WO2021000317A1 - Additif de carburant, procédé d'utilisation d'additif de carburant et mélange de carburant - Google Patents

Additif de carburant, procédé d'utilisation d'additif de carburant et mélange de carburant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021000317A1
WO2021000317A1 PCT/CN2019/094698 CN2019094698W WO2021000317A1 WO 2021000317 A1 WO2021000317 A1 WO 2021000317A1 CN 2019094698 W CN2019094698 W CN 2019094698W WO 2021000317 A1 WO2021000317 A1 WO 2021000317A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel
fuel additive
weight
polyetheramine
nonylphenol
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/094698
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English (en)
Inventor
Xin Huo
Weifeng Wang
Jinrong Zhang
Sibian MA
Mengling LI
Zhiyu Shi
Yinfang Yao
Original Assignee
3M Innovative Properties Company
Xin Huo
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 3M Innovative Properties Company, Xin Huo filed Critical 3M Innovative Properties Company
Priority to PCT/CN2019/094698 priority Critical patent/WO2021000317A1/fr
Priority to CN201980099970.2A priority patent/CN114341319B/zh
Publication of WO2021000317A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021000317A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
    • C10L1/2222—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
    • C10L1/223—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond having at least one amino group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/04—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2270/00—Specifically adapted fuels
    • C10L2270/02—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of fuel additives, and in particular to a fuel additive, a method of using the same and a fuel mixture.
  • deposits are formed on the surfaces of engine components (such as carburetor ports, throttle bodies, fuel injectors, intake ports, and intake valves) , due to the oxidation and polymerization of a hydrocarbon fuel. Deposits are also formed in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine due to the incomplete combustion of a mixture comprising air, fuel and oil. These deposits, even when present in relatively minor amounts, often cause noticeable driving problems, such as stalling and poor acceleration. Moreover, the engine deposits can significantly increase the automobile’s fuel consumption and the production of exhaust pollutants. Specifically, when the gasoline used in a given engine is of a constant octane number, the power output decreases when deposits are formed.
  • the automobiles that control fuel supply through an electronic device have gradually replaced the automobiles that are fueled by a carburetor.
  • the fuel injector in the engine has a small aperture, a high operating temperature, and poor fuel lubricity, so that the fuel injector is easily blocked by carbon deposits, thereby causing the problems such as poor atomization, poor oil supply, oil consumption, and polluted emissions.
  • carbon deposits are easily formed on the sealing surface of the intake valve of the engine so that the seal of the cylinder is not tight, resulting in reduced engine power and non-combustion. This seriously reduces the economy of the fuel, the power output of the engine, and the quality of the exhaust gas, which degrades the performance of the engine.
  • the currently widely used method is to add a fuel additive to the fuel.
  • a fuel additive to the fuel.
  • One type of fuel additive comprises a hydrocarbyl-substituted amine, such as those prepared by reacting an olefin and an olefin polymer with an amine, including a polyamine.
  • a typical example of the hydrocarbyl-substituted amine is a polyisobutene amine.
  • the polyisobutene amine fuel additive has a cleaning effect on the fuel injector and the intake valve in the gasoline engine, and can effectively suppress and clean the deposits on these components in the gasoline engine.
  • this type of fuel additive will bring the deposits washed from the fuel intake system into the combustion chamber, resulting in a significant increase in the deposits in the combustion chamber.
  • Another type of fuel additive comprises a polyetheramine.
  • the polyetheramine is a “single molecule” additive in which there are an amine functional group and a polyether functional group in the same molecule.
  • a typical example of a polyetheramine-based fuel additive is a urethane product comprising a repeating butylene oxide unit.
  • the polyetheramine is easily decomposed at high temperature so that it does not form new carbon deposits in the combustion chamber, which somewhat reduces the increase of carbon deposits in the combustion chamber.
  • the polyetheramine-based fuel additive is preferable because the oxygenation from the polyether functionality is thought to reduce the particulate matter and nitrogen oxide (NO x ) emissions and combustion chamber deposits.
  • the polyetheramine-based fuel additive must be used in a fuel at a relatively high concentration (above 400 ppm) so as to achieve the desired cleaning results.
  • a more important function for the fuel additive is to avoid the forming of the deposit in the fuel injectors or intake valves.
  • polyisobutene amine is effective in low concentration, on the order of 300-500 ppm in the gasoline.
  • polyether amine it does not work well when the concentration is lower than 400ppm in the gasoline.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a fuel additive capable of significantly reducing deposits on the components such as a fuel injector, an intake valve or the like in a vehicle when only a small amount (e.g. less than 400 ppm of the fuel) of the fuel additive is added to the fuel.
  • the present inventors have completed the present invention through intensive research.
  • the present disclosure provides a fuel additive comprising:
  • nonylphenol polyetheramine is represented by the following general formula (I) :
  • x is an integer from 9 to 15.
  • the nonylphenol polyetheramine has a weight average molecular weight in the range of 800 to 1200.
  • the nonylphenol polyetheramine is present in an amount from 85%by weight to 90%by weight in terms of the total weight of the fuel additive.
  • the aromatic amine is represented by the following general formula (II) :
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are each independently selected from an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and X is O or N.
  • the aromatic amine has a molecular weight in the range of 100 g/mol to 500 g/mol.
  • the aromatic amine is present in an amount from 10%by weight to 15%by weight in terms of the total weight of the fuel additive.
  • the fuel additive further comprises a corrosion inhibitor.
  • the fuel additive further comprises a diluent.
  • the diluent is present in an amount from more than 0 %by weight to 25 %by weight in terms of the total weight of the fuel additive.
  • there provides a method of using a fuel additive as described above, comprising a step of adding the fuel additive to a fuel.
  • the present disclosure provides a fuel mixture including a fuel and a fuel additive, according to any one of the fuel additive in the above embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the fuel additive is present in the fuel mixture in an amount less than 400 ppm, based on the total weight of the fuel mixture.
  • the fuel additive is present in the fuel mixture in an amount less than 200 ppm, based on the total weight of the fuel mixture.
  • the fuel additive is capable of significantly reducing deposits on the components such as a fuel injector, an intake valve or the like in a vehicle when only a small amount (e.g. less than 400 ppm of the fuel) of the fuel additive is added to the fuel.
  • a fuel additive capable of significantly reducing deposits on the components such as a fuel injector, an intake valve or the like in a vehicle when only a small amount (e.g. less than 400 ppm of the fuel) of the fuel additive is added to the fuel.
  • a fuel additive comprising:
  • the fuel additive according to the present disclosure comprises a nonylphenol polyetheramine as a main cleaning component.
  • Nonylphenol polyetheramine has excellent deposit control capabilities, which can significantly reduce the deposit buildup on the fuel injector, the intake valve and other components in a vehicle.
  • nonylphenol polyetheramine is represented by the following general formula (I) :
  • x is an integer from 9 to 15.
  • the nonylphenol polyetheramine has a weight average molecular weight in the range of 800 to 1200. When the weight average molecular weight is lower than 800 or higher than 1200, the deposit control performance will be reduced. In some embodiments, the nonylphenol polyetheramine is present in an amount from 85%by weight to 90%by weight based on the total weight of the fuel additive. When the amount of polyetheramine is lower than 85%or higher than 90%by weight, the deposit control performance may be decreased.
  • Specific examples of the commercially available products of nonylphenol polyetheramine which can be used in the fuel additive according to the present disclosure include: a nonylphenol polyetheramine produced by Univar Trade Co., Ltd.
  • PEA-1000 it has a structure represented by the general formula (I) , wherein x is 12 and the weight average molecular weight thereof is about 1000
  • a nonylphenol polyetheramine produced by Univar Trading Co., Ltd. under the product name of PEA-800 (it has a structure represented by the general formula (I) , wherein x is 9 and the weight average molecular weight thereof is about 800)
  • a nonylphenol polyetheramine produced by Univar Trading Co., Ltd. under the product name of PEA-1200 it has a structure represented by the general formula (I) wherein x is 15 and the weight average molecular weight thereof is about 1200) .
  • the fuel additive according to the present disclosure comprises an aromatic amine.
  • the inventors of the present invention have found that the aromatic amine has an unexpected promoting effect on the cleaning behavior of nonylphenol polyetheramine.
  • the aromatic amine can be effectively adsorbed on a surface of a metal because it comprises an amine group having polarity, thereby preventing or delaying the carbon deposits on the components such as a fuel injector, an intake valve or the like in a vehicle; on the other hand, the aromatic amine also has an aromatic ring structure similar to that of the nonylphenol polyetheramine, thereby helping the nonylphenol polyether amine to be dispersed on the surfaces of the components, such as a fuel injector, an intake valve or the like in a vehicle so as to achieve a better cleaning effect.
  • the aromatic amine is represented by the following general formula (II) :
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are each independently selected from an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms (for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, or the like) , and X is O or N.
  • the aromatic amine has a molecular weight in the range of 100 to 500 g/mol, preferably 1.50 to 450 g/mol, more preferably, 200 to 400 g/mol, and even more preferably, 250 to 350 g/mol.
  • the aromatic amine is present in an amount from 10%by weight to 15%by weight based on the total weight of the fuel additive.
  • Specific examples of the commercially available products of aromatic amines that can be used in the fuel additive according to the present invention include: an aromatic amine having a molecular weight of about 177 g/mol manufactured by Qingyuanxing Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. under the name of AO-177; an aromatic amine having a molecular weight of about 149 g/mol produced by Qingyuanxing Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. under the name of AO-149; and an aromatic amine having a molecular weight of about 445 g/mol produced by Qingyuanxing Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. under the name ofAO-445.
  • the fuel additive according to the present invention may further comprise other components to provide additional desirable properties to the fuel additive.
  • the fuel additive according to the present invention may further comprise a corrosion inhibitor to mitigate the corrosive effect of the fuel on the engine components.
  • a corrosion inhibitor to mitigate the corrosive effect of the fuel on the engine components.
  • the fuel additive according to the present invention may further comprise a diluent to dilute the fuel additive to an appropriate concentration for the sake of storage, transportation and use.
  • the specific type of the diluent which can be added to the fuel additive according to the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the diluent does not affect the respective effects of the nonylphenol polyetheramine and the aromatic amine.
  • the diluent is selected from one or more of a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon, an aromatic hydrocarbon, and a saturated cycloalkane.
  • Specific examples of the saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon that can be used in the fuel additive of the present invention include D60 produced by Mobil Company as well as D100 produced by Mobil Company.
  • the aromatic hydrocarbon that can be used in the fuel additive of the present invention include S 150 produced by Mobil Company as well as S200 produced by Mobil Company.
  • the diluent may be appropriately selected within the range of the products described above.
  • the flash point of the diluent is in the range of 60 to 100 °C.
  • the diluent is present in an amount from equal or more than 0 %by weight to 25 %by weight based on the total weight of the fuel additive. When the diluent amount is more than 25 %by weight, the deposit control performance may be reduced.
  • the preparation method of the fuel additive according to the present invention is not particularly limited, and for example, the components of the fuel additive may be mixed by a conventional mixing method in the field. Specifically, the components for preparing the fuel additive may be mixed in a stainless steel container at a normal temperature (about 25 °C) and under a normal pressure (about 1 atm) to obtain a fuel additive. In the mixing process, the addition order of the raw materials is not particularly limited.
  • a fuel mixture comprising a fuel and a fuel additive, which may be used as a fuel for a variety of vehicles or machines that require a fuel.
  • a fuel additive which may be used as a fuel for a variety of vehicles or machines that require a fuel.
  • the fuel additive is present in the fuel mixture in an amount less than 400 ppm, based on the total weight of the fuel mixture.
  • the fuel additive is present in the fuel mixture in an amount less than 200 ppm, based on the total weight of the fuel mixture.
  • the reagents employed were all commercially available and used directly without further purification. Further, the mentioned “%” is “%by weight” , and the mentioned “part” is “part by weight” .
  • a sample prepared in the following respective examples and comparative examples was added at a ratio of 1: 5000 (200 ppm) at normal temperature (about 25 °C) and under normal pressure (about 1 atm) into a National Standard 92#gasoline so as to prepare a fuel mixture to which a fuel additive was added.
  • test plate was soaked in alcohol for 60 minutes to clean the surfaces thereof. The test plate was then placed in an oven at 100 °C for 15 minutes. The test plate was then removed from the oven and placed in a desiccator at room temperature. The exact weight (m0) of the test plate was recorded.
  • an amount m (mg) of the deposit on the simulated intake valve was calculated by the following formula:
  • the amount (mg) of the deposit on the simulated intake valve is rated to evaluate the deposit control performance, wherein: when the amount (mg) of the deposit on the simulated intake valve is less than 1.0, the deposit control level is “Very Good” ; when the amount (mg) of the deposit on the simulated intake valve is greater than or equal to 1.0 and less than 2.0, the deposit control level is “Good” ; when the amount (mg) of the deposit on the simulated intake valve is greater than or equal to 2.0 and less than 3.0, the deposit control level is “Normal” ; and when the amount (mg) of the deposit on the simulated intake valve is greater than or equal to 3.0, the deposit control level is “Poor” .
  • the nonylphenol polyetheramine PEA-1000 and the aromatic amine AO-177 were mixed in a stainless steel container at normal temperature (about 25 °C) and under normal pressure (about 1 atmosphere) to obtain a Fuel Additive 1, wherein the nonylphenol polyetheramine PEA-1000 accounted for 70%by weight and the aromatic amine AO-177 accounted for 30%by weight based on the total weight of the Fuel Additive 1.
  • Examples E2-E10 and Comparative Examples C1-C4 were carried out in the same manner as that in Example E1 to obtain Fuel Additives 2-10 and Comparative Fuel Additives 1-4, except that the specific types and contents of respective components were changed as shown in Table 2.
  • Comparative Example C5 PN7029 produced by 3M China Ltd. was used as a Comparative Fuel Additive 5.
  • Comparative Example C6 was carried out in the same manner as that in Example E1 to obtain a Comparative Fuel Additive 6, except that 70%by weight of PEA-1000 was replaced with 70%by weight of N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine.
  • Comparative Example C6 was National Standard 92#gasoline without adding a fuel additive.
  • Examples 1-10 and Comparative Examples C1-C7 were tested for the deposit control performance according to the methods listed above.
  • the results of Examples E1-E10 and Comparative Examples C1-C4 are shown in Table 2 below, and the results of Comparative Examples C5-C7 are shown in Table 3 below.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un additif de carburant, son procédé d'utilisation et un mélange de carburant. Plus particulièrement, l'additif de carburant comprend : 70 à 95 % en poids de polyétheramine de nonylphénol et 5 à 30 % en poids d'une amine aromatique, sur la base du poids total de l'additif de carburant. Lorsqu'une petite quantité (par exemple inférieure à 400 ppm de la quantité totale de carburant) de l'additif de carburant est ajoutée au carburant, il peut réduire de manière significative les dépôts sur les composants tels qu'un injecteur de carburant, une soupape d'admission ou similaire dans un véhicule.
PCT/CN2019/094698 2019-07-04 2019-07-04 Additif de carburant, procédé d'utilisation d'additif de carburant et mélange de carburant WO2021000317A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2019/094698 WO2021000317A1 (fr) 2019-07-04 2019-07-04 Additif de carburant, procédé d'utilisation d'additif de carburant et mélange de carburant
CN201980099970.2A CN114341319B (zh) 2019-07-04 2019-07-04 燃料添加剂、使用燃料添加剂的方法和燃料混合物

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2019/094698 WO2021000317A1 (fr) 2019-07-04 2019-07-04 Additif de carburant, procédé d'utilisation d'additif de carburant et mélange de carburant

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WO2021000317A1 true WO2021000317A1 (fr) 2021-01-07

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Cited By (1)

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CN117645895A (zh) * 2024-01-30 2024-03-05 山东新蓝环保科技有限公司 一种清洁柴油添加剂及其制备方法

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CN102051239A (zh) * 2009-10-28 2011-05-11 中国石油化工股份有限公司 添加剂组合物和柴油组合物及提高生物柴油氧化安定性的方法
CN104498115A (zh) * 2014-12-30 2015-04-08 3M中国有限公司 燃油添加剂、及其制备方法和使用方法
US20180320095A1 (en) * 2015-10-29 2018-11-08 3M Innovative Properties Company Diesel additive, preparation method and usage method thereof

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CN102051239A (zh) * 2009-10-28 2011-05-11 中国石油化工股份有限公司 添加剂组合物和柴油组合物及提高生物柴油氧化安定性的方法
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