WO2021036743A1 - 偏光片及制备方法、显示组件和终端 - Google Patents

偏光片及制备方法、显示组件和终端 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021036743A1
WO2021036743A1 PCT/CN2020/107767 CN2020107767W WO2021036743A1 WO 2021036743 A1 WO2021036743 A1 WO 2021036743A1 CN 2020107767 W CN2020107767 W CN 2020107767W WO 2021036743 A1 WO2021036743 A1 WO 2021036743A1
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Prior art keywords
polarizing film
area
polarizer
film
light
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄治斌
韦宏阳
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Vivo Mobile Communication Co Ltd
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Vivo Mobile Communication Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
    • G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
    • G02B5/3041—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid comprising multiple thin layers, e.g. multilayer stacks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of polarizers, in particular to a polarizer, a preparation method, a display assembly and a terminal.
  • the formed polarizer 2 is punched and opened, so that the openings on the polarizer 2 correspond to the openings 6 on the display panel 1.
  • the polarizer 2 and the cover plate 4 are bonded through the OCA optical adhesive layer 3, and the openings of the polarizer 2 are filled with OCA (Optically Clear Adhesive) optical adhesive.
  • OCA Optically Clear Adhesive
  • the present disclosure provides a polarizer and a preparation method, a display assembly, and a terminal, which are used to solve the problem of uneven opening positions when punching and opening the formed polarizer.
  • OCA optical glue is used to open the polarizer. Bubbles are easy to appear during the filling process of the hole, which affects the bonding effect and is inconvenient for bonding.
  • the polarizer according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is applied to a display panel with openings, and the polarizer includes:
  • a polarizing film has a light-transmitting area
  • the first protective film is respectively arranged on both sides of the polarizing film.
  • the polarizing film in the light-transmitting area is transparent; or, the light-transmitting area is a hollow area.
  • the polarizer further includes:
  • a transparent adhesive layer provided on the first protective film on one side of the polarizing film
  • the release film is arranged on the side of the transparent adhesive layer away from the polarizing film;
  • the second protective film is provided on the first protective film on the other side of the polarizing film.
  • the display assembly according to the embodiment of the present disclosure includes:
  • a display panel, the display panel is provided with an opening
  • the polarizer as described in the above embodiment is arranged on the display panel.
  • the display component also includes:
  • the cover plate is arranged on the side of the polarizer away from the display panel.
  • a terminal includes the display component described in the foregoing embodiment.
  • the preparation method includes the following steps:
  • First protective films are respectively formed on both sides of the polarizing film.
  • the forming of the polarizing film includes:
  • the shielding of the first area is removed to form the polarizing film, and the first area of the polarizing film is transparent to form the light-transmitting area.
  • the forming of the polarizing film includes:
  • the shielding the second area on the substrate includes:
  • the light-shielding film is exposed and developed to form a light-shielding pattern, and the light-shielding pattern shields the second area of the substrate.
  • the forming of the polarizing film includes:
  • a hollow area is formed on the polarizing film.
  • a light-transmitting area is provided on the polarizing film, and when the polarizer with the light-transmitting area is applied to a display panel with openings, there is no need to punch and open the formed polarizer.
  • OCA optical glue to fill the openings of the polarizer, which reduces the process and avoids the problem of uneven openings of the polarizer and easy air bubbles during the filling process.
  • Facilitate the bonding improve the bonding effect of the polarizer and the cover plate, and improve the bonding yield.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of cooperation between a polarizer and a display panel in the related art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a polarizer according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a display assembly according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is another schematic diagram of the structure of the display assembly of the embodiment of the disclosure.
  • Fig. 5a is a schematic diagram of the first area on the substrate
  • FIG. 5b is a schematic diagram of the first area in FIG. 5a after a light-transmitting area is formed
  • Figure 6a is a schematic diagram after forming a dye layer and a light-shielding film on a substrate
  • Fig. 6b is a schematic diagram of the structure in Fig. 6a after exposure
  • Figure 6c is a schematic diagram of the structure in Figure 6b after being developed
  • Fig. 6d is a schematic diagram of the structure in Fig. 6c after decoloring to form a light-transmitting area.
  • Polarizing film 10 light-transmitting area 11; base material 12; first area 13;
  • Second area 14 dyeing layer 15; shading film 16;
  • the first protective film 20 is a first protective film 20;
  • the polarizer according to the embodiment of the present disclosure can be applied to a display panel with openings.
  • the polarizer includes: a polarizing film 10, the polarizing film 10 has a light-transmitting area 11, and the light-transmitting area 11 can be connected to the display panel.
  • the opening positions on the panel correspond; the first protective film 20 is respectively arranged on both sides of the polarizing film 10.
  • the polarizer is mainly composed of the polarizing film 10 and the first protective film 20, and the position on the polarizing film 10 corresponding to the position of the opening on the display panel may have a light-transmitting area 11 to pass through the light-transmitting area 11.
  • a first protective film 20 may be provided on both sides of the polarizing film 10, and the polarizing film 10 can be supported and protected by the first protective film 20 to prevent the polarizing film 10 from being damaged.
  • the polarizing film 10 may be a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film
  • the first protective film 20 may be a triacetate cellulose (TAC) film, which can support and protect the PVA film to ensure that the extended PVA film will not shrink; Since polyvinyl alcohol is easily hydrolyzed, in order to protect the polarizing film, a layer of TAC film with high light transmittance and good water resistance can be laminated on both sides of the PVA film.
  • PVA polyvinyl alcohol
  • TAC triacetate cellulose
  • the polarizing film 10 having the light-transmitting area 11 is applied to a display panel with openings (for example, a tablet, a mobile phone, or a computer monitor)
  • a display panel with openings for example, a tablet, a mobile phone, or a computer monitor
  • OCA optical glue to fill the opening of the polarizer, reducing the process and avoiding the polarization.
  • the opening position of the film is not flat and the problem of bubbles easily occurs during the filling process, which is convenient for bonding, improves the bonding effect of the polarizer and the cover plate, and improves the bonding yield.
  • a certain thickness of pressure sensitive adhesive can be coated on one side of the polarizer, and a release film that protects the pressure sensitive adhesive can be laminated, and the other side of the polarizer can be based on the product type
  • PSA pressure sensitive adhesive
  • the polarizer may further include a transparent adhesive layer 40, a release film 50, and a second protective film 60, wherein the transparent adhesive layer 40 is a transparent material layer ,
  • the transparent adhesive layer 40 can be provided on the first protective film 20 on one side of the polarizing film 10, and the release film 50 can be provided on the side of the transparent adhesive layer 40 away from the polarizing film 10, and the release film 50 can protect
  • the transparent adhesive layer 40, the second protective film 60 may be provided on the first protective film 20 on the other side of the polarizing film 10, and the second protective film 60 may protect the polarizing film 10 from external force damage.
  • a transparent adhesive layer 40 may be provided on the first protective film 20 on at least one side of the polarizing film 10, and the transparent adhesive layer 40 may be a sensation.
  • a transparent adhesive layer 40 is provided on the first protective film 20 on one side of the polarizing film 10, and a second protective film 20 on the other side of the polarizing film 10
  • the protective film 60 protects the polarizing film 10 from external force damage by the second protective film 60.
  • a release film 50 can be provided on the side of the transparent adhesive layer 40 away from the polarizing film 10, and the release film 50 can be a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • the PET film has high strength, is not easily deformed, and is transparent. It has good performance and high surface flatness. Before the polarizer is attached to the LCD (Liquid Crystal Display, liquid crystal display), it can protect the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer from damage and avoid the generation of adhesive bubbles.
  • LCD Liquid Crystal Display, liquid crystal display
  • a reflective film may be provided on the side of the transparent adhesive layer 40 away from the first protective film 20.
  • the side of the transparent adhesive layer 40 away from the first protective film 20 may be provided with a retardation film, and a release film 50 may also be provided on the side of the retardation film away from the first protective film through an adhesive layer.
  • the polarizing film in the light-transmitting area 11 can be transparent, without opening holes, and no need to use OCA optical glue to fill the openings of the polarizer, reducing the number of processes and avoiding the opening of the polarizer. The location is uneven and bubbles are prone to occur during the filling process.
  • the light-transmitting area 11 is a hollow-out area, and the light-transmitting area 11 can be arranged in a through hole shape, and the first protective film 20 is respectively arranged on both sides of the polarizing film 10.
  • the light-transmitting area 11 is a hollow area
  • the The first protective film 20 provided on both sides of the film 10 can seal the hollow area, and the position corresponding to the hollow area on the polarizer is not penetrated.
  • OCA optical glue to open the polarizer.
  • the hole is filled to avoid the problems of uneven opening of the polarizer and bubbles in the filling process.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a display assembly.
  • the display assembly includes a display panel 70 and the polarizer in the above-mentioned embodiment, wherein the display panel 70 is provided with an opening 71, and the polarizer is arranged On the display panel 70, a polarizer may be disposed on one side of the display panel 70, and the light-transmitting area 11 on the polarizer corresponds to the opening 71 on the display panel 70. Since the light-transmitting area 11 corresponding to the position of the opening of the display panel 70 is provided on the polarizing film, when the polarizer with the light-transmitting area is applied to the display panel with the opening, it is not necessary to perform the forming of the polarizer. Punching and opening holes for bonding the polarizer to the display and the display panel improves the bonding yield.
  • the display assembly may further include a cover plate 30.
  • the cover plate 30 may be provided on the side of the polarizer away from the display panel 70.
  • the cover plate 30 and the polarizer plate One side can be bonded by a layer 32 of OCA optical glue (such as polyurethane, silicone rubber, acrylic resin, unsaturated polyester or epoxy resin), and the polarizer with the light-transmitting area is applied to the display panel with openings
  • OCA optical glue such as polyurethane, silicone rubber, acrylic resin, unsaturated polyester or epoxy resin
  • a thinner OCA optical adhesive layer can be used to reduce the process, avoid the uneven opening position of the polarizer and the problem of bubbles during the filling process, facilitate the bonding, and improve the polarizer and the polarizer.
  • the fit effect of the cover When connecting the cover plate 30 and the polarizer, a thinner OCA optical adhesive layer can be used to reduce the process, avoid the uneven opening position of the polarizer and the problem of bubbles during the filling process, facilitate the bonding, and improve the polarizer and the polarizer. The fit effect of the cover.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a terminal.
  • the terminal includes the display component in the above-mentioned embodiment.
  • a terminal having the display component in the above-mentioned embodiment can improve the assembly quality of the terminal and increase the yield rate.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a method for preparing a polarizer.
  • the polarizer may be applied to a display panel with openings.
  • the method for preparing the polarizer may include the following steps:
  • the polarizing film 10 is formed, and a light-transmitting area 11 is provided on the polarizing film 10, and the light-transmitting area 11 may correspond to the position of the opening; the first protective film 20 may be formed on both sides of the polarizing film 10, respectively.
  • the light-transmitting area 11 corresponding to the position of the opening of the display panel can be provided on the polarizing film 10, and then the first protective film 20 is formed on both sides of the polarizing film 10 to support and protect the polarized light.
  • the film 10 when the polarizer is large and divided into small pieces, there is no need to punch through small holes, which reduces one punching process.
  • the polarizer prepared by the above method is applied to a display panel with openings, during the process of attaching the polarizer to the cover plate, there is no need to use OCA optical glue to fill the openings of the polarizer, reducing the number of processes and avoiding The opening position of the polarizer is uneven and bubbles are prone to occur during the filling process, which is convenient for bonding and improves the bonding effect of the polarizer and the cover plate.
  • the forming of the polarizing film may include:
  • the substrate 12 Provide a substrate 12 to shield the first area 13 on the substrate 12, for example, before dyeing the substrate 12 for forming a polarizing film, as shown in FIG.
  • the first region 13 corresponding to the position of the hole is shielded, and the substrate 12 can be a PVA material film; the substrate 12 is dyed; after the dyeing is completed, the shielding of the first region 13 is removed to form a polarizing film 10, as shown in Figure 5b
  • the first area 13 of the polarizing film 10 is transparent to form a light-transmitting area 11.
  • the first area 13 of the polarizing film 10 is transparent to form a light-transmitting area.
  • Light zone 11 does not require openings.
  • the non-opening polarizer is fully compatible with the bonding process in the related technology, and is convenient for bonding.
  • the polarizer manufacturing process in the related technology generally includes the following steps: selecting PVA film material ⁇ washing ⁇ swelling ⁇ dyeing ⁇ washing ⁇ stretching ⁇ color correction ⁇ drying ⁇ attaching TAC film.
  • the method in the embodiments of the present disclosure can be used in actual application process, after the incoming PVA film is washed with water and before dyeing, through related calculations such as the stretch rate of the film, and the The position of the opening corresponds to the first area 13 to be occluded.
  • the occlusion can be performed before the swelling.
  • the occlusion of the first region 13 can be removed.
  • the occlusion can be removed after the complementary color is completed, and then performed
  • the TAC film is dried and pasted to make the first area 13 of the polarizing film 10 transparent to form the light-transmitting area 11.
  • the forming of the polarizing film may include the following steps:
  • the substrate 12 used to form the polarizing film 10 mask the second area 14 on the substrate 12, which is the other area on the substrate 12 other than the first area 13;
  • the first area 13 of the polarizing film can be decolorized. For example, it can be decolorized by a solvent after exposure and development to form the polarizing film 10.
  • the first area 13 of the polarizing film 10 is transparent to form the light-transmitting area 11; Occlude.
  • the substrate 12 is dyed first, the other areas on the substrate 12 except the first area 13 are shielded, and the unshielded first area 13 is decolorized, so that the polarizing film 10 is A region 13 is transparent to form a light-transmitting region 11, a polarizing film 10 with a light-transmitting region 11 is formed, the second region 14 is removed, and the light-transmitting region is prepared by first dyeing and then decoloring the first region
  • the polarizing film 10 of 11 the process is simple, the prepared polarizer does not need to be opened, and the opening of the polarizer does not need to be filled with optical glue during the bonding process of the polarizer and the cover plate, which avoids the opening of the polarizer.
  • the uneven position of the hole and the problem of bubbles are prone to occur during the filling process, which reduces the process and facilitates the bonding.
  • the shielding of the second area 14 on the substrate 12 may include:
  • the substrate 12 used to form the polarizing film 10 is dyed.
  • a dyed layer 15 can be formed on the substrate 12;
  • a light-shielding film 16 is formed on the dyed substrate 12, That is, the light-shielding film 16 is formed on the dyeing layer 15; the light-shielding film 16 is exposed and developed, as shown in Figs. 6b to 6c, the first area 13 on the substrate 12 can be exposed and developed.
  • the color particles in the exposed area can be removed by a solvent (such as ethanol) to form a light-shielding pattern.
  • the light-shielding pattern shields the second region 14 of the substrate 12, as shown in FIG. 6d, the unshielded first region 13 is decolorized to form a transparent Light zone 11.
  • the corresponding opening position can be blocked by calculation, and the unblocked position can be removed with a solution (such as ethanol solution) to remove the dyed color particles to achieve transparency.
  • a solution such as ethanol solution
  • the following process can be used Proceeding: dyeing the base material ⁇ exposing ⁇ developing ⁇ removing the color particles from the solution ⁇ releasing the film. After the film is removed, the exposed position becomes transparent because the color particles are removed by the solution.
  • the forming of the polarizing film may include: forming a hollow area on the polarizing film 10 before forming the first protective film 20 on both sides of the polarizing film 10, and the hollow area may be separated from the opening on the display panel. The position of the hole corresponds.
  • a hollow area is formed on the polarizing film 10, and then the first protective film 20 is formed.
  • the hollow area can be sealed by the first protective film 20 so that the polarizing film and The corresponding position of the hollow area is not penetrated, which is convenient for processing.
  • optical glue to fill the openings of the polarizer, which avoids the problems of uneven opening positions of the polarizer and bubbles in the filling process, and reduces the process.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polarising Elements (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)

Abstract

一种偏光片及制备方法、显示组件和终端，偏光片包括：偏光膜（10），偏光膜（10）上具有透光区（11）；第一保护膜（20），分别设置于偏光膜（10）的两侧。

Description

偏光片及制备方法、显示组件和终端
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请主张在2019年8月28日在中国提交的中国专利申请No.201910802452.4的优先权，其全部内容通过引用包含于此。
技术领域
本公开涉及偏光片领域，具体涉及一种偏光片及制备方法、显示组件和终端。
背景技术
在偏光片的应用过程中，偏光片应用于具有开孔的显示面板时，需要在偏光片上进行开孔以与显示面板上的开孔相对应配合。如图1所示，相关技术中先是对成形后的偏光片2进行冲切开孔，以使偏光片2上的开孔与显示面板1上的开孔6相对应，在开孔后的偏光片2与盖板4贴合过程中，通过OCA光学胶层3粘结偏光片2与盖板4，利用OCA(Optically Clear Adhesive)光学胶对偏光片2的开孔处进行填充处理，由于偏光片的开孔位置不平整，在填充过程中容易出现气泡7，影响贴合效果，增加贴合难度，影响良率。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本公开提供一种偏光片及制备方法、显示组件和终端，用以解决对成形后的偏光片进行冲切开孔时开孔位置不平整，利用OCA光学胶对偏光片的开孔处进行填充过程中易出现气泡，影响贴合效果，不便贴合的问题。
为解决上述技术问题，本公开采用以下技术方案：
第一方面，根据本公开实施例的偏光片，应用于具有开孔的显示面板，偏光片包括：
偏光膜，所述偏光膜上具有透光区；
第一保护膜，分别设置于所述偏光膜的两侧。
进一步地，所述透光区的偏光膜透明；或者，所述透光区为镂空区。
进一步地，所述偏光片还包括：
透明粘着剂层，设在所述偏光膜的一侧的所述第一保护膜上；
离型膜，设在所述透明粘着剂层上远离所述偏光膜的一侧；
第二保护膜，设在所述偏光膜的另一侧的所述第一保护膜上。
第二方面，根据本公开实施例的显示组件，包括：
显示面板，所述显示面板上设有开孔；
设置于所述显示面板上的如上述实施例中所述的偏光片。
进一步地，显示组件还包括：
盖板，所述盖板设在所述偏光片的远离所述显示面板的一侧。
第三方面，根据本公开实施例的终端，包括上述实施例所述的显示组件。
第四方面，根据本公开实施例的偏光片的制备方法，制备方法包括以下步骤：
形成偏光膜，在所述偏光膜上设置一透光区；
在所述偏光膜的两侧分别形成第一保护膜。
进一步地，所述形成偏光膜包括：
提供一基材，对所述基材上的第一区域进行遮挡；
对所述基材进行染色；
在染色完成之后，移除所述第一区域的遮挡，形成所述偏光膜，所述偏光膜的所述第一区域透明形成所述透光区。
进一步地，所述形成偏光膜包括：
对用于形成所述偏光膜的基材进行染色；
对所述基材上的第二区域进行遮挡，所述第二区域为所述基材上第一区域之外的其他区域；
对未被遮挡的所述第一区域进行去色，形成所述偏光膜，所述偏光膜的所述第一区域透明形成所述透光区；
移除对所述第二区域的遮挡。
进一步地，所述对所述基材上的第二区域进行遮挡包括：
对用于形成所述偏光膜的基材进行染色；
在染色后的所述基材上形成遮光膜；
对所述遮光膜进行曝光并显影，形成遮光图案，所述遮光图案遮挡所述基材的第二区域。
进一步地，所述形成偏光膜包括：
在所述偏光膜的两侧形成所述第一保护膜之前，在所述偏光膜上形成镂空区。
本公开的上述技术方案至少具有如下有益效果：
根据本公开的偏光片，在偏光膜上设置透光区，将具有透光区的偏光片应用于具有开孔的显示面板时，不需要对成形后的偏光片进行冲切开孔，在偏光片与盖板贴合过程中，不需要利用OCA光学胶对偏光片的开孔处进行填充处理，减少工序，避免了偏光片的开孔位置不平整以及在填充过程中容易出现气泡的问题，便于贴合，提高偏光片与盖板的贴合效果，提高贴合良率。
附图说明
图1为相关技术中的偏光片与显示面板的配合示意图；
图2为本公开实施例的偏光片的一个结构示意图；
图3为本公开实施例的显示组件的一个结构示意图；
图4为本公开实施例的显示组件的另一个结构示意图；
图5a为基材上第一区域的示意图；
图5b为图5a中第一区域形成透光区后的示意图；
图6a为在基材上形成染色层和遮光膜后的示意图；
图6b为对图6a中结构进行曝光后的示意图；
图6c为对图6b中结构进行显影后的示意图；
图6d为对图6c中结构进行去色形成透光区后的示意图。
附图标记
偏光膜10；透光区11；基材12；第一区域13；
第二区域14；染色层15；遮光膜16；
第一保护膜20；
盖板30；
透明粘着剂层40；
离型膜50；
第二保护膜60；显示面板70。
具体实施方式
为使本公开实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本公开实施例的附图，对本公开实施例的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例是本公开的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于所描述的本公开的实施例，本领域普通技术人员所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
下面首先结合附图具体描述根据本公开实施例的偏光片。
如图2所示，根据本公开实施例的偏光片，可以应用于具有开孔的显示面板，偏光片包括：偏光膜10，偏光膜10上具有透光区11，透光区11可以与显示面板上的开孔位置对应；第一保护膜20，分别设置于偏光膜10的两侧。
也就是说，偏光片主要由偏光膜10和第一保护膜20构成，偏光膜10上与显示面板上的开孔的位置相对应的位置可以具有透光区11，以通过透光区11来保证透光率，在偏光膜10的两侧可以分别设置第一保护膜20，通过第一保护膜20来支撑保护偏光膜10，防止偏光膜10受到损坏。偏光膜10可以为聚乙烯醇(PVA)膜，第一保护膜20可以为三醋酸纤维素(TAC)薄膜，三醋酸纤维素薄膜可以支撑保护PVA膜，保证延伸的PVA膜不会回缩；由于聚乙烯醇易于水解，为了保护偏光膜，在PVA膜的两侧可以分别复合一层具有高光透过率且耐水性好的TAC薄膜。
通过在偏光膜10上设置与显示面板的开孔的位置对应的透光区11，将具有透光区11的偏光片10应用于具有开孔的显示面板(比如，平板、手机或电脑显示器)时，不需要对成形后的偏光片进行冲切开孔，在偏光片与盖板贴合过程中，也不需要利用OCA光学胶对偏光片的开孔处进行填充，减少工序，避免了偏光片的开孔位置不平整以及在填充过程中容易出现气泡的问题，便 于贴合，提高偏光片与盖板的贴合效果，提高贴合良率。
可以根据不同的使用要求，在偏光片的一侧涂复一定厚度的压敏胶(PSA)，可以复合上对压敏胶进行保护的离型膜，在偏光片的另一侧可以根据产品类型及需要复合不同作用类型的膜层(比如，保护膜、离型膜等)以形成偏光片成品。
在本公开的实施例中，如图3和图4所示，偏光片还可以包括透明粘着剂层40、离型膜50和第二保护膜60，其中，透明粘着剂层40为透明材料层，透明粘着剂层40可以设在偏光膜10的一侧的第一保护膜20上，离型膜50可以设在透明粘着剂层40上远离偏光膜10的一侧，离型膜50可以保护透明粘着剂层40，第二保护膜60可以设在偏光膜10的另一侧的第一保护膜20上，第二保护膜60可以保护偏光膜10不受外力损伤。
在本公开的一些实施例中，如图3和图4所示，在偏光膜10的至少一侧的第一保护膜20上可以设有透明粘着剂层40，透明粘着剂层40可以为感压胶，透明性好，比如，在偏光膜10的一侧的第一保护膜20上设有透明粘着剂层40，偏光膜10的另一侧的第一保护膜20上可以设有第二保护膜60，通过第二保护膜60保护偏光膜10不受外力损伤。透明粘着剂层40上远离偏光膜10的一侧可以设有离型膜50，离型膜50可以为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)膜，PET膜强度高，不易变形，透明性好，表面平整度高，在偏光片贴合到LCD(Liquid Crystal Display，液晶显示器)之前，能够保护压敏胶层不受损伤，避免产生贴合气泡。
在本公开的另一些实施例中，透明粘着剂层40的远离第一保护膜20的一侧可以设有反射膜。透明粘着剂层40上远离第一保护膜20的一侧可以设有位相差膜，还可以通过胶粘剂层在位相差膜上远离第一保护膜的一侧设置离型膜50。
在本公开的实施例中，透光区11的偏光膜可以透明，不需要开孔，也不需要利用OCA光学胶对偏光片的开孔处进行填充，减少工序，避免了偏光片的开孔位置不平整以及在填充过程中容易出现气泡的问题。或者，透光区11为可以镂空区，可以将透光区11设置成通孔状，在偏光膜10的两侧分别设置第一保护膜20，虽然透光区11为镂空区，通过在偏光膜10的两侧设置第 一保护膜20可以将镂空区封闭，偏光片上与镂空区对应的位置没有贯穿，在偏光片与盖板贴合过程中，不需要利用OCA光学胶对偏光片的开孔处进行填充处理，避免了偏光片的开孔位置不平整及填充过程中易出现气泡的问题。
本公开实施例还提供一种显示组件，如图3和图4所示，显示组件包括显示面板70和上述实施例中的偏光片，其中，显示面板70上设有开孔71，偏光片设置于显示面板70上，偏光片可以设置于显示面板70的一侧，偏光片上的透光区11与显示面板70上的开孔71相对应。由于在偏光膜上设置有与显示面板70的开孔的位置对应的透光区11，将具有透光区的偏光片应用于具有开孔的显示面板时，不需要对成形后的偏光片进行冲切开孔，在偏光片与显示，显示面板的贴合，提高贴合良率。
在本公开的一些实施例中，如图3和图4所示，显示组件还可以包括盖板30，盖板30可以设在偏光片的远离显示面板70的一侧，盖板30与偏光片的一侧可以通过OCA光学胶(比如聚氨酯、有机硅橡胶、丙烯酸型树脂、不饱和聚酯或环氧树脂)层32粘接，将具有透光区的偏光片应用于具有开孔的显示面板时，不需要对成形后的偏光片进行冲切开孔，在偏光片与盖板贴合过程中，不需要利用OCA光学胶对偏光片的开孔处进行填充处理，在利用OCA光学胶粘接盖板30和偏光片时可以使用更薄的OCA光学胶层，减少工序，避免了偏光片的开孔位置不平整以及在填充过程中容易出现气泡的问题，便于贴合，提高偏光片与盖板的贴合效果。
本公开实施例还提供一种终端，终端包括上述实施例中的显示组件，具有上述实施例中的显示组件的终端，能够提高终端的装配质量，提高良率。
本公开实施例还提供一种偏光片的制备方法，偏光片可以应用于具有开孔的显示面板，偏光片的制备方法可以包括以下步骤：
形成偏光膜10，在偏光膜10上设置一透光区11，透光区11可以与开孔的位置对应；在偏光膜10的两侧可以分别形成第一保护膜20。通过上述方法制备的偏光片，可以先在偏光膜10上设置与显示面板的开孔的位置对应的透光区11，然后在偏光膜10的两侧分别形成第一保护膜20以支撑保护偏光膜10，在偏光片大片分小片时，不需要再进行小孔冲切，减少一道冲切工序。通过上述方法制备的偏光片应用于具有开孔的显示面板时，在偏光片与盖板 贴合过程中，也不需要利用OCA光学胶对偏光片的开孔处进行填充，减少工序，避免了偏光片的开孔位置不平整以及在填充过程中容易出现气泡的问题，便于贴合，提高偏光片与盖板的贴合效果。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述形成偏光膜可以包括：
提供一基材12，对基材12上的第一区域13进行遮挡，比如，在对用于形成偏光膜的基材12进行染色之前，如图5a所示，对基材12上的与开孔的位置对应的第一区域13进行遮挡，基材12可以为PVA材质膜；对基材12进行染色；在染色完成之后，移除第一区域13的遮挡，形成偏光膜10，如图5b所示，偏光膜10的第一区域13透明形成透光区11，通过在染色过程中遮挡第一区域13以使第一区域13不染色，使得偏光膜10的第一区域13透明以形成透光区11，不需要开孔，在偏光片与盖板贴合过程中，也不需要利用OCA光学胶对偏光片的开孔处进行填充，减少工序，避免了偏光片的开孔位置不平整以及在填充过程中容易出现气泡的问题，不开孔的偏光片与相关技术中的贴合工艺能完全兼容，便于贴合。
相关技术中的偏光片制程一般包括以下工序：选择PVA膜材→水洗→膨润→染色→水洗→拉伸→补色→干燥→贴TAC膜。结合相关技术中的制程工艺，本公开实施例中的方法在实际应用过程中，可以在PVA膜材来料水洗后且染色之前通过膜材拉伸率等相关计算，可以对基材12上与开孔的位置对应的第一区域13进行遮挡，比如，可以在膨润之前进行遮挡，在染色完成之后，移除第一区域13的遮挡，比如，可以在补色完成后去除遮挡，然后再进行干燥和贴TAC膜，以使偏光膜10的第一区域13透明形成透光区11。
在本公开的另一些实施例中，所述形成偏光膜可以包括以下步骤：
对用于形成偏光膜10的基材12进行染色；对基材12上的第二区域14进行遮挡，第二区域14为基材12上第一区域13之外的其他区域；对未被遮挡的第一区域13进行去色，比如，可以通过曝光显影后通过溶剂进行去色，形成偏光膜10，偏光膜10的第一区域13透明形成透光区11；移除对第二区域14的遮挡。也即是，先对基材12进行染色，对基材12上的第一区域13之外的其他区域进行遮挡，对未被遮挡的第一区域13进行去色，以使偏光膜10的第一区域13透明形成透光区11，形成具有透光区11的偏光膜10，移除 对第二区域14的遮挡，通过先染色再对第一区域进行去色的方法来制备具有透光区11的偏光膜10，工序简单，制备的偏光片不需要开孔，在偏光片与盖板贴合过程中，不需要利用光学胶对偏光片的开孔处进行填充，避免了偏光片的开孔位置不平整以及在填充过程中容易出现气泡的问题，减少工序，便于贴合。
在本公开实施例中，所述对基材12上的第二区域14进行遮挡可以包括：
如图6a和图6b所示，对用于形成偏光膜10的基材12进行染色，经过染色后可以在基材12上形成染色层15；在染色后的基材12上形成遮光膜16，也即是在染色层15上形成遮光膜16；对遮光膜16进行曝光并显影，如图6b至图6c所示，可以对基材12上的第一区域13进行曝光显影，曝光显影之后，可以通过溶剂(比如乙醇)去除曝光区域的色粒，形成遮光图案，遮光图案遮挡基材12的第二区域14，如图6d所示，对未被遮挡的第一区域13进行去色形成透光区11。
实际应用过程中，可以在PVA补色后，通过计算将对应开孔的位置进行遮挡，未遮挡位置用溶液(如乙醇溶液)将已染好的色粒去除，以实现透明，比如可以通过以下工序进行：对基材进行染色→曝光→显影→溶液去除色粒→脱膜，脱膜后曝光位置由于色粒被溶液去除即显示透明。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述形成偏光膜可以包括：在偏光膜10的两侧形成第一保护膜20之前，在偏光膜10上形成镂空区，镂空区可以与显示面板上的开孔的位置对应。在偏光膜10的两侧形成第一保护膜20之前，在偏光膜10上形成镂空区，然后再形成第一保护膜20，通过第一保护膜20可以将镂空区封闭，以使偏光片上与镂空区对应的位置没有贯穿，便于加工。在偏光片与盖板贴合过程中，不需要利用光学胶对偏光片的开孔处进行填充处理，避免了偏光片的开孔位置不平整及填充过程中易出现气泡的问题，减少工序。
除非另作定义，本公开中使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本公开所属领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。本公开中使用的“第一”、“第二”以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性，而只是用来区分不同的组成部分。
以上所述是本公开的可选的实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本公开所述原理的前提下，还可以作出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本公开的保护范围。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种偏光片，包括：
    偏光膜，所述偏光膜上具有透光区；
    第一保护膜，分别设置于所述偏光膜的两侧。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的偏光片，其中，所述透光区的偏光膜透明；或者，所述透光区为镂空区。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的偏光片，还包括：
    透明粘着剂层，设在所述偏光膜的一侧的所述第一保护膜上；
    离型膜，设在所述透明粘着剂层上远离所述偏光膜的一侧；
    第二保护膜，设在所述偏光膜的另一侧的所述第一保护膜上。
  4. 一种显示组件，包括：
    显示面板，所述显示面板上设有开孔；
    设置于所述显示面板上的如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的偏光片。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的显示组件，还包括：
    盖板，所述盖板设在所述偏光片的远离所述显示面板的一侧。
  6. 一种终端，包括如权利要求4-5中任一项所述的显示组件。
  7. 一种偏光片的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
    形成偏光膜，在所述偏光膜上设置一透光区；
    在所述偏光膜的两侧分别形成第一保护膜。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的制备方法，其中，所述形成偏光膜包括：
    提供一基材，对所述基材上的第一区域进行遮挡；
    对所述基材进行染色；
    在染色完成之后，移除所述第一区域的遮挡，形成所述偏光膜，所述偏光膜的所述第一区域透明形成所述透光区。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的制备方法，其中，所述形成偏光膜包括：
    对用于形成所述偏光膜的基材进行染色；
    对所述基材上的第二区域进行遮挡，所述第二区域为所述基材上第一区域之外的其他区域；
    对未被遮挡的所述第一区域进行去色，形成所述偏光膜，所述偏光膜的所述第一区域透明形成所述透光区；
    移除对所述第二区域的遮挡。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的制备方法，其中，所述对所述基材上的第二区域进行遮挡包括：
    对用于形成所述偏光膜的基材进行染色；
    在染色后的所述基材上形成遮光膜；
    对所述遮光膜进行曝光并显影，形成遮光图案，所述遮光图案遮挡所述基材的第二区域。
  11. 根据权利要求7所述的制备方法，其中，所述形成偏光膜包括：
    在所述偏光膜的两侧形成所述第一保护膜之前，在所述偏光膜上形成镂空区。
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