WO2021039594A1 - フッ素ガスの製造方法 - Google Patents
フッ素ガスの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing fluorine gas.
- Fluorine gas (F 2 ) and fluorine-containing organic compounds are widely used in the fields of nuclear industry, semiconductor industry, medical and agricultural chemicals, and consumer products. Among them, fluorine gas is a highly reactive substance, so the reaction for producing fluorine gas must be an endothermic reaction. Therefore, fluorine gas cannot be produced by a method other than the electrolysis method, which easily causes an endothermic reaction, and most of the fluorine gas is produced by the electrolysis method. In addition, many fluorine-containing organic compounds are synthesized by a direct fluorination reaction.
- the hydrogen atom of the organic compound is replaced with a fluorine atom to generate a fluorine-containing organic compound, and at the same time, the organic compound is replaced with a fluorine atom to remove from the organic compound.
- Fluorine (HF) is by-produced from the separated hydrogen atom.
- this direct fluorination reaction is an exothermic reaction in which a large amount of heat of reaction is generated, the temperature of the reaction field tends to rise. Therefore, it is easy to generate a fluorine-containing organic compound as a by-product other than the fluorine-containing organic compound as the target component. Therefore, the by-product hydrogen fluoride and the by-product remaining after separating the fluorine-containing organic compound as the target component are contained. By-products containing fluoroorganic compounds were often discarded. If the discarded by-product hydrogen fluoride can be reused as a raw material for producing fluorine gas by the electrolytic method, the production cost of the fluorine-containing organic compound as the target component can be reduced, which is economical.
- Patent Document 1 describes that it is desirable that the electrolytic solution does not contain water because the anodic voltage increases when water is present in the electrolytic solution, and it is used as a raw material for producing fluorine gas by an electrolytic method. It can be seen that it is desirable that water is not contained in the hydrogen fluoride.
- hydrogen fluoride by-produced when fluorinated by reacting a raw material compound with fluorine gas to produce a fluorinated product of a target component can be reused as a raw material for producing fluorine gas by an electrolytic method. It is an object to provide a manufacturing method for fluorine.
- one aspect of the present invention is as follows [1] to [8].
- [1] The main fluorinated product of the target component produced by reacting the raw material compound with fluorine gas to fluorinate the raw material compound, and the sub-fluorine of the non-target component produced by fluorinating the raw material compound.
- An electrolysis step of producing fluorine gas by performing electrolysis using the recovered hydrogen fluoride component as at least a part of an electrolytic solution and In order to make the fluorine gas obtained in the electrolysis step at least a part of the fluorine gas used in the fluorination step, the fluorine gas obtained in the electrolysis step is introduced into the fluorination reaction field in the fluorination step. Introductory process and A method for producing fluorine gas.
- the organic matter contained in the by-product is the unreacted raw material compound, the subfluorinated product, the raw material compound coexisting with the raw material compound and the fluorine gas in the fluorination reaction field, and the fluorinated product of the solvent.
- the raw material compound and the diluting gas coexisting with the fluorine gas in the fluorination reaction field, the fluorinated product of the diluting gas, the organic compound used in the reaction apparatus in which the fluorination is performed, and the organic compound which may exist in the reaction field.
- the method for producing a fluorine gas according to [1] which is at least one of the fluorinated compounds of the organic compound.
- the method for purifying the by-product in the purification step is any one of [1] to [4], which is a method using at least one of a distillation operation, an adsorption operation, and a liquid-liquid separation operation.
- hydrogen fluoride by-produced when fluorinated by reacting a raw material compound with fluorine gas to produce a fluorinated product of a target component is used as a raw material for producing fluorine gas by an electrolysis method. It is reusable and economical, and the performance of the electrodes used for electrolysis is less likely to deteriorate, and stable electrolysis can be performed.
- the method for producing a fluorine gas includes a fluorination step, a separation step, a purification step, an electrolysis step, and an introduction step (see FIG. 1).
- the fluorination step the raw material compound is reacted with fluorine gas to perform fluorination, and the main fluorinated product of the target component produced by fluorinating the raw material compound and the sub-fluorine of the non-target component produced by fluorinating the raw material compound.
- This is a step of obtaining a reaction mixture containing a compound and by-product hydrogen fluoride produced as a by-product in fluorination.
- the reaction mixture obtained in the fluorination step is separated, and a main product containing the main fluoride as the most component and a sub product other than the main product and containing by-product hydrogen fluoride. This is the process of obtaining the produced amount.
- the by-product obtained by the separation in the separation step is purified to obtain a recovered hydrogen fluoride component in which the concentration of the organic matter contained in the by-product is reduced and the concentration of by-product hydrogen fluoride is increased. This is the process of obtaining.
- the purification step provides a recovered hydrogen fluoride component containing a high concentration of hydrogen fluoride.
- the electrolysis step is a step of producing fluorine gas by performing electrolysis using the recovered hydrogen fluoride component obtained in the purification step as at least a part of the electrolytic solution.
- the introduction step since the fluorine gas obtained in the electrolysis step is at least a part of the fluorine gas used in the fluorination step, the step of introducing the fluorine gas obtained in the electrolysis step into the fluorination reaction field in the fluorination step. Is.
- the by-product contains components other than the main product, but may contain various organic substances together with by-product hydrogen fluoride.
- an unreacted raw material compound and a by-fluoride may be contained in the by-product.
- the reaction in the fluorination step, the reaction may be carried out by coexisting a solvent or a diluting gas in the fluorination reaction field, but when the solvent or the diluting gas is organic, the solvent or the fluorinated product of the solvent is used. Diluted gas and fluorinated product of diluted gas may be contained in the by-product as an organic substance.
- an organic compound such as oil is used in the reaction apparatus in which fluorination is performed, and the reaction may be carried out in a state where the organic compound such as oil is present in the reaction field.
- the organic compound such as oil
- the fluorinated product of the organic compound may be contained in the by-product as an organic substance. It is preferable that the by-product contains hydrogen fluoride as the most component from the viewpoint of easiness of purification of the by-product.
- recovered hydrogen fluoride is obtained by purifying the by-product, reducing the concentration of organic substances contained in the by-product, and increasing the concentration of by-product hydrogen fluoride. It has a purification process to obtain the ingredients. Therefore, since the concentration of the organic substance contained in the recovered hydrogen fluoride component is low, the recovered hydrogen fluoride component can be reused as at least a part of the electrolytic solution for producing fluorine gas by the electrolytic method.
- fluorine gas since by-product hydrogen fluoride can be effectively reused, fluorine gas can be economically produced, and the economy of the main fluoride of the target component can be economically produced. It also contributes to general manufacturing. Further, according to the method for producing fluorine gas according to the present embodiment, the performance of the electrode used for electrolysis is less likely to deteriorate, and stable electrolysis can be performed for a long period of time.
- the method for producing fluorine gas according to the present embodiment will be described in more detail below.
- the form of the electrolytic cell used in the electrolysis step is not particularly limited, and for example, any electrolytic cell capable of electrolyzing a molten salt electrolytic solution containing hydrogen fluoride to generate fluorine gas is carried out. It can be used in the method for producing fluorine gas according to the form.
- a carbonaceous electrode such as a diamond electrode, a graphite electrode, or an amorphous carbon electrode can be used as the anode of the electrolytic cell, and a metal electrode such as iron, copper, nickel, or monel can be used as the cathode.
- the electrolytic solution for example, a molten salt KF / 2HF containing hydrogen fluoride (melting point is about 72 ° C.) can be used.
- the main body of the electrolytic cell can be made of a metal such as iron, nickel, or monel, but a corrosion-resistant alloy such as monel is preferable because the electrolytic solution is corrosive.
- the hydrogen fluoride may be supplied to the electrolytic tank by transferring the raw material hydrogen fluoride contained in the raw material hydrogen fluoride tank, or the recovered hydrogen fluoride obtained by the purification step. It may be carried out by transferring the components, or by both of these.
- the raw material hydrogen fluoride and the recovered hydrogen fluoride component may be supplied to the electrolytic cell in advance, or may be separately supplied to the electrolytic cell.
- the hydrogen fluoride-containing fluorine gas discharged from the electrolytic cell is sent to the fluorination process through the introduction process and used for fluorination in which the fluorine gas is reacted with the raw material compound.
- the temperature and pressure of the fluorination reaction in the fluorination step, and the concentrations of the fluorine gas and the raw material compound are not uniquely determined because they depend on the type and reaction form of the raw material compound, but each is controlled to an appropriate predetermined value. React while doing.
- the type of fluorination reaction is not particularly limited, and is a gas phase direct fluorination reaction in which fluorine gas is reacted with a gas phase raw material compound, a liquid phase direct fluorination reaction in which fluorine gas is reacted with a liquid phase raw material compound, Any of the solid direct fluorination reaction in which the fluorine gas is reacted with the solid raw material compound may be adopted.
- the type of the starting compound is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, esters, ketones, carboxylic acids, etc., and have 2 or more and 18 or less carbon atoms. Moreover, a compound having one or more hydrogen atoms is preferable. In a compound having 2 or more and 18 or less carbon atoms and 1 or more hydrogen atoms, a side reaction in which the carbon-carbon bond is cleaved is unlikely to occur due to the heat of reaction of the fluorination reaction.
- alkanes and halogenated alkanes are preferable as the compounds having 2 or more and 18 or less carbon atoms and 1 or more hydrogen atoms.
- this halogenated alkane a part or all of the hydrogen atoms contained in the alkane are replaced with halogen atoms other than fluorine.
- 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobutane 1,1,2,3,4,4-hexafluoro-1,2,3,4- as the main fluoride.
- Tetrachlorobutane is produced, and dichlorotetrafluoroethane, 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane and the like are produced as by-fluorinated compounds.
- the fluorine gas and the raw material compound may be diluted with a diluting gas that does not easily react with the fluorine gas and used for fluorination, and the diluted gas is organic. It may be sex.
- the raw material compound of the liquid phase in order to reduce the amount of heat of reaction, may be diluted with a solvent (liquid solvent) that does not easily react with fluorine gas and used for fluorination.
- the solvent may be organic.
- a blower for circulating the gas in the reaction field may be installed as a part of the reactor in which fluorination is performed, and the liquid may be installed.
- fluorination is performed by a stirrer for stirring the liquid in the reaction field (reactor) and a pump for sending the liquid in the reaction field (reactor) to the next step. It may be installed as part of a reactor. Since an organic compound such as hydraulic oil may be used in a device such as a blower, the organic compound such as hydraulic oil leaks into a region of the reaction device in contact with hydrogen fluoride and exists in the reaction field. There is a risk.
- the by-produced components (such as by-product hydrogen fluoride) obtained by the separation step may contain organic substances in addition to the by-fluorinated products. That is, the by-produced component (by-product hydrogen fluoride or the like) obtained by the separation step may contain the above-mentioned diluent gas, solvent, organic compound, and fluorinated products thereof.
- diluted gases include nitrogen gas, helium, and argon, which are inert gases, and tetrafluoromethane (CF 4 ), hexafluoroethane (C 2 F 6 ), and chloro, which are organic gases that do not easily react with fluorine gas.
- CF 4 tetrafluoromethane
- C 2 F 6 hexafluoroethane
- chloro which are organic gases that do not easily react with fluorine gas.
- examples thereof include pentafluoroethane (C 2 ClF 5 ) and perfluoropropane (C 3 F 8).
- solvent examples include acetonitrile (CH 3 CN), methanol, trichlorofluoromethane, carbon tetrachloride, trichlorotrifluoroethane, hexafluorotetrachlorobutane, trichloroheptafluorobutane and the like.
- organic compounds such as hydraulic oils include chlorotrifluoroethylene polymers (for example, trade name Difloyl TM) and perfluoropolyethers (for example, trade name von Bryn TM).
- chlorotrifluoroethylene polymers for example, trade name Difloyl TM
- perfluoropolyethers for example, trade name von Bryn TM.
- the chlorotrifluoroethylene polymer and perfluoropolyether may be used as a sealing material for a working part or the like, and may leak into a region of the reactor that comes into contact with hydrogen fluoride. Therefore, these organic compounds may be contained in the recovered hydrogen fluoride component.
- the method for purifying the by-product in the purification step is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method using at least one of a distillation operation, an adsorption operation, and a liquid-liquid separation operation.
- a distillation column such as a shelf type or a filling type can be used.
- Purification is performed by supplying the by-products of the gas phase or liquid phase taken out from the reactor as they are to the distillation column and distilling and removing the components having a boiling point lower than that of hydrogen fluoride and the components having a boiling point higher than that of hydrogen fluoride. This is performed to obtain a recovered hydrogen fluoride component in which the concentration of organic matter is reduced and the concentration of by-product hydrogen fluoride is increased.
- Organic substances that are difficult to remove even by distillation operation are removed by adsorption operation that is adsorbed by a packing tower filled with at least one of activated carbon and alumina, or if the organic substances are not dissolved in hydrogen fluoride, they are removed by liquid-liquid separation operation. To do. It is more preferable to distribute the by-product to the activated carbon adsorption tower after performing the distillation operation because the organic matter can be effectively reduced.
- the total concentration of organic substances in the recovered hydrogen fluoride component obtained by purifying the by-product is preferably 200 mass ppm or less, more preferably 100 mass ppm or less, and further preferably 50 mass ppm or less. Most preferably, it is 10 mass ppm or less.
- the concentration of organic substances in the recovered hydrogen fluoride component is diluted by the hydrogen fluoride supplied from the raw material hydrogen fluoride tank, and the diluted concentration is in the hydrogen fluoride used as the electrolytic solution in the electrolysis step. It is the concentration of organic matter. Therefore, the diluted concentration (concentration of organic matter in hydrogen fluoride used as an electrolytic solution in the electrolysis step) may be 100 mass ppm or less.
- Patent Document 2 describes the behavior of the anode when water is supplied to the electrolytic cell. When water is electrolyzed, an oxide film is formed on the surface of the carbon electrode, which is the anode, and this film is transformed into a fluoride film, which makes it difficult to get wet with the electrolytic solution and raises the electrolysis voltage. There is a description.
- Examples of organic substances that may be contained in the recovered hydrogen fluoride component recovered from the fluorination reaction of the raw material compound include chlorofluorocarbons, fluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, and hydrofluorocarbons. Since these organic substances are organic substances produced by the fluorination reaction between the raw material compound and the fluorine gas, they are converted into a form that does not easily react even if they come into contact with the fluorine gas. Therefore, these organic substances do not ionize in the electrolytic solution and exist as molecules, and since they are suspended in a dissolved state or a liquid phase state, they are irrelevant that do not participate in the electrode reaction like water. It can be thought of as a substance.
- nickel can be used as the anode in addition to the carbonaceous anode.
- a nickel anode since a nickel dissolution reaction occurs, it may not be possible to use it for long-term electrolysis due to wear of the electrode. Therefore, a carbonaceous anode is generally used in the electrolysis process.
- HFTCB 1,1,2,3,4,5-hexafluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobutane
- KF / 2HF electrolytic solution temperature of the electrolytic solution.
- the current value decreases by about 10% when no addition is added, and the concentration of HFTCB is 10,000 mass ppm. If this is the case, almost no current will flow (see FIG. 2).
- HFTCB solubility of HFTCB in the electrolytic solution was not so high, and when the amount added was more than 500 mass ppm, HFTCB was separated into two layers on the surface of the electrolytic solution. Despite the state where the two layers are separated, the influence on the electrode reaction depends on the concentration depending on the amount of HFTCB added. Therefore, when HFTCB dissolved in the electrolytic solution is adsorbed on the electrode and the HFTCB in the electrolytic solution decreases, the two layers are separated. It is considered that the electrode is deteriorated by the mechanism that the separated HFTCB dissolves in the electrolytic solution.
- the fluorine gas generated during electrolysis was analyzed, but no organic matter was present in the fluorine gas.
- HFTCB when the fluorine gas generated by electrolysis reacts with HFTCB, HFTCB is not discharged from the electrolytic solution, and if HFTCB is present in hydrogen fluoride, HFTCB gradually accumulates in the electrolytic solution and accumulates.
- the concentration of organic substances in hydrogen fluoride is also 200 mass ppm or less. The lower the concentration of the organic substance in hydrogen fluoride, the less the above-mentioned influence. Therefore, the concentration of the organic substance in hydrogen fluoride is more preferably 100 mass ppm or less, and further preferably 50 mass ppm or less. Most preferably, it is 10 mass ppm or less.
- Patent Document 3 describes the following three types of methods for the organic electrolytic fluorination reaction, but these methods are not related to the effects of the present invention.
- (1) Simmons method in which an organic substance is dissolved in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride and fluorinated with a nickel anode.
- (2) A Philip method in which KF and 2HF are used as the electrolytic solution, and a gaseous organic substance is blown into an electrolytic cell and fluorinated with a carbon anode.
- a method in which a fluorine source and an organic substance are dissolved in an aprotic solvent and fluorinated with a diamond electrode.
- the organic matter used in these methods is a compound that is susceptible to a fluorination reaction, and the reaction in which the fluorine atoms generated at the electrode by electrolysis fluorinate the hydrogen atoms in the organic matter proceeds, so the organic matter near the electrode becomes the electrode. Before being adsorbed, it undergoes a fluorination reaction by fluorine atoms on the surface of the electrode. Therefore, the organic substance does not accumulate on the surface of the electrode and diffuses into the electrolytic solution from the vicinity of the electrode.
- the organic substance in the present invention is an organic substance generated in the fluorination step, it is a compound that does not easily cause a fluorination reaction. Therefore, the organic matter in the vicinity of the electrode rarely interacts with the fluorine atom on the electrode, causing a phenomenon of being adsorbed on the electrode.
- the waveform of the cyclic voltammogram obtained by scanning in the range of 0 V to 10 V at the tank voltage is the same when HFTCB is added to the KF / 2HF electrolyte and when HFTCB is not added. The current corresponding to the oxidation in the reaction cannot be observed, indicating that HFTCB does not contribute to the fluorination reaction.
- Example 1 As a fluorination reaction, fluorine gas is reacted with 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobutane (hereinafter referred to as "TCB"), which is a raw material compound, and 1,1,2,3, which is a main fluorinated product, is reacted. , 4,4-Hexafluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobutane (boiling point 134 ° C.) was synthesized.
- TCB 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobutane
- the fluorine gas-containing gas was supplied into the reaction solution from the fluorine gas supply port provided in the lower part of the stirrer in the reactor, and the supply amount of the fluorine gas-containing gas was 277 L / min (0 ° C., 0 MPaG conversion). ..
- An exhaust gas pipe for discharging gas in the reactor is connected to the portion of the reactor facing the gas phase portion, and a control valve for adjusting the pressure in the reactor is attached to the exhaust gas pipe. There is. Then, the reaction was carried out while adjusting the pressure of the gas phase portion in the reactor to 0.05 MPaG with a gauge pressure by the control valve.
- An extraction tube for extracting the reaction solution in the reactor is connected to the portion of the reactor facing the liquid phase portion.
- the hydrogen atom of TCB was replaced with a fluorine atom to form HFTCB, and at the same time, hydrogen fluoride was produced as a by-product.
- the liquid phase portion in the reactor was the main product in which HFTCB was the largest component, and was separated and transferred as a liquid substance in the separation step. Since hydrogen fluoride has a boiling point of 19.5 ° C., the by-produced portion containing by-product hydrogen fluoride as the largest component is extracted from the gas phase portion in the reactor to the outside of the reactor via the exhaust gas pipe. Is issued.
- Liquid A contains various organic substances (for example, organic substances produced by the fluorination reaction).
- solution A was charged into a filling distillation column.
- This distillation column is made of stainless steel, the column diameter is 20 mm, the filling layer height is 1 m, and the filling is a stainless steel ring.
- the container at the bottom of the column was heated to 20 ° C., the top of the column was cooled to 0 ° C., and the uncondensed component was distilled to the outside of the distillation column at normal pressure. When the pressure increase disappeared, the exhaust of the uncondensed portion from the tower top was stopped, the gas phase part was extracted from the tower top while refluxing, and the condensed liquid (hydrogen fluoride) was collected.
- This collected liquid is hereinafter referred to as "B liquid”.
- the concentration of dichlorotetrafluoroethane was 27 mass ppm
- the concentration of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane was 12 mass ppm
- the concentration of HFTCB was At 3 mass ppm
- the concentration of other organic substances was 1 mass ppm or less, which is the lower limit of detection. That is, the total amount of organic substances contained in the liquid B was 43 mass ppm or less.
- an adsorption tower filled with activated carbon in a container having a volume of 300 mL was prepared, and the solution B was purified by flowing through the adsorption tower.
- the liquid (hydrogen fluoride) purified by the adsorption tower is hereinafter referred to as "C liquid".
- C liquid The liquid (hydrogen fluoride) purified by the adsorption tower.
- the method for quantifying organic substances in hydrogen fluoride is as follows. That is, a mixed gas obtained by mixing a gasified sample with nitrogen gas was circulated to an alkaline aqueous solution or soda lime to neutralize hydrogen fluoride, and the neutralized mixed gas was analyzed by a gas chromatograph.
- an electrolytic cell material is Monel
- 500 mL of KF / 2HF was prepared and the electrolytic solution was electrolyzed to produce fluorine gas.
- the anode of the electrolytic cell is a diamond electrode and the cathode is a nickel electrode, and the areas of the facing surfaces of the two electrodes facing each other are 1 cm 2.
- this electrolytic cell has a pipe for discharging the generated fluorine gas and hydrogen gas from the electrolytic cell, and a pipe for supplying hydrogen fluoride to the electrolytic cell.
- Example 2 Constant current electrolysis was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the solution B of Example 1 was used as the hydrogen fluoride to be replenished in the electrolytic cell.
- solution B of Example 1 was used as the hydrogen fluoride to be replenished in the electrolytic cell.
- 39 g of solution B was replenished every 100 hours, and during 1000 hours of constant current electrolysis, a total of 390 g of hydrogen fluoride was replenished, but the tank voltage only increased to 7.2 V. Therefore, there was no change in the amount of fluorine gas generated.
- Example 1 Constant current electrolysis was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the solution A of Example 1 was used as the hydrogen fluoride to be replenished in the electrolytic cell.
- the first hydrogen fluoride replenishment was performed 100 hours after the start of constant current electrolysis.
- the replenishment amount is 40 g.
- the tank voltage rose to 8.0 V.
- 40 g of the solution A was replenished every 100 hours.
- the tank voltage rises to 9.1V in the energization after the third replenishment after 300 hours, and the tank voltage rises to 10.5V in the energization after the sixth replenishment after 600 hours, and the ninth time after 900 hours.
- the tank voltage rose to 11.5V when energized after replenishment. In this way, the tank voltage gradually increased without being stable and shook off, making it impossible to continue constant current electrolysis.
- TFE 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane
- PFE perfluoroethane
- Fluorine gas and TFE are supplied to a tubular reactor with an inner diameter of 50 cm, a length of 8 m, and a capacity of 1570 L, and the temperature of the reactor is controlled to 350 ° C. at a reaction pressure of 0.2 MPaG (gauge pressure). The reaction was carried out.
- the fluorine gas was diluted with PFE to a concentration of 4% by volume and supplied, and the supply amount as the fluorine gas was 30 Nm 3 .
- TFE was diluted with PFE to a concentration of 2% by volume and supplied, and the supply amount as TFE was 15 Nm 3 .
- the separation step the gas discharged from the outlet of the reactor is cooled to ⁇ 45 ° C., the uncondensed gas is used for purification of PFE, and the liquefied by-product hydrogen fluoride is the most component of the by-product. 50 kg of the liquid was separated.
- the separated liquid (hereinafter referred to as “D liquid”) contains various organic substances (for example, organic substances produced by the fluorination reaction).
- the concentration of nonafluorobutane (boiling point 20 to 30 ° C.) produced by coupling with TFE was 150 mass ppm, and the concentration of unreacted TFE was 220 mass ppm. It was ppm.
- Liquid D was distilled using the distillation column used in Example 1, and a solution containing hydrogen fluoride as a main component (hereinafter referred to as “liquid E”) was collected in a container at the top of the column.
- liquid E a solution containing hydrogen fluoride as a main component
- the concentration of nonaflate butane was 21 mass ppm and the concentration of TFE was 18 mass ppm.
- Electrolysis was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, and 39 g of solution E was supplied every 100 hours to replenish the lost hydrogen fluoride. In the constant current electrolysis for 1000 hours, a total of 390 g of hydrogen fluoride was replenished, but the tank voltage only increased to 7.2 V, and the amount of fluorine gas generated did not change.
- Example 2 Constant current electrolysis was performed in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the solution D of Example 3 was used as the hydrogen fluoride to be replenished in the electrolytic cell.
- the first hydrogen fluoride replenishment was performed 100 hours after the start of constant current electrolysis.
- the replenishment amount is 40 g.
- the tank voltage rose to 8.2 V, and a bursting noise was occasionally generated.
- 40 g of liquid D is replenished every 100 hours, and the tank voltage rises to 10.9 V when the power is applied after the third replenishment after 300 hours, and the tank voltage is shaken off when the power is applied after the sixth replenishment after 600 hours. Therefore, it became impossible to continue constant current electrolysis.
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Abstract
Description
また、多くの含フッ素有機化合物は、直接フッ素化反応により合成される。直接フッ素化反応においては、有機化合物にフッ素ガスを反応させることにより、有機化合物が有する水素原子がフッ素原子に置換されて含フッ素有機化合物が生成すると同時に、フッ素原子に置換されて有機化合物から脱離した前述の水素原子からフッ化水素(HF)が副生する。
廃棄されていた副生フッ化水素を、電解法によるフッ素ガス製造の原料として再利用することができれば、目的成分の含フッ素有機化合物の製造コストを低下させることができ経済的である。
例えば特許文献1には、電解液中に水分が存在すると陽極電圧を上昇させるため、電解液中には水分が含有されないことが望ましいことが記載されており、電解法によるフッ素ガス製造の原料となるフッ化水素中にも水分が含有されないことが望ましいことが分かる。
本発明は、原料化合物にフッ素ガスを反応させてフッ素化し目的成分のフッ素化物を製造する際に副生する副生フッ化水素を、電解法によるフッ素ガス製造の原料として再利用可能なフッ素ガスの製造方法を提供することを課題とする。
[1] 原料化合物にフッ素ガスを反応させてフッ素化を行い、前記原料化合物がフッ素化して生成した目的成分の主フッ素化物と、前記原料化合物がフッ素化して副生した非目的成分の副フッ素化物と、前記フッ素化において副生した副生フッ化水素と、を含有する反応混合物を得るフッ素化工程と、
前記反応混合物を分離して、前記主フッ素化物を最多成分として含有する主生成分と、前記主生成分以外の成分であって前記副生フッ化水素を含有する副生成分と、を得る分離工程と、
前記副生成分を精製して、前記副生成分が含有する有機物の濃度を低減し且つ前記副生フッ化水素の濃度を高めた回収フッ化水素成分を得る精製工程と、
前記回収フッ化水素成分を電解液の少なくとも一部として使用して電解を行い、フッ素ガスを製造する電解工程と、
前記電解工程で得たフッ素ガスを、前記フッ素化工程において使用するフッ素ガスの少なくとも一部とするため、前記フッ素化工程における前記フッ素化の反応場に前記電解工程で得たフッ素ガスを導入する導入工程と、
を備えるフッ素ガスの製造方法。
[4] 前記の炭素原子を2個以上18個以下有し且つ水素原子を1個以上有する化合物は、アルカン又はハロゲン化アルカンであり、前記ハロゲン化アルカンは、アルカンが有する水素原子の一部又は全部がフッ素以外のハロゲン原子に置換されたものである[3]に記載のフッ素ガスの製造方法。
[5] 前記精製工程における前記副生成分の精製方法は、蒸留操作、吸着操作、及び液液分離操作のうち少なくとも一つを用いる方法である[1]~[4]のいずれか一項に記載のフッ素ガスの製造方法。
[7] 前記吸着操作は、前記副生成分中の前記有機物を、活性炭及びアルミナの少なくとも一方を有する吸着剤に吸着させるものである[5]に記載のフッ素ガスの製造方法。
[8] 前記精製工程においては、前記回収フッ化水素成分中の前記有機物の合計濃度が200質量ppm以下となるように前記副生成分を精製する[1]~[7]のいずれか一項に記載のフッ素ガスの製造方法。
フッ素化工程は、原料化合物にフッ素ガスを反応させてフッ素化を行い、原料化合物がフッ素化して生成した目的成分の主フッ素化物と、原料化合物がフッ素化して副生した非目的成分の副フッ素化物と、フッ素化において副生した副生フッ化水素と、を含有する反応混合物を得る工程である。
精製工程は、分離工程における分離により得られた副生成分を精製して、副生成分が含有する有機物の濃度を低減し、且つ副生フッ化水素の濃度を高めた回収フッ化水素成分を得る工程である。精製工程により、高濃度のフッ化水素を含有する回収フッ化水素成分が得られる。
導入工程は、電解工程で得たフッ素ガスを、フッ素化工程において使用するフッ素ガスの少なくとも一部とするため、フッ素化工程におけるフッ素化の反応場に電解工程で得たフッ素ガスを導入する工程である。
電解工程に使用する電解槽の形態には特に制限がなく、例えば、フッ化水素を含有する溶融塩電解液を電気分解してフッ素ガスを発生させることが可能な電解槽であれば、本実施形態に係るフッ素ガスの製造方法に使用可能である。電解槽の陽極としては、ダイヤモンド電極、グラファイト電極、不定形炭素電極等の炭素質電極を用いることができ、陰極としては、鉄、銅、ニッケル、モネル等の金属電極を用いることができる。電解液としては、例えば、フッ化水素を含有する溶融塩KF・2HF(融点は約72℃)を用いることができる。電解槽の本体は鉄、ニッケル、モネル等の金属製とすることができるが、電解液が腐食性であるため、モネル等の耐食性合金が好ましい。
例えば、原料化合物として1,2,3,4-テトラクロロブタンを使用した場合には、主フッ素化物として1,1,2,3,4,4-ヘキサフルオロ-1,2,3,4-テトラクロロブタンが生成し、副フッ素化物として、ジクロロテトラフルオロエタンや1,1-ジクロロ-2,2,2-トリフルオロエタンなどが生成する。
溶媒の例としては、アセトニトリル(CH3CN)、メタノール、トリクロロフルオロメタン、四塩化炭素、トリクロロトリフルオロエタン、ヘキサフルオロテトラクロロブタン、トリクロロヘプタフルオロブタンなどが挙げられる。
精製工程における副生成分の精製方法は特に限定されるものではないが、蒸留操作、吸着操作、及び液液分離操作のうち少なくとも一つを用いる方法が挙げられる。
蒸留操作を実施した後に副生成分を活性炭の吸着塔に流通すると、有機物を効果的に低減することができるので、より好ましい。
副生成分を精製した回収フッ化水素成分中の有機物の合計濃度は、200質量ppm以下であることが好ましく、100質量ppm以下であることがより好ましく、50質量ppm以下であることがさらに好ましく、10質量ppm以下であることが最も好ましい。
特許文献2には、水が電解槽に供給されたときの陽極の挙動についての記載がある。水が電解されると、陽極である炭素電極の表面に酸化物の被膜が形成され、この被膜がフッ化物の被膜に変質することによって、電解液に対する濡れが悪くなり、電解電圧が上昇するとの記載がある。
電極を劣化させるメカニズムについては明確ではないが、この電流値低下の現象は、フッ素化工程から回収されるフッ化水素に含有される有機物がその他の有機物である場合でも、同様に生じる。
(1)無水フッ化水素に有機物を溶かしてニッケル陽極でフッ素化するシモンズ法。
(2)電解液としてKF・2HFを用い、ガス状の有機物を電解槽に吹き込み炭素陽極でフッ素化するフィリップ法。
(3)非プロトン性溶媒にフッ素源と有機物とを溶かしてダイヤモンド電極でフッ素化を行う方法。
〔実施例1〕
フッ素化反応として、フッ素ガスと、原料化合物である1,2,3,4-テトラクロロブタン(以下「TCB」と記す)とを反応させて、主フッ素化物である1,1,2,3,4,4-ヘキサフルオロ-1,2,3,4-テトラクロロブタン(沸点134℃)を合成する反応を行った。
反応器における気相部分に面する部分には、反応器内のガスを排出する排ガス用配管が接続されており、該排ガス用配管には反応器内の圧力を調節する調節弁が取り付けられている。そして、該調節弁により、反応器内の気相部分の圧力をゲージ圧で0.05MPaGに調節しつつ、反応を行った。反応器における液相部分に面する部分には、反応器内の反応液を抜き出す抜き出し管が接続されている。
なお、フッ化水素中の有機物の定量方法は、以下の通りである。すなわち、ガス化したサンプルに窒素ガスを混合した混合ガスをアルカリ水溶液やソーダライムに流通してフッ化水素を中和し、中和後の混合ガスをガスクロマトグラフで分析した。
電解槽に補充するフッ化水素として実施例1のB液を用いた点以外は、実施例1と同様にして定電流電解を行った。定電流電解を開始して100時間毎に39gずつB液を補充し、1000時間の定電流電解の間に、合計390gのフッ化水素を補充したが、槽電圧が7.2Vに上昇したのみで、フッ素ガスの発生量に変化はなかった。
電解槽に補充するフッ化水素として実施例1のA液を用いた点以外は、実施例1と同様にして定電流電解を行った。定電流電解を開始して100時間後に、最初のフッ化水素の補充を行った。補充量は40gである。補充後に再び定電流電解を開始したところ、槽電圧は8.0Vに上昇した。その後、さらに100時間経過毎にA液を40gずつ補充した。
フッ素化反応として、フッ素ガスと、原料化合物である1,1,2,2-テトラフルオロエタン(以下「TFE」と記す)とを反応させて、主フッ素化物であるパーフルオロエタン(以下「PFE」と記す)を気相反応で合成する反応を行った。
D液中に含有される有機物をガスクロマトグラフで分析したところ、TFEがカップリングして生成したノナフルオロブタン(沸点20~30℃)の濃度が150質量ppm、未反応のTFEの濃度が220質量ppmであった。
実施例1と同様に電解を行い、E液を100時間毎に39gずつ供給することにより、消失したフッ化水素の補充を行った。1000時間の定電流電解においてフッ化水素の補充は全部で390g行ったが、槽電圧は7.2Vに上昇したのみで、フッ素ガスの発生量に変化はなかった。
電解槽に補充するフッ化水素として実施例3のD液を用いた点以外は、実施例3と同様にして定電流電解を行った。定電流電解を開始して100時間後に、最初のフッ化水素の補充を行った。補充量は40gである。補充後に再び定電流電解を開始したところ、槽電圧は8.2Vに上昇し、ときおり破裂音が発生した。100時間毎に40gずつD液を補充し、300時間後の3回目の補充後の通電では槽電圧が10.9Vに上昇し、600時間後の6回目の補充後の通電では槽電圧が振り切れてしまい、定電流電解の継続が不可能になった。
Claims (8)
- 原料化合物にフッ素ガスを反応させてフッ素化を行い、前記原料化合物がフッ素化して生成した目的成分の主フッ素化物と、前記原料化合物がフッ素化して副生した非目的成分の副フッ素化物と、前記フッ素化において副生した副生フッ化水素と、を含有する反応混合物を得るフッ素化工程と、
前記反応混合物を分離して、前記主フッ素化物を最多成分として含有する主生成分と、前記主生成分以外の成分であって前記副生フッ化水素を含有する副生成分と、を得る分離工程と、
前記副生成分を精製して、前記副生成分が含有する有機物の濃度を低減し且つ前記副生フッ化水素の濃度を高めた回収フッ化水素成分を得る精製工程と、
前記回収フッ化水素成分を電解液の少なくとも一部として使用して電解を行い、フッ素ガスを製造する電解工程と、
前記電解工程で得たフッ素ガスを、前記フッ素化工程において使用するフッ素ガスの少なくとも一部とするため、前記フッ素化工程における前記フッ素化の反応場に前記電解工程で得たフッ素ガスを導入する導入工程と、
を備えるフッ素ガスの製造方法。 - 前記副生成分が含有する前記有機物は、未反応の前記原料化合物、前記副フッ素化物、前記フッ素化の反応場に前記原料化合物及び前記フッ素ガスと共存させる溶媒、前記溶媒のフッ素化物、前記フッ素化の反応場に前記原料化合物及び前記フッ素ガスと共存させる希釈ガス、前記希釈ガスのフッ素化物、前記フッ素化が行われる反応装置に使用され前記反応場に存在し得る有機化合物、及び前記有機化合物のフッ素化物のうちの少なくとも一つである請求項1に記載のフッ素ガスの製造方法。
- 前記原料化合物は炭素原子を2個以上18個以下有し且つ水素原子を1個以上有する化合物である請求項1又は請求項2に記載のフッ素ガスの製造方法。
- 前記の炭素原子を2個以上18個以下有し且つ水素原子を1個以上有する化合物は、アルカン又はハロゲン化アルカンであり、前記ハロゲン化アルカンは、アルカンが有する水素原子の一部又は全部がフッ素以外のハロゲン原子に置換されたものである請求項3に記載のフッ素ガスの製造方法。
- 前記精製工程における前記副生成分の精製方法は、蒸留操作、吸着操作、及び液液分離操作のうち少なくとも一つを用いる方法である請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載のフッ素ガスの製造方法。
- 前記蒸留操作は、前記副生成分中の前記副生フッ化水素を水に吸収させて得たフッ化水素水溶液を蒸留するものである請求項5に記載のフッ素ガスの製造方法。
- 前記吸着操作は、前記副生成分中の前記有機物を、活性炭及びアルミナの少なくとも一方を有する吸着剤に吸着させるものである請求項5に記載のフッ素ガスの製造方法。
- 前記精製工程においては、前記回収フッ化水素成分中の前記有機物の合計濃度が200質量ppm以下となるように前記副生成分を精製する請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載のフッ素ガスの製造方法。
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JP6792158B2 (ja) * | 2016-02-09 | 2020-11-25 | セントラル硝子株式会社 | フッ素化合物ガスの精製方法 |
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