WO2021023009A1 - 调光膜、背光模组、显示装置 - Google Patents

调光膜、背光模组、显示装置 Download PDF

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WO2021023009A1
WO2021023009A1 PCT/CN2020/103434 CN2020103434W WO2021023009A1 WO 2021023009 A1 WO2021023009 A1 WO 2021023009A1 CN 2020103434 W CN2020103434 W CN 2020103434W WO 2021023009 A1 WO2021023009 A1 WO 2021023009A1
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Prior art keywords
layer
substrate
film
adsorption
dimming film
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PCT/CN2020/103434
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱贺玲
李鑫
桑建
张树柏
常康乐
禹璐
Original Assignee
京东方科技集团股份有限公司
北京京东方光电科技有限公司
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Priority to US17/265,691 priority Critical patent/US20210191192A1/en
Publication of WO2021023009A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021023009A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133524—Light-guides, e.g. fibre-optic bundles, louvered or jalousie light-guides
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/1323—Arrangements for providing a switchable viewing angle
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
    • G02B1/18—Coatings for keeping optical surfaces clean, e.g. hydrophobic or photo-catalytic films
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
    • G02F1/133606—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
    • G02F1/133606—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members
    • G02F1/133607—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members the light controlling member including light directing or refracting elements, e.g. prisms or lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
    • G02F2203/03—Function characteristic scattering

Definitions

  • the present disclosure belongs to the field of display technology, and specifically relates to a dimming film, a backlight module, and a display device.
  • the privacy film can be arranged between the liquid crystal display panel and the backlight module, which can control the light emitted by the backlight module to have a certain directivity, thereby preventing others from peeping the current display content from a relatively biased viewing angle.
  • a dimming film including:
  • a first electrode layer disposed on the side of the first substrate facing the second substrate;
  • a second electrode layer disposed on the side of the second substrate facing the first substrate
  • a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer disposed between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer;
  • An anti-adsorption surface layer located on the side of the first substrate facing away from the second substrate and/or the side of the second substrate facing away from the first substrate, and the anti-adsorption surface layer is configured to inhibit The adsorption between the dimming film and the solid surface.
  • the anti-adsorption surface layer includes a matrix layer and a plurality of anti-adsorption particles, and the anti-adsorption particles extend beyond the surface of the matrix layer facing away from the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer.
  • the diameter of the anti-adsorption particles is greater than the thickness of the matrix layer.
  • the material of the matrix layer includes ultraviolet curing resin or thermosetting resin.
  • the matrix layer further includes at least one of a photopolymerization initiator, a curing agent, a crosslinking agent, and a photosensitizer.
  • the material of the anti-adsorption particles includes any one of silicone, polystyrene, polycarbonate, and calcium carbonate.
  • the height h of the anti-adsorption particle protruding from the surface of the matrix layer where it is located satisfies: h ⁇ 1um.
  • the diameter D of the anti-adsorption particles satisfies: 2um ⁇ D ⁇ 4um.
  • the static friction coefficient k between the anti-adsorption surface layer and the lower polarizer satisfies: k ⁇ 0.35.
  • the static friction coefficient k between the anti-adsorption surface layer and the privacy film satisfies: k ⁇ 0.35.
  • the contact angle a of the distilled water relative to the surface of the anti-adsorption surface layer facing away from the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer satisfies: a ⁇ 70°.
  • the first substrate includes a substrate layer, an anti-scratch layer, and an inner coating layer that are sequentially stacked in a direction from the first substrate to the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer.
  • the second substrate includes a substrate layer, an anti-scratch layer, and an inner coating layer that are sequentially stacked in a direction from the second substrate to the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer.
  • the material of the substrate layer and the scratch-resistant layer includes polyethylene terephthalate.
  • the material of the inner coating layer includes polyester resin or silicone resin.
  • a backlight module including a stacked dimming film and a privacy film, the dimming film being the dimming film provided according to the first aspect of the present disclosure
  • the dimming film includes an anti-absorption surface layer on the side of the second substrate facing away from the first substrate, and
  • the privacy film is located on a side of the anti-adsorption surface layer away from the second substrate.
  • the backlight module further includes an optical film, which is located on a side of the privacy film away from the anti-adsorption surface layer.
  • the optical film is a prism film, a diffusion film or a light guide plate.
  • a display device including a stacked display panel and a dimming film, the dimming film being the dimming film provided according to the first aspect of the present disclosure.
  • the display device further includes a lower polarizer, a mirror and an optical film,
  • the display panel, the lower polarizer, the dimming film, the privacy mirror, and the optical film are stacked in order, and
  • the dimming film includes an anti-adsorption surface layer on a side of the first substrate facing away from the second substrate and a side of the second substrate facing away from the first substrate.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dimming film according to an embodiment of the disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a detailed structural schematic diagram of a part of the structure of a dimming film according to an embodiment of the disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a detailed structural diagram of a part of the structure of a dimming film according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a backlight module according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • a dimming film is provided between the liquid crystal display panel and the privacy film.
  • the function of the dimming film is to change the degree of light divergence, so that the light with strong directivity emitted by the privacy film has controllable divergence characteristics after passing through the dimming film.
  • the related art has the problem of adsorption between the dimming film and the privacy film, and the problem of adsorption between the dimming film and the display panel or the lower polarizer provided on the display panel, which may cause water-stained display failure.
  • this embodiment provides a dimming film.
  • the dimming film includes a first substrate 13 and a second substrate 16 opposed to each other, and a first electrode disposed on the side of the first substrate 13 facing the second substrate 16
  • the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer 11 may be formed by mixing liquid crystals and high molecular polymers.
  • different voltages are applied between the first electrode layer 12 and the second electrode layer 15 to control the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer 11 between them to be in either order or disorder.
  • the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer 11 When the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer 11 is in an orderly state, it has no scattering effect on light, and the collimated light directed to the light-adjusting film remains in the collimated state after exiting the light-adjusting film.
  • the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer 11 is in a disordered state, it has a scattering effect on light, and the collimated light emitted to the light-adjustable film has a larger divergence angle when it exits the light-adjustable film.
  • the dimming film can be used in a backlight module or a display device.
  • One surface thereof is opposite to the privacy film 21 and the other surface is opposite to the display panel 32.
  • the lower polarizer 31 is usually attached to the lower surface thereof.
  • the light-adjusting film provided in this embodiment is also provided with an anti-adsorption surface layer 14.
  • the dimming film also includes an anti-adsorption surface layer 14 on the side of the first substrate 13 facing away from the second substrate 16 and/or the side of the second substrate 16 facing away from the first substrate 13, and the anti-adsorption surface layer 14 is used for To inhibit the adsorption between the dimmer film and the solid surface.
  • the anti-adsorption surface layer 14 includes a matrix layer 141 and a plurality of anti-adsorption particles 142, and the anti-adsorption particles 142 extend beyond the surface of the matrix layer 141 facing away from the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer 11. That is, the anti-adsorption particles 142 (specifically, hard tiny particles) make the surface of the dimming film appear as a relatively rough surface, so that the adsorption effect between the dimming film and the solid surface is suppressed.
  • the diameter of the anti-adsorption particles 142 is greater than the thickness of the matrix layer 141. In this way, it can be ensured that when the anti-adsorption particles 142 and the matrix layer 141 are manufactured as an integral structure, the anti-adsorption particles 142 can extend beyond the surface of the matrix layer 141 facing away from the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer 11.
  • the material of the matrix layer 141 includes ultraviolet curing resin or thermosetting resin.
  • it is ultraviolet curable resin material such as acrylic resin, urethane acrylate resin, polyester acrylate resin, or thermosetting resin material such as tri-urethane resin and polyurethane resin.
  • the matrix layer 141 may contain other additives, for example, a photopolymerization initiator, a curing agent, a crosslinking agent, a photosensitizer, etc. or a combination thereof.
  • the matrix layer 141 also serves as a hard coat.
  • the anti-adsorption surface layer 14 can be prepared by mixing the anti-adsorption particles 142 into these materials and then hardening. It should be noted that in this embodiment, a very thin layer of material of the matrix layer 141 is usually attached to the surface of the finally prepared anti-adsorption surface layer 14 where the matrix layer 141 and the anti-adsorption particles 142 are exposed. .
  • the material of the anti-adsorption particles 142 includes any one of silicone, polystyrene, polycarbonate, and calcium carbonate.
  • the anti-adsorption particles 142 made of these materials have been commercially available.
  • the height h of the anti-adsorption particles 142 protruding from the surface of the matrix layer 141 satisfies: h ⁇ 1um.
  • Table 1 The influence of the size of anti-adsorption particles on the adsorption effect and display effect
  • the static friction coefficient k between the anti-adsorption surface layer 14 and the lower polarizer 31 satisfies: k ⁇ 0.35.
  • the static friction coefficient k between the anti-adsorption surface layer 14 and the privacy film 21 satisfies: k ⁇ 0.35. The inventor found that the smaller the static friction coefficient between the anti-adsorption surface layer 14 and other solid surfaces, the better the desorption effect.
  • the contact angle a of the distilled water with respect to the surface of the anti-adsorption surface layer 14 facing away from the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer 11 satisfies: a ⁇ 70°.
  • the first substrate 13 includes a substrate layer 131, an anti-scratch layer 132, and an inner coating 133 that are sequentially stacked along the direction from the first substrate 13 to the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer 11.
  • the second substrate 16 includes a substrate layer 161, an anti-scratch layer 162, and an inner coating 163 that are sequentially stacked along the direction from the second substrate 16 to the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer 11.
  • the material of the base material layers 131 and 161 can usually be polyethylene terephthalate, which has high light transmittance, low rainbow patterns caused by surface hardening treatment, and low thermal shrinkage.
  • the materials of the anti-scratch layers 132 and 162 can be the same as the material of the aforementioned matrix layer 141.
  • the materials of the inner coating layers 133 and 163 are, for example, polyester resin, silicone resin, and the like. The function of the inner coatings 133 and 163 is to provide a flat surface for the first electrode layer 12 and the second electrode layer 15 described above.
  • this embodiment provides a backlight module, which includes a stacked dimming film and a privacy film 21, and the dimming film is the dimming film of the foregoing embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 also shows the optical film 22 on the side of the privacy film 21 facing away from the light-adjusting film.
  • the optical film 22 is, for example, a prism sheet, a diffusion sheet, a light guide plate, or the like.
  • the other parts of the backlight module can be designed according to the conventional scheme, so they are not shown.
  • the adsorption effect between the dimming film and the privacy film 21 in the backlight module or the lower polarizer 31 after being subsequently assembled into a display device is suppressed or released, thereby ensuring the display quality.
  • this embodiment provides a display device, which includes a stacked display panel 32 and a dimming film, the dimming film being the dimming film of the above-mentioned embodiment.
  • the display device may be a device formed by bonding a liquid crystal display panel 32 and a dimming film, a liquid crystal display module, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a television, a monitor, a notebook computer, a digital photo frame, a navigator, etc. Products or parts with display functions.
  • the adsorption effect between the dimming film and the privacy film 21 (if any) or the lower polarizer 31 (if any) in the display device is suppressed or released, thereby ensuring the image quality of the display.
  • the lower polarizer 31 shown in FIG. 5 may also be a wire grid polarizer integrated inside the display panel 32. In this case, the adsorption effect between the dimming film and the display panel 32 is suppressed or eliminated.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
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Abstract

一种调光膜、背光模组、显示装置，调光膜包括相对的第一基底（13）和第二基底（16）；设置在第一基底（13）朝向第二基底（16）一侧的第一电极层（12）；设置在第二基底（16）朝向第一基底（13）一侧的第二电极层（15）；设置在第一电极层（12）和第二电极层（15）之间的聚合物分散液晶层（11）；位于第一基底（13）背向第二基底（16）的一侧和/或第二基底（16）背向第一基底（13）的一侧的抗吸附表面层（14），抗吸附表面层（14）构造为抑制调光膜与固体表面之间的吸附。

Description

调光膜、背光模组、显示装置 技术领域
本公开属于显示技术领域，具体涉及一种调光膜、一种背光模组、一种显示装置。
背景技术
防窥膜可设置在液晶显示面板与背光模组之间，其可以控制背光模组所发出的光具有一定指向性，从而防止他人从相对较偏的视角窥视当前的显示内容。
发明内容
根据本公开第一方面，提供一种调光膜，包括：
相对的第一基底和第二基底；
设置在所述第一基底朝向所述第二基底一侧的第一电极层；
设置在所述第二基底朝向所述第一基底一侧的第二电极层；
设置在所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层之间的聚合物分散液晶层；以及
位于所述第一基底背向所述第二基底的一侧和/或所述第二基底背向所述第一基底的一侧的抗吸附表面层，所述抗吸附表面层构造为抑制所述调光膜与固体表面之间的吸附。
在实施例中，所述抗吸附表面层包括基质层和多个抗吸附颗粒，所述抗吸附颗粒超出所述基质层的背向所述聚合物分散液晶层的表面。
在实施例中，所述抗吸附颗粒的直径大于所述基质层的厚度。
在实施例中，所述基质层的材料包括紫外固化树脂或热固化树脂。
在实施例中，所述基质层还包括光聚合引发剂、固化剂、交联剂、光敏剂中的至少一种。
在实施例中，所述抗吸附颗粒的材料包括有机硅、聚苯乙烯、 聚碳酸酯、碳酸钙中的任一项。
在实施例中，所述抗吸附颗粒凸出其所在基质层表面的高度h满足：h≥1um。
在实施例中，所述抗吸附颗粒的直径D满足：2um≤D≤4um。
在实施例中，所述抗吸附表面层与下偏光片之间静摩擦系数k满足：k≤0.35。
在实施例中，所述抗吸附表面层与防窥膜之间静摩擦系数k满足：k≤0.35。
在实施例中，蒸馏水相对于所述抗吸附表面层的背向所述聚合物分散液晶层的表面的接触角a满足：a≥70°。
在实施例中，所述第一基底包括沿从所述第一基底指向所述聚合物分散液晶层方向依次叠置的基材层、抗刮层、内涂层。
在实施例中，所述第二基底包括沿从所述第二基底指向所述聚合物分散液晶层方向依次叠置的基材层、抗刮层、内涂层。
在实施例中，所述基材层和所述抗刮层的材料包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
在实施例中，所述内涂层的材料包括聚酯树脂或硅氧烷树脂。
根据本公开第二方面，提供一种背光模组，包括叠置的调光膜和防窥膜，所述调光膜为根据本公开第一方面所提供的调光膜，
所述调光膜包括位于所述第二基底背向所述第一基底的一侧的抗吸附表面层，并且
所述防窥膜位于所述抗吸附表面层的背离所述第二基底的一侧。
在实施例中，背光模组还包括光学膜片，其位于所述防窥膜的背离所述抗吸附表面层的一侧。
在实施例中，所述光学膜片为棱镜片、扩散片或导光板。
根据本公开第三方面，提供一种显示装置，包括叠置的显示面板和调光膜，所述调光膜为根据本公开第一方面所提供的调光膜。
在实施例中，显示装置还包括下偏光片，防窥镜和光学膜片，
其中
所述显示面板、所述下偏光片、所述调光膜、所述防窥镜和所述光学膜片按顺序层叠设置，并且
所述调光膜包括位于所述第一基底背向所述第二基底的一侧和所述第二基底背向所述第一基底的一侧的抗吸附表面层。
附图说明
图1为本公开的实施例的一种调光膜的结构示意图；
图2为本公开的实施例的一种调光膜的部分结构的详细结构示意图；
图3为本公开的实施例的一种调光膜的部分结构的详细结构示意图；
图4为本公开的实施例的一种背光模组的结构示意图；
图5为本公开的实施例的一种显示装置的结构示意图；
具体实施方式
为使本领域技术人员更好地理解本公开的技术方案，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本公开作进一步详细描述。
为使液晶显示装置的光能够实现防窥显示与非防窥显示两种模式的切换，在相关技术中，将调光膜设置在液晶显示面板与防窥膜之间。调光膜的作用是改变光线的发散程度，从而使防窥膜射出的具有较强指向性的光在透过调光膜后具有可控的发散特性。
相关技术中存在调光膜与防窥膜之间吸附的问题，以及调光膜与显示面板或者显示面板上设置的下偏光片之间吸附的问题，这会造成水渍型的显示不良。
参见图1-图3，本实施例提供一种调光膜，调光膜包括相对的第一基底13和第二基底16、设置在第一基底13朝向第二基底16一侧的第一电极层12、设置在第二基底16朝向第一基底13一侧的第二电极层15、设置在第一电极层12和第二电极层15之间的聚合物分散液晶层11。
在实施例中，聚合物分散液晶层11可以由液晶和高分子聚合 物混合而成。
实际应用中，通过向第一电极层12和第二电极层15之间施加不同的电压，从而控制二者之间的聚合物分散液晶层11处于有序或无序两种状态。当聚合物分散液晶层11处于有序状态时，其对光线没有散射作用，射向调光膜的准直光线在射出调光膜依然保持准直状态。当聚合物分散液晶层11处于无序状态时，其对光线具有散射作用，射向调光膜的准直光线在射出调光膜具有较大的发散角度。
结合图4和图5，该调光膜可应用于背光模组或显示装置中。其一个表面与防窥膜21相对，另一个表面与显示面板32相对。以液晶显示面板为例，其下表面通常贴附下偏光片31。为了避免调光膜与防窥膜21或与下偏光片31之间的吸附，本实施例所提供的调光膜中还设置有抗吸附表面层14。
即，调光膜还包括位于第一基底13背向第二基底16的一侧和/或第二基底16背向第一基底13的一侧的抗吸附表面层14，抗吸附表面层14用于抑制调光膜与固体表面之间的吸附。
在实施例中，抗吸附表面层14包括基质层141和多个抗吸附颗粒142，抗吸附颗粒142超出基质层141的背向聚合物分散液晶层11的表面。即通过抗吸附颗粒142(具体为硬质的微小颗粒)使得调光膜的表面呈现为相对粗糙的表面，从而使得调光膜与固体表面之间的吸附效应得到抑制。
在实施例中，抗吸附颗粒142的直径大于基质层141的厚度。如此，可以保证抗吸附颗粒142在与基质层141制造为一体结构时，抗吸附颗粒142能够超出基质层141的背向聚合物分散液晶层11的表面。
在实施例中，基质层141的材料包括紫外固化树脂或热固化树脂。例如是丙烯酸树脂、氨基甲酸酯丙烯酸酯树脂、聚酯丙烯酸酯树脂等紫外线固化树脂材料或者三聚氨酯树脂、聚氨酯树脂等热固型树脂材料。当然基质层141层中可以含有其它添加剂，例如，光聚合引发剂、固化剂、交联剂、光敏剂等或其组合。在 这种实施方式中，基质层141兼具作为硬化层(Hard Coat)。可以通过将抗吸附颗粒142掺入这些材料后再硬化的方法制备得到抗吸附表面层14。需要说明的是，在这种实施方式中，最终制备得到的抗吸附表面层14的露出基质层141和抗吸附颗粒142的表面上，通常会贴附有非常薄的一层基质层141的材料。
在实施例中，抗吸附颗粒142的材料包括有机硅、聚苯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、碳酸钙中的任一项。这些材料构成的抗吸附颗粒142已有市售产品。
在实施例中，抗吸附颗粒142凸出基质层141表面的高度h满足：h≥1um。发明人发现，抗吸附颗粒142凸出基质层141表面的高度如过低，则对调光膜与下偏光片31或者与防窥膜21之间的抗吸附效果并不明显。下表1为一具体的实验结果。
表1 抗吸附颗粒的大小对吸附效果和显示效果的影响
Figure PCTCN2020103434-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2020103434-appb-000002
虽然抗吸附颗粒142露出基质层141的高度越高则对调光膜与其之上或之下的结构之间的吸附效果抑制地更好，但抗吸附颗粒142如露出基质层141的高度过大，会对影响整体显示的透过率。
发明人发现，抗吸附颗粒142露出基质层141的高度通常与其半径的大小之间的差异不大。故基于上述考量，在实施例中，抗吸附颗粒142的直径D满足：2um≤D≤4um。
需要说明的是，发明人发现抗吸附颗粒142在基质层141表面分布的密度对抗吸附效果的影响并不大。以抗吸附颗粒142的半径为1.5um为例，在1mm 2的面积内分布45颗、50颗、60颗抗吸附颗粒142对于抗吸附效果区别并不大。同样，以抗吸附颗粒142的半径为3um为例，在1mm 2的面积内分布45颗、50颗、60颗抗吸附例子对于抗吸附的效果区别也并不大。
在实施例中，抗吸附表面层14与下偏光片31之间静摩擦系数k满足：k≤0.35。在实施例中，抗吸附表面层14与防窥膜21之间静摩擦系数k满足：k≤0.35。发明人发现，抗吸附表面层14与其他固体表面之间的静摩擦系数越小，越有利于解除吸附效应。
在实施例中，蒸馏水相对于抗吸附表面层14的背向聚合物分散液晶层11的表面的接触角a满足：a≥70°。发明人发现，蒸馏水相对于抗吸附表面层14的背向聚合物分散液晶层11的表面的接触角越大，越有利于解除吸附效应。
在实施例中，第一基底13包括沿从第一基底13指向聚合物分散液晶层11方向依次叠置的基材层131、抗刮层132、内涂层133。在实施例中，第二基底16包括沿从第二基底16指向聚合物分散液晶层11方向依次叠置的基材层161、抗刮层162、内涂层163。
基材层131、161的材料通常可选择聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯，其具有高透光率、低表面硬化处理造成的彩虹纹、低热收缩的性 能。抗刮层132、162的材料可与前述基质层141的选材相同。内涂层133、163的材料例如是聚酯树脂、硅氧烷树脂等。内涂层133、163的作用是为上述的第一电极层12和第二电极层15提供平坦的表面。
参见图4，本实施例提供一种背光模组，包括叠置的调光膜和防窥膜21，调光膜为上述实施例的调光膜。图4中还示出了防窥膜21的背向调光膜一侧的光学膜片22。光学膜片22例如是棱镜片、扩散片、导光板等。背光模组其他部分可以按照常规方案设计，故并未画出。
该背光模组中的调光膜与防窥膜21或者后续组装成显示装置后与下偏光片31之间的吸附效应得到抑制或解除，从而保证了显示的画质。
参见图5，本实施例提供一种显示装置，包括叠置的显示面板32和调光膜，调光膜为上述实施例的调光膜。
在实施例中，该显示装置可为液晶显示面板32与调光膜贴合而成的装置、液晶显示模组、手机、平板电脑、电视机、显示器、笔记本电脑、数码相框、导航仪等任何具有显示功能的产品或部件。
该显示装置中的调光膜与防窥膜21(如果有)或者与下偏光片31(如果有)之间的吸附效应得到抑制或解除，从而保证了显示的画质。
当然，图5中所示的下偏光片31也可以是集成在显示面板32内部的线栅型偏光片。这种情况下，调光膜与显示面板32之间的吸附效应得到抑制或解除。
可以理解的是，以上实施方式仅仅是为了说明本公开的原理而采用的示例性实施方式，然而本公开并不局限于此。对于本领域内的普通技术人员而言，在不脱离本公开的精神和实质的情况下，可以做出各种变型和改进，这些变型和改进也视为本公开的保护范围。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种调光膜，包括：
    相对的第一基底和第二基底；
    设置在所述第一基底朝向所述第二基底一侧的第一电极层；
    设置在所述第二基底朝向所述第一基底一侧的第二电极层；
    设置在所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层之间的聚合物分散液晶层；以及
    位于所述第一基底背向所述第二基底的一侧和/或所述第二基底背向所述第一基底的一侧的抗吸附表面层，所述抗吸附表面层构造为抑制所述调光膜与固体表面之间的吸附。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的调光膜，其中，所述抗吸附表面层包括基质层和多个抗吸附颗粒，所述抗吸附颗粒超出所述基质层的背向所述聚合物分散液晶层的表面。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的调光膜，其中，所述抗吸附颗粒的直径大于所述基质层的厚度。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的调光膜，其中，所述基质层的材料包括紫外固化树脂或热固化树脂。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的调光膜，其中，所述基质层还包括光聚合引发剂、固化剂、交联剂、光敏剂中的至少一种。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的调光膜，其中，所述抗吸附颗粒的材料包括有机硅、聚苯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、碳酸钙中的任一项。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的调光膜，其中，所述抗吸附颗粒凸出所述基质层表面的高度h满足：h≥1um。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的调光膜，其中，所述抗吸附颗粒的直径D满足：2um≤D≤4um。
  9. 根据权利要求2所述的调光膜，其中，所述抗吸附表面层与下偏光片之间静摩擦系数k满足：k≤0.35。
  10. 根据权利要求2所述的调光膜，其中，所述抗吸附表面层与防窥膜之间静摩擦系数k满足：k≤0.35。
  11. 根据权利要求2所述的调光膜，其中，蒸馏水相对于所述抗吸附表面层的背向所述聚合物分散液晶层的表面的接触角a满足：a≥70°。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的调光膜，其中，所述第一基底包括沿从所述第一基底指向所述聚合物分散液晶层方向依次叠置的基材层、抗刮层、内涂层。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的调光膜，其中，所述第二基底包括沿从所述第二基底指向所述聚合物分散液晶层方向依次叠置的基材层、抗刮层、内涂层。
  14. 根据权利要求12或13所述的调光膜，其中，所述基材层和所述抗刮层的材料包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
  15. 根据权利要求12或13所述的调光膜，其中，所述内涂层的材料包括聚酯树脂或硅氧烷树脂。
  16. 一种背光模组，包括叠置的调光膜和防窥膜，其中，
    所述调光膜为根据权利要求1-15任意一项所述的调光膜，
    所述调光膜包括位于所述第二基底背向所述第一基底的一侧的抗吸附表面层，并且
    所述防窥膜位于所述抗吸附表面层的背离所述第二基底的一侧。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的背光模组，还包括：
    光学膜片，其位于所述防窥膜的背离所述抗吸附表面层的一侧。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的背光模组，其中，所述光学膜片为棱镜片、扩散片或导光板。
  19. 一种显示装置，包括叠置的显示面板和调光膜，其中，所述调光膜为根据权利要求1-15任意一项所述的调光膜。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的显示装置，还包括下偏光片，防窥镜和光学膜片，其中
    所述显示面板、所述下偏光片、所述调光膜、所述防窥镜和所述光学膜片按顺序层叠设置，并且
    所述调光膜包括位于所述第一基底背向所述第二基底的一侧和所述第二基底背向所述第一基底的一侧的抗吸附表面层。
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