WO2021038674A1 - Pine withering prevention method, pine withering prevention agent, and mushroom cultivation method - Google Patents

Pine withering prevention method, pine withering prevention agent, and mushroom cultivation method Download PDF

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WO2021038674A1
WO2021038674A1 PCT/JP2019/033192 JP2019033192W WO2021038674A1 WO 2021038674 A1 WO2021038674 A1 WO 2021038674A1 JP 2019033192 W JP2019033192 W JP 2019033192W WO 2021038674 A1 WO2021038674 A1 WO 2021038674A1
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pine
wilt
iron
fulvic acid
preventing
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PCT/JP2019/033192
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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四郎 ▲高▼橋
勇義 飯沼
修之 北畠
雅 石山
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株式会社ゆめみオーガニックファーム
四郎 ▲高▼橋
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Priority to PCT/JP2019/033192 priority Critical patent/WO2021038674A1/en
Publication of WO2021038674A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021038674A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
    • A01M1/20—Poisoning, narcotising, or burning insects
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action

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  • the present invention relates to a method for preventing pine wilt, an agent for preventing pine wilt, and a method for cultivating mushrooms.
  • pine wilt is said to be caused by a nematode called pine wood nematode (hereinafter, appropriately referred to as pine wood nematode). It is believed that the longhorn beetle parasitizes pine trees through the transmission of the longhorn beetle (hereinafter, appropriately referred to as longhorn beetle) (for example, Patent Document 1).
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above, and is a pine wilt prevention method capable of returning to the natural environment as it should be and preventing pine wilt, effectively in a short period of time and without any influence on humans and animals or the environment. It is an object of the present invention to provide an agent for preventing pine wilt, and a method for cultivating mushrooms using pine trees that have prevented pine wilt.
  • the pine wilt prevention method is a pine wilt prevention agent for shavings containing iron fluboate, many minerals, amino acids, high-quality microorganisms and the like.
  • the amount of pine wood secreted by the pine tree is increased, and the osmotic pressure difference between the pine wood and the body fluid of the pine wood nematode parasitizing the pine tree and the pH of the pine wood are close to 7.5.
  • the pine wilt It is characterized by preventing.
  • the pine wilt prevention method according to one aspect of the present invention is characterized by having a large catalytic effect of accelerating the dissolution and absorption of iron fulvic acid minerals and the like contained in the oyster shell of the pine wilt preventive agent.
  • further fulvic acid, humic acid, iron fluboate or iron humate is added for further acceleration.
  • the pine wilt inhibitor increases the amount of pine tar secreted by the pine by giving it to the pine, and allows the pine tar to permeate the body fluid of the pine wood nematode parasitizing the pine. Preventing or killing the invasion of pine wood nematodes by the pressure difference and the pH value of the pine tree near 7.5, and exterminating the eggs that do not lay or lay eggs on the pine wood nematode that carries the pine wood nematode. It is a pine wilt preventive agent for preventing pine wilt by the above-mentioned pine wilt, and is characterized by containing a shaving shell containing iron fluboate as a main component.
  • the pine wilt inhibitor according to one aspect of the present invention is characterized in that fulvic acid, humic acid, iron fulboate, or iron humate is further added.
  • fulvic acid, humic acid, iron fulboate, or iron humate is further added.
  • powdered husks containing iron fulvic acid are moistened, many minerals are dissolved by the catalytic action of iron fulvic acid and absorption in pine begins, but in order to further accelerate it, fulvic acid , Fulvic acid, or humic acid or iron humate, which has similar catalytic ability and is inexpensive, is preferably added.
  • the method for cultivating mushrooms according to one aspect of the present invention is characterized in that mushrooms are cultivated by allowing hyphae to grow on pine trees that have been prevented from withering by the method for preventing pine wilt according to one aspect of the present invention.
  • the present invention is effective in a short period of time, has no effect on humans, animals and the environment, returns to the natural environment as it should be, and has the effect of preventing pine wilt.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a photograph of a dead sample pine tree.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a photograph of a dead sample pine trunk.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a photograph of a healthy sample pine tree.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a photograph of a healthy sample pine trunk with a hole.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a photograph of a healthy sample pine tree.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a photograph of a healthy sample pine tree.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a photograph of a healthy sample pine tree.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a photograph of a healthy sample pine tree.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a photograph of a healthy sample pine tree.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating analysis of pine wilt and countermeasures.
  • the present inventors investigated in more detail that the cause of pine wilt was zebra, especially when there was a decrease in the immunity of the soil in which the pine grows and soil contamination (soil acidification). It was thought that pine wilt was likely to occur in such pine trees, as the amount of pine wood secreted by pine trees decreased, the concentration decreased, and solidification occurred. Then, by spraying a pine wilt inhibitor containing shavings and iron fulvic acid on the soil where the pine grows, the amount of pine tar secreted by the pine is increased, and the concentration is increased to increase the concentration of the pine. I came up with the idea of preventing pine wilt.
  • the pine wilt inhibitor of the present invention can elute minerals contained in oyster shells that are insoluble in water by the catalytic action of iron fulvic acid.
  • iron fulvic acid and fulvic acid are thought to improve acidic soils and promote the absorption of eluted minerals by plants. Therefore, by administering the oyster shell containing iron fulvic acid to the soil as an inhibitor of pine wilt, it is easy for the plant to utilize the minerals necessary for growth, and the effect of promoting the growth of the plant is enhanced. Since iron humate has the same effect as iron fulvic acid, iron humate (for example, iron Canadian humate) may be further added to the pine wilt inhibitor of the present invention.
  • fulvic acid or humic acid for example, Canadian humic acid
  • the soil to which the pine wilt inhibitor of the present invention has been administered has an increased immunity as the pH increases, and the amount of pine pine tar growing there increases.
  • pine wilt can be prevented by increasing the amount of pine tar.
  • pine wilt the longhorn beetle invades the tree body from the wound that bites the thin branch of the healthy pine tree, spreads throughout the tree body through the resin path (the path of the pine tree), and is nourished by the pine cells. Ingest. Along with this, it is thought that this occurs because the water passage in the tree loses water and the sap cannot rise. At this time, if the amount of pine tree is large and the concentration of pine tree is high, it is considered that the pine nematode cannot invade the pine tree.
  • the reason why it cannot invade is the difference in osmotic pressure between the body fluids of Matsuyani and Seisenchu. Further, it is considered that the pH of the pine tree is raised to 7 to 7.5 by the administration of the pine wilt inhibitor of the present invention, and the pine tree has an insecticidal effect.
  • the pine tree has an early active period, and buds begin to sprout around February, and branches grow in April. In addition, pine wilt progresses rapidly during the year. According to the investigation by the present inventors, around June, 10,000 longhorn beetles were rubbed from the body of a longhorn beetle to a thin branch of a healthy pine tree, for example, from one longhorn beetle, and the longhorn beetle entered the pine tree body there. It is said that one nematode lays about 100 eggs, and it breeds rapidly. Furthermore, since it is possible that there are multiple longhorn beetles in one pine, the number of breeding is enormous, and the pine will die until autumn.
  • the pine wilt inhibitor of the present invention when the pine wilt inhibitor of the present invention is sprayed on the soil from the end of the year (for example, from November to December) to about February, the concentration of pine resin and the pH of the sap become maximum around June. Therefore, by spraying the pine wilt inhibitor of the present invention on the soil from the end of the year to around February, the concentration of pine resin and the pH of the sap are maximized at the timing when the pine nematode is rubbed from the longhorn beetle to the pine tree. It can effectively prevent the invasion of pine trees and prevent pine wilt.
  • the longhorn beetle spawns on pine trees around September, but at this time it spawns on dead pine trees.
  • the reason is that longhorn beetle eggs are laid on healthy pine trees, but they die because they are wrapped in a large amount or high concentration of healthy pine trees.
  • Longhorn beetles are thought to select pine spawning based on the odor emitted by dead pine trees. Therefore, the pine wilt inhibitor of the present invention not only prevents the invasion of the longhorn beetle into the pine tree, but also can exterminate the egg by the longhorn beetle even if the egg is laid by the longhorn beetle. Propagation can also be suppressed.
  • acidification of rainwater (for example, rainwater with a pH of about 4.4 to 4.9 according to the Environmental Policy Division of Gunma Prefecture) is considered to be the cause of acidification of soil, and the pH of soil is high.
  • concentration of pine tar in the tree decreases, the fluidity is lost, the root activity decreases, and the absorption and circulation of water and nutrients in the tree are significantly inhibited. ..
  • pH of the soil is around 6.0, it is considered that even a healthy pine is parasitized by the longhorn beetle and propagates through the longhorn beetle.
  • the pine wilt inhibitor of the present invention can raise the pH of the soil, impart antioxidant properties to the pine, increase the alkalinity of the sap, increase the pine resin and nutrients, and flow the pine resin.
  • the sex becomes high.
  • the pine trees become healthy, which is effective in preventing pine wilt.
  • pine wilt preventive agent of the present invention As shown in a later example, it is effective in a short period of time, and since it is a naturally derived component, it has little influence on humans and animals and the environment, and pine wilt can be prevented.
  • the pine wilt inhibitor of the present invention includes fulvic acid, iron fulvic acid, humic acid, iron humic acid, and humus added to husks that have been heat-treated such as by firing, but they are dried in the sun, for example, without heat treatment.
  • the naturally dried husks such as humic acid are preferable because they are rich in fulvic acid and iron fulvic acid and exert the effect of dissolving and absorbing minerals and the like in a short period of time.
  • the pine wilt inhibitor of the examples of the present invention has, for example, 0.18% nitrogen, 0.16% phosphorus, 0.03% potassium, 45.0% calcium, 0.62% iron fulvic acid, and magnesium as% by mass.
  • fulvic acid, humic acid, iron fulvic acid or iron humate may be further added in an amount of about 3.0% by mass or more. However, the present invention is not limited to these mass%.
  • one bag (20 kg) or more is sprayed at least once a year on a surface area of 100 m 2 of soil where pine trees are growing to prevent pine wilt. Obtainable. This effect is sustained, for example, for about 3 years.
  • two bags are sprinkled at one time on pine trees with a diameter of 40 cm or more, such as shrines and temples.
  • the resin nematode proliferates rapidly in the pine tree, closes the tunnel of sap and water, and causes the pine tree to die. And the longhorn beetle becomes a medium for the longhorn beetle to migrate to another pine tree.
  • the present inventors considered that such zebras and longhorn beetles have the greatest effect on pine wilt, and in particular, prevention of infiltration of pine trees and insecticide of zebra are most effective in preventing pine wilt.
  • the turpentine contained in pine wood has an insecticidal effect on zebra, which prevents or kills invasion, and when the pine honey is concentrated and osmotic, the pine wood nematode is in the tree. It is considered that it cannot be invaded.
  • pine tree circulates inside the pine from the bottom to the top and from the top to the bottom, including not only the trunk but also the twigs, the effect of insecticidal and invasion prevention reaches from the top to the bottom of the pine in a cycle of about one day. It spreads and its effect is remarkably exhibited.
  • pine resin is insoluble in water but soluble in alkaline sap, it makes it easier to circulate and kill the inside of trees where pine insects (longhorn beetle, zebra) are present. Not only eggs but also larvae and pupae are exterminated.
  • such insecticide is performed by pine tar that is secreted by the pine tree itself, for example, chemical spraying from a helicopter or from the ground by a sprayer, or ampoule injection of a chemical into the tree.
  • pine tar that is secreted by the pine tree itself
  • chemical spraying from a helicopter or from the ground by a sprayer or ampoule injection of a chemical into the tree.
  • ampoule injection of a chemical into the tree is performed by pine tar that is secreted by the pine tree itself, for example, chemical spraying from a helicopter or from the ground by a sprayer, or ampoule injection of a chemical into the tree.
  • it is an excellent method that can be implemented at a low cost and does not impose a burden on the natural environment.
  • aerial spraying of the drug is not very accurate for pine trees on the ground, and in the case of ampoule injection, it is difficult to spread the drug to every corner of a large tree. ..
  • the present inventors even when multiple ampoules of the drug are injected into a large pine tree, there are several holes in the thick skin of about 3 cm at the base for laying longhorn beetle eggs. It has been confirmed. It is thought that the longhorn beetle feels the smell of a dead tree and punctures its epidermis and lays eggs, but in such a large tree, the longhorn beetle feels that the thick part of the epidermis is dead and makes a hole there. Is done.
  • moss grows near the roots of dead pine trees.
  • such moss did not grow in pine trees in which the pH of soil and pine tar was in the range of 6.0 to 7.5.
  • This moss is killed when immersed in a turbid solution of the powder of the pine wilt inhibitor according to the present invention having a pH of 8.5 and water, but is rejuvenated when immersed in a wood vinegar solution having a pH of 4. Therefore, it is considered that this moss prefers an acidic environment having a pH of about 4, and is considered to be an index of soil acidity.
  • This moss weakens the bark of the pine tree and forms a thick layer, so it is thought that the longhorn beetle lays eggs as if it were a dead tree that does not smell like pine tar. Therefore, there is also an effect that the generation of such moss can be prevented by applying the pine wilt inhibitor according to the present invention to raise the pH.
  • the present inventors prepared 20 kg of raw husk powder that had not been heat-treated such as firing, to which humic acid was added in an amount of 0% by mass, 3% by mass, 6% by mass, and 9% by mass, respectively. 20 kg of soil containing 3.9% by mass of iron was prepared, and these were mixed to prepare a sample. Then, the solubility and pH of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in each sample after 3 weeks were examined. Then, when the addition amount of humic acid was 0% by mass, the pH was 7.0%, but when the addition amount was 3% by mass, the pH increased to 8.0.
  • the humic acid or fulvic acid reacts with iron in the soil where pine trees are growing to produce iron humic acid or fulvic acid, so that pine tar is produced. It is even more effective in increasing the concentration and pH of.
  • pine trees scattered on the same site were compared with those in which the pine wilt inhibitor of the embodiment of the present invention was sprayed on the soil and those in which the pine trees were not sprayed.
  • the pine wilt inhibitor of the example of the present invention is produced by drying oyster shells produced in Matsushima, adding only 3 kg of iron humate to 100 kg of oyster shells, pulverizing the oyster shells to a particle size of 4 mm or less, and stirring the oyster shells. did.
  • the pine wilt inhibitor of this example has 0.18% nitrogen, 0.16% phosphorus, 0.03% potassium, 45.0% calcium, 0.62% iron fulvic acid, and 0.52 magnesium as mass%. It contains 60 to 70 kinds of minerals and amino acids such as%, copper 0.08%, molybdenum 0.27%, zinc 0.04%, selenium 0.52%, and further contains 3.0% iron humate.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a photograph of a dead sample pine tree.
  • the sample pine in FIG. 1 was obtained by not spraying the pine wilt inhibitor of the embodiment of the present invention on the soil.
  • the sample pine in FIG. 1 was a healthy pine that had not withered as of November 2016, but was withered as of August 2017. As of August 2017, the presence of zebra was confirmed by DNA analysis on this pine tree.
  • the pine pine tar of the sample of FIG. 1 was confirmed, the pH was 5.5, and the piece of wood was dry and had little water.
  • the pH of the soil was 5.5-6.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a photograph of a dead sample pine trunk.
  • the shooting dates of FIGS. 1 and 2 are November 24, 2017.
  • scars thought to be caused by woodpeckers were observed on the trunk of the pine tree of the dead sample. This scar is believed to have been made when the woodpecker hunted longhorn beetle larvae and eggs.
  • the other sample pine is a healthy pine that has not withered as of December 2015, and the pine withering inhibitor of the example was sprayed on the soil in December 2015. .. All of these pine trees did not die as of September 2016 and September 2017, and were in good health. In addition, according to the DNA test in August 2017, these pine trees did not have zebra.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a photograph of a healthy sample pine
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a photograph of a sample pine with a hole.
  • the shooting dates are all September 24, 2017.
  • the sample pine in the same situation was not withered and was fine, and when a hole was made in the trunk, a large amount of pine tar was exuded as shown in FIG.
  • the pH of pine tar was 6.5.
  • the pH of the soil was 6.3.
  • # 16 was sprayed once in December 2015.
  • the soil pH immediately after spraying was 6.5, and the soil pH as of February 2019 was 6.0.
  • the pH of the sap of # 16 was 6.5 as measured from June to September 2017. Although it has not been measured in June 2016, it is estimated that the pH was 7.0 to 7.5, similar to # 6 and # 13, which were also sprayed in December 2015.
  • the pH of the soil was 5.0 to 6.0 before the spraying in 2015, but the pH was 7.5 and 2017 as measured from June to August 2016 after the spraying.
  • the pH was 6.5 as measured from June to August, and the pH was 5.5 to 6.0 as measured from June to August 2018.
  • FIG. 10 shows the analysis and countermeasures for pine wilt.
  • pH 8 is seawater.
  • pH 7 to 7.5 indicated by the white number 1 (measured in June of the following year)
  • pH 6.0 to 6.5
  • white number 2 September two years after spraying
  • white number 3 The description of pH 5.5 (to 6.0) (3 years after spraying, September) shown in (1) is based on the above pH data.
  • the soil pH when pine wilt occurs due to acidic soil is considered to be about 3 to 4
  • acid rain is considered to be pH 4.4 to 4.9
  • originally healthy pine sap is considered to be pH 4.
  • the pine wilt inhibitor of the present invention is applied to a pine tree having branch withering of 1/3 or less of the whole. Further, according to the pine wilt preventive agent of the present invention, contamination by pine wilt from pine trees in the vicinity of about 10 m can be prevented.
  • the pine wilt prevention method or the pine wilt preventive agent of the present invention to cultivate mushrooms by engrafting hyphae on pine roots that have become healthy in alkaline soil. It is considered that the alkaline nature of the soil improves the quality of microorganisms in the soil, promotes the activity of microorganisms, and promotes the survival of hyphae by the pine wilt inhibitor.
  • Mushrooms may be Matsutake mushrooms or morels, but are not particularly limited. For example, since Matsutake fungi coexist with pine trees, it is thought that pine mushrooms of good quality, for example, with good taste, can be cultivated when the pine trees become healthy. In addition, it is thought that minerals are catalyzed by iron fulvic acid and iron humate to become hydroxides and are absorbed by pine trees, enhancing the antioxidant properties of pine trees.
  • Thick pine trees with a diameter of 40 or 50 cm or more cannot die in about 1 to 2 years compared to those with a diameter of about 30 cm.
  • twigs with a thickness of about 10 cm die about 1 to 3 times a year.
  • a hole in the longhorn beetle opens from the back of the moss, and the branches die.
  • the pine wilt inhibitor of the embodiment to which 3% by mass of fulvic acid was added can have a pH of 6.5 to 7 even when sprayed in March and April. It is also important for large trees to kill insects in April to June before the longhorn beetle takes off.

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Abstract

This pine withering prevention method prevents pine from withering by: applying, to the pine, a pine withering prevention agent, in which at least one among fulvic acid iron, humic acid iron, a fulvic acid, and a humic acid is further added to an oyster shell containing a large amount of minerals, amino acids, high-quality microorganisms, and fulvic acid iron, to thereby increase the amount of a pine resin secreted by the pine; using the osmotic pressure difference between the pine resin and the body fluid of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and making the pine resin have a pH close to 7.5, to thereby prevent Bursaphelenchus xylophilus infection or kill Bursaphelenchus xylophilus; and preventing the spotted longhorn beetles that carry the Bursaphelenchus xylophilus from laying eggs, or exterminating laid eggs, larvae, or pupae.

Description

松枯れ防止方法および松枯れ防止剤ならびに茸の栽培方法Pine wilt prevention method and pine wilt prevention agent and mushroom cultivation method
　本発明は、松枯れ防止方法および松枯れ防止剤ならびに茸の栽培方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for preventing pine wilt, an agent for preventing pine wilt, and a method for cultivating mushrooms.
　従来、松枯れは、マツノザイセンチュウ（以下、適宜ザイセンチュウと記載する）という線虫によって起こると言われている。ザイセンチュウは、マダラカミキリムシ（以下、適宜カミキリと記載する）の媒介によって松に寄生すると考えられている（例えば、特許文献１）。 Conventionally, pine wilt is said to be caused by a nematode called pine wood nematode (hereinafter, appropriately referred to as pine wood nematode). It is believed that the longhorn beetle parasitizes pine trees through the transmission of the longhorn beetle (hereinafter, appropriately referred to as longhorn beetle) (for example, Patent Document 1).
特開平１０－２７９４０５号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 10-279405
　従来、特許文献１の他、カミキリの駆除のために、駆除剤を空中撒布したり、樹幹に直接注入したりする方法がとられている。しかしながら、従来の駆除方法は、必ずしも短期間で効果を上げているものではない。また、駆除剤の空中撒布の場合、天候の影響を受けやすかったり、人畜や環境への影響を考慮して作業時間が制限されたりするなどの問題がある。また、林野庁のデータによれば、松枯れの被害対策によって、過去２０年で松枯れが半減したとのことであるが、よりスピードアップした対策が望まれる。しかし、人畜の健康への影響の懸念に対しても考慮しなくてはならない。 Conventionally, in addition to Patent Document 1, in order to exterminate longhorn beetles, a method of spraying a disinfectant in the air or directly injecting it into a tree trunk has been adopted. However, the conventional extermination method is not always effective in a short period of time. Further, in the case of aerial spraying of a disinfectant, there are problems that it is easily affected by the weather and that the working time is limited in consideration of the influence on humans and animals and the environment. In addition, according to the data of the Forestry Agency, the damage countermeasures for pine wilt have halved the pine wilt in the past 20 years, but more speedy countermeasures are desired. However, concerns about the health effects of humans and animals must also be considered.
　本発明は、上記に鑑みてなされたものであって、短期間で効果的に、かつ人畜や環境への影響も全くなく、本来あるべき自然環境に戻し、松枯れを防止できる松枯れ防止方法および松枯れ防止剤、ならびに松枯れを防止した松を利用した茸の栽培方法を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the above, and is a pine wilt prevention method capable of returning to the natural environment as it should be and preventing pine wilt, effectively in a short period of time and without any influence on humans and animals or the environment. It is an object of the present invention to provide an agent for preventing pine wilt, and a method for cultivating mushrooms using pine trees that have prevented pine wilt.
　上述した課題を解決し、目的を達成するために、本発明の一態様に係る松枯れ防止方法は、フルボ酸鉄、多くのミネラル、アミノ酸、良質の微生物などを含むかき殻を松枯れ防止剤として松に与え、前記松が分泌する松ヤニの量を増加させ、前記松ヤニと前記松に寄生するマツノザイセンチュウの体液との浸透圧差および前記松ヤニのｐＨが７．５に近い値になることによってマツノザイセンチュウの侵入を防止または殺虫し、かつマツノザイセンチュウを媒介するマダラカミキリムシに卵を産ませない、または産んだ卵、幼虫または蛹を駆除することによって、前記松の松枯れを防止することを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problems and achieve the object, the pine wilt prevention method according to one aspect of the present invention is a pine wilt prevention agent for shavings containing iron fluboate, many minerals, amino acids, high-quality microorganisms and the like. The amount of pine wood secreted by the pine tree is increased, and the osmotic pressure difference between the pine wood and the body fluid of the pine wood nematode parasitizing the pine tree and the pH of the pine wood are close to 7.5. By preventing or killing the invasion of the pine wood nematode, and by not laying eggs on the pine wood nematode that carries the pine wood nematode, or by exterminating the laid eggs, larvae or 蛹, the pine wilt It is characterized by preventing.
　本発明の一態様に係る松枯れ防止方法は、前記松枯れ防止剤のかき殻に含まれるフルボ酸鉄のミネラル等の溶解、吸収を加速する触媒効果が大きいことを特徴とする。好ましくは、さらなる加速のために、さらにフルボ酸、フミン酸、フルボ酸鉄またはフミン酸鉄を添加する。 The pine wilt prevention method according to one aspect of the present invention is characterized by having a large catalytic effect of accelerating the dissolution and absorption of iron fulvic acid minerals and the like contained in the oyster shell of the pine wilt preventive agent. Preferably, further fulvic acid, humic acid, iron fluboate or iron humate is added for further acceleration.
　本発明の一態様に係る松枯れ防止剤は、松に与えることによって、前記松が分泌する松ヤニの量を増加させて、前記松ヤニと前記松に寄生するマツノザイセンチュウの体液との浸透圧差および前記松ヤニのｐＨが７．５に近い値になることによってマツノザイセンチュウの侵入を防止または殺虫し、かつマツノザイセンチュウを媒介するマダラカミキリムシに卵を産ませないまたは産んだ卵を駆除することによって、前記松の松枯れを防止する松枯れ防止剤であって、フルボ酸鉄を含有するかき殻を主成分に含むことを特徴とする。 The pine wilt inhibitor according to one aspect of the present invention increases the amount of pine tar secreted by the pine by giving it to the pine, and allows the pine tar to permeate the body fluid of the pine wood nematode parasitizing the pine. Preventing or killing the invasion of pine wood nematodes by the pressure difference and the pH value of the pine tree near 7.5, and exterminating the eggs that do not lay or lay eggs on the pine wood nematode that carries the pine wood nematode. It is a pine wilt preventive agent for preventing pine wilt by the above-mentioned pine wilt, and is characterized by containing a shaving shell containing iron fluboate as a main component.
　本発明の一態様に係る松枯れ防止剤は、フルボ酸、フミン酸、フルボ酸鉄、またはフミン酸鉄をさらに添加してなることを特徴とする。フルボ酸鉄を含有する粉体かき殻が水分を与えられると、フルボ酸鉄の触媒作用によって多くのミネラル等が溶解し、松での吸収が始まるが、それをさらに加速するために、フルボ酸、フルボ酸鉄、またはこれらと同様の触媒能力を持ち、安価なフミン酸またはフミン酸鉄を加えることが好ましい。 The pine wilt inhibitor according to one aspect of the present invention is characterized in that fulvic acid, humic acid, iron fulboate, or iron humate is further added. When powdered husks containing iron fulvic acid are moistened, many minerals are dissolved by the catalytic action of iron fulvic acid and absorption in pine begins, but in order to further accelerate it, fulvic acid , Fulvic acid, or humic acid or iron humate, which has similar catalytic ability and is inexpensive, is preferably added.
　本発明の一態様に係る茸の栽培方法は、本発明の一態様に係る松枯れ防止方法により松枯れを防止した松に菌糸を活着させて茸を栽培することを特徴とする。 The method for cultivating mushrooms according to one aspect of the present invention is characterized in that mushrooms are cultivated by allowing hyphae to grow on pine trees that have been prevented from withering by the method for preventing pine wilt according to one aspect of the present invention.
　本発明によれば、短期間で効果的に、かつ人畜や環境への影響も全くなく、本来あるべき自然環境に戻し、松枯れを防止できるという効果を奏する。 According to the present invention, it is effective in a short period of time, has no effect on humans, animals and the environment, returns to the natural environment as it should be, and has the effect of preventing pine wilt.
図１は、枯れたサンプルの松の写真を示す図である。FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a photograph of a dead sample pine tree. 図２は、枯れたサンプルの松の幹の写真を示す図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a photograph of a dead sample pine trunk. 図３は、元気なサンプルの松の写真を示す図である。FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a photograph of a healthy sample pine tree. 図４は、元気なサンプルの松の幹に穴を開けた写真を示す図である。FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a photograph of a healthy sample pine trunk with a hole. 図５は、元気なサンプルの松の写真を示す図である。FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a photograph of a healthy sample pine tree. 図６は、元気なサンプルの松の写真を示す図である。FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a photograph of a healthy sample pine tree. 図７は、元気なサンプルの松の写真を示す図である。FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a photograph of a healthy sample pine tree. 図８は、元気なサンプルの松の写真を示す図である。FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a photograph of a healthy sample pine tree. 図９は、元気なサンプルの松の写真を示す図である。FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a photograph of a healthy sample pine tree. 図１０は、松枯れの解析と対策について説明する図である。FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating analysis of pine wilt and countermeasures.
　以下に、本発明の実施形態を詳細に説明する。なお、この実施形態によりこの発明が限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. The present invention is not limited to this embodiment.
　本発明者らは、松枯れの原因がザイセンチュウであることをさらに詳細に調査したところ、特に松が生えている土壌の免疫力の低下や土壌汚染（土壌の酸性化）が有る場合に、松が分泌する松ヤニの減少、濃度の低下、固化などが発生し、このような松では松枯れが発生しやすいと考えた。そして、かき殻とフルボ酸鉄とを成分に含む松枯れ防止剤を松が生えている土壌に撒布することで、松が分泌する松ヤニの量を増加させ、また濃度を濃くし、松の松枯れを防止できることに想到した。 The present inventors investigated in more detail that the cause of pine wilt was zebra, especially when there was a decrease in the immunity of the soil in which the pine grows and soil contamination (soil acidification). It was thought that pine wilt was likely to occur in such pine trees, as the amount of pine wood secreted by pine trees decreased, the concentration decreased, and solidification occurred. Then, by spraying a pine wilt inhibitor containing shavings and iron fulvic acid on the soil where the pine grows, the amount of pine tar secreted by the pine is increased, and the concentration is increased to increase the concentration of the pine. I came up with the idea of preventing pine wilt.
　かき殻には、例えば、酸化チタン４１ｐｐｍ、カルシウム４５質量％、鉄６２００ｐｐｍ（多くはフルボ酸鉄として存在）、亜鉛４３．４１ｐｐｍ、マンガン１４００ｐｐｍ、カリウム３２０ｐｐｍ、リン１６００ｐｐｍ、マグネシウム５２００ｐｐｍ、セレン５２２０ｐｐｍ、モリブデン２７４８ｐｐｍ、珪素７１００ｐｐｍ、銅８．６１ｐｐｍ、ナトリウム１．５５質量％、ゲルマニウム５ｐｐｍ未満、クロム１ｐｐｍ未満、ニッケル１ｐｐｍ未満、リチウム２ｐｐｍ未満、バナジウム２ｐｐｍ未満、キチン質、炭素、ラミナリン、コンキオリン有機窒素１５質量％、酸素、水素、硫黄、ヨウ素、フルボ酸、などが含まれる。
　これらのミネラル類は、植物の成長に有用である。 For example, titanium oxide 41 ppm, calcium 45 mass%, iron 6200 ppm (mostly present as iron fulvic acid), zinc 43.41 ppm, manganese 1400 ppm, potassium 320 ppm, phosphorus 1600 ppm, magnesium 5200 ppm, selenium 5220 ppm, molybdenum 2748 ppm. , Silicon 7100ppm, Copper 8.61ppm, Sodium 1.55% by mass, Germanium less than 5ppm, Chromium less than 1ppm, Nickel less than 1ppm, Lithium less than 2ppm, Vanadium less than 2ppm, Chitin, Carbon, Laminalin, Conchiolin Organic nitrogen 15% by mass, Includes oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, iodine, fulvic acid, etc.
These minerals are useful for plant growth.
　本発明の松枯れ防止剤は、フルボ酸鉄の触媒作用により、水に溶けないかき殻に含まれるミネラル類を溶出させることができる。また、フルボ酸鉄やフルボ酸は、酸性土壌を改善し、溶出したミネラル類が植物に吸収されるのを促進させると考えられる。このため、フルボ酸鉄を含むかき殻を松枯れ防止剤として土壌に投与することで、植物にとって成長に必要なミネラル類を利用しやすく、植物の生長促進効果が高くなる。なお、フミン酸鉄にもフルボ酸鉄と同様の効果があるので、本発明の松枯れ防止剤はフミン酸鉄（例えばカナディアンフミン酸鉄）をさらに添加してもよい。また、フルボ酸又はフミン酸（例えばカナディアンフミン酸）をさらに添加してもよい。
　その結果、本発明の松枯れ防止剤を投与した土壌はｐＨが上がるとともに免疫力が向上し、そこに生えている松の松ヤニの量が増加する。 The pine wilt inhibitor of the present invention can elute minerals contained in oyster shells that are insoluble in water by the catalytic action of iron fulvic acid. In addition, iron fulvic acid and fulvic acid are thought to improve acidic soils and promote the absorption of eluted minerals by plants. Therefore, by administering the oyster shell containing iron fulvic acid to the soil as an inhibitor of pine wilt, it is easy for the plant to utilize the minerals necessary for growth, and the effect of promoting the growth of the plant is enhanced. Since iron humate has the same effect as iron fulvic acid, iron humate (for example, iron Canadian humate) may be further added to the pine wilt inhibitor of the present invention. Further, fulvic acid or humic acid (for example, Canadian humic acid) may be further added.
As a result, the soil to which the pine wilt inhibitor of the present invention has been administered has an increased immunity as the pH increases, and the amount of pine pine tar growing there increases.
　松ヤニの量が増加することによって松枯れを防止できる理由は明確ではないが、例えば以下のように考えられる。すなわち、松枯れは、カミキリが元気な松の細い枝をかじった傷からザイセンチュウが樹体内に侵入し、樹脂道（松ヤニの通り道）を通って樹体全体に広がり、松の細胞から栄養を摂取する。これに伴って、樹体内の水の通路から水分が無くなり、樹液が上昇できなくなることで起こると考えられる。このとき、松ヤニの量が多い、また松ヤニの濃度が濃い場合、ザイセンチュウは松の樹体内に侵入できなくなると考えられる。侵入できなくなる理由は、松ヤニとザイセンチュウの体液との浸透圧差であると考えられる。また、本発明の松枯れ防止剤の投与によって松ヤニのｐＨが７～７．５に上昇し、この松ヤニによる殺虫効果もあると考えられる。 The reason why pine wilt can be prevented by increasing the amount of pine tar is not clear, but it can be considered as follows, for example. In other words, in pine wilt, the longhorn beetle invades the tree body from the wound that bites the thin branch of the healthy pine tree, spreads throughout the tree body through the resin path (the path of the pine tree), and is nourished by the pine cells. Ingest. Along with this, it is thought that this occurs because the water passage in the tree loses water and the sap cannot rise. At this time, if the amount of pine tree is large and the concentration of pine tree is high, it is considered that the pine nematode cannot invade the pine tree. It is considered that the reason why it cannot invade is the difference in osmotic pressure between the body fluids of Matsuyani and Seisenchu. Further, it is considered that the pH of the pine tree is raised to 7 to 7.5 by the administration of the pine wilt inhibitor of the present invention, and the pine tree has an insecticidal effect.
　なお、松は活性期が早く、２月頃から芽が出始めて、４月には枝が伸びる。また、松枯れは１年間の間に急速に進行する。本発明者らの調査によれば、ザイセンチュウは、６月ごろにカミキリの体内から元気な松の細い枝に、例えば一頭のカミキリから一万匹が擦り付けられ、そこで松の樹体に入り込んだザイセンチュウは、一匹が約１００個の卵を産むとされ、急激に繁殖する。さらに、１本の松にカミキリが複数頭存在することが考えられるので、その繁殖数は莫大であり、秋までは松を枯らす。そこで、年末（例えば１１月から１２月頃）から２月頃までに本発明の松枯れ防止剤を土壌に撒布すると、６月頃に松ヤニの濃度と樹液のｐＨが最大になる。従って、年末から２月頃までに本発明の松枯れ防止剤を土壌に撒布することによって、ザイセンチュウがカミキリから松にすりつけられるタイミングで松ヤニの濃度と樹液のｐＨが最大になるので、ザイセンチュウの松への侵入を効果的に防止し、松枯れを防ぐことができる。 The pine tree has an early active period, and buds begin to sprout around February, and branches grow in April. In addition, pine wilt progresses rapidly during the year. According to the investigation by the present inventors, around June, 10,000 longhorn beetles were rubbed from the body of a longhorn beetle to a thin branch of a healthy pine tree, for example, from one longhorn beetle, and the longhorn beetle entered the pine tree body there. It is said that one nematode lays about 100 eggs, and it breeds rapidly. Furthermore, since it is possible that there are multiple longhorn beetles in one pine, the number of breeding is enormous, and the pine will die until autumn. Therefore, when the pine wilt inhibitor of the present invention is sprayed on the soil from the end of the year (for example, from November to December) to about February, the concentration of pine resin and the pH of the sap become maximum around June. Therefore, by spraying the pine wilt inhibitor of the present invention on the soil from the end of the year to around February, the concentration of pine resin and the pH of the sap are maximized at the timing when the pine nematode is rubbed from the longhorn beetle to the pine tree. It can effectively prevent the invasion of pine trees and prevent pine wilt.
　また、カミキリは９月頃、松に産卵するが、このとき枯れた松に産卵する。その理由は、カミキリの卵は元気な松に産み付けられても、元気な松の多量または濃度の高い松ヤニに包まれて死んでしまうからである。カミキリは、枯れた松が放つ匂いをもとに産卵する松を選択すると考えられる。従って、本発明の松枯れ防止剤は、ザイセンチュウの松への侵入を防止するだけでなく、たとえカミキリに卵を産み付けられても、松ヤニによって卵を駆除することができるので、カミキリの繁殖を抑制することもできる。 Also, the longhorn beetle spawns on pine trees around September, but at this time it spawns on dead pine trees. The reason is that longhorn beetle eggs are laid on healthy pine trees, but they die because they are wrapped in a large amount or high concentration of healthy pine trees. Longhorn beetles are thought to select pine spawning based on the odor emitted by dead pine trees. Therefore, the pine wilt inhibitor of the present invention not only prevents the invasion of the longhorn beetle into the pine tree, but also can exterminate the egg by the longhorn beetle even if the egg is laid by the longhorn beetle. Propagation can also be suppressed.
　なお、土壌のｐＨについては、雨水の酸性化（例えば、群馬県環境政策課によればｐＨ４．４～４．９程度の雨水）などが土壌の酸性化の原因と考えられ、土壌のｐＨが４．０以下であると、樹体内の松ヤニの濃度が低下し、流動性を失い、根の活性が低下し、樹体内の水分や栄養分の吸収、循環が大幅に阻害されると考えられる。また、土壌のｐＨが６．０位の場合、元気な松であってもカミキリを媒介してザイセンチュウが寄生し、繁殖すると考えられる。これに対して、本発明の松枯れ防止剤は、土壌のｐＨを上げることができ、松に抗酸化性も付与し、樹液のアルカリ性を高め、松ヤニや栄養分が増大し、松ヤニの流動性が高くなる。その結果、松が元気になるので、松枯れ防止に効果的である。 Regarding the pH of soil, acidification of rainwater (for example, rainwater with a pH of about 4.4 to 4.9 according to the Environmental Policy Division of Gunma Prefecture) is considered to be the cause of acidification of soil, and the pH of soil is high. When it is 4.0 or less, it is considered that the concentration of pine tar in the tree decreases, the fluidity is lost, the root activity decreases, and the absorption and circulation of water and nutrients in the tree are significantly inhibited. .. In addition, when the pH of the soil is around 6.0, it is considered that even a healthy pine is parasitized by the longhorn beetle and propagates through the longhorn beetle. On the other hand, the pine wilt inhibitor of the present invention can raise the pH of the soil, impart antioxidant properties to the pine, increase the alkalinity of the sap, increase the pine resin and nutrients, and flow the pine resin. The sex becomes high. As a result, the pine trees become healthy, which is effective in preventing pine wilt.
　また、枯れた松は、伐採後にその場所に放置せず、木質バイオマス発電や製紙用パルプチップなどに活用し、カミキリやザイセンチュウの繁殖を防止することが重要である。 In addition, it is important to prevent the breeding of longhorn beetles and longhorn beetles by using dead pine trees for woody biomass power generation and pulp chips for papermaking, etc., without leaving them in the place after logging.
　本発明の松枯れ防止剤によれば、後の実施例で示すように短期間で効果的に、かつ天然由来の成分であるので人畜や環境への影響も少なく、松枯れを防止できる。 According to the pine wilt preventive agent of the present invention, as shown in a later example, it is effective in a short period of time, and since it is a naturally derived component, it has little influence on humans and animals and the environment, and pine wilt can be prevented.
　本発明の松枯れ防止剤は、焼成等の熱処理したかき殻にフルボ酸やフルボ酸鉄やフミン酸やフミン酸鉄や腐植土を添加したものも含まれるが、熱処理せずに、例えば天日干し等の自然乾燥をさせたかき殻のほうが、フルボ酸およびフルボ酸鉄が豊富に含まれており、短期間でミネラルなどの溶解と吸収の効果を発揮するので好ましい。
　本発明の実施例の松枯れ防止剤は、例えば質量％として、窒素０．１８％、リン０．１６％、カリウム０．０３％、カルシウム４５．０％、フルボ酸鉄０．６２％、マグネシウム０．５２％、銅０．０８％、モリブデン０．２７％、亜鉛０．０４％、セレン０．５２％、その他かき殻由来の６０～７０種類のミネラルとアミノ酸とを含むものである。なお、アミノ酸は、かき殻に付着または取り込まれた藍藻（海藻の一種）に由来するものと考えられる。また、これにさらにフルボ酸、フミン酸、フルボ酸鉄又はフミン酸鉄を３．０質量％程度以上添加してもよい。ただし、本発明はこれらの質量％には限定されない。 The pine wilt inhibitor of the present invention includes fulvic acid, iron fulvic acid, humic acid, iron humic acid, and humus added to husks that have been heat-treated such as by firing, but they are dried in the sun, for example, without heat treatment. The naturally dried husks such as humic acid are preferable because they are rich in fulvic acid and iron fulvic acid and exert the effect of dissolving and absorbing minerals and the like in a short period of time.
The pine wilt inhibitor of the examples of the present invention has, for example, 0.18% nitrogen, 0.16% phosphorus, 0.03% potassium, 45.0% calcium, 0.62% iron fulvic acid, and magnesium as% by mass. It contains 0.52%, 0.08% copper, 0.27% molybdenum, 0.04% zinc, 0.52% selenium, and 60 to 70 kinds of minerals and amino acids derived from shavings. The amino acids are considered to be derived from blue-green algae (a type of seaweed) attached to or incorporated into oyster shells. Further, fulvic acid, humic acid, iron fulvic acid or iron humate may be further added in an amount of about 3.0% by mass or more. However, the present invention is not limited to these mass%.
　本発明の松枯れ防止剤を使用する際は、例えば、松が生えている土壌の表面積１００ｍ２に対して１袋（２０ｋｇ）以上を年１回以上撒布することで松枯れの防止の効果を得ることができる。この効果は、たとえば約３年、持続性が確保される。また、神社、仏閣などの直径４０ｃｍ以上の松の木には、たとえば１回に２袋を撒布する。 When using the pine wilt preventive agent of the present invention, for example, one bag (20 kg) or more is sprayed at least once a year on a surface area of 100 m 2 of soil where pine trees are growing to prevent pine wilt. Obtainable. This effect is sustained, for example, for about 3 years. For example, two bags are sprinkled at one time on pine trees with a diameter of 40 cm or more, such as shrines and temples.
　ザイセンチュウは松の木内で急繁殖し、樹液・水分の隧道を閉鎖し、その松の木を枯れさせると考えられる。そして、カミキリムシは、ザイセンチュウが別の松の木に移住する際の媒体になる。本発明者らは、このようなザイセンチュウやカミキリムシが、松枯れに最も影響すると考えており、特にザイセンチュウの松の木へ潜入防止と殺虫が、松枯れ防止に最も効果を発揮すると考えた。たとえば、松ヤニに含まれるテレピン油が、ザイセンチュウに対して殺虫作用を持っているため、侵入を防止または殺虫し、さらに松ヤニの濃度が濃いと浸透圧で、マツノザイセンチュウは樹内に侵入できないものと考えられる。 It is thought that the resin nematode proliferates rapidly in the pine tree, closes the tunnel of sap and water, and causes the pine tree to die. And the longhorn beetle becomes a medium for the longhorn beetle to migrate to another pine tree. The present inventors considered that such zebras and longhorn beetles have the greatest effect on pine wilt, and in particular, prevention of infiltration of pine trees and insecticide of zebra are most effective in preventing pine wilt. For example, the turpentine contained in pine wood has an insecticidal effect on zebra, which prevents or kills invasion, and when the pine honey is concentrated and osmotic, the pine wood nematode is in the tree. It is considered that it cannot be invaded.
　さらには、松ヤニは約１日の周期で松の内部を下部から上部へ上部から下部まで幹のみならず小枝含めて循環するので、殺虫や侵入防止の効果が松の上部から下部に到るまで行き渡り、その効果が顕著に発揮される。また、松ヤニは水には溶けないが、アルカリ樹液には溶けるので、松虫（カミキリムシ、ザイセンチュウ）の存在する樹木内をより循環殺虫し易くする。なお、卵だけではなく、幼虫、蛹も駆除される。 Furthermore, since the pine tree circulates inside the pine from the bottom to the top and from the top to the bottom, including not only the trunk but also the twigs, the effect of insecticidal and invasion prevention reaches from the top to the bottom of the pine in a cycle of about one day. It spreads and its effect is remarkably exhibited. In addition, since pine resin is insoluble in water but soluble in alkaline sap, it makes it easier to circulate and kill the inside of trees where pine insects (longhorn beetle, zebra) are present. Not only eggs but also larvae and pupae are exterminated.
　なお、このような殺虫は、松の木が自ら分泌する松ヤニによってなされるものであり、たとえば従来行われているヘリコプターからの、又は地上からの噴霧器による薬剤撒布や、薬剤を樹木へアンプル注入するものと比べて、安い費用で実施でき、かつ自然環境への負荷を掛けない優れた手法である。 In addition, such insecticide is performed by pine tar that is secreted by the pine tree itself, for example, chemical spraying from a helicopter or from the ground by a sprayer, or ampoule injection of a chemical into the tree. Compared to this, it is an excellent method that can be implemented at a low cost and does not impose a burden on the natural environment.
　さらに、薬剤の空中撒布は、地上の松に対してそれほど精度よく行うことができるものではなく、またアンプル注入の場合は、大木に対してはその隅々まで薬剤を行き渡らせることは困難である。本発明者らの調査によれば、大木の松の木で薬剤のアンプル注入を複数本行ったものでも、根元の３ｃｍ位の厚い皮にカミキリムシの卵を産む時の穴が数個開いているのが確認されている。カミキリムシは、枯れ木の匂いを感じてその表皮に穴を開け、卵を産むと考えられるが、このような大木では、カミキリムシは表皮が厚い部分を枯れたものと感じ、そこに穴を開けたと思われる。 In addition, aerial spraying of the drug is not very accurate for pine trees on the ground, and in the case of ampoule injection, it is difficult to spread the drug to every corner of a large tree. .. According to the investigation by the present inventors, even when multiple ampoules of the drug are injected into a large pine tree, there are several holes in the thick skin of about 3 cm at the base for laying longhorn beetle eggs. It has been confirmed. It is thought that the longhorn beetle feels the smell of a dead tree and punctures its epidermis and lays eggs, but in such a large tree, the longhorn beetle feels that the thick part of the epidermis is dead and makes a hole there. Is done.
　また、本発明者らは、枯れた松の根元近くに白い苔が生え出すことを確認した。なお、土壌と松ヤニのｐＨが６．０～７．５の範囲の松では、このような苔は生えなかった。この苔は、ｐＨ８．５の本発明に係る松枯れ防止剤の粉体と水との混濁液に浸すと死滅するが、ｐＨ４の木酢液に浸すと元気を取り戻す。したがって、この苔は、自身はｐＨ４位の酸性環境を好むものと考えられ、土壌の酸性度の指標になると考えられる。この苔は松の木の皮を弱め、厚い層を形成するため、マダラカミキリムシが松ヤニの匂いのしない枯れ木とみて卵を産み付けると考えられる。したがって、本発明に係る松枯れ防止剤を施工してｐＨを高めることによって、このような苔の発生も防止できるという効果もある。 In addition, the present inventors confirmed that white moss grows near the roots of dead pine trees. In addition, such moss did not grow in pine trees in which the pH of soil and pine tar was in the range of 6.0 to 7.5. This moss is killed when immersed in a turbid solution of the powder of the pine wilt inhibitor according to the present invention having a pH of 8.5 and water, but is rejuvenated when immersed in a wood vinegar solution having a pH of 4. Therefore, it is considered that this moss prefers an acidic environment having a pH of about 4, and is considered to be an index of soil acidity. This moss weakens the bark of the pine tree and forms a thick layer, so it is thought that the longhorn beetle lays eggs as if it were a dead tree that does not smell like pine tar. Therefore, there is also an effect that the generation of such moss can be prevented by applying the pine wilt inhibitor according to the present invention to raise the pH.
　本発明者らは、焼成等の熱処理をしていない生のかき殻粉体にフミン酸を０質量％、３質量％、６質量％、９質量％だけ添加したものをそれぞれ２０ｋｇ用意し、別途３．９質量％の鉄分が含まれている土壌を２０ｋｇ用意し、これらを混合して試料を作製した。そして、３週間後の各試料におけるカルシウム（Ｃａ）とマグネシウム（Ｍｇ）との溶解度とｐＨとを調べた。すると、フミン酸の添加量が０質量％の場合はｐＨが７．０％だったものの、添加量が３質量％の場合はｐＨが８．０にまで増加した。また、添加量が０質量％の場合のＣａの溶解度を１００、Ｍｇの溶解度を１００とすると、３質量％では１７６（Ｃａ）、１１９（Ｍｇ）、６質量％では２１４（Ｃａ）、１２９（Ｍｇ）、９質量％では２３４（Ｃａ）、１３８（Ｍｇ）であり、フミン酸によるかき殻成分中のミネラルの土壌への溶解の促進効果を確認した。このような効果はフミン酸だけでなくフルボ酸であっても発揮されると考えられる。 The present inventors prepared 20 kg of raw husk powder that had not been heat-treated such as firing, to which humic acid was added in an amount of 0% by mass, 3% by mass, 6% by mass, and 9% by mass, respectively. 20 kg of soil containing 3.9% by mass of iron was prepared, and these were mixed to prepare a sample. Then, the solubility and pH of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in each sample after 3 weeks were examined. Then, when the addition amount of humic acid was 0% by mass, the pH was 7.0%, but when the addition amount was 3% by mass, the pH increased to 8.0. Further, assuming that the solubility of Ca is 100 and the solubility of Mg is 100 when the addition amount is 0% by mass, 176 (Ca) and 119 (Mg) are used for 3% by mass, and 214 (Ca) and 129 (for 6% by mass). Mg), 9% by mass, was 234 (Ca) and 138 (Mg), confirming the effect of humic acid on promoting the dissolution of minerals in the oyster shell component in soil. It is considered that such an effect is exhibited not only with humic acid but also with fulvic acid.
　また、フミン酸又はフルボ酸をさらに添加することによって、当該フミン酸又はフルボ酸が、松が生えている土壌中の鉄と反応してフミン酸鉄又はフルボ酸鉄が生成されるため、松ヤニの濃度とｐＨを増加させるためにはさらに効果的である。 Further, by further adding humic acid or fulvic acid, the humic acid or fulvic acid reacts with iron in the soil where pine trees are growing to produce iron humic acid or fulvic acid, so that pine tar is produced. It is even more effective in increasing the concentration and pH of.
　以下、同じ敷地内に散在する松に対して、本発明の実施例の松枯れ防止剤を土壌に撒布したものとしないものとで比較を行った。 Hereinafter, the pine trees scattered on the same site were compared with those in which the pine wilt inhibitor of the embodiment of the present invention was sprayed on the soil and those in which the pine trees were not sprayed.
　本発明の実施例の松枯れ防止剤を、松島産のかき殻を乾燥させ、かき殻１００ｋｇに、フミン酸鉄を３ｋｇだけ加えて４ｍｍ以下の粒径に粉砕し、これを攪拌することで製造した。この実施例の松枯れ防止剤は、質量％として、窒素０．１８％、リン０．１６％、カリウム０．０３％、カルシウム４５．０％、フルボ酸鉄０．６２％、マグネシウム０．５２％、銅０．０８％、モリブデン０．２７％、亜鉛０．０４％、セレン０．５２％などの６０～７０種類のミネラルとアミノ酸を含み、さらにフミン酸鉄を３．０％含むものである。 The pine wilt inhibitor of the example of the present invention is produced by drying oyster shells produced in Matsushima, adding only 3 kg of iron humate to 100 kg of oyster shells, pulverizing the oyster shells to a particle size of 4 mm or less, and stirring the oyster shells. did. The pine wilt inhibitor of this example has 0.18% nitrogen, 0.16% phosphorus, 0.03% potassium, 45.0% calcium, 0.62% iron fulvic acid, and 0.52 magnesium as mass%. It contains 60 to 70 kinds of minerals and amino acids such as%, copper 0.08%, molybdenum 0.27%, zinc 0.04%, selenium 0.52%, and further contains 3.0% iron humate.
　図１は、枯れたサンプルの松の写真を示す図である。図１のサンプルの松は、本発明の実施例の松枯れ防止剤を土壌に撒布しなかったものである。図１のサンプルの松は、平成２８年（２０１６年）１１月の時点では立ち枯れしていない元気な松であったが、平成２９年（２０１７年）８月の時点では立ち枯れした松である。この松は、平成２９年８月の時点で、ザイセンチュウの存在をＤＮＡ鑑定で確認できた。図１のサンプルの松の松ヤニを確認したところ、ｐＨは５．５であり、木片はパサパサで水分も少なかった。また、土壌のｐＨは５．５～６であった。 FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a photograph of a dead sample pine tree. The sample pine in FIG. 1 was obtained by not spraying the pine wilt inhibitor of the embodiment of the present invention on the soil. The sample pine in FIG. 1 was a healthy pine that had not withered as of November 2016, but was withered as of August 2017. As of August 2017, the presence of zebra was confirmed by DNA analysis on this pine tree. When the pine pine tar of the sample of FIG. 1 was confirmed, the pH was 5.5, and the piece of wood was dry and had little water. The pH of the soil was 5.5-6.
　図２は、枯れたサンプルの松の幹の写真を示す図である。図１、２の撮影日はいずれも平成２９年１１月２４日である。枯れたサンプルの松の幹には、図２に示すように、キツツキによると思われる傷跡が見られた。この傷跡は、キツツキがカミキリの幼虫や卵を漁ったときについたものと思われる。 FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a photograph of a dead sample pine trunk. The shooting dates of FIGS. 1 and 2 are November 24, 2017. As shown in FIG. 2, scars thought to be caused by woodpeckers were observed on the trunk of the pine tree of the dead sample. This scar is believed to have been made when the woodpecker hunted longhorn beetle larvae and eggs.
　他のサンプルの松は、平成２７年（２０１５年）１２月の時点では立ち枯れしていない元気な松であり、実施例の松枯れ防止剤を平成２７年１２月に土壌に撒布したものである。これらの松は、いずれも平成２８年９月および平成２９年９月の時点で枯れが無く、元気であった。また、これらの松は、平成２９年８月のＤＮＡ鑑定によれば、ザイセンチュウは存在しなかった。 The other sample pine is a healthy pine that has not withered as of December 2015, and the pine withering inhibitor of the example was sprayed on the soil in December 2015. .. All of these pine trees did not die as of September 2016 and September 2017, and were in good health. In addition, according to the DNA test in August 2017, these pine trees did not have zebra.
　図３は、元気なサンプルの松の写真を示す図であり、図４はサンプルの松の幹に穴を開けた写真を示す図である。撮影日はいずれも平成２９年９月２４日である。図３に示すように、同状況の経緯のサンプル松は枯れておらず元気であり、かつ、幹に穴を開けたところ、図４に示すように松ヤニが多量に滲み出てきた。松ヤニのｐＨは６．５であった。また、土壌のｐＨは６．３であった。 FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a photograph of a healthy sample pine, and FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a photograph of a sample pine with a hole. The shooting dates are all September 24, 2017. As shown in FIG. 3, the sample pine in the same situation was not withered and was fine, and when a hole was made in the trunk, a large amount of pine tar was exuded as shown in FIG. The pH of pine tar was 6.5. The pH of the soil was 6.3.
　上記のように、松枯れ防止剤を平成２７年１２月に撒布した５本の松の木について、ＤＮＡ鑑定を平成２９年８月に行い、ザイセンチュウの存在しないことを確認した上でその後も枯れがないことを確認した。また、平成２７年１２月に同時に撒布した２２本の松の木について、平成２９年８月の調査時、またその後の平成３０年（２０１８年）８月にも、枯れがないことを確認した。なお、これらの２２本と同じ丘陵にあり松枯れ防止剤を撒布しなかった３本の松の木は、枯れたので平成２８年中に伐採除去した。 As mentioned above, DNA analysis was performed on the five pine trees sprayed with the pine wilt inhibitor in December 2015 in August 2017, and after confirming the absence of zebra, withering continued. I confirmed that there was no such thing. In addition, it was confirmed that the 22 pine trees that were sown at the same time in December 2015 did not die at the time of the survey in August 2017 and also in August 2018 (Heisei 30) thereafter. The three pine trees on the same hill as these 22 trees that were not sprayed with the pine wilt preventive agent were cut down and removed during 2016 because they died.
　これらの２７本の松の木については、カミキリムシが潜入したとみられる穴も確認されなかった。本発明の松枯れ防止剤を撒布した松の木については、カミキリムシは、増量した松ヤニによって卵を駆除されることを避けるため、卵を産んでいないと思われる。また、当該２７本の松の木は、表皮が厚いにもかかわらずその表面の所々に松ヤニが噴出しており、松ヤニの分泌量が豊富であると思われ、これによりカミキリムシも近づかないものと思われる。 For these 27 pine trees, no holes were found that seemed to have infiltrated the longhorn beetle. For pine trees sprayed with the pine wilt inhibitor of the present invention, the longhorn beetle does not appear to lay eggs in order to avoid exterminating eggs by the increased amount of pine tar. In addition, although the skin of the 27 pine trees is thick, pine squirrels are ejected in places on the surface, and it is thought that the amount of pine squirrels secreted is abundant, which makes it difficult for longhorn beetles to approach. Seem.
　つづいて、本発明を適用した、枯れていない松について、宮城県林業技術総合センターに調査を依頼した結果を説明する。本調査の対象の松は、識別番号として、＃６、♯７、♯８、♯９、♯１０、♯１１、♯１２、♯１３の番号を付した。 Next, we will explain the results of requesting the Miyagi Prefectural Forestry Technology Center to investigate the non-dead pine trees to which the present invention has been applied. The pine trees subject to this survey were numbered # 6, # 7, # 8, # 9, # 10, # 11, # 12, and # 13 as identification numbers.
　上記ＤＮＡ鑑定の結果と対応するように、ザイセンチュウの同定結果は陰性であった。また、同様に、枝枯れを確認した松にも同様の調査を行ったところ、ザイセンチュウの同定結果は陽性であった。図５～９は、＃４、＃６、＃１３～＃１６の写真を示す。 Corresponding to the result of the above DNA test, the identification result of zebra was negative. Similarly, when a similar survey was conducted on pine trees that had confirmed branch withering, the identification result of zebra was positive. 5 to 9 show photographs of # 4, # 6, and # 13 to # 16.
　＃６、＃１３は、いずれも２０１４年１１月と２０１５年１２月の２回撒布したものである。撒布直後の土壌ｐＨはいずれも６．５であった。また、＃６、＃１３の樹液のｐＨについては、２０１６年６月～９月の測定でｐＨ７．０～７．５、２０１７年６月～９月の測定でｐＨ６．０～６．５、２０１９年６月～９月の測定でｐＨ５．５～６．０であった。 Both # 6 and # 13 were sprayed twice, in November 2014 and December 2015. The soil pH immediately after spraying was 6.5 in each case. Regarding the pH of the sap of # 6 and # 13, the pH was 7.0 to 7.5 as measured from June to September 2016, and the pH was 6.0 to 6.5 as measured from June to September 2017. The pH was 5.5 to 6.0 as measured from June to September 2019.
　＃１４、＃１５は、いずれも２０１５年１２月の１回撒布したものである。撒布直後の土壌ｐＨはいずれも６．５であり、２０１９年２月時点での土壌ｐＨはいずれも５．５であった。また、＃１４、＃１５の樹液のｐＨについては、樹液のｐＨが、２０１７年６月～９月の測定でｐＨ６．５であった。２０１６年６月は未測定だが、同じく２０１５年１２月に撒布を行った＃６、＃１３と同様にｐＨ７．０～７．５であったと推定される。 Both # 14 and # 15 were sprayed once in December 2015. The soil pH immediately after spraying was 6.5, and the soil pH as of February 2019 was 5.5. Regarding the pH of the sap of # 14 and # 15, the pH of the sap was 6.5 as measured from June to September 2017. Although it has not been measured in June 2016, it is estimated that the pH was 7.0 to 7.5, similar to # 6 and # 13, which were also sprayed in December 2015.
　＃１６は、２０１５年１２月の１回撒布したものである。撒布直後の土壌ｐＨは６．５であり、２０１９年２月時点での土壌ｐＨは６．０であった。また、＃１６の樹液のｐＨについては、２０１７年６月～９月の測定でｐＨ６．５であった。２０１６年６月は未測定だが、同じく２０１５年１２月に撒布を行った＃６、＃１３と同様にｐＨ７．０～７．５であったと推定される。 # 16 was sprayed once in December 2015. The soil pH immediately after spraying was 6.5, and the soil pH as of February 2019 was 6.0. The pH of the sap of # 16 was 6.5 as measured from June to September 2017. Although it has not been measured in June 2016, it is estimated that the pH was 7.0 to 7.5, similar to # 6 and # 13, which were also sprayed in December 2015.
　また、＃１０については、２０１５年の撒布前には土壌のｐＨが５．０～６．０であったものが、撒布後の２０１６年６月～８月の測定でｐＨ７．５、２０１７年６月～８月の測定でｐＨ６．５、２０１８年６月～８月の測定でｐＨ５．５～６．０だった。 Regarding # 10, the pH of the soil was 5.0 to 6.0 before the spraying in 2015, but the pH was 7.5 and 2017 as measured from June to August 2016 after the spraying. The pH was 6.5 as measured from June to August, and the pH was 5.5 to 6.0 as measured from June to August 2018.
　図１０は、松枯れの解析と対策を示す。ｐＨ８は海水である。図１０において、白抜き数字１で示すｐＨ７～７．５（翌年６月測定）、白抜き数字２で示すｐＨ６．０（～６．５）（撒布２年後９月）、白抜き数字３で示すｐＨ５．５（～６．０）（撒布３年後９月）の記載は、上記のｐＨのデータを元に記載したものである。
　また、図１０のように、酸性土壌による松枯れが起こる場合の土壌ｐＨは３～４程度と考えられ、酸性雨はｐＨ４．４～４．９と考えられ、元来健全な松樹液はｐＨ４．８～５．６と考えられ、カミキリムシ、ザイセンチュウが取り付きやすいのはｐＨ３～５．６程度（白抜き数字０）と考えられるが、撒布によりそれ以上のｐＨが得られることが確認された。なお、ｐＨは３～４の土壌は傾斜面に多く、硫酸塩や硝酸塩の蓄積が多い。 FIG. 10 shows the analysis and countermeasures for pine wilt. pH 8 is seawater. In FIG. 10, pH 7 to 7.5 indicated by the white number 1 (measured in June of the following year), pH 6.0 (to 6.5) indicated by the white number 2 (September two years after spraying), and white number 3 The description of pH 5.5 (to 6.0) (3 years after spraying, September) shown in (1) is based on the above pH data.
Further, as shown in FIG. 10, the soil pH when pine wilt occurs due to acidic soil is considered to be about 3 to 4, acid rain is considered to be pH 4.4 to 4.9, and originally healthy pine sap is considered to be pH 4. It is considered to be 0.8 to 5.6, and it is considered that the pH of the longhorn beetle and the pine wilt is easily attached to about pH 3 to 5.6 (white number 0), but it was confirmed that a higher pH can be obtained by spraying. .. In addition, soil having a pH of 3 to 4 has a large amount of inclined surface, and a large amount of sulfate and nitrate are accumulated.
　なお、フミン酸３質量％をかき殻に添加した、本発明の松枯れ防止剤の試作品は１月に松の木に撒布すると、３月末での松の木の樹液はｐＨ７．０となり、３質量％添加しないものを撒布した場合の３月末でのｐＨ５．５に比べ、早期に松ヤニの濃度も高く、アルカリ性も強めになったので、殺虫効果は４～６月の時期に好ましい状況を生むことになる。また、＃４は、ＤＮＡ鑑定においてザイセンチュウが陽性の松だが、８月に赤茶に枯れ、１１月に落葉し、幹にカミキリの穴があった。またその右となりの青い木は、翌年８月に簡単に葉枯れ、１１月にはカミキリの穴が発生したので、近い距離で容易にザイセンチュウの伝播が起こっていたと思われる。♯１０～１２は、２０１５年１２月に松枯れ防止剤を撒布して３年後の松においても、枯れ枝もなく幹にカミキリの穴も開かなかった。なお、この中に有り活性剤撒布を忘れられた松は枯れて切り捨てた。＃２については、土壌が酸性のｐＨ３～４で、全体の１／３の枝枯れでもザイセンチュウは存在しなかった。しかし、その後松枯れ防止剤を撒布すると枯れが消えた。ザイセンチュウ無しで半分枯れの松はやがてカミキリが潜入したので伐採した。この木が近くに有っても1／３枝枯れ松の木は影響を受けず幹から松ヤニが噴き出ていた。このことから、本発明の松枯れ防止剤は、枝枯れが全体の１／３以下の松の木に適用することが好ましい。また、本発明の松枯れ防止剤によれば、１０ｍ位近隣の松からのザイセンチュウによる汚染が防げる。たとえば、枝全体の半分くらいが枯れた松の木の近隣１０ｍ以内にある松にあっても、それにカミキリが取り付いていなければ、たとえば＃１３のようにいつまでも、松枯れ防止剤の撒布によって、汚染されずに救済される。また、酸性土壌のために枝全体の半分くらいが枯れた状態となった＃１の松について、８月にザイセンチュウの判定が陽性でなかったものが、１１月にはその根元に、カミキリが取り付き、卵を産み付けた孔が開いていたことも確認された。 When the prototype of the pine wilt inhibitor of the present invention, in which 3% by mass of humic acid was added to the husk, was sprayed on the pine tree in January, the sap of the pine tree at the end of March became pH 7.0, and 3% by mass was added. Compared to the pH of 5.5 at the end of March when the non-sprayed one was sprayed, the concentration of pine resin was higher and the alkalinity became stronger at an early stage, so the insecticidal effect was to create a favorable situation in the period from April to June. Become. In addition, # 4 is a pine that is positive for zebra in DNA analysis, but withered to reddish brown in August, defoliated in November, and had a hole in the trunk. In addition, the blue tree to the right of it easily withered its leaves in August of the following year, and a hole in the longhorn beetle occurred in November, so it is thought that the transmission of the longhorn beetle easily occurred at a short distance. For # 10-12, even in the pine trees three years after spraying the pine wilt inhibitor in December 2015, there were no dead branches and no holes in the trunk of longhorn beetles. The pine trees that were in this area and forgot to spray the activator died and were cut off. For # 2, the soil had an acidic pH of 3-4, and even with 1/3 of the total branch withering, no zebra was present. However, when the pine wilt inhibitor was sprayed after that, the wilt disappeared. Half-dead pine trees without zebra were cut down because longhorn beetles infiltrated them. Even if this tree was nearby, the 1/3 branch dead pine tree was not affected and pine tar was spouting from the trunk. From this, it is preferable that the pine wilt inhibitor of the present invention is applied to a pine tree having branch withering of 1/3 or less of the whole. Further, according to the pine wilt preventive agent of the present invention, contamination by pine wilt from pine trees in the vicinity of about 10 m can be prevented. For example, even if about half of the entire branch is in a pine tree within 10 m of a dead pine tree, if no longhorn beetle is attached to it, it will not be contaminated by spraying a pine wilt preventive agent, for example, # 13. Will be rescued. In addition, about the # 1 pine, which had about half of its branches withered due to acidic soil, the one that did not test positive for zebra in August was found to have a longhorn beetle at its root in November. It was also confirmed that there was a hole in which the egg was laid.
　また、本発明の松枯れ防止方法または松枯れ防止剤を適用し、アルカリ性土壌において元気になった松の根などに菌糸を活着させて茸を栽培することもできる。土壌がアルカリ性になることで土壌中の微生物の質が良くなるとともに微生物の活動が助長され、また松枯れ防止剤によって菌糸の活着が促進されると考えられる。茸としては、マツタケやアミガサタケが考えられるが、特に限定はされない。例えば、マツタケ菌は松と共生しているため、松が元気になることで良質、たとえば食味の良いマツタケが栽培されると考えられる。また、ミネラルがフルボ酸鉄やフミン酸鉄の触媒作用で水酸化物となって松に吸収され、松の抗酸化性を高めると考えられる。 It is also possible to apply the pine wilt prevention method or the pine wilt preventive agent of the present invention to cultivate mushrooms by engrafting hyphae on pine roots that have become healthy in alkaline soil. It is considered that the alkaline nature of the soil improves the quality of microorganisms in the soil, promotes the activity of microorganisms, and promotes the survival of hyphae by the pine wilt inhibitor. Mushrooms may be Matsutake mushrooms or morels, but are not particularly limited. For example, since Matsutake fungi coexist with pine trees, it is thought that pine mushrooms of good quality, for example, with good taste, can be cultivated when the pine trees become healthy. In addition, it is thought that minerals are catalyzed by iron fulvic acid and iron humate to become hydroxides and are absorbed by pine trees, enhancing the antioxidant properties of pine trees.
　直径４０、５０ｃｍ以上の太い松の木は、３０ｃｍ位のものと比べて、１～２年位で枯らすことはできない。また、小枝は、１０ｃｍ位の太さのものが１年に１～３本位枯れる。白い苔は皮を枯らし厚くする。そして、苔の裏面からカミキリの穴が開き、枝を枯らしていく。また、３質量％のフルボ酸を添加した実施形態の松枯れ防止剤は、３、４月に撒布しても、ｐＨ６．５～７とできることが確認された。カミキリの飛び立つ前の４～６月に殺虫することも大木では重要である。たとえば、４月１４日に、直径５０～７５ｃｍの松の木に、３質量％のフルボ酸を添加した松枯れ防止剤を撒布したところ、土壌ｐＨが３月に５．５だったものが６月６日には６．４になり、その時点での木のｐＨは、３月より１．０だけ上昇した。木のｐＨは、その後土壌ｐＨよりもアップしたと、松ヤニの流失からも考えられる。 Thick pine trees with a diameter of 40 or 50 cm or more cannot die in about 1 to 2 years compared to those with a diameter of about 30 cm. In addition, twigs with a thickness of about 10 cm die about 1 to 3 times a year. White moss withers and thickens the skin. Then, a hole in the longhorn beetle opens from the back of the moss, and the branches die. It was also confirmed that the pine wilt inhibitor of the embodiment to which 3% by mass of fulvic acid was added can have a pH of 6.5 to 7 even when sprayed in March and April. It is also important for large trees to kill insects in April to June before the longhorn beetle takes off. For example, on April 14, when a pine tree with a diameter of 50 to 75 cm was sprayed with a pine wilt inhibitor containing 3% by mass of fulvic acid, the soil pH was 5.5 in March, but in June 6 It reached 6.4 on the day, at which point the pH of the tree was 1.0 higher than in March. It is considered from the runoff of pine tar that the pH of the tree was subsequently higher than that of the soil.

Claims (18)

  1. 　多くのミネラル、アミノ酸、良質の微生物及びフルボ酸鉄を含むかき殻にさらにフルボ酸鉄、フミン酸鉄、フルボ酸およびフミン酸のうち少なくとも１つを添加した松枯れ防止剤を松に与え、前記松が分泌する松ヤニの量を増加させ、前記松ヤニと前記松に寄生するマツノザイセンチュウの体液との浸透圧差および前記松ヤニのｐＨが７．５に近い値になることによってマツノザイセンチュウの侵入を防止または殺虫し、かつマツノザイセンチュウを媒介するマダラカミキリムシに卵を産ませない、または産んだ卵、幼虫または蛹を駆除することによって、前記松の松枯れを防止することを特徴とする松枯れ防止方法。 A pine wilt inhibitor was added to the pine by adding at least one of iron fluvoate, iron humate, fulvic acid and fulvic acid to a husk containing many minerals, amino acids, high-quality microorganisms and iron fulvoate. By increasing the amount of pine wood secreted by the pine, the osmotic pressure difference between the pine wood and the body fluid of the pine wood nematode parasitizing the pine tree and the pH of the pine wood nematode are close to 7.5, thereby causing the pine wood nematode. It is characterized by preventing or killing the invasion of pine, and preventing the pine wilt by not laying eggs on the pine wood nematode, or by exterminating the laid eggs, larvae or frogs. How to prevent pine wilt.
  2. 　前記松枯れ防止剤に、前記フルボ酸、前記フミン酸、前記フルボ酸鉄又は前記フミン酸鉄を３．０質量％以上添加することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の松枯れ防止方法。 The method for preventing pine wilt according to claim 1, wherein 3.0% by mass or more of the fulvic acid, the humic acid, the iron fluboate, or the iron humate is added to the pine wilt inhibitor.
  3. 　前記松枯れ防止剤を１１月～２月に前記松に与えることを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の松枯れ防止方法。 The pine wilt prevention method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pine wilt inhibitor is given to the pine from November to February.
  4. 　前記松が生えている土壌の表面積１００ｍ２に対して２０ｋｇ以上の前記松枯れ防止剤を年１回以上、撒布することを特徴とする請求項１～３のいずれか一つに記載の松枯れ防止方法。 The pine wilt according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the pine wilt inhibitor of 20 kg or more is sprayed at least once a year on a surface area of 100 m 2 of the soil on which the pine grows. Prevention method.
  5. 　さらに、枯れた松の根元近くに生える白い苔の発生を防止することを特徴とする請求項１～４のいずれか一つに記載の松枯れ防止方法。 The method for preventing pine wilt according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising preventing the generation of white moss that grows near the roots of dead pine trees.
  6. 　さらに、前記フルボ酸又は前記フミン酸によって、前記かき殻成分中のミネラルの土壌への溶解を促進することを特徴とする請求項１～５のいずれか一つに記載の松枯れ防止方法。 The method for preventing pine wilt according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the fulvic acid or the humic acid promotes the dissolution of the minerals in the oyster shell component in the soil.
  7. 　さらに、前記フルボ酸又は前記フミン酸を前記松が生えている土壌中の鉄と反応させて、フミン酸鉄又はフルボ酸鉄を生成することを特徴とする請求項１～６のいずれか一つに記載の松枯れ防止方法。 Further, any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the fulvic acid or the humic acid is reacted with iron in the soil in which the pine tree grows to produce iron fulvic acid or iron fulvic acid. The method for preventing pine wilt described in.
  8. 　枝枯れが全体の１／３以下の松に適用することを特徴とする請求項１～７のいずれか一つに記載の松枯れ防止方法。 The pine wilt prevention method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the branch wilting is applied to pine trees of 1/3 or less of the total.
  9. 　請求項１～８のいずれか一つに記載の松枯れ防止方法により松枯れを防止した松に菌糸を活着させて茸を栽培することを特徴とする茸の栽培方法。 A method for cultivating mushrooms, which comprises cultivating mushrooms by allowing hyphae to grow on pine trees that have been prevented from withering by the method for preventing pine wilt according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
  10. 　前記茸はマツタケまたはアミガサタケであることを特徴とする請求項９に記載の茸の栽培方法。 The method for cultivating mushrooms according to claim 9, wherein the mushrooms are matsutake mushrooms or morels.
  11. 　松に与えることによって、前記松が分泌する松ヤニの量を増加させて、前記松ヤニと前記松に寄生するマツノザイセンチュウの体液との浸透圧差および前記松ヤニのｐＨが７．５に近い値になることによってマツノザイセンチュウの侵入を防止または殺虫し、かつマツノザイセンチュウを媒介するマダラカミキリムシに卵を産ませない、または産んだ卵、幼虫または蛹を駆除することによって、前記松の松枯れを防止する松枯れ防止剤であって、フルボ酸鉄を含むかき殻にさらにフルボ酸鉄、フミン酸鉄、フルボ酸およびフミン酸のうち少なくとも１つを添加してなることを特徴とする松枯れ防止剤。 By giving to pine, the amount of pine tar secreted by the pine is increased, and the osmotic pressure difference between the pine tar and the body fluid of the pine wood nematode parasitizing the pine and the pH of the pine tar are close to 7.5. The pine pine said by preventing or killing the invasion of the pine wood nematode by its value, and by not laying eggs on the pine wood nematode that carries the pine wood nematode, or by exterminating the laid eggs, larvae or 蛹. A pine wilt inhibitor that prevents withering, characterized in that at least one of iron fluboate, iron humate, fulboic acid, and humic acid is added to a husk containing iron fluboate. Anti-withering agent.
  12. 　前記フルボ酸、前記フミン酸、前記フルボ酸鉄又は前記フミン酸鉄を３．０質量％以上添加してなることを特徴とする請求項１１に記載の松枯れ防止剤。 The pine wilt inhibitor according to claim 11, wherein 3.0% by mass or more of the fulvic acid, the humic acid, the iron fluboate, or the iron humic acid is added.
  13. 　１１月～２月に前記松に与えるものであることを特徴とする請求項１１または１２に記載の松枯れ防止剤。 The pine wilt preventive agent according to claim 11 or 12, which is given to the pine from November to February.
  14. 　前記松が生えている土壌の表面積１００ｍ２に対して２０ｋｇ以上を年１回以上、撒布するものであることを特徴とする請求項１１～１３のいずれか一つに記載の松枯れ防止方剤。 The pine wilt preventive agent according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein 20 kg or more is sprinkled at least once a year on a surface area of 100 m 2 of the soil on which the pine grows. ..
  15. 　さらに、枯れた松の根元近くに生える白い苔の発生を防止することを特徴とする請求項１１～１４のいずれか一つに記載の松枯れ防止剤。 Further, the pine wilt preventive agent according to any one of claims 11 to 14, which is characterized by preventing the generation of white moss that grows near the root of a dead pine.
  16. 　さらに、前記フルボ酸、前記フミン酸、前記フルボ酸鉄又は前記フミン酸鉄によって、前記かき殻成分中のミネラルの土壌への溶解を促進することを特徴とする請求項１１～１５のいずれか一つに記載の松枯れ防止剤。 Further, any one of claims 11 to 15, wherein the fulvic acid, the humic acid, the iron fluvoate, or the iron humic acid promotes the dissolution of the mineral in the oyster shell component in the soil. The pine wilt preventive agent described in one.
  17. 　さらに、前記フルボ酸又は前記フミン酸を前記松が生えている土壌中の鉄と反応させて、フミン酸鉄又はフルボ酸鉄を生成することを特徴とする請求項１１～１６のいずれか一つに記載の松枯れ防止剤。 Further, any one of claims 11 to 16, wherein the fulvic acid or the humic acid is reacted with iron in the soil in which the pine tree grows to produce iron fulvic acid or iron fulvic acid. The pine wilt inhibitor described in.
  18. 　枝枯れが全体の１／３以下の松に適用することを特徴とする請求項１１～１７のいずれか一つに記載の松枯れ防止剤。 The pine wilt inhibitor according to any one of claims 11 to 17, wherein the branch withering is applied to pine with 1/3 or less of the whole.
PCT/JP2019/033192 2019-08-23 2019-08-23 Pine withering prevention method, pine withering prevention agent, and mushroom cultivation method WO2021038674A1 (en)

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