WO2021034553A1 - Composition et procédé de lubrification d'engrenages, d'essieux et de paliers automobiles - Google Patents

Composition et procédé de lubrification d'engrenages, d'essieux et de paliers automobiles Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021034553A1
WO2021034553A1 PCT/US2020/045832 US2020045832W WO2021034553A1 WO 2021034553 A1 WO2021034553 A1 WO 2021034553A1 US 2020045832 W US2020045832 W US 2020045832W WO 2021034553 A1 WO2021034553 A1 WO 2021034553A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
titanium
oil
lubricant composition
amine
lubricant
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2020/045832
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Hyungsoo KIM
James D. Burrington
Nathan J. BARTLETT
Gary M. Walker
John L. Diflavio
Original Assignee
The Lubrizol Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by The Lubrizol Corporation filed Critical The Lubrizol Corporation
Priority to US17/634,366 priority Critical patent/US20220282178A1/en
Priority to EP20761943.8A priority patent/EP4013841B1/fr
Priority to CA3150270A priority patent/CA3150270A1/fr
Priority to CN202080056695.9A priority patent/CN114402058B/zh
Publication of WO2021034553A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021034553A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C10M169/045—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of compounds of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and non-macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M141/12—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M141/02 - C10M141/10
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/04—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M129/06—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M129/08—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least 2 hydroxy groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
    • C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
    • C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M137/10—Thio derivatives
    • C10M137/105—Thio derivatives not containing metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
    • C10M2201/065—Sulfides; Selenides; Tellurides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
    • C10M2201/082—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing nitrogen
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/0206—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/022—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
    • C10M2209/0845—Acrylate; Methacrylate used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/08—Amides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
    • C10M2219/022—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds of hydrocarbons, e.g. olefines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
    • C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
    • C10M2219/106—Thiadiazoles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/043—Ammonium or amine salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/047—Thioderivatives not containing metallic elements
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/08—Groups 4 or 14
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
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    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
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    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
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    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
    • C10N2030/43—Sulfur free or low sulfur content compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
    • C10N2030/44—Boron free or low content boron compositions
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    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/02—Bearings
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    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
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    • C10N2060/00—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition
    • C10N2060/10—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition by sulfur or a compound containing sulfur

Definitions

  • the disclosed technology relates to a lubricant composition for automotive gears, axles and bearings, the lubricant composition containing an oil of lubricating viscosity and an oil-soluble titanium compound in place of boron compounds, as well as a method of obtaining thermal stability performance in automotive gears, axles and bearings without the boron content that is typical, by lubricating such automotive gears, axles and bearings with a lubricant composition containing an oil-soluble titanium compound.
  • Driveline power transmitting devices (such as gears or transmissions) present highly challenging technological problems and solutions for satisfying the multiple and often conflicting lubricating requirements, while providing durability and cleanliness.
  • Lubricants are expected to be able to pass thermal stability tests, e.g. the L-
  • titanium compounds can replace the typical boron containing materials in lubricant compositions for automotive gears, axles and bearings that contain amine-containing phosphorus antiwear agents, while still providing at least equivalent, if not improved, thermal stability performance. This finding was surprising, as the prevailing understanding has been that boron compounds were required for such stability.
  • one aspect of the disclosed technology is related to a lubricant composi tion for an automotive gear, axle, or bearing, as evidenced by a total sulfur level of the lubricant of about 0.75 to about 5 wt.% based on the weight of the lubricant composition (re ferred to hereinbelow as an automotive gear oil), containing an oil of lubricating viscosity, an amine-containing phosphorus antiwear agent and an oil-soluble titanium compound (also referred to as “titanium compound” for short), where the automotive gear oil is substantially free, or free, of boron.
  • an automotive gear oil containing an oil of lubricating viscosity, an amine-containing phosphorus antiwear agent and an oil-soluble titanium compound (also referred to as “titanium compound” for short), where the automotive gear oil is substantially free, or free, of boron.
  • the titanium compound is not particularly limited, but it was found that the addition of titanium (IV) alkoxides, such as titanium (IV) 2-ethylhexoxide, to an automotive gear oil showed unexpected thermal stability performance.
  • the titanium compound can be included in the automotive gear oil at levels that deliver greater than 200 ppm of titanium to the lubricant composition.
  • the automotive gear oil can also contain other additives, including other, non-amine containing, phosphorus compounds.
  • Another aspect of the current technology includes a method of lubricating an automotive gear (such as an automotive gear, axle or bearing), with the automotive gear oil as disclosed herein.
  • an automotive gear such as an automotive gear, axle or bearing
  • One aspect of the invention is an automotive gear oil containing an oil of lubricating viscosity, an amine-containing phosphorus antiwear agent, and an oil- soluble titanium compound, and being substantially free, or free, of boron.
  • substantially free it is meant that the composition contains less than 50 ppm boron, or less than 30 ppm, or even less than 10 ppm or 5 ppm, or even less than 1 ppm boron.
  • the base oil may be selected from any of the base oils in Groups I- V of the American Petroleum Institute (API) Base Oil Interchangeability Guidelines (2011), namely
  • Base Oil Category Sulfur (%) Saturates (%) Viscosity Index Group I >0.03 and/or ⁇ 90 80 to less than 120
  • Group II ⁇ 0.03 and >90 80 to less than 120
  • Groups I, II and III are mineral oil base stocks. Other generally recognized categories of base oils may be used, even if not officially identified by the API: Group II+, referring to materials of Group II having a viscosity index of 110-119 and lower volatility than other Group II oils; and Group III+, referring to materials of Group III having a viscosity index greater than or equal to 130.
  • the oil of lubricating viscosity can include natural or synthetic oils and mixtures thereof. Mixtures of mineral oil and synthetic oils, e.g., polyal- phaolefm oils and/or polyester oils, may be used.
  • the oils employed in the composition are not particularly limited and can in clude a kinematic viscosity at 100 °C by ASTM D445 of 1 to 40, or 1 to 30, or even 1 to 15 or 20, or 1.25 to 10 mm 2 /s.
  • the oil of lubricating viscosity can have a kinematic viscosity at 100 °C by ASTM D445 of 1.5 to 7.5, or 2 to 7, or 2.5 to 6.5, or 3 to 6 mm 2 /s.
  • the oil of lubricating viscosity comprises a poly alpha olefin hav ing a kinematic viscosity at 100 °C by ASTM D445 of 1.5 to 7.5 mm 2 /s or any of the other aforementioned ranges.
  • Amine-containing phosphorus antiwear agents can include, for example, amine salts of phosphoric acid esters; dialkyl mono-thio and di-thio phosphoric acid esters; and mono-alkyl or di-alkyl phosphites or phosphonates; and mixtures thereof.
  • the amine salt of the phosphoric acid ester may comprise any of a variety of chemical structures. In particular, a variety of structures are possible when the phosphoric acid ester compound contains one or more sulfur atoms, that is, when the phosphorus-containing acid is a thio- phosphoric acid ester, including mono- or dithiophosphoric acid esters.
  • a phosphoric acid ester may be prepared by reacting a phosphorus compound such as phosphorus pentoxide with an alcohol.
  • a dithiophosphoric acid ester may be prepared by reacting phosphorus pentasulfide with an alcohol.
  • Suitable alcohols include those containing up to 30 or to 24, or to 12 carbon atoms, including primary or secondary alcohols such as isopropyl, butyl, amyl, s-amyl, 2-ethylhexyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl, octyl, decyl and oleyl alcohols, as well as any of a variety of commercial alcohol mixtures having, e.g., 8 to 10, 12 to 18, or 18 to 28 carbon atoms.
  • Polyols such as diols may also be used.
  • the amines which may be suitable for use as the amine salt include primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, as well as diamines, and mixtures thereof, including amines with at least one hydrocarbyl group, or, in certain embodiments, two or three hydrocarbyl groups having, e.g., 2 to 30 or 6 to 12, or 8 to 26 or 10 to 20 or 13 to 19 carbon atoms.
  • sulfur containing amine phosphate salts may be prepared by reacting an alkylthiophosphate with an epoxide or a polyhydric alcohol, such as glycerol. This reaction product may be used alone, or further reacted with a phosphorus acid, anhy dride, or lower ester.
  • the epoxide is generally an aliphatic epoxide or a styrene oxide. Examples of useful epoxides include ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butene oxide, octene oxide, dodecene oxide, styrene oxide, etc. Ethylene oxide and propylene oxide are pre ferred.
  • the glycols may be aliphatic glycols having from 2 to about 12, or from 2 to about 6, or from 2 or 3 carbon atoms.
  • Glycols include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and the like.
  • the alkylthiophosphate, glycols, epoxides, inorganic phosphorus reagents and meth ods of reacting the same are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,197,405 and 3,544,465 which are incorporated herein by reference for their disclosure to these.
  • the amine-containing phosphorus antiwear agent can be sub stantially sulfur-free.
  • examples include the amine salt of a phosphate hydrocarbon ester prepared by reaction between phosphorus pentoxide with an alcohol (having 4 to 18 carbon atoms), followed by a reaction with a primary (e.g., 2-ethylhexylamine or oleylaminopropyl amine), secondary (e.g., dimethylamine), or tertiary (e.g., dimethyloleylamine) amine to form an amine salt of a phosphate hydrocarbon ester.
  • a primary e.g., 2-ethylhexylamine or oleylaminopropyl amine
  • secondary e.g., dimethylamine
  • tertiary e.g., dimethyloleylamine
  • an amine-phosphate antiwear agent is a substantially sul fur-free alkyl phosphate amine salt having at least 30 mole percent of the phosphorus atoms in an alkyl pyrophosphate structure (sometimes referred to as the POP structure), as opposed to an orthophosphate (or monomeric phosphate) structure, as shown, for example, in the fol lowing formula R 1 0(0 2 )P0P(0 2 )0R 1 (R 2 3 )NH + , or variants thereof, where, each R 1 is inde pendently an alkyl group of 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and each R 2 is independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group or an ester-containing group, or an ether-containing group, provided that at least one R 2 group is a hydrocarbyl group or an ester-containing group or an ether-contain ing group (that is, not NEE).
  • the amount of the amine-containing phosphorus antiwear agent in the auto motive gear oil may be 0.1 to 5 wt.%.
  • Alternative amounts of the amine-containing phos phorus antiwear agent may be 0.2 to 3 wt.%, or 0.2 to 2.5 wt.%, or 0.2 to 2 wt.%, or 1 to 2 wt.%, or 0.3 to 1.9 wt.%, or 0.4 to 1.8 wt.%, or 0.4 to 1.7 wt.%.
  • the amount may be suitable to provide phosphorus to the automotive gear oil in an amount of 200 to 3000 parts per million by weight (ppm), or 250 to 2750, or 300 to 2500, or 350 to 2250, or 400 to 2000 ppm, or 600 to 1500 ppm, or 700 to 1100 ppm, or 1100 to 1800 ppm.
  • ppm parts per million by weight
  • the oil-soluble titanium compound can also be referred to more generally as a hydrocarbon-soluble titanium compound.
  • oil-soluble or “hydrocarbon soluble” it is meant a material which will dissolve or disperse on a macroscopic or gross scale in an oil or hydrocarbon, as the case may be, typically a mineral oil, such that a practical solution or dispersion can be prepared.
  • the titanium compound In order to prepare a useful lubricant formulation, the titanium compound should not precipitate or settle out over a course of several days or weeks, and preferably months or years. Such materials may exhibit true solubility on a molecular scale or may exist in the form of agglomerations of varying size or scale, provided however that they have dissolved or dispersed on a gross scale.
  • titanium (IV) compounds such as titanium (IV) sulfide; titanium (IV) nitrate; titanium (IV) alkoxides such as titanium methoxide, titanium ethoxide, titanium propoxide, titanium isopropoxide, titanium butoxide; titanium (IV) 2-ethylhexoxide; and titanium (IV) (triethanolaminato)iso- propoxide; and other titanium compounds or complexes including but not limited to tita nium phenates; titanium carboxylates such as titanium (IV) 2-ethyl-l-3-hexanedioate or titanium citrate or titanium oleate.
  • Ti (IV) compounds such as titanium (IV) sulfide; titanium (IV) nitrate; titanium (IV) alkoxides such as titanium methoxide, titanium ethoxide, titanium propoxide, titanium isopropoxide, titanium butoxide; titanium (IV) 2-ethylhexoxide; and titanium (IV) (tri
  • titanium phosphates such as titanium dithiophosphates (e.g., dialkyldithiophosphates) and titanium sulfonates (e.g., alkyl sulfonates), or, generally, the reaction product of titanium compounds with various acid materials to form salts, especially oil-soluble salts.
  • Titanium compounds can thus be derived from, among others, organic acids, alcohols, and glycols. Titanium compounds may also exist in dimeric or oligomeric form, containing Ti— O— Ti structures. Such titanium compounds are commercially available or can be readily prepared by appropriate synthesis techniques which will be apparent to the person skilled in the art. Titanium compounds may exist at room temperature as a solid or a liquid, depending on the particular compound, and may also be provided in a solution form in an appropriate inert solvent.
  • the titanium can be supplied as a Ti-modified dispersant, such as a succinimide dispersant.
  • a Ti-modified dispersant such as a succinimide dispersant.
  • Such materials may be prepared by forming a titanium mixed anhydride between a titanium alkoxide and a hydrocarbyl -substituted succinic anhy dride, such as an alkenyl- (or alkyl) succinic anhydride.
  • the resulting titanate-succinate intermediate may be used directly or it may be reacted with any of a number of materials, such as (a) a polyamine-based succinimide/amide dispersant having free, condensable -NH functionality; (b) the components of a polyamine-based succinimide/amide dispersant, i.e., an alkenyl- (or alkyl-)succinic anhydride and a polyamine, (c) a hydroxy-containing poly ester dispersant prepared by the reaction of a substituted succinic anhydride with a polyol, aminoalcohol, polyamine, or mixtures thereof.
  • a polyamine-based succinimide/amide dispersant having free, condensable -NH functionality
  • the components of a polyamine-based succinimide/amide dispersant i.e., an alkenyl- (or alkyl-)succinic anhydride and a polyamine
  • the titanate-succinate inter mediate may be reacted with other agents such as alcohols, aminoalcohols, ether alcohols, polyether alcohols or polyols, or fatty acids, and the product thereof either used directly to impart titanium to a lubricant, or else further reacted with the succinic dispersants as de scribed above.
  • succinic dispersants as de scribed above.
  • 1 part (by mole) of tetraisopropyl titanate may be reacted with 2 parts (by mole) of a polyisobutene-substituted succinic anhydride at 140-150 °C for 5 to 6 hours to provide a titanium modified dispersant or intermediate.
  • the resulting mate rial (30 g) may be further reacted with a succinimide dispersant from polyisobutene-substi- tuted succinic anhydride and a polyethylenepolyamine mixture (127 g+diluent oil) at 150 °C for 1.5 hours, to produce a titanium-modified succinimide dispersant.
  • the titanium can be supplied as a tolyltriazole oligo mer salted with and/or chelated to titanium.
  • the surface active properties of the tolyltriazole allow it to act as a delivery system for the titanium, imparting the titanium performance benefits described herein, as well as the copper deactivating performance of tolyltriazole.
  • this material can be prepared by first combining tolyltriazole (1.5 eq) and formaldehyde (1.57 eq) in an inert solvent followed by addition of diethanolamine (1.5 eq) and then hexadecyl succinic anhydride (1.5 eq) and a catalytic amount of methanesul- fonic acid, while heating and removing water of condensation.
  • This intermediate can be reacted with titanium isopropoxide (0.554 eq) at 60 °C, followed by vacuum stripping to provide a red viscous product.
  • titanium can also be provided, such as surface-modified tita nium dioxide nanoparticles, as described in greater detail in Q. Xue et al., Wear 213, 29- 32, 1997 (Elsevier Science S.A.), which discloses T1O2 nanoparticles with an average di ameter of 5 nm, surface modified with 2-ethylhexoic acid. Such nanoparticles capped by an organic hydrocarbyl chain are said to disperse well in non-polar and weakly polar or ganic solvents. Their synthesis is described in greater detail by K. G. Severin et al. in Chem. Mater. 6, 8990-898, 1994.
  • the titanium is not a part of or affixed to a long-chain polymer, that is, a high molecular weight polymer.
  • the titanium species may, in these circumstances, have a number average molecular weight of less than 150,000 or less than 100,000 or 30,000 or 20,000 or 10,000 or 5000, or 3000 or 2000, e. g, about 1000 or less than 1000.
  • Non-polymeric species providing the titanium as disclosed above will typically be below the molecular weight range of such polymers.
  • a titanium tetraalkox- ide such as titanium isopropoxide may have a number average molecular weight of 1000 or less, or 300 or less, as may be readily calculated.
  • a titanium-modified dispersant may in clude a hydrocarbyl substituent with a number average molecular weight of 3000 or less or 2000 or less, e.g., about 1000.
  • the amount of titanium (that is titanium atom as opposed to titanium com pound) present in the automotive gear oil may typically be greater than 200 parts per million by weight (ppm), or greater than 250 ppm, or greater than 300 or 325 ppm.
  • the titanium compound may be present at from about 200 to about 2000 ppm, or from 200 or 250 to about 1500 ppm or even about 300 to about 1250 or even about 325 or 350 to about 900 or 1000 ppm.
  • titanium isopropoxide for instance, is typically commercially supplied in a form which contains 16.8% titanium by weight. Thus, if amounts of 20 to 100 ppm of titanium are to be provided, about 119 to about 595 ppm (that is, about 0.01 to about 0.06 wt.%) of titanium isopropox- ide would be used, and so on.
  • the titanium compound may be selected from the group consisting of titanium alkoxides, titanium modified dispersants, titanium salts of ar omatic carboxylic acids (such as benzoic acid or alkyl -substituted benzoic acids), and tita nium salts of sulfur-containing acids (such as those of the formula R— S— R'—CC H, where R is a hydrocarbyl group and R' is a hydrocarbylene group).
  • titanium alkoxides titanium modified dispersants
  • titanium salts of ar omatic carboxylic acids such as benzoic acid or alkyl -substituted benzoic acids
  • tita nium salts of sulfur-containing acids such as those of the formula R— S— R'—CC H, where R is a hydrocarbyl group and R' is a hydrocarbylene group.
  • An automotive gear oil refers to a lubricant composition hav ing sufficient levels of additive to lubricate an automotive gear, such as a gear, bearing or axle.
  • automotive gear oils can be distinguished from other lubricants, such as engine oil lubricants, based on levels of sulfur and phosphorus.
  • the automotive gear oil can have a total sulfur level of about 0.75 to about 5 wt.% based on the weight of the automotive gear oil.
  • the total sulfur level can be from about 0.8 to about 4 wt.%, or even about 0.9 to about 3.5 wt.% or about 1 to about 3 wt.%.
  • the sulfur can be provided, for example, from organo-sulfides, including polysulfides, such as sulfurized olefins, thiadiazoles and thiadiazole adducts such as post treated dispersants.
  • Organo-sulfides can be present in in the automotive gear oil in a range of, for example, 0 wt.% to 10 wt.%, 0.01 wt.% to 10 wt.%, 0.1 wt.% to 8 wt.%, 0.25 wt.% to 6 wt.%, 2 wt.% to 5 wt.%, or 3 wt.% to 5 wt.%, 3% to 6% of the automotive gear oil.
  • Examples of a thiadiazole include 2,5-dimercapto-l,3,4-thiadiazole, or oli gomers thereof, a hydrocarbyl-substituted 2,5-dimercapto-l,3,4-thiadiazole, a hydro- carbylthio-substituted 2,5-dimercapto-l,3,4-thiadiazole, or oligomers thereof.
  • oligo mers of hydrocarbyl-substituted 2,5-dimercapto-l,3,4-thiadiazole typically form by form ing a sulfur-sulfur bond between 2,5-dimercapto-l,3,4-thiadiazole units to form oligomers of two or more of said thiadiazole units.
  • thiadiazole compounds are found in WO 2008,094759, paragraphs 0088 through 0090.
  • the organosulfide may alternatively be a polysulfide. In one embodiment at least about 50 wt.% of the polysulfide molecules are a mixture of tri- or tetra-sulfides. In other embodiments at least about 55 wt.%, or at least about 60 wt.% of the polysulfide molecules are a mixture of tri- or tetra-sulfides.
  • the polysulfides include sulfurized organic polysulfides from oils, fatty acids or ester, olefins or polyolefins.
  • Oils which may be sulfurized include natural or synthetic oils such as mineral oils, lard oil, carboxylate esters derived from aliphatic alcohols and fatty acids or aliphatic carboxylic acids (e.g., myristyl oleate and oleyl oleate), and synthetic unsaturated esters or glycerides.
  • natural or synthetic oils such as mineral oils, lard oil, carboxylate esters derived from aliphatic alcohols and fatty acids or aliphatic carboxylic acids (e.g., myristyl oleate and oleyl oleate), and synthetic unsaturated esters or glycerides.
  • Fatty acids include those that contain 8 to 30, or 12 to 24 carbon atoms. Ex amples of fatty acids include oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and tall oil. Sulfurized fatty acid esters prepared from mixed unsaturated fatty acid esters such as are obtained from animal fats and vegetable oils, including tall oil, linseed oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, and fish oil. [0037] The polysulfide may also be derived from an olefin derived from a wide range of alkenes, typically having one or more double bonds. The olefins in one embodiment contain 3 to 30 carbon atoms.
  • olefins contain 3 to 16, or 3 to 9 carbon atoms.
  • the sulfurized olefin includes an olefin derived from propylene, isobutylene, pentene, or mixtures thereof. Isobutene, propylene and their dimers, trimers and tetramers, and mixtures thereof are further olefmic compounds. Of these compounds, isobutylene and diisobutylene are particularly desirable because of their availability and the particularly high sulfur containing compositions which can be prepared therefrom.
  • the polysulfide comprises a polyolefin derived from polymerizing, by known techniques, an olefin as described above.
  • the polysulfide in cludes, dibutyl disulfide, dibutyl tetrasulfide, sulfurized methyl ester of oleic acid, sulfu rized alkylphenol, sulfurized dipentene, sulfurized dicyclopentadiene, sulfurized terpene, and sulfurized Diels-Alder adducts; phosphosulfurized hydrocarbons.
  • the automotive gear oils can also have a total phosphorus level of about 0.03 to about 0.5 wt.%, or 0.03 to about 0.35 wt.%, or even about 0.05 to about 0.3 wt.%, or about 0.08 to about 0.2 wt.%, or about 0.13 to about 0.2 wt.%, or about 0.1 to about 0.25 wt.%.
  • the phosphorus can be brought to the automotive gear oil, for example, from the amine- containing phosphorus antiwear agents discussed above, or other phosphorus containing compounds.
  • phosphorus-containing compounds may be included along with the amine- containing phosphorus antiwear agents.
  • Such other phosphorus containing compounds can include phosphites or phosphonates. Suitable phosphites or phosphonates include those having at least one hydrocarbyl group with 3 or 4 or more, or 8 or more, or 12 or more, carbon atoms.
  • the phosphite may be a mono-hydrocarbyl substituted phosphite, a di-hy- drocarbyl substituted phosphite, or a tri -hydrocarbyl substituted phosphite.
  • the phospho- nate may be a mono-hydrocarbyl substituted phosphonate, a di -hydrocarbyl substituted phosphonate, or a tri -hydrocarbyl substituted phosphonate.
  • the phosphite is sulphur-free i.e., the phosphite is not a thi- ophosphite.
  • the phosphite or phosphonate may be represented by the formulae:
  • R may be a hydrocarbyl group containing at least 3 carbon atoms and the other R groups may be hydrogen.
  • two of the R groups are hydro carbyl groups, and the third is hydrogen.
  • every R group is a hydrocarbyl group, i.e., the phosphite is a tri -hydrocarbyl substituted phosphite.
  • the hydrocarbyl groups may be alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, acyclic or mixtures thereof.
  • a phosphonate may also be referred to as a phosphite ester.
  • the compound would generally be considered a phosphite, but such a compound can often exist in between the tautomers of formula XI and XII, and thus, could also be referred to as a phosphonate or phosphite ester.
  • phosphite as used herein, will be considered to encompass both phosphites and phosphonates.
  • the R hydrocarbyl groups may be linear or branched, typically linear, and satu rated or unsaturated, typically saturated.
  • the other phosphorus-containing compound can be a C3-8 hydrocarbyl phosphite, or mixtures thereof, i.e., wherein each R may independently be hy drogen or a hydrocarbyl group having 3 to 8, or 4 to 6 carbon atoms, typically 4 carbon atoms.
  • the C3-8 hydrocarbyl phosphite comprises dibutyl phosphite.
  • the C3-8 hydrocarbyl phosphite may deliver at least 175 ppm, or at least 200 ppm of the total amount of phosphorus delivered by the phosphorus-containing compounds.
  • the C3-8 hydrocarbyl phosphite may deliver at least 25wt.%, 35 wt.%, 45 wt.%, or 50 wt.% to 80 wt.%, or 50 wt.% to 75 wt.% or 60 wt.% to 70 wt.% of the total amount of phosphorus to the lubricant composition.
  • the phosphorus-containing compound can be a C12-22 hydro carbyl phosphite, or mixtures thereof, i.e., wherein each R may independently be hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group having 12 to 24, or 14 to 20 carbon atoms, typically 16 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • each R may independently be hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group having 12 to 24, or 14 to 20 carbon atoms, typically 16 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • the C12-22 hydrocarbyl phosphite comprises a C16-18 hydrocarbyl phos phite.
  • alkyl groups for R 3 , R 4 and R 5 include octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, octa- decenyl, nonadecyl, eicosyl or mixtures thereof.
  • the C12-22 hydrocarbyl phosphite may be present in the lubricant composition at about 0.05 wt.% to about 4.0 wt.% of the lubricant composition, or from about 0.05 wt.% to about 3 wt.%, or from about 0.05 wt.% to about 1.5 wt.%, or from about 0.05 wt.% to about 1 wt.%, or from about 0.1 wt.% to about 0.5 wt.% of the lubricant composition.
  • the other phosphorus containing compound can include both a C3-8 and a C12 to C24 hydrocarbyl phosphite.
  • the phosphite ester comprises the reaction product of (a) a monomeric phosphoric acid or an ester thereof with (b) at least two alkylene diols; a first alkylene diol (i) having two hydroxy groups in a 1,4 or 1,5 or 1,6 relationship; and a second alkylene diol(ii) being an alkyl-substitute 1,3-propylene glycol.
  • Sulfur containing phosphites can include, for example, a material represented by the formula [R 1 0(0R 2 )(S)PSC 2 H 4 (C)(0)0R 4 0] n P(0R 5 ) 2-n (0)H, wherein R 1 and R 2 are each independently hydrocarbyl groups of 3 to 12 carbon atoms, or 6 to 8 carbon atoms, or wherein R 1 and R 2 together with the adjacent O and P atoms form a ring containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms; R 4 is an alkylene group of 2 to 6 carbon atoms or 2 to 4 carbon atoms; R 5 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group of 1 to about 12 carbon atoms; and n is 1 or 2.
  • the C12-22 hydrocarbyl phosphite may be present in the lubricant composition at about 0.05 wt.% to about 1.5 wt.% of the lubricant composition, or from about 0.1 wt.% to about 1.0 wt.% of the lubricant composition.
  • the other phosphorus containing compound can be a phos phorus containing amide.
  • Phosphorus containing amides can be prepared by reaction of di- thiophosphoric acid with an unsaturated amide.
  • unsaturated amides include acrylamide, N,N’ -methylene bisacrylamide, methacrylamide, crotonamide and the like.
  • the reaction product of the phosphorus acid and the unsaturated amide may be further reacted with a linking or a coupling compound, such as formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde.
  • the phosphorus containing amides are known in the art and are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,670,169, 4,770,807 and 4,876,374 which are incorporated by reference for their disclosures of phosphorus amides and their preparation.
  • Other materials may be present in the automotive gear oil in their conventional amounts including, for example, viscosity modifiers, dispersants, pour point additives, ex treme pressure agents, antifoams, copper anticorrosion agents (such as dimercaptothiadia- zole compounds), iron anticorrosion agents, friction modifiers, dyes, fragrances, optional detergents and antioxidants, and color stabilizers, for example.
  • the disclosed technology provides a method of lubricating an automotive gear, comprising supplying thereto an automotive gear oil as described herein, that is, an automotive gear oil having a total sulfur level of 0.75 to 5 wt.% and containing (a) an oil of lubricating viscosity, (b) an oil-soluble titanium compound, and (c) an amine-containing phosphorus antiwear agent, and operating the driveline device.
  • the automotive gear may comprise a gear as in a gearbox of a vehicle (e.g., a manual transmission) or in an axle or differential, or in other driveline power transmitting driveline devices.
  • the automotive gear may also include bearings.
  • Lubricated gears may include hypoid gears, such as those for example in a rear drive axle.
  • hydrocarbyl substituent or “hydrocarbyl group” is used in its ordinary sense, which is well-known to those skilled in the art. Specifically, it refers to a group having a carbon atom directly attached to the remainder of the molecule and having predominantly hydrocarbon character. Examples of hydrocarbyl groups include:
  • hydrocarbon substituents that is, aliphatic (e.g., alkyl or alkenyl), alicyclic (e.g., cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl) substituents, and aromatic-, aliphatic-, and alicyclic- substituted aromatic substituents, as well as cyclic substituents wherein the ring is completed through another portion of the molecule (e.g., two substituents together form a ring);
  • aliphatic e.g., alkyl or alkenyl
  • alicyclic e.g., cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl
  • aromatic-, aliphatic-, and alicyclic- substituted aromatic substituents as well as cyclic substituents wherein the ring is completed through another portion of the molecule (e.g., two substituents together form a ring);
  • substituted hydrocarbon substituents that is, substituents containing non hydrocarbon groups which, in the context of this invention, do not alter the predominantly hydrocarbon nature of the substituent (e.g., halo (especially chloro and fluoro), hydroxy, alkoxy, mercapto, alkylmercapto, nitro, nitroso, and sulfoxy);
  • hetero substituents that is, substituents which, while having a predominantly hy drocarbon character, in the context of this invention, contain other than carbon in a ring or chain otherwise composed of carbon atoms and encompass substituents as pyridyl, furyl, thienyl and imidazolyl.
  • Heteroatoms include sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen.
  • no more than two, or no more than one, non-hydrocarbon substituent will be present for every ten carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl group; alternatively, there may be no non-hydrocarbon substituents in the hydrocarbyl group.
  • Gear oil samples 6-9 were prepared according to the following formulations (numbers represent wt%):
  • Phosphorus amine salt-2* is substantially sulfur free.
  • Gear oil samples 6-9 contain identical concentrations of non-borated disper- sant. Only Sample 6 contains borated dispersant. Samples 6 and 7 are Ti-free, and Samples 8 and 9 contain 300 ppm Ti and 600ppm Ti respectively. These four samples were also tested in the L-60-1 Thermal Oxidative Stability of Gear Lubricants Test (based on ASTM Method D5704). Samples 6 and 7 are comparative samples that were tested to again demonstrate the importance of the presence of borated dispersant to achieve the desired carbon/varnish rating. Boron-free samples 8 and 9 contain oil soluble Ti which improves the carbon/varnish rating to achieve the desired thermal oxidative stability in this test. [0062] Gear oil samples 10-13 were prepared without borated dispersant according to the following formulations (numbers represent wt%):
  • Phosphorus amine salt-3* is substantially sulfur free and at least 30 mole percent of the phosphorus atoms are in an alkyl pyrophosphate structure.
  • Gear oil samples 10-13 contain identical concentrations of non-borated disper sant.
  • Sample 10 is Ti-free, and Samples 11, 12 and 13 contain 300 ppm Ti, 600ppm Ti and 900ppm Ti respectively. These four samples were also tested in the L-60-1 Thermal Oxida tive Stability of Gear Lubricants Test (based on ASTM Method D5704). Samples 10 was tested to demonstrate the carbon/varnish performance without the presence of a borated dis persant.
  • Boron-free samples 11, 12 and 13 contain increasing amounts of oil soluble Ti which improves the carbon/varnish rating to achieve the desired thermal oxidative stability in this test.
  • Gear oil samples 14 and 15 do not contain borated dispersant. These samples contain a mixture of Phosphorus amine-salt-1 and phosphite. Sample 14 is a comparative sample without an oil soluble Ti compound, while Sample 15 contains 525ppm Ti.
  • the transitional term “comprising,” which is synonymous with “including,” “containing,” or “characterized by,” is inclusive or open-ended and does not exclude additional, un-recited elements or method steps.
  • the term also encompass, as alternative embodiments, the phrases “consisting essentially of’ and “consisting of,” where “consisting of’ excludes any element or step not specified and “consisting essentially of’ permits the inclusion of additional un-recited elements or steps that do not materially affect the essential or basic and novel characteristics of the composition or method under consideration.
  • the expression “con sisting of’ or “consisting essentially of,” when applied to an element of a claim is intended to restrict all species of the type represented by that element, notwithstanding the presence of “comprising” elsewhere in the claim.
  • a lubricant composition comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity, an amine- containing phosphorus antiwear agent, and an oil-soluble titanium compound, wherein the lubricant composition is substantially free (or free) of boron, and wherein the lubricant com prises a total sulfur level of about 0.75 to about 5 wt.%.
  • the oil-soluble titanium compound comprises at least one of tita nium (IV) sulfide; titanium (IV) nitrate; titanium (IV) alkoxides; titanium phenates; tita nium carboxylates; titanium phosphates; titanium sulfonates.
  • the lubricant composition of any previous sentence, where the oil- soluble titanium compound comprises titanium methoxide.
  • the lubricant composi tion of any previous sentence wherein the composition comprises from 250 to 1500 ppm titanium.
  • the lubricant composition of any previous sentence wherein the composition com prises from 300 to 1250 ppm titanium.
  • the lubricant composition of any previous sentence wherein the composition comprises from 325 to 1000 ppm titanium.
  • the lubricant composi tion of any previous sentence wherein the composition comprises from 325 to 900 ppm tita nium.
  • the lubricant composition of any previous sentence wherein the composition comprises from 350 to 900 ppm titanium.
  • the lubricant composition of any previous sentence wherein the amine-containing phosphorus anti wear agent comprises an amine salt of a phosphate hydrocarbon ester comprising a reaction product of phosphorus pentoxide with an alcohol, followed by a reaction with an amine.
  • the lubricant composition of any previous sentence comprising less than 150 ppm boron.
  • the lubricant composition of any previous sentence comprising less than 100 ppm boron.
  • the lubricant composition of any previous sentence comprising less than 50 ppm boron.
  • the lubricant composition of any previous sentence comprising less than 10 ppm boron.
  • the lubricant composition of any previous sentence comprising less than 1 ppm boron.
  • a method of lubricating a driveline device comprising supplying to the driveline device the lubricant composition of any previ ous sentence, and operating the driveline device.
  • the method of the previous sentence wherein the driveline device comprises an axle.
  • the driveline device comprises a bearing.
  • the driveline device comprises a gear.

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Abstract

La technologie de l'invention concerne une composition lubrifiante pour engrenages, essieux et paliers automobiles La composition lubrifiante contient une huile de viscosité lubrifiante et un composé de titane soluble dans l'huile à la place de composés de bore, ainsi qu'un procédé d'obtention de performances de stabilité thermique dans des engrenages, des essieux et des paliers automobiles sans l'habituelle teneur en bore, par lubrification de tels engrenages, essieux et paliers automobiles avec une composition lubrifiante contenant un composé de titane soluble dans l'huile et un agent anti-usure au phosphore contenant un amine.
PCT/US2020/045832 2019-08-16 2020-08-12 Composition et procédé de lubrification d'engrenages, d'essieux et de paliers automobiles WO2021034553A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

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US17/634,366 US20220282178A1 (en) 2019-08-16 2020-08-12 Composition and Method for Lubricating Automotive Gears, Axles and Bearings
EP20761943.8A EP4013841B1 (fr) 2019-08-16 2020-08-12 Composition et procédé de lubrification d'engrenages, d'essieux et de paliers automobiles
CA3150270A CA3150270A1 (fr) 2019-08-16 2020-08-12 Composition et procede de lubrification d'engrenages, d'essieux et de paliers automobiles
CN202080056695.9A CN114402058B (zh) 2019-08-16 2020-08-12 用于润滑汽车齿轮、车轴和轴承的组合物和方法

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US201962887737P 2019-08-16 2019-08-16
US62/887,737 2019-08-16

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EP4013841A1 (fr) 2022-06-22
CN114402058A (zh) 2022-04-26
US20220282178A1 (en) 2022-09-08
CN114402058B (zh) 2023-06-23
CA3150270A1 (fr) 2021-02-25
EP4013841B1 (fr) 2023-10-04

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