WO2021047106A1 - 一种黑臭水强化处理系统及工艺 - Google Patents

一种黑臭水强化处理系统及工艺 Download PDF

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WO2021047106A1
WO2021047106A1 PCT/CN2019/127874 CN2019127874W WO2021047106A1 WO 2021047106 A1 WO2021047106 A1 WO 2021047106A1 CN 2019127874 W CN2019127874 W CN 2019127874W WO 2021047106 A1 WO2021047106 A1 WO 2021047106A1
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Prior art keywords
water
black
odorous
canal
grit
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PCT/CN2019/127874
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈光辉
张碧波
邢汉君
黄罕添
赵青
罗灿
盛丹
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湖南恒凯环保科技投资有限公司
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Publication of WO2021047106A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021047106A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/105—Phosphorus compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C02F2101/38—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
    • C02F2301/08—Multistage treatments, e.g. repetition of the same process step under different conditions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
    • C02F3/301—Aerobic and anaerobic treatment in the same reactor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
    • C02F3/302—Nitrification and denitrification treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment, and specifically relates to a black and odorous water enhanced treatment system and process.
  • Constructed wetland technology is to artificially mix soil and fillers (such as gravel, etc.) on depressions with a certain aspect ratio and bottom slope to form a filler bed for sewage treatment, so that the sewage flows in the filler gap of the bed or in the bed.
  • the surface is flowing, and planted on the surface of the bed has good performance, high survival rate, strong water resistance, long growth cycle, beautiful and economically valuable aquatic plants (such as reeds, rushes, etc.) to form a unique animal and plant ecosystem.
  • the range of pollutants removed by constructed wetlands includes N, P, SS, organic matter, trace elements, pathogens, etc.
  • Relevant research results show that under the condition of low influent concentration, the removal rate of BOD 5 in constructed wetlands can reach 85%-95%, the removal rate of COD can reach more than 80%, and the concentration of BOD5 in the treated effluent is 10mg/ Around l, SS is less than 20mg/l.
  • Most of the organic matter in the wastewater is used as the organic nutrients of the different microorganisms, and is finally converted into microorganisms and CO 2 , H 2 O.
  • the present invention provides a system and process for treating black and odorous water bodies using constructed wetlands that integrate a grit canal, a rapid filter canal, and an ecological enhancement zone.
  • a water inlet is provided on one side of the canal wall into which the black and smelly water of the grit sinking canal flows, and a water inlet retaining wall is provided on the inner wall of the other side of the canal wall at a position corresponding to the water inlet; preferably, the grit canal is provided In rivers with black and odorous water, the height of the wall of the sedimentation canal is the same as the height of the river embankment;
  • the width of the grit settling channel is 10-20 meters; the water inlet is provided with a diversion gate.
  • the volume of the grit canal can store the suspended solids that sink in, and its larger width can allow the cleaning machinery to enter into the regular cleaning of the sediments.
  • the hydraulic retention time is greater than 1 hour. The purpose of this setting is to ensure that when the water passes through the grit channel, there is sufficient sedimentation time and storage space for sand or other impurities; the width of the grit channel is 10-20 meters.
  • the role of purifying black and odorous water is to ensure the free access of mechanical energy in the later stage for cleaning and maintenance of the grit ditch.
  • the water collecting and guiding device includes a perforated water collecting pipe embedded along the axial direction of the ditch channel at the bottom of the filler of the quick filter channel, and a perforated water collecting pipe connected to the perforated water collecting pipe at one end and extending into the ecological enhancement zone at the other end;
  • the perforated water pipe includes a water main pipe and a water branch pipe; one end of the water main pipe is connected with the perforated water collection pipe, and the other end is connected with the water branch pipe; one end of the water branch pipe is connected with the water main pipe, and the other end is connected with the water pipe Extend into the ecologically enhanced area;
  • the water branch pipes Preferably, there are several water main pipes, which are evenly distributed on the perforated water collection pipe; the water branch pipes have a radial branch structure;
  • the end connecting the water main pipe and the water branch pipe extends into the middle area of the ecological enhancement area; the radial water pipes are evenly distributed in the ecological enhancement area, and the end of the partial water branch pipe away from the water main pipe is close to the entire ecological enhancement area.
  • the water inlet of the zone is conducive to evenly introducing the water in the water collection pipe into the ecologically enhanced area.
  • the packing has a graded packing structure
  • the graded filler structure includes two upper and lower layers; the upper layer has a particle size of ⁇ 5-8mm, and the lower layer has a particle size of ⁇ 30-50mm.
  • the advantages of using this particle size in the upper layer are: forming small gaps to have the function of a screen, which can intercept and filter the fine suspended matter, and the lower layer adopts this particle size to play a supporting role, and the gap is large, and the water collection resistance is small.
  • the overflow weir has a curved structure
  • the curved structure of the overflow weir is parallel to the curved structure of the channel of the grit channel;
  • a plurality of overflow grooves are provided on the top of the overflow weir, and a plurality of overflow holes are arranged below the overflow groove, and the distance between the top of the overflow hole and the bottom of the overflow groove is 0.1 meters;
  • the height of the overflow weir is 0.1 mm lower than the flat water level of the incoming water channel where the black and odorous water enhanced treatment system is set.
  • the distance between the top of the overflow hole and the bottom of the overflow trough is 0.1 meters.
  • the advantage of this setting is that it makes the water flow evenly on the entire surface and rectifies the water.
  • the grit tank overflows through the overflow hole.
  • the effluent will exceed the overflow hole and flow out evenly from the upper overflow groove.
  • the overflow hole and overflow groove both play a role in uniform water distribution.
  • submerged plants are planted at a depth of 0.5 to 1 m
  • emergent plants are planted at a depth of 0.1 to 0.5 m
  • landscape ecological floating islands, bionic aquatic plants, and floating water are set on the water surface corresponding to a depth of 1 to 1.5 m.
  • each depth area is different, and different types of pollutants can be removed.
  • the area of 0-0.5 meters has higher dissolved oxygen and mainly removes organic matter and ammonia nitrogen.
  • There is an anoxic environment in the area of 0-1.5 and the total nitrogen is mainly removed by denitrification.
  • the ecologically enhanced zone in the black and odorous water enhanced treatment system of the present invention is equivalent to the improved surface flow constructed wetland.
  • different plant populations of different water depths are constructed, and fountain-type aeration is added to construct diverse bacteria.
  • the role of planting submerged plants in the treatment of black and odorous water is: the use of submerged plants has a strong absorption and purification effect on nitrogen and phosphorus in the bottom mud; the role of planting emergent plants in the treatment of black and odorous water is: it has a strong effect on ammonia nitrogen in the water body It has better purification effect and better landscape effect; the landscape ecological floating island is set at a depth of 1 to 1.5 meters, because there is a certain water depth to ensure that plant roots grow and suspend in the water body, while forming a biofilm environment, using aquatic animals and fish Ingest food to build an ecological balance; bionic aquatic plants are set below the water surface to build a biofilm environment and build an anaerobic and hypoxic environment for the absorption and treatment of organic matter and ammonia nitrogen; the function of the floating water fountain aerator is to build an aerobic environment, which is effective for organic matter and ammonia nitrogen deal with.
  • the black and odorous water strengthened treatment process is characterized in that the black and odorous water strengthened treatment system is used to treat the black and odorous water.
  • the black and odorous water enhanced treatment system is arranged in the river to be treated; the grit canal wall of the black and odorous water enhanced treatment system is not parallel to the water flow direction of the river;
  • the direction of the water flow entering the black and odorous water enhanced treatment system is perpendicular to the river channel.
  • the direction of water flow in the enhanced treatment system for black and odorous water of the present invention is perpendicular to the river channel, and the arrangement direction of the system is parallel to the river channel.
  • the ecologically enhanced zone of the black and odorous water enhanced treatment system is set in a section with a large sudden change in the width of the river course, or may be set in the upstream of the ecological park;
  • the ecological park can be used as an ecologically enhanced area of the black and odorous water enhanced treatment system.
  • the processing system of the present invention the components of the grit canal, overflow weir, and rapid filter canal can be regularly maintained as follows: 1. When the sand accumulates in the grit canal, the overflow weir will run out of sand, and it needs to be used at this time The excavator cleans the sand and the sand can be used as a building material. 2. If the overflow weir has heavy moss, it needs to be cleaned up. 3. If the grit ditch runs for too long and becomes clogged, high-pressure water needs to be used to flush the filter layer. 4. In order to avoid clogging of the grit canal, a perforated aeration pipe can be installed in the grit canal, and a high-pressure fan is used for air backwashing during the water intake to avoid blockage.
  • the present invention provides an artificial wetland process system composed of a grit canal, a rapid filter canal, and an ecological enhancement zone.
  • the feature is that it is added with a grit canal before the ecological enhancement zone, and the whole is a curved structure.
  • Shen Figure 2 Schematic diagram of sand channel system.
  • the grit canal is composed of a water inlet, a water inlet retaining wall, an arc-shaped grit canal, and a rectifying overflow weir.
  • each part The functions of each part are as follows: water inlet: diversion water body enters; water inlet retaining wall: dissipates the energy of incoming water and reduces water flow speed; arc-shaped grit canal: sediments suspended solids and sediment in the incoming water, which is mud Sand sedimentation site; rectifying overflow weir: Control the effluent flow speed, control the effluent uniformity, reduce the flow disturbance, and accelerate the sedimentation.
  • the innovations of the present invention are as follows: 1The curved overflow weir is proposed, and the length of the weir is increased in a limited space to reduce the water flow speed and the water load; 2The width of the grit channel is large, and the forklift can directly enter the grit tank, which is convenient for the later stage. Clean up and maintain.
  • the overflow weir is also a curved structure adapted to the grit ditch, which is composed of a lower overflow hole and an upper overflow groove.
  • the function of the bottom discharge orifice under normal conditions of low water volume, the water flows out from the water distribution hole after sedimentation, which plays a role of low water distribution; when the water volume increases, the bottom discharge water distribution hole cannot meet the water discharge requirements, the excess water volume
  • the overflow is distributed from the upper overflow tank, which plays a role of large water distribution. See the schematic diagram of the overflow weir for details.
  • the overflow weir of the present invention considers different water volume requirements on the basis of conventional overflow.
  • the schematic diagram of the structure is shown in Figure 3.
  • the quick filter channel is a structure with uniform water inflow and water distribution graded packing, which is composed of graded packing, perforated water collection pipe, and perforated water branch pipe; each component plays the following roles: the role of graded packing: intercepts suspended solids of different specifications; perforation The function of the water collecting pipe: to collect the filtered water. See the schematic diagram of the quick filter channel for details.
  • the perforated water pipe is composed of the main water pipe and the perforated water branch pipe.
  • the function of the perforated water pipe is to evenly introduce the preliminary filtered water into the ecological enhancement, which has the effect of uniform water distribution.
  • the structural innovations of the rapid filter channel are as follows: 1
  • the main collection pipe is directly embedded in the filler layer, which is conducive to rapid water collection. 2
  • the perforated pipe radially penetrates into the entire ecological enhancement area, which is beneficial to uniform water distribution.
  • the schematic diagram of the structure of the fast filter channel is shown in Figure 4.
  • the grit ditch is characterized by being arranged along the length of the river, perpendicular to the direction of the water flow, increasing the cross-sectional area of the flow, effectively reducing the flow rate of the river, and enabling the suspended matter in the water body to settle and remove in a relatively short time.
  • the grit ditch has a certain volume, which can ensure a hydraulic retention time of more than 1 hour.
  • the volume is different for different water flow rates, which can store the suspended solids that sink in, and has a width of 10-20 meters to enable cleaning.
  • the machinery enters to clean up the sediment regularly.
  • An overflow weir is provided at the outlet end of the grit settling channel, which is characterized by rectifying the incoming water from the upstream channel to make the incoming and outgoing water in a laminar flow state, which is beneficial to the precipitation pretreatment of the polluted water body and reduces the load of the subsequent treatment process.
  • the overflowing water enters the quick filter channel, and the quick filter channel is provided with a large-diameter filler, and a large-diameter perforated pipe is provided at the bottom of the filler as a water collecting pipe.
  • Perforated water pipes are provided on the perforated water collection pipes under the quick filter canal, and the perforated water pipes are connected into the ecological enhancement area and arranged to the ecological enhancement area according to hydraulic requirements.
  • the large-diameter perforated pipe is connected to the small-diameter perforated branch pipe.
  • the large-diameter perforated pipe is the water collection pipe at the bottom of the filler, and its aperture ranges from ⁇ 15 to 20.
  • the small-diameter perforated branch pipe refers to the ecological enhancement
  • the radial perforated water pipe in the area has a pore size range of ⁇ 5 ⁇ 8, and the water will be quickly filtered and evenly transported to the ecological enhancement area to avoid short circuit of the water body.
  • This process is an overall process for the treatment of black and odorous water, and the grit canal has a relationship of pretreatment + filtration treatment + downstream water distribution + ecological enhancement and advanced treatment.
  • the invention constitutes an overall process for the treatment of black and odorous water based on respective characteristics, and obtains a better treatment effect of black and odorous water.
  • the black and odorous water treatment process of the present invention has the following characteristics: 1. For the open black and odorous water body with a large amount of water, a relatively complete pretreatment + enhanced advanced treatment plan is proposed. 2. Through rapid filtration and multi-stage perforation water distribution, the problem of balanced entry of large water distribution into the ecosystem is solved, and the problem of large local impact load is solved. 3. It is proposed to build an efficient anaerobic, anoxic, and aerobic environment in the ecologically enhanced zone to ensure the enhanced biochemical treatment of micro-polluted water bodies. 4. Adopt submersible reflux pump and set up a large internal circulation to achieve water activation while meeting the requirements of energy saving and environmental protection.
  • the upstream water enters the grit tank through the sluice gate, and then passes through the water distribution overflow weir. After uniform distribution, the water enters the fast filter channel (see Figure 1) at the front of the wetland ecosystem, and enters the subsequent ecological treatment system through the perforated water distribution pipe after initial filtration.
  • the ecological system of the wetland park consists of a flow-generating aeration area and an ecologically enhanced area.
  • an alternate aerobic and anoxic environment is constructed, and the nitrification and denitrification of microorganisms are used to purify sewage and remove turbidity, COD, N, P and other pollutants in the water body.
  • plant roots and microorganisms form a symbiosis system, so that the nitrogen fixation effect of plants can be exerted, so as to achieve the purpose of removing N and strengthen the denitrification effect of the ecosystem.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a black odorous water enhanced treatment system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a grit canal system of a black and odorous water enhanced treatment system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an overflow weir of a black and odorous water enhanced treatment system provided by another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a quick filter channel of a black and odorous water enhanced treatment system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the black and odorous water enhanced treatment system includes a grit canal 1, a fast filter canal 2, an ecological enhancement zone 3, a grit canal 1, and
  • the fast filter canal 2 is higher than the ecological enhancement zone 3;
  • the canal of the grit canal 1 has a curved structure as a whole;
  • the quick filter channel 2 is filled with fillers that can filter the black and odorous water, and the bottom of the filler is also provided with an overflow weir 13
  • the filled water is introduced into the water collecting and guiding device 22 of the ecological strengthening area; plants are planted in the ecological strengthening area 3.
  • one side of the canal wall 11 into which the black and odorous water of the grit sink 1 flows is provided with a water inlet 111, and the inner wall of the other side of the canal wall 11 is provided with a water inlet 111 at a position corresponding to the water inlet 111.
  • the grit canal 1 is arranged in a river with black and odorous water, and the height of the canal wall 11 of the grit canal 1 is the same as the height of the river embankment;
  • the width of the grit sink 1 is 10-20 meters; the water inlet 111 is provided with a diversion gate 1111.
  • the volume of the grit canal can store the suspended solids that sink in, and its larger width can allow the cleaning machinery to enter into the regular cleaning of the sediments.
  • the hydraulic retention time is greater than 1 hour. The purpose of this setting is to ensure that when the water passes through the grit channel, there is sufficient sedimentation time and storage space for sand or other impurities; the width of the grit channel is 10-20 meters.
  • the role of purifying black and odorous water is to ensure the free access of mechanical energy in the later stage for cleaning and maintenance of the grit ditch.
  • the water collecting and guiding device 22 includes a perforated water collecting pipe 221 embedded along the axial direction of the ditch channel at the bottom of the filling material of the quick filter channel 2, and one end connected to the perforated water collecting pipe 221, and the other end extends into the ecological enhancement zone. 3 the perforated water pipe 222 inside;
  • the perforated water pipe 222 includes a water main pipe 2221 and a water branch pipe 2222; one end of the water main pipe 2221 is connected to the perforated water collection pipe 221, and the other end is connected to the water branch pipe 2222; one end of the water branch pipe 2222 is connected to The water main pipe 2221 is connected, and the other end extends into the ecological enhancement zone 3;
  • the water branch pipes 2222 have a radial branch structure
  • the end of the water main pipe 2221 connected with the water branch pipe 2222 extends into the middle area of the ecological enhancement area 3; the radial water pipes 2222 are evenly distributed in the ecological enhancement area 3, and part of the water branch pipes 2222 are far away from the water main pipe One end of 2221 is close to the water inlet end of the entire ecological enhancement zone 3. This arrangement is beneficial to evenly lead the water in the water collection pipe 221 into the ecological enhancement area.
  • the filler has a graded filler structure
  • the graded filler structure includes two upper and lower layers; the upper layer has a particle size of ⁇ 5-8mm, and the lower layer has a particle size of ⁇ 30-50mm.
  • the advantages of using this particle size in the upper layer are: forming small gaps to have the function of a screen, which can intercept and filter the fine suspended matter, and the lower layer adopts this particle size to play a supporting role, and the gap is large, and the water collection resistance is small.
  • the overflow weir 13 has a curved structure
  • the curved structure of the overflow weir 13 is adapted in parallel with the curved structure of the channel of the grit sink 1;
  • the top of the overflow weir 13 is provided with a plurality of overflow grooves 131, and a plurality of overflow holes 132 are arranged below the overflow groove 131, and the distance between the top of the overflow hole 132 and the bottom of the overflow groove 131 is 0.1 meters;
  • the height of the overflow weir 13 is 0.1 mm lower than the flat water level of the incoming water channel where the black and odorous water enhanced treatment system is set.
  • the distance between the top of the overflow hole and the bottom of the overflow trough is 0.1 meters.
  • the advantage of this setting is that it makes the water flow evenly on the entire surface and rectifies the water.
  • the grit tank overflows through the overflow hole.
  • the effluent will exceed the overflow hole and flow out evenly from the upper overflow groove.
  • the overflow hole and overflow groove both play a role in uniform water distribution.
  • the 0.5-1 meter depth area is the submerged plant planting area 31 where submerged plants are planted, and the 0.1 to 0.5 meter depth area is the planting emergence.
  • a landscape ecological floating island 33, a bionic water plant 34, and a floating fountain aerator 35 are set on the water surface corresponding to the emergent plant planting area 32 and the 1 to 1.5 meter depth area.
  • each depth area is different, and different types of pollutants can be removed.
  • the area of 0-0.5 meters has higher dissolved oxygen and mainly removes organic matter and ammonia nitrogen.
  • There is an anoxic environment in the area of 0-1.5 and the total nitrogen is mainly removed by denitrification.
  • the ecologically enhanced zone in the black and odorous water enhanced treatment system of the present invention is equivalent to the improved surface flow constructed wetland.
  • different plant populations of different water depths are constructed, and fountain-type aeration is added to construct diverse bacteria.
  • the role of planting submerged plants in the treatment of black and odorous water is: the use of submerged plants has a strong absorption and purification effect on nitrogen and phosphorus in the bottom mud; the role of planting emergent plants in the treatment of black and odorous water is: it has a strong effect on ammonia nitrogen in the water body It has better purification effect and better landscape effect; the landscape ecological floating island is set at a depth of 1 to 1.5 meters, because there is a certain water depth to ensure that plant roots grow and suspend in the water body, while forming a biofilm environment, using aquatic animals and fish Ingest food to build an ecological balance; bionic aquatic plants are set below the water surface to build a biofilm environment and build an anaerobic and hypoxic environment for the absorption and treatment of organic matter and ammonia nitrogen; the function of the floating water fountain aerator is to build an aerobic environment, which is effective for organic matter and ammonia nitrogen deal with.
  • This group of embodiments provides an enhanced treatment process for black and odorous water, which is characterized in that the black and odorous water enhanced treatment system described in any one of the first group of embodiments is used to treat the black and odorous water.
  • the black and odorous water enhanced treatment system is arranged in the river to be treated; the grit canal wall of the black and odorous water enhanced treatment system is not parallel to the flow direction of the river;
  • the direction of the water flow entering the black and odorous water enhanced treatment system is perpendicular to the river channel.
  • the direction of water flow in the enhanced treatment system for black and odorous water of the present invention is perpendicular to the river channel, and the arrangement direction of the system is parallel to the river channel.
  • the ecologically enhanced area of the black and odorous water enhanced treatment system is set in a section with a large sudden change in the width of the river channel, or may be set in the upstream of an ecological park;
  • the ecological park can be used as an ecologically enhanced area of the black and odorous water enhanced treatment system.
  • the downstream river ecological buffer zone in Figure 1 refers to the downstream landscape river, and the black and odorous water of the upstream river can be used as water for the downstream ecological landscape river after being purified by this system.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)

Abstract

一种黑臭水强化处理系统，按水流方向依次包括沉砂渠（1）、快速过滤渠（2）、生态强化区（3）；沉砂渠（1）的渠道整体为曲线结构，其黑臭水流出一侧的渠壁上设有溢流堰（13）；快速过滤渠（2）内装填有可过滤黑臭水的填料（21），填料（21）底部还设有可将流经填料的水导入生态强化区（3）的集水导水装置；生态强化区（3）内种植有植物；以及采用这种黑臭水强化处理系统处理黑臭水的工艺。

Description

一种黑臭水强化处理系统及工艺 技术领域
本发明属于污水处理技术领域，具体涉及一种黑臭水强化处理系统及工艺。
背景技术
在污水处理工程中，对于COD、N、P含量较高的水体进行处理的人工湿地技术。
人工湿地技术是为处理污水而人为地在有一定长宽比和底面坡度的洼地上用土壤和填料(如砾石等)混合组成填料床，使污水在床体的填料缝隙中流动或在床体表面流动，并在床体表面种植具有性能好，成活率高，抗水性强，生长周期长，美观及具有经济价值的水生植物(如芦苇，蒲草等)形成一个独特的动植物生态体系。
人工湿地去除的污染物范围广泛，包括N，P，SS，有机物，微量元素，病原体等。有关研究结果表明，在进水浓度较低的条件下，人工湿地对BOD 5的去除率可达85％――95％，COD去除率可达80％以上，处理出水中BOD5的浓度在10mg/l左右，SS小于20mg/l。(2)废水中大部分有机物作为异样微生物的有机养分，最终被转化为微生物体及CO 2，H 2O。
现有黑臭水处理主要采用沉水植物、浮水植物、挺水植物及构建微生物生长的厌氧缺氧好氧工艺，但这类工艺不能对黑臭水体进行预处理，无法处理较高悬浮物负荷黑臭水体，对有机物的去除效率低。
发明内容
针对本领域存在的上述缺陷和不足，本发明提供一种集沉砂渠、快速过滤渠、生态强化区为一体的利用人工湿地对黑臭水体进行处理的系统和工艺。
本发明的技术方案如下：
一种黑臭水强化处理系统，其特征在于，按水流方向依次包括沉砂渠、快速过滤渠、生态强化区；沉砂渠和快速过滤渠高于生态强化区；所述沉砂渠的渠道整体为曲线结构；所述曲线的曲线长度根据下述公式设置，曲线长度＝水体流量÷溢流负荷，其中溢流负荷≤1.7mm/s；其黑臭水流出一侧的渠壁上设有溢流堰；所述快速过滤渠内装填有可过滤黑臭水的填料，填料底部还设有可将流经填料的水导入生态强化区的集水导水装置；所述生态强化区内种植有植物。
按照上述公式设置沉砂渠的渠道曲线长度，可确保出水稳定在层流状态，有助于从整体上提高黑臭水的净化效果。
所述沉砂渠的黑臭水流入的一侧渠壁开设有进水口，另一侧渠壁内壁上对应所述进水口的位置设有进水挡墙；优选地，所述沉砂渠设置在具有黑臭水的河道中，沉砂渠的渠壁高度 与河堤高度一致；
优选地，所述沉砂渠容积根据下述公式计算得到：沉砂渠容积＝水力停留时间×水流量，其中水力停留时间大于1个小时；
优选地，所述沉砂渠的宽度为10～20米；所述进水口设置有导流闸门。
沉砂渠的容积能对沉入的悬浮物有储存作用，其较大的宽度能使清理机械进入定期清理沉淀物。水力停留时间大于1个小时，这样设置的目的是：确保水体经过沉砂渠时，砂粒或其他杂质有足够的沉降时间及储存空间；沉砂渠的宽度为10～20米，采用这个宽度对净化黑臭水所起的作用是：确保后期机械能自由进出进行沉砂渠清理及维护。
所述集水导水装置包括快速过滤渠的填料的底部沿沟渠渠道轴向埋设的穿孔集水管和一端连通穿孔集水管、另一端伸入生态强化区内的穿孔导水管；
优选地，所述穿孔导水管包括导水总管和导水支管；所述导水总管一端连通穿孔集水管，另一端与导水支管连通；所述导水支管一端与导水总管连通，另一端伸入生态强化区内；
优选地，所述导水总管为若干根，均匀分布在穿孔集水管上；所述导水支管为放射状的分枝结构；
优选地，导水总管与导水支管连通的一端伸入至生态强化区中间区域；放射状的导水支管均匀分布于生态强化区，且部分导水支管的远离导水总管的一端靠近整个生态强化区的进水端。这样设置有利于将集水管中的水均匀导入生态强化区。
所述填料为级配填料结构；
优选地，所述级配填料结构包括上下两层；上层为粒径φ5～8mm，下层为粒径φ30～50mm。
上层采用这种粒径的好处是：形成小空隙有筛网作用，对细小悬浮物起到截流过滤，下层采用这种粒径可起到支撑作用，且空隙大，集水阻力小。
所述溢流堰为曲线结构；
优选地，所述溢流堰的曲线结构与沉砂渠的渠道的曲线结构平行适配；
优选地，所述溢流堰顶部设有若干溢流槽，溢流槽下方设有若干溢流孔，溢流孔孔顶与溢流槽槽底间距0.1米；
优选地，所述溢流堰高度比设置所述黑臭水强化处理系统的来水河道平水位低0.1mm。
溢流孔孔顶与溢流槽槽底间距0.1米，这样设置的好处在于：使其在整个面上均匀出水，并整流出水，在常水量时，沉砂池通过溢流孔溢流，当水量较大时，出水将超过溢流孔同时从上部溢流槽均匀流出，溢流孔和溢流槽均起到均匀配水作用。
所述生态强化区内，0.5～1米深度区域种植沉水植物，0.1～0.5米深度区域种植挺水植 物、1～1.5米深度区域对应的水面上设置景观生态浮岛、仿生水草、和浮水喷泉曝气机。
各个深度区域环境不同，可以去除不同种类污染物，例如，0～0.5米区域溶解氧较高，主要去除有机物及氨氮为主，0～1.5区域存在缺氧环境，主要通过反硝化去除总氮为主，对大于1.5米区域存在厌氧环境，有利于总磷污染物的去除；
本发明黑臭水强化处理系统中的生态加强区相当于改进型的表流人工湿地改进型，在现有表流人工湿地基础上构建不同水深不同植物种群，和增加喷泉式曝气构建多样菌体环境；
种植沉水植物在处理黑臭水方面的作用是：利用沉水植物对底泥中氮磷具有较强吸收净化作用；种植挺水植物在处理黑臭水方面的作用是：对水体中氨氮有较好净化作用同时起到较好景观效果；景观生态浮岛设置在1～1.5米深度区域，因为有一定水深能确保植物根系生长悬浮在水体，同时形成生物膜环境，利用水中动物及鱼类摄食，构建生态平衡；仿生水草设置于水面以下，用于构建生物膜环境，构建厌氧缺氧环境对有机物及氨氮吸收处理；浮水喷泉曝气机的作用是构建好氧环境，对有机物及氨氮处理。
黑臭水强化处理工艺，其特征在于，采用所述的黑臭水强化处理系统处理黑臭水。
将所述黑臭水强化处理系统设置在待处理的河道中；所述黑臭水强化处理系统的沉砂渠渠壁与河道的水流方向不平行；
优选地，进入所述黑臭水强化处理系统的水流方向与河道垂直。
如图2所示，本发明的黑臭水强化处理系统的水流进入方向与河道垂直，系统的布置方向与河道平行。
所述黑臭水强化处理系统的生态强化区设置在河道宽度突变较大的区段，或可设置在生态公园的上游；
优选地，所述生态公园可做为所述黑臭水强化处理系统的生态强化区。
本发明的处理系统：沉砂渠、溢流堰、快速过滤渠各组成部分可按如下情况进行定期护理：1.沉砂渠出现泥砂累积时，溢流堰会出现跑砂，此时需要采用挖机进行泥砂清理同时泥砂可作为建筑材料。2.溢流堰若出现青苔较重需要进行清理。3.沉砂渠若运行时间过长出现堵塞，需要进行高压水进行冲洗过滤层。4.为避免沉砂渠堵塞，可以在沉砂渠安装穿孔曝气管，在进水同时采用高压风机进行气反洗，避免堵塞。
本发明提供了一种由沉砂渠、快速过滤渠、生态强化区构成的人工湿地工艺系统，其特征是它在生态强化区之前加入了沉砂渠，整体为曲线形结构，具体详见沉砂渠系统示意图图2。沉砂渠由进水口、进水挡墙、弧形沉砂渠、整流溢流堰组成。各部分的作用如下：进水口：导流水体进入；进水挡墙：对来水进行消能，降低水流速度；弧形沉砂渠：对进水中悬浮物 及泥沙进行沉淀，是泥沙沉淀场所；整流溢流堰：对出水水流速度进行控制，控制出水均匀度，降低水流扰动，加速沉淀。本发明创新点如下：①提出了曲线形状溢流堰，有限空间内增加出水堰长度，降低水流速度及出水负荷；②沉砂渠道宽度较大，铲车等能直接进入沉砂池内，便于后期清理维护。溢流堰也为与沉砂渠相适配的曲线形结构，由下排溢流孔和上部设置溢流槽构成。下排溢流流孔作用：平常水量不大情况下，水经过沉砂后从该配水孔流出，起到低水量配水作用；当水量增大，下排配水孔不能满足出水要求时候，多余水量从上部溢流槽配水溢流，起到大水量配水作用。详见溢流堰示意图。本发明的溢流堰在常规的溢流基础上考虑了不同的水量要求。其结构示意图如图3所示。快速过滤渠为具有均匀进水配水级配填料结构，由级配填料，穿孔集水管，穿孔导水支管构成；各组成部分分别起如下作用：级配填料作用：拦截不同规格悬浮物作用；穿孔集水管作用：收集过滤后的水。详见快速过滤渠示意图。穿孔导水管，由总导水管与穿孔导水支管组成，穿孔导水管作用：将初步过滤的水均匀导入生态强化去，具有均匀配水作用。快速过滤渠在结构上的创新如下：①总集水管直接埋入填料层，有利于快速集水。②穿孔管放射状深入到整个生态强化区，有益于均匀配水。快速过滤渠的结构示意图如图4所示。
所述沉砂渠的特征在于，设置于沿河道长度方向，与水流方向垂直，增加过流截面积，有效降低河水流速，使水体中的悬浮物能在较短的时间内沉降去除。
所述沉砂渠有一定容积，能确保大于1个小时的水力停留时间，水流量不同其容积不同，能对沉入的悬浮物有储存作用，同时具有10～20米的宽度，能使清理机械进入定期清理沉淀物。
所述沉砂渠出水端设置有溢流堰，其特征在于对上游河道来水进行整流，使进出水处于层流状态，利于污染水体的沉淀预处理，降低后续处理工艺的负荷。
溢流出水进入快速过滤渠，所述的快速过滤渠中设置有大孔径填料，且在填料底部设置有大管径穿孔管作为集水导水管。
快速过滤渠下穿孔集水管上设置有穿孔导水支管，穿孔导水支管连接进入生态强化区，并根据水力要求布置到生态强化区。
所述的大管径穿孔管与小管径穿孔支管相连，所述的大管径穿孔管即填料底部的集水管，其孔径范围φ15～20，所述小管径穿孔支管指深入到生态强化区放射状穿孔导水管，其孔径范围φ5～8，将来水快速过滤后均匀输送到生态强化区，避免水体短路。
便于收集从过滤层流下的水并导入到快速过滤来水及穿孔集水管，其特征在于快速截留悬浮物，并均匀分布水量，避免造成局部水量过大对湿地生态区造成冲击。
本工艺是黑臭水治理的一个整体工艺，沉砂渠是预处理+过滤处理+后段水分配+生态强 化深度处理关系。本发明是结合各自特点基础上构成黑臭水体治理的一个整体工艺，获得较好的黑臭水治理效果。
本发明的黑臭水处理工艺具有如下特点：1.对于水量大的敞开式黑臭水体提出了较完整的预处理+强化深度处理方案。2.通过快速过滤及多级穿孔配水，解决了提出了大水量配水均衡进入生态系统问题，解决局部冲击负荷大问题。3.提出在生态强化区构建高效厌氧缺氧好氧环境，确保微污染水体的生化强化处理。4.采用潜水回流泵，设置内部大的循环，达到水体活化同时达到节能与环保要求。
上游来水经导水闸进入沉砂池，并通过配水溢流堰，均匀配水后进入湿地生态系统前端快速过滤渠(见图1)，通过过滤初处理后通过穿孔配水管进入后续生态处理系统。
湿地公园生态系统由造流曝气推流区、生态强化区构成。主要通过植在湿地生态系统内间歇曝气，构建交替的好氧、缺氧环境，利用微生物的硝化与反硝化作用使污水得到净化，将水体中浊度、COD、N、P等污染物去除。同时植物根系和微生物形成共生体系，使植物固氮作用得以发挥，从而达到对N去除目的，强化生态系统的脱氮效果。
附图说明
图1为本发明的一个实施例提供的黑臭水强化处理系统结构示意图。
图2为本发明的一个实施例提供的黑臭水强化处理系统的沉砂渠系统示意图。
图3为本发明的另一个实施例提供的黑臭水强化处理系统的溢流堰示意图。
图4为本发明的一个实施例提供的黑臭水强化处理系统的快速过滤渠示意图。
图中标记列示如下：1-沉砂渠、11-渠壁、111-进水口、1111-导流闸门，112-进水挡墙、12-渠道、13-溢流堰、131-溢流槽、132-溢流孔；2-快速过滤渠、21-填料、22-集水导水装置、221-穿孔集水管、222-穿孔导水管、2221-导水总管、2222-导水支管；3-生态强化区、31-沉水植物种植区、32-挺水植物种植区、33-景观生态浮岛、34-仿生水草、35-浮水喷泉曝气机
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合实施例，对本进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明的保护范围。
本文中的“快速过滤渠”、“过滤沟渠”、“快速过滤层”，都指的是“快速过滤渠”。第一组实施例、本发明的黑臭水强化处理系统
本组实施例提供一种黑臭水强化处理系统。本组实施例具有如下共同特征：如图1图2所示，所述黑臭水强化处理系统按水流方向依次包括沉砂渠1、快速过滤渠2、生态强化区3；沉砂渠1和快速过滤渠2高于生态强化区3；所述沉砂渠1的渠道整体为曲线结构；所述曲线的曲线长度根据下述公式设置，曲线长度＝水体流量÷溢流负荷，其中溢流负荷≤1.7mm/s；其黑臭水流出一侧的渠壁11上设有溢流堰13；所述快速过滤渠2内装填有可过滤黑臭水的填料，填料底部还设有可将流经填料的水导入生态强化区的集水导水装置22；所述生态强化区3内种植有植物。
按照上述公式设置沉砂渠的渠道曲线长度，可确保出水稳定在层流状态，有助于从整体上提高黑臭水的净化效果。
在一些实施例中，所述沉砂渠1的黑臭水流入的一侧渠壁11开设有进水口111，另一侧渠壁11内壁上对应所述进水111口的位置设有进水挡墙112；优选地，所述沉砂渠1设置在具有黑臭水的河道中，沉砂渠1的渠壁11高度与河堤高度一致；
优选地，所述沉砂渠1容积根据下述公式计算得到：沉砂渠容积＝水力停留时间×水流量，其中水力停留时间大于1个小时；
优选地，所述沉砂渠1的宽度为10～20米；所述进水口111设置有导流闸门1111。
沉砂渠的容积能对沉入的悬浮物有储存作用，其较大的宽度能使清理机械进入定期清理沉淀物。水力停留时间大于1个小时，这样设置的目的是：确保水体经过沉砂渠时，砂粒或其他杂质有足够的沉降时间及储存空间；沉砂渠的宽度为10～20米，采用这个宽度对净化黑臭水所起的作用是：确保后期机械能自由进出进行沉砂渠清理及维护。
在另一些实施例中，所述集水导水装置22包括快速过滤渠2的填料的底部沿沟渠渠道轴向埋设的穿孔集水管221和一端连通穿孔集水管221、另一端伸入生态强化区3内的穿孔导水管222；
优选地，所述穿孔导水管222包括导水总管2221和导水支管2222；所述导水总管2221一端连通穿孔集水管221，另一端与导水支管2222连通；所述导水支管2222一端与导水总管2221连通，另一端伸入生态强化区3内；
优选地，所述导水总管2221为若干根，均匀分布在穿孔集水管221上；所述导水支管2222为放射状的分枝结构；
优选地，导水总管2221与导水支管2222连通的一端伸入至生态强化区3中间区域；放射状的导水支管2222均匀分布于生态强化区3，且部分导水支管2222的远离导水总管2221的一端靠近整个生态强化区3的进水端。这样设置有利于将集水管221中的水均匀导入生态强化区。
在具体的实施例中，所述填料为级配填料结构；
优选地，所述级配填料结构包括上下两层；上层为粒径φ5～8mm，下层为粒径φ30～50mm。
上层采用这种粒径的好处是：形成小空隙有筛网作用，对细小悬浮物起到截流过滤，下层采用这种粒径可起到支撑作用，且空隙大，集水阻力小。
在一些实施例中，所述溢流堰13为曲线结构；
优选地，如图3所示，所述溢流堰13的曲线结构与沉砂渠1的渠道的曲线结构平行适配；
优选地，所述溢流堰13顶部设有若干溢流槽131，溢流槽131下方设有若干溢流孔132，溢流孔132孔顶与溢流槽131槽底间距0.1米；
优选地，所述溢流堰13高度比设置所述黑臭水强化处理系统的来水河道平水位低0.1mm。
溢流孔孔顶与溢流槽槽底间距0.1米，这样设置的好处在于：使其在整个面上均匀出水，并整流出水，在常水量时，沉砂池通过溢流孔溢流，当水量较大时，出水将超过溢流孔同时从上部溢流槽均匀流出，溢流孔和溢流槽均起到均匀配水作用。
在另一些实施例中，如图4所示，所述生态强化区3内，0.5～1米深度区域为种植沉水植物的沉水植物种植区31，0.1～0.5米深度区域为种植挺水植物的挺水植物种植区32、1～1.5米深度区域对应的水面上设置景观生态浮岛33、仿生水草34、和浮水喷泉曝气机35。
各个深度区域环境不同，可以去除不同种类污染物，例如，0～0.5米区域溶解氧较高，主要去除有机物及氨氮为主，0～1.5区域存在缺氧环境，主要通过反硝化去除总氮为主，对大于1.5米区域存在厌氧环境，有利于总磷污染物的去除；
本发明黑臭水强化处理系统中的生态加强区相当于改进型的表流人工湿地改进型，在现有表流人工湿地基础上构建不同水深不同植物种群，和增加喷泉式曝气构建多样菌体环境；
种植沉水植物在处理黑臭水方面的作用是：利用沉水植物对底泥中氮磷具有较强吸收净化作用；种植挺水植物在处理黑臭水方面的作用是：对水体中氨氮有较好净化作用同时起到较好景观效果；景观生态浮岛设置在1～1.5米深度区域，因为有一定水深能确保植物根系生长悬浮在水体，同时形成生物膜环境，利用水中动物及鱼类摄食，构建生态平衡；仿生水草设置于水面以下，用于构建生物膜环境，构建厌氧缺氧环境对有机物及氨氮吸收处理；浮水喷泉曝气机的作用是构建好氧环境，对有机物及氨氮处理。
第2组实施例、本发明的黑臭水强化处理工艺
本组实施例提供一种黑臭水强化处理工艺，其特征在于，采用第1组实施例任一所述的 黑臭水强化处理系统处理黑臭水。
在具体的实施例中，将所述黑臭水强化处理系统设置在待处理的河道中；所述黑臭水强化处理系统的沉砂渠渠壁与河道的水流方向不平行；
优选地，进入所述黑臭水强化处理系统的水流方向与河道垂直。
如图2所示，本发明的黑臭水强化处理系统的水流进入方向与河道垂直，系统的布置方向与河道平行。
在另一些实施例中，所述黑臭水强化处理系统的生态强化区设置在河道宽度突变较大的区段，或可设置在生态公园的上游；
优选地，所述生态公园可做为所述黑臭水强化处理系统的生态强化区。
图1中的下游河道生态缓冲区指下游景观河道，上游河道的黑臭水经本系统工艺净化后可作为下游生态景观河道用水。
在本发明之前，现有技术中尚未见到这种采用沟渠结构或堰结构处理黑臭水的报道。根据试验情况，采用本发明的系统和工艺处理黑臭水，能大大降低进入生态系统悬浮物浓度和降低后续生态系统有机负荷。相比现有技术的传统方法，本发明对进入生态系统水体进行预处理，大大降低后续生态系统底泥的累积，污染物质的释放，降低后续生态系统黑臭风险。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种黑臭水强化处理系统，其特征在于，按水流方向依次包括沉砂渠、快速过滤渠、生态强化区；沉砂渠和快速过滤渠高于生态强化区；所述沉砂渠的渠道整体为曲线结构；所述曲线的曲线长度根据下述公式设置，曲线长度＝水体流量÷溢流负荷，其中溢流负荷≤1.7mm/s；其黑臭水流出一侧的渠壁上设有溢流堰；所述快速过滤渠内装填有可过滤黑臭水的填料，填料底部还设有可将流经填料的水导入生态强化区的集水导水装置；所述生态强化区内种植有植物。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的黑臭水强化处理系统，其特征在于，所述沉砂渠的黑臭水流入的一侧渠壁开设有进水口，另一侧渠壁内壁上对应所述进水口的位置设有进水挡墙；优选地，所述沉砂渠设置在具有黑臭水的河道中，沉砂渠的渠壁高度与河堤高度一致；
    优选地，所述沉砂渠容积根据下述公式计算得到：沉砂渠容积＝水力停留时间×水流量，其中水力停留时间大于1个小时；所述沉砂渠的宽度为10～20米；所述进水口设置有导流闸门。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的黑臭水强化处理系统，其特征在于，所述集水导水装置包括快速过滤渠的填料的底部沿沟渠渠道轴向埋设的穿孔集水管和一端连通穿孔集水管、另一端伸入生态强化区内的穿孔导水管；
    优选地，所述穿孔导水管包括导水总管和导水支管；所述导水总管一端连通穿孔集水管，另一端与导水支管连通；所述导水支管一端与导水总管连通，另一端伸入生态强化区内；
    优选地，所述导水总管为若干根，均匀分布在穿孔集水管上；所述导水支管为放射状的分枝结构；
    优选地，导水总管与导水支管连通的一端伸入至生态强化区中间区域；放射状的导水支管均匀分布于生态强化区，且部分导水支管的远离导水总管的一端靠近整个生态强化区的进水端。这样设置有利于将集水管中的水均匀导入生态强化区。
  4. 根据权利要求1或3所述的黑臭水强化处理系统，其特征在于，所述填料为级配填料结构；
    优选地，所述级配填料结构包括上下两层；上层为粒径φ5～8mm，下层为粒径φ30～50mm。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的黑臭水强化处理系统，其特征在于，所述溢流堰为曲线结构；
    优选地，所述溢流堰的曲线结构与沉砂渠的渠道的曲线结构平行适配；
    优选地，所述溢流堰顶部设有若干溢流槽，溢流槽下方设有若干溢流孔，溢流孔孔顶与溢流槽槽底间距0.1米；
    优选地，所述溢流堰高度比设置所述黑臭水强化处理系统的来水河道平水位低0.1mm。
  6. 根据权利要求1或3所述的黑臭水强化处理系统，其特征在于，所述生态强化区内，0.5～1米深度区域种植沉水植物，0.1～0.5米深度区域种植挺水植物、1～1.5米深度区域对应的水面上设置景观生态浮岛、仿生水草、和浮水喷泉曝气机。
  7. 黑臭水强化处理工艺，其特征在于，采用权利要求1-5任一所述的黑臭水强化处理系统处理黑臭水。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的黑臭水强化处理工艺，其特征在于，将所述黑臭水强化处理系统设置在待处理的河道中；所述黑臭水强化处理系统的沉砂渠渠壁与河道的水流方向不平行；
    优选地，进入所述黑臭水强化处理系统的水流方向与河道垂直。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的黑臭水强化处理工艺，其特征在于，所述黑臭水强化处理系统的生态强化区设置在河道宽度突变较大的区段，或可设置在生态公园的上游；
    优选地，所述生态公园可做为所述黑臭水强化处理系统的生态强化区。
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