WO2021025278A1 - 육각형 실리콘 결정 성장 장치 및 방법 - Google Patents
육각형 실리콘 결정 성장 장치 및 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- C30B25/00—Single-crystal growth by chemical reaction of reactive gases, e.g. chemical vapour-deposition growth
- C30B25/02—Epitaxial-layer growth
- C30B25/14—Feed and outlet means for the gases; Modifying the flow of the reactive gases
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- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/24—Deposition of silicon only
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- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/301—AIII BV compounds, where A is Al, Ga, In or Tl and B is N, P, As, Sb or Bi
- C23C16/303—Nitrides
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- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/448—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for generating reactive gas streams, e.g. by evaporation or sublimation of precursor materials
- C23C16/4488—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for generating reactive gas streams, e.g. by evaporation or sublimation of precursor materials by in situ generation of reactive gas by chemical or electrochemical reaction
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- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45512—Premixing before introduction in the reaction chamber
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/458—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for supporting substrates in the reaction chamber
- C23C16/4582—Rigid and flat substrates, e.g. plates or discs
- C23C16/4583—Rigid and flat substrates, e.g. plates or discs the substrate being supported substantially horizontally
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- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B25/00—Single-crystal growth by chemical reaction of reactive gases, e.g. chemical vapour-deposition growth
- C30B25/02—Epitaxial-layer growth
- C30B25/10—Heating of the reaction chamber or the substrate
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- C30B25/00—Single-crystal growth by chemical reaction of reactive gases, e.g. chemical vapour-deposition growth
- C30B25/02—Epitaxial-layer growth
- C30B25/12—Substrate holders or susceptors
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- C30B25/00—Single-crystal growth by chemical reaction of reactive gases, e.g. chemical vapour-deposition growth
- C30B25/02—Epitaxial-layer growth
- C30B25/16—Controlling or regulating
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- C30B25/00—Single-crystal growth by chemical reaction of reactive gases, e.g. chemical vapour-deposition growth
- C30B25/02—Epitaxial-layer growth
- C30B25/18—Epitaxial-layer growth characterised by the substrate
- C30B25/20—Epitaxial-layer growth characterised by the substrate the substrate being of the same materials as the epitaxial layer
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- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/40—AIIIBV compounds wherein A is B, Al, Ga, In or Tl and B is N, P, As, Sb or Bi
- C30B29/403—AIII-nitrides
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- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/60—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape characterised by shape
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- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/60—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape characterised by shape
- C30B29/66—Crystals of complex geometrical shape, e.g. tubes, cylinders
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an apparatus and method for growing a hexagonal Si crystal, and more particularly, to an apparatus and method for growing a hexagonal silicon crystal using a mixed raw material hydrogen vapor growth (HVPE) method.
- HVPE mixed raw material hydrogen vapor growth
- Diamond is known as one of the hardest materials in the world, but is challenged by the discovery of the lonsdaleite hexagonal structure.
- the Lonsdalite structure is an element of the Wurtzite structure with the crystallographic symmetry of P63/mmc.
- the artificial hexagonal diamond was first synthesized in 1966, and also in the diamond particles of the Canyon Diablo meteorite. Was found.
- silicon is naturally crystallized into a cube structure. All electronic devices including semiconductors manufactured using silicon are manufactured using silicon having a hexahedral crystal structure.
- silicon of such a hexahedral crystal structure is an indirect transition type semiconductor having an indirect band gap of 1.1 eV and a direct band gap of 3.2 eV, and the distance between the direct and indirect band gaps is 2.3. It is an inefficient light absorber because the energy difference is large in eV. Nevertheless, silicon is one of the most abundant elements on the planet, and is the most important material in the semiconductor industry, especially in the solar cell industry. Therefore, there is a need to develop a silicon crystal having a new structure having a small difference between the direct and indirect band gaps.
- Silicon is an allotrope with different properties at the same temperature and pressure in a single solid. Accordingly, structures of different properties can be obtained depending on the growth conditions, and lonsdalite or silicon having a hexagonal crystal structure is an example. Silicon having a hexagonal crystal structure has theoretically suggested energy band values and structures by several researchers, and this relates to a structure of several tens of nm or a nanostructure using a matrix of a hexagonal structure such as GaP. However, until now, the structure is large (in mm) and stable crystal structures at room temperature and pressure have not been manufactured.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for growing a hexagonal silicon crystal having a large size (in mm) and a stable crystal structure at room temperature and pressure.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a hexagonal silicon crystal growth apparatus and method capable of controlling the diameter, length, and shape of the tip by controlling the growth rate of the hexagonal silicon crystal.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a hexagonal silicon crystal growing apparatus and method capable of growing hexagonal silicon crystals regardless of the surface arrangement of a silicon substrate.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a hexagonal silicon crystal growing apparatus and method capable of growing an aluminum nitride crystal while growing a hexagonal silicon crystal.
- a hexagonal silicon crystal growth apparatus includes a reaction tube; A mixed raw material part disposed on one side of the reaction tube and mounted with a mixed raw material of solid silicon, aluminum, and gallium; A halogenated reaction gas supply pipe for supplying a halogenated reaction gas to the mixed raw material portion; A substrate mounting portion disposed on the other side of the reaction tube and on which the first substrate is mounted so that the crystal growth surface faces downward; A nitriding reaction gas supply pipe for supplying a nitriding reaction gas to the substrate mounting portion; And a heating unit for heating the reaction tube. The heating unit heats the reaction tube in a temperature range of 1100-1300°C.
- the mixing ratio of silicon: aluminum: gallium of the mixed raw material is 1 to 10: 1 to 5: 1, preferably 1 to 5: 1 to 5: 1.
- Silicon as the mixed raw material is metallic grade silicon, and the first substrate is a silicon substrate.
- a collection substrate disposed below the first substrate, spaced apart from the first substrate in a vertical direction, may be mounted on the substrate mounting portion.
- a second substrate spaced apart from the first substrate and disposed with the crystal growth surface facing upward may be mounted.
- the second substrate may be silicon, sapphire, or silicon carbide. It is a substrate made of a material selected from the group consisting of, quartz and ceramic.
- a method of growing a hexagonal silicon crystal comprises: disposing a mixed raw material obtained by mixing solid silicon, aluminum, and gallium on one side of a reaction tube; A substrate disposing step of disposing a first substrate on the other side of the reaction tube so that the crystal growth surface faces downward; Heating the reaction tube to a temperature in the range of 1100-1300°C; Supplying a halogenated reaction gas to the mixed raw material; Supplying a nitridation reaction gas to the first substrate; Reacting the mixed raw material with a halogenated reaction gas to generate trichlorosilane gas and metal chloride gas; Generating nuclei on the first substrate by reacting the generated trichlorinated silane gas and metal chloride gas with a nitridation reaction gas; And a step of growing a hexagonal silicon crystal around the generated nuclei. After the hexagonal silicon crystals grow, the partial pressure of the trichlorosilane gas decreases, and the triangular pyramidal crystals grow
- the hexagonal silicon crystal starts to be separated from the first substrate by its own weight. More preferably, the weight of the hexagonal silicon crystal is separated from 2.7 x 10 -8 N to 3.0 x 10 -8 N or more.
- the substrate arranging step includes the step of disposing a collection substrate under the first substrate and spaced apart from the first substrate in a vertical direction, and the hexagonal silicon crystal separated in the separation step is collected on the collection substrate do.
- the second substrate may be spaced apart from the first substrate so that the crystal growth surface faces upward, so that the aluminum nitride crystal may be grown on the second substrate.
- the mixing ratio of silicon: aluminum: gallium of the mixed raw material is 1 to 10: 1 to 5: 1, preferably 1 to 5: 1 to 5: 1.
- the growth rate of the hexagonal silicon crystal increases, and the length and/or diameter of the hexagonal silicon crystal increase.
- the hexagonal silicon crystal according to another feature of the present invention is grown by the above-described hexagonal silicon crystal growth method.
- a large amount of hexagonal silicon crystals can be grown by the HVPE method using a mixed raw material composed of silicon, aluminum and gallium. These hexagonal silicon crystals have a large size (in mm) and have a stable hexagonal crystal structure at room temperature and pressure.
- the present invention can control the silicon crystal growth rate by adjusting the mixing ratio of silicon, aluminum, and gallium of the mixed raw material, and according to the crystal growth rate, the diameter, length, and shape of the tip can be adjusted.
- the hexagonal silicon crystal growing apparatus and method according to the present invention can grow hexagonal silicon crystals regardless of the surface arrangement of the silicon substrate.
- the present invention can grow an aluminum nitride crystal while growing a hexagonal silicon crystal.
- the hexagonal silicon crystal grown by the present invention is a hexagonal shape of pure silicon single crystal, and is therefore useful in fields related to the silicon industry, for example, solar cells and medical fields.
- the difference between the direct and indirect band gaps is relatively small, the range of the absorption wavelength of sunlight in the ultraviolet region is widened, so that the efficiency of the solar cell increases by more than 10% due to the material properties, and can be used as a material for a light emitting device [ 10].
- the thermal conductivity is lowered by more than 40% than that of general square silicon crystal [11]. It has great application in the existing silicon-related industries such as electronic devices and microphotonics.
- FIG. 1 is a view showing a hexagonal silicon crystal growth apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a reaction boat that can be used in the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram in which hexagonal silicon crystal growth is performed according to the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing that a hexagonal silicon crystal is separated while growing according to the present invention.
- 5A to 5G are FE-SEM photographs of hexagonal silicon crystals grown according to Experimental Examples of the present invention.
- FIGS 6A and 6B are diagrams showing results of energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) spectra for hexagonal silicon crystals and nuclei grown according to the present invention.
- EDS energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
- 7A to 7D are views for explaining a composition distribution of a root portion of a hexagonal silicon crystal.
- FIGS. 8A to 8C are results of EDS spectra at different positions in the hexagonal silicon crystal, and FIGS. 8D to 8F are Raman spectra results.
- 9A and 9B are diagrams showing XRD 2 ⁇ / ⁇ scan results related to hexagonal silicon crystals grown according to the present invention.
- 10A to 10D are graphs showing the relationship between the size (length, diameter), weight, and growth time of hexagonal silicon crystals.
- FIG. 11 is a photograph of a hexagonal silicon crystal grown in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a view showing a hexagonal silicon crystal growth apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- the hexagonal silicon crystal growth apparatus is an apparatus for growing hexagonal silicon crystals by the HVPE method.
- the hexagonal silicon crystal growth apparatus is largely a reaction tube 100, a mixed raw material portion 210 and a substrate mounting portion 220 disposed in the reaction tube 100, various reaction gases in the reaction tube 100 It includes a gas supply unit 300 for supplying, and a heating unit 400 for heating the inside of the reaction tube 100.
- the reaction tube 100 is preferably a quartz tube
- the heating unit 400 is preferably a hot wall furnace composed of three general heater furnaces, but limited to this. It doesn't work.
- a mixed raw material 230 in which silicon (Si), aluminum (Al), and gallium (Ga) are mixed is disposed in the mixed raw material part 210.
- silicon is a raw material for growing a hexagonal Si crystal, and metallic grade silicon may be used.
- Aluminum acts as a catalyst for the nucleation required to grow a hexagonal Si crystal.
- gallium melts silicon, which is a raw material, and promotes the reaction with the halogenated reaction gas described below, prevents oxidation of the raw material, and facilitates contact with the halogenated reaction gas, and promotes nuclear growth on the substrate, such as aluminum. It acts as a catalyst for
- the mixing ratio of silicon: aluminum: gallium of the mixed raw material is 1 to 10: 1 to 5: 1, preferably 1 to 5: 1 to 5: 1.
- the substrate mounting unit 220 is equipped with a first substrate 250 on which hexagonal silicon crystals are grown, and a collection substrate 240 disposed under the first substrate for growth and used to collect the hexagonal silicon crystals.
- the first substrate 250 is a silicon substrate and is disposed so that the crystal growth surface faces downward. That is, the hexagonal silicon crystal grows below the first substrate 250.
- the first substrate 250 may be a Si(111) substrate or a Si(100) substrate, and may be used regardless of the surface direction.
- the collection substrate 240 is a substrate for collecting the hexagonal silicon crystals grown on the first substrate 250 for growth when they fall down by their own weight. Accordingly, the collection substrate 240 is vertically spaced apart from the first substrate 250 and is disposed under the first substrate 250. In addition, the collection substrate 240 may have a flat plate shape, and alternatively, may have a tray shape in which a guide is installed on the side as shown in FIG. 2. The collection substrate 240 may use one substrate selected from the group consisting of silicon, sapphire, silicon carbide, quartz, and ceramic. The distance between the first substrate 250 and the collection substrate 240 may be adjusted according to the desired growth length of the hexagonal silicon crystal.
- the distance between the first substrate 250 and the collection substrate 240 may be 5 mm or more.
- a holding mechanism for holding the first substrate 250 is omitted for convenience, but an appropriate holding mechanism may be used.
- the gas supply unit 300 includes an atmospheric gas supply unit 310 for supplying an atmospheric gas such as nitrogen, a nitridation reaction gas supply unit 320 for supplying a nitridation reaction gas such as ammonia (NH 3 ), and hydrogen chloride (HCl).
- a halogenated reaction gas supply unit 330 for supplying a halogenated reaction gas is provided, and each gas supply unit supplies gas to the reaction tube 100 through supply pipes 311, 321, and 331.
- the atmospheric gas supply unit 310 supplies an atmosphere gas, for example nitrogen, to the substrate mounting unit 220 of the mixed raw material unit 210 through the atmospheric gas supply pipe 311, so that the reaction tube 100 and the reaction boat ( 200) Not only makes the inside of a nitrogen atmosphere, but also moves the trichlorinated silane and metal chloride gases (AlCl n , GaCl n ) generated by the mixing and halogenation reaction gas to the substrate mounting part 220 and the reaction tube 100 It is possible to stably maintain the gas flow inside.
- an atmosphere gas for example nitrogen
- the halogenation reaction gas supply pipe 331 connected to the halogenation reaction gas supply unit 330 directly ejects the halogenated reaction gas to the mixed raw material installed in the mixed raw material unit 210, and thus trichlorinated silane and metal chloride gases (AlCl n , GaCl promotes the production of n ).
- the nitridation reaction gas supply pipe 321 connected to the nitridation reaction gas supply unit 320 supplies the nitridation reaction gas to the substrate mounting unit 220. Therefore, the outlet of the nitriding reaction gas supply pipe 321 is preferably disposed near the substrate mounting portion 220.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of a reaction boat 200 in which the mixed raw material part 210 and the substrate mounting part 220 are integrated in the embodiment of FIG. 1. That is, the reaction boat 200 is largely composed of a mixed raw material part 210 and a substrate mounting part 220, and a mixed raw material mixed with silicon, aluminum and gallium is disposed in the mixed raw material part 210, and the substrate mounting part 220 ), the first substrate 250 and the collection substrate 240 are mounted.
- a mixed raw material obtained by mixing solid silicon, aluminum, and gallium is placed in the mixed raw material part 210, and the mixing ratio of silicon: aluminum: gallium of the mixed raw material is 1 to 10: 1 to 5: 1 , Preferably it is 1-5:1-5:1.
- the first substrate 250 is mounted on the upper side of the substrate mounting unit 220, and the collection substrate 240 is mounted on the lower side.
- the heater 400 is operated to heat the reaction tube 100 to 1100-1300°C.
- nitrogen which is an atmospheric gas
- a predetermined amount of ammonia which is a nitridation reaction gas
- the nitridation reaction gas supply pipe 321 for supplying the nitridation reaction gas is formed of a quartz tube, and supplies the nitridation reaction gas to the substrate mounting unit 220.
- hydrogen chloride which is a halogenated reaction gas
- the supplied hydrogen chloride reacts with silicon, aluminum and gallium, which are mixed raw materials, respectively.
- silicon reacts with hydrogen chloride to generate silane trichloride (Si+3HCl ⁇ SiHCl 3 +H 2 )
- aluminum reacts with hydrogen chloride to generate AlCl
- gallium diffuses on the surfaces of aluminum and silicon among the mixed raw materials, thereby removing most of the oxide and nitride films formed on the surfaces of aluminum and silicon. That is, oxidation and nitriding occur in silicon and aluminum in a high-temperature atmosphere, but as a small amount of gallium diffuses on these surfaces, the oxide film and the nitride film are removed and activated during the heating process. Thus, gallium activates aluminum and promotes the reaction of aluminum with hydrogen chloride, thereby promoting the formation of AlCl.
- gallium inhibits the formation of an oxide film and a nitride film on the surface of silicon, thereby promoting a reaction with silicon and hydrogen chloride gas, thereby promoting the formation of silane trichloride (SiHCl 3 ).
- silane trichloride SiHCl 3
- SiHCl 3 , AlCl and GaCl n generated by the reaction of the mixed raw material and hydrogen chloride react with ammonia as a nitridation reaction gas in the first substrate 250 of the substrate mounting part 220 to form hexagonal silicon crystals on the surface of the substrate 250. It forms a dragon core.
- the hexagonal silicon crystal nucleus When the hexagonal silicon crystal nucleus is formed, adsorbed atoms (adatoms) are grown, and at the beginning of growth, a nucleus of Si containing Al and N is formed by the mixed AlCl. These Si nuclei start out in an amorphous state (amorphous semiconductor, non- ⁇ , Amorphous). At this time, as described above, since the oxide film and the nitride film on the aluminum surface were removed by gallium among the mixed raw materials, a relatively high partial pressure of AlCl can be obtained by the reaction of aluminum and hydrogen chloride (HCl), so that Al and N are included. Si nuclei formation becomes possible.
- HCl hydrogen chloride
- gallium of the mixed raw material is consumed quickly first, and then the gallium existing on the aluminum surface is completely exhausted, thereby reducing the amount of aluminum supplied. Thereafter, after the gallium dissolved in silicon is completely exhausted, the supply of raw materials is rapidly caused by pure silicon, and the growth of hexagonal silicon crystals proceeds as the main growth mode by the high partial pressure of silane trichloride in the substrate mounting part 220. .
- the partial pressure of silane trichloride is also rapidly decreased due to consumption of the silicon raw material, and then, a triangular pyramid-shaped silicon crystal is grown.
- a triangular pyramid-shaped silicon crystal is grown.
- square silicon crystals ((111), (-111), (11-1), (1-11) directions), which are the unique structures of silicon crystals, tend to grow rather than hexagonal silicon crystals.
- hexagonal silicon crystal is already the parent body, the direction of the stacking fault seems to play a role in reducing the three sides of the hexagon, resulting in deformation.
- the temperature of the heating unit 400 is decreased after a certain growth time, the temperature is lowered and the growth is completed with a crystal in the shape of a sharp triangular pyramid.
- the shape of such a triangular pyramid may be converted into a rhombohedral structure or a trigonal structure.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram in which hexagonal silicon crystal growth is performed.
- (a) is a process of forming a nucleus, where SiHCl 3 , AlCl, GaCl n and ammonia gas react to adsorb gallium and aluminum on the silicon substrate, and silicon parasitic, forming a nucleus containing most of silicon.
- (b) parasitic Si containing Al and N is grown in an amorphous form, and hexagonal Si begins to grow regardless of the orientation of the substrate in a surface area of 20 to 100 ⁇ m 2 .
- (c) a silicon crystal grows.
- SiHCl 3 due to the high partial pressure of SiHCl 3 , Si is selected to have the most stable hexagonal structure, and the hexagonal silicon crystal grows. Silicon, whose structure was selected as a hexagonal crystal, was grown by rapid growth to form a hexagonal crystal structure with a diameter of several tens of ⁇ m and a length of several mm.SiHCl 3 was consumed as shown in (d), and it grew from a hexagonal to a triangular pyramidal structure. Complete. The shape of such a triangular pyramid may be converted into a rhombohedral structure or a trigonal structure.
- the hexagonal silicon crystal grows in a shape hanging upside down on the first substrate 250, when it reaches a predetermined weight, it is separated from the first substrate 250 by its own weight and collected as the collection substrate 240.
- the surface area of the nucleus of the hexagonal silicon crystal is 20 ⁇ m 2 or more, and the separation starts when the weight is about 2.0 x 10 -8 N or more, preferably 2.7 x 10 -8 N to 3.0 x 10 -8 N or more. Separated.
- the weight of the hexagonal silicon crystal at which the separation begins first becomes approximately 2mm in terms of length.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing that the hexagonal crystals are separated while growing on the first substrate, starting from (a), nuclei are formed in (b) (c), and hexagonal silicon crystals are grown in (d)-(e). , (f) shows the process of separating these crystals, and the hexagonal silicon substrate is gathered on the collection substrate in (g). Parts marked with (1) to (4) of FIG. 4 are enlarged one hexagonal silicon crystal to show processes (a)-(d).
- the hexagonal silicon crystal, which has been grown may be separated from the first substrate 250 by its own weight, but is not limited thereto. For example, it is possible to forcibly separate the hexagonal silicon crystal after growing to a predetermined length by setting an appropriate growth time.
- the results of growing hexagonal silicon crystals under the experimental conditions in Table 2 are as follows. That is, hydrogen chloride, ammonia, and nitrogen gas were constantly supplied at 100 sccm, 1000 sccm, and 5000 sccm, respectively.
- the growth temperature was 1150°C and the growth time was 2 hours. At this time, the maximum growth rate of the hexagonal silicon crystal was 3.8 mm/h, and hexagonal silicon crystals having a length of 7 mm or longer were grown.
- As the mixed raw material 10 g of Si, 10 g of Al, and 10 g of Ga were used.
- the hexagonal silicon crystals thus obtained are shown in Table 3 below.
- 5A to 5G are FE-SEM photographs of hexagonal silicon crystals grown according to Experimental Examples of the present invention.
- 5A is a separated hexagonal silicon crystal, and the hexagonal silicon crystal has a needle-like shape.
- 5B is a surface of the first substrate 250 from which hexagonal silicon crystals are separated, and FIG. 5C is an enlarged view of FIG. 5B.
- 5D is an enlarged view of the middle portion of the hexagonal silicon crystal of FIG. 5A, and it can be seen that the diameter is 20 ⁇ m.
- 5E is an enlarged tip of the hexagonal silicon crystal, and it can be confirmed that it has a triangular pyramid shape, and in FIG. 5F, the tip of about 130 nm can be confirmed by further expanding this.
- 5G is a root portion of a hexagonal silicon crystal, and it can be seen that the diameter of the root portion having a diameter of 5 ⁇ m is confirmed, which corresponds to the size of the nucleus in FIG. 5C.
- FIGS 6A and 6B are results of energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) spectra of hexagonal silicon crystals and nuclei grown according to the present invention, respectively.
- EDS energy dispersive spectrometer
- FIGS. 7A to 7D are views for explaining a composition distribution of a root portion of a hexagonal silicon crystal.
- FIG. 7A the amorphous state of Si (round-shaped amorphous) can be confirmed.
- hexagonal Si could not be grown.
- FIGS. 7B to 7D the results of measuring the composition distribution of the root portion of the hexagonal silicon crystal through EDS mapping are shown in FIGS. 7B to 7D.
- Fig. 7b is an AlK component
- Fig. 7c is an NK component
- Fig. 7d is a SiK component.
- the Si composition is very high and shows a uniform composition distribution.
- FIGS. 7B and 7C it can be seen that the Al composition and the N composition are respectively higher as they descend toward the bottom of the root (toward the substrate). Therefore, it can be confirmed that Al contributes to the nuclear growth.
- FIGS. 8A to 8C are results of EDS spectra at different positions in the hexagonal silicon crystal, and FIGS. 8D to 8F are Raman spectra results.
- FIG. 8A is an EDS spectrum for the vicinity of the root of the hexagonal silicon crystal
- FIG. 8B is the middle part
- FIG. 8C is the EDS spectrum for the tip (marked with a cross). It can be confirmed that there is.
- Figures 8d to 8f are Raman spectrum results for examining the change in structural properties of the hexagonal silicon crystal, and were measured at room temperature (300 °K) using a Thermo Fisher Scientific 532 nm laser DXR 2 Smart Raman Spectrometer.
- the main Raman peak of single crystal Si is 520 cm -1 , in the case of Si nanowires at 518 cm -1 , and in the case of amorphous Si, a clear Raman peak is obtained at 480 cm -1 , so the hexagonal silicon crystal of the present invention is It can be seen that this is a Raman peak of a pure Si single crystal in a form different from that of single crystal Si, Si nanowire, or amorphous Si. 515cm -1 in FIG. 8e, 508cm -1, the Raman peak at 498cm -1 is known as a phonon mode by phonon vibration of a hexagonal structure with Si and 512 cm -1 in Figure 8d.
- the hexagonal silicon crystal according to the present invention is pure Si in which no other materials are mixed at all. It is confirmed that it is.
- 8F is a cross-sectional Raman measurement result of a hexagonal silicon crystal, a Raman peak was obtained at a position of 562.7 cm ⁇ 1 , which is an important peak measurement value that can be seen as a hexagonal silicon crystal.
- FIGS. 9A and 9B are diagrams showing XRD 2 ⁇ / ⁇ scan results related to hexagonal silicon crystals grown according to the present invention.
- Si(220), Si(311), Si(400), Si(422) peaks are all related to the hexagonal structure or triangular pyramid shape in the Si(111) direction, as shown in the Raman spectrum result of FIG. It can be seen that the hexagonal silicon crystal of was grown.
- Figure 9b shows the results measured by the three-dimensional X-ray measurement method, (112), (210) or (120), (300), (116) plane and hexagonal Si JCPDS (ICDD) 76936 (the world's largest XRD database) It can be confirmed that it is a hexagonal silicon crystal by completely agreeing with the result.
- the hexagonal silicon crystal of the present invention is a D46h space group of the value of the direct band gap (1.69 eV at the ⁇ -point) of the stacking array of ABABABAB. .
- FIG. 10A to 10D are graphs showing the relationship between the size (length, diameter), weight, and growth time of hexagonal silicon crystals.
- FIG. 10A is a graph showing the relationship between the growth time and the diameter, a graph simulating the size of the diameter when growing at an arbitrary growth time to be. For example, when the growth time is 120 minutes, the diameter becomes 50 ⁇ m.
- 10B is a graph simulating the maximum length that can be grown to a predetermined diameter. For example, for a diameter of 50 ⁇ m, the maximum length is expected to be 7 mm.
- 11 is a photograph showing that the length of the hexagonal silicon grown according to the present invention is approximately 13 mm.
- the weight at which the separation starts is about 2.0 x 10 -8 N, preferably 2.7 x 10 -8 N to 3.0 x 10 -8 N or more, so, for example, when the diameter is 50 ⁇ m, 4 mm ⁇ Hexagonal silicon crystals of up to 7 mm or more can coexist with a minimum length between 5 mm.
- the weight is 4.91 x 10 -7 N, separated by its own weight at 4.5 mm, or the surface area of the nucleus is the minimum value of 20 ⁇ m 2 (5 ⁇ m x 5 ⁇ m ) Larger than 100 ⁇ m 2 (10 ⁇ m x 10 ⁇ m), the force attached to the substrate increases and can be separated by its own weight after growing by 7 mm or more.
- 10D is a graph simulating growth time and minimum length. According to the graph of FIG. 10D, it can be predicted that hexagonal silicon of at most 20 mm or more can be formed at 2 mm or more after 25 minutes of growth time.
- the hexagonal silicon crystal growth apparatus is similar to the first embodiment, but a second substrate 260 for growing AlN crystals is further mounted on the substrate mounting portion 220. That is, the second substrate 260 is mounted so that the first substrate 250 and the collection substrate 240 are spaced apart from each other so that the crystal growth surface faces upward.
- the second substrate 260 is a substrate made of a material selected from the group consisting of silicon, sapphire, silicon carbide, quartz, and ceramic.
- a mixed raw material obtained by mixing solid silicon, aluminum, and gallium is disposed in the mixed raw material part 210, and the first substrate 250 and the collecting substrate 240 are disposed in the substrate mounting part 220. ) And the second substrate 260 are mounted.
- the heater 400 is operated to heat the reaction tube 100 to 1100-1300°C.
- nitrogen which is an atmospheric gas
- a predetermined amount of ammonia which is a nitridation reaction gas
- the nitridation reaction gas supply pipe 321 for supplying the nitridation reaction gas is formed of a quartz tube, and supplies the nitridation reaction gas to the substrate mounting unit 220.
- hydrogen chloride which is a halogenated reaction gas
- the supplied hydrogen chloride reacts with silicon, aluminum and gallium which are mixed raw materials, respectively, to generate silane trichloride, AlCl, and GaCl n .
- These trichlorinated silane, AlCl and GaCl n react with ammonia as a nitridation reaction gas in the first substrate 250 of the substrate mounting unit 220 to form a hexagonal silicon crystal nucleus on the surface of the substrate 250, and In the second substrate 260, similarly to the first substrate, AlCl and GaCl n form an AlN growth nucleus.
- hexagonal silicon crystals are grown on the first substrate 250, and the metal chloride gas and ammonia gas react on the second substrate 260 to grow the AlN crystal layer.
- the nitridation reaction gas supply pipe 321 is branched into the first substrate 250 and the second substrate 260 (though not shown) to supply more ammonia gas toward the second substrate 260, the first substrate ( 250) contributes to the nucleus growth of the hexagonal silicon crystal to a minimum, and the rest can be used for the growth of the AlN crystal layer.
- a large amount of hexagonal silicon crystals can be grown by the HVPE method using a mixed raw material composed of silicon, aluminum, and gallium. These hexagonal silicon crystals have a large size (in mm) and have a stable hexagonal crystal structure at room temperature and pressure.
- the present invention can control the silicon crystal growth rate by controlling the mixing ratio of silicon, aluminum, and gallium of the mixed raw material, and according to the crystal growth, the diameter, length, and shape of the tip can be adjusted.
- the hexagonal silicon crystal growth apparatus and method according to the present invention can grow hexagonal silicon crystals regardless of the surface arrangement of the silicon substrate.
- the present invention can grow an aluminum nitride crystal while growing a hexagonal silicon crystal.
- the hexagonal silicon crystal grown by the present invention is a hexagonal of pure Si single crystal, it is useful in fields related to the silicon industry, such as solar cells and medical fields, and the difference between direct and indirect bandgap is relatively small, so microphotonics It is very useful in the field.
- the hexagonal silicon crystal grown by the present invention can be used as a seed for manufacturing large-area hexagonal silicon, and when the hexagonal silicon crystal formed in the present invention is cut into a triangular pyramid, it has a semimetal characteristic.
- silicon crystals having a rhombohedral structure or a trigonal structure can be simultaneously obtained.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (20)
- 육각형 실리콘 결정 성장 장치로서,반응관;상기 반응관 내의 일측에 배치되며, 고체 상태인 실리콘과, 알루미늄과, 갈륨을 혼합한 혼합 원료가 장착되는 혼합 원료부;상기 혼합 원료부에 할로겐화 반응 가스를 공급하는 할로겐화 반응 가스 공급관;상기 반응관 내의 타측에 배치되어, 결정 성장면이 아래쪽을 향하도록 배치되는 제1 기판이 장착되는 기판 장착부;상기 기판 장착부에 질화 반응 가스를 공급하는 질화 반응 가스 공급관; 및상기 반응관을 가열하는 가열부를 포함하고상기 가열부는 상기 반응관을 1100-1300℃의 온도 범위로 가열하는 육각형 실리콘 결정 성장 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 혼합 원료의 실리콘: 알루미늄: 갈륨의 혼합비는 1~10 : 1~5 : 1인 육각형 실리콘 결정 성장 장치.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 혼합 원료의 실리콘: 알루미늄: 갈륨의 혼합비는 1~5 : 1~5 : 1인 육각형 실리콘 결정 성장 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 혼합 원료의 실리콘은 금속급 실리콘(Metallurgical Grade Silicon)인 육각형 실리콘 결정 성장 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 제1 기판은 실리콘 기판인 육각형 실리콘 결정 성장 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 기판 장착부에, 상기 제1 기판과 수직 방향으로 이격되어, 상기 제1 기판 하부에 배치되는 수집용 기판이 장착되는 육각형 실리콘 결정 성장 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 기판 장착부에, 상기 제1 기판과 이격되어, 결정 성장면이 위쪽을 향하도록 배치되는 제2 기판이 장착되는 육각형 실리콘 결정 성장 장치.
- 제7항에 있어서, 상기 제2 기판은 실리콘, 사파이어, 실리콘 카바이드, 석영 및 세라믹으로 이루어진 그룹에서 선택되는 재질의 기판인 육각형 실리콘 결정 성장 장치.
- 육각형 실리콘 결정 성장 방법으로서,반응관 일측에 고체 상태인 실리콘과, 알루미늄과, 갈륨을 혼합한 혼합 원료를 배치하는 단계;상기 반응관 타측에, 결정 성장면이 아래쪽을 향하도록 제1 기판을 배치하는 기판 배치 단계;상기 반응관을 1100-1300℃범위의 온도로 가열하는 단계;상기 혼합 원료에 할로겐화 반응 가스를 공급하는 단계;상기 제1 기판에 질화 반응 가스를 공급하는 단계;상기 혼합 원료와 할로겐화 반응 가스가 반응하여 3 염화 실레인 가스 및 금속 염화물 가스를 생성하는 단계;상기 생성된 3 염화 실레인 가스 및 금속 염화물 가스가 질화 반응 가스와 반응하여 상기 제1 기판 상에 핵을 생성하는 단계; 및상기 생성된 핵을 중심으로 육각형 실리콘 결정이 성장하는 단계를 포함하는 육각형 실리콘 결정 성장 방법.
- 제9항에 있어서, 상기 생성된 육각형 실리콘 결정이 성장하는 단계 후에,3 염화 실레인 가스의 분압이 감소하여 삼각뿔 형태의 결정이 성장하는 단계를 포함하는 육각형 실리콘 결정 성장 방법.
- 제9항에 있어서,상기 육각형 실리콘 결정의 무게가 2.0 x 10-8 N이상일 때, 상기 육각형 실리콘 결정이 상기 제1 기판과 분리되는 단계를 포함하는 육각형 실리콘 결정 성장 방법.
- 제11항에 있어서, 상기 분리 단계는 육각형 실리콘 결정의 무게가 2.7 x 10-8 N 이상에서 이루어지는 육각형 실리콘 결정 성장 방법.
- 제11항에 있어서, 상기 분리 단계는 핵의 표면 면적이 20μm2 이상인 육각형 실리콘 결정 성장 방법.
- 제9항에 있어서, 상기 기판 배치 단계는, 상기 제1 기판과 수직 방향으로 이격되어 상기 제1 기판의 하부에 수집용 기판을 배치하는 단계를 포함하고,상기 방법은, 상기 분리 단계에서 분리된 육각형 실리콘 결정은 수집용 기판에 수집되는 단계를 더 포함하는 육각형 실리콘 결정 성장 방법.
- 제9항에 있어서, 상기 기판 배치 단계는, 상기 제1 기판과 이격되어, 결정 성장면이 위쪽을 향하도록 제2 기판을 배치하는 단계를 포함하는 육각형 실리콘 결정 성장 방법.
- 제15항에 있어서,상기 제2 기판에 질화 알루미늄 결정이 성장하는 단계를 더 포함하는 육각형 실리콘 결정 성장 방법.
- 제9항에 있어서, 상기 혼합 원료의 혼합 원료의 실리콘: 알루미늄: 갈륨의 혼합비는 1~10 : 1~5 : 1인 육각형 실리콘 결정 성장 방법.
- 제9항에 있어서, 상기 혼합 원료의 실리콘의 혼합비가 높을수록 상기 육각형 실리콘 결정의 성장률이 높아지는 육각형 실리콘 결정 성장 방법.
- 제9항에 있어서, 상기 혼합 원료의 실리콘의 혼합비가 높을수록 상기 육각형 실리콘 결정의 길이 및/또는 직경이 커지는 육각형 실리콘 결정 성장 방법.
- 제9항 내지 제19항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 방법에 의하여 형성된 육각형 실리콘 결정.
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KR20110069770A (ko) * | 2008-09-09 | 2011-06-23 | 칫소가부시키가이샤 | 고순도 결정 실리콘, 고순도 사염화규소 및 이들의 제조 방법 |
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