WO2021063273A1 - 电池内短路的检测方法与装置、电子设备 - Google Patents

电池内短路的检测方法与装置、电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021063273A1
WO2021063273A1 PCT/CN2020/117933 CN2020117933W WO2021063273A1 WO 2021063273 A1 WO2021063273 A1 WO 2021063273A1 CN 2020117933 W CN2020117933 W CN 2020117933W WO 2021063273 A1 WO2021063273 A1 WO 2021063273A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
charging
battery
cut
short circuit
charge
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PCT/CN2020/117933
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
谢红斌
张俊
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Oppo广东移动通信有限公司
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Publication of WO2021063273A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021063273A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of electronics, and in particular to a method and device for detecting a short circuit in a battery, and electronic equipment.
  • the internal short circuit of a battery mainly includes short circuits caused by external factors and self-induced short circuits caused by changes in the internal structure of the battery.
  • the self-induced short circuit caused by the internal structural changes of the battery has a long evolutionary process.
  • the micro short circuit in the battery is not significant. Therefore, how to effectively and accurately detect the occurrence of the micro short circuit in the battery is important for improving The safety of the battery is of great significance.
  • a method for detecting a short circuit in a battery including: monitoring the charge cut-off characteristic of the battery; comparing the charge cut-off characteristic with a preset target charge cut-off characteristic; when the charge cut-off characteristic is equal to When the preset target charge cutoff feature does not match, it is determined that a short circuit has occurred in the battery.
  • a device for detecting a short circuit in a battery which includes: a monitoring module for monitoring the charge cutoff characteristics of the battery; a comparison module for comparing the charge cutoff characteristics with a preset target Charging cut-off feature; a short circuit determination module, used to determine that a short circuit has occurred in the battery when the charge cut-off feature does not match the preset target charge cut-off feature.
  • an electronic device including: a storage unit storing a short-circuit detection program in the battery; a processing unit configured to execute the short-circuit detection program in the battery when the short-circuit detection program in the battery is running. The steps of the short-circuit detection method.
  • a computer storage medium stores a short-circuit detection program in a battery, and the short-circuit detection program in the battery is executed by at least one processor to realize the short-circuit in the battery. The steps of the detection method.
  • Figure 1a is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an electronic device of the present disclosure
  • Figure 1b is a block diagram of a circuit structure of the electronic device of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for detecting short circuits in a battery of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of another embodiment of a method for detecting a short circuit in a battery of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for detecting a short circuit in a battery of the present disclosure when charging in a constant current and constant voltage charging mode;
  • Figure 5a is the charging voltage and charging current curve when the battery is charged in the constant current and constant voltage charging mode when there is no short circuit in the battery;
  • Figure 5b is the charging voltage and charging current curve when the battery is charged in the constant current and constant voltage charging mode when a short circuit occurs in the battery;
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for detecting a short circuit in a battery of the present disclosure when charging in a segmented constant current charging mode;
  • Figure 7 is the charging voltage and charging current curve when the battery is charged in the segmented constant current charging mode when a short circuit occurs in the battery;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of functional modules of an embodiment of a detection device for short-circuit in a battery of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 9 is a system architecture diagram of the electronic device of the present disclosure.
  • the direction indications (such as up, down, left, right, front and back) are used to explain the structure and movement of various elements of the present disclosure not absolute but relative. These descriptions are appropriate when these elements are in the positions shown in the drawings. If the descriptions of the positions of these elements change, the directions of these directions also change accordingly.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure proposes a method for detecting battery leakage current, which can be applied to smart terminals and mobile terminal devices equipped with a battery power supply system.
  • the device to be charged may be, for example, a terminal or a communication terminal.
  • the terminal or communication terminal includes but is not limited to being set to be connected via a wired line, such as via a public switched telephone network (PSTN) or digital subscriber line , DSL), digital cable, direct cable connection, and/or another data connection/network and/or via, for example, cellular network, wireless local area network (WLAN), such as handheld digital video broadcasting (digital video broadcasting) Handheld, DVB-H) network digital TV network, satellite network, amplitude modulation-frequency modulation (AM-FM) broadcast transmitter, and/or a device for receiving/sending communication signals on the wireless interface of another communication terminal .
  • PSTN public switched telephone network
  • DSL digital subscriber line
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • AM-FM amplitude modulation-frequency modulation
  • a communication terminal set to communicate through a wireless interface may be referred to as a "wireless communication terminal", a “wireless terminal” and/or a “smart terminal”.
  • smart terminals include, but are not limited to satellite or cellular phones; personal communication system (PCS) terminals that can combine cellular radio phones with data processing, fax, and data communication capabilities; can include radio phones, pagers, and the Internet/ Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) with intranet access, Web browser, notebook, calendar, and/or global positioning system (GPS) receiver; and conventional laptop and/or palmtop Receiver or other electronic device including a radio telephone transceiver.
  • the terminal can also include, but is not limited to, electronic book readers, smart wearable devices, mobile power sources (such as power banks, travel chargers), electronic cigarettes, wireless mice, wireless keyboards, wireless headsets, Bluetooth speakers, etc. Rechargeable electronic equipment.
  • the electronic device may include a rear case 11, a display screen 12, a circuit board, and a battery. It should be noted that the electronic device is not limited to include the above content.
  • the rear shell 11 may form the outer contour of the electronic device.
  • the rear shell 11 may be a metal rear shell, such as magnesium alloy, stainless steel and other metals.
  • the material of the rear shell 11 in the embodiment of the present application is not limited to this, and other methods may also be used.
  • the rear shell 11 may be a plastic rear shell, a ceramic rear shell, a glass rear shell, and the like.
  • the display screen 12 is installed in the rear shell 11.
  • the display screen 12 is electrically connected to the circuit board to form the display surface of the electronic device.
  • the display surface of the electronic device may be provided with a non-display area.
  • the top or/and bottom of the electronic device may form a non-display area, that is, the electronic device forms a non-display area on the upper or/and lower part of the display screen 12.
  • Area, electronic equipment can install cameras, receivers and other devices in non-display areas.
  • the display surface of the electronic device may not be provided with a non-display area, that is, the display screen 12 may be a full screen.
  • the display screen can be laid on the entire display surface of the electronic device, so that the display screen can perform full-screen display on the display surface of the electronic device.
  • the display screen 12 may be one or a combination of a liquid crystal display, an organic light emitting diode display, an electronic ink display, a plasma display, and a display using other display technologies.
  • the display screen 12 may include a touch sensor array (ie, the display screen 12 may be a touch display screen).
  • the touch sensor can be a capacitive touch sensor formed by an array of transparent touch sensor electrodes (such as indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes), or it can be a touch sensor formed using other touch technologies, such as sonic touch, pressure-sensitive touch, and resistance. Touch, optical touch, etc., are not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • a cover plate may be provided on the display screen 12, and the cover plate may cover the display screen 12 to protect the display screen 12.
  • the cover plate may be a transparent glass cover plate, so that the display screen 12 can display through the cover plate.
  • the cover plate may be a glass cover plate made of materials such as sapphire.
  • a storage space is formed between the rear case 11 and the display screen 12, and the storage space can accommodate electronic equipment components, such as circuit boards, batteries, and the like.
  • the circuit board is installed in the back shell 11, the circuit board can be the main board of the electronic device, and the circuit board can be integrated with a motor, a microphone, a speaker, a headphone interface, a universal serial bus interface, a camera, a distance sensor, an ambient light sensor, One, two or more of functional devices such as receivers and processing units.
  • the circuit board may be fixed in the rear case 11.
  • the circuit board may be screwed to the rear shell 11 by screws, or may be snap-fitted to the rear shell 11 in a snap-fit manner.
  • the specific method of fixing the circuit board to the rear housing 11 in the embodiment of the present application is not limited to this, and other methods, such as a method of joint fixing by a buckle and a screw, may also be used.
  • the battery is installed in the rear case 11, and the battery 11 is electrically connected to the circuit board to provide power to the electronic device.
  • the rear case 11 can serve as a battery cover for the battery.
  • the rear shell 11 covers the battery to protect the battery and reduce damage to the battery due to collisions, drops, and the like of electronic devices.
  • FIG. 2 is a structural block diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • the electronic device may include a storage and processing circuit 131, and the storage and processing circuit 131 may be integrated on a circuit board.
  • the storage and processing circuit 131 may include storage units, such as hard disk drive storage units, non-volatile storage units (such as flash memory or other electronic programmable read-only storage units used to form solid-state drives, etc.), and volatile storage units (such as Static or dynamic random access storage units, etc.), etc., are not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the processing circuit in the storage and processing circuit 131 can be used to control the operation of the electronic device.
  • the processing circuit can be implemented based on one or more micro processing units, microcontrollers, digital signal processing units, baseband processing units, power management units, audio codec chips, application specific integrated circuits, display driver integrated circuits, etc.
  • the storage and processing circuit 131 can be used to run software in electronic devices, such as Internet browsing applications, Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP) phone call applications, email applications, media playback applications, operating system functions, etc. .
  • VOIP Voice over Internet Protocol
  • the electronic device may include an input-output circuit 132, and the input-output circuit 132 may be provided on a circuit board.
  • the input-output circuit 132 can be used to enable the electronic device to input and output data, that is, allow the electronic device to receive data from the external device and also allow the electronic device to output data from the electronic device to the external device.
  • the input-output circuit 132 may further include a sensor 1321.
  • the sensor 1321 may include an ambient light sensor, a proximity sensor based on light and capacitance, and a touch sensor (for example, a light-based touch sensor and/or a capacitive touch sensor, where the touch sensor may be a part of a touch screen or as a The touch sensor structure is used independently), acceleration sensor, temperature sensor, and other sensors.
  • the electronic device may include a power management circuit and other input-output units 1322.
  • the input-output unit may include buttons, joysticks, click wheels, scroll wheels, touch pads, keypads, keyboards, cameras, light-emitting diodes, and other status indicators.
  • the user can input commands through the input-output circuit 132 to control the operation of the electronic device, and can use the output data of the input-output circuit 132 to realize receiving status information and other output from the electronic device.
  • the electronic device also includes a charging circuit 133.
  • the charging circuit 133 can charge the battery cell 14 of the electronic device.
  • the charging circuit 133 may be used to further adjust the charging voltage and/or charging current input from the adapter to meet the charging requirements of the battery.
  • the electronic device is equipped with a charging interface
  • the charging interface 123 may be, for example, a USB 2.0 interface, a Micro USB interface, or a USB TYPE-C interface.
  • the charging interface may also be a lightning interface, or any other type of parallel port or serial port that can be used for charging.
  • the charging interface 400 is connected to an adapter through a data line. The adapter obtains electrical energy from the mains. After voltage conversion, it is transmitted through the data line and the charging interface 400 to the charging circuit. Therefore, the electrical energy can be charged into the battery cell to be charged through the charging circuit.
  • the battery 14 in the present disclosure is composed of a shell, a battery cell, a battery protection board, etc. wrapped in the shell.
  • the battery protection board is an integrated circuit board that protects the battery cells.
  • the battery protection board generally has a sampling circuit and a protection circuit.
  • the battery 14 may include a single cell or multiple cells. When the battery 14 includes multiple cells, the multiple cells may be connected in series. In this way, the charging voltage that the battery 14 can withstand is the sum of the charging voltages that the multiple cells can withstand, which can increase the charging speed and reduce charging heat.
  • the voltage of the internal single cell is generally between 3.0V and 4.35V.
  • the total voltage of the two battery cells connected in series is 6.0V-8.7V. Therefore, compared with a single cell, when multiple cells are connected in series, the output voltage of the charging circuit 133 can be increased. Compared with a single-cell battery, it achieves the same charging speed, and the charging current required by a multi-cell battery is about 1/N of the charging current required by a single-cell battery (N is the series-connected battery in the electronic device 10). The number of cores).
  • adopting a solution with multiple battery cells can reduce the size of the charging current, thereby reducing the amount of heat generated by the electronic device 10 during the charging process.
  • the use of the multiple-cell series solution can increase the charging voltage, thereby increasing the charging speed.
  • the following describes the related adapter for charging the electronic device 10 in the related art.
  • the adapter can work in a constant voltage mode, and the output voltage thereof is basically maintained constant, such as 5V, 9V, 12V, or 20V.
  • the output current can be a pulsating DC current (direction and amplitude change with time), AC current (direction and amplitude change with time) or constant DC current (direction and amplitude do not change with time).
  • the voltage output by the relevant adapter is not suitable for being directly applied to both ends of the battery, but needs to be transformed by the transformation circuit in the electronic device 10 first to obtain the expected charging voltage and/or charging current of the battery in the electronic device 10.
  • the adapter can also work in a voltage-following manner. That is, the adapter and the electronic device 10 to be charged perform two-way communication.
  • the adapter adjusts its output voltage and current according to the required charging voltage and charging current of the electronic device 10, so that the output voltage and current can be directly loaded to the electronic device 10. For charging the battery, the electronic device 10 does not need to adjust the charging voltage and charging current again.
  • the conversion circuit can control the charging voltage and/or charging current of the battery in different charging stages. For example, in the constant current charging stage, the conversion circuit can use a current feedback loop to make the current entering the battery meet the expected first charging current of the battery. In the constant voltage charging stage, the conversion circuit can use a voltage feedback loop to make the voltage applied to both ends of the battery meet the expected charging voltage of the battery. In the trickle charging phase, the conversion circuit can use the current feedback loop to make the current entering the battery meet the second charging current expected by the battery (the second charging current is less than the first charging current).
  • the conversion circuit is used to perform a step-down conversion process on the voltage output by the relevant adapter, so that the size of the charging voltage obtained after the step-down conversion meets the expected charging voltage of the battery The size of the charging voltage.
  • the normal charging mode means that the adapter outputs a relatively small current value (usually less than 2.5A) or uses a relatively small power (usually less than 15W) to charge the battery in the charging device. In the normal charging mode, it usually takes several hours to fully charge a large capacity battery (such as a 3000 mAh capacity battery).
  • Fast charging mode means that the adapter can output relatively large current (usually greater than 2.5A, such as 4.5A, 5A or even higher) or relatively large power (usually greater than or equal to 15W) to treat the battery in the charging device Recharge.
  • the charging speed of the adapter in the fast charging mode is faster, and the charging time required to fully charge the battery of the same capacity can be significantly shortened.
  • the wireless charging system and the wired charging system in the related art are respectively introduced below.
  • a power supply device (such as an adapter) is generally connected to a wireless charging device (such as a wireless charging base), and the output power of the power supply device is wirelessly (such as electromagnetic signals or electromagnetic waves) through the wireless charging device. It is transmitted to the electronic device 10, and the electronic device 10 is wirelessly charged.
  • wireless charging methods are mainly divided into three methods: magnetic coupling (or electromagnetic induction), magnetic resonance, and radio waves.
  • mainstream wireless charging standards include the QI standard, the Power Matters Alliance (PMA) standard, and the Wireless Power Alliance (Alliance for Wireless Power, A4WP). Both the QI standard and the PMA standard use magnetic coupling for wireless charging.
  • the A4WP standard uses magnetic resonance for wireless charging.
  • a power supply device (such as an adapter) is generally connected to the electronic device 10 through a cable, and the power provided by the power supply device is transmitted to the electronic device 10 through the cable to charge the electronic device 10.
  • CCCV constant current and constant voltage
  • the battery charging process may include: trickle charging phase (or mode), constant current charging phase (or mode), constant voltage charging phase (or mode), and supplementary charging phase (or mode).
  • the fully discharged battery is precharged (ie, restorative charging).
  • the trickle charging current is usually one-tenth of the constant current charging current.
  • the battery In the constant current charging stage, the battery is charged with a constant current, and the charging voltage rises rapidly. When the charging voltage reaches the expected charging voltage threshold of the battery, it will switch to the constant voltage charging stage.
  • the battery In the constant voltage charging stage, the battery is charged with a constant voltage, and the charging current gradually decreases. When the charging current drops to the set current threshold, the battery is fully charged.
  • the battery After the battery is fully charged, due to the influence of the battery's self-discharge, some current loss will occur. At this time, it will enter the supplementary charging stage. In the supplementary charging phase, the charging current is very small, just to ensure that the battery is at full capacity.
  • the constant current charging stage does not require the charging current to remain completely constant. For example, it can generally mean that the peak or average value of the charging current remains unchanged for a period of time.
  • the constant current charging stage can be charged in a multi-stage constant current charging method.
  • the segmented constant current charging can have M constant current stages (M is an integer not less than 2), the segmented constant current charging starts the first stage charging with a predetermined charging current, and the segmented constant current charging has M constant current stages It is executed in sequence from the first stage to the Mth stage.
  • M is an integer not less than 2
  • the segmented constant current charging starts the first stage charging with a predetermined charging current
  • the segmented constant current charging has M constant current stages It is executed in sequence from the first stage to the Mth stage.
  • the current can be reduced; when the battery voltage reaches the charge termination voltage threshold, the constant
  • the previous constant current phase in the flow phase will shift to the next constant current phase.
  • the current conversion process between two adjacent constant current stages can be gradual or stepwise jump changes.
  • the battery structure can be modified to use multiple battery cells connected in series and directly charge the multiple battery cells, namely Directly load the voltage output by the adapter to the two ends of the battery cell containing multiple cells.
  • the charging current required by the multi-cell is about It is 1/N of the charging current required by a single cell (N is the number of cells connected in series).
  • N is the number of cells connected in series.
  • FIG. 2 shows a flowchart of the method for detecting a short circuit.
  • the detection method of the short circuit in the battery includes:
  • step S20 the charge cut-off feature of the battery is monitored.
  • the electronic device 10 can be charged through the above-mentioned wired and wireless methods. Take the constant current and constant voltage charging mode as an example. As the battery is charged, the charging current of the battery will gradually drop to the cut-off current, the charging voltage of the battery will gradually rise to the cut-off voltage, and the state of charge of the battery will gradually Rise to 1.
  • the charge cut-off characteristic of the battery may be the charge cut-off voltage, charge cut-off current, state of charge, internal resistance, open circuit voltage, etc. of the battery.
  • a fuel gauge electrically connected to the battery and a voltage and current detection circuit or detection device can be arranged on the battery protection board to monitor the charge cut-off characteristics of the battery.
  • the frequency of monitoring the charge cut-off feature of the battery can be performed at a fixed detection frequency, and the detection frequency can be set according to the operating frequency of the processing unit of the electronic device 10, of course, it can also be performed in a random detection manner.
  • the charging cutoff feature of the monitoring battery set in this embodiment includes:
  • step S201 when entering the final stage of charging, monitor the charging cut-off feature of the battery.
  • the preset detection stage is the final stage of charging.
  • the cut-off current and cut-off voltage of the battery will be reflected in the final stage of the battery charging, premature detection will cause unnecessary consumption of data processing resources.
  • the voltage of the battery may rise above the cut-off voltage in the early or middle stage of charging, but the voltage at this time is not the true voltage of the battery, so it may Will bring about inaccuracy of the short-circuit detection results. Therefore, in this embodiment, the charge cut-off feature of the battery is acquired at the end of the charge stage to avoid short-circuit detection errors caused by unstable battery charging state characteristics, thereby improving the accuracy of short-circuit detection.
  • the above-mentioned end-of-charge stage can be defined according to different charging modes.
  • the complete charging process corresponding to the charging mode of the battery includes at least two successive charging stages; the end-of-charge stage is the first near the charge cut-off point.
  • Charge stage and/or second charge stage For example, corresponding to the constant current and constant voltage charging mode, the charging phases are in order of constant current phase, constant voltage phase, and trickle phase.
  • the final stage of charging may be a constant voltage charging stage and/or a trickle charging stage.
  • the final stage of charging can be determined through the following steps.
  • the charging cut-off characteristics of the monitoring battery include:
  • the corresponding relationship between the preset charging mode and the end-of-charge stage is pre-stored in the electronic device 10.
  • the corresponding end-of-charge stage is searched for according to the current charging mode.
  • this charging mode may only have a single charging mode or when the battery is charged by changing the charging parameters in the same charging mode, the following two embodiments can be used Define the above-mentioned final stage of charging.
  • the terminal charging stage is the charging stage corresponding to the first predetermined voltage threshold when the voltage of the battery is greater than or equal to.
  • the first threshold voltage may be 80%-95% of the charge cut-off voltage.
  • the end stage of charging is the charging stage corresponding to the first preset state of charge threshold when the state of charge of the battery is greater than or equal to.
  • the first preset state-of-charge threshold may be 80%-95%.
  • the detection method of the short circuit in the battery further includes:
  • Step S21 comparing the charge cut-off characteristic with the preset target charge cut-off characteristic
  • Step S22 When the charge cut-off characteristic does not match the preset target charge cut-off characteristic, it is determined that a short circuit has occurred in the battery.
  • the preset target charge cut-off characteristic can be understood as the charge cut-off characteristic of the battery when there is no short circuit in the battery.
  • the preset target charge cut-off characteristic has the same dimension as the charge cut-off characteristic.
  • the preset target charge cutoff feature can be obtained by testing the battery before the battery leaves the factory, and the obtained preset target charge cutoff feature is stored in the electronic device 10.
  • the preset target charging cutoff feature may also be measured after the battery leaves the factory and directly stored in the electronic device 10.
  • the preset target charge cut-off feature is generated based on the battery test without an internal short circuit, and the cut-off current or cut-off voltage that it can reach at the end of the charge is determined through experiments to obtain the target cut-off current and the target cut-off voltage, which are stored in the electronic device 10 As a reference, the charging cut-off feature of the battery is called for comparison to determine whether a short circuit has occurred in the battery.
  • the charge cut-off characteristic cannot reach the preset target charge cut-off characteristic.
  • the short circuit detection frequency can be increased to enhance the monitoring of the battery short circuit condition.
  • the electronic device 10 is triggered Call the corresponding program to take measures, such as restricting the use of the battery, sending out a message reminding you to replace the battery, etc.
  • the charge cut-off current of the battery cannot be reduced below the target charge cut-off current at the end of charging; or due to the voltage loss accompanying the short-circuit current, the charge cut-off voltage of the battery cannot reach or exceed the target near the end of charging Above the charge cut-off voltage.
  • the interpretation of "mismatch” is determined according to the charging mode and the type of charging cut-off feature.
  • the charge cut-off characteristic may be the charge cut-off current.
  • “mismatch” may mean that the charge cut-off current cannot fall to the target charge cut-off characteristic.
  • the charge cut-off feature may be the charge cut-off voltage. At this time, “mismatch” may mean that the charge cut-off voltage cannot be increased to the target charge cut-off voltage.
  • the charge state of the battery is the difference between the cut-off current and cut-off voltage of the battery when a short circuit occurs in the battery and when there is no short circuit as an example.
  • the state of charge of the battery can also be used.
  • the charge cut-off characteristics such as internal resistance are reference factors to judge whether there is a short circuit in the battery.
  • the charge cut-off feature of the battery is combined with the change stability of the charge cut-off feature to jointly determine the occurrence of the short circuit, and avoid sudden disturbances, noises, etc. that cause charging.
  • Short-term abnormality of the cut-off feature causes misjudgment of the detection result.
  • Figure 3 Specifically, when the charge cut-off feature does not match the preset target charge cut-off feature, it is determined that a short circuit has occurred in the battery, including:
  • Step S221 when the charge cut-off characteristic does not match the preset target charge cut-off characteristic, monitor the change stability of the charge cut-off characteristic
  • Step S222 when the charge cut-off characteristic changes stably, obtain the charging duration corresponding to the charge cut-off characteristic in the change stable stage;
  • step S223 when the charging duration corresponding to the change and stabilization phase of the charge cut-off feature is greater than or equal to the preset reference duration, it is determined that a short circuit has occurred in the battery.
  • the preset reference duration can be set to a longer value to wait for the charging cut-off characteristic to stabilize. Specifically, it can be longer than 1 min, preferably 10 min.
  • the change stability of the charge cut-off characteristic is determined by monitoring the change rate of the charge cut-off characteristic of the battery. Specifically, when the charge cut-off characteristic does not reach the preset target charge cut-off characteristic, monitoring the change stability of the charge cut-off characteristic includes:
  • the charge cut-off characteristic changes stably.
  • the rate of change of the charge cutoff feature may be the difference of the rate of change of the charge cutoff feature acquired twice.
  • the charge cut-off current of the battery is embodied as a straight line tending to the level.
  • the charging modes in the related art such as constant current and constant voltage charging mode, segmented constant current charging mode, VOOC charging mode, pulse charging mode, etc.
  • the short-circuit detection The following embodiments are respectively directed to the embodiments of the short circuit detection solution when charging the battery in the constant current and constant voltage charging mode and the segmented constant current charging mode.
  • the final stage of charging is the constant voltage charging stage.
  • the charge cut-off characteristics include the charge cut-off current
  • the preset target charge cut-off characteristics include the target charge cut-off current .
  • FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for detecting a short circuit in a battery of the present disclosure when charging in a constant current and constant voltage charging mode.
  • the detection method of the short circuit in the battery is:
  • Step S202 when entering the constant voltage charging stage, monitor the charging cut-off current of the battery
  • Step S211 comparing the charging cut-off current with a preset target charging cut-off current
  • Step S2211 when the charge cut-off current does not reach the preset target charge cut-off current, monitor the change stability of the charge cut-off current
  • Step S2221 when the charge cut-off current changes and stabilizes, the charge time corresponding to the charge cut-off current in the change and stable phase is acquired;
  • step S2231 when the charging time is greater than or equal to the preset reference time, it is determined that a short circuit has occurred in the battery.
  • Fig. 5a shows the curve of the charging current of the battery changing with time when the battery is charged in the constant current and constant voltage charging mode and there is no short circuit in the battery. The figure shows that at the end of charging, the cut-off current of the battery has approached zero.
  • Figure 5b shows the curve of the battery current changing with time during the charging process when a short circuit occurs in the battery. The figure shows that at the end of charging, the off-current of the battery remains at It and cannot be reduced. At this time, the short-circuit current of the battery is approximately It. In the constant current and constant voltage charging mode, the theoretical cut-off current is 0 when the battery is fully charged. In practical applications, the battery will generally be cut off with a small cut-off current, such as 0.02C. At this time, the battery is considered to be fully charged.
  • Either software detection or hardware circuit detection of the battery voltage can effectively detect the switching of the charging phase from the constant current charging phase to the constant voltage charging phase. After entering the constant voltage charging stage, the battery charging voltage tends to be stable, and the battery charging current gradually decreases. If there is no short circuit in the battery, the battery current can drop below the battery's cut-off current during the constant voltage charging stage.
  • the preset target charging cut-off current can be 0.2C or a value greater than zero.
  • the adapter charges the battery with a constant voltage. At this time, the charging current of the battery will gradually decrease, and when the battery drops to a certain current value and cannot continue to decrease, the current value is recorded at this time. If the duration of the continuous charging time reaches the preset reference duration, it means that the battery charging current cannot drop to the target charging cut-off current due to the occurrence of a short-circuit current in the battery.
  • an allowable difference can be floated up and down based on the preset target charging cut-off current. If the charging cut-off current is within the difference, it can be considered The charge cut-off current reaches the preset target charge cut-off current; if the charge cut-off current is outside the difference, it can be considered that the charge cut-off current does not reach the preset target charge cut-off current.
  • the charge cutoff feature is determined Does not match the preset target charge cutoff feature.
  • the first preset difference here is a value greater than zero.
  • the charge cutoff feature is combined with the charging duration corresponding to the constant voltage charging stage to effectively detect the short-circuit current that is less than the battery charge cut-off current, so as to improve the sensitivity of detecting the short circuit in the battery.
  • the method further includes:
  • Step S231 when the charge cut-off current matches the preset target charge cut-off current, at the end of the constant voltage charging phase, obtain the charging duration of the constant voltage charging phase;
  • Step S241 Determine the occurrence of a short circuit in the battery according to the charging duration corresponding to the constant voltage charging stage.
  • a charging duration evaluation value may be preset for comparison with the charging duration of the constant voltage charging stage.
  • the charging duration of the constant voltage charging stage is greater than or equal to the preset charging duration evaluation value, it means this Although the short-circuit current is very small, it still exists. Because part of the current leaks through the short-circuit form, the charging time of the battery in the constant voltage stage is prolonged.
  • the charging duration corresponding to the constant voltage charging stage when the battery is first charged is used as the reference to compare with the charging duration of the constant voltage charging stage, and the occurrence of the short circuit is determined according to the comparison result.
  • the charging time of the voltage charging stage, and the conditions of determining the short circuit in the battery include:
  • Table 1 shows that when the battery is charged for the first time, the charging time corresponding to the constant voltage charging stage is 10 minutes, while in the Nth charging cycle, the constant voltage charging time increases to 85 minutes. As the battery ages, Correspondingly, the charging time during the constant voltage charging phase is also increased accordingly. Therefore, the preset first reference charging duration in this embodiment is set to a longer time, for example, set to more than 60 minutes, so as to eliminate the possibility of misjudgment of a short circuit in the battery due to aging of the battery.
  • This embodiment fully takes into account the specificity of the battery's own performance, and takes the charging time corresponding to the constant voltage charging phase when the battery is first charged as a reference, and compares it with the charging time of the constant voltage charging phase, so as to determine whether the battery is due to The occurrence of a short circuit causes the charging time to be prolonged, thereby improving the accuracy of short circuit detection.
  • the charging time in the constant voltage stage can be further used to determine whether a short circuit has occurred.
  • the charging duration of the constant voltage charging stage is greater than or equal to the preset first reference charging duration threshold, it means that the short-circuit current is still very small but still exists at this time.
  • the battery is at constant voltage.
  • the charging duration of the phase is extended, so that extremely small short-circuit currents can be detected. In this embodiment, the sensitivity of detecting short circuits in the battery is improved.
  • Comparing a short-circuit detection scheme in the related technology by collecting the charging power and charging time of the battery of the electronic device 10 during the charging process; based on the charging power and the charging time, calculating the short-circuit current value of the battery.
  • the internal resistance of the battery increases and the reversible capacity decreases, so the charging point capacity of the battery decreases, and the charging time may be prolonged. Therefore, the use of this scheme may easily lead to the possibility of misjudgment.
  • the charging cut-off feature is combined with the charging duration of the constant voltage charging stage to effectively detect the short-circuit current that is less than the battery charging cut-off current, and at the same time, a larger first reference charging duration is set to reduce or eliminate Interference of battery aging condition on short circuit detection. Therefore, this embodiment has higher accuracy of short-circuit detection, and can reduce the misjudgment rate.
  • the preset detection stage is the constant current charging stage corresponding to the final stage of charging;
  • the charging cut-off feature includes the charging cut-off voltage;
  • the preset target charging The cut-off feature is a preset target charging cut-off voltage.
  • Fig. 6 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for detecting a short circuit in a battery of the present disclosure when charging in a segmented constant current charging mode; at this time, the method for detecting a short circuit in a battery is as follows:
  • Step S203 when entering the final stage of charging, monitor the charging cut-off voltage of the battery
  • Step S211 comparing the charging cut-off voltage with a preset target charging cut-off voltage
  • Step S2212 when the charge cut-off voltage does not reach the preset target charge cut-off voltage, monitor the change stability of the charge cut-off voltage
  • Step S2222 when the charging cut-off current changes and stabilizes, the charging time corresponding to the charging cut-off voltage in the stable change phase is obtained;
  • step S2232 when the charging duration corresponding to the change and stabilization phase of the charge cut-off voltage is greater than or equal to the preset reference duration, it is determined that a short circuit has occurred in the battery.
  • Fig. 7 shows a curve of the voltage of the battery changing with time during the charging process when the battery is charged in the segmented constant current mode and a short circuit occurs in the battery. The figure shows that at the end of charging, the cut-off voltage of the battery still cannot reach the preset target cut-off voltage. When there is no short circuit in the battery, the cut-off voltage of the battery can reach the preset target cut-off voltage at the end of charging.
  • the segmented constant current charging mode In the segmented constant current charging mode, it is divided into multiple constant current charging stages, and the battery voltage corresponding to each constant current charging stage is different. By monitoring the battery voltage, when the battery voltage reaches a certain voltage, the charging current switch will be triggered to enter the next constant current charging stage.
  • the terminal charging stage may be the charging stage corresponding to the voltage of the battery being greater than or equal to the first preset voltage threshold.
  • the first threshold voltage may be 80%-95% of the charge cut-off voltage. It may also be that the state of charge of the battery is greater than or equal to the charging stage corresponding to the first preset state of charge threshold.
  • the first preset state-of-charge threshold may be 80%-95%.
  • an allowable difference can be floated up and down based on the preset target charging cut-off voltage. If the charging cut-off voltage is within the difference, it can be considered The charge cut-off voltage reaches the preset target charge cut-off voltage; if the charge cut-off voltage is outside the difference, it can be considered that the charge cut-off voltage does not reach the preset target charge cut-off voltage.
  • the second preset difference can be set to a value greater than zero.
  • this embodiment combines the charging cut-off feature with the charging duration of the constant voltage charging stage to effectively detect a short-circuit current that is less than the battery charging cut-off current, thereby improving the sensitivity of detecting short circuits in the battery. Sex. specific,
  • Step S232 when the charge cut-off voltage matches the preset target charge cut-off voltage, obtain the charging duration corresponding to at least one constant current charging stage in the saved segmented constant current charging mode;
  • Step S242 Determine the short circuit detection result of the battery according to the charging duration corresponding to at least one constant current charging stage.
  • the charging cut-off voltage of the battery can reach the target charging cut-off voltage, or even above the cut-off voltage.
  • it can be further judged whether a short-circuit occurs by the charging time in a certain constant-current charging stage.
  • the charging duration of a constant current charging stage when the charging duration of a constant current charging stage is greater than or equal to the preset charging duration evaluation value, it means that the short-circuit current is still very small but still exists at this time. Because part of the current leaks through the short-circuit form, As a result, the time for the battery voltage to reach the preset voltage value during the charging constant current stage is prolonged.
  • the charging duration corresponding to one constant current charging stage can be selected from the constant current charging stage to compare with the charging duration evaluation value corresponding to the constant current charging stage, thereby obtaining A comparison result.
  • the charging duration corresponding to the constant current charging stage when the battery is first charged is used as a reference to compare with the charging duration of the constant current charging stage, and the occurrence of a short circuit is determined according to the comparison result.
  • determining the short circuit detection result of the battery includes:
  • the constant current charging phase of the current charging cycle which is used to compare the duration, corresponds to the constant current charging phase when the battery is charged for the first time.
  • the constant current charging phase used to compare the duration of this charging cycle is the charging phase from the current I1 to the battery voltage of 4.2V
  • the corresponding comparison object is the constant current I1 charged to the battery voltage of 4.2V when the battery is charged for the first time.
  • Current charging stage is the constant current I1 charged to the battery voltage of 4.2V when the battery is charged for the first time.
  • the preset second duration difference is set to a longer time, for example, set to more than 60 minutes.
  • the charging time of the high-current constant-current charging stage is generally shorter than the charging time corresponding to the low-current constant-current charging stage. Therefore, the setting in this embodiment The second duration difference corresponding to the constant current charging phase closer to the charging start point in at least one constant current charging phase is shorter.
  • This embodiment fully takes into account the specificity of the battery's own performance, and takes the charging time corresponding to the constant current charging phase when the battery is first charged as a reference, and compares it with the charging time of the constant current charging phase, so as to determine whether the battery is due to The occurrence of a short circuit causes the charging time to be prolonged, thereby improving the accuracy of short circuit detection.
  • the charging in the constant current stage can be further passed.
  • the method for detecting a short circuit in a battery proposed in this embodiment monitors the charge cut-off characteristics of the battery when the charging phase enters a preset end-of-charge stage; compares the preset target charge cut-off characteristics with the charge cut-off characteristics to determine It is determined whether a short circuit has occurred in the battery, so this embodiment can effectively determine the occurrence of a short circuit in the battery.
  • this embodiment can perform short-circuit detection during each charging process, and it is not necessary to perform feature extraction and comparison during several charging processes to determine the battery short-circuit. Therefore, this embodiment can avoid errors caused by multiple feature extractions, so this embodiment has higher short-circuit detection accuracy and rapidity.
  • the detection scheme of this embodiment can take into account the short-circuit detection in the single cell and the battery pack, and enhance the applicability of the battery short-circuit detection.
  • the detection scheme of this embodiment combines the charge cutoff feature with the charging duration of the constant voltage charging stage, so as to effectively detect the short-circuit current that is less than the battery charge cut-off current, and improve the sensitivity of detecting the short-circuit current.
  • the method for detecting a short circuit within a battery of the solution of this embodiment has high short-circuit detection accuracy, rapid detection and strong applicability.
  • this embodiment also provides a detection device 30 for short-circuit in a battery.
  • the detection device 30 for short-circuit in a battery please refer to the embodiment of a method for detecting short-circuit in a battery.
  • the detection device 30 for short circuit in the battery includes: a monitoring module 31 for monitoring the charging cut-off feature of the battery;
  • the comparison module 32 is used to compare the charge cut-off feature with a preset target charge cut-off feature
  • the short circuit determination module 33 is used for determining that a short circuit has occurred in the battery when the charge cut-off characteristic does not match the preset target charge cut-off characteristic.
  • the monitoring module 31 is configured to monitor the change stability of the charge cutoff feature when the charge cutoff feature does not match the preset target charge cutoff feature
  • the charging time acquisition module is used to acquire the charging time corresponding to the charging cut-off feature in the stable stage of change
  • the short circuit determination module 33 is used for determining that a short circuit has occurred in the battery when the charging time is greater than or equal to the preset reference time.
  • the monitoring module 31 is configured to determine the change stable phase of the charge cut-off characteristic according to the change rate of the charge cut-off characteristic
  • the charging time recording module is used to obtain the charging time corresponding to the stable stage of change.
  • the monitoring module 31 is used to monitor the charge cut-off characteristics of the battery when it enters the terminal stage of charging.
  • the final stage of charging is the constant voltage charging stage
  • the charge cut-off feature includes the charge cut-off current
  • the preset target charge cut-off feature includes the preset target charge cut-off current
  • the comparison module 32 is used for when the charge cut-off current is greater than the preset target charge cut-off current, and the difference between the charge cut-off current and the preset target charge cut-off current is greater than or equal to the first preset difference. When it is determined that the charge cut-off feature does not match the preset target charge cut-off feature.
  • the charging duration obtaining module is used to obtain the charging duration of the constant voltage charging phase when the charging cut-off current matches the preset target charging cut-off current and at the end of the constant voltage charging phase;
  • the short circuit determination module 33 is used to determine the occurrence of a short circuit in the battery according to the charging time corresponding to the constant voltage charging stage.
  • determining the occurrence of a short circuit in the battery according to the charging time during the constant voltage charging stage includes:
  • the charging time acquisition module is used to acquire the charging time corresponding to the constant voltage charging stage when the saved battery is charged for the first time;
  • the device 30 for detecting a short circuit in the battery further includes a time difference calculation module, which is used to calculate the time difference between the charging time corresponding to the constant voltage charging phase and the charging time corresponding to the constant voltage charging phase when the battery is first charged;
  • the short-circuit determination module 33 is used to determine the occurrence in the battery when the difference between the charging duration corresponding to the constant voltage charging stage and the charging duration corresponding to the constant voltage charging stage when the battery is first charged is greater than or equal to the preset first duration difference. A short circuit.
  • the preset detection phase is the constant current charging phase corresponding to the final charging phase;
  • the charge cut-off characteristic includes the charge cut-off voltage; the preset target charge cut-off characteristic For the preset target charging cut-off voltage.
  • the comparison module 32 is used when the charge cut-off voltage is less than the preset target charge cut-off voltage, and the difference between the charge cut-off voltage and the preset target charge cut-off voltage is greater than or equal to the second preset difference , It is determined that the charge cut-off feature does not match the preset target charge cut-off feature.
  • the duration obtaining module is used to obtain the charging duration corresponding to at least one constant current charging stage in the saved segmented constant current charging mode when the charge cutoff voltage matches the preset target charge cutoff voltage;
  • the short circuit determination module 33 is used for determining the short circuit detection result of the battery according to the charging time corresponding to at least one constant current charging stage.
  • determining the short circuit detection result of the battery according to the charging duration corresponding to at least one constant current charging stage includes:
  • the duration acquisition module is used to acquire the charging duration corresponding to at least one constant current charging stage when the saved battery is charged for the first time;
  • the duration difference calculation module is used to calculate the difference between the charging duration corresponding to each constant current charging stage in at least one constant voltage charging stage and the charging duration corresponding to the constant voltage charging stage when the battery is first charged;
  • the short circuit determination module 33 is used for when the difference between the charging duration corresponding to each constant current charging stage in at least one constant voltage charging stage and the charging duration corresponding to the constant voltage charging stage when the battery is first charged is greater than or equal to a preset At the second time difference, it is determined that a short circuit has occurred in the battery.
  • This embodiment also proposes an electronic device 10, which includes a storage unit and a processing unit; the storage unit stores a detection program for short-circuit in the battery; the processing unit is used to execute the above-mentioned short-circuit detection program when running the short-circuit detection program in the battery. Steps of the detection method.
  • the electronic device 10 proposed in the present disclosure includes a battery, a charging circuit, a storage unit, and a processing unit; the storage unit is used to store a short-circuit detection program in the battery; the processing unit is used to run a short-circuit detection program in the battery and a short-circuit detection program in the battery When executed, run the above-mentioned detection method of short-circuit in the battery to detect the short-circuit in the battery.
  • the electronic device 10 may be configured in the form of the electronic device 4, and the electronic device 4 is represented in the form of a general-purpose computing device.
  • the components of the electronic device 4 may include, but are not limited to: the aforementioned at least one processing unit 42, the aforementioned at least one storage unit 41, and a bus 43 connecting different system components (including storage units and processing units), wherein the storage unit 41 stores program codes
  • the program code may be executed by the processing unit 42 so that the processing unit 42 executes the steps according to various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure described in the foregoing embodiment section of this specification.
  • the storage unit 41 may include a readable medium in the form of a volatile storage unit, such as a random access storage unit (RAM) 411 and/or a cache storage unit 412, and may further include a read-only storage unit (ROM) 413.
  • RAM random access storage unit
  • ROM read-only storage unit
  • the storage unit 41 may also include a program/utility tool 414 having a set (at least one) program module 415.
  • program module 415 includes but is not limited to: an operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules, and program data. Each of these examples or some combination may include the implementation of a network environment.
  • the bus 43 may represent one or more of several types of bus structures, including a storage unit bus or a storage unit controller, a peripheral bus, a graphics acceleration port, a processing unit, or a local area using any bus structure among multiple bus structures. bus.
  • the electronic device 4 may also communicate with one or more external devices 50 (such as keyboards, pointing devices, Bluetooth devices, etc.), and may also communicate with one or more devices that enable the user to interact with the electronic device 4, and/or communicate with Any device (such as a router, a modem, a display unit 44, etc.) that enables the electronic device 4 of the robot to communicate with one or more other computing devices. This communication can be performed through an input/output (I/O) interface 45.
  • the electronic device 4 of the robot may also communicate with one or more networks (for example, a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), and/or a public network, such as the Internet) through the network adapter 46. As shown in FIG.
  • the network adapter 46 communicates with other modules of the electronic device 4 of the robot through the bus 43. It should be understood that although not shown in FIG. 9, other hardware and/or software modules can be used in conjunction with the electronic device 4 of the robot, including but not limited to: microcode, device drivers, redundant processing units, external disk drive arrays, RAID systems , Tape drives and data backup storage systems.
  • the example embodiments described here can be implemented by software, or can be implemented by combining software with necessary hardware. Therefore, the technical solution according to the embodiments of the present disclosure can be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a non-volatile storage medium (which can be a CD-ROM, U disk, mobile hard disk, etc.) or on the network , Including several instructions to make a computing device (which may be a personal computer, a server, a terminal device, or a network device, etc.) execute the method according to the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • a computing device which may be a personal computer, a server, a terminal device, or a network device, etc.
  • a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, on which a program product capable of implementing the above method of this specification is stored.
  • various aspects of the present disclosure can also be implemented in the form of a program product, which includes program code.
  • the program product runs on a terminal device, the program code is used to make the terminal device execute the above-mentioned instructions in this specification. The steps according to various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are described in the example section.

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Abstract

一种电池内短路的检测方法与装置、电子设备。电池内短路的检测方法包括：监测电池的充电截止特征（S20）；比对充电截止特征与预设的目标充电截止特征（S21）；当充电截止特征与预设的目标充电截止特征不匹配时，确定电池内发生了短路（S22）。该方法提高了电池短路检测的准确性。

Description

电池内短路的检测方法与装置、电子设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2019年09月30日提交的申请号为201910943461.5、名称为“电池内短路的检测方法与装置、电子设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容通过引用全部并入本文。
技术领域
本公开涉及电子领域，特别涉及一种电池内短路的检测方法与装置、电子设备。
背景技术
电池的内短路主要包括外部因素引发的短路和电池内部结构变化而自引发的短路等。电池内部结构变化所自引发的短路具有一个漫长的演化过程，而在初期阶段，电池内所发生的微短路现象并不显著，因此如何有效而准确地检测出电池内微短路的发生，对于提高电池的使用安全性具有重要意义。
发明内容
根据本公开的第一方面，提出一种电池内短路的检测方法，包括：监测电池的充电截止特征；比对所述充电截止特征与预设的目标充电截止特征；当所述充电截止特征与所述预设的目标充电截止特征不匹配时，确定所述电池内发生了短路。
根据本公开的第二方面，提出一种电池内短路的检测装置，包括：监测模块，用于监测电池的充电截止特征；比对模块，用于比对所述充电截止特征与预设的目标充电截止特征；短路判定模块，用于当所述充电截止特征与所述预设的目标充电截止特征不匹配时，确定所述电池内发生了短路。
根据本公开的第三方面，提出一种电子设备，包括：存储单元，存储有电池内短路的检测程序；处理单元，用于在运行所述电池内短路的检测程序时，执行所述电池内短路的检测方法的步骤。
根据本公开的第四方面，提出一种计算机存储介质，所述计算机存储介质存储有电池内短路的检测程序，所述电池内短路的检测程序被至少一个处理器执行时实现所述电池内短路的检测方法的步骤。
附图说明
图1a是本公开电子设备一实施例的结构示意图；
图1b是本公开电子设备一电路结构框图；
图2是本公开电池内短路的检测方法一实施例的流程图；
图3是本公开电池内短路的检测方法另一实施例的流程图；
图4是当以恒流恒压充电模式充电时，本公开电池内短路的检测方法一实施例的流程图；
图5a是当电池内无短路时，以恒流恒压充电模式对电池充电时的充电电压、充电电流曲线；
图5b是当电池内发生了短路时，以恒流恒压充电模式对电池充电时的充电电压、充电电流曲线；
图6是当以分段恒流充电模式充电时，本公开电池内短路的检测方法一实施例的流程图；
图7是当电池内发生了短路时，以分段恒流充电模式充电对电池充电时的充电电压、 充电电流曲线；
图8是本公开电池内短路的检测装置一实施例的功能模块示意图；
图9是本公开电子设备的系统架构图。
具体实施方式
尽管本公开可以容易地表现为不同形式的实施方式，但在附图中示出并且在本说明书中将详细说明的仅仅是其中一些具体实施方式，同时可以理解的是本说明书应视为是本公开原理的示范性说明，而并非旨在将本公开限制到在此所说明的那样。
由此，本说明书中所指出的一个特征将用于说明本公开的一个实施方式的其中一个特征，而不是暗示本公开的每个实施方式必须具有所说明的特征。此外，应当注意的是本说明书描述了许多特征。尽管某些特征可以组合在一起以示出可能的系统设计，但是这些特征也可用于其他的未明确说明的组合。由此，除非另有说明，所说明的组合并非旨在限制。
在附图所示的实施方式中，方向的指示(诸如上、下、左、右、前和后)用于解释本公开的各种元件的结构和运动不是绝对的而是相对的。当这些元件处于附图所示的位置时，这些说明是合适的。如果这些元件的位置的说明发生改变时，则这些方向的指示也相应地改变。
现在将参考附图更全面地描述示例实施方式。然而，示例实施方式能够以多种形式实施，且不应被理解为限于在此阐述的范例；相反，提供这些示例实施方式使得本公开的描述将更加全面和完整，并将示例实施方式的构思全面地传达给本领域的技术人员。附图仅为本公开的示意性图解，并非一定是按比例绘制。图中相同的附图标记表示相同或类似的部分，因而将省略对它们的重复描述。
以下结合本说明书的附图，对本公开的较佳实施方式予以进一步地详尽阐述。
本公开实施例提出一种电池漏电流的检测方法，可应用于配置有电池供电系统的智能终端、移动终端设备中。待充电设备例如可以是终端或通信终端，该终端或通信终端包括但不限于被设置成经由有线线路连接，如经由公共交换电话网络(public switched telephone network，PSTN)、数字用户线路(digital subscriber line，DSL)、数字电缆、直接电缆连接，以及/或另一数据连接/网络和/或经由例如，针对蜂窝网络、无线局域网(wireless local area network，WLAN)、诸如手持数字视频广播(digital video broadcasting handheld，DVB-H)网络的数字电视网络、卫星网络、调幅-调频(amplitu demodulation-frequency modulation，AM-FM)广播发送器，以及/或另一通信终端的无线接口接收/发送通信信号的装置。被设置成通过无线接口通信的通信终端可以被称为“无线通信终端”、“无线终端”以及/或“智能终端”。智能终端的示例包括，但不限于卫星或蜂窝电话；可以组合蜂窝无线电电话与数据处理、传真以及数据通信能力的个人通信系统(personal communication system，PCS)终端；可以包括无线电电话、寻呼机、因特网/内联网接入、Web浏览器、记事簿、日历以及/或全球定位系统(global positioning system，GPS)接收器的个人数字助理(Personal Digital Assistant，PDA)；以及常规膝上型和/或掌上型接收器或包括无线电电话收发器的其它电子装置。此外，该终端还可以包括但不限于诸如电子书阅读器、智能穿戴设备、移动电源(如充电宝、旅充)、电子烟、无线鼠标、无线键盘、无线耳机、蓝牙音箱等具有充电功能的可充电电子设备。
请参阅图1a和图1b。电子设备可以包括后壳11、显示屏12、电路板、电池。需要说明的是，电子设备并不限于包括以上内容。其中，后壳11可以形成电子设备的外部轮廓。在一些实施例中，后壳11可以为金属后壳，比如镁合金、不锈钢等金属。需要说明的是，本申请实施例后壳11的材料并不限于此，还可以采用其它方式，比如：后壳11可以为塑胶后壳、陶瓷后壳、玻璃后壳等。
其中，显示屏12安装在后壳11中。显示屏12电连接至电路板上，以形成电子设备的显示面。在一些实施例中，电子设备的显示面可以设置非显示区域，比如：电子设备的顶端或/和底端可以形成非显示区域，即电子设备在显示屏12的上部或/和下部形成非显示区域，电子设备可以在非显示区域安装摄像头、受话器等器件。需要说明的是，电子设备的显示面也可以不设置非显示区域，即显示屏12可以为全面屏。可以将显示屏铺设在电子设备的整个显示面，以使得显示屏可以在电子设备的显示面进行全屏显示。
其中，显示屏12可以为液晶显示器，有机发光二极管显示器，电子墨水显示器，等离子显示器，使用其它显示技术的显示器中一种或者几种的组合。显示屏12可以包括触摸传感器阵列(即，显示屏12可以是触控显示屏)。触摸传感器可以是由透明的触摸传感器电极(例如氧化铟锡(ITO)电极)阵列形成的电容式触摸传感器，或者可以是使用其它触摸技术形成的触摸传感器，例如音波触控，压敏触摸，电阻触摸，光学触摸等，本申请实施例不作限制。
需要说明的是，在一些实施例中，可以在显示屏12上盖设一盖板，盖板可以覆盖在显示屏12上，对显示屏12进行保护。盖板可以为透明玻璃盖板，以便显示屏12透过盖板进行显示。在一些实施例中，盖板可以是用诸如蓝宝石等材料制成的玻璃盖板。在一些实施例中，显示屏12安装在后壳11上后，后壳11和显示屏12之间形成收纳空间，收纳空间可以收纳电子设备的器件，比如电路板、电池等。其中，电路板安装在后壳11中，电路板可以为电子设备的主板，电路板上可以集成有马达、麦克风、扬声器、耳机接口、通用串行总线接口、摄像头、距离传感器、环境光传感器、受话器以及处理单元等功能器件中的一个、两个或多个。
在一些实施例中，电路板可以固定在后壳11内。具体的，电路板可以通过螺钉螺接到后壳11上，也可以采用卡扣的方式卡配到后壳11上。需要说明的是，本申请实施例电路板具体固定到后壳11上的方式并不限于此，还可以其它方式，比如通过卡扣和螺钉共同固定的方式。其中，电池安装在后壳11中，电池11与电路板进行电连接，以向电子设备提供电源。后壳11可以作为电池的电池盖。后壳11覆盖电池以保护电池，减少电池由于电子设备的碰撞、跌落等而受到的损坏。
请参阅图2，图2为本申请实施例提供的电子设备的结构框图。电子设备可以包括存储和处理电路131，存储和处理电路131可以集成在电路板上。存储和处理电路131可以包括存储单元，例如硬盘驱动存储单元，非易失性存储单元(例如闪存或用于形成固态驱动器的其它电子可编程只读存储单元等)，易失性存储单元(例如静态或动态随机存取存储单元等)等，本申请实施例不作限制。存储和处理电路131中的处理电路可以用于控制电子设备的运转。处理电路可以基于一个或多个微处理单元，微控制器，数字信号处理单元，基带处理单元，功率管理单元，音频编解码器芯片，专用集成电路，显示驱动器集成电路等来实现。
存储和处理电路131可用于运行电子设备中的软件，例如互联网浏览应用程序，互联网协议语音(Voice over Internet Protocol，VOIP)电话呼叫应用程序，电子邮件应用程序，媒体播放应用程序，操作系统功能等。
电子设备可以包括输入-输出电路132，输入-输出电路132可以设置在电路板上。输入-输出电路132可用于使电子设备实现数据的输入和输出，即允许电子设备从外部设备接收数据和也允许电子设备将数据从电子设备输出至外部设备。输入-输出电路132可以进一步包括传感器1321。传感器1321可以包括环境光传感器，基于光和电容的接近传感器，触摸传感器(例如，基于光触摸传感器和/或电容式触摸传感器，其中，触摸传感器可以是触控显示屏的一部分，也可以作为一个触摸传感器结构独立使用)，加速度传感器，温度传感器，和其它传感器等。
电子设备可以包括电力管理电路和其它输入-输出单元1322。输入-输出单元可以包括 按钮，操纵杆，点击轮，滚动轮，触摸板，小键盘，键盘，照相机，发光二极管和其它状态指示器等。
用户可以通过输入-输出电路132输入命令来控制电子设备的操作，并且可以使用输入-输出电路132的输出数据以实现接收来自电子设备的状态信息和其它输出。
电子设备还包括充电电路133。充电电路133可以为电子设备的电芯14充电。充电电路133可以用于进一步的调节自适配器输入的充电电压和/或充电电流，以满足电池的充电需求。
电子设备配置有充电接口，充电接口123例如可以为USB 2.0接口、Micro USB接口或USB TYPE-C接口。在一些实施例中，充电接口还可以为lightning接口，或者其他任意类型的能够用于充电的并口或串口。该充电接口400通过数据线与适配器连接，适配器从市电获取电能，经过电压变换后，通过数据线传、充电接口400传输至充电电路，因此电能通过充电电路得以充入待充电电芯中。
本公开中的电池14包括外壳以及包裹在外壳内的电芯、电池保护板等组成。电池保护板是对电芯起保护作用的集成电路板。电池保护板上一般具有采样电路以及保护电路。电池14可包括单电芯或多电芯。电池14包括多电芯时，该多个电芯之间可为串联关系。由此，电池14可承受的充电电压为多个电芯可承受的充电电压之和，可提高充电速度，减少充电发热。
例如，以电子设备10为手机为例，当电子设备10的电池14包括单电芯时，内部的单节电芯的电压一般在3.0V～4.35V之间。而当电子设备10的电池14包括两节串联的电芯时，串联的两节电芯的总电压为6.0V-8.7V。由此，相比于单电芯，采用多节电芯串联时，充电电路133的输出电压可以提高。与单节电芯相比，达到同等的充电速度，多节电芯所需的充电电流约为单节电芯所需的充电电流的1/N(N为电子设备10内的相互串联的电芯的数目)。换句话说，在保证同等充电速度(充电电流相同)的前提下，采用多节电芯的方案，可以降低充电电流的大小，从而减少电子设备10在充电过程的发热量。另一方面，与单电芯方案相比，在充电电流保持相同的情况下，采用多电芯串联方案，可提高充电电压，从而提高充电速度。
下面描述一下相关技术中为电子设备10充电的相关适配器。
相关技术中，适配器可以以恒压模式工作，其输出的电压基本维持恒定，比如5V、9V、12V或20V等。输出的电流可以为脉动直流电流(方向不变、幅值大小随时间变化)、交流电流(方向和幅值大小均随时间变化)或恒定直流电流(方向和幅值均不随时间变化)。相关适配器输出的电压并不适合直接加载到电池的两端，而是需要先经过电子设备10内的变换电路进行变换，以得到电子设备10内的电池所预期的充电电压和/或充电电流。
适配器还可以采用电压跟随的方式工作。即适配器和待充电的电子设备10进行双向通信，适配器根据电子设备10反馈所需的充电电压和充电电流，从而调整自身输出的电压和电流，使得输出的电压和电流可以直接加载到电子设备10的电池上，为电池充电，电子设备10无需再次再调整充电电压和充电电流。
变换电路可在不同的充电阶段控制电池的充电电压和/或充电电流。例如，在恒流充电阶段，变换电路可以利用电流反馈环使得进入到电池的电流大小满足电池所预期的第一充电电流的大小。在恒压充电阶段，变换电路可以利用电压反馈环使得加载到电池两端的电压的大小满足电池所预期的充电电压的大小。在涓流充电阶段，变换电路可以利用电流反馈环使得进入到电池的电流大小满足电池所预期的第二充电电流的大小(第二充电电流小于第一充电电流)。
比如，当相关适配器输出的电压大于电池所预期的充电电压时，变换电路用于对相关适配器输出的电压进行降压变换处理，以使经降压转换后得到的充电电压的大小满足电池所预期的充电电压的大小。
对电子设备10的电池的充电模式大致有“普通充电模式”、“快速充电模式”。普通充电模式是指适配器输出相对较小的电流值(通常小于2.5A)或者以相对较小的功率(通常小于15W)来对待充电设备中的电池进行充电。在普通充电模式下想要完全充满一较大容量电池(如3000毫安时容量的电池)，通常需要花费数个小时的时间。快速充电模式则是指适配器能够输出相对较大的电流(通常大于2.5A，比如4.5A，5A甚至更高)或者以相对较大的功率(通常大于等于15W)来对待充电设备中的电池进行充电。相较于普通充电模式而言，适配器在快速充电模式下的充电速度更快，完全充满相同容量电池所需要的充电时间能够明显缩短。
下面分别对相关技术中的无线充电系统与有线充电系统进行介绍。
无线充电过程中，一般将电源提供装置(如适配器)与无线充电装置(如无线充电底座)相连，并通过该无线充电装置将电源提供装置的输出功率以无线的方式(如电磁信号或电磁波)传输至电子设备10，对电子设备10进行无线充电。
按照无线充电原理不同，无线充电方式主要分为磁耦合(或电磁感应)、磁共振以及无线电波三种方式。目前，主流的无线充电标准包括QI标准、电源实物联盟(Power Matters Alliance,PMA)标准、无线电源联盟(Alliance for Wireless Power,A4WP)。QI标准和PMA标准均采用磁耦合方式进行无线充电。A4WP标准采用磁共振方式进行无线充电。
有线充电过程中，一般将电源提供装置(如适配器)通过线缆与电子设备10相连，通过电缆将电源提供装置提供的电能传输至电子设备10，以为电子设备10充电。
下面描述一下目前主流的恒流恒压(CCCV)充电方式，该充电方式适用于有线充电和无线充电。
电池的充电过程可以包括：涓流充电阶段(或模式)、恒流充电阶段(或模式)、恒压充电阶段(或模式)及补充充电阶段(或模式)。
在涓流充电阶段，先对完全放电的电池进行预充电(即恢复性充电)，涓流充电电流通常是恒流充电电流的十分之一，当电池电压上升到涓流充电电压阈值以上时，提高充电电流进入恒流充电阶段。
在恒流充电阶段，以恒定电流对电池进行充电，充电电压快速上升，当充电电压达到电池所预期的充电电压阈值时转入恒压充电阶段。该恒定电流常用的是一额定的充电倍率电流，如大倍率3C电流，其中C为电池容量。假设电池容量为1700mAh，则该恒定电流为3*1700mA＝5.1A。
在恒压充电阶段，以恒定电压对电池进行充电，充电电流逐渐减小，当充电电流降低至设定的电流阈值时，电池被充满电。在CCCV充电方式中，该电流阈值通常被设定为0.01C，其中C为电池容量。仍假设电池容量为1700mAh，则该电流阈值为0.01*1700mA＝17mA。
电池被充满电后，由于电池自放电的影响，会产生部分电流损耗，此时转入补充充电阶段。在补充充电阶段，充电电流很小，仅仅为了保证电池在满电量状态。
需要说明的是恒流充电阶段并非要求充电电流保持完全恒定不变，例如可以是泛指充电电流的峰值或均值在一段时间内保持不变。实际中，恒流充电阶段可以采用分段恒流充电(Multi-stage constant current charging)的方式进行充电。
分段恒流充电可具有M个恒流阶段(M为一个不小于2的整数)，分段恒流充电以预定的充电电流开始第一阶段充电，分段恒流充电的M个恒流阶段从第一阶段到第M个阶段依次被执行，当恒流阶段中的前一个恒流阶段转到下一个恒流阶段后，电流大小可变小；当电池电压达到充电终止电压阈值时，恒流阶段中的前一个恒流阶段会转到下一个恒流阶段。相邻两个恒流阶段之间的电流转换过程可以是渐变的，也可以是台阶式的跳跃变化。
对于包含单个电芯的电子设备10，当使用较大的充电电流为单节电芯充电时，电子 设备10的发热现象比较严重。为了保证电子设备10的充电速度，并缓解电子设备10在充电过程中的发热现象，可对电池结构进行改造，使用相互串联的多节电芯，并对该多节电芯进行直充，即直接将适配器输出的电压加载到包含多节电芯的电池单元的两端。与单电芯方案相比(即认为改进前的单电芯的容量与改进后串联多节电芯的总容量相同)，如果要达到相同的充电速度，多节电芯所需的充电电流约为单节电芯所需的充电电流的1/N(N为串联的电芯的数目)，换句话说，在保证同等充电速度的前提下，多节电芯串联可以大幅降低充电电流的大小，从而进一步减小电子设备10在充电过程中的发热量。
本公开提出一种电池内短路的检测方法，图2示出了短路检测方法的流程图。具体的，电池内短路的检测方法包括：
步骤S20，监测电池的充电截止特征。
电子设备10可以通过上述提及的有线和无线方式进行充电。以恒流恒压充电模式对电池充电为例，随着对电池充电的进行，电池的充电电流会逐渐下降至截止电流，电池的充电电压会逐渐上升至截止电压，电池的荷电状态会逐渐上升至1。本实施例中，电池的充电截止特征可以是电池的充电截止电压、充电截止电流、荷电状态、内阻、开路电压等。在电池的保护板上可以设置与电池电连接的电量计以及电压、电流检测电路或检测装置，以对电池的充电截止特征进行监测。
监测电池的充电截止特征的频率可以是以固定的检测频率进行，检测的频率可以根据电子设备10处理单元的工作频率进行设置，当然也可以以随机检测的方式进行。
为了减少数据处理资源消耗以及提高检测的准确性，本实施例中设置监控电池的充电截止特征包括：
步骤S201，当进入至充电末期阶段，监控电池的充电截止特征。
预设的检测阶段为充电末期阶段。一方面是由于电池的截止电流和截止电压均会在电池的充电末期阶段才能够体现，过早的检测会造成数据处理资源不必要消耗。另一方面，在电池以恒流充电的过程中，电池恒流充电时，充电的初期或中期，电池的电压可能会上升超过截止电压，但是此时的电压并非是电池的真正电压，因此可能会带来短路检测结果的不准性。因此本实施例通过在充电末期阶段开始进行获取电池的充电截止特征以避免电池充电状态特征不稳定所造成的短路检测误差，从而提高了短路检测的准确性。
可以根据不同的充电模式以界定上述充电末期阶段，在一实施例中，电池的充电模式所对应的完整充电过程至少包括依次进行的两个充电阶段；充电末期阶段为临近充电截止点的第一个充电阶段和/或第二个充电阶段。例如对应于恒流恒压充电模式，充电阶段依次为恒流阶段、恒压阶段、涓流阶段。此时充电末期阶段可以为恒压充电阶段和/或涓流充电阶段。
具体的，可以通过以下步骤确定充电末期阶段。当电池充电阶段进入至预设的充电末期阶段时，监测电池的充电截止特征包括：
获取当前充电模式；
根据预设的充电模式与充电末期阶段的对应关系，确定与当前充电模式所对应的充电末期阶段作为预设的充电末期阶段；
监测电池的充电进程，当电池的充电进程进入预设的充电末期阶段时，监测电池的充电截止特征。
预设的充电模式与充电末期阶段的对应关系是预存在电子设备10内的，在需要进行短路检测时，根据当前的充电模式查找相应的充电末期阶段。
然而，以类似恒流恒压充电模式的充电模式对电池充电时，这种充电模式可能仅有单一充电模式或以同一种充电模式通过改变充电参数对电池充电时，可以通过以下两种实施例界定上述充电末期阶段。
在一实施例中，充电末期阶段是电池的电压大于或等于第一预设电压阈值所对应的充 电阶段。第一阈值电压可以为充电截止电压的80％～95％。
在另一实施例中，充电末期阶段是电池的荷电状态大于或等于第一预设荷电状态阈值所对应的充电阶段。第一预设荷电状态阈值可以为80％～95％。
电池内短路的检测方法进一步包括：
步骤S21，比对充电截止特征与预设的目标充电截止特征；
步骤S22，当充电截止特征与预设的目标充电截止特征不匹配时，确定电池内发生了短路。
在此，预设的目标充电截止特征可以理解为在电池内无短路条件下，电池所具有的充电截止特征。预设的目标充电截止特征与充电截止特征具有同样的量纲。预设的目标充电截止特征可以在电池出厂前通过试验对电池进行测定以得到，并将得到的预设的目标充电截止特征保存在电子设备10内。预设的目标充电截止特征也可以是在电池出厂后进行测定并直接保存在电子设备10内。
预设的目标充电截止特征是基于没有发生内部短路的电池测试而生成，通过试验测定其在充电末期所能达到的截止电流或截止电压，以得到目标截止电流和目标截止电压存储于电子设备10内作为参照，并通过调用电池的充电截止特征进行比对，以判定电池内是否发生了短路。当电池内发生了短路时，由于短路电流的存在，所以会造成在在充电末期，充电截止特征无法达到预设的目标充电截止特征。
在确定了发生了短路后，在短路电流较小的情况下，可以通过增大检测短路的频率以加强对电池短路情况的监测，一旦电池的短路电流增大到触发阈值，则触发电子设备10调用相应的程序采取措施，例如限制电池的使用，发出提醒更换电池的信息等。
由于短路电流的存在，在充电末期电池的充电截止电流无法降低至目标充电截止电流以下；或由于短路电流伴随着的电压损耗，造成在充电临近结束时，电池的充电截止电压无法达到或超过目标充电截止电压以上。
在本实施例中，根据充电模式的不同，“不匹配”的解释是根据充电模式以及根据充电截止特征的类型而确定的。例如，在恒流恒压充电模式下，充电截止特征可以是充电截止电流，此时“不匹配”可以是指充电截止电流无法下降至目标充电截止特征。在分段恒流恒压充电模式下，充电截止特征可以是充电截止电压，此时“不匹配”可以是指充电截止电压无法升高至目标充电截止电压。
需要补充的是，上述实施例中分别以电池的充电状态为电池的截止电流和截止电压在电池内发生了短路和没有发生短路时的区别为例进行说明，当然还能够以电池的荷电状态、内阻等充电截止特征为参考因素，判断电池内有无发生短路。
进一步的，为了提高短路检测的准确性，本实施例中将电池的充电截止特征与充电截止特征的变化稳定性进行结合，以共同判定短路的发生情况，避免突发的扰动、噪音等造成充电截止特征出现短暂的异常，从而造成检测结果的误判。请参阅图3，具体的，当充电截止特征与预设的目标充电截止特征不匹配时，确定电池内发生了短路，包括：
步骤S221，当充电截止特征与预设的目标充电截止特征不匹配时，监测充电截止特征的变化稳定性；
步骤S222，当充电截止特征变化稳定时，获取充电截止特征在变化稳定阶段所对应的充电时长；
步骤S223，当充电截止特征在变化稳定阶段所对应的充电时长大于或等于预设的基准时长时，确定电池内发生了短路。
通过监测充电截止特征的变化稳定性，能够判定出充电截止特征是否达到了稳定，基于一个稳定的充电截止特征判断短路发生情况能够有效的保证短路判定结果。
在此预设的基准时长可以设置一较长的值，以待充电截止特征稳定。具体的可以大于1min，优选为10min。
在一实施例中，通过监测电池的充电截止特征的变化率来判定充电截止特征的变化稳定性。具体的，当充电截止特征未达到预设的目标充电截止特征时，监测充电截止特征的变化稳定性包括：
当充电截止特征未达到预设的目标充电截止特征时，监测电池的充电截止特征的变化率；
当充电截止特征的变化率持续小于或等于第一变化率阈值时，则充电截止特征变化稳定。
充电截止特征的变化率可以为获取的相邻两次获取的充电截止特征的变化率差值。当充电截止电流变化稳定时，电池的充电截止电流体现为一条趋于水平的直线。
通过以上实施例的阐述，针对相关技术中的充电模式，例如恒流恒压充电模式、分段恒流充电模式、VOOC充电模式、脉冲充电模式等均能够根据上述实施例中陈述的步骤进行电池的短路检测。以下实施例中，分别针对在恒流恒压充电模式、分段恒流充电模式下对电池充电时的短路检测方案的实施例。
首先针对恒流恒压充电模式，以恒流恒压充电模式对电池充电时，充电末期阶段为恒压充电阶段，充电截止特征包括充电截止电流，预设的目标充电截止特征包括目标充电截止电流。
请参阅图4，图4示出了当以恒流恒压充电模式充电时，本公开电池内短路的检测方法一实施例的流程图。此时，电池内短路的检测方法为：
步骤S202，当进入至恒压充电阶段，监测电池的充电截止电流；
步骤S211，比对充电截止电流与预设的目标充电截止电流；
步骤S2211，当充电截止电流达不到预设的目标充电截止电流时，监测充电截止电流的变化稳定性；
步骤S2221，当获取充电截止电流变化稳定时，获取充电截止电流在变化稳定阶段所对应的充电时长；
步骤S2231，当充电时长大于或等于预设的基准时长时，确定电池内发生了短路。
图5a示出了以恒流恒压充电模式进行充电时，并在电池内无短路发生时，电池的充电电流随时间变化的曲线。图中示出，在充电末期，电池的截止电流已经趋近于0。图5b示出了在电池内有短路发生时，在充电过程中，电池的电流随时间变化的曲线。图中示出，在充电末期，电池的截止电流保持在It无法下降。此时电池的短路电流大致为It。在恒流恒压充电模式中，电池充满时理论的截止电流为0。在实际应用中，电池一般会以一个很小的截止电流截止，比如0.02C，此时认为该电池已经充满。
无论是通过软件检测或是通过硬件电路对电池电压的检测均能够有效的检测出充电阶段由恒流充电阶段进入到恒压充电阶段的切换。当进入恒压充电阶段后，电池的充电电压趋于稳定，电池的充电电流逐渐下降，若电池内无短路发生时，在恒压充电阶段内，电池的电流能够下降至电池的截止电流以下。
预设的目标充电截止电流可以是0.2C，也可以是一大于0的值。当进入恒压充电阶段时，适配器以一恒定的电压对电池进行充电，此时电池的充电电流会逐渐下降，电池降至某一电流值而无法继续下降时，此时记录在该电流值下的持续充电时间，若是该持续时间达到预设的基准时长时，则表示电池内因有短路电流发生而造成电池的充电电流无法下降至目标充电截止电流。
在此考虑到预设的目标充电截止电流的测定结果存在系统误差情况，可以以预设的目标充电截止电流为基准上下浮动一允许的差异，若充电截止电流在该差异之内时，可以认为充电截止电流达到了预设的目标充电截止电流；若充电截止电流在该差异之外时，可以认为充电截止电流达不到预设的目标充电截止电流。
因此，本实施例中，当充电截止电流大于预设的目标充电截止电流，且充电截止电流 与预设的目标充电截止电流的差值大于或等于第一预设差值时，确定充电截止特征与预设的目标充电截止特征不匹配。第一预设差值在此为一大于0的值。
进一步的，在相关技术中，若是电池内的短路电流很微小，甚至小于设置的预设充电截止电流时，则很难被检测出。然而本实施例通过充电截止特征结合恒压充电阶段所对应的充电时长来有效的检测出小于电池充电截止电流的短路电流，以提高检测电池内短路的敏感性。
继续参阅图4。具体的，比对充电截止特征与预设的目标充电截止特征之后还包括：
步骤S231，当充电截止电流与预设的目标充电截止电流匹配时，在恒压充电阶段结束时，获取恒压充电阶段的充电时长；
步骤S241，根据恒压充电阶段所对应的充电时长，确定电池内的短路发生情况。
在一实施例中，可以预设一充电时长评估值，用于与恒压充电阶段的充电时长进行比对，当恒压充电阶段的充电时长大于或等于预设充电时长评估值时，表示此时短路电流虽然很小但是仍然存在，由于一部分电流通过短路形式发生了泄漏，从而造成电池在恒压阶段的充电时长被延长。
在本实施例中，是以电池首次充电时对应于恒压充电阶段的充电时长为基准以与恒压充电阶段的充电时长进行比对，根据比对结果判定短路发生情况，具体的，根据恒压充电阶段的充电时长，确定电池内短路发生情况包括：
获取保存的电池首次充电时对应于恒压充电阶段的充电时长；
计算恒压充电阶段的充电时长与电池首次充电时对应于恒压充电阶段的充电时长的差值；
当恒压充电阶段的充电时长与电池首次充电时对应于恒压充电阶段的充电时长的差值大于或等于预设的第一时长差值时，确定电池内发生了短路。
表1示出了在电池首次充电时对应于恒压充电阶段的充电时长为10分钟，而在第N个充电循环中，恒压充电时间升高至85分钟，随着电池老化程度的加剧，相应在恒压充电阶段的充电时长也相应增加。因此本实施例中预设的第一基准充电时长设定为较长的时间，例如设定为60分钟以上，以排除电池老化导致误判电池内短路的可能。
表1
首次充电时，恒压充电阶段对应的充电时间 10min
第N个充电循环中，恒压充电阶段对应的充电时间 85min
本实施例充分考虑到电池自身性能的特异性，以电池首次充电时对应于恒压充电阶段的充电时长作为基准，以与恒压充电阶段的充电时长进行比对，从而用于判断电池是否由于发生了短路而造成充电时间的延长，进而提高了短路检测的准确性。
在本实施例中，若在恒压充电阶段，电池的充电电流能够达到截止电流，甚至是截止电流以下，此时可以进一步通过在恒压阶段的充电时长来判断是否有短路发生。当恒压充电阶段的充电时长大于或等于预设的第一基准充电时长阈值时，表示此时短路电流虽然很小但是仍然存在，由于一部分电流通过短路形式发生了泄漏，从而造成电池在恒压阶段的充电时长被延长，由此得以检测出短路电流极其微小的情况。本实施例实现了提高检测电池内短路的敏感性。
对比相关技术中一短路检测方案：通过采集电子设备10的电池在充电过程中的充电电量和充电时长；基于充电电量和充电时长，计算电池的短路电流值。但是当电池老化情况下，电池内阻增大，可逆容量减少，因而电池的充点容量下降，同时充电时间可能会加长的情况，从而使用这种方案容易造成误判的可能。
本实施例技术方案中通过将充电截止特征与恒压充电阶段的充电时长进行结合来有效的检测出小于电池充电截止电流的短路电流，同时设置较大的第一基准充电时长，以降低或排除电池老化情况对短路检测的干扰。因此本实施例具有较高的短路检测的准确性， 能够降低误判率。
针对分段恒流充电模式，以分段恒流充电模式对电池充电时，预设的检测阶段为充电末期阶段所对应的恒流充电阶段；充电截止特征包括充电截止电压；预设的目标充电截止特征为预设的目标充电截止电压。
图6是当以分段恒流充电模式充电时，本公开电池内短路的检测方法一实施例的流程图；此时，电池内短路的检测方法为：
步骤S203，当进入至充电末期阶段，监测电池的充电截止电压；
步骤S211，比对充电截止电压与预设的目标充电截止电压；
步骤S2212，当充电截止电压达不到预设的目标充电截止电压时，监测充电截止电压的变化稳定性；
步骤S2222，当获取充电截止电流变化稳定时，获取充电截止电压在变化稳定阶段所对应的充电时长；
步骤S2232，当充电截止电压在变化稳定阶段所对应的充电时长大于或等于预设的基准时长时，确定电池内发生了短路。
图7示出了在以分段恒流模式进行充电，且电池内有短路发生时，在充电过程中，电池的电压随时间变化的曲线。图中示出，在充电末期，电池的截止电压仍旧无法达到预设的目标截止电压。而当电池内无短路发生时，在充电末期，电池的截止电压是能够达到预设的目标截止电压的。
在以分段恒流充电模式分为多个恒流充电阶段，每个恒流充电阶段所对应的电池电压不同。通过监测电池电压，当电池的电压达到某一电压后，则会触发充电电流切换，以进入下一个恒流充电阶段。
在此充电末期阶段可以是电池的电压大于或等于第一预设电压阈值所对应的充电阶段。第一阈值电压可以为充电截止电压的80％～95％。也可以是电池的荷电状态大于或等于第一预设荷电状态阈值所对应的充电阶段。第一预设荷电状态阈值可以为80％～95％。
在此考虑到预设的目标充电截止电压的测定结果存在系统误差情况，可以以预设的目标充电截止电压为基准上下浮动一允许的差异，若充电截止电压在该差异之内时，可以认为充电截止电压达到了预设的目标充电截止电压；若充电截止电压在该差异之外时，可以认为充电截止电压达不到预设的目标充电截止电压。
在本实施例中，当充电截止电压小于预设的目标充电截止电压，且充电截止电压与预设的目标充电截止电压的差值大于或等于第二预设差值时，确定充电截止特征与预设的目标充电截止特征不匹配。在此设置第二预设差值可以为一大于0的值。
进一步的，针对分段恒流充电模式，本实施例通过将充电截止特征结合恒压充电阶段的充电时长来有效的检测出小于电池充电截止电流的短路电流，从而提高了检测电池内短路的敏感性。具体的，
比对充电截止特征与预设的目标充电截止特征之后还包括：
步骤S232，当充电截止电压与预设的目标充电截止电压匹配时，获取所保存的分段恒流充电模式中至少一恒流充电阶段所对应的充电时长；
步骤S242，根据至少一恒流充电阶段所对应的充电时长，确定电池的短路检测结果。
在本实施例中，例如在分段恒流充电末期，电池的充电截止电压能够达到目标充电截止电压，甚至是截止电压以上。为了避免由于短路电流过小而不足以影响到充电截止电压时，此时可以进一步通过在某一恒流充电阶段的充电时长来判断是否有短路发生。
在一实施例中，当某一恒流充电阶段的充电时长大于或等于预设的充电时长评估值时，表示此时短路电流虽然很小但是仍然存在，由于一部分电流通过短路形式发生了泄漏，从而造成电池电压在该充电恒流阶段达到预设电压值的时间被延长。具体的，对于分段恒流充电模式中的多个恒流充电阶段，可以从中选择一个恒流充电阶段所对应的充电时长与该 恒流充电阶段对应的充电时长评估值进行比对，从而得到一个比对结果。也可以对所有的多个恒流充电阶段所对应的充电时长分别与相应的充电时长评估值进行比对，从而得到与恒流充电阶段数量对应的比对结果；进而在根据这多个比对结果确定最终的电池短路情况。
在本实施例中，是以电池首次充电时对应于恒流充电阶段的充电时长为基准以与恒流充电阶段的充电时长进行比对，根据比对结果判定短路发生情况。具体的，根据至少一恒流充电阶段所对应的充电时长，确定电池的短路检测结果包括：
获取保存的电池首次充电时对应于至少一恒流充电阶段的充电时长；
分别计算至少一恒压充电阶段中每个恒流充电阶段所对应的充电时长与电池首次充电时对应于该恒压充电阶段的充电时长的时长差值；
当至少一恒压充电阶段中每个恒流充电阶段所对应的充电时长与电池首次充电时对应于该恒压充电阶段的充电时长的时长差值大于或等于预设的第二时长差值时，确定电池内发生了短路。
可以理解的是，用于比较时长的本次充电周期的恒流充电阶段，与电池首次充电时的恒流充电阶段是对应的。例如用于比较时长的本次充电周期的恒流充电阶段是以电流I1充电至电池电压4.2V的充电阶段，则相应的比较对象为池首次充电时以电流I1充电至电池电压4.2V的恒流充电阶段。
表2中可以看出随着电池老化的发生，每个恒流阶段所对应的充电时长均比首次充电时该恒流阶段所对应的充电时长更长。为了排除电池老化导致误判的可能，本实施例中，预设的第二时长差值设定为较长的时间，例如设定为60分钟以上。
并且，随着充电的进行，充电电流一般是由大到小的变化规律，大电流恒流充电阶段的充电时间一般要小于小电流恒流充电阶段所对应的充电时间，因此本实施例中设置至少一恒流充电阶段中越靠近充电起始点的恒流充电阶段所对应的第二时长差值越短。
表2
首次充电时，以I1充电至电池电压4.2V的充电时间 5min
在第M个充电循环中，以I1充电至电池电压4.2V的充电时间 11min
首次充电时，以I2充电至电池电压4.3V的充电时间 20min
在第M个充电循环中，以I2充电至电池电压4.3V的充电时间 29min
首次充电时，以I3充电至电池电压4.4V的充电时间 34min
在第M个充电循环中，以I3充电至电池电压4.4V的充电时间 46min
本实施例充分考虑到电池自身性能的特异性，以电池首次充电时对应于恒流充电阶段的充电时长作为基准，以与恒流充电阶段的充电时长进行比对，从而用于判断电池是否由于发生了短路而造成充电时间的延长，进而提高了短路检测的准确性。
在本实施例中，若在分段恒流充电末期，电池的充电截止电压能够达到预设的截止充电电压，甚至是预设的截止充电电压以上，此时可以进一步通过在恒流阶段的充电时长来判断是否有短路发生。当当至少一恒压充电阶段中每个恒流充电阶段所对应的充电时长与电池首次充电时对应于该恒压充电阶段的充电时长的时长差值大于或等于预设的第二时长差值时，表示此时短路电流虽然很小但是仍然存在，由于一部分电流通过短路形式发生了泄漏，从而造成电池在恒流充电阶段的充电时长被延长，由此得以检测出短路电流极其微小的情况。本实施例实现了提高检测电池内短路的敏感性。
本实施例所提出的电池内短路的检测方法通过在当充电阶段进入至预设的充电末期阶段时，监测电池的充电截止特征；通过比对预设的目标充电截止特征与充电截止特征，以判定电池内是否发生了短路，因此本实施例能够有效地判定出电池内的短路发生情况。且本实施例能够在每次的充电过程中均能够进行短路检测，而无需通过在若干次充电过程中进行特征提取比对以判定电池短路。由此本实施例能够避免多次特征提取所带来的误差，因此本实施例具有较高的短路检测准确性以及快速性。
并且，本实施例的检测方案能够兼顾单体电池以及电池组的内的短路检测，增强了电池短路检测的适用性。
并且，本实施例的检测方案通过充电截止特征结合恒压充电阶段的充电时长，从而能够有效的检测出小于电池充电截止电流的短路电流，提高了检测短路电流的敏感性。
由此，本实施例方案的电池内短路的检测方法具有较高的短路检测准确性、检测快速性以及较强的适用性。
请参阅图8，本实施例还提出一种电池内短路的检测装置30，关于电池内短路的检测装置30的实施例请参阅电池内短路的检测方法的实施例。电池内短路的检测装置30包括：监测模块31，用于监测电池的充电截止特征；
比对模块32，用于比对充电截止特征与预设的目标充电截止特征；
短路判定模块33，用于当充电截止特征与预设的目标充电截止特征不匹配时，确定电池内发生了短路。
在一实施例中，监测模块31，用于当充电截止特征与预设的目标充电截止特征不匹配时，监测充电截止特征的变化稳定性；
充电时长获取模块，用于获取充电截止特征在变化稳定阶段所对应的充电时长；
短路判定模块33，用于当充电时长大于或等于预设的基准时长时，确定电池内发生了短路。
在一实施例中，监测模块31，用于根据充电截止特征的变化率，确定充电截止特征的变化稳定阶段；
充电时长记录模块，用于获取变化稳定阶段所对应的充电时长。
在一实施例中，监测模块31用于当进入至充电末期阶段，监测电池的充电截止特征。
在一实施例中，以恒流恒压充电模式对电池充电时，充电末期阶段为恒压充电阶段，充电截止特征包括充电截止电流，预设的目标充电截止特征包括预设的目标充电截止电流。
在一实施例中，比对模块32，用于当充电截止电流大于预设的目标充电截止电流，且充电截止电流与预设的目标充电截止电流的差值大于或等于第一预设差值时，确定充电截止特征与预设的目标充电截止特征不匹配。
在一实施例中，充电时长获取模块用于当充电截止电流与预设的目标充电截止电流匹配时，在恒压充电阶段结束时，获取恒压充电阶段的充电时长；
短路判定模块33，用于根据恒压充电阶段所对应的充电时长，确定电池内的短路发生情况。
在一实施例中，根据在恒压充电阶段的充电时长，确定电池内的短路发生情况包括：
充电时长获取模块用于获取保存的电池首次充电时对应于恒压充电阶段的充电时长；
电池内短路的检测装置30还包括时长差值计算模块，时长差值计算模块用于计算恒压充电阶段所对应充电时长与电池首次充电时对应于恒压充电阶段的充电时长的时长差值；
短路判定模块33用于当恒压充电阶段所对应充电时长与电池首次充电时对应于恒压充电阶段的充电时长的时长差值大于或等于预设的第一时长差值时，确定电池内发生了短路。
在一实施例中，以分段恒流充电模式对电池充电时，预设的检测阶段为充电末期阶段所对应的恒流充电阶段；充电截止特征包括充电截止电压；预设的目标充电截止特征为预设的目标充电截止电压。
在一实施例中，比对模块32用于当充电截止电压小于预设的目标充电截止电压，且充电截止电压与预设的目标充电截止电压的差值大于或等于第二预设差值时，确定充电截止特征与预设的目标充电截止特征不匹配。
在一实施例中，时长获取模块用于当充电截止电压与预设的目标充电截止电压匹配时，获取所保存的分段恒流充电模式中至少一恒流充电阶段所对应的充电时长；
短路判定模块33，用于根据至少一恒流充电阶段所对应的充电时长，确定电池的短路检测结果。
在一实施例中，根据至少一恒流充电阶段所对应的充电时长，确定电池的短路检测结果包括：
时长获取模块，用于获取保存的电池首次充电时对应于至少一恒流充电阶段的充电时长；
时长差值计算模块用于分别计算至少一恒压充电阶段中每个恒流充电阶段所对应的充电时长与电池首次充电时对应于该恒压充电阶段的充电时长的时长差值；
短路判定模块33用于当至少一恒压充电阶段中每个恒流充电阶段所对应的充电时长与电池首次充电时对应于该恒压充电阶段的充电时长的时长差值大于或等于预设的第二时长差值时，确定电池内发生了短路。
本实施例还提出一种电子设备10，包括存储单元、处理单元；存储单元上存储有电池内短路的检测程序；处理单元用于在运行电池内短路的检测程序时，执行上述电池内短路的检测方法的步骤。
本公开所提出的电子设备10包括电池、充电电路、存储单元、处理单元；存储单元用于存储电池内短路的检测程序；处理单元用于运行电池内短路的检测程序，电池内短路的检测程序被执行时，运行上述的电池内短路的检测方法，以进行电池内短路的检测。
请参阅图9，电子设备10可以被配置为电子设备4的形式，电子设备4以通用计算设备的形式表现。电子设备4的组件可以包括但不限于：上述至少一个处理单元42、上述至少一个存储单元41、连接不同系统组件(包括存储单元和处理单元)的总线43，其中，存储单元41存储有程序代码，程序代码可以被处理单元42执行，使得处理单元42执行本说明书上述实施例部分中描述的根据本公开各种示例性实施方式的步骤。
存储单元41可以包括易失性存储单元形式的可读介质，例如随机存取存储单元(RAM)411和/或高速缓存存储单元412，还可以进一步包括只读存储单元(ROM)413。
存储单元41还可以包括具有一组(至少一个)程序模块415的程序/实用工具414，这样的程序模块415包括但不限于：操作系统、一个或者多个应用程序、其它程序模块以及程序数据，这些示例中的每一个或某种组合中可能包括网络环境的实现。
总线43可以为表示几类总线结构中的一种或多种，包括存储单元总线或者存储单元控制器、外围总线、图形加速端口、处理单元或者使用多种总线结构中的任意总线结构的局域总线。
电子设备4也可以与一个或多个外部设备50(例如键盘、指向设备、蓝牙设备等)通信，还可与一个或者多个使得用户能与该电子设备4交互的设备通信，和/或与使得该机器人的电子设备4能与一个或多个其它计算设备进行通信的任何设备(例如路由器、调制解调器、显示单元44等等)通信。这种通信可以通过输入/输出(I/O)接口45进行。并且，机器人的电子设备4还可以通过网络适配器46与一个或者多个网络(例如局域网(LAN)，广域网(WAN)和/或公共网络，例如因特网)通信。如图7所示，网络适配器46通过总线43与机器人的电子设备4的其它模块通信。应当明白，尽管图9中未示出，可以结合机器人的电子设备4使用其它硬件和/或软件模块，包括但不限于：微代码、设备驱动器、冗余处理单元、外部磁盘驱动阵列、RAID系统、磁带驱动器以及数据备份存储系统等。
通过以上的实施方式的描述，本领域的技术人员易于理解，这里描述的示例实施方式可以通过软件实现，也可以通过软件结合必要的硬件的方式来实现。因此，根据本公开实施方式的技术方案可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该软件产品可以存储在一个非易失性 存储介质(可以是CD-ROM，U盘，移动硬盘等)中或网络上，包括若干指令以使得一台计算设备(可以是个人计算机、服务器、终端装置、或者网络设备等)执行根据本公开实施方式的方法。
在本公开的示例性实施例中，还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有能够实现本说明书上述方法的程序产品。在一些可能的实施方式中，本公开的各个方面还可以实现为一种程序产品的形式，其包括程序代码，当程序产品在终端设备上运行时，程序代码用于使终端设备执行本说明书上述实施例部分中描述的根据本公开各种示例性实施方式的步骤。
虽然已参照几个典型实施方式描述了本公开，但应当理解，所用的术语是说明和示例性、而非限制性的术语。由于本公开能够以多种形式具体实施而不脱离发明的精神或实质，所以应当理解，上述实施方式不限于任何前述的细节，而应在随附权利要求所限定的精神和范围内广泛地解释，因此落入权利要求或其等效范围内的全部变化和改型都应为随附权利要求所涵盖。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种电池内短路的检测方法，包括：
    监测电池的充电截止特征；
    比对所述充电截止特征与预设的目标充电截止特征；
    当所述充电截止特征与所述预设的目标充电截止特征不匹配时，确定所述电池内发生了短路。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池内短路的检测方法，其中，所述当所述充电截止特征与所述预设的目标充电截止特征不匹配时，确定所述电池内发生了短路，包括：
    当所述充电截止特征与所述预设的目标充电截止特征不匹配时，监测所述充电截止特征的变化稳定性；
    当所述充电截止特征变化稳定时，获取所述充电截止特征在变化稳定阶段所对应的充电时长；
    当所述充电截止特征在变化稳定阶段所对应的充电时长大于或等于预设的基准时长时，确定所述电池内发生了短路。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池内短路的检测方法，其中，所述当所述充电截止特征与所述预设的目标充电截止特征不匹配时，监测所述充电截止特征的变化稳定性，包括：
    当所述充电截止特征与所述预设的目标充电截止特征不匹配时，监测所述电池的充电截止特征的变化率；
    所述当所述充电截止特征变化稳定时，获取所述充电截止特征在变化稳定阶段所对应的充电时长，包括：
    当所述充电截止特征变化率持续小于第一变化率阈值的时间超过预设时间阈值时，所述充电截止特征变化稳定；
    记录所述充电截止特征变化率持续小于所述第一变化率阈值所对应的充电时长；
    所述当所述充电截止特征在变化稳定阶段所对应的充电时长大于或等于预设的基准时长时，确定所述电池内发生了短路，包括：
    当所述充电截止特征变化率持续小于第一变化率阈值所对应的充电时长大于或等于预设的基准时长时，确定所述电池内发生了短路。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的电池内短路的检测方法，其中，所述监测电池的充电截止特征包括：
    当进入至充电末期阶段，监测电池的充电截止特征。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池内短路的检测方法，其中，所述充电末期阶段是所述电池的电压大于或等于第一预设电压阈值所对应的充电阶段。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的电池内短路的检测方法，其中，所述充电末期阶段是所述电池的荷电状态大于或等于第一预设荷电状态阈值所对应的充电阶段。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的电池内短路的检测方法，其中，对所述电池的充电模式所对应的完整充电过程包括依次进行的至少两个充电阶段；
    所述充电末期阶段为临近充电截止点的第一个充电阶段和/或第二个充电阶段。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的电池内短路的检测方法，其中，以恒流恒压充电模式对所述电池充电时，所述充电末期阶段为恒压充电阶段，所述充电截止特征包括充电截止电流，所述预设的目标充电截止特征包括预设的目标充电截止电流。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池内短路的检测方法，其中，当所述充电截止电流大于所述预设的目标充电截止电流，且所述充电截止电流与所述预设的目标充电截止电流的差值大于或等于第一预设差值时，确定所述充电截止特征与所述预设的目标充电截止特征不 匹配。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的电池内短路的检测方法，其中，所述比对所述充电截止特征与所述预设的目标充电截止特征之后还包括：
    当所述充电截止电流与所述预设的目标充电截止电流匹配时，在所述恒压充电阶段结束时，获取所述恒压充电阶段的充电时长；
    根据所述恒压充电阶段所对应的充电时长，确定所述电池内的短路发生情况。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电池内短路的检测方法，其中，所述根据在所述恒压充电阶段的充电时长，确定所述电池内的短路发生情况，包括：
    获取保存的所述电池首次充电时对应于所述恒压充电阶段的充电时长；
    计算所述恒压充电阶段所对应充电时长与所述电池首次充电时对应于所述恒压充电阶段的充电时长的时长差值；
    当所述恒压充电阶段所对应充电时长与所述电池首次充电时对应于所述恒压充电阶段的充电时长的时长差值大于或等于预设的第一时长差值时，确定所述电池内发生了短路。
  12. 根据权利要求4所述的电池内短路的检测方法，其中，以分段恒流充电模式对所述电池充电时，所述预设的检测阶段为充电末期阶段所对应的恒流充电阶段；所述充电截止特征包括充电截止电压；所述预设的目标充电截止特征为预设的目标充电截止电压。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电池内短路的检测方法，其中，当所述充电截止电压小于所述预设的目标充电截止电压，且所述充电截止电压与所述预设的目标充电截止电压的差值大于或等于第二预设差值时，确定所述充电截止特征与所述预设的目标充电截止特征不匹配。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的电池内短路的检测方法，其中，所述比对所述充电截止特征与所述预设的目标充电截止特征之后还包括：
    当所述充电截止电压与所述预设的目标充电截止电压匹配时，获取所保存的所述分段恒流充电模式中至少一恒流充电阶段所对应的充电时长；
    根据所述至少一恒流充电阶段所对应的充电时长，确定所述电池的短路检测结果。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的电池内短路的检测方法，其中，所述根据所述至少一恒流充电阶段所对应的充电时长，确定所述电池的短路检测结果包括：
    获取保存的所述电池首次充电时对应于所述至少一恒流充电阶段的充电时长；
    分别计算所述至少一恒压充电阶段中每个恒流充电阶段所对应的充电时长与所述电池首次充电时对应于该恒压充电阶段的充电时长的时长差值；
    当所述至少一恒压充电阶段中每个恒流充电阶段所对应的充电时长与所述电池首次充电时对应于该恒压充电阶段的充电时长的时长差值大于或等于预设的第二时长差值时，确定所述电池内发生了短路。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的电池内短路的检测方法，其中，所述至少一恒流充电阶段中越靠近充电起始点的恒流充电阶段所对应的所述预设的第二时长差值越小。
  17. 一种电池内短路的检测装置，包括：
    监测模块，用于监测电池的充电截止特征；
    比对模块，用于比对所述充电截止特征与预设的目标充电截止特征；
    短路判定模块，用于当所述充电截止特征与所述预设的目标充电截止特征不匹配时，确定所述电池内发生了短路。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的电池内短路的检测装置，其中，所述检测装置还包括充电时长获取模块，其中：
    所述监测模块，用于当所述充电截止特征与所述预设的目标充电截止特征不匹配时，监测所述充电截止特征的变化稳定性；
    所述充电时长获取模块，用于当所述充电截止特征变化稳定时，获取所述充电截止特 征在变化稳定阶段所对应的充电时长；
    所述短路判定模块，用于当所述充电截止特征在变化稳定阶段所对应的充电时长大于或等于预设的基准时长时，确定所述电池内发生了短路。
  19. 一种电子设备，包括：
    存储单元，存储有电池内短路的检测程序；
    处理单元，用于在运行所述电池内短路的检测程序时，执行权利要求1至16任一项所述电池内短路的检测方法的步骤。
  20. 一种计算机存储介质，所述计算机存储介质存储有电池内短路的检测程序，所述电池内短路的检测程序被至少一个处理器执行时实现权利要求1至16任一项所述电池内短路的检测方法的步骤。
PCT/CN2020/117933 2019-09-30 2020-09-25 电池内短路的检测方法与装置、电子设备 WO2021063273A1 (zh)

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