WO2021052303A1 - 一种发声器件和电子设备 - Google Patents

一种发声器件和电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021052303A1
WO2021052303A1 PCT/CN2020/115231 CN2020115231W WO2021052303A1 WO 2021052303 A1 WO2021052303 A1 WO 2021052303A1 CN 2020115231 W CN2020115231 W CN 2020115231W WO 2021052303 A1 WO2021052303 A1 WO 2021052303A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sound
cavity
guide plate
housing
electronic device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/115231
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
秦仁轩
许超
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to US17/761,878 priority Critical patent/US20220337940A1/en
Priority to EP20866897.0A priority patent/EP4024900A4/en
Publication of WO2021052303A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021052303A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
    • H04R1/2815—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements of the bass reflex type
    • H04R1/2823—Vents, i.e. ports, e.g. shape thereof or tuning thereof with damping material
    • H04R1/2826—Vents, i.e. ports, e.g. shape thereof or tuning thereof with damping material for loudspeaker transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/02—Constructional features of telephone sets
    • H04M1/03—Constructional features of telephone transmitters or receivers, e.g. telephone hand-sets
    • H04M1/035—Improving the acoustic characteristics by means of constructional features of the housing, e.g. ribs, walls, resonating chambers or cavities
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/60—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers including speech amplifiers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
    • H04R1/2853—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements using an acoustic labyrinth or a transmission line
    • H04R1/2857—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements using an acoustic labyrinth or a transmission line for loudspeaker transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/44—Special adaptations for subaqueous use, e.g. for hydrophone
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
    • H04R1/283—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements using a passive diaphragm
    • H04R1/2834—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements using a passive diaphragm for loudspeaker transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2499/00—Aspects covered by H04R or H04S not otherwise provided for in their subgroups
    • H04R2499/10—General applications
    • H04R2499/11—Transducers incorporated or for use in hand-held devices, e.g. mobile phones, PDA's, camera's
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of terminal technology, and in particular to a sound-producing device and electronic equipment.
  • the transducer that converts into sound energy specifically converts the electrical signal of the amplifier into the mechanical vibration of the diaphragm, which in turn causes the surrounding air to change in density, so that the sound waves can be converted to produce sound.
  • the speaker adopts a semi-open back cavity structure, specifically: the back cavity of the speaker is connected to the internal space of the phone, so that the volume of the back cavity of the speaker is increased. Large, making the low frequency of the mobile phone less than 650Hz.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a sound generating device and an electronic device, which reduce the flow rate of the air flow generated by the sound generating device in the electronic device, so that the impact of the air flow on the housing of the electronic device is weakened, thereby achieving the effect of suppressing the vibration of the electronic device housing and improving The experience of the user holding an electronic device.
  • the first aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a sound emitting device, which is applied to an electronic device with a cavity and a sound hole.
  • the sound emitting device includes: a housing and a sounding unit provided in the housing, and the housing has mutually independent The front sound cavity and the rear sound cavity, one end of the sound emitting unit is located in the front sound cavity, and the other end of the sound emitting unit is located in the rear sound cavity.
  • the housing is provided with a sound hole and a leakage hole, the front sound cavity communicates with the sound hole of the electronic device through the sound hole, and the rear sound cavity communicates with the sound hole of the electronic device through the leak hole.
  • the cavity is connected.
  • It also includes: a damping component located in the rear sound cavity and arranged close to the leakage hole, and the damping component is used to form an air flow channel connecting the rear sound cavity and the cavity of the electronic device .
  • the damping component is set in the rear sound cavity near the leakage hole, so that the air flow generated by the vibration of the sound unit diaphragm in the rear sound cavity needs to pass through the damping component and enter the cavity of the electronic device.
  • the damping component can resist the air flow. Plays the role of speed reduction, so that the airflow enters the cavity inside the electronic device at a low flow rate, so that the impact of the airflow on the back cover of the electronic device with a thin thickness is weakened, and the amplitude is reduced, so as to suppress or reduce the vibration of the back cover of the electronic device
  • the role of the user to improve the user experience of handheld electronic devices.
  • the damping assembly includes at least one guide plate, at least one end of the guide plate is connected to the inner wall of the housing, and the guide plate and a part of the inner wall of the housing form an area. ⁇ Air flow channel.
  • the air flow channel enclosed by the guide plate and part of the inner wall of the casing extends the path of the air flow to the leak hole, so that when the air flow in the rear sound cavity reaches the leak hole, the air flow enters the mobile phone at a low flow rate.
  • the impact on the back cover is weakened, and the amplitude is reduced, so as to suppress the vibration of the back cover and improve the user's hand-held experience.
  • the barrier layer slows down the flow rate of the air flow.
  • the air flow in the back sound cavity reaches the leak hole, the air flow enters the cavity of the mobile phone at a low flow rate.
  • the impact on the rear cover is weakened, and the amplitude is reduced, achieving the effect of suppressing the vibration of the rear cover.
  • the damping assembly includes a first guide plate and a second guide plate, and the first guide plate is close to the leakage hole.
  • One end of the first guide plate is connected with the inner wall of the housing close to the display screen of the electronic device, and the other end of the first guide plate is suspended.
  • One end of the second guide plate is connected with the inner wall of the housing close to the back cover of the electronic device, and the other end of the second guide plate is suspended.
  • the path of the air flow channel formed in this way is longer, and the deceleration effect on the air flow is greater, and the air flow can enter the cavity of the electronic device at a lower flow rate.
  • the damping assembly includes a first guide plate and a second guide plate, and the first guide plate is close to the leakage hole.
  • One end of the first guide plate is connected to the inner wall of the housing close to the display screen of the electronic device, and the other end of the first guide plate is connected to the inner wall of the housing close to the back cover of the electronic device.
  • One end of the second guide plate is connected to the inner wall of the housing close to the back cover of the electronic device, and the other end of the second guide plate is connected to the inner wall of the housing close to the display screen of the electronic device.
  • the first guide plate is provided with a first flow port
  • the second guide plate is provided with a second flow port
  • the first flow port is located away from the leakage hole
  • the second flow port is far away from the first Circulation port.
  • the damping component includes at least one layer of waterproof and breathable membrane, and the waterproof and breathable membrane is arranged on the leakage hole.
  • the waterproof and breathable membrane acts as an obstacle to the airflow, and the transmission speed of the airflow is reduced under the obstruction of the waterproof and breathable membrane, so that the airflow enters the interior of the electronic device at a low flow rate, so that the impact of the airflow on the back cover of the electronic device is weakened, and the amplitude is reduced. Lowering, thereby suppressing the vibration of the back cover of the electronic device, and improving the user's experience when holding the electronic device.
  • the damping component includes a waterproof and breathable membrane
  • the waterproof and breathable membrane can play a waterproof role, so that when water vapor or liquid exists in the cavity of the electronic device, the water vapor or liquid cannot easily enter the rear sound cavity under the obstruction of the waterproof and breathable membrane. , Thereby avoiding the influence of water vapor or liquid on the performance of the sound unit.
  • the damping assembly includes at least one layer of mesh cloth, which is arranged on the leakage hole, or the mesh cloth is connected to the inner wall of the housing.
  • the mesh cloth By installing the mesh cloth, on the one hand, it can play a role in decelerating the airflow, so that the airflow enters the cavity of the electronic device at a low flow rate, and the impact of the airflow on the back cover of the electronic device is weakened, and the amplitude is reduced, thereby suppressing the rear Vibration of the cover.
  • a mesh cloth is set close to the leak hole. The mesh cloth can play a dust-proof function and prevent foreign matter or dust in the cavity of the mobile phone from entering the rear sound cavity.
  • the damping component includes a first mesh and a second mesh, the first mesh is arranged on the leakage hole, and the second mesh is connected to the inner wall of the housing. Connected, there is a buffer space between the first mesh cloth and the second mesh cloth.
  • a sound-absorbing material is provided in the buffer space, and the sound-absorbing material includes one or more of sound-absorbing particles, sound-absorbing cotton, and sound-absorbing panels.
  • the sound-absorbing material By arranging sound-absorbing materials in the buffer space, the sound-absorbing material will hinder the air flow to a certain extent after the airflow enters the buffer space, so that there is friction between the airflow and the sound-absorbing material during the transmission process. The friction causes part of the sound energy to be converted into heat energy.
  • the sound-absorbing material absorbs the sound energy of the airflow, and the flow rate of the airflow is reduced, thus ensuring that the airflow enters the cavity of the mobile phone at a low flow rate, so that the impact of the airflow on the back cover is weakened, and the back cover is not prone to shell vibration. It is not easy to feel the shock when holding a mobile phone.
  • At least one partition is provided in the housing, and the partition divides the internal space of the housing into the front sound cavity and the rear sound cavity, and the sound generating unit Pierced on the partition.
  • the inside of the housing of the sounding device can be divided into a front sound cavity and a rear sound cavity through the partition.
  • the arrangement of the partition can realize the installation of the sound unit in the housing.
  • a second aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides an electronic device, which includes at least a display screen, a middle frame, a back cover, and any of the above-mentioned sound emitting devices, and the display screen and the back cover are respectively located on two sides of the middle frame.
  • the sounding device is located in a cavity enclosed by the back cover and the middle frame, the front sound cavity of the sounding device communicates with a sound hole opened on the frame of the middle frame, and the sounding device The back sound cavity is in communication with the cavity.
  • the problem that the rear cover of the electronic device vibrates after the external release function of the electronic device is activated which causes the user to hold the electronic device with strong vibration, and improves the user's hand-held experience.
  • the third aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides an electronic device, which includes at least a display screen, a back cover, and any one of the above-mentioned sound emitting devices, the sound emitting device being located in a cavity enclosed by the back cover and the display screen
  • the front sound cavity of the sound emitting device is communicated with the sound hole opened on the side frame of the back cover, and the rear sound cavity of the sound emitting device is communicated with the cavity.
  • the problem that the rear cover of the electronic device vibrates after the external release function of the electronic device is activated which causes the user to hold the electronic device with strong vibration, and improves the user's hand-held experience.
  • it further includes: a sealing member located between the sound hole and the outer edge of the sound hole, and the sealing member connects the front sound cavity of the sound device with the outer edge of the sound hole.
  • the cavities in the electronic device are separated.
  • the front sound cavity and the cavity inside the mobile phone are independent of each other and not connected to each other.
  • the air flow generated by the vibration of the sound unit diaphragm is transmitted through the sound outlet and the first sound hole, so as to prevent the air flow generated by the sound unit from passing through the sound outlet. Then, it enters the cavity inside the electronic device and causes the problem of poor external release effect of the electronic device.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of another three-dimensional structure of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the middle frame and the sound emitting device of the electronic device provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sound emitting device of the electronic device installed on the middle frame according to an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 6A is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a sound device, a middle frame, a back cover, and a display screen of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • 6B is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a sound device, a middle frame, a back cover, and a display screen of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a sound device, a middle frame, a back cover, and a display screen of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a sound device, a middle frame, a back cover, and a display screen of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a sound device, a middle frame, a back cover, and a display screen of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a sound emitting device, a middle frame, a back cover, and a display screen of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • the embodiments of this application provide an electronic device, including but not limited to mobile phones, tablet computers, notebook computers, ultra-mobile personal computers (UMPC), handheld computers, walkie-talkies, netbooks, POS machines, and personal digital assistants (personal digital assistant, PDA), driving recorder, wearable device, virtual reality device, Bluetooth audio/headset, or car front-mounted mobile or fixed terminal with external playback function.
  • UMPC ultra-mobile personal computers
  • PDA personal digital assistants
  • driving recorder wearable device
  • virtual reality device virtual reality device
  • Bluetooth audio/headset or car front-mounted mobile or fixed terminal with external playback function.
  • the mobile phone 100 is the above electronic device as an example for description.
  • FIGS. 1 to 2 respectively show the overall structure and the split structure of the mobile phone 100.
  • the mobile phone 100 may include: A middle frame 20, a circuit board 30 and a battery 40 can be arranged between the screen 10 and the back cover 60, and between the display screen 10 and the back cover 60.
  • the circuit board 30 and the battery 40 can be arranged on the middle frame 20, for example, the circuit board 30 and the battery 40 are arranged on the side of the middle frame 20 facing the back cover 60; or the circuit board 30 and the battery 40 can be arranged on the middle frame 20 The side facing the display screen 10.
  • the battery 40 when the battery 40 is installed on the middle frame 20, for example, a battery compartment may be arranged on the side of the middle frame 20 facing the back cover 60, and the battery 40 is installed in the battery compartment on the middle frame 20 (as shown in FIG. 2 Shown in the dashed box).
  • the battery 40 can be connected to the charging management module and the circuit board 30 through a power management module.
  • the power management module receives input from the battery 40 and/or the charging management module, and is a processor, internal memory, external memory, and display.
  • the screen 10, the camera, and the communication module are supplied with power.
  • the power management module can also be used to monitor the capacity of the battery 40, the number of cycles of the battery 40, and the health status (leakage, impedance) of the battery 40 and other parameters.
  • the power management module may also be provided in the processor of the circuit board 30.
  • the power management module and the charging management module may also be provided in the same device.
  • the display screen 10 may be an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display or a liquid crystal display (LCD). It should be understood that the display screen 10 may include a display and a touch control device. The display is used to output display content to the user, and the touch control device is used to receive touch events input by the user on the display screen 10.
  • OLED organic light-emitting diode
  • LCD liquid crystal display
  • the back cover 60 may be a metal cover, a glass cover, a plastic cover, or a ceramic cover.
  • the material of the back cover 60 is not limited.
  • the middle frame 20 may include a metal middle plate 25 and a frame.
  • the frame is arranged one week along the outer circumference of the metal middle plate 25.
  • the frame may include a top frame 24 and a bottom frame 22 opposite to each other.
  • a left frame 23 and a right frame 21 located between the top frame 24 and the bottom frame 22 and opposite to each other.
  • the connection between each frame and the metal middle plate 25 includes, but is not limited to, welding, clamping, and integral injection molding.
  • the material of the metal middle plate 25 may be aluminum or aluminum alloy, or the material of the metal middle plate 25 may be stainless steel. It should be noted that the material of the metal middle plate 25 includes but is not limited to the above-mentioned materials.
  • each frame (top frame 24, bottom frame 22, left frame 23, and right frame 21) can be a metal frame, a glass frame, or a plastic frame or a ceramic frame.
  • the mobile phone 100 may include a display screen 10 and a back cover.
  • the back cover may be the back cover 60 and the frame in FIG. 2 (ie, the top frame 24, the bottom frame 22, the left frame 23 and The frame formed by the right frame 21) forms a unibody back cover.
  • the circuit board 30 and the battery 40 are located in the cavity enclosed by the display screen 10 and the back cover.
  • the structure illustrated in the embodiment of the present application does not constitute a specific limitation on the mobile phone 100.
  • the mobile phone 100 may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or split certain components, or arrange different components.
  • the mobile phone 100 may also include a camera (such as a front camera and a rear camera) and a flashlight.
  • the mobile phone 100 may further include: a sound generating device 50, which can convert an audio electric signal into a sound signal, and the mobile phone 100 may use the sound generating device 50 Play music, or realize hands-free calls.
  • the sound emitting device 50 may be provided on the side of the middle frame 20 facing the rear cover 60.
  • the bottom frame 22 of the mobile phone 100 is provided with a first sound hole 221 connected to the sound hole 5111 (see FIG. 6A) of the sound device 50, so that the sound generated by the sound device 50 can pass through the first sound hole 221 Pass to the outside, realize the function of external release.
  • the number of the first sound holes 221 includes but is not limited to the 7 sound holes shown in FIG. 3.
  • the number of the first sound holes 221 may also be greater than or less than 7.
  • a microphone (not shown), that is, a microphone, is also provided in the mobile phone 100.
  • the microphone is used to convert sound signals into electrical signals.
  • the user can approach The microphone emits sound, and the sound signal is input to the microphone.
  • the bottom frame 22 is also provided with a second sound hole 223 opposite to the microphone, so that external sounds can be input to the microphone through the second sound hole 223.
  • the bottom frame 22 is also provided with a power interface 222 between the first sound hole 221 and the second sound hole 223, and the power interface 222 may be a USB Type-C interface or a Micro USB interface.
  • the opening positions of the first sound hole 221, the second sound hole 223, and the power interface 222 include but are not limited to the position of the bottom frame 22 shown in FIG. 3.
  • the first sound hole 221, The positions of the second sound hole 223 and the power interface 222 can be adjusted according to actual needs.
  • the mobile phone 100 may be provided with at least one microphone.
  • the mobile phone 100 may be provided with two microphones.
  • it may also implement a noise reduction function.
  • the mobile phone 100 may also be equipped with three, four or more microphones to collect sound signals, reduce noise, identify the source of sound, and realize the function of directional recording.
  • the sound emitting device 50 and the microphone can be electrically connected to the processor on the circuit board 30 through the audio module, so that the sound emitting device 50, the microphone, the audio module, and the processor realize audio functions, such as music playback, Recording etc.
  • the audio module can be set in the processor, or part of the function of the audio module is set in the processor.
  • the audio module can convert digital audio information into analog audio signal output, and can also be used to convert analog audio input into digital audio signal. Used to encode and decode audio signals.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show schematic diagrams of assembling the middle frame 20 and the sounding device 50.
  • the sounding device 50 is arranged near the bottom frame 22 where the first sound hole 221 is opened. 5
  • the sounding device 50 can be fixed on the side of the metal middle plate 25 facing the back cover 60, the side of the sounding device 50 with the sound hole 5111 facing the inner surface of the bottom frame 22, the sound hole of the sounding device 50 5111 communicates with the first sound hole 221.
  • the sounding device 50 may include a housing 51 (Box) and a sounding unit 52 provided in the housing 51.
  • the housing 51 has a cavity, which is divided into a front sound cavity 511 and a rear sound cavity 512 that are independent of each other.
  • One end of the sounding unit 52 is located in the front sound cavity 511, and the other end of the sounding unit 52 is located in the rear sound cavity.
  • the front end of the sounding unit 52 is located in the front sound cavity 511, and the rear end of the sounding unit 52 is located in the rear sound cavity 512.
  • the air flow generated by the sound unit 52 enters the front sound cavity 511 and passes through the sound outlet 5111 and the first sound hole 221, and the air flow enters the rear sound cavity 512 and enters the cavity 101 in the mobile phone 100 through the leak hole 5121.
  • the sounding unit 52 may be a speaker.
  • the sounding unit 52 may include a voice coil (that is, a coil), a magnet, and a diaphragm.
  • the sound generation principle is: current flows through the voice coil, so that the voice coil The generated magnetic field changes, the magnetic force between the magnet and the voice coil changes, and the distance between the magnet and the voice coil changes, which drives the diaphragm to vibrate and produce sound.
  • the sound unit 52 with a larger amplitude or a larger driving force can be selected.
  • the sounding unit 52 includes, but is not limited to, the voice coil, magnet, and diaphragm described above, and may also include a bracket and a positioning device.
  • the housing 51 is provided with a sound hole 5111 communicating with the front sound cavity 511.
  • a sound hole 5111 is opened on the side wall opposite to the bottom frame 22 of the housing 51.
  • the sound hole 5111 is opposite to the first sound hole 221.
  • the plurality of sound outlet holes 5111 may correspond to the plurality of first sound holes 221 one-to-one, or one sound hole 5111 may correspond to the plurality of first sound holes 221.
  • the number of sound holes 5111 is specifically set according to actual needs.
  • the housing 51 may be a plastic housing.
  • the sound hole on the housing 51 A sealing member 513 is provided between the outer edge of the 5111 and the outer edges of the first sound holes 221 on the bottom frame 22, so that the front sound cavity 511 is separated from the cavity 101 inside the mobile phone 100 and is not connected to each other, and the sound unit 52
  • the air flow generated by the vibration of the diaphragm is transmitted through the sound outlet 5111 and the first sound hole 221 to prevent the air flow generated by the sound unit 52 from entering the cavity 101 inside the mobile phone 100 after passing through the sound hole 5111 and causing the sound device 50 to be outside.
  • the problem of poor performance is described in order to prevent the front sound cavity 511 from communicating with the cavity 101 inside the mobile phone 100, as shown in FIG. 6A.
  • the sealing member 513 may be a sealing ring, or the sealing member 513 may be a sealant.
  • the sealant is not easy to perform a sealing function, and serves to fix the housing 51 and the bottom frame 22.
  • a sealing member 513 is provided between the outer edge of the sound hole 5111 of the housing 51 and the bottom frame 22, the external water vapor or impurities cannot easily enter the mobile phone 100 under the obstruction of the sealing member 513. internal.
  • the housing 51 is provided with a device that can connect the rear sound cavity 512 with the cavity 101 inside the mobile phone 100 Leak hole 5121, so that the back sound cavity 512 of the sounding device 50 is connected to the cavity 101 inside the mobile phone 100, and the cavity 101 inside the mobile phone 100 can be used as the back sound cavity 512 of the sounding device 50, so that the back sound cavity of the sounding device 50
  • the volume of 512 increases.
  • the acoustic resistance is smaller, and the low frequency is easier to come out, so this ensures that the low frequency of the sound device 50 is low ( ⁇ 650Hz), the low frequency dive is large, the dynamics are good, and the power consumption low.
  • the cavity 101 inside the mobile phone 100 is specifically the inner surface of the back cover 60, the side of the metal middle plate 25 facing the back cover 60, and the inner surface of the frame between the back cover 60 and the metal middle plate 25 A cavity enclosed together.
  • the cavity in the housing 51 is divided into a front sound cavity 511 and a rear sound cavity 512
  • the cavity of the housing 51 can be divided into a front sound cavity 511 through the horizontal partition 515 and the vertical partition 514 in FIG. 6A.
  • the sounding unit 52 is installed in the housing 51, an installation opening can be opened on the horizontal partition 515, and the sounding unit 52 can be installed horizontally on the installation opening.
  • One end of the sounding unit 52 is located in the front sound cavity 511, and the other end of the sounding unit 52 Located in the back sound cavity 512.
  • the sounding unit 52 may also be vertically installed in the cavity of the housing 51.
  • the air flow generated by the vibration of the diaphragm of the sound unit 52 will act on the rear cover 60 through the leakage hole 5121, and the back cover 60 with a relatively thin thickness is prone to shelling under the action of the air flow.
  • the vibration makes the user feel strong when holding the mobile phone 100, which is not conducive to the user experience.
  • the sound generating device 50 may further include a damping component 53, which may be close to the leakage hole. 5121 is provided.
  • the damping component 53 can be provided in the rear sound cavity 512 and close to the leak hole 5121, or the damping component 53 can be provided on the leak hole 5121.
  • the damping component 53 may form an airflow channel (shown by the dashed arrow in FIG.
  • the airflow generated in the cavity 512 plays a role in reducing the speed, so that the airflow enters the cavity 101 inside the mobile phone 100 at a low flow rate, so that the impact of the airflow on the thinner back cover 60 is weakened and the amplitude is reduced, thereby achieving suppression or Reduce the effect of the back cover 60 shell vibration and improve the user's hand-held experience.
  • the electronic device provided by the embodiment of the present application further includes a damping component 53 through the sound generating device 50, and the damping component 53 is arranged close to the leakage hole 5121, so that the damping component 53 can reduce the speed of the airflow in the rear sound cavity 512, so that The airflow enters the cavity 101 inside the mobile phone 100 from the leak hole 5121 at a low flow rate.
  • the impact on the thinner back cover 60 is weakened, and the amplitude is reduced to achieve The case vibration of the back cover 60 is suppressed, and the user is less likely to feel the vibration when holding the mobile phone 100, thereby improving the user's hand-held experience.
  • the electronic device provided by the embodiment of the present application suppresses the case vibration on the basis of ensuring that the sound generating device 50 has a large low-frequency dive, and solves the problem of the vibration of the back cover 60 of the existing mobile phone 100 caused by the impact of the airflow caused by the user holding the mobile phone 100. Strong question.
  • the damping assembly 53 may include at least one guide plate.
  • the damping assembly 53 may include two guide plates, a first guide plate 531 and a second guide plate 532, respectively.
  • the first guide plate 531 and the second guide plate 532 are arranged in the rear sound cavity 512 at intervals.
  • the first guide plate 531 is arranged close to the leakage hole 5121.
  • the first guide plate 531, the second guide plate 532 and part of the inner wall of the housing 51 are surrounded by As an airflow channel (see the dashed arrow in FIG.
  • one end of the airflow channel communicates with the cavity 101 in the mobile phone 100 through the leak hole 5121, and the other end of the airflow channel communicates with the rear sound cavity 512, so that the rear sound cavity 512
  • the airflow passes through the airflow channel to the leak hole 5121.
  • the airflow channel extends the path of the airflow to the leak hole 5121, so that when the airflow in the rear sound cavity 512 reaches the leak hole 5121, the airflow enters the cavity in the mobile phone 100 at a low flow rate.
  • the impact on the back cover 60 is weakened, and the amplitude is reduced, so as to suppress the vibration of the back cover 60 and improve the hand-held experience of the user.
  • the leakage hole 5121 may be opened at the top end of the side wall of the rear sound cavity 512, in order to extend The air flow reaches the transmission path of the leakage hole 5121.
  • the first guide plate 531 and the second guide plate 532 may be located between the inner bottom wall and the inner top wall of the housing 51 in FIG.
  • first guide plate 531 is connected to the housing
  • the inner top wall of the body 51 is connected (that is, the inner wall of the housing 51 is close to the inner wall of the display screen 10), the other end of the first guide plate 531 is suspended, and the other end of the first guide plate 531 is between the inner bottom wall of the housing 51
  • One end of the second guide plate 532 is connected to the inner bottom wall of the housing 51 (that is, the inner wall of the housing 51 is close to the inner wall of the rear cover 60), the other end of the second guide plate 532 is suspended, and the other end of the second guide plate 532 is connected to There is a second flow gap 5321 between the inner top walls, so that the first flow gap 5311 is far away from the leak hole 5121, and the second flow gap 5321 is far away from the first flow gap 5311, so that the first guide plate 531, the second guide plate 532 and the housing Part of the inner wall of the body 51 encloses a long airflow channel.
  • the airflow in the rear sound cavity 512 passes through the airflow channel so that the airflow enters the cavity 101 of the mobile phone 100 at a low flow rate (as shown by the dotted arrow in FIG. 6A). ), so that the impact received by the rear cover 60 is weakened, thereby achieving the effect of suppressing the vibration of the rear cover 60.
  • both ends of the second guide plate 532 may be connected to the inner wall of the housing 51, for example, one end of the second guide plate 532 and the housing 51 are close to the rear cover 60.
  • the inner wall of the second guide plate 532 is connected to the inner wall of the housing 51 close to the display screen 10.
  • a circulation port 53c is opened on the second guide plate 532, and the circulation port 53c divides the second guide plate 532 into an upper guide plate 53a and a lower guide plate 53b.
  • the first circulation gap 5311, the circulation port 53c, and the leakage hole 5121 between the first guide plate 531 and the inner wall of the rear sound cavity 512 are located away from each other, for example, the first guide plate 531 and The circulation gap between the inner walls of the rear sound cavity 512 may be located away from the leakage hole 5121, and the circulation port 53c on the second guide plate 532 is located away from the first circulation gap 5311. In this way, a longer airflow path is formed, so that the airflow can be better decelerated.
  • both ends of the first guide plate 531 may also be connected to two opposite inner walls of the housing 51.
  • one end of the first guide plate 531 is connected to the inner wall of the housing 51 close to the back cover 60.
  • the other end of the first guide plate 531 is connected to the inner wall of the housing 51 close to the display screen 10.
  • a circulation port 53c can be opened on the first guide plate 531.
  • the first guide plate 531 is divided into two upper and lower guide plates.
  • the damping assembly 53 may include but is not limited to the above-mentioned first guide plate 531 and the second guide plate 532, for example, may also include a third guide plate or a fourth guide plate, wherein, The number of guide plates can be set according to actual needs.
  • the first guide plate 531 and the second guide plate 532 can be vertical plates as shown in FIG. 6A.
  • the first guide plate 531 and the second guide plate 532 can also be arc-shaped plates. Further extend the transmission path of the airflow to the leakage hole 5121, so as to achieve a better deceleration effect on the airflow in the rear sound cavity 512.
  • the first guide plate 531 and the second guide plate 532 may be plastic plates, for example, the first guide plate 531 and the second guide plate 532 may be plastic plates.
  • the materials of the first guide plate 531 and the second guide plate 532 include, but are not limited to, plastic plates.
  • the width of the gap between the first guide plate 531 and the second guide plate 532 and the thickness of the first guide plate 531 and the second guide plate 532 are set according to actual requirements.
  • the sound emitting device 50 may include a damping component 54, and the damping component 54 may be provided on the leakage hole 5121.
  • the damping component 54 may include at least one layer of waterproof and breathable membrane.
  • the waterproof and breathable membrane is arranged on the leak hole 5121.
  • the breathable hole in the waterproof and breathable membrane connects the rear sound cavity 512 with the cavity 101.
  • the vent holes of the rear sound cavity 512 play a role in reducing the speed of the airflow generated in the rear sound cavity 512.
  • the damping component 54 includes a layer of waterproof and breathable membrane.
  • the waterproof and breathable membrane When the airflow passes through the leak hole 5121, the waterproof and breathable membrane has a decelerating effect on the airflow, so that the transmission speed of the airflow is reduced, making the airflow at a low flow rate.
  • the state enters the interior of the mobile phone 100, so that the impact of the air flow received by the back cover 60 is weakened and the amplitude is reduced, thereby suppressing the vibration of the back cover 60 and improving the user's experience when holding the mobile phone 100.
  • the damping component 54 includes a waterproof and breathable membrane
  • the waterproof and breathable membrane can play a waterproof role. In this way, when water vapor or liquid exists in the cavity 101 of the mobile phone 100, the water vapor or liquid cannot easily enter the back under the obstacle of the waterproof and breathable membrane. In the sound cavity 512, the influence of water vapor or liquid on the performance of the sound unit 52 is avoided.
  • the number of waterproof and breathable membranes includes, but is not limited to, one layer, and can also be multiple layers.
  • the multilayer waterproof and breathable membranes can be arranged at the leak holes 5121 at intervals. When the waterproof and breathable membrane is installed in the leak hole 5121, the waterproof and breathable membrane can be fixed at the leak hole 5121 by bonding, hot melt or injection molding.
  • the sound generating device 50 may include a damping component 55, and the damping component 55 may include at least one layer of mesh.
  • the damping assembly 55 includes two layers of mesh cloth, a first mesh cloth 551 and a second mesh cloth 552, wherein the first mesh cloth 551 is connected to the inner wall of the housing 51, and the second mesh cloth 551 is connected to the inner wall of the housing 51.
  • the mesh cloth 552 is installed at the leak hole 5121, and there is a buffer space 553 between the first mesh cloth 551 and the second mesh cloth 552, so that the air flow generated by the sound unit 52 in the rear sound cavity 512 passes through the second mesh cloth 552 and the buffer space 553.
  • the buffer space 553 and the first mesh cloth 551 slow down the air flow, so that the flow rate of the air flow is reduced, so that the air flow is at a low flow rate.
  • the state of entering into the cavity 101 in the mobile phone 100, the impact of the air flow received by the back cover 60 of the mobile phone 100 is weakened, and the amplitude is reduced, thereby suppressing the vibration of the back cover 60 and improving the user's experience when holding the mobile phone 100.
  • the first mesh cloth 551 and the second mesh cloth 552 provided in the embodiments of the present application can play a role in decelerating the airflow, so that the airflow enters the cavity 101 in the mobile phone 100 at a low flow rate.
  • the impact of the air flow received by the rear cover 60 of 100 is weakened, and the amplitude is reduced, thereby suppressing the vibration of the rear cover 60.
  • the first mesh cloth 551 and the second mesh cloth 552 are arranged near the leak hole 5121.
  • the first mesh cloth 551 and the second mesh cloth 552 can play a dust-proof function and prevent the inside of the cavity 101 of the mobile phone 100.
  • the foreign body enters the rear sound cavity 512.
  • the first mesh cloth 551 and the second mesh cloth 552 can be arranged in the rear sound cavity 512 and on the leakage hole 5121 by bonding, hot melting or injection molding.
  • a sound-absorbing material can be arranged in the buffer space 553 between the first mesh cloth 551 and the second mesh cloth 552, for example, As shown in FIG. 9, the sound-absorbing material provided in the buffer space 553 between the first mesh cloth 551 and the second mesh cloth 552 is sound-absorbing particles 554, and the sound-absorbing particles 554 are filled in the buffer space 553, so that the airflow enters the buffer space 553 Later, the sound-absorbing material hinders the airflow to a certain extent, causing friction between the airflow and the sound-absorbing material during the transmission process.
  • the friction makes part of the sound energy converted into heat energy and absorbed by the sound-absorbing material, so that the sound energy of the airflow is lost, and the flow velocity of the airflow
  • the reduction ensures that the airflow enters the cavity 101 of the mobile phone 100 at a low flow rate, so that the impact of the airflow on the back cover 60 is weakened, the back cover 60 is not prone to shell vibration, and the user is not likely to feel the shock when holding the mobile phone 100.
  • the sound-absorbing material provided in the buffer space 553 between the first mesh cloth 551 and the second mesh cloth 552 is sound-absorbing cotton 555, and the sound-absorbing cotton 555 is filled in the buffer space 553.
  • the sound-absorbing cotton 555 will hinder the transmission of the airflow to a certain extent.
  • the sound-absorbing cotton 555 may be mineral wool, glass wool, blankets, or the like.
  • the sound-absorbing material provided in the buffer space 553 between the first mesh cloth 551 and the second mesh cloth 552 may include, but is not limited to, the above-mentioned sound-absorbing particles 554 and sound-absorbing cotton 555, and may also be porous wood.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or Indirect connection through an intermediate medium can be the internal communication between two elements or the interaction between two elements.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or Indirect connection through an intermediate medium can be the internal communication between two elements or the interaction between two elements.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种发声器件和电子设备，电子设备可以包括手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、超级移动个人计算机(UMPC)、手持计算机、对讲机、上网本、POS机、个人数字助理(PDA)、行车记录仪、可穿戴设备、虚拟现实设备、蓝牙音响/耳机、或车载前装等具有外放功能的移动或固定终端，通过设置阻尼组件，阻尼组件对后音腔内形成的气流起到减速作用，使得后音腔内形成的气流以低流速的状态进入电子设备内部的腔体内，这样气流对于厚度较薄的电子设备壳体的冲击减弱，振幅降低，从而达到抑制或减轻电子设备壳振的目的，改善用户手持电子设备的体验。

Description

一种发声器件和电子设备
本申请要求于2019年09月18日提交中国专利局、申请号为201910883154.2、申请名称为“一种发声器件和电子设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉终端技术领域，特别涉及一种发声器件和电子设备。
背景技术
随着电子技术的发展，手机在人们日常生活中不可或缺，而扬声器(例如动圈式喇叭、压电式扬声器或其他外放器件)又是手机不可缺少的部件，扬声器是一种将电能转换成声能的转换器(transducer)，具体是把放大器的电气信号转换成振膜的机械振动，进而使周围的空气产生疏密的变化，以使音波转变而发声。
目前，手机内设置扬声器时，为了使得扬声器的低频下潜大，所以扬声器采用半开放后腔结构，具体为：扬声器的后音腔与手机的内部空间连通，这样扬声器的后音腔的体积增大，使得手机的低频小于650Hz。
然后，扬声器的后音腔与手机的内部空间连通后，扬声器工作时，扬声器的振膜振动产生的气流经后音腔进入手机内部流动，这样易导致厚度较薄的后盖产生振动，使得用户手持手机时震感强烈。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种发声器件和电子设备，降低发声器件产生的气流在电子设备内的流速，使得电子设备的壳体受到的气流冲击减弱，从而达到抑制电子设备壳体振动的作用，改善用户手持电子设备的体验。
本申请实施例第一方面提供一种发声器件，应用于具有腔体和音孔的电子设备中，所述发声器件包括：壳体和设在壳体内的发声单元，所述壳体内具有相互独立的前音腔和后音腔，所述发声单元的一端位于所述前音腔中，所述发声单元的另一端位于后音腔中。
所述壳体上开设出音孔和泄漏孔，所述前音腔通过所述出音孔与所述电子设备的音孔连通，所述后音腔通过所述泄漏孔与所述电子设备的腔体连通。
还包括：阻尼组件，所述阻尼组件位于所述后音腔内且靠近所述泄漏孔设置，所述阻尼组件用于形成将所述后音腔和所述电子设备的腔体连通的气流通道。
通过后音腔内靠近泄漏孔的位置设置阻尼组件，这样后音腔内发声单元振膜振动产生的气流需经过阻尼组件进入电子设备的腔体，而气流经过阻尼组件时，阻尼组件可以对气流起到降速作用，使得气流以低流速的状态进入电子设备内部的腔体中，这样气流对于厚度较薄的电子设备后盖的冲击减弱，振幅降低，从而达到抑制或减轻电子设备后盖振动的作用，改善用户手持电子设备的体验。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述阻尼组件包括至少一个导向板，所述导向板的至少一 端与所述壳体的内壁相连，所述导向板与所述壳体的部分内壁围成所述气流通道。
通过包括导向板，这样导向板与壳体的部分内壁围成的气流通道延长了气流到达泄漏孔的路径，从而使得后音腔内的气流到达泄漏孔时，气流以低流速的状态进入手机内的腔体中，这样对后盖的冲击减弱，振幅降低，达到抑制后盖壳振的作用，改善用户手持体验。而后音腔内发声单元振膜振动产生的气流经过阻碍层时，阻碍层对气流的流速起到减速作用，后音腔内的气流到达泄漏孔时，气流以低流速的状态进入手机内的腔体中，这样对后盖的冲击减弱，振幅降低，达到抑制后盖壳振的作用。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述阻尼组件包括第一导向板和第二导向板，所述第一导向板靠近泄漏孔。
所述第一导向板的一端与所述壳体靠近所述电子设备显示屏的内壁相连，所述第一导向板的另一端悬空设置。
所述第二导向板的一端与所述壳体靠近所述电子设备后盖的内壁相连，所述第二导向板的另一端悬空设置。
通过第一导向板和第二导向板，这样形成的气流通道的路径更长，对气流的减速作用更大，气流可以以更低的流速进入到电子设备的腔体内。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述阻尼组件包括第一导向板和第二导向板，所述第一导向板靠近泄漏孔。
所述第一导向板的一端与所述壳体靠近所述电子设备显示屏的内壁相连，所述第一导向板的另一端与所述壳体靠近所述电子设备后盖的内壁相连。
所述第二导向板的一端与所述壳体靠近所述电子设备后盖的内壁相连，所述第二导向板的另一端与所述壳体靠近所述电子设备显示屏的内壁相连。
所述第一导向板上开设第一流通口，所述第二导向板上开设第二流通口，所述第一流通口远离所述泄漏孔设置，所述第二流通口远离所述第一流通口。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述阻尼组件包括至少一层防水透气膜，所述防水透气膜设置在所述泄漏孔上。
这样，防水透气膜对气流起到阻碍作用，气流在防水透气膜的阻碍下传输速度降低，使得气流以低流速的状态进入电子设备的内部，这样电子设备的后盖受到的气流冲击减弱，振幅降低，从而抑制了电子设备后盖的振动，改善用户手持电子设备时的体验。另外，阻尼组件包括防水透气膜时，防水透气膜可以起到防水作用，这样电子设备内的腔体存在水汽或液体时，在防水透气膜的阻碍下，水汽或液体不易进入到后音腔内，从而避免了水汽或液体对发声单元性能的影响。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述阻尼组件包括至少一层网布，所述网布设置在所述泄漏孔上，或者，所述网布与所述壳体的内壁相连。
通过设置网布，一方面可以起到对气流减速的作用，使得气流以低流速的状态进入到电子设备的腔体中，电子设备的后盖受到的气流冲击减弱，振幅降低，从而抑制了后盖的振动。另一方面在靠近泄漏孔的位置设置网布，网布可以起到防尘作用，防止手机的腔体内的异物或灰尘进入后音腔内。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述阻尼组件包括第一网布和第二网布，所述第一网布设在所述泄漏孔上，所述第二网布与所述壳体的内壁相连，所述第一网布和所述第二网布之 间具有缓冲空间。
通过设置两层网布，两层网布之间存在缓冲空间，这样后音腔内形成的气流需经过两层网布和缓冲空间进入到电子设备的腔体内，使得气流以更低流速进入电子设备的腔体中，手机的后盖受到的气流冲击减弱，振幅降低，从而抑制了后盖的振动。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述缓冲空间内设置吸音材料，所述吸音材料包括吸音颗粒、吸音棉和吸音板中的一种或多种。
通过在缓冲空间内设置吸音材料，这样气流进入缓冲空间内后，吸音材料对气流起到一定阻碍，使得气流在传递过程中与吸音材料之间存在摩擦，摩擦使得部分声能转化为热能而被吸音材料吸收，这样气流的声能被损耗，气流的流速降低，从而确保了气流以低流速的状态进入到手机的腔体内，这样后盖受到的气流冲击减弱，后盖不易发生壳振，用户手持手机时不易感受到震感。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述壳体内设有至少一个隔板，所述隔板将所述壳体的内部空间分割为所述前音腔和所述后音腔，所述发声单元穿设在所述隔板上。
通过隔板可以将发声器件的壳体内部分割为前音腔和后音腔，另外，隔板的设置可以实现的发声单元在壳体内的安装。
本申请实施例第二方面提供一种电子设备，至少包括显示屏、中框、后盖和上述任一所述的发声器件，所述显示屏和所述后盖分别位于所述中框的两侧，所述发声器件位于所述后盖和所述中框围成的腔体中，所述发声器件的前音腔与所述中框的边框上开设的音孔连通，所述发声器件的后音腔与所述腔体连通。
通过包括上述发声器件，这样避免了电子设备外放功能启动后电子设备后盖振动而导致用户手持电子设备时震感强烈的问题，改善了用户手持体验。
本申请实施例第三方面提供一种电子设备，至少包括显示屏、后盖和上述任一所述的发声器件，所述发声器件位于所述后盖和所述显示屏围成的腔体中，所述发声器件的前音腔与所述后盖的侧边框上开设的音孔连通，所述发声器件的后音腔与所述腔体连通。
通过包括上述发声器件，这样避免了电子设备外放功能启动后电子设备后盖振动而导致用户手持电子设备时震感强烈的问题，改善了用户手持体验。
在一种可能的实现方式中，还包括：密封件，所述密封件位于所述出音孔和所述音孔的外边缘之间，所述密封件将所述发声器件的前音腔与所述电子设备内的腔体隔开。
这样使得前音腔与手机内部的腔体相互独立，相互不连通，发声单元振膜振动产生的气流经过出音孔和第一音孔向外传递出去，避免发声单元产生的气流经过出音孔后进入电子设备内部的腔体而导致电子设备的外放效果不佳的问题。
附图说明
图1为本申请一实施例提供的电子设备的立体结构示意图；
图2为本申请一实施例提供的电子设备的爆炸结构示意图；
图3为本申请一实施例提供的电子设备的又一立体结构示意图；
图4为本申请一实施例提供的电子设备的中框与发声器件的结构示意图；
图5为本申请一实施例提供的电子设备的发声器件在中框上安装的结构示意图；
图6A为本申请一实施例提供的电子设备的发声器件与中框、后盖和显示屏的剖面结 构示意图；
图6B为本申请一实施例提供的电子设备的发声器件与中框、后盖和显示屏的剖面结构示意图；
图7为本申请一实施例提供的电子设备的发声器件与中框、后盖和显示屏的剖面结构示意图；
图8为本申请一实施例提供的电子设备的发声器件与中框、后盖和显示屏的剖面结构示意图；
图9为本申请一实施例提供的电子设备的发声器件与中框、后盖和显示屏的剖面结构示意图；
图10为本申请一实施例提供的电子设备的发声器件与中框、后盖和显示屏的剖面结构示意图。
附图标记说明：
100-手机；101-腔体；10-显示屏；20-中框；25-金属中板；21-右边框；22-底边框；221-第一音孔；222-电源接口；223-第二音孔；23-左边框；24-顶边框；30-电路板；40-电池；50-发声器件；51-壳体；511-前音腔；5111-出音孔；512-后音腔；5121-泄漏孔；513-密封件；514-竖向隔板；515-横向隔板；52-发声单元；53、54、55-阻尼组件；531-第一导向板；5311-第一流通间隙；532-第二导向板；5321-第二流通间隙；53a-上导向板；53b-下导向板；53c-流通口；551-第一网布；552-第二网布；553-缓冲空间；554-吸音颗粒；555-吸音棉；60-后盖。
具体实施方式
本申请的实施方式部分使用的术语仅用于对本申请的具体实施例进行解释，而非旨在限定本申请，下面将结合附图对本申请实施例的实施方式进行详细描述。
本申请实施例提供一种电子设备，包括但不限于为手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、超级移动个人计算机(ultra-mobile personal computer，UMPC)、手持计算机、对讲机、上网本、POS机、个人数字助理(personal digital assistant，PDA)、行车记录仪、可穿戴设备、虚拟现实设备、蓝牙音响/耳机、或车载前装等具有外放功能的移动或固定终端。
本申请实施例中，以手机100为上述电子设备为例进行说明，图1-图2分别示出了手机100的整体结构和拆分结构，参见如图2所示，手机100可以包括：显示屏10和后盖60，显示屏10与后盖60之间可以设置中框20、电路板30和电池40。其中，电路板30和电池40可以设置在中框20上，例如，电路板30与电池40设置在中框20朝向后盖60的一面上；或者电路板30与电池40可以设置在中框20朝向显示屏10的一面上。
本申请实施例中，电池40在中框20上设置时，例如，中框20朝向的后盖60的一面上可以设置电池仓，电池40安装在中框20上的电池仓内(如图2中的虚线框所示)。本申请实施例中，电池40可以通过电源管理模块与充电管理模块和电路板30相连，电源管理模块接收电池40和/或充电管理模块的输入，并为处理器、内部存储器、外部存储器、显示屏10、摄像头以及通信模块等供电。电源管理模块还可以用于监测电池40容量，电池40循环次数，电池40健康状态(漏电，阻抗)等参数。在其他一些实施例中，电源管理模块也可以设置于电路板30的处理器中。在另一些实施例中，电源管理模块和充电管理 模块也可以设置于同一个器件中。
本申请实施例中，显示屏10可以为有机发光二极管(Organic Light-Emitting Diode，OLED)显示屏，也可以为液晶显示屏(Liquid Crystal Display，LCD)。应当理解的是，显示屏10可以包括显示器和触控器件，显示器用于向用户输出显示内容，触控器件用于接收用户在显示屏10上输入的触摸事件。
本申请实施例中，后盖60可以为金属盖，也可以为玻璃盖，还可以为塑料盖，或者，还可以为陶瓷盖，本申请实施例中，对后盖60材质不作限定。
本申请实施例中，如图2所示，中框20可以包括金属中板25和边框，边框沿着金属中板25的外周设置一周，例如，边框可以包括相对设置顶边框24和底边框22，以及位于顶边框24和底边框22之间且相对设置的左边框23和右边框21。其中，各个边框与金属中板25之间的连接方式包括但不限于为焊接、卡接和一体注塑成型。
其中，金属中板25的材料可以为铝或铝合金，或者，金属中板25的材料可以为不锈钢材料。需要说明的是，金属中板25的材料包括但不限于为上述材料。
其中，各个边框(顶边框24、底边框22、左边框23和右边框21)可以为金属边框，也可以为玻璃边框，还可以为塑胶边框或陶瓷边框。
需要说明的是，在其他一些示例中，手机100可以包括显示屏10和后盖，该后盖可以为图2中的后盖60和边框(即顶边框24、底边框22、左边框23和右边框21组成的边框)形成的一体成型(Unibody)后盖。电路板30和电池40位于显示屏10和该后盖围成的腔体中。
可以理解的是，本申请实施例示意的结构并不构成对手机100的具体限定。在本申请另一些实施例中，手机100可以包括比图示更多或更少的部件，或者组合某些部件，或者拆分某些部件，或者不同的部件布置。例如手机100还可以包括摄像头(例如前置摄像头和后置摄像头)和闪光灯等器件。
下面以图2所示的手机结构为例，针对场景一、场景二和场景三，分别对手机100的结构进行描述。
场景一
本申请实施例中，为了实现手机100的外放功能，如图2所示，手机100可以还包括：发声器件50，发声器件50可以将音频电信号转换为声音信号，手机100可以通过发声器件50播放音乐，或实现免提通话。发声器件50可以设在中框20朝向后盖60的一面上。参见图3所示，手机100的底边框22上开设与发声器件50的出音孔5111(参见图6A)连通的第一音孔221，这样发声器件50产生的声音可以从第一音孔221向外传递，实现外放功能。需要说明的是，本申请实施例中，第一音孔221的数量包括但不限于为图3示出的7个音孔，例如第一音孔221的数量还可以大于或小于7个。
其中，本申请实施例中，手机100内还设置麦克风(未示出)，也即话筒，麦克风用于将声音信号转换为电信号，当拨打电话或发送语音信息时，用户可以通过人嘴靠近麦克风发声，将声音信号输入到麦克风。本申请实施例中，如图3所示，底边框22上还开设与麦克风相对的第二音孔223，这样外界声音可以通过第二音孔223输入到麦克风。如图3所示，底边框22上还开设位于第一音孔221和第二音孔223之间的电源接口222，电源接口222可以为USB Type-C接口，或者Micro USB接口。
应当理解的是，第一音孔221、第二音孔223和电源接口222的开设位置包括但不限于为图3所示的底边框22位置，在一些其他示例中，第一音孔221、第二音孔223和电源接口222的位置可以根据实际需求进行调整。其中，本申请实施例中，手机100可以设置至少一个麦克风，在一些实施例中，手机100可以设置手机100可以设置两个麦克风，除了采集声音信号，还可以实现降噪功能。在另一些实施例中，手机100还可以设置三个，四个或更多麦克风，实现采集声音信号，降噪，还可以识别声音来源，实现定向录音功能等。
其中，本申请实施例中，发声器件50和麦克风可以通过音频模块与电路板30上的处理器电性相连，这样发声器件50、麦克风、音频模块和处理器等实现音频功能，例如音乐播放、录音等。音频模块可以设置在处理器中，或者音频模块的部分功能设置于处理器中，音频模块可以将数字音频信息转换成模拟音频信号输出，也用于将模拟音频输入转换为数字音频信号，还可以用于对音频信号编码和解码。
本申请实施例中，图4和图5示出了中框20与发声器件50的装配示意图，如图4所示，发声器件50靠近底边框22开设第一音孔221的位置设置，装配后，如图5所示，发声器件50可以固定在金属中板25朝向后盖60的一面上，发声器件50开设出音孔5111的一面朝向底边框22的内表面，发声器件50的出音孔5111与第一音孔221相连通。
本申请实施例中，如图6A所示，发声器件50可以包括壳体51(Box)和设在壳体51内的发声单元52。壳体51内具有腔体，腔体被分割为相互独立的前音腔511和后音腔512，发声单元52的一端位于所述前音腔511中，发声单元52的另一端位于后音腔512中，例如，发声单元52的前端位于前音腔511中，发声单元52的后端位于后音腔512中。这样发声单元52产生的气流进入前音腔511通过出音孔5111和第一音孔221向外传递，气流进入后音腔512经过泄漏孔5121进入手机100内的腔体101中。
本申请实施例中，发声单元52可以为扬声器(Speaker)，例如，发声单元52可以包括：音圈(也即线圈)、磁铁和振膜，发声原理为：电流流过音圈，使得音圈产生的磁场发生变化，磁铁和音圈之间的磁力发生变化，磁铁和音圈的距离会发生变化，这样带动振膜振动，发出声音。本申请实施例中，为了达到更好的外放效果，可以选用更大振幅或能产生更大驱动力的发声单元52。需要说明的是，发声单元52包括但不限于为上述音圈、磁铁和振膜，还可以包括支架和定位器件。
本申请实施例中，如图6A所示，壳体51上开设与前音腔511连通的出音孔5111，例如，壳体51与底边框22相对的侧壁上开设出音孔5111，出音孔5111与第一音孔221相对，其中，本申请实施例中，壳体51上开设的出音孔5111可以为一个，也可以为多个，需要说明的是，当壳体51上开设一个出音孔5111时，出音孔5111向底边框22上的投影面积可以覆盖所有的第一音孔221。当壳体51上开设多个出音孔5111时，多个出音孔5111可以与多个第一音孔221一一对应，或者一个出音孔5111可以与多个第一音孔221对应。本申请实施例中，出音孔5111的设置数量具体根据实际需求进行设置。本申请实施例中，壳体51可以为塑料壳体。
本申请实施例中，出音孔5111与第一音孔221连通时，为了避免前音腔511与手机100内部的腔体101连通，所以，如图6A所示，壳体51上出音孔5111的外边缘与底边框22上多个第一音孔221的外边缘之间设置密封件513，这样使得前音腔511与手机100内 部的腔体101隔开，相互不连通，发声单元52振膜振动产生的气流经过出音孔5111和第一音孔221向外传递出去，避免发声单元52产生的气流经过出音孔5111后进入手机100内部的腔体101而导致发声器件50的外放效果不佳的问题。
本申请实施例中，密封件513可以为密封圈，或者密封件513可以为密封胶，采用密封胶时，密封胶不易起到密封作用，起到将壳体51与底边框22固定的作用。另外，本申请实施例中，当壳体51的出音孔5111外边缘与底边框22之间设置密封件513时，此时外界的水汽或杂质在密封件513的阻碍下不易进入到手机100内部。
其中，本申请实施例中，为了扩大后音腔512的体积而使得发声器件50的低频效果更佳，所以，壳体51上开设可将后音腔512和手机100内部的腔体101连通的泄漏孔5121，这样发声器件50的后音腔512与手机100内部的腔体101相连通，手机100内部的腔体101可以作为发声器件50的后音腔512，从而使得发声器件50后音腔512的体积增大，当后音腔512增大时，声阻越小，低频约容易出来，所以这样确保了发声器件50的低频低(＜650Hz)，低频下潜大，动态好且功耗低。
其中，本申请实施例中，手机100内部的腔体101具体为后盖60的内表面、金属中板25朝向后盖60的一面以及位于后盖60和金属中板25之间的边框内表面共同围成的腔体。壳体51内的腔体分割成前音腔511和后音腔512时，具体可以通过图6A中的横向隔板515和竖向隔板514将壳体51的腔体分割为前音腔511和后音腔512。发声单元52在壳体51内设置时，可以在横向隔板515上开设安装口，发声单元52可以横向安装在安装口上，发声单元52的一端位于前音腔511内，发声单元52的另一端位于后音腔512内。在一些其他实施例中，发声单元52也可以竖向安装在壳体51的腔体中。
其中，当壳体51上开设泄漏孔5121时，发声单元52的振膜振动产生的气流经过泄漏孔5121会作用到后盖60上，而厚度较薄的后盖60在气流作用下易发生壳振，使得用户手持手机100时震感强烈，不利于用户的体验。
基于上述描述，本申请实施例中，为了抑制发声器件50产生的气流作用于后盖60而导致后盖60振动的现象，发声器件50可以还包括：阻尼组件53，阻尼组件53可以靠近泄漏孔5121设置，例如，阻尼组件53可以设在后音腔512内且靠近泄漏孔5121，或者阻尼组件53可以设在泄漏孔5121上。本申请实施例中，阻尼组件53可以形成将后音腔512和腔体101连通的气流通道(图6A中虚线箭头所示)，这样后音腔512内产生的气流通过气流通道进入腔体101中。所以，本申请实施例中，后音腔512内发声单元52的振膜振动产生的气流需经过阻尼组件53进入腔体101，气流经过阻尼组件53时，阻尼组件53可以对发声器件50后音腔512内产生的气流起到降速作用，使得气流以低流速的状态进入手机100内部的腔体101内，这样气流对于厚度较薄的后盖60的冲击减弱，振幅降低，从而达到抑制或减轻后盖60壳振的作用，改善用户手持体验。
因此，本申请实施例提供的电子设备，通过发声器件50还包括阻尼组件53，阻尼组件53靠近泄漏孔5121设置，这样阻尼组件53可以对后音腔512中的气流起到降速作用，使得气流以低流速的状态从泄漏孔5121进入手机100内部的腔体101内，这样气流进入到手机100内部的腔体101后，对于厚度较薄的后盖60的冲击减弱，振幅降低，从而达到抑制后盖60的壳振，用户手持手机100时不易感受到震感，改善用户手持体验。所以本申请实施例提供的电子设备，在确保发声器件50低频下潜大的基础上抑制壳振，解决 了现有手机100的后盖60由于气流冲击发生壳振而造成用户手持手机100时震感强烈的问题。
在一种可能的实现方式中，
本申请实施例中，阻尼组件53可以包括至少一个导向板，示例性的，如图6A所示，阻尼组件53可以包括两个导向板，分别为第一导向板531和第二导向板532，第一导向板531和第二导向板532间隔设在后音腔512内，第一导向板531靠近泄漏孔5121设置，第一导向板531、第二导向板532以及壳体51的部分内壁围成气流通道(参见图6A中虚线箭头所示)，气流通道的一端通过泄漏孔5121与手机100内的腔体101连通，气流通道的另一端与后音腔512连通，这样后音腔512内的气流经过气流通道传递到泄漏孔5121，气流通道延长了气流到达泄漏孔5121的路径，从而使得后音腔512内的气流到达泄漏孔5121时，气流以低流速的状态进入手机100内的腔体101中，这样对后盖60的冲击减弱，振幅降低，达到抑制后盖60壳振的作用，改善用户手持体验。
本申请实施例中，第一导向板531和第二导向板532在后音腔512内设置时，如图6A所示，泄漏孔5121可以开设在后音腔512的侧壁顶端处，为了延长气流到达泄漏孔5121的传输路径，例如，第一导向板531和第二导向板532可以位于图6A中壳体51的内底壁和内顶壁之间，第一导向板531的一端与壳体51的内顶壁相连(即壳体51内靠近显示屏10的内壁)，第一导向板531的另一端悬空设置，第一导向板531的另一端与壳体51的内底壁之间存在第一流通间隙5311。第二导向板532的一端与壳体51的内底壁相连(即壳体51内靠近后盖60的内壁)，第二导向板532的另一端悬空设置，第二导向板532的另一端与内顶壁之间存在第二流通间隙5321，这样第一流通间隙5311远离泄漏孔5121，第二流通间隙5321远离第一流通间隙5311，从而使得第一导向板531、第二导向板532与壳体51的部分内壁之间围成路径较长的气流通道，后音腔512中的气流经过气流通道使得气流以低流速的状态进入手机100的腔体101(如图6A中的虚线箭头所示)，这样后盖60受到的冲击减弱，从而达到抑制后盖60振动的作用。
在一种可能的实现方式中，如图6B所示，第二导向板532的两端可以分别与壳体51的内壁相连，例如，第二导向板532的一端与壳体51靠近后盖60的内壁相连，第二导向板532的另一端与壳体51靠近显示屏10的内壁相连。第二导向板532上开设流通口53c，流通口53c将第二导向板532分割为上导向板53a和下导向板53b。其中，为了延长气流通道的路径，第一导向板531与后音腔512内壁之间的第一流通间隙5311、流通口53c以及泄漏孔5121之间相互远离设置，例如，第一导向板531与后音腔512内壁之间的流通间隙可以远离泄漏孔5121设置，第二导向板532上的流通口53c远离第一流通间隙5311设置。这样形成路径较长的气流通道，从而对气流起到更好的减速目的。
当然，本申请实施例中，第一导向板531的两端也可以与壳体51内相对的两个内壁相连，例如，第一导向板531的一端与壳体51靠近后盖60的内壁相连，第一导向板531的另一端与壳体51靠近显示屏10的内壁相连。第一导向板531上可以开设流通口53c。第一导向板531被分割成上下两个导向板。
本申请实施例中，需要说明的是，阻尼组件53可以包括但不限于为上述第一导向板531和第二导向板532，例如，还可以包括第三导向板或第四导向板，其中，导向板的设置数量可以根据实际需求进行设置。第一导向板531和第二导向板532可以如图6A所示 为竖直板，当然，在一些其他示例中，第一导向板531和第二导向板532还可以为弧形板，这样可以进一步地延长气流到达泄漏孔5121的传输路径，从而对后音腔512内的气流达到更好的减速作用。
本申请实施例中，第一导向板531和第二导向板532可以为塑料板，例如，第一导向板531和第二导向板532可以为塑胶板。当然，第一导向板531和第二导向板532的材料包括但不限于为塑料板。本申请实施例中，第一导向板531和第二导向板532之间的间隙宽度以及第一导向板531和第二导向板532的厚度根据实际需求进行设定。第一导向板531和第二导向板532与壳体51的内壁连接时，第一导向板531和第二导向板532与壳体51的内壁之间可以通过粘合、热熔或注塑方式固定连接。
场景二
本申请实施例中，参见图7所示，发声器件50可以包括：阻尼组件54，阻尼组件54可以设在泄漏孔5121上。本申请实施例中，阻尼组件54可以包括至少一层防水透气膜，防水透气膜设在泄漏孔5121上，防水透气膜中的透气孔将后音腔512和腔体101连通，防水透气膜中的透气孔对后音腔512内产生的气流起到降速的作用。示例性的，如图7所示，阻尼组件54包括一层防水透气膜，气流经过泄漏孔5121时，防水透气膜对气流起到减速作用，这样气流的传输速度降低，使得气流以低流速的状态进入手机100的内部，这样后盖60受到的气流冲击减弱，振幅降低，从而抑制了后盖60的振动，改善用户手持手机100时的体验。另外，阻尼组件54包括防水透气膜时，防水透气膜可以起到防水作用，这样手机100内的腔体101内存在水汽或液体时，在防水透气膜的阻碍下，水汽或液体不易进入到后音腔512内，从而避免了水汽或液体对发声单元52性能的影响。
本申请实施例中，防水透气膜的数量包括但不限于为一层，还可以为多层，多层防水透气膜可以间隔设在泄漏孔5121处。防水透气膜在泄漏孔5121安装时，防水透气膜可以通过粘合、热熔或注塑方式固定在泄漏孔5121处。
场景三
本申请实施例中，发声器件50可以包括：阻尼组件55，阻尼组件55可以包括至少一层网布(Mesh)。示例性的，如图8所示，阻尼组件55包括两层网布，分别为第一网布551和第二网布552，其中，第一网布551与壳体51的内壁相连，第二网布552安装在泄漏孔5121处，第一网布551与第二网布552之间存在缓冲空间553，这样后音腔512内发声单元52产生的气流经过第二网布552、缓冲空间553和第一网布551后进入手机100内的腔体101中，第二网布552、缓冲空间553和第一网布551对气流起到减速作用，使得气流的流速降低，这样气流以低流速的状态进入到手机100内的腔体101中，手机100的后盖60受到的气流冲击减弱，振幅降低，从而抑制了后盖60的振动，改善用户手持手机100时的体验。
因此，本申请实施例提供的第一网布551和第二网布552，一方面可以起到对气流减速的作用，使得气流以低流速的状态进入到手机100内的腔体101中，手机100的后盖60受到的气流冲击减弱，振幅降低，从而抑制了后盖60的振动。另一方面在靠近泄漏孔5121的位置设置第一网布551和第二网布552，第一网布551和第二网布552可以起到防尘作 用，防止手机100的腔体101内的异物进入后音腔512内。
本申请实施例中，第一网布551和第二网布552可以通过粘合、热熔或注塑方式设在后音腔512内和泄漏孔5121上。
在一种可能的实现方式中，为了进一步地降低气流进入手机100内时的流速，可以在第一网布551和第二网布552之间的缓冲空间553内设置吸音材料，示例性的，如图9所示，第一网布551和第二网布552之间的缓冲空间553内设置的吸音材料为吸音颗粒554，吸音颗粒554填充在缓冲空间553内，这样气流进入缓冲空间553内后，吸音材料对气流起到一定阻碍，使得气流在传递过程中与吸音材料之间存在摩擦，摩擦使得部分声能转化为热能而被吸音材料吸收，这样气流的声能被损耗，气流的流速降低，从而确保了气流以低流速的状态进入到手机100的腔体101内，这样后盖60受到的气流冲击减弱，后盖60不易发生壳振，用户手持手机100时不易感受到震感。
在一种可能的实现方式中，如图10所示，第一网布551和第二网布552之间的缓冲空间553内设置的吸音材料为吸音棉555，吸音棉555填充在缓冲空间553内，这样气流进入缓冲空间553内后，吸音棉555对气流的传输起到一定阻碍，气流在传递过程中与吸音棉555中的小孔之间存在摩擦，摩擦使得部分声能转化为热能而被吸音棉555吸收，这样气流的声能被损耗，气流的流速降低，从而确保了气流以低流速的状态进入到手机100的腔体101内，这样后盖60受到的气流冲击减弱，后盖60不易发生壳振，用户手持手机100时不易感受到震感。本申请实施例中，吸音棉555可以为矿棉、玻璃棉或者毛毯等。
在一些其他实施例中，第一网布551和第二网布552之间的缓冲空间553内设置的吸音材料可以包括但不限于为上述吸音颗粒554和吸音棉555，还可以为多孔的木丝吸音板或者无机泡沫吸音材料等。
在本申请实施例的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应作广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或者两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
本申请实施例的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”、“第四”等(如果存在)是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请实施例的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请实施例进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请实施例各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种发声器件，应用于具有腔体和音孔的电子设备中，其特征在于，所述发声器件包括：壳体和设在壳体内的发声单元，所述壳体内具有相互独立的前音腔和后音腔，所述发声单元的一端位于所述前音腔中，所述发声单元的另一端位于后音腔中；
    所述壳体上开设出音孔和泄漏孔，所述前音腔通过所述出音孔与所述电子设备的音孔连通，所述后音腔通过所述泄漏孔与所述电子设备的腔体连通；
    还包括：阻尼组件，所述阻尼组件位于所述后音腔内且靠近所述泄漏孔设置，所述阻尼组件用于形成将所述后音腔和所述电子设备的腔体连通的气流通道。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的发声器件，其特征在于，所述阻尼组件包括至少一个导向板，所述导向板的至少一端与所述壳体的内壁相连，所述导向板与所述壳体的部分内壁围成所述气流通道。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的发声器件，其特征在于，所述阻尼组件包括第一导向板和第二导向板，所述第一导向板靠近所述泄漏孔；
    所述第一导向板的一端与所述壳体靠近所述电子设备显示屏的内壁相连，所述第一导向板的另一端悬空设置；
    所述第二导向板的一端与所述壳体靠近所述电子设备后盖的内壁相连，所述第二导向板的另一端悬空设置。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的发声器件，其特征在于，所述阻尼组件包括第一导向板和第二导向板，所述第一导向板靠近所述泄漏孔；
    所述第一导向板的一端与所述壳体靠近所述电子设备显示屏的内壁相连，所述第一导向板的另一端与所述壳体靠近所述电子设备后盖的内壁相连；
    所述第二导向板的一端与所述壳体靠近所述电子设备后盖的内壁相连，所述第二导向板的另一端与所述壳体靠近所述电子设备显示屏的内壁相连；
    所述第一导向板上开设第一流通口，所述第二导向板上开设第二流通口，所述第一流通口远离所述泄漏孔设置，所述第二流通口远离所述第一流通口。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的发声器件，其特征在于，所述阻尼组件包括至少一层防水透气膜，所述防水透气膜设置在所述泄漏孔上。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的发声器件，其特征在于，所述阻尼组件包括至少一层网布，所述网布设置在所述泄漏孔上，或者，所述网布与所述壳体的内壁相连。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的发声器件，其特征在于，所述阻尼组件包括第一网布和第二网布，所述第一网布设在所述泄漏孔上，所述第二网布与所述壳体的内壁相连，所述第一网布和所述第二网布之间具有缓冲空间。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的发声器件，其特征在于，所述缓冲空间内设置吸音材料，所述吸音材料包括吸音颗粒、吸音棉和吸音板中的一种或多种。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一所述的发声器件，其特征在于，所述壳体内设有至少一个隔板，所述隔板将所述壳体的内部空间分割为所述前音腔和所述后音腔，所述发声单元穿设在所述隔板上。
  10. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，至少包括显示屏、中框、后盖和上述权利要求1-9任一所述的发声器件，所述显示屏和所述后盖分别位于所述中框的两侧，所述发声器件位 于所述后盖和所述中框围成的腔体中，所述发声器件的前音腔与所述中框的边框上开设的音孔连通，所述发声器件的后音腔与所述腔体连通。
  11. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，至少包括显示屏、后盖和上述权利要求1-9任一所述的发声器件，所述发声器件位于所述后盖和所述显示屏围成的腔体中，所述发声器件的前音腔与所述后盖的侧边框上开设的音孔连通，所述发声器件的后音腔与所述腔体连通。
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