WO2021049418A1

WO2021049418A1 - Construction machine

Info

Publication number: WO2021049418A1
Application number: PCT/JP2020/033486
Authority: WO
Inventors: 洸人稲積
Original assignee: ヤンマーパワーテクノロジー株式会社
Priority date: 2019-09-12
Filing date: 2020-09-03
Publication date: 2021-03-18
Also published as: JP2021042723A

Abstract

This construction machine is provided with: an actuator (60) that uses, as a driving source, pressure oil which is pressure-fed from hydraulic pumps (61, 62); a solenoid valve (67) serving as an inhibition device that inhibits driving of the actuator (60) by cutting off the pressure oil pressure-fed to the actuator (60); an operation detection device (68) that detects whether the actuator (60) has been operated; a seating detection device (58) that detects seating on a driver's seat; and an integrated ECU (7) serving as a control device that performs control to automatically stop an engine (60), if a state where the operation detection device (68) detects that non-operation of the actuator (60) continues for a prescribed period, the seating detection device (58) detects seating on the driver's seat, and driving of the actuator (60) is inhibited by the solenoid valve (67).

Description

Construction machinery

This disclosure relates to construction machinery.

Patent Document 1 describes a construction machine that automatically stops the engine (auto-idling stop) when a predetermined grace period has elapsed since the operating means is no longer operated and the operator is getting off. There is. Patent Document 2 describes a construction machine that issues an alarm when the duration of the idling stop state reaches a predetermined time and prompts an operator to perform a manual operation for cutting off the power supply from the battery.

By the way, in the work of construction machinery, there are many opportunities for the operator to stand by in the driver's seat without any operation. For example, in the work of loading soil excavated by a hydraulic excavator (an example of a construction machine) onto a truck, a waiting time of the hydraulic excavator occurs while the loaded soil is being moved by the truck. However, since the construction machine described in Patent Document 1 is based on the premise that the operator is getting off, the auto idling stop is not performed in such a situation, and it is not possible to sufficiently respond to the request for improving fuel efficiency.

Further, when the construction machine described in Patent Document 1 stops auto-idling, the operator cannot recognize the remaining battery level, which may cause the battery to run down. Even if a function for issuing an alarm as in Patent Document 2 is installed, it cannot be dealt with unless there is an operator on the spot. As a method of preventing the battery from running down, it is conceivable to prohibit the use of battery power, but if this makes electronic devices such as lighting unusable, convenience will be impaired.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-307142 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2012-911707

The present disclosure has focused on the above problems, and an object of the present disclosure is to provide a construction machine capable of performing auto idling stop while maintaining convenience with less concern about running out of battery. ..

The construction machine of the present disclosure drives the actuator by shutting off a hydraulic pump driven by an engine, an actuator using pressure oil pumped from the hydraulic pump as a drive source, and pressure oil pumped to the actuator. A prohibition device for prohibiting operation, an operation detection device for detecting the presence / absence of operation of the actuator, a seating detection device for detecting the presence / absence of seating in the driver's seat, and a state in which the operation detection device detects no operation of the actuator. A control device that controls to automatically stop the engine when the seating detection device detects seating in the driver's seat for a predetermined time and the drive of the actuator is prohibited by the prohibition device. And.

According to the above configuration, there is less concern about running out of battery, and auto idling stop can be performed while maintaining convenience.

It is a left side view of a hydraulic excavator which is an example of a construction machine. It is a top view of the hydraulic excavator. It is a perspective view which shows the periphery of a driver's seat. It is a figure which shows the main part of the hydraulic circuit mounted on a hydraulic excavator. It is a block diagram which shows the process of auto idling stop. It is a figure which shows the main part of the electric circuit of the power supply system including a battery. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the process about the auto idling stop.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the present disclosure, a hydraulic excavator (backhoe) is illustrated as an example of a construction machine, but the present invention is not limited to this.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the hydraulic excavator 1 includes a lower traveling body 2, an upper rotating body 3 rotatably supported by the lower traveling body 2, and a working machine attached to the upper rotating body 3. 4 and. In the present embodiment, the hydraulic excavator 1 has a so-called boom swing function of swinging the work machine 4 left and right with respect to the upper swing body 3, but is not limited to this. Generally, the boom swing function is installed in a mini excavator (small hydraulic excavator) used for construction in a narrow space.

The lower traveling body 2 is driven by receiving power from the engine 30 to drive the hydraulic excavator 1. The lower traveling body 2 includes a pair of left and

right crawlers

21L and 21R, and traveling

motors

22L and 22R for driving them. The

traveling motors

22L and 22R are traveling actuators for driving the lower traveling body 2, and are each composed of a hydraulic motor. Further, the lower traveling body 2 is provided with a pair of

blade arms

23, 23, a blade 24 as a soil removal plate extending in the left-right direction between the tips thereof, and an actuator for rotating the blade 24 up and down. A certain blade cylinder 25 is provided. The blade cylinder 25 is composed of a hydraulic cylinder.

The upper swivel body 3 includes a swivel frame 31 in which a cabin 50 or the like is installed, and a swivel motor 32 that swivels and drives the swivel frame 31. The swivel motor 32 is a swivel actuator that drives the upper swivel body 3, and is composed of a hydraulic motor. The upper swivel body 3 is formed in a substantially disk shape in a plan view that can swivel within the lateral width of the lower traveling body 2 (the distance between the outer edge of the crawler 21L on the left side and the outer edge of the crawler 21R on the right side). .. An engine 30, a hydraulic pump (variable-capacity pump 61 and fixed-capacity pump 62, which will be described later), a counterweight 33, and the like are arranged at the rear of the upper swing body 3.

The work machine 4 is driven by receiving power from the engine 30, and excavates earth and sand according to the operation of the control unit 5. The work machine 4 has a boom 41, an arm 42, a bucket 43 which is an attachment for excavation, and a work actuator for driving the work machine 4. Specifically, the working actuators are a boom cylinder 41c, an arm cylinder 42c, a bucket cylinder 43c and a swing cylinder 45, which will be described later, and these are composed of a hydraulic cylinder. The work machine 4 swings in conjunction with the horizontal rotation of the boom bracket 41b, and moves horizontally relative to the upper swing body 3.

The boom 41 extends in the vertical direction from the base end portion supported by the boom bracket 41b, and is bent in a boomerang shape in a side view. The boom 41 is attached to the boom bracket 41b so that it can rotate up and down (rotate back and forth). The base end portion of the boom 41 is supported so as to be rotatable up and down around the pivot pin 41a. A boom cylinder 41c that can be expanded and contracted is provided between the boom bracket 41b and the middle portion of the boom 41. The vertical rotation of the boom 41 with respect to the boom bracket 41b operates according to the expansion and contraction of the boom cylinder 41c.

The boom bracket 41b is attached to the front end of the upper swing body 3 so as to be horizontally rotatable (swing) via the boom bracket mounting portion 34. The boom bracket 41b is supported so as to be horizontally rotatable about a pivot pin 34a provided on the boom bracket mounting portion 34. A swing cylinder 45 that expands and contracts in the front-rear direction is provided between the upper swing body 3 and the boom bracket 41b. The horizontal rotation of the boom bracket 41b operates according to the expansion and contraction of the swing cylinder 45.

The arm 42 is attached to the boom 41 so that it can rotate up and down (rotate back and forth). The base end portion of the arm 42 is supported so as to be rotatable up and down around the pivot pin 42a. An arm cylinder 42c that can be expanded and contracted is provided between the middle portion of the boom 41 and the base end portion of the arm 42. The vertical rotation of the arm 42 with respect to the boom 41 operates according to the expansion and contraction of the arm cylinder 42c.

The bucket 43 is attached to the arm 42 so as to be vertically rotatable. The base end portion of the bucket 43 is supported so as to be freely rotated up and down (rotated back and forth) about the pivot pin 43a. A bucket link 44 that transmits a driving force to the bucket 43 is interposed between the tip of the arm 42 and the bucket 43. A bucket cylinder 43c that can be expanded and contracted is provided between the bucket link 44 and the base end portion of the arm 42. The vertical rotation of the bucket 43 with respect to the arm 42 operates according to the expansion and contraction of the bucket cylinder 43c.

The control unit 5 is provided above the upper swivel body 3. In the present embodiment, the control unit 5 is surrounded by the cabin 50, but the present invention is not limited to this. As shown in FIG. 3, the control unit 5 has a driver's seat 51 for the operator to sit on, a traveling lever 52 located in front of the driver's seat 51 (see FIG. 1), and a position on the side of the driver's seat 51. A work operation lever 53 is installed. The operator can control the engine 30 and each actuator by operating the traveling lever 52, the working operation lever 53, and the like while sitting in the driver's seat 51, and can perform traveling, turning, and operating the work machine 4.

The work operation lever 53 is attached to the upper part of a pair of console boxes 54 arranged on the left and right sides of the driver's seat 51. A cut-off lever 55 that rotates up and down is provided in the lower front portion of the console box 54. The work operation lever 53 and the cutoff lever 55 are arranged so as to extend forward and prevent the operator from leaving the driver's seat 51. When the cutoff lever 55 is pulled up, the console box 54 rotates rearward in conjunction with the pulling up, so that the operator can get on and off from the driver's seat 51 without any problem.

Inside the console box 54, there is a link mechanism (not shown) that rotates the console box 54 in conjunction with the pulling operation of the cutoff lever 55, and a cutoff switch 56 that detects the rotation position of the cutoff lever 55. And are provided. The cutoff switch 56 is turned on when the cutoff lever 55 is pushed down (rotated downward), and turned off when the cutoff lever 55 is pulled up (rotated upward). Become in a state.

When the cutoff switch 56 is turned on by pushing down the cutoff lever 55, the solenoid valve 67 described later becomes energized and the actuator 60 described later can be driven. On the other hand, when the cutoff switch 56 is turned off by the pulling operation of the cutoff lever 55, the solenoid valve 67 is de-energized and the pilot oil passage in the hydraulic circuit 6 described later is cut off. As a result, the operation of the actuator 60 is restricted, and even if the traveling lever 52 or the like is operated, the actuator 60 becomes inoperable.

In the present embodiment, the seat belt 57 for fixing the operator's body to the driver's seat 51 is equipped. The seat belt 57 is configured as a two-point belt that is fixed only in the vicinity of the operator's abdomen, but the present invention is not limited to this, and a three-point belt may be used. When getting off the hydraulic excavator 1, the operator pulls up the cutoff lever 55 to make the actuator inoperable, disengages the seatbelt 57, and then leaves the driver's seat 51.

FIG. 4 shows a main part of the hydraulic circuit 6 mounted on the hydraulic excavator 1 of the present embodiment. The hydraulic excavator 1 includes a variable displacement pump 61 and a fixed displacement pump 62 as hydraulic pumps driven by the engine 30, and an actuator 60 whose drive source is pressure oil pumped from the hydraulic pump. The variable displacement pump 61 pumps pressure oil to the traveling

motors

22L and 22R, the boom cylinder 41c, the arm cylinder 42c and the bucket cylinder 43c. The fixed-capacity pump 62 pumps pressure oil to the blade cylinder 25, the swivel motor 32, and the swing cylinder 45.

Here, the "actuator 60" is a general term for actuators whose drive source is the pressure oil pumped from the hydraulic pump. In the present embodiment, the traveling motor 22L is a traveling hydraulic actuator that drives the lower traveling body 2. The traveling motor 22R, the blade cylinder 25 which is a hydraulic actuator for rotating the blade 24 up and down, the swivel motor 32 which is a swivel hydraulic actuator for driving the upper swing body 3, and the work hydraulic actuator for driving the work machine 4. It is a general term for a certain boom cylinder 41c, arm cylinder 42c, bucket cylinder 43c, and swing cylinder 45.

The actuator 60 is provided with a pilot-type directional control valve that can switch the direction and flow rate of the pressure oil pumped from the variable displacement pump 61 or the fixed capacitance pump 62. In the present embodiment, the

directional switching valves

64a and 64b corresponding to the traveling

motors

22L and 22R, the directional switching valve 64c corresponding to the boom cylinder 41c, the directional switching valve 64d corresponding to the arm cylinder 42c, and the directional switching corresponding to the bucket cylinder 43c. A valve 64e, a directional switching valve 64f corresponding to the blade cylinder 25, a directional switching valve 64g corresponding to the swivel motor 32, and a directional switching valve 64h corresponding to the swing cylinder 45 are provided. These direction switching valves 64a to 64h are collectively referred to as a control valve 64.

The pilot pump 63 discharges pilot oil, which is an input command to the control valve 64. The pilot pump 63 driven by the engine 30 generates pilot pressure in the pilot oil passage by discharging pressure oil. In FIG. 4, a part of the oil passage from the pilot pump 63 to the control valve 64 is omitted, and in reality, an oil passage from the pilot pump 63 to each of the direction switching valves 64a to 64h is provided.

The traveling operation device 65 has a remote control valve 650 for switching the direction and pressure of the pressure oil supplied to the direction switching valve 64a corresponding to the traveling motor 22L. The pressure oil discharged from the pilot pump 63 is supplied to the remote control valve 650. The remote control valve 650 generates a pilot secondary pressure according to the operation direction and the operation amount of the traveling operation device 65. The traveling operation device 65 is composed of a traveling lever 52.

The boom operating device 66 has a remote control valve 660 for switching the direction and pressure of the pressure oil supplied to the direction switching valve 64c corresponding to the boom cylinder 41c. The pressure oil discharged from the pilot pump 63 is supplied to the remote control valve 660. The remote control valve 660 generates a pilot secondary pressure according to the operation direction and the operation amount of the boom operation device 66. The boom operation device 66 is composed of a work operation lever 53.

The hydraulic excavator 1 includes an operation detection device 68 that detects the presence or absence of operation of the actuator 60. In this embodiment, the operation detection device 68 is composed of a pressure sensor. The operation detection device 68 detects the pilot secondary pressure output from the remote control valve in response to the operation of the operation devices such as the traveling operation device 65 and the boom operation device 66. As a result, it is detected whether or not the operating device is being operated, and by extension, whether or not the actuator 60 is being operated. The operation detection signal output from the operation detection device 68 is input to the integrated ECU 7.

The oil passage (not shown) between the pilot pump 63 and the control valve 64 has the same configuration as the above, and the pilot secondary pressure is generated according to the operation of each operating device, and the actuator 60 is operated or not. Is detected by the operation detection device 68.

A solenoid valve 67 as a prohibition device is provided in the oil passage between the pilot pump 63 and each remote control valve. As described above, the solenoid valve 67 operates in response to the rotation operation of the cutoff lever 55. When the cutoff lever 55 is pushed down, the solenoid valve 67 is energized, and the pilot secondary pressure is input to the directional switching valves 64a to 64h to drive the actuator 60. When the cutoff lever 55 is pulled up, the solenoid valve 67 is in a non-energized state, and the drive of the actuator 60 is prohibited by shutting off the pressure oil pumped to the actuator 60. In the present embodiment, the solenoid valve 67 is used as the prohibition device, but the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, an electromagnetic proportional valve may be used.

The hydraulic excavator 1 has an integrated ECU (Electronic Control Unit) 7 as a control device, and an engine ECU 300 that controls the drive of the engine 30 based on a command from the integrated ECU 7. The integrated ECU 7 controls the control system of the hydraulic excavator 1 and outputs a control instruction to the hydraulic pump and a control instruction to the engine ECU 300 described above.

The hydraulic excavator 1 includes a seating detection device 58 that detects the presence or absence of seating in the driver's seat 51. In the present embodiment, the seat belt detection device 58 is a seat belt wearing detection device that detects the presence or absence of seating based on whether or not the seat belt 57 of the driver's seat 51 is fastened. The wearing state of the seat belt 57 can be detected by, for example, a sensor in the buckle. Alternatively or additionally, a human body detection device that detects a human body seated in the driver's seat 51 may be used. The human body is detected by, for example, a load sensor placed on a seat. The seating detection signal output from the seating detection device 58 is input to the integrated ECU 7.

In the integrated ECU 7, the state in which the operation detection device 68 detects no operation of the actuator 60 continues for a predetermined time, the seating detection device 58 detects the seating in the driver's seat 51, and the solenoid valve 67 prohibits the actuator 60 from being driven. When this is done, the engine 30 is automatically stopped (auto idling stop). FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the control. The integrated ECU 7 outputs an operation detection signal output from the operation detection device 68, a seating detection signal output from the seating detection device 58, and a detection signal regarding the rotation position of the cutoff lever 55 output from the cutoff switch 56. Upon receiving the signal, the engine ECU 300 is controlled to stop the engine 30 when the above conditions are satisfied.

FIG. 6 shows a main part of an electric circuit mounted on the hydraulic excavator 1 of the present embodiment. The hydraulic excavator 1 includes a battery 8 which is a power supply source used by the hydraulic excavator 1 and a battery shutoff device 81 which can cut off a power supply path from the battery 8. The electrical component 82 to which electric power is supplied from the battery 8 includes an air conditioner, lighting, and the like. In the present embodiment, the battery shutoff device 81 comprises a power supply relay 83 provided in an electric circuit that supplies power supplied from the battery 8 to the electrical component 82, and a battery cutoff relay 84 that excites the power supply relay 83. Have.

The key switch 59 is arranged in the control unit 5, and its position can be changed from the off position to the on position or the start position according to the rotation operation. When the key switch 59 is operated to turn the position on, the power is turned on and the battery 8 can supply electric power to the electrical component 82. Further, when the key switch 59 is operated to set the position to the starting position, the starter motor constituting the engine starter 85 is rotationally driven to start the engine 30. When the hand is released, the position of the key switch 59 returns from the starting position to the on position. The engine starter 85 is composed of a starter circuit and a starter motor, and is provided in the engine 30.

Since the battery cutoff relay 84 is in the a contact state until the engine 30 shifts from the starting state to the idling state, the power supply relay 83 is excited, and power is supplied from the battery 8 to the electrical components 82 and the integrated ECU 7. To. Further, in the idling stop state, when a signal indicating that the seatbelt 57 is not fastened is input from the seating detection device 58 to the integrated ECU 7, the battery cutoff relay 84 is excited by the output signal from the integrated ECU 7 and is in a self-holding state. It becomes. As a result, the power supply relay 83 is not excited, and power is not supplied to the electrical components 82 and the integrated ECU 7. The self-holding state is released by setting the position of the key switch 59 to the off position (blocking position). When the key switch 59 is turned on again, electric power is supplied to the electrical component 82 and the integrated ECU 7.

As described above, when the seating detection device 58 does not detect the seating in the driver's seat 51 after controlling the engine 30 to automatically stop (in other words, the integrated ECU 7 detects the leaving). When), the battery shutoff device 81 is controlled so as to cut off the power supply path from the battery 8. The power supply path from the battery 8 is cut off after a predetermined grace period has elapsed after receiving the signal that the seat belt 57 is not fastened (that is, the driver's seat 51 is not seated). It may be configured.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing an example of processing related to auto idling stop. For example, the operator may stand by in the driver's seat 51 without operating the hydraulic excavator 1, such as the waiting time during the operation of the hydraulic excavator 1. In the example of FIG. 7, when the state in which the actuator 60 is not operated continues for a predetermined time, the integrated ECU 7 sends a command to the engine ECU 300 to set the target rotation speed of the engine 30 to the low idle rotation speed (steps S1 and S2). .. As a result, the engine 30 shifts to the idling state.

Further, the integrated ECU 7 detects that [1] the actuator 60 has not been operated for a predetermined time, and [2] the seat belt 57 is fastened, that is, the seating detection device 58 detects the seating in the driver's seat 51. The engine 30 is automatically operated on the condition that the cutoff lever 55 is pulled up, that is, the actuator 60 is prohibited from being driven by the solenoid valve 67. Control to stop is performed (steps S1, S3 to S5).

As described above, the hydraulic excavator 1 of the present embodiment performs auto idling stop on the condition that the operator is seated in the driver's seat 51. Therefore, even if the remaining amount of the battery 8 decreases while the engine 30 is stopped, the operator can take measures such as starting the engine 30, so that there is little concern that the battery will run out. Further, since it is not necessary to prohibit the use of electric power of the battery 8 in order to prevent the battery from running out, and electronic devices such as an air conditioner and lighting can be used, auto idling stop can be performed while maintaining convenience.

In the example of FIG. 7, after the engine 30 is automatically stopped, the battery is released when the seatbelt 57 is released, that is, when the seating detection device 58 does not detect the seating in the driver's seat 51. The battery shutoff device 81 is controlled so as to cut off the power supply path from No. 8 (steps S5 to S7). According to such control, even if the operator leaves (gets off) from the driver's seat 51 after idling stop and leaves for a long period of time, there is no concern that the battery will run out.

As described above, the construction machine of the present disclosure shuts off the hydraulic pump driven by the engine, the actuator using the pressure oil pumped from the hydraulic pump as the drive source, and the pressure oil pumped to the actuator. A prohibition device that prohibits the driving of the actuator, an operation detection device that detects the presence or absence of operation of the actuator, a seating detection device that detects the presence or absence of seating in the driver's seat, and the operation detection device that does not operate the actuator. The engine is automatically stopped when the state of detecting the actuator continues for a predetermined time, the seating detection device detects the seating in the driver's seat, and the prohibition device prohibits the driving of the actuator. It is provided with a control device for controlling.

In this construction machine, auto idling stop is performed on condition that the operator is seated in the driver's seat. Therefore, even if the remaining battery level is low while the engine is stopped, the operator can take measures such as starting the engine, so that there is little concern that the battery will run out. Further, since it is not necessary to prohibit the power use of the battery in order to prevent the battery from running out, the auto idling stop can be performed while maintaining the convenience.

The construction machine of the present disclosure includes a battery shutoff device capable of shutting off a power supply path from a battery, the control device controls to automatically stop the engine, and then the seating detection device controls the driver's seat. It is preferable to control the battery shutoff device so as to cut off the power supply path from the battery when the seating is not detected. According to such a configuration, there is no concern that the battery will run out even when the operator leaves the driver's seat for a long period of time.

The seat belt detection device is preferably a seat belt wearing detection device that detects the presence or absence of seating based on whether or not the seat belt of the driver's seat is fastened. By using the seatbelt as a trigger for the auto idling stop, it is convenient to perform the idling stop during the waiting time during the work of the construction machine.

Although the embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above based on the drawings, it should be considered that the specific configuration is not limited to these embodiments. The scope of the present disclosure is shown not only by the description of the above-described embodiment but also by the scope of claims, and further includes all modifications within the meaning and scope equivalent to the scope of claims.

It is possible to adopt the structure adopted in each of the above embodiments in any other embodiment. The specific configuration of each part is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present disclosure.

The present invention can be used for construction machines such as hydraulic excavators.

1 Hydraulic excavator 7 Integrated ECU (example of control device)
8 Battery 30 Engine 51 Driver's seat 55 Cut-off lever 57 Seat belt 58 Seat detection device 60 Actuator 61 Variable capacity pump (example of hydraulic pump)
62 Fixed-capacity pump (example of hydraulic pump)
67 Solenoid valve (an example of prohibited device)
68 Operation detection device 81 Battery shutoff device

Claims

A hydraulic pump driven by an engine and
An actuator whose drive source is the pressure oil pumped from the hydraulic pump, and
A prohibition device that prohibits the driving of the actuator by shutting off the pressure oil pumped to the actuator, and
An operation detection device that detects the presence or absence of operation of the actuator, and
A seating detection device that detects the presence or absence of seating in the driver's seat,
When the state in which the operation detection device detects no operation of the actuator continues for a predetermined time, the seating detection device detects seating in the driver's seat, and the prohibition device prohibits the driving of the actuator. A construction machine including a control device for automatically stopping the engine.
Equipped with a battery cutoff device that can cut off the power supply path from the battery
After controlling to automatically stop the engine, the control device shuts off the battery so as to cut off the power supply path from the battery when the seating detection device does not detect seating in the driver's seat. The construction machine according to claim 1, which controls the device.
The construction machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the seating detection device is a seatbelt wearing detection device that detects the presence or absence of seating based on whether or not the seatbelt of the driver's seat is fastened.