WO2021035736A1 - 充电控制方法及装置、充电测试方法及系统、电子设备 - Google Patents

充电控制方法及装置、充电测试方法及系统、电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021035736A1
WO2021035736A1 PCT/CN2019/103858 CN2019103858W WO2021035736A1 WO 2021035736 A1 WO2021035736 A1 WO 2021035736A1 CN 2019103858 W CN2019103858 W CN 2019103858W WO 2021035736 A1 WO2021035736 A1 WO 2021035736A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
charging
test
battery
state
battery cell
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/103858
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
谢红斌
林尚波
Original Assignee
Oppo广东移动通信有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 filed Critical Oppo广东移动通信有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2019/103858 priority Critical patent/WO2021035736A1/zh
Priority to CN201980098772.4A priority patent/CN114174844B/zh
Publication of WO2021035736A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021035736A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of electronic equipment, in particular to a charging control method and device, a charging test method and system, and electronic equipment.
  • the charging method commonly used on lithium batteries is to continuously charge to a certain potential through a preset constant current and then charge at this potential at a constant voltage.
  • This charging method will cause the anode potential to drop continuously, causing lithium ions to be reduced to lithium metal and precipitate on the anode surface.
  • the lithium dendrites generated at this time will accumulate on the surface of the electrode, which greatly threatens the safety performance of the battery.
  • An object of the present invention is to ensure the charging safety of the battery cell while charging the battery cell quickly.
  • a charging control method including:
  • the charging state is the battery cell voltage or the battery state of charge
  • the battery cell is charged with the charging current corresponding to the state of charge; wherein the method of obtaining the corresponding relationship between the pre-stored state of charge and the charging current is: according to monitoring Adjust the test charge current of the battery cell with the lithium-depletion state of the negative electrode of the battery, and record the corresponding test charge state, and use the corresponding relationship between the generated test charge state and the test charge current as the corresponding relationship between the prestored charge state and the charge current .
  • a charging control device including:
  • the obtaining unit is used to obtain the charging state of the battery cell, where the charging state is the battery cell voltage or the state of charge of the battery cell;
  • the adjustment unit is configured to charge the battery cell with the charging current corresponding to the charging state according to the corresponding relationship between the pre-stored charging state and the charging current;
  • the method of obtaining the corresponding relationship between the pre-stored charging state and the charging current is: adjusting the test charging current of the battery according to the monitored lithium evolution state of the negative electrode of the battery, recording the corresponding test charging state, and charging the generated test
  • the corresponding relationship between the state and the test charging current is used as the corresponding relationship between the pre-stored state of charge and the charging current.
  • an electronic device including a battery cell, a charging circuit, a storage unit, and a processing unit;
  • the storage unit is used to store a charging control program
  • the processing unit is configured to run a charging control program, and when the charging control program is executed, run the charging control method to control the charging circuit to charge the battery cell.
  • a charging test system is provided.
  • the charging test system is used to perform a charging test on a battery cell.
  • the battery cell has a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a reference electrode.
  • the charging test system includes:
  • the voltage detection device has two input terminals and an output terminal.
  • the two input terminals of the voltage detection device are respectively connected to the negative electrode of the cell and the reference electrode, and the potential of the reference electrode is The ground potential of the voltage detection device, and the output terminal of the voltage detection device is used to output the negative voltage of the battery;
  • the charging device has a signal receiving terminal and a charging terminal, the signal receiving terminal is connected to the output terminal of the voltage detection device, the charging terminal is connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery, and the potential of the negative electrode voltage is The ground potential of the charging device; the charging device adjusts the test charging current to the battery cell according to the negative electrode voltage detected by the voltage detection device.
  • a charging test method includes:
  • a readable storage medium including:
  • the processor runs a charging control program, and when the charging control program is executed, runs the charging control method.
  • a readable storage medium including:
  • the processor runs a charging control program, and when the charging control program is executed, runs the charging test method.
  • the test charging current of the battery is adjusted according to the monitored lithium evolution state of the negative electrode of the battery. Monitoring is to maximize the charging current under the premise of ensuring the safety of battery charging, and at the same time can prevent or reduce the phenomenon of lithium evolution in the negative electrode of the battery. Therefore, this embodiment can take into account the safety performance of the battery cell and the charging speed.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an electronic device of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the circuit structure of an embodiment of the electronic device of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of an embodiment of the charging control method of the present disclosure
  • Figure 4 is a test flow chart for testing the correspondence between the pre-stored charging state and the charging current
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the corresponding relationship between the pre-stored charging voltage and the charging current
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the corresponding relationship between the pre-stored charging voltage and the charging current corresponding to two different charging times
  • Figure 7 is a system architecture diagram of the electronic device of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a structural block diagram of the charging control device of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the charging test system of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 is a flowchart of an embodiment of the charging test method of the present disclosure.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • they may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrated; they may be Electrical connection can also be mutual communication; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium.
  • electrical connection can also be mutual communication; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium.
  • plural means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.
  • “And/or” describes the association relationship of the associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships, for example, A and/or B, which can indicate the existence of A alone, B alone, and both A and B.
  • the symbol “/” generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an “or” relationship.
  • the terms “first” and “second” are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined with “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features.
  • the present disclosure proposes an electronic device, which may be a smart terminal or a communication terminal.
  • the terminal or communication terminal includes but is not limited to being set to be connected via a wired line, such as via a public switched telephone network (PSTN), digital subscriber line (digital subscriber line, DSL), digital cable, direct cable connection, and /Or another data connection/network and/or via, for example, a cellular network, a wireless local area network (WLAN), a digital television network such as a handheld digital video broadcasting handheld, DVB-H) network, a satellite A network, an amplitude modulation-frequency modulation (AM-FM) broadcast transmitter, and/or a device for receiving/transmitting communication signals on a wireless interface of another communication terminal.
  • PSTN public switched telephone network
  • DSL digital subscriber line
  • DSL digital cable
  • direct cable connection direct cable connection
  • a communication terminal set to communicate through a wireless interface may be referred to as a "wireless communication terminal", a “wireless terminal” and/or a “smart terminal”.
  • wireless communication terminal examples include, but are not limited to satellite or cellular phones; personal communication system (PCS) terminals that can combine cellular radio phones with data processing, fax, and data communication capabilities; can include radio phones, pagers, and the Internet/ Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) with intranet access, web browser, memo pad, calendar, and/or global positioning system (GPS) receiver; and conventional laptop and/or palmtop receiver Or other electronic equipment including a radio telephone transceiver.
  • PCS personal communication system
  • PDA Internet/ Personal Digital Assistant
  • GPS global positioning system
  • the terminal can also include, but is not limited to, electronic book readers, smart wearable devices, mobile power sources (such as power banks, travel chargers), electronic cigarettes, wireless mice, wireless keyboards, wireless headsets, Bluetooth speakers, etc. Rechargeable electronic equipment.
  • the electronic device is a mobile phone for description.
  • the adapter can work in a constant voltage mode, and the output voltage thereof is basically maintained constant, such as 5V, 9V, 12V, or 20V.
  • the output current can be a pulsating DC current (direction and amplitude change with time), AC current (direction and amplitude change with time) or constant DC current (direction and amplitude do not change with time).
  • the voltage output by the relevant adapter is not suitable for being directly loaded on both ends of the battery, but needs to be transformed by a conversion circuit in the electronic device to obtain the expected charging voltage and/or charging current of the battery in the electronic device.
  • the adapter can also work in a voltage-following manner. That is, the adapter and the electronic device to be charged perform two-way communication.
  • the adapter adjusts its output voltage and current according to the required charging voltage and charging current feedback from the electronic device, so that the output voltage and current can be directly loaded on the battery of the electronic device , To charge the battery, the electronic device does not need to adjust the charging voltage and charging current again.
  • the conversion circuit can control the charging voltage and/or charging current of the battery in different charging stages. For example, in the constant current charging stage, the conversion circuit can use a current feedback loop to make the current entering the battery meet the expected first charging current of the battery. In the constant voltage charging stage, the conversion circuit can use a voltage feedback loop to make the voltage applied to both ends of the battery meet the expected charging voltage of the battery. In the trickle charging phase, the conversion circuit can use the current feedback loop to make the current entering the battery meet the second charging current expected by the battery (the second charging current is less than the first charging current).
  • the conversion circuit is used to perform a step-down conversion process on the voltage output by the relevant adapter, so that the size of the charging voltage obtained after the step-down conversion meets the expected charging voltage of the battery The size of the charging voltage.
  • the normal charging mode means that the adapter outputs a relatively small current value (usually less than 2.5A) or uses a relatively small power (usually less than 15W) to charge the battery in the charging device. In the normal charging mode, it usually takes several hours to fully charge a large capacity battery (such as a 3000 mAh capacity battery).
  • Fast charging mode means that the adapter can output relatively large current (usually greater than 2.5A, such as 4.5A, 5A or even higher) or relatively large power (usually greater than or equal to 15W) to treat the battery in the charging device Recharge.
  • the charging speed of the adapter in the fast charging mode is faster, and the charging time required to fully charge the battery of the same capacity can be significantly shortened.
  • the wireless charging system and the wired charging system in the related art are respectively introduced below.
  • a power supply device (such as an adapter) is generally connected to a wireless charging device (such as a wireless charging base), and the output power of the power supply device is wirelessly (such as electromagnetic signals or electromagnetic waves) through the wireless charging device. It is transmitted to the electronic device, and the electronic device is wirelessly charged.
  • wireless charging methods are mainly divided into three methods: magnetic coupling (or electromagnetic induction), magnetic resonance, and radio waves.
  • mainstream wireless charging standards include the QI standard, the Power Matters Alliance (PMA) standard, and the Wireless Power Alliance (Alliance for Wireless Power, A4WP). Both the QI standard and the PMA standard use magnetic coupling for wireless charging.
  • the A4WP standard uses magnetic resonance for wireless charging.
  • a power supply device (such as an adapter) is generally connected to an electronic device through a cable, and the power provided by the power supply device is transmitted to the electronic device through the cable to charge the electronic device.
  • CCCV constant current and constant voltage
  • the battery charging process may include: trickle charging phase (or mode), constant current charging phase (or mode), constant voltage charging phase (or mode), and supplementary charging phase (or mode).
  • the fully discharged battery is precharged (ie, restorative charging).
  • the trickle charge current is usually one-tenth of the constant current charge current.
  • the battery In the constant current charging stage, the battery is charged with a constant current, and the charging voltage rises rapidly. When the charging voltage reaches the expected charging voltage threshold of the battery, it will switch to the constant voltage charging stage.
  • the battery In the constant voltage charging stage, the battery is charged with a constant voltage, and the charging current gradually decreases. When the charging current drops to the set current threshold, the battery is fully charged.
  • the battery After the battery is fully charged, due to the influence of the battery's self-discharge, some current loss will occur. At this time, it will enter the supplementary charging stage. In the supplementary charging phase, the charging current is very small, just to ensure that the battery is at full capacity.
  • the constant current charging stage does not require the charging current to remain completely constant. For example, it can generally mean that the peak or average value of the charging current remains unchanged for a period of time.
  • the constant current charging stage can be charged in a multi-stage constant current charging method.
  • the segmented constant current charging can have M constant current stages (M is an integer not less than 2), the segmented constant current charging starts the first stage charging with a predetermined charging current, and the segmented constant current charging has M constant current stages It is executed in sequence from the first stage to the Mth stage.
  • M is an integer not less than 2
  • the segmented constant current charging starts the first stage charging with a predetermined charging current
  • the segmented constant current charging has M constant current stages It is executed in sequence from the first stage to the Mth stage.
  • the current can be reduced; when the battery voltage reaches the charge termination voltage threshold, the constant
  • the previous constant current phase in the flow phase will shift to the next constant current phase.
  • the current conversion process between two adjacent constant current stages can be gradual or stepwise jump changes.
  • the battery structure can be modified to use multiple cells connected in series, and directly charge the multiple cells, that is, directly charge the cells.
  • the voltage output by the adapter is applied to both ends of the battery cell containing multiple cells.
  • the charging current required by the multi-cell is about It is 1/N of the charging current required by a single cell (N is the number of cells connected in series).
  • N is the number of cells connected in series.
  • the electronic device may include a rear case 11, a display screen 12, a circuit board, and a battery. It should be noted that the electronic device is not limited to include the above content.
  • the rear shell 11 may form the outer contour of the electronic device.
  • the rear shell 11 may be a metal rear shell, such as magnesium alloy, stainless steel and other metals.
  • the material of the rear shell 11 in the embodiment of the present application is not limited to this, and other methods may also be used.
  • the rear shell 11 may be a plastic rear shell, a ceramic rear shell, a glass rear shell, and the like.
  • the display screen 12 is installed in the rear shell 11.
  • the display screen 12 is electrically connected to the circuit board to form the display surface of the electronic device.
  • the display surface of the electronic device may be provided with a non-display area.
  • the top or/and bottom of the electronic device may form a non-display area, that is, the electronic device forms a non-display area on the upper or/and lower part of the display screen 12.
  • Area, electronic equipment can install cameras, receivers and other devices in non-display areas.
  • the display surface of the electronic device may not be provided with a non-display area, that is, the display screen 12 may be a full screen.
  • the display screen can be laid on the entire display surface of the electronic device, so that the display screen can perform full-screen display on the display surface of the electronic device.
  • the display screen 12 may be one or a combination of a liquid crystal display, an organic light emitting diode display, an electronic ink display, a plasma display, and a display using other display technologies.
  • the display screen 12 may include a touch sensor array (ie, the display screen 12 may be a touch display screen).
  • the touch sensor can be a capacitive touch sensor formed by an array of transparent touch sensor electrodes (such as indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes), or it can be a touch sensor formed using other touch technologies, such as sonic touch, pressure-sensitive touch, and resistance. Touch, optical touch, etc., are not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • a cover plate may be provided on the display screen 12, and the cover plate may cover the display screen 12 to protect the display screen 12.
  • the cover plate may be a transparent glass cover plate, so that the display screen 12 can display through the cover plate.
  • the cover plate may be a glass cover plate made of materials such as sapphire.
  • a storage space is formed between the rear case 11 and the display screen 12, and the storage space can accommodate electronic equipment components, such as circuit boards, batteries, and the like.
  • the circuit board is installed in the back shell 11, the circuit board can be the main board of the electronic device, and the circuit board can be integrated with a motor, a microphone, a speaker, a headphone interface, a universal serial bus interface, a camera, a distance sensor, an ambient light sensor, One, two or more of functional devices such as receivers and processing units.
  • the circuit board may be fixed in the rear case 11.
  • the circuit board may be screwed to the rear shell 11 by screws, or may be snap-fitted to the rear shell 11 in a snap-fit manner.
  • the specific method of fixing the circuit board to the rear housing 11 in the embodiment of the present application is not limited to this, and other methods, such as a method of joint fixing by a buckle and a screw, may also be used.
  • the battery is installed in the rear case 11, and the battery 11 is electrically connected to the circuit board to provide power to the electronic device.
  • the rear case 11 can serve as a battery cover for the battery.
  • the rear shell 11 covers the battery to protect the battery and reduce damage to the battery due to collisions, drops, and the like of electronic devices.
  • FIG. 2 is a structural block diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • the electronic device may include a storage and processing circuit 131, and the storage and processing circuit 131 may be integrated on a circuit board.
  • the storage and processing circuit 131 may include storage units, such as hard disk drive storage units, non-volatile storage units (such as flash memory or other electronic programmable read-only storage units used to form solid-state drives, etc.), and volatile storage units (such as Static or dynamic random access storage units, etc.), etc., are not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the processing circuit in the storage and processing circuit 131 can be used to control the operation of the electronic device.
  • the processing circuit can be implemented based on one or more micro processing units, microcontrollers, digital signal processing units, baseband processing units, power management units, audio codec chips, application specific integrated circuits, display driver integrated circuits, etc.
  • the storage and processing circuit 131 can be used to run software in electronic devices, such as Internet browsing applications, Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP) phone call applications, email applications, media playback applications, operating system functions, etc. .
  • VOIP Voice over Internet Protocol
  • the electronic device may include an input-output circuit 132, and the input-output circuit 132 may be provided on a circuit board.
  • the input-output circuit 132 can be used to enable the electronic device to input and output data, that is, allow the electronic device to receive data from the external device and also allow the electronic device to output data from the electronic device to the external device.
  • the input-output circuit 132 may further include a sensor 1321.
  • the sensor 1321 may include an ambient light sensor, a proximity sensor based on light and capacitance, and a touch sensor (for example, a light-based touch sensor and/or a capacitive touch sensor, where the touch sensor may be a part of a touch screen or as a The touch sensor structure is used independently), acceleration sensor, temperature sensor, and other sensors.
  • the electronic device may include a power management circuit and other input-output units 1322.
  • the input-output unit may include buttons, joysticks, click wheels, scroll wheels, touch pads, keypads, keyboards, cameras, light-emitting diodes, and other status indicators.
  • the user can input commands through the input-output circuit 132 to control the operation of the electronic device, and can use the output data of the input-output circuit 132 to realize receiving status information and other output from the electronic device.
  • the electronic device also includes a charging circuit 133.
  • the charging circuit 133 can charge the battery cell 14 of the electronic device.
  • the charging circuit 133 may be used to further adjust the charging voltage and/or charging current input from the adapter to meet the charging requirements of the battery.
  • the electronic device is equipped with a charging interface
  • the charging interface 123 may be, for example, a USB 2.0 interface, a Micro USB interface, or a USB TYPE-C interface.
  • the charging interface may also be a lightning interface, or any other type of parallel port or serial port that can be used for charging.
  • the charging interface 400 is connected to an adapter through a data line. The adapter obtains electrical energy from the mains. After voltage conversion, it is transmitted through the data line and the charging interface 400 to the charging circuit. Therefore, the electrical energy can be charged into the battery cell to be charged through the charging circuit.
  • the battery in the following embodiments is a lithium ion battery.
  • Fig. 3 is a flowchart showing a charging control method according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the charging control method of the present disclosure includes:
  • Step S20 acquiring the charging state of the battery cell, where the charging state is the battery cell voltage or the state of charge of the battery cell;
  • Step S21 according to the corresponding relationship between the pre-stored state of charge and the charging current, charge the battery cell with the charging current corresponding to the state of charge; wherein the corresponding relationship between the pre-stored state of charge and the charging current is acquired as follows: according to the monitored battery cell The lithium evolution state of the negative electrode adjusts the test charging current of the battery cell, and records the corresponding test charge state, and the generated corresponding relationship between the test charge state and the test charge current is regarded as the corresponding relationship between the prestored charge state and the charge current.
  • the charging status can be detected at equal time intervals, or the charging status can be detected at random.
  • the step of obtaining the charging state of the battery cell in this embodiment includes:
  • charging the battery cell with the charging current corresponding to the charging state includes:
  • the battery cell In each first preset time period, according to the pre-stored corresponding relationship between the charging state and the charging current, the battery cell is charged with the charging current corresponding to the charging state of the battery cell acquired last time.
  • the first preset duration is not limited here, and it may be 1 second or 5 seconds. Specifically, it can be determined according to the operating frequency of the charging circuit for charging the battery cell and actual needs.
  • the current state of charge of the battery cell is obtained.
  • the charging current corresponding to the current state of charge is 4000mA, so the cell will be charged with a constant current of 4000mA within 1 second.
  • the current charging state of the battery cell is obtained again, and the charging current corresponding to the current charging state at this time is 4100mA, and the battery cell is charged with a constant current of 4100mA in the second 1 second.
  • the battery cell is charged in this way until the charging cut-off voltage of the battery cell is reached.
  • the voltage of the battery cell will increase as the charging progresses, and the state of charge of the battery cell (the ratio of the remaining capacity to the capacity of the fully charged state, SOC) will also gradually increase.
  • the state of charge may be the voltage of the cell or the state of charge of the cell.
  • the storage unit of the electronic device has a pre-stored corresponding relationship between the charging state and the charging current. It is understandable that when the charging state of the battery cell is the battery cell voltage, the corresponding relationship between the pre-stored charging state and the charging current corresponds to the corresponding relationship between the pre-stored battery cell voltage and the charging current; when the charging state of the battery cell is the battery cell In the state of charge, the correspondence between the prestored state of charge and the charging current corresponds to the correspondence between the prestored state of charge of the cell and the charging current.
  • the corresponding relationship between the pre-stored battery cell voltage and the charging current is obtained by performing a charging test on the battery cell in the laboratory stage.
  • the battery cell can be independent of the electronic equipment and the charging test system can be used to perform the charging test separately.
  • the mass-produced cells have roughly the same performance, it is not required that the cells used in the test in the laboratory and the cells installed in the electronic equipment are the same cell. As long as the two are the same specification, the same model, or the same batch of batteries.
  • the corresponding relationship between the pre-stored cell voltage and the charging current can be embodied in the form of a curve (as shown in Figure 5), or can be embodied in the form of a table.
  • the test charging current of the battery cell is adjusted according to the monitored lithium evolution state of the negative electrode of the battery cell, and the corresponding test charging state is recorded. This is because during the charging process, lithium ions are continuously inserted from the positive electrode to the negative electrode of the battery, but once the lithium ion insertion rate on the surface of the negative electrode exceeds the capacity of the negative electrode, the lithium ions will remain on the surface of the negative electrode and cannot be inserted into the negative electrode. As the charging progresses, the potential on the negative electrode surface of the battery cell will continue to decrease. When the potential reaches the potential generated by the lithium metal, a lithium metal element will be generated, and the generated lithium metal element will threaten the safety of the battery.
  • the charging current is guided by the online monitoring of the lithium evolution state of the negative electrode of the battery cell on the electronic device.
  • this method is subject to the influence of the space and other internal components of the electronic device, and the detected negative electrode precipitation
  • the accuracy and stability of the lithium state are both poor and cannot effectively guide the charging current.
  • the test charging current is adjusted online according to the lithium evolution state of the negative electrode of the battery in the laboratory, which can have sufficient resources to ensure the accuracy and stability of the detection of the lithium evolution state of the negative electrode of the battery, so it is effective and accurate.
  • the charging current is adjusted and tested online to obtain a better correspondence between the prestored state of charge and the charging current.
  • the correspondence between the better prestored state of charge and the charging current reflects the fact that the battery charging safety, And under the premise of preventing the occurrence of lithium precipitation in the negative electrode, the corresponding relationship between the state of charge and the charging current, so according to the corresponding relationship to guide the subsequent charging process, it can realize the safety of battery charging, prevent the occurrence of lithium precipitation in the negative electrode, and ensure the use of the battery The purpose of security.
  • the charging current is guided by the lithium evolution state of the negative electrode of the battery cell.
  • the corresponding relationship between the pre-stored charging state and the charging current is determined by the following steps:
  • Step S30 in the charging test process, obtain the lithium evolution state of the negative electrode of the battery cell every second preset time period
  • Step S31 within each second preset time period, adjust the test charging current of the battery cell according to the lithium evolution state of the negative electrode of the battery cell, and record the battery test charging state corresponding to the test charging current;
  • step S32 the corresponding relationship between the test charging current and the test charging state of the battery cell is generated and saved.
  • the lithium state is adjusted to obtain the best test charging current corresponding to the test charging state of the battery under the premise of ensuring the safety of the negative electrode of the battery cell.
  • the second duration can be 0.5 seconds, 1 second, 2 seconds, etc.
  • the test charging current is less than or equal to the rated charging current of the battery cell.
  • the battery capacity is 3000mAh and the rated rate is 1.5C, that is, the rated charging current is 4500mA.
  • the battery can be charged with a constant current at 4000mA in the first second preset time period. In this way, when the performance of the battery is unknown, starting to charge the battery cell with a larger rated charging current may cause some safety problems.
  • the lithium evolution state of the battery can be roughly divided into three types, namely lithium precipitation, un-depleted lithium, and lithium critical state. Therefore, according to these three lithium evolution states, the test charging current can have different adjustment schemes accordingly. details as follows:
  • adjusting the test charging current of the battery cell includes:
  • the amplitude of the test charging current increase may be the first preset test charging current amplitude.
  • the first preset amplitude may be 100mA.
  • the increase in the test charging current is correspondingly different depending on the degree of undepleted lithium.
  • the greater the degree of undepleted lithium the larger the increase in test charging current. Close to the critical state of lithium evolution, the increase in test charge current gradually decreases.
  • adjusting the test charging current of the battery cell includes:
  • the amplitude of the test charging current reduction is the second preset test charging current amplitude.
  • the second preset amplitude may be greater than or equal to the first preset amplitude to ensure that the charging current can be quickly reduced when lithium evolution occurs at the negative electrode of the battery cell to prevent the degree of lithium evolution from further aggravating, so as to ensure the safety of the battery cell.
  • the second preset amplitude may be 100 mA.
  • the test charge current decreases accordingly.
  • the greater the degree of lithium evolution the greater the decrease of the test charge current.
  • the decrease of the test charging current is gradually reduced to avoid the test charging current from falling too much, which will affect the charging speed.
  • adjusting the test charging current of the battery cell includes:
  • the battery cell's lithium-depletion state is detected every second. In the first second, charge the cell with a constant current of 4000mA. At the beginning of the second second, if no lithium evolution occurs, the cell will be charged with an increase of 100mA, that is, the cell will be charged with a constant current of 4100mA in the second second. At the beginning of the third second, the detection did not occur in the state of lithium evolution, and continue to increase by 100mA, that is, to charge the battery cell with a constant current of 4200mA in the third second; at the beginning of the fourth second, the detection of a critical state of lithium evolution occurred.
  • the test charging current of the battery is adjusted according to the monitored lithium evolution state of the negative electrode of the battery. Monitoring is to maximize the charging current under the premise of ensuring the safety of battery charging, and at the same time can prevent or reduce the phenomenon of lithium evolution in the negative electrode of the battery. Therefore, this embodiment can take into account the safety performance of the battery cell and the charging speed.
  • the corresponding relationship between the pre-stored charging state and the charging current in this embodiment is measured online in the laboratory, and there are sufficient resources to ensure that the negative electrode of the battery cell Analyze the detection accuracy and stability of the lithium state to obtain a better correspondence between the pre-stored charging state and the charging current. According to the correspondence to guide the subsequent charging process, it can achieve both the safety of battery charging and the prevention of negative electrode analysis.
  • this embodiment can reliably realize fast charging of the battery while ensuring the charging safety of the battery.
  • this embodiment further considers that the battery cell will age with the increase of the number of charging, resulting in the original pre-stored charging state and the corresponding relationship between the charging current can not be a good guide to the charging of the battery cell whose performance has changed . Therefore, in this embodiment, the following steps are performed at least once before the step of charging the battery cell with the charging current corresponding to the charging state according to the corresponding relationship between the pre-stored charging state and the charging current:
  • the steps to charge the battery cell with the charging current corresponding to the charging state are as follows:
  • the battery cell is charged with the charging current corresponding to the state of charge.
  • the corresponding relationship between the test charging state and the test charging current is tested accordingly. Specifically, the following steps are performed at least once before the step of obtaining the lithium evolution state of the negative electrode of the battery cell every second preset period of time:
  • the corresponding relationship between the test charging current and the battery test charging state is generated, and the corresponding relationship between the number of battery charges and the test charging current and the battery test charging state relationship.
  • the corresponding relationship between the test charging state and the test charging current measured for the first time, the 300th time, and the 600th time is generated and saved, and the corresponding relationship is associated with the number of charging times.
  • the dotted line is the corresponding relationship curve between the test charging state and the test charging current measured for 300 times of charging
  • the solid line is the relationship between the test charging state and the test charging current measured for the first time.
  • Correspondence curve It can be seen that as the number of battery charging increases, the performance of the battery cell changes. The corresponding relationship curve between the test charge state and the test charge current measured in the 300th time and the first time is different.
  • the number of times the battery has been charged is recorded. Specifically, at the beginning of each charge, the number of times that the battery has been charged can be obtained first, and the number of times that the battery has been charged can be increased by 1 as the current number of times the battery has been charged. Then, according to the current number of times the battery has been charged, the corresponding relationship between the adapted pre-stored charging state and the charging current is called.
  • the corresponding relationship between the test charging state and the test charging current measured in the laboratory phase is called at this time; when the battery has been charged 360 times, At this time, call the corresponding relationship between the test charge state measured at the 300th time in the laboratory phase and the test charge current; when the battery has been charged for 700 times, call the test measured at the 600th time in the laboratory phase at this time Correspondence between charging state and test charging current.
  • the number of times the battery has been charged can be used in the laboratory phase. Intensive testing of the relationship between the test charge state and the test charge current. Specifically, in the charging test process, the following steps are performed at least once before the step of obtaining the lithium evolution state of the negative electrode of the battery cell every second interval of a preset period of time:
  • the corresponding relationship between the generated test charging current and the battery test charging state includes:
  • the battery cell will age as the number of charging increases, and the corresponding relationship between the original pre-stored charging state and the charging current may not be able to guide the charging of the battery cell whose performance has changed. Therefore, in the laboratory stage, the corresponding relationship between the number of times the battery has been charged and the test charge current and the test charge state of the battery are saved in the laboratory stage, so that in the user's use stage, the adaptive pre-stored charge can be called according to the number of times the battery has been charged. The corresponding relationship between the state and the charging current to ensure the rapid charging of the battery cell and the effect of charging safety.
  • the difference between the voltage of the reference electrode 141 and the negative electrode voltage of the cell is greater than the first preset voltage difference, lithium evolution has occurred at the negative electrode of the corresponding cell; when the difference between the voltage of the reference electrode 141 and the negative electrode voltage of the cell is less than When the first preset voltage difference, the corresponding battery negative electrode does not undergo lithium evolution; when the difference between the voltage of the reference electrode 141 and the battery negative electrode voltage is equal to the first preset voltage difference, the corresponding battery negative electrode is lithium evolution Critical state.
  • the reference electrode 141 may be a metal lithium electrode, a lithium-plated copper wire electrode (the copper wire may be built in and then plated with lithium), a lithium metal alloy electrode, a lithium titanate electrode, and the like.
  • the first preset voltage difference may be 0V. Considering the polarization of the cell, the first preset voltage difference may also be higher, for example, 10mV. Generally speaking, the first preset voltage difference is 0V-20mV.
  • Detecting the lithium evolution state of the negative electrode by disassembling the battery cell requires high environmental requirements, and at the same time, it is impossible to control the charging current of the battery cell online in real time.
  • To judge the lithium evolution state of the negative electrode through the change of the standing voltage at the end of charging only the lithium evolution state corresponding to a certain voltage point can be judged. Judging by the value of dQ/dV (the ratio of the rate of change of power to voltage) whether the negative electrode’s lithium evolution state cannot rule out the aging of the battery, and even a misjudgment may occur.
  • the scheme of judging the lithium evolution state of the negative electrode by model calculation the calculation of the model will be very complicated, and the feedback will be untimely. In addition, the error size of the model calculation cannot be guaranteed.
  • the technical solution of this embodiment adopts the preparation of a three-electrode battery, and monitors the difference between the voltage of the reference electrode 141 and the negative electrode voltage of the battery cell in the laboratory stage to determine the lithium evolution state of the negative electrode of the battery cell, and according to the feedback of the battery
  • the state of lithium evolution of the negative electrode of the cell real-time online adjustment of the charging current of the battery cell, to reduce the occurrence of lithium evolution from the negative electrode of the battery cell, and maximize the charging current under the premise of ensuring the charging safety of the battery to ensure the charging speed .
  • the present disclosure also proposes a charging control device 50, including: an obtaining unit 51 for obtaining the charging state of the battery cell, wherein the charging state is the battery cell voltage or the state of charge of the battery cell; and an adjusting unit 52, It is used to charge the battery cell with the charging current corresponding to the state of charge according to the corresponding relationship between the pre-stored state of charge and the charging current; among them, the corresponding relationship between the pre-stored state of charge and the charging current is based on the monitored lithium-ejection of the negative electrode of the cell
  • the state adjusts the test charging current of the battery cell, and records the corresponding test charging state to generate the corresponding relationship between the test charging state and the test charging current.
  • the obtaining unit 51 is configured to obtain the charging state of the battery cell every first preset period of time;
  • the adjusting unit 52 is configured to charge the battery cell with the charging current corresponding to the charging state of the battery cell acquired last time according to the corresponding relationship between the prestored charging state and the charging current within each first preset time period.
  • the obtaining unit 51 is also used to obtain the stored number of times the battery has been charged, and update the stored number of times the battery has been charged;
  • the matching unit determines the corresponding relationship between the first pre-stored charging state and the charging current that is adapted to the number of times the battery has been charged from the plurality of pre-stored correspondences between the charging states and the charging currents;
  • the electronic device proposed in the present disclosure includes a battery cell, a charging circuit, a storage unit, and a processing unit; the storage unit is used to store the charging control program; the processing unit is used to run the charging control program, and when the charging control program is executed, the above-mentioned charging control is run Method to control the charging circuit to charge the battery cell.
  • the electronic device is represented in the form of a general-purpose computing device.
  • the components of the electronic device may include, but are not limited to: the aforementioned at least one processing unit 42, the aforementioned at least one storage unit 41, and a bus 43 connecting different system components (including the storage unit 420 and the processing unit 410), wherein the storage unit 41 stores a program Code, program code may be executed by the processing unit 42 so that the processing unit 42 executes the steps according to various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure described in the above-mentioned embodiment section of this specification.
  • the storage unit 41 may include a readable medium in the form of a volatile storage unit, such as a random access storage unit (RAM) 411 and/or a cache storage unit 412, and may further include a read-only storage unit (ROM) 413.
  • RAM random access storage unit
  • ROM read-only storage unit
  • the storage unit 41 may also include a program/utility tool 414 having a set (at least one) program module 415.
  • program module 415 includes but is not limited to: an operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules, and program data. Each of these examples or some combination may include the implementation of a network environment.
  • the bus 43 may represent one or more of several types of bus structures, including a storage unit bus or a storage unit controller, a peripheral bus, a graphics acceleration port, a processing unit, or a local area using any bus structure among multiple bus structures. bus.
  • the electronic device 4 may also communicate with one or more external devices 50 (such as keyboards, pointing devices, Bluetooth devices, etc.), and may also communicate with one or more devices that enable the user to interact with the electronic device 4, and/or communicate with Any device (such as a router, a modem, a display unit 44, etc.) that enables the electronic device 4 of the robot to communicate with one or more other computing devices. This communication can be performed through an input/output (I/O) interface 45.
  • the electronic device 4 of the robot may also communicate with one or more networks (for example, a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), and/or a public network, such as the Internet) through the network adapter 46. As shown in FIG.
  • the network adapter 46 communicates with other modules of the electronic device 4 of the robot through the bus 43. It should be understood that although not shown in FIG. 7, other hardware and/or software modules can be used in conjunction with the electronic device 4 of the robot, including but not limited to: microcode, device drivers, redundant processing units, external disk drive arrays, RAID systems , Tape drives and data backup storage systems.
  • the example embodiments described here can be implemented by software, or can be implemented by combining software with necessary hardware. Therefore, the technical solution according to the embodiments of the present disclosure can be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a non-volatile storage medium (which can be a CD-ROM, U disk, mobile hard disk, etc.) or on the network , Including several instructions to make a computing device (which may be a personal computer, a server, a terminal device, or a network device, etc.) execute the method according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • a computing device which may be a personal computer, a server, a terminal device, or a network device, etc.
  • a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, on which a program product capable of implementing the above method of this specification is stored.
  • various aspects of the present disclosure can also be implemented in the form of a program product, which includes program code.
  • the program product runs on a terminal device, the program code is used to make the terminal device execute the above-mentioned instructions in this specification. The steps according to various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are described in the example section.
  • the present disclosure also proposes a charging test system, which is used to perform a charging test on the battery cell in the laboratory stage to generate the aforementioned pre-stored corresponding relationship between the charging state and the charging current.
  • the battery cell has a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a reference electrode 141
  • the charging test system includes a voltage detecting device 62 and a charging device 61.
  • the voltage detection device 62 has two input terminals and an output terminal.
  • the two input terminals of the voltage detection device 62 are respectively connected to the negative electrode of the power supply core and the reference electrode 141, and the potential of the reference electrode 141 is the ground potential of the voltage detection device 62,
  • the output end of the voltage detection device 62 is used to output the negative voltage of the battery cell;
  • the charging device 61 has a signal receiving end and a charging end, the signal receiving end is connected to the output end of the voltage detection device 62, and the charging end is connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery ,
  • the potential of the negative electrode voltage is the ground potential of the charging device 61; the charging device 61 adjusts the test charging current to the cell according to the negative voltage detected by the voltage detecting device 62.
  • the positive electrode of the battery is also connected to the voltage detection device 62.
  • the ground potentials of the voltage detection device 62 and the charging device 61 are different, specifically, the ground potential of the voltage detection device 62 is the negative electrode potential of the reference electrode 141, and the ground potential of the charging device 61 is the negative electrode potential of the cell. Therefore, the voltage signal output by the voltage detection device 62 to the charging device 61 is the difference between the negative electrode potential of the cell and the reference potential.
  • the voltage value obtained by the charging device 61 when the voltage value obtained by the charging device 61 is 0, it means that the difference between the negative electrode potential of the battery cell and the reference potential is 0V, and the negative electrode of the battery cell is in the critical state of lithium evolution; when the charging device 61 When the obtained voltage value is greater than 0V, it means that the difference between the negative electrode potential of the battery cell and the reference potential is greater than 0. At this time, the negative electrode of the battery cell is in the state of undepleted lithium; when the voltage value obtained by the charging device 61 is less than 0, that is, Indicates that the difference between the negative electrode potential of the cell and the reference potential is less than 0V, and the negative electrode of the cell is in the state of lithium evolution.
  • the signal receiving end of the charging device 61 and the output end of the voltage detecting device 62 are communicatively connected through an I 2 C bus or a system management bus.
  • the voltage detection device 62 includes a sampling circuit and an analog-to-digital conversion circuit that are connected to each other.
  • the sampling circuit is used to collect the negative voltage of the cell and transmit it to the analog-to-digital conversion circuit.
  • the charging device 61; the ground terminal of the sampling circuit and the ground terminal of the analog-to-digital conversion circuit are both connected to the reference electrode 141.
  • the sampling circuit can be built with a sampling resistor and a reference power supply.
  • the analog-to-digital conversion circuit may be an analog-to-digital conversion chip.
  • the voltage detection device 62 includes a sampling circuit and a controller, the sampling circuit is used to collect the negative voltage of the battery cell and transmit it to the controller, and the controller transmits the digital signal corresponding to the negative voltage to the charging device 61;
  • the ground terminal of the sampling circuit and the ground terminal of the controller are both connected to the reference electrode 141.
  • the controller can be a control chip with digital logic processing functions such as MCU and CPU.
  • the charging device 61 has a built-in charging circuit, a memory, and a controller; the memory stores a charging test program; the processor runs the charging control program, and the charging test method runs when the charging test program is executed.
  • the charging test system of the present disclosure communicates with the voltage detecting device 62 and the charging device 61 to feed back the lithium-depleted state of the negative electrode of the battery to the voltage detecting device 62, so that the voltage detecting device 62 adjusts the charging current to form a counter charging current Closed-loop control, so that the corresponding relationship between the test charging state and the test charging current generated by the test reflects the corresponding relationship between the charging state and the charging current under the premise of taking into account the safety of battery charging and preventing the occurrence of lithium precipitation in the negative electrode.
  • the corresponding relationship guides the subsequent charging process, and can achieve the purpose of taking into account the charging safety of the battery, preventing the occurrence of lithium evolution from the negative electrode, and ensuring the safety of the battery.
  • the present disclosure also proposes a charging test method, please refer to FIG. 10, the method includes:
  • Step S70 Obtain the negative electrode voltage of the battery cell and the reference electrode 141 every third preset period of time, and confirm the lithium evolution state of the battery cell according to the negative electrode voltage of the battery cell;
  • Step S71 within each third preset time period, adjust the test charging current of the battery cell according to the lithium evolution state of the negative electrode of the battery cell, and record the battery test charging state corresponding to the test charging current;
  • step S72 the corresponding relationship between the test charging current and the test charging state of the battery cell is generated.
  • the lithium state is adjusted to obtain the best test charging current corresponding to the test charging state of the battery under the premise of ensuring the safety of the negative electrode of the battery cell.
  • the second duration can be 0.5 seconds, 1 second, 2 seconds, etc.
  • the test charging current is less than or equal to the rated charging current of the battery cell.
  • the capacity of the battery cell is 3000mAh and the rated rate is 1.5C, that is, the rated charging current is 4500mA.
  • the battery cell can be charged with a constant current at 4000mA in the first third preset period of time. In this way, when the performance of the battery is unknown, starting to charge the battery cell with a larger rated charging current may cause some safety problems.
  • the lithium evolution state of the battery can be roughly divided into three types, namely lithium precipitation, un-depleted lithium, and lithium critical state. Therefore, according to these three lithium evolution states, the test charging current can have different adjustment schemes accordingly. details as follows:
  • adjusting the test charging current of the battery cell includes:
  • the amplitude of the test charging current increase may be the first preset test charging current amplitude.
  • the first preset amplitude may be 100mA.
  • the increase in the test charging current is correspondingly different depending on the degree of undepleted lithium.
  • the greater the degree of undepleted lithium the larger the increase in test charging current. Close to the critical state of lithium evolution, the increase in test charge current gradually decreases.
  • adjusting the test charging current of the battery cell includes:
  • the amplitude of the test charge current reduction is the third preset test charge current amplitude.
  • the third preset amplitude may be greater than or equal to the first preset amplitude to ensure that the charging current can be rapidly reduced when lithium evolution occurs at the negative electrode of the battery, to prevent the degree of lithium evolution from further aggravating, so as to ensure the safety of the battery.
  • the third preset amplitude may be 100 mA.
  • the test charge current decreases accordingly.
  • the greater the degree of lithium evolution the greater the decrease of the test charge current.
  • the decrease of the test charging current is gradually reduced to avoid the test charging current from falling too much, which will affect the charging speed.
  • Aiming at the critical state of lithium evolution, within each third preset time period, according to the lithium evolution state of the negative electrode of the battery cell, adjusting the test charging current of the battery cell includes:
  • the battery cell's lithium-depletion state is detected every second. In the first second, charge the cell with a constant current of 4000mA. At the beginning of the second second, if no lithium evolution occurs, the cell will be charged with an increase of 100mA, that is, the cell will be charged with a constant current of 4100mA in the second second. At the beginning of the third second, the detection did not occur in the state of lithium evolution, and continue to increase by 100mA, that is, to charge the battery cell with a constant current of 4200mA in the third second; at the beginning of the fourth second, the detection of a critical state of lithium evolution occurred.
  • the test charging current of the battery is adjusted according to the monitored lithium evolution state of the negative electrode of the battery. Monitoring is to maximize the charging current under the premise of ensuring the safety of battery charging, and at the same time can prevent or reduce the phenomenon of lithium evolution in the negative electrode of the battery. Therefore, this embodiment can take into account the safety performance of the battery cell and the charging speed.
  • the corresponding relationship between the pre-stored charging state and the charging current in this embodiment is measured online in the laboratory, and there are sufficient resources to ensure that the negative electrode of the battery cell Analyze the detection accuracy and stability of the lithium state to obtain a better correspondence between the pre-stored charging state and the charging current. According to the correspondence to guide the subsequent charging process, it can achieve both the safety of battery charging and the prevention of negative electrode analysis.
  • this embodiment can reliably realize fast charging of the battery while ensuring the charging safety of the battery.
  • the battery cell will age as the number of charging increases, and the corresponding relationship between the original pre-stored charging state and the charging current cannot be a good guide to the charging of the battery cell whose performance has changed. Therefore, in this embodiment, the following steps are performed at least once before the step of charging the battery cell with the charging current corresponding to the charging state according to the corresponding relationship between the pre-stored charging state and the charging current:
  • the steps to charge the battery cell with the charging current corresponding to the charging state are as follows:
  • the battery cell is charged with the charging current corresponding to the state of charge.
  • the corresponding relationship between the test charging state and the test charging current is tested accordingly. Specifically, the following steps are performed at least once before the step of obtaining the lithium evolution state of the negative electrode of the battery cell every third preset period of time:
  • the corresponding relationship between the test charging current and the battery test charging state is generated, and the corresponding relationship between the number of battery charges and the test charging current and the battery test charging state relationship.
  • the corresponding relationship between the test charging state and the test charging current measured for the first time, the 300th time, and the 600th time (of course not limited to this) is generated and saved, and the corresponding relationship is associated with the number of charging times. Please refer to the figure, it can be seen that with the increase of the battery charging times, the battery cell performance has changed. The corresponding relationship between the test charging state and the test charging current measured at the 300th time and the first time is different. .
  • the number of times the battery has been charged is recorded. Specifically, at the beginning of each charge, the number of times that the battery has been charged can be obtained first, and the number of times that the battery has been charged can be increased by 1 as the current number of times the battery has been charged. Then, according to the current number of times the battery has been charged, the corresponding relationship between the adapted pre-stored charging state and the charging current is called.
  • the corresponding relationship between the test charging state and the test charging current measured in the laboratory phase is called at this time; when the battery has been charged 360 times, At this time, call the corresponding relationship between the test charge state measured at the 300th time in the laboratory phase and the test charge current; when the battery has been charged for 700 times, call the test measured at the 600th time in the laboratory phase at this time Correspondence between charging state and test charging current.
  • the number of times the battery has been charged can be used in the laboratory phase. Intensive testing of the relationship between the test charge state and the test charge current. Specifically, during the charging test, the following steps are performed at least once before the step of obtaining the lithium-depleted state of the negative electrode of the battery every second interval:
  • the corresponding relationship between the generated test charging current and the battery test charging state includes:
  • the battery cell will age as the number of charging increases, and the corresponding relationship between the original pre-stored charging state and the charging current may not be able to guide the charging of the battery cell whose performance has changed. Therefore, in the laboratory stage, the corresponding relationship between the number of times the battery has been charged and the test charge current and the test charge state of the battery are saved in the laboratory stage, so that in the user's use stage, the adaptive pre-stored charge can be called according to the number of times the battery has been charged. The corresponding relationship between the state and the charging current to ensure the rapid charging of the battery cell and the effect of charging safety.
  • a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, on which a program product capable of implementing the above method of this specification is stored.
  • various aspects of the present disclosure can also be implemented in the form of a program product, which includes program code.
  • the program product runs on a terminal device, the program code is used to make the terminal device execute the above-mentioned instructions in this specification. The steps according to various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are described in the example section.

Abstract

本发明提供了一种充电控制方法及装置、充电测试方法及系统、电子设备。充电控制方法，包括：获取电芯的充电状态，根据预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系，以所述充电状态所对应的充电电流对所述电芯充电；所述预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系为根据所监测的所述电芯负极的析锂状态调整电芯的试验充电电流，并记录相应的试验充电状态，将生成的试验充电状态与试验充电电流的对应关系作为所述预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系。本发明实现了对电芯快速充电的同时，保证电芯的充电安全性。

Description

充电控制方法及装置、充电测试方法及系统、电子设备 技术领域
本发明涉及电子设备领域，特别涉及一种充电控制方法及装置、充电测试方法及系统、电子设备。
背景技术
目前普遍应用在锂电池上的充电方法是通过预设的恒定电流持续充电至某一电位后在此电位恒压充电的方式。这种充电方式会使阳极电位不断下降，从而造成锂离子在阳极表面还原成锂金属而析出。这时产生的锂枝晶会在电极表面进行积累，进而极大地威胁了电池的安全性能。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在对电芯快速充电的同时，保证电芯的充电安全性。
根据本公开的一个方面提出一种充电控制方法，包括：
获取电芯的充电状态，其中充电状态为电芯电压或电芯的荷电状态；
根据预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系，以所述充电状态所对应的充电电流对所述电芯充电；其中，所述预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系的获取方式为：根据监测的电芯负极的析锂状态调整电芯的试验充电电流，并记录相应的试验充电状态，将生成的试验充电状态与试验充电电流的对应关系作为所述预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系。
根据本公开的另一个方面提出一种充电控制装置，包括：
获取单元，用于获取电芯的充电状态，其中充电状态为电芯电压或电芯的荷电状态；
调整单元，用于据预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系，以所述充电状态所对应的充电电流对所述电芯充电；
其中，所述预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系的获取方式为：根据监测的电芯负极的析锂状态调整电芯的试验充电电流，并记录相应的试验充电状态，将生成的试验充电状态与试验充电电流的对应关系作为所述预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系。
根据本公开的另一个方面提出一种电子设备，包括电芯、充电电路、存储单元、处理单元；
所述存储单元用于存储充电控制程序；
所述处理单元，用于运行充电控制程序，所述充电控制程序被执行时，运行所述的充电控制方法，以控制所述充电电路对所述电芯充电。
根据本公开的另一方面提出一种充电测试系统，所述充电测试系统用于对电芯进行充电测试，所述电芯具有正极、负极以及参比电极，所述充电测试系统包括：
电压检测装置，具有两个输入端和输出端，所述电压检测装置的两个所述输入端分别供所述电芯的负极和所述参比电极连接，且所述参比电极的电位为所述电压检测装置的接地电位，所述电压检测装置的输出端用于输出所述电芯的负极电压；
充电装置，具有信号接收端以及充电端，所述信号接收端与所述电压检测装置的输出端连接，所述充电端与所述电芯的正极、负极连接，且所述负极电压的电位为所述充电装置的接地电位；所述充电装置根据所述电压检测装置检测的负极电压调节对所述电芯的试验充电电流。
根据本公开的另一个方面提出一种充电测试方法，所述方法包括：
每隔第三预设时长获取电芯的负极电压与参比电极，并根据所述电芯的负极电压确认所述电芯的析锂状态；
在每个所述第三预设时长内，根据所述电芯负极的析锂状态，调整所述电芯的试验充电电流，并记录所述试验充电电流所对应的电芯试验充电状态；
生成试验充电电流与电芯试验充电状态的对应关系。
根据本公开的另一个方面提出一种可读存储介质，包括：
存储器，存储充电控制程序；
处理器，运行充电控制程序，所述充电控制程序被执行时，运行所述的充电控制方法。
根据本公开的另一个方面提出一种可读存储介质包括：
存储器，存储充电测试程序；
处理器，运行充电控制程序，所述充电控制程序被执行时，运行所述的充电测试方法。
本实施例方案中在测试预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系的过程中，是根据所监测的电芯负极的析锂状态调整电芯的试验充电电流，通过对 电芯负极析锂状态的监测，以在保证电芯充电安全性的前提下，使充电电流最大化，同时能够预防或减少电池负极的析锂现象。因此本实施例能够兼顾电芯的安全性能与充电速度。
附图说明
图1是本公开电子设备一实施例的结构示意图；
图2是本公开电子设备一实施例的电路结构框图；
图3是本公开充电控制方法一实施例的流程图；
图4是测试预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系的测试流程图；
图5是预存的充电电压与充电电流对应关系的曲线示意图；
图6是对应于两种不同的充电次数，预存的充电电压与充电电流对应关系的曲线示意图；
图7是本公开电子设备的系统架构图；
图8是本公开充电控制装置的结构框图；
图9是本公开充电测试系统的结构示意图；
图10是本公开充电测试方法一实施例的流程图。
具体实施方式
现在将参考附图更全面地描述示例实施方式。然而，示例实施方式能够以多种形式实施，且不应被理解为限于在此阐述的范例；相反，提供这些实施方式使得本公开将更加全面和完整，并将示例实施方式的构思全面地传达给本领域的技术人员。附图仅为本公开的示意性图解，并非一定是按比例绘制。图中相同的附图标记表示相同或类似的部分，因而将省略对它们的重复描述。
此外，所描述的特征、结构或特性可以以任何合适的方式结合在一个或更多实施方式中。在下面的描述中，提供许多具体细节从而给出对本公开的实施方式的充分理解。然而，本领域技术人员将意识到，可以实践本公开的技术方案而省略所述特定细节中的一个或更多，或者可以采用其它的方法、组元、装置、步骤等。在其它情况下，不详细示出或描述公知结构、方法、装置、实现或者操作以避免喧宾夺主而使得本公开的各方面变得模糊。
在本公开中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“相连”、“连接”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是是电连接，也可以是互相通讯；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本公开中的具体含义。
此外，在本公开的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。“和/或”，描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示单独存在A、单独存在B及同时存在A和B三种情况。符号“/”一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。
本公开提出一种电子设备，该电子设备可以是智能终端或通信终端。该终端或通信终端包括但不限于被设置成经由有线线路连接，如经由公共交换电话网络(public switched telephonenetwork，PSTN)、数字用户线路(digital subscriber line，DSL)、数字电缆、直接电缆连接，以及/或另一数据连接/网络和/或经由例如，针对蜂窝网络、无线局域网(wireless local area network，WLAN)、诸如手持数字视频广播digital video broadcasting handheld，DVB-H)网络的数字电视网络、卫星网络、调幅-调频(amplitude modulation-frequency modulation，AM-FM)广播发送器，以及/或另一通信终端的无线接口接收/发送通信信号的装置。被设置成通过无线接口通信的通信终端可以被称为“无线通信终端”、“无线终端”以及/或“智能终端”。智能终端的示例包括，但不限于卫星或蜂窝电话；可以组合蜂窝无线电电话与数据处理、传真以及数据通信能力的个人通信系统(personal communication system，PCS)终端；可以包括无线电电话、寻呼机、因特网/内联网接入、Web浏览器、记事簿、日历以及/或全球定位系统(global positioning system GPS)接收器的个人数字助理(Personal Digital Assistant，PDA)；以及常规膝上型和/或掌上型接收器或包括无线电电话收发器的其它电子设备。此外，该终端还可以包括但不限于诸如电子书阅读器、智能穿戴设备、移动 电源(如充电宝、旅充)、电子烟、无线鼠标、无线键盘、无线耳机、蓝牙音箱等具有充电功能的可充电电子设备。在以下实施例中，以电子设备为手机进行说明。
下面描述一下相关技术中为电子设备充电的相关适配器。
相关技术中，适配器可以以恒压模式工作，其输出的电压基本维持恒定，比如5V、9V、12V或20V等。输出的电流可以为脉动直流电流(方向不变、幅值大小随时间变化)、交流电流(方向和幅值大小均随时间变化)或恒定直流电流(方向和幅值均不随时间变化)。相关适配器输出的电压并不适合直接加载到电池的两端，而是需要先经过电子设备内的变换电路进行变换，以得到电子设备内的电池所预期的充电电压和/或充电电流。
适配器还可以采用电压跟随的方式工作。即适配器和待充电的电子设备进行双向通信，适配器根据电子设备反馈所需的充电电压和充电电流，从而调整自身输出的电压和电流，使得输出的电压和电流可以直接加载到电子设备的电池上，为电池充电，电子设备无需再次再调整充电电压和充电电流。
变换电路可在不同的充电阶段控制电池的充电电压和/或充电电流。例如，在恒流充电阶段，变换电路可以利用电流反馈环使得进入到电池的电流大小满足电池所预期的第一充电电流的大小。在恒压充电阶段，变换电路可以利用电压反馈环使得加载到电池两端的电压的大小满足电池所预期的充电电压的大小。在涓流充电阶段，变换电路可以利用电流反馈环使得进入到电池的电流大小满足电池所预期的第二充电电流的大小(第二充电电流小于第一充电电流)。
比如，当相关适配器输出的电压大于电池所预期的充电电压时，变换电路用于对相关适配器输出的电压进行降压变换处理，以使经降压转换后得到的充电电压的大小满足电池所预期的充电电压的大小。
对电子设备的电池的充电模式大致有“普通充电模式”、“快速充电模式”。普通充电模式是指适配器输出相对较小的电流值(通常小于2.5A)或者以相对较小的功率(通常小于15W)来对待充电设备中的电池进行充电。在普通充电模式下想要完全充满一较大容量电池(如3000毫安时容量的电池)，通常需要花费数个小时的时间。快速充电模式则是指适配器能够输出相对较大的电流(通常大于2.5A，比如4.5A，5A甚至更高)或者以相对较 大的功率(通常大于等于15W)来对待充电设备中的电池进行充电。相较于普通充电模式而言，适配器在快速充电模式下的充电速度更快，完全充满相同容量电池所需要的充电时间能够明显缩短。
下面分别对相关技术中的无线充电系统与有线充电系统进行介绍。
无线充电过程中，一般将电源提供装置(如适配器)与无线充电装置(如无线充电底座)相连，并通过该无线充电装置将电源提供装置的输出功率以无线的方式(如电磁信号或电磁波)传输至电子设备，对电子设备进行无线充电。
按照无线充电原理不同，无线充电方式主要分为磁耦合(或电磁感应)、磁共振以及无线电波三种方式。目前，主流的无线充电标准包括QI标准、电源实物联盟(Power Matters Alliance,PMA)标准、无线电源联盟(Alliance for Wireless Power,A4WP)。QI标准和PMA标准均采用磁耦合方式进行无线充电。A4WP标准采用磁共振方式进行无线充电。
有线充电过程中，一般将电源提供装置(如适配器)通过线缆与电子设备相连，通过电缆将电源提供装置提供的电能传输至电子设备，以为电子设备充电。
下面描述一下目前主流的恒流恒压(CCCV)充电方式，该充电方式适用于有线充电和无线充电。
电池的充电过程可以包括：涓流充电阶段(或模式)、恒流充电阶段(或模式)、恒压充电阶段(或模式)及补充充电阶段(或模式)。
在涓流充电阶段，先对完全放电的电池进行预充电(即恢复性充电)，涓流充电电流通常是恒流充电电流的十分之一，当电池电压上升到涓流充电电压阈值以上时，提高充电电流进入恒流充电阶段。
在恒流充电阶段，以恒定电流对电池进行充电，充电电压快速上升，当充电电压达到电池所预期的充电电压阈值时转入恒压充电阶段。该恒定电流常用的是一额定的充电倍率电流，如大倍率3C电流，其中C为电池容量。假设电池容量为1700mAh，则该恒定电流为3*1700mA＝5.1A。
在恒压充电阶段，以恒定电压对电池进行充电，充电电流逐渐减小，当充电电流降低至设定的电流阈值时，电池被充满电。在CCCV充电方式中， 该电流阈值通常被设定为0.01C，其中C为电池容量。仍假设电池容量为1700mAh，则该电流阈值为0.01*1700mA＝17mA。
电池被充满电后，由于电池自放电的影响，会产生部分电流损耗，此时转入补充充电阶段。在补充充电阶段，充电电流很小，仅仅为了保证电池在满电量状态。
需要说明的是恒流充电阶段并非要求充电电流保持完全恒定不变，例如可以是泛指充电电流的峰值或均值在一段时间内保持不变。实际中，恒流充电阶段可以采用分段恒流充电(Multi-stage constant current charging)的方式进行充电。
分段恒流充电可具有M个恒流阶段(M为一个不小于2的整数)，分段恒流充电以预定的充电电流开始第一阶段充电，分段恒流充电的M个恒流阶段从第一阶段到第M个阶段依次被执行，当恒流阶段中的前一个恒流阶段转到下一个恒流阶段后，电流大小可变小；当电池电压达到充电终止电压阈值时，恒流阶段中的前一个恒流阶段会转到下一个恒流阶段。相邻两个恒流阶段之间的电流转换过程可以是渐变的，也可以是台阶式的跳跃变化。
对于包含单个电芯的电子设备，当使用较大的充电电流为单节电芯充电时，电子设备的发热现象比较严重。为了保证电子设备的充电速度，并缓解电子设备在充电过程中的发热现象，可对电池结构进行改造，使用相互串联的多节电芯，并对该多节电芯进行直充，即直接将适配器输出的电压加载到包含多节电芯的电池单元的两端。与单电芯方案相比(即认为改进前的单电芯的容量与改进后串联多节电芯的总容量相同)，如果要达到相同的充电速度，多节电芯所需的充电电流约为单节电芯所需的充电电流的1/N(N为串联的电芯的数目)，换句话说，在保证同等充电速度的前提下，多节电芯串联可以大幅降低充电电流的大小，从而进一步减小电子设备在充电过程中的发热量。
请参阅图1和图2。电子设备可以包括后壳11、显示屏12、电路板、电池。需要说明的是，电子设备并不限于包括以上内容。其中，后壳11可以形成电子设备的外部轮廓。在一些实施例中，后壳11可以为金属后壳，比如镁合金、不锈钢等金属。需要说明的是，本申请实施例后壳11的材料并不限于此，还可以采用其它方式，比如：后壳11可以为塑胶后壳、陶瓷后壳、玻璃 后壳等。
其中，显示屏12安装在后壳11中。显示屏12电连接至电路板上，以形成电子设备的显示面。在一些实施例中，电子设备的显示面可以设置非显示区域，比如：电子设备的顶端或/和底端可以形成非显示区域，即电子设备在显示屏12的上部或/和下部形成非显示区域，电子设备可以在非显示区域安装摄像头、受话器等器件。需要说明的是，电子设备的显示面也可以不设置非显示区域，即显示屏12可以为全面屏。可以将显示屏铺设在电子设备的整个显示面，以使得显示屏可以在电子设备的显示面进行全屏显示。
其中，显示屏12可以为液晶显示器，有机发光二极管显示器，电子墨水显示器，等离子显示器，使用其它显示技术的显示器中一种或者几种的组合。显示屏12可以包括触摸传感器阵列(即，显示屏12可以是触控显示屏)。触摸传感器可以是由透明的触摸传感器电极(例如氧化铟锡(ITO)电极)阵列形成的电容式触摸传感器，或者可以是使用其它触摸技术形成的触摸传感器，例如音波触控，压敏触摸，电阻触摸，光学触摸等，本申请实施例不作限制。
需要说明的是，在一些实施例中，可以在显示屏12上盖设一盖板，盖板可以覆盖在显示屏12上，对显示屏12进行保护。盖板可以为透明玻璃盖板，以便显示屏12透过盖板进行显示。在一些实施例中，盖板可以是用诸如蓝宝石等材料制成的玻璃盖板。在一些实施例中，显示屏12安装在后壳11上后，后壳11和显示屏12之间形成收纳空间，收纳空间可以收纳电子设备的器件，比如电路板、电池等。其中，电路板安装在后壳11中，电路板可以为电子设备的主板，电路板上可以集成有马达、麦克风、扬声器、耳机接口、通用串行总线接口、摄像头、距离传感器、环境光传感器、受话器以及处理单元等功能器件中的一个、两个或多个。
在一些实施例中，电路板可以固定在后壳11内。具体的，电路板可以通过螺钉螺接到后壳11上，也可以采用卡扣的方式卡配到后壳11上。需要说明的是，本申请实施例电路板具体固定到后壳11上的方式并不限于此，还可以其它方式，比如通过卡扣和螺钉共同固定的方式。其中，电池安装在后壳11中，电池11与电路板进行电连接，以向电子设备提供电源。后壳11可以作为电池的电池盖。后壳11覆盖电池以保护电池，减少电池由于电子设备的碰撞、跌落等而受到的损坏。
请参阅图2，图2为本申请实施例提供的电子设备的结构框图。电子设备可以包括存储和处理电路131，存储和处理电路131可以集成在电路板上。存储和处理电路131可以包括存储单元，例如硬盘驱动存储单元，非易失性存储单元(例如闪存或用于形成固态驱动器的其它电子可编程只读存储单元等)，易失性存储单元(例如静态或动态随机存取存储单元等)等，本申请实施例不作限制。存储和处理电路131中的处理电路可以用于控制电子设备的运转。处理电路可以基于一个或多个微处理单元，微控制器，数字信号处理单元，基带处理单元，功率管理单元，音频编解码器芯片，专用集成电路，显示驱动器集成电路等来实现。
存储和处理电路131可用于运行电子设备中的软件，例如互联网浏览应用程序，互联网协议语音(Voice over Internet Protocol，VOIP)电话呼叫应用程序，电子邮件应用程序，媒体播放应用程序，操作系统功能等。
电子设备可以包括输入-输出电路132，输入-输出电路132可以设置在电路板上。输入-输出电路132可用于使电子设备实现数据的输入和输出，即允许电子设备从外部设备接收数据和也允许电子设备将数据从电子设备输出至外部设备。输入-输出电路132可以进一步包括传感器1321。传感器1321可以包括环境光传感器，基于光和电容的接近传感器，触摸传感器(例如，基于光触摸传感器和/或电容式触摸传感器，其中，触摸传感器可以是触控显示屏的一部分，也可以作为一个触摸传感器结构独立使用)，加速度传感器，温度传感器，和其它传感器等。
电子设备可以包括电力管理电路和其它输入-输出单元1322。输入-输出单元可以包括按钮，操纵杆，点击轮，滚动轮，触摸板，小键盘，键盘，照相机，发光二极管和其它状态指示器等。
用户可以通过输入-输出电路132输入命令来控制电子设备的操作，并且可以使用输入-输出电路132的输出数据以实现接收来自电子设备的状态信息和其它输出。
电子设备还包括充电电路133。充电电路133可以为电子设备的电芯14充电。充电电路133可以用于进一步的调节自适配器输入的充电电压和/或充电电流，以满足电池的充电需求。
电子设备配置有充电接口，充电接口123例如可以为USB 2.0接口、Micro  USB接口或USB TYPE-C接口。在一些实施例中，充电接口还可以为lightning接口，或者其他任意类型的能够用于充电的并口或串口。该充电接口400通过数据线与适配器连接，适配器从市电获取电能，经过电压变换后，通过数据线传、充电接口400传输至充电电路，因此电能通过充电电路得以充入待充电电芯中。
下述为本公开方法实施例，对应于本公开方法实施例中未披露的细节，请参照本公开装置实施例。下述实施例中的电池为锂离子电池。
图3是根据一示例性实施方式示出的一种充电控制方法的流程图。本公开充电控制方法包括：
步骤S20，获取电芯的充电状态，其中充电状态为电芯电压或电芯的荷电状态；
步骤S21，根据预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系，以充电状态所对应的充电电流对电芯充电；其中，预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系的获取方式为：根据监测的电芯负极的析锂状态调整电芯的试验充电电流，并记录相应的试验充电状态，将生成的试验充电状态与试验充电电流的对应关系作为预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系。
在用户使用阶段的充电过程中，可以等时间间隔对充电状态进行检测，也可以随机对充电状态进行检测。具体的，本实施例中获取电芯的充电状态的步骤包括：
每隔第一预设时长获取电芯的充电状态；
根据预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系，以充电状态所对应的充电电流对电芯充电包括：
在每个第一预设时长内，根据预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系，以最近一次所获取的电芯的充电状态所对应的充电电流对电芯充电。
第一预设时长在此不做限定，其可以是1秒，也可以是5秒。具体可以根据对电芯充电的充电电路的工作频率以及实际需要来确定。
在此以第一预设时长为1秒为例说明，在充电开始时第一个1秒的开始时刻，获取电芯的当前充电状态，根据预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系，此时当前的充电状态对应的充电电流为4000mA，则在1秒内以4000mA 对电芯恒流充电。在第二个1秒开始时刻，再次获取电芯的当前充电状态，而此时当前的充电状态所对应的充电电流为4100mA，则在第二个1秒内以4100mA对电芯恒流充电，在第三个1秒开始时刻……，如此，在整个充电过程，以这样的方式对电芯充电，直至达到电芯的充电截止电压。
电芯在充电过程中，电芯的电压会随着充电的进行而升高，电芯的荷电状态(剩余容量与其完全充电状态的容量的比值，SOC)也会逐渐升高。本实施例中，充电状态可以是电芯电压，也可以是电芯的荷电状态。
在电子设备的存储单元内具有预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系。可以理解的是，当电芯的充电状态为电芯电压时，预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系相应为预存的电芯电压和充电电流的对应关系；当电芯的充电状态为电芯荷电状态时，预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系相应为预存的电芯荷电状态和充电电流的对应关系。
本实施例中，预存的电芯电压和充电电流的对应关系是在实验室阶段，对电芯进行充电测试得到的，此时电芯可以独立于电子设备，利用充电测试系统单独进行充电测试。在此需要说明的是，由于批量化生产的电芯，它们的性能大致相同，因此并不要求在实验室中测试所用的电芯与以安装至电子设备内的电芯是同一个电芯，只要两者是同一规格、同一型号、或同一批次的电芯均可以。预存的电芯电压和充电电流的对应关系可以以曲线的形式体现(如图5所示)，也可以以表格的形式体现。
在对电芯进行充电测试中，是根据所监测的电芯负极的析锂状态调整电芯的试验充电电流，并记录相应的试验充电状态。这是由于在充电过程中，锂离子不断从电芯正极向负极嵌入，但是一旦负极表面的锂离子嵌入速度超过负极的承受能力，将会造成锂离子剩余在负极表面而无法嵌入至负极。随着充电的进行，电芯负极表面的电势会不断降低，当电势到达锂金属生成的电势时，就会生成锂金属单质，而生成的锂金属单质会对电池的安全性造成威胁。
在一实施例中，是通过在电子设备上在线监测电芯负极的析锂状态以指导充电电流，但是这种方式会受制于电子设备内空间和内部其他部件的影响，所检测出的负极析锂状态的准确性和稳定性均较差，无法有效指导充电电流。而本实施例中，是通过在实验室在线根据电芯负极的析锂状态调整试验充电 电流，能够有足够的资源保证对电芯负极析锂状态的检测准确性及稳定性，因而有效准确的对充电电流进行调整，并在线测试以得到较佳的预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系，以该较佳的预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系反映了在兼顾电芯充电安全性、以及预防负极析锂发生的前提下，充电状态与充电电流的对应关系，因此按照该对应关系指导以后的充电过程，能够实现兼顾电芯充电安全性、以及预防负极析锂发生、保证电芯使用安全的目的。
本实施例中，在实验室阶段对电芯进行充电测试时，以电芯负极的析锂状态指导充电电流。请参阅图4，具体的，预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系通过以下步骤确定：
步骤S30，在充电测试过程中，每隔第二预设时长获取电芯负极的析锂状态；
步骤S31，在每个第二预设时长内，根据电芯负极的析锂状态，调整电芯的试验充电电流，并记录试验充电电流所对应的电芯试验充电状态；
步骤S32，生成并保存试验充电电流与电芯试验充电状态的对应关系。
第二预设时长越小，对电芯负极析锂状态的获取频率越高，从而能够提高对电芯负极析锂状态监测的及时性与准确性，从而使试验充电电流能够及时针对电池的析锂状态进行调整，从而在保证电芯负极安全性的前提下，获得最佳的试验充电电流与电芯试验充电状态的对应关系。第二时长可以为0.5秒，1秒、2秒等均可。
其中，在充电测试的首个第二预设时长内，试验充电电流小于或等于电芯的额定充电电流。例如电芯容量为3000mAh，额定倍率为1.5C，即额定充电电流为4500mA，此时可以以4000mA在首个第二预设时长内对电芯进行恒流充电。这样可以避免当电池的性能情况未知时，以较大的额定充电电流开始对电芯充电，可能会造成的一些安全性问题。
在充电测试过程中，电池的析锂状态大致可以分为三种，析锂、未析锂、析锂临界状态，因此根据这三种析锂状态，试验充电电流相应可以具有不同的调整方案。具体如下：
针对未析锂状态，在每个第二预设时长内，根据电芯负极的析锂状态，调整电芯的试验充电电流包括：
在每个第二预设时长内，当电芯负极未发生析锂时，则增大试验充电电流。
其中，试验充电电流增加的幅值为可以均第一预设试验充电电流幅值。例如，第一预设幅值可以为100mA。
在另一实施例中，根据未析锂程度的不同，试验充电电流的增大幅度相应不同，未析锂程度越大，试验充电电流的增大幅度相应越大，随着未析锂程度越接近析锂临界状态，试验充电电流的增大幅度逐渐减小。
针对析锂状态，在每个第二预设时长内，根据电芯负极的析锂状态，调整电芯的试验充电电流包括：
在每个第二预设时长内，当电芯负极发生了析锂，则降低试验充电电流。
当电芯负极未发生析锂时，试验充电电流减少的幅值为第二预设试验充电电流幅值。第二预设幅值可以大于或等于第一预设幅值，以保证电芯负极发生析锂时，充电电流能够快速降低，防止析锂程度进一步加重，以保证电芯的安全性。例如第二预设幅值可以为100mA。
在另一实施例中，根据析锂程度的不同，试验充电电流的减小幅度相应不同，析锂程度越大，试验充电电流的降低幅度相应越大，随着析锂程度越接近析锂临界状态，试验充电电流的减小幅度逐渐减小，以避免试验充电电流下降过多，影响充电速度。
针对析锂临界状态，在每个第二预设时长内，根据电芯负极的析锂状态，调整电芯的试验充电电流包括：
在每个第二预设时长内，当电芯负极在析锂的临界状态，则保持试验充电电流。
当处于析锂临界状态时，可以保持当前的试验充电电流不变，此时达到了充电速度与析锂状态的平衡。
在此举例说明，在充电测试过程中，每一秒检测一次电芯析锂状态。在第一秒内，以4000mA对电芯恒流充电，在第二秒开始时，检测未发生析锂状态，则以100mA的增幅，即以4100mA在第二秒内对电芯恒流充电，在第三秒开始时，检测未发生析锂状态，继续以100mA的增幅，即以4200mA在第三秒内对电芯恒流充电；在第四秒开始时，检测发生了析锂临界状态，则保持当前的4200mA在第四秒内对电芯恒流充电；在第五秒开始时，检测 发生了析锂状态，则以以100mA的减幅，即以4100mA在第五秒内对电芯恒流充电……。
本实施例方案中在测试预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系的过程中，是根据所监测的电芯负极的析锂状态调整电芯的试验充电电流，通过对电芯负极析锂状态的监测，以在保证电芯充电安全性的前提下，使充电电流最大化，同时能够预防或减少电池负极的析锂现象。因此本实施例能够兼顾电芯的安全性能与充电速度。
并且，不同于在电子设备上在线监测电芯负极的析锂状态，本实施例预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系是在实验室在线测得的，能够有足够的资源保证对电芯负极析锂状态的检测准确性及稳定性，以得到较佳的预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系，按照该对应关系指导以后的充电过程，能够实现兼顾电芯充电安全性、以及预防负极析锂发生、保证电芯使用安全、以及减缓负极老化速度等的目的。
由此可见，本实施例能够可靠的实现在对电芯快速充电的同时，保证电芯的充电安全性。
请参阅图6，本实施例进一步考虑到电芯随着充电次数的增多会发生老化而导致原有预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系不能很好的指导发生性能发生改变了的电芯充电。因此本实施例中设置在根据预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系，以充电状态所对应的充电电流对电芯充电的步骤之前至少执行一次以下步骤：
获取保存的电芯已充电次数，并更新保存的电芯已充电次数；
从多个预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系中确定与电芯已充电次数适配的第一预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系；
根据预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系，以充电状态所对应的充电电流对电芯充电的步骤为：
根据第一预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系，以充电状态所对应的充电电流对电芯充电。
相对应的，在实验室阶段，根据电芯充电次数的逐渐增多，相应测试出测试充电状态与测试充电电流的对应关系。具体的每隔第二预设时长获取电芯负极的析锂状态的步骤之前至少执行一次以下步骤：
获取保存的电芯已充电次数，并更新保存的电芯已充电次数；
生成并保存试验充电电流与电芯试验充电状态的对应关系包括：
当电芯的已充电次数达到预设已充电次数时，生成试验充电电流与电芯试验充电状态的对应关系，并关联保存电芯已充电次数与该试验充电电流与电芯试验充电状态的对应关系。
本实施例中，在实验室阶段，预先对电芯进行充电测试时，并加入对充电次数的考虑。每次充电均按照上述实施例中根据电芯负极的析锂状态，调整电芯的试验充电电流的方式进行充电；根据电芯的已充电次数达到预设已充电次数，确定是否生成并保存试验充电电流与电芯试验充电状态的对应关系。
例如仅生成并保存第1次、第300次、第600次(当然不限于此)所测得的测试充电状态与测试充电电流的对应关系，并将这对应关系与已充电次数进行关联。请参阅图5所示，虚线为已充电次数300次所测得的测试测试充电状态与测试充电电流的对应关系曲线，实线为第一次所测得的测试测试充电状态与测试充电电流的对应关系曲线。可以看出，随着电池充电次数的增多，电芯性能有所改变，第300次与第1次所测得的测试充电状态与测试充电电流的对应关系曲线有所不同。
在用户使用阶段，对电芯的已充电次数进行记录。具体的，可以在每次充电开始时，首先获取电芯的已充电次数，并对该已充电次数加1，以作为当前的电芯已充电次数。然后根据当前的电芯已充电次数，调用适配的预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系。
例如，当电芯的已充电次数为150次时，此时调用在实验室阶段第1次测得的测试充电状态与测试充电电流的对应关系；当电芯的已充电次数为360次时，此时调用在实验室阶段第300次测得的测试充电状态与测试充电电流的对应关系；当电芯的已充电次数为700次时，此时调用在实验室阶段第600次测得的测试充电状态与测试充电电流的对应关系……。
在另一实施例中，为了在用户使用阶段，使充电电流与调用的预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系具有较高的匹配性，可以在实验室阶段，针对电芯的已充电次数，密集测试试验充电状态与试验充电电流的对应关系。具体的，在充电测试过程中，每第二隔预设时长获取电芯负极的析锂状态的步 骤之前至少执行一次以下步骤：
获取保存的电芯已充电次数，并更新保存的电芯已充电次数；
生成试验充电电流与电芯试验充电状态的对应关系包括：
生成试验充电电流与电芯试验充电状态的对应关系，并关联保存电芯已充电次数与该试验充电电流与电芯试验充电状态的对应关系。
在该实施例中，在实验室阶段每次充电后，均会生成试验充电电流与电芯试验充电状态的对应关系。
本实施例进一步考虑到电芯随着充电次数的增多会发生老化而导致原有预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系不能很好的指导性能发生改变了的电芯充电。因此通过在实验室阶段将关联保存电芯已充电次数与试验充电电流与电芯试验充电状态的对应关系，从而在用户使用阶段，能够根据电芯的已充电次数，调用适配的预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系，以保证对电芯快速充电、以及充电安全性的效果。
本实施例中，提出一种准确地对电芯负极的析锂状态进行确定的方法，具体的电芯负极的析锂状态通过以下方式确定：
在电芯上制备参比电极141；
获取参比电极141的电压与电芯负极电压的差值；
比对参比电极141的电压与电芯负极电压的差值与第一预设电压差值；
当参比电极141的电压与电芯负极电压的差值大于第一预设电压差值时，对应电芯负极发生了析锂；当参比电极141的电压与电芯负极电压的差值小于第一预设电压差值时，对应电芯负极未发生析锂；当参比电极141的电压与电芯负极电压的差值等于第一预设电压差值时，对应电芯负极为析锂临界状态。
参比电极141可以是金属锂电极、镀锂铜丝电极(可以是铜丝内置后再镀锂)、锂金属合金电极、钛酸锂电极等。
通过在电芯中预埋一个稳定的参比电极141；在实验室测试阶段的充电过程中，监控电芯负极相对于参比电极141的电位变化，即可判断电芯负极的析锂状态。第一预设电压差值可以为0V，考虑到电芯发生极化的情况，第一预设电压差值也可以高一些，例如10mV。总体上来说，第一预设电压差 值为0V～20mV。
通过拆解电芯的方式检测负极的析锂状态对环境要求较高，同时不能够在线对电芯的充电电流进行实时控制。而通过充电结束静置电压变化来判断负极的析锂状态，只能判断某一个电压点所对应的析锂状态。通过dQ/dV(电量与电压的变化率比值)的值来判断是否负极的析锂状态不能排除电池老化下的情况，甚至有可能出现误判。通过模型计算的方式来判断负极的析锂状态的方案中，关于模型的计算会非常复杂，且反馈会出现不及时的情况，此外，模型计算的误差大小也没法保证。
因此本实施例技术方案通过三电极电池的制备，在实验室阶段通过监控参比电极141的电压与电芯负极电压的差值，以判断电芯负极的析锂状态，并根据所反馈的电芯负极的析锂状态，实时在线调整电芯的充电电流，以减少电芯负极析锂现象的发生，在保证电芯的充电安全性的前提下，使充电电流达到最大化，以保证充电速度。
请参阅图8，本公开还提出一种充电控制装置50，包括：获取单元51，用于获取电芯的充电状态，其中充电状态为电芯电压或电芯的荷电状态；调整单元52，用于据预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系，以充电状态所对应的充电电流对电芯充电；其中，预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系为根据所监测的电芯负极的析锂状态调整电芯的试验充电电流，并记录相应的试验充电状态，以生成的试验充电状态与试验充电电流的对应关系。
在一实施例中，获取单元51用于每隔第一预设时长获取电芯的充电状态；
调整单元52用于在每个第一预设时长内，根据预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系，以最近一次所获取的电芯的充电状态所对应的充电电流对电芯充电。
获取单元51还用于获取保存的电芯已充电次数，并更新保存的电芯已充电次数；
匹配单元，从多个预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系中确定与电芯已充电次数适配的第一预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系；
关于本公开充电控制装置50的具体实施例可以参考上述方法项实施例。
本公开所提出的电子设备包括电芯、充电电路、存储单元、处理单元；存储单元用于存储充电控制程序；处理单元用于运行充电控制程序，充电控制程序被执行时，运行上述的充电控制方法，以控制充电电路对电芯充电。
请参阅图7，电子设备以通用计算设备的形式表现。电子设备的组件可以包括但不限于：上述至少一个处理单元42、上述至少一个存储单元41、连接不同系统组件(包括存储单元420和处理单元410)的总线43，其中，存储单元41存储有程序代码，程序代码可以被处理单元42执行，使得处理单元42执行本说明书上述实施例部分中描述的根据本公开各种示例性实施方式的步骤。
存储单元41可以包括易失性存储单元形式的可读介质，例如随机存取存储单元(RAM)411和/或高速缓存存储单元412，还可以进一步包括只读存储单元(ROM)413。
存储单元41还可以包括具有一组(至少一个)程序模块415的程序/实用工具414，这样的程序模块415包括但不限于：操作系统、一个或者多个应用程序、其它程序模块以及程序数据，这些示例中的每一个或某种组合中可能包括网络环境的实现。
总线43可以为表示几类总线结构中的一种或多种，包括存储单元总线或者存储单元控制器、外围总线、图形加速端口、处理单元或者使用多种总线结构中的任意总线结构的局域总线。
电子设备4也可以与一个或多个外部设备50(例如键盘、指向设备、蓝牙设备等)通信，还可与一个或者多个使得用户能与该电子设备4交互的设备通信，和/或与使得该机器人的电子设备4能与一个或多个其它计算设备进行通信的任何设备(例如路由器、调制解调器、显示单元44等等)通信。这种通信可以通过输入/输出(I/O)接口45进行。并且，机器人的电子设备4还可以通过网络适配器46与一个或者多个网络(例如局域网(LAN)，广域网(WAN)和/或公共网络，例如因特网)通信。如图7所示，网络适配器46通过总线43与机器人的电子设备4的其它模块通信。应当明白，尽管图7中未示出，可以结合机器人的电子设备4使用其它硬件和/或软件模块，包括但不限于：微代码、设备驱动器、冗余处理单元、外部磁盘驱动阵列、 RAID系统、磁带驱动器以及数据备份存储系统等。
通过以上的实施方式的描述，本领域的技术人员易于理解，这里描述的示例实施方式可以通过软件实现，也可以通过软件结合必要的硬件的方式来实现。因此，根据本公开实施方式的技术方案可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该软件产品可以存储在一个非易失性存储介质(可以是CD-ROM，U盘，移动硬盘等)中或网络上，包括若干指令以使得一台计算设备(可以是个人计算机、服务器、终端装置、或者网络设备等)执行根据本公开实施方式的方法。
在本公开的示例性实施例中，还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有能够实现本说明书上述方法的程序产品。在一些可能的实施方式中，本公开的各个方面还可以实现为一种程序产品的形式，其包括程序代码，当程序产品在终端设备上运行时，程序代码用于使终端设备执行本说明书上述实施例部分中描述的根据本公开各种示例性实施方式的步骤。
本公开还提出一种充电测试系统，用于在实验室阶段对电芯进行充电测试，以生成上述预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系。请参阅图9，电芯具有正极、负极以及参比电极141，充电测试系统包括电压检测装置62、充电装置61。电压检测装置62具有两个输入端和输出端，电压检测装置62的两个输入端分别供电芯的负极和参比电极141连接，且参比电极141的电位为电压检测装置62的接地电位，电压检测装置62的输出端用于输出电芯的负极电压；充电装置61具有信号接收端以及充电端，信号接收端与电压检测装置62的输出端连接，充电端与电芯的正极、负极连接，且负极电压的电位为充电装置61的接地电位；充电装置61根据电压检测装置62检测的负极电压调节对电芯的试验充电电流。
在另一实施例中，为了提高电压检测装置62所测得电芯负极电压的准确性，设置电芯正极也连接至电压检测装置62。
本实施例中，由于电压检测装置62与充电装置61的接地电位不同，具体的，电压检测装置62的接地电位为参比电极141负极电位，而充电装置61的接地电位为电芯负极电位，因此电压检测装置62向充电装置61输出的电压信号即为电芯负极电位与参比电位的差值。
在一实施例中，当充电装置61获取到的电压值为0时，即表示电芯负极电位与参比电位的差值为0V，此时电芯负极为析锂临界状态；当充电装置61获取到的电压值大于0V时，即表示电芯负极电位与参比电位的差值大于0，此时电芯负极为未析锂状态；当充电装置61获取到的电压值小于0时，即表示电芯负极电位与参比电位的差值小于0V，此时电芯负极为析锂状态。
可以理解的是，通过设置可以某一高于0V的值以替代上述实施例中的0V，作为电芯负极析锂状态界限。
本实施例中，充电装置61的信号接收端与电压检测装置62的输出端通过I 2C总线或系统管理总线通讯连接。
在一实施例中，电压检测装置62包括相连接的采样电路和模数转换电路，采样电路用于采集电芯的负极电压并传输至模数转换电路，负极电压经过模数转换电路后输出至充电装置61；采样电路的接地端和模数转换电路的接地端均与参比电极141连接。采样电路可以以采样电阻和参考电源搭建而成。模数转换电路可以为模数转换芯片。
在另一实施例中，电压检测装置62包括采样电路以及控制器，采样电路用于采集电芯的负极电压并传输至控制器，控制器将负极电压所对应的数字信号传输至充电装置61；采样电路的接地端和控制器的接地端均与参比电极141连接。控制器可以为MCU、CPU等具有数字逻辑处理功能的控制芯片。
充电装置61内置有充电电路、存储器、控制器；其中存储器内存储有存储充电测试程序；处理器，运行充电控制程序，充电测试程序被执行时，运行的充电测试方法。
本公开的充电测试系统通过将电压检测装置62与充电装置61进行通信连接，以将电芯负极析锂状态反馈至电压检测装置62，以使电压检测装置62调整充电电流，形成了对充电电流的闭环控制，以使测试生成的试验充电状态与试验充电电流的对应关系反映了在兼顾电芯充电安全性、以及预防负极析锂发生的前提下，充电状态与充电电流的对应关系，因此按照该对应关系指导以后的充电过程，能够实现兼顾电芯充电安全性、以及预防负极析锂发生、保证电芯使用安全的目的。
本公开还提出一种充电测试方法，请参阅图10，方法包括：
步骤S70，每隔第三预设时长获取电芯的负极电压与参比电极141，并根据电芯的负极电压确认电芯的析锂状态；
步骤S71，在每个第三预设时长内，根据电芯负极的析锂状态，调整电芯的试验充电电流，并记录试验充电电流所对应的电芯试验充电状态；
步骤S72，生成试验充电电流与电芯试验充电状态的对应关系。
第三预设时长越小，对电芯负极析锂状态的获取频率越高，从而能够提高对电芯负极析锂状态监测的及时性与准确性，从而使试验充电电流能够及时针对电池的析锂状态进行调整，从而在保证电芯负极安全性的前提下，获得最佳的试验充电电流与电芯试验充电状态的对应关系。第二时长可以为0.5秒，1秒、2秒等均可。
其中，在充电测试的首个第三预设时长内，试验充电电流小于或等于电芯的额定充电电流。例如电芯容量为3000mAh，额定倍率为1.5C，即额定充电电流为4500mA，此时可以以4000mA在首个第三预设时长内对电芯进行恒流充电。这样可以避免当电池的性能情况未知时，以较大的额定充电电流开始对电芯充电，可能会造成的一些安全性问题。
在充电测试过程中，电池的析锂状态大致可以分为三种，析锂、未析锂、析锂临界状态，因此根据这三种析锂状态，试验充电电流相应可以具有不同的调整方案。具体如下：
针对未析锂状态，在每个第三预设时长内，根据电芯负极的析锂状态，调整电芯的试验充电电流包括：
在每个第三预设时长内，当电芯负极未发生析锂时，则增大试验充电电流。
其中，试验充电电流增加的幅值为可以均第一预设试验充电电流幅值。例如，第一预设幅值可以为100mA。
在另一实施例中，根据未析锂程度的不同，试验充电电流的增大幅度相应不同，未析锂程度越大，试验充电电流的增大幅度相应越大，随着未析锂程度越接近析锂临界状态，试验充电电流的增大幅度逐渐减小。
针对析锂状态，在每个第二预设时长内，根据电芯负极的析锂状态，调整电芯的试验充电电流包括：
在每个第三预设时长内，当电芯负极发生了析锂，则降低试验充电电流。
当电芯负极未发生析锂时，试验充电电流减少的幅值为第三预设试验充电电流幅值。第三预设幅值可以大于或等于第一预设幅值，以保证电芯负极发生析锂时，充电电流能够快速降低，防止析锂程度进一步加重，以保证电芯的安全性。例如第三预设幅值可以为100mA。
在另一实施例中，根据析锂程度的不同，试验充电电流的减小幅度相应不同，析锂程度越大，试验充电电流的降低幅度相应越大，随着析锂程度越接近析锂临界状态，试验充电电流的减小幅度逐渐减小，以避免试验充电电流下降过多，影响充电速度。
针对析锂临界状态，在每个第三预设时长内，根据电芯负极的析锂状态，调整电芯的试验充电电流包括：
在每个第三预设时长内，当电芯负极在析锂的临界状态，则保持试验充电电流。
当处于析锂临界状态时，可以保持当前的试验充电电流不变，此时达到了充电速度与析锂状态的平衡。
在此举例说明，在充电测试过程中，每一秒检测一次电芯析锂状态。在第一秒内，以4000mA对电芯恒流充电，在第二秒开始时，检测未发生析锂状态，则以100mA的增幅，即以4100mA在第二秒内对电芯恒流充电，在第三秒开始时，检测未发生析锂状态，继续以100mA的增幅，即以4200mA在第三秒内对电芯恒流充电；在第四秒开始时，检测发生了析锂临界状态，则保持当前的4200mA在第四秒内对电芯恒流充电；在第五秒开始时，检测发生了析锂状态，则以以100mA的减幅，即以4100mA在第五秒内对电芯恒流充电……。
本实施例方案中在测试预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系的过程中，是根据所监测的电芯负极的析锂状态调整电芯的试验充电电流，通过对电芯负极析锂状态的监测，以在保证电芯充电安全性的前提下，使充电电流最大化，同时能够预防或减少电池负极的析锂现象。因此本实施例能够兼顾电芯的安全性能与充电速度。
并且，不同于在电子设备上在线监测电芯负极的析锂状态，本实施例预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系是在实验室在线测得的，能够有足够的资源保证对电芯负极析锂状态的检测准确性及稳定性，以得到较佳的预存的 充电状态与充电电流的对应关系，按照该对应关系指导以后的充电过程，能够实现兼顾电芯充电安全性、以及预防负极析锂发生、保证电芯使用安全、以及减缓负极老化速度等的目的。
由此可见，本实施例能够可靠的实现在对电芯快速充电的同时，保证电芯的充电安全性。
本实施例进一步考虑到电芯随着充电次数的增多会发生老化而导致原有预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系不能很好的指导发生性能发生改变了的电芯充电。因此本实施例中设置在根据预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系，以充电状态所对应的充电电流对电芯充电的步骤之前至少执行一次以下步骤：
获取保存的电芯已充电次数，并更新保存的电芯已充电次数；
从多个预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系中确定与电芯已充电次数适配的第一预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系；
根据预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系，以充电状态所对应的充电电流对电芯充电的步骤为：
根据第一预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系，以充电状态所对应的充电电流对电芯充电。
相对应的，在实验室阶段，根据电芯充电次数的逐渐增多，相应测试出测试充电状态与测试充电电流的对应关系。具体的每隔第三预设时长获取电芯负极的析锂状态的步骤之前至少执行一次以下步骤：
获取保存的电芯已充电次数，并更新保存的电芯已充电次数；
生成并保存试验充电电流与电芯试验充电状态的对应关系包括：
当电芯的已充电次数达到预设已充电次数时，生成试验充电电流与电芯试验充电状态的对应关系，并关联保存电芯已充电次数与该试验充电电流与电芯试验充电状态的对应关系。
本实施例中，在实验室阶段，预先对电芯进行充电测试时，并加入对充电次数的考虑。每次充电均按照上述实施例中根据电芯负极的析锂状态，调整电芯的试验充电电流的方式进行充电；根据电芯的已充电次数达到预设已充电次数，确定是否生成并保存试验充电电流与电芯试验充电状态的对应关系。
例如仅生成并保存第1次、第300次、第600次(当然不限于此)所测得的测试充电状态与测试充电电流的对应关系，并将这对应关系与已充电次数进行关联。请参阅图所示，可以看出，随着电池充电次数的增多，电芯性能有所改变，第300次与第1次所测得的测试充电状态与测试充电电流的对应关系曲线有所不同。
在用户使用阶段，对电芯的已充电次数进行记录。具体的，可以在每次充电开始时，首先获取电芯的已充电次数，并对该已充电次数加1，以作为当前的电芯已充电次数。然后根据当前的电芯已充电次数，调用适配的预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系。
例如，当电芯的已充电次数为150次时，此时调用在实验室阶段第1次测得的测试充电状态与测试充电电流的对应关系；当电芯的已充电次数为360次时，此时调用在实验室阶段第300次测得的测试充电状态与测试充电电流的对应关系；当电芯的已充电次数为700次时，此时调用在实验室阶段第600次测得的测试充电状态与测试充电电流的对应关系……。
在另一实施例中，为了在用户使用阶段，使充电电流与调用的预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系具有较高的匹配性，可以在实验室阶段，针对电芯的已充电次数，密集测试试验充电状态与试验充电电流的对应关系。具体的，在充电测试过程中，每第二隔预设时长获取电芯负极的析锂状态的步骤之前至少执行一次以下步骤：
获取保存的电芯已充电次数，并更新保存的电芯已充电次数；
生成试验充电电流与电芯试验充电状态的对应关系包括：
生成试验充电电流与电芯试验充电状态的对应关系，并关联保存电芯已充电次数与该试验充电电流与电芯试验充电状态的对应关系。
在该实施例中，在实验室阶段每次充电后，均会生成试验充电电流与电芯试验充电状态的对应关系。
本实施例进一步考虑到电芯随着充电次数的增多会发生老化而导致原有预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系不能很好的指导性能发生改变了的电芯充电。因此通过在实验室阶段将关联保存电芯已充电次数与试验充电电流与电芯试验充电状态的对应关系，从而在用户使用阶段，能够根据电芯的已充电次数，调用适配的预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系，以保证对电 芯快速充电、以及充电安全性的效果。
在本公开的示例性实施例中，还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有能够实现本说明书上述方法的程序产品。在一些可能的实施方式中，本公开的各个方面还可以实现为一种程序产品的形式，其包括程序代码，当程序产品在终端设备上运行时，程序代码用于使终端设备执行本说明书上述实施例部分中描述的根据本公开各种示例性实施方式的步骤。
虽然已参照几个典型实施方式描述了本发明，但应当理解，所用的术语是说明和示例性、而非限制性的术语。由于本发明能够以多种形式具体实施而不脱离发明的精神或实质，所以应当理解，上述实施方式不限于任何前述的细节，而应在随附权利要求所限定的精神和范围内广泛地解释，因此落入权利要求或其等效范围内的全部变化和改型都应为随附权利要求所涵盖。

Claims (29)

  1. 一种充电控制方法，其特征在于，包括：
    获取电芯的充电状态，其中充电状态为电芯电压或电芯的荷电状态；
    根据预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系，以所述充电状态所对应的充电电流对所述电芯充电；其中，所述预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系的获取方式为：根据监测的电芯负极的析锂状态调整电芯的试验充电电流，并记录相应的试验充电状态，将生成的试验充电状态与试验充电电流的对应关系作为所述预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，所述获取电芯的充电状态的步骤包括：
    每隔第一预设时长获取电芯的充电状态；
    所述根据预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系，以所述充电状态所对应的充电电流对所述电芯充电包括：
    在每个所述第一预设时长内，根据预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系，以最近一次所获取的所述电芯的充电状态所对应的充电电流对所述电芯充电。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，在所述根据预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系，以所述充电状态所对应的充电电流对所述电芯充电的步骤之前至少执行一次以下步骤：
    获取保存的电芯已充电次数，并更新保存的电芯已充电次数；
    从多个预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系中确定与所述电芯已充电次数适配的第一预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系；
    所述根据预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系，以所述充电状态所对应的充电电流对所述电芯充电的步骤为：
    根据所述第一预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系，以所述充电状态所对应的充电电流对所述电芯充电。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，所述预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系的获取步骤为：
    在充电测试过程中，每隔第二预设时长获取所述电芯负极的析锂状态；
    在每个所述第二预设时长内，根据所述电芯负极的析锂状态，调整所述电芯的试验充电电流，并记录所述试验充电电流所对应的电芯试验充电状态；
    生成并保存所述试验充电电流与所述电芯试验充电状态的对应关系。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，在充电测试的首个第二预设时长内，所述试验充电电流小于或等于所述电芯的额定充电电流。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，所述在每个所述第二预设时长内，根据所述电芯负极的析锂状态，调整所述电芯的试验充电电流包括：
    在每个所述第二预设时长内，当所述电芯负极未发生析锂时，则增大所述试验充电电流。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，当所述电芯负极未发生析锂时，所述试验充电电流增加的幅值为均第一预设试验充电电流幅值。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，所述在每个第二所述预设时长内，根据所述电芯负极的析锂状态，调整所述电芯的试验充电电流包括：
    在每个所述第二预设时长内，当所述电芯负极发生了析锂，则降低所述试验充电电流。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，当所述电芯负极未发生析锂时，所述试验充电电流减少的幅值为第二预设试验充电电流幅值。
  10. 根据权利要求4所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，所述在每个所述第二预设时长内，根据所述电芯负极的析锂状态，调整所述电芯的试验充电电流包括：
    在每个所述第二预设时长内，当所述电芯负极在析锂的临界状态，则保持所述试验充电电流。
  11. 根据权利要求4所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，所述在充电测试过程中，每隔第二预设时长获取所述电芯负极的析锂状态的步骤之前至少执行一次以下步骤：
    获取保存的电芯已充电次数，并更新保存的所述电芯已充电次数；
    所述生成并保存所述试验充电电流与所述电芯试验充电状态的对应关系 包括：
    当所述电芯的已充电次数达到预设已充电次数时，生成试验充电电流与电芯试验充电状态的对应关系，并关联保存所述电芯已充电次数与该试验充电电流与电芯试验充电状态的对应关系。
  12. 根据权利要求4所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，所述在充电测试过程中，每第二隔预设时长获取所述电芯负极的析锂状态的步骤之前至少执行一次以下步骤：
    获取保存的电芯已充电次数，并更新保存的电芯已充电次数；
    所述生成试验充电电流与电芯试验充电状态的对应关系包括：
    生成试验充电电流与电芯试验充电状态的对应关系，并关联保存所述电芯已充电次数与该试验充电电流与电芯试验充电状态的对应关系。
  13. 根据权利要求4所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，所述电芯负极的析锂状态通过以下方式确定：
    在所述电芯上制备参比电极；
    获取所述参比电极的电压与所述电芯负极电压的差值；
    比对所述参比电极的电压与所述电芯负极电压的差值与第一预设电压差值；
    当所述参比电极的电压与所述电芯负极电压的差值大于所述第一预设电压差值时，对应所述电芯负极发生了析锂；当所述参比电极的电压与所述电芯负极电压的差值小于所述第一预设电压差值时，对应所述电芯负极未发生析锂；当所述参比电极的电压与所述电芯负极电压的差值等于所述第一预设电压差值时，对应所述电芯负极为析锂临界状态。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的充电控制方法，其特征在于，所述第一预设电压差值为0V～20mV。
  15. 一种充电控制装置，其特征在于，包括：
    获取单元，用于获取电芯的充电状态，其中充电状态为电芯电压或电芯的荷电状态；
    调整单元，用于据预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系，以所述充电状态所对应的充电电流对所述电芯充电；
    其中，所述预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系的获取方式为：根据 监测的电芯负极的析锂状态调整电芯的试验充电电流，并记录相应的试验充电状态，将生成的试验充电状态与试验充电电流的对应关系作为所述预存的充电状态与充电电流的对应关系。
  16. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括电芯、充电电路、存储单元、处理单元；
    所述存储单元用于存储充电控制程序；
    所述处理单元，用于运行充电控制程序，所述充电控制程序被执行时，运行如权利要求1至14任意一项所述的充电控制方法，以控制所述充电电路对所述电芯充电。
  17. 一种充电测试系统，其特征在于，所述充电测试系统用于对电芯进行充电测试，所述电芯具有正极、负极以及参比电极，所述充电测试系统包括：
    电压检测装置，具有两个输入端和输出端，所述电压检测装置的两个所述输入端分别供所述电芯的负极和所述参比电极连接，且所述参比电极的电位为所述电压检测装置的接地电位，所述电压检测装置的输出端用于输出所述电芯的负极电压；
    充电装置，具有信号接收端以及充电端，所述信号接收端与所述电压检测装置的输出端连接，所述充电端与所述电芯的正极、负极连接，且所述负极电压的电位为所述充电装置的接地电位；所述充电装置根据所述电压检测装置检测的负极电压调节对所述电芯的试验充电电流。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的充电测试系统，其特征在于，所述充电装置的信号接收端与所述电压检测装置的输出端通过I 2C总线或系统管理总线通讯连接。
  19. 根据权利要求17所述的充电测试系统，其特征在于，所述电压检测装置包括相连接的采样电路和模数转换电路，所述采样电路用于采集所述电芯的负极电压并传输至所述模数转换电路，所述负极电压经过所述模数转换电路后输出至所述充电装置；
    所述采样电路的接地端和模数转换电路的接地端均与所述参比电极连 接。
  20. 根据权利要求17所述的充电测试系统，其特征在于，所述电压检测装置包括采样电路以及控制器，所述采样电路用于采集所述电芯的负极电压并传输至所述控制器，所述控制器将所述负极电压所对应的数字信号传输至所述充电装置；
    所述采样电路的接地端和控制器的接地端均与所述参比电极连接。
  21. 一种充电测试方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    每隔第三预设时长获取电芯的负极电压与参比电极电压差值，以确认所述电芯的析锂状态；
    在每个所述第三预设时长内，根据所述电芯负极的析锂状态，调整所述电芯的试验充电电流，并记录所述试验充电电流所对应的电芯试验充电状态；
    生成试验充电电流与电芯试验充电状态的对应关系。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的充电测试方法，其特征在于，在充电测试的首个第三预设时长内，所述试验充电电流小于或等于电芯的额定充电电流。
  23. 根据权利要求21所述的充电测试方法，其特征在于，所述在每个所述第三预设时长内，根据所述电芯负极的析锂状态，调整所述电芯的试验充电电流包括：
    在每个所述第三预设时长内，当所述电芯负极未发生析锂时，则增大所述试验充电电流。
  24. 根据权利要求21所述的充电测试方法，其特征在于，所述在每个所述第三预设时长内，根据所述电芯负极的析锂状态，调整所述电芯的试验充电电流包括：
    在每个所述第三预设时长内，当所述电芯负极发生了析锂，则降低所述试验充电电流。
  25. 根据权利要求21所述的充电测试方法，其特征在于，所述在每个所述第三预设时长内，根据所述电芯负极的析锂状态，调整所述电芯的试验充电电流包括：
    在每个所述第三预设时长内，当所述电芯负极在析锂的临界状态，则保持所述试验充电电流。
  26. 根据权利要求21所述的充电测试方法，其特征在于，所述在充电过程中，每隔第三预设时长获取所述电芯负极的析锂状态的步骤之前至少执行一次以下步骤：
    获取保存的电芯已充电次数，并更新保存的电芯已充电次数；
    所述生成试验充电电流与电芯试验充电状态的对应关系包括：
    当所述电芯的已充电次数达到预设已充电次数时，生成试验充电电流与电芯试验充电状态的对应关系，并关联保存所述电芯已充电次数与该试验充电电流与电芯试验充电状态的对应关系。
  27. 根据权利要求21所述的充电测试方法，其特征在于，所述在充电过程中，每隔第三预设时长获取所述电芯负极的析锂状态的步骤之前至少执行一次以下步骤：
    获取保存的电芯已充电次数，并更新保存的电芯已充电次数；
    所述生成试验充电电流与电芯试验充电状态的对应关系包括：
    生成试验充电电流与电芯试验充电状态的对应关系，并关联保存所述电芯已充电次数与该试验充电电流与电芯试验充电状态的对应关系。
  28. 一种可读存储介质，其特征在于，包括：
    存储器，存储充电控制程序；
    处理器，运行充电控制程序，所述充电控制程序被执行时，运行如权利要求1至14任意一项所述的充电控制方法。
  29. 一种可读存储介质，其特征在于，包括：
    存储器，存储充电测试程序；
    处理器，运行充电控制程序，所述充电控制程序被执行时，运行如权利要求21至27任意一项所述的充电测试方法。
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