WO2020262703A1 - タキシフォリンを含有する肝線維化抑制剤及び褐色脂肪細胞活性化剤 - Google Patents
タキシフォリンを含有する肝線維化抑制剤及び褐色脂肪細胞活性化剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020262703A1 WO2020262703A1 PCT/JP2020/025740 JP2020025740W WO2020262703A1 WO 2020262703 A1 WO2020262703 A1 WO 2020262703A1 JP 2020025740 W JP2020025740 W JP 2020025740W WO 2020262703 A1 WO2020262703 A1 WO 2020262703A1
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- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
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- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liver fibrosis inhibitor and a brown adipocyte activator containing taxifolin as an active ingredient.
- the present invention also relates to a prophylactic and / or therapeutic use of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by a taxifolin-containing hepatic fibrosis inhibitor.
- NASH nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- NAFLD nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- the number of people with illness has increased rapidly to about 30% of medical examinations, estimated to be about 15 to 23 million, and according to the latest data, about 25% of them have progressed to NASH, and further fibrosis of NASH has progressed.
- Non-Patent Document 1 improvement of lifestyle such as diet and exercise therapy is the basic treatment method, and there are few reports of high evidence level as drug therapy, and a standard treatment method has not been established. Now that we are in an era where viral hepatitis can be treated, preventive and therapeutic measures for NASH are urgent issues.
- Obesity is a state in which fat accumulates in white adipocytes and becomes hypertrophied, and at the same time, white adipocytes differentiate and their number increases.
- brown adipocytes store fat in the same manner as white adipocytes, but undergo electron transfer by the action of uncoupling protein 1 (hereinafter referred to as "UCP1") present in mitochondria. Converts fat to heat without going through ATP synthesis in the system.
- energy metabolism and body fat are regulated throughout the body by storing energy by white adipocytes, supplying energy through the ATP synthesis system, and consuming energy by heat production of brown adipocytes. It is considered.
- Non-Patent Document 2 In humans, "existing" brown adipose cells are present in small amounts in limited places such as around the shoulder blades, behind the neck, and around the kidneys, and decrease with age, but environmental factors such as long-term cold stimulation, etc. Has been reported to differentiate white adipose progenitor cells present in adult white adipose tissue into "inducible" brown adipose tissue.
- PRDM16 which is a transcription factor responsible for the differentiation of brown adipose tissue and maintenance of its function, suppresses adipose tissue fibrosis independently of heat production (UCP1-independent) (UCP1-independent).
- UCP1-independent a transcription factor responsible for the differentiation of brown adipose tissue and maintenance of its function
- flavonoids which are active ingredients in plant preparations, have their own antioxidant activity and a wide range of biological effects (immunity-enhancing effect, antitumor effect, cardioprotective effect, radiation injury protective effect, antiaging effect, antiplatelet effect). Actions, antiallergic actions, antiviral actions, etc.) are known (Non-Patent Documents 4 to 6).
- various plant preparations are produced in Russia, and more than 200 kinds of plant raw materials are used for medical purposes. In Russia, plant preparations make up about 40% of the types of drugs manufactured, most of which contain flavonoids.
- Taxifolin accounts for the majority (90% or more) of the active ingredient of "dicubertin" (Non-Patent Document 7). Taxifolin has been reported to have antioxidant and capillary protective properties (Non-Patent Document 8), and has been approved by the Russian Federation Ministry of Health as a drug having capillary protective and antioxidant properties. It is also approved as a functional food and as a food additive that extends the expiration date of foods.
- Non-Patent Document 9 taxiphorin has recently been confirmed to be safe for ingestion (Non-Patent Document 9), and has an antioxidant effect in acute pancreatitis model mice (Non-Patent Document 10) and a blood glucose improving effect in type 1 diabetes model rats (Non-Patent Document 9).
- Document 11 dementia improving effects such as suppression of amyloid ⁇ aggregation in Alzheimer's disease model mice, improvement of cerebral blood flow, and improvement of mouse spatial recognition function in water maze test have been confirmed (Patent Document 1, non-patent).
- Patent Document 12 there are no reports of taxifolin's inhibitory effect on liver fibrosis and activation of brown adipocytes, and no report on the use of taxifolin as a preventive and / or therapeutic agent for NASH associated with fibrosis.
- An object of the present invention is to provide NASH with a novel hepatic fibrosis inhibitor that suppresses the progress of fibrosis. Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel brown adipocyte activator. A further object of the present invention is chronic liver disease associated with liver fibrosis (non-B such as hepatitis C, hepatitis B, NASH, non-C hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, etc.), particularly with liver fibrosis.
- non-B such as hepatitis C, hepatitis B, NASH, non-C hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, etc.
- taxiphorin or a salt thereof exhibits an excellent hepatic fibrosis inhibitory effect and brown adipose cell activating effect, and has been an effective preventive method so far.
- it can be a useful and safe pharmaceutical composition or food composition in the prevention and / or treatment of NASH with liver fibrosis for which there is no cure, and have completed the present invention.
- the present invention is as follows.
- [1] A liver fibrosis inhibitor containing taxifolin as an active ingredient.
- [2] The hepatic fibrosis inhibitor according to the above [1], wherein hepatic fibrosis is caused by hepatitis virus infection, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, or autoimmune hepatitis.
- [3] The hepatic fibrosis inhibitor according to the above [1], wherein hepatic fibrosis is caused by non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
- [4] A brown adipocyte activator containing taxifolin as an active ingredient.
- [5] The brown adipocyte activator according to the above [4] for suppressing liver fibrosis.
- a food composition for preventing or ameliorating non-alcoholic steatohepatitis accompanied by liver fibrosis which contains an effective amount of taxifolin or a salt thereof as an active ingredient.
- a taxifolin-containing pharmaceutical composition for use in the prevention and / or treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with liver fibrosis.
- a taxifolin-containing food composition for use in the prevention and / or amelioration of liver fibrosis.
- an excellent hepatic fibrosis inhibitor characterized by containing taxifolin, which is a safe plant-derived ingredient, or a salt thereof as an active ingredient.
- taxifolin which is a safe plant-derived ingredient, or a salt thereof as an active ingredient.
- brown adipocyte activator containing taxifolin or a salt thereof as an active ingredient.
- energy consumption can be promoted, UCP1 expression can be enhanced, and fibrosis of adipose tissue can be effectively suppressed, and as a result, metabolic syndrome and the like can be prevented or ameliorated. Is possible.
- various causes can be caused by administering a prophylactic and / or therapeutically effective amount of taxiphorin, which is a liver fibrosis inhibitor and / or a brown fat cell activator, or a salt thereof.
- a pharmaceutical or food composition useful in the prevention and / or treatment (or improvement) of liver fibrosis caused by viral infection, NASH, autoimmune hepatitis, etc. can be provided.
- the taxiphorin or its salt in the present invention. It is also possible to enhance the preventive and / or therapeutic effect.
- FIG. 1A is a graph showing the change in body weight of mice in a feeding experiment
- FIG. 1B is a photograph showing the appearance of mice in each group on the final day of the feeding experiment.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing changes in the amount of food consumed by mice during the feeding experiment period.
- FIG. 3A is a graph showing changes in fasting blood glucose
- FIG. 3B is a graph showing changes in blood glucose levels after 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 120 minutes, with the start time of the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test as 0 minutes.
- FIG. 3C is a graph showing the area under the postprandial blood glucose curve of the mice in each group.
- FIG. 4A is a graph showing changes in the rectal temperature of mice at 8 and 12 weeks after the start of the feeding experiment, and FIG.
- FIG. 4B shows UCP1 gene expression in each group of mice after 12 weeks from the start of the feeding experiment. It is a graph which shows.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the tissue weight of mice in each group at the time of dissection (FIG. 5A: liver weight, FIG. 5B: epididymis fat (EPI WAT) weight, FIG. 5C: brown adipose tissue (BAT) weight).
- FIG. 6 shows fasting blood glucose (FBC) (FIG. 6A), insulin concentration (FIG. 6B), and insulin resistance index (HOMA-R) (FIG. 6C) of mice in each group 12 weeks after the start of the feeding experiment. It is a graph which shows.
- FIG. 5A liver weight
- FIG. 5B epididymis fat (EPI WAT) weight
- FIG. 5C brown adipose tissue (BAT) weight
- FBC fasting blood glucose
- FIG. 6A insulin concentration
- HOMA-R insulin resistance index
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the blood triglyceride concentration of the mice in each group 12 weeks after the start of the feeding experiment.
- FIG. 8 shows the blood leptin concentration (FIG. 8A), blood adiponectin concentration (FIG. 8B), blood TNF- ⁇ concentration (FIG. 8C), and blood of mice in each group 12 weeks after the start of the feeding experiment. It is a graph which shows the IL-1 ⁇ concentration (FIG. 8D).
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing blood AST value (FIG. 9A), blood ALT value (FIG. 9B), and liver triglyceride concentration (FIG. 9C) of mice in each group 12 weeks after the start of the feeding experiment.
- FIG. 9A blood AST value
- FIG. 9B blood ALT value
- FIG. 9C liver triglyceride concentration
- FIG. 10 shows liver AMPK phosphorylation (upper row: Western blotting band) (FIG. 10A) and liver ACC phosphorylation (upper row: Western blotting band) (FIG. 10B) of mice in each group 12 weeks after the start of the feeding experiment. It is a graph which shows.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing a comparison of the expression of liver fatty acid synthesis-related genes (FIG. 11A) and a comparison of the expression of fatty acid oxidation-related genes (FIG. 11B) in mice of each group 12 weeks after the start of the feeding experiment. .. FIG.
- FIG. 12 shows blood lipid dismutase concentration (FIG. 12A), liver lipid dismutase concentration (FIG. 12B), Mn-SOD gene expression (FIG. 12C), CuZn of mice in each group 12 weeks after the start of the feeding experiment.
- -SOD gene expression Fig. 12D
- Catalase gene expression Fig. 12E
- GP-x glutathione peroxidase gene expression
- FIG. 13 shows F4 / 80 gene expression (FIG. 13A), TNF- ⁇ gene expression (FIG. 13B), and IL-1 ⁇ gene expression (FIG. 13C) in the livers of mice in each group 12 weeks after the start of the feeding experiment. It is a graph which shows.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing p38 MAPK phosphorylation (FIG. 14A), NF- ⁇ B phosphorylation (FIG. 14B), and JNK phosphorylation (FIG. 14C) of the livers of mice in each group 12 weeks after the start of the feeding experiment.
- FIG. 15 shows gene expression ( ⁇ SMA gene expression (FIG. 15A), PAI1 gene expression (FIG. 15B), and TGF- ⁇ 1 gene expression (FIG. 15B) in the liver fibrosis index group of mice in each group 12 weeks after the start of the feeding experiment. 15C), and Type1 collagen gene expression (Fig. 15D)), and the amount of protein (F4 / 80 protein amount (Fig. 15E), ⁇ SMA protein amount (Fig.
- FIG. 16 shows the livers of mice in each group (A: normal diet only, B: normal diet + 3% taxiphorin, C: high-fat diet only, D: high-fat diet + 3% taxiphorin) 12 weeks after the start of the feeding experiment.
- a photograph of the tissue stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) (scale bar: 100 ⁇ m in the white frame, 500 ⁇ m in the others) is shown.
- FIG. 17 shows the livers of mice in each group (A: normal diet only, B: normal diet + 3% taxifolin, C: high-fat diet only, D: high-fat diet + 3% taxifolin) 12 weeks after the start of the feeding experiment.
- FIG. 18 shows the livers of mice in each group (A: normal diet only, B: normal diet + 3% taxifolin, C: high-fat diet only, D: high-fat diet + 3% taxifolin) 12 weeks after the start of the feeding experiment.
- a photograph (scale bar: 100 ⁇ m) of the tissue stained with Sirius Red is shown.
- FIG. 19 shows the livers of mice in each group (A: normal diet only, B: normal diet + 3% taxiphorin, C: high-fat diet only, D: high-fat diet + 3% taxiphorin) 12 weeks after the start of the feeding experiment.
- a photograph (scale bar: 100 ⁇ m) immunohistochemically stained with an anti-F4 / 80 antibody of a tissue is shown.
- Taxifolin is a type of flavonoid that accounts for the majority (90% or more) of the active ingredient of dicubertin, which is a bioflavonoid complex isolated from the xylem of Larix kaempferi or Siberian larch.
- examples of the taxifolin salt include salts that can be easily formed by the action of a pharmaceutically acceptable base.
- examples of such a salt include alkali metal salts such as sodium salt and potassium salt.
- the taxifolin derived from Siberian larix is an optically active substance ((+)-taxifolin).
- the taxifolin of the present invention not only (+)-taxifolin but also its enantiomer (-)-taxifolin and a compound having low optical purity (optically pure both enantiomers are mixed at an appropriate blending ratio). And racemic compounds are also included.
- the label body i.e., isotopes of one or more of the atoms that constitute taxifolin (e.g., 2 H, 3 H, 11 C, 13 C, 14 C, 15 N, 18 O, Compounds labeled with 18 F, 35 S, etc.) are also included.
- the optically active substance of taxifolin or a salt thereof of the present invention can be produced by chemically synthesizing it by a method known per se, or by extracting and / or purifying it from the xylem of Daphria pine or Siberian pine. Specifically, by using an optically active synthetic intermediate, or by using a conventional racemic mixture (for example, "Enantiomers, Racemates and Resolution, John Wiley And Sons, Inc.” by J. Jacques et al. Etc.), an optically active substance can be obtained by optically dividing the mixture. Further, (+)-taxifolin is commercially available, and the commercially available product can be used as it is.
- the taxifolin of the present invention or a salt thereof may be crystalline, and is included in taxifolin or a salt thereof regardless of whether the crystal form is single or a crystalline mixture. Crystals can be produced by crystallization by applying a crystallization method known per se.
- the taxifolin of the present invention or a salt thereof may also include solvates thereof.
- the solvates thereof are taxifolin or a salt thereof in which a molecule of the solvent is coordinated, and hydrates are also included.
- a hydrate of taxifolin or a salt thereof, a sum of ethanol, a sum of dimethyl sulfoxide and the like can be mentioned.
- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease refers to histological diagnosis or diagnostic imaging according to the NAFLD / NASH clinical practice guideline 2014 (edited by the Japan Gastroenterological Society, Nanedo; Non-Patent Document 1). Fatty liver was observed in the patient, and other liver diseases such as alcoholic liver disease were excluded. NAFLD develops based on histologically large droplets (large lipid droplets that make the nucleus unevenly distributed) hepatic fatty degeneration, and it is considered that the pathological condition hardly progresses.
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver nonalcoholic fatty liver
- NASH non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NAFL does not show hepatocellular injury (balloon-like degeneration) or fibrosis.
- non-alcoholic steatohepatitis refers to progressive liver cirrhosis and hepatocytes according to the NAFLD / NASH clinical practice guidelines 2014 (edited by the Japan Gastroenterological Society, Nanedo; Non-Patent Document 1). It is a pathological condition that is also the origin of cancer, and in addition to large drop fattening of hepatocytes (hepatic steatodegeneration), balloon-like degeneration of hepatocytes accompanied by inflammation (hepatocellular injury) and fibrosis are observed. is there.
- the hepatic fibrosis inhibitor of the present invention is particularly effective for the prevention and / or treatment of NASH (moderate or higher NASH) associated with hepatic fibrosis.
- liver fibrosis is a basic pathological condition of diffuse liver disease (acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, etc.), and the degree thereof correlates with the progression of the pathological condition.
- High degree of liver fibrosis means the transition to cirrhosis and suggests a high risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma.
- prognosis including overall mortality (eg, J. Gastroenterol., 2016; 51: 380-389, etc.).
- recent advances in viral hepatitis treatment have proved that liver fibrosis is a reversible pathology.
- liver fibrosis in addition to histological diagnosis by liver biopsy, it is also possible to measure the hardness of the liver non-invasively by using fibroscan. Recently, it has been reported that a characteristic histological image called crown-like structure (CLS) is commonly formed in obese adipose tissue and NASH, and that tissue fibrosis progresses from this point (for example, Suganami). Takasho, Uehara Memorial Foundation Research Report, 31 (2017), etc.).
- CLS crown-like structure
- the "liver fibrosis inhibitor” means an agent that suppresses the progression of liver fibrosis when administered to a subject.
- the "liver fibrosis inhibitor” also includes a drug that improves fibrosis.
- Liver fibrosis which is the target of the “liver fibrosis inhibitor” of the present invention, is not particularly limited, but is preferably caused by hepatitis virus infection, NASH, or autoimmune hepatitis, and more preferably. , Is caused by NASH.
- the "brown adipose tissue activator” refers to an action of promoting the induction of differentiation of brown adipose tissue in the target white adipose tissue (that is, an action of increasing the number of brown adipose tissue), and / Or means a substance that enhances the expression of UCP1 by activating brown adipose cells and thereby promotes energy consumption.
- the presence of brown adipose tissue, changes in the number of brown adipose cells, and / or increased energy consumption in brown adipose cells are measured by measuring brown adipose tissue weight and rectal temperature, measuring UCP1 mRNA expression and UCP1 protein level. histologically observing the cells, the accumulation of 18 F-labeled glucose can be measured with PET, it can be assessed such as by measuring the cold induction heat production.
- promoting energy consumption means improving the energy consumption of brown adipocytes by heat production.
- enhancing the expression of UCP1 means at least one of promoting the expression level of the UCP1 gene in a subject, increasing the translation amount of the UCP1 protein, and activating UCP1. It means one action.
- enhancing the expression of UCP1 it is possible to promote lipolysis in white adipocytes and at the same time activate UCP1 to convert free fatty acids into heat and finally reduce body fat, so that it has an anti-obesity effect. Can be expected.
- prevention includes prevention of the onset of the disease, delay of the onset of the disease, and prevention of the onset of the pathological condition.
- Prophylactically effective amount means the dose of the active ingredient sufficient to achieve the prophylactic purpose.
- treatment includes cure of a disease, improvement of a pathological condition (for example, one or more symptoms) of a disease, and suppression of progression of the disease (severity).
- Therapeutically effective amount means the dose of the active ingredient sufficient to achieve the therapeutic purpose. Therefore, “improvement” is a concept included in “treatment”.
- the term "subject” refers to a subject to which a drug or food containing an effective amount of an active ingredient necessary for preventing and / or treating (or ameliorating) a disease or a pathological condition of the disease is administered or fed. means.
- the "subject” include human or non-human animals (particularly mammals (eg, mice, rats, guinea pigs, hamsters, rabbits, cats, dogs, cows, sheep, monkeys, etc.)).
- the "diet” is a therapy for weight loss by ingesting a low-calorie diet in which the energy ratio of carbohydrates is limited to 50 to 60% and the energy ratio of lipids is limited to 20 to 25%.
- Specific targets for weight loss include, for example, in the case of obesity with a BMI (Body Mass Index) of 25 to 30, weight loss of 3% or more of the current weight, and in the case of hyperobesity with a BMI of 35 or more, 5 of the current weight. Weight loss of ⁇ 10% (see Obesity Treatment Guidelines 2016), and in the case of NAFLD / NASH patients, weight loss of 7% or more (see NAFLD / NASH Treatment Guidelines 2014) can be mentioned.
- exercise therapy means, for example, aerobic exercise of about 50% of the maximum intensity (to the extent of light sweating), which is continued for 30 to 60 minutes at a time and 3 to 4 times a week for 4 to 12 weeks. It is a therapy that improves hepatic fattening by doing so.
- drug therapy is a therapy aimed at enhancing the action, reducing side effects, etc. by using in combination with other drugs as described later.
- iron removal therapy is a therapy that reduces excessive iron intake that burdens the liver.
- Specific examples of iron removal therapy include phlebotomy (a therapy that removes 200 to 400 mL of blood at a time every two weeks) and an iron-restricted diet (reduce iron in the daily diet to 6 to 7 mg or less). ).
- composition of the present invention preventive and / or therapeutic agent of the present invention
- taxiphorin has an excellent inhibitory effect on liver fibrosis (activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the liver, suppression of expression of inflammatory cytokines in liver tissue, and fibrosis of liver tissue.
- AMPK AMP-activated protein kinase
- Taxiphorin or a salt thereof, or a composition containing it as an active ingredient is an inhibitor of liver fibrosis because it exhibits a brown adipose cell activating effect (increased rectal temperature and increased expression of the UCS1 gene).
- the hepatic fibrosis inhibitor of the present invention and / or as a brown adipose cell activator (hereinafter referred to as “the brown adipose cell activator of the present invention”).
- the brown adipose cell activator of the present invention be able to.
- NASH has an anti-fibrosis effect, an anti-obesity effect, an improvement in glucose tolerance, and an improvement in insulin resistance in relation to the hepatic fibrosis inhibitory effect and the brown adipose cell activating effect, the liver of the present invention is found.
- Fibrosis inhibitors and / or brown adipose cell activators are useful not only as prophylactic and / or therapeutic agents for various metabolic syndromes, but also as prophylactic and / or therapeutic agents for NASH with fibrosis. Since few agents have been known so far that significantly suppress the fibrosis of liver tissue, the medicament of the present invention can be an effective preventive and / or therapeutic agent for highly severe NASH.
- taxifolin or a salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition containing the taxifolin as an active ingredient may be referred to as "the drug of the present invention” or "the preventive and / or therapeutic agent of the present invention”.
- the medicine of the present invention may be either a medicine consisting of taxifolin or a salt thereof only, or a medicine containing taxifolin or a salt thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or the like.
- the medicament of the present invention can be orally administered to a prophylactically effective amount or a therapeutically effective amount thereof.
- Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include, for example, excipients (eg, starch, lactose, sugar, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, etc.), binders (eg, starch, gum arabic, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, crystalline cellulose, etc.) ), Lubricants (eg, magnesium stearate, talc, etc.), disintegrants (eg, carboxymethyl cellulose, talc, etc.), solvents (eg, water for injection, physiological saline, Ringer's solution, alcohol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, etc.) Sesame oil, corn oil, olive oil, cotton seed oil, etc.), solubilizers (eg polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, D-mannitol, trehalose, benzyl benzoate, ethanol, trisaminomethane, cholesterol, triethanolamine, sodium carbonate, citric acid Surfactants such as sodium, sodium salicylate, sodium acetate,
- Coating base materials such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose; polysolvates, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, etc.), isotonic agents (eg, sodium chloride, etc.
- buffers eg, buffers such as phosphates, acetates, carbonates, citrates, etc.
- Example aluminum salt of the water-soluble edible tar pigment
- natural pigment eg, ⁇ -carotene, chlorophyll, red iron oxide
- sweetener eg, sodium saccharin, dicarbyl glycyrrhizinate
- aspartame stevia, etc.
- the medicament of the present invention (that is, the prophylactic and / or therapeutic agent of the present invention) mixes the above components and then prepares the mixture according to a means known per se, for example, tablets, pills, capsules (hard capsules, soft capsules, microcapsules). It can be a preparation for oral administration such as (including capsules), powders, granules, fine granules, troches, or liquids (including syrups, emulsions, suspensions).
- compositions in the form of tablets, granules and fine granules a method known per se using the coating substrate for the purpose of masking taste, improving photostability, improving appearance or enteric properties. May be coated with.
- the content of taxifolin or a salt thereof in the medicament of the present invention varies depending on the form of the preparation, but is usually about 10 to 100% by weight, preferably about 30 to 100% by weight, more preferably, based on the whole preparation. , About 50-100% by weight.
- the dose of taxifolin or a salt thereof (that is, prophylactically effective amount or therapeutically effective amount) varies depending on the administration target, disease, symptom, dosage form, administration route, etc., but in the case of humans, for example, in the case of humans, an adult patient (weight).
- the amount of taxifolin, which is the active ingredient is usually 10 to 10000 mg, preferably 30 to 1000 mg, more preferably 50 to 500 mg, divided into 1 to several times a day. It can be administered and can be administered before, after, or between meals.
- the administration period is not particularly limited.
- Taxiphorin or a salt thereof can be used in combination with other therapies (ie, dietary therapy, exercise therapy, drug therapy, iron removal therapy, surgical treatment described above). Thereby, it is possible to enhance the preventive and / or therapeutic effect of taxifolin or a salt thereof. Of these, a combination with diet and exercise therapy, or a combination with drug therapy is particularly preferable.
- Taxifolin or a salt thereof can be used in combination with other drugs (concomitant drugs) as long as its efficacy is not impaired.
- the administration time is not limited, and these may be administered to the subject at the same time or at different times. It can also be administered as a single preparation containing taxifolin or a salt thereof in combination with a concomitant drug.
- the dose of the concomitant drug can be appropriately selected based on the clinically used dose.
- the compounding ratio of taxifolin or a salt thereof and the concomitant drug can be appropriately selected according to the administration target, administration route, target disease, symptom, type of concomitant drug and the like.
- a concomitant drug when taxiphorin or a salt thereof (or the brown fat cell activator of the present invention) is used for the prevention and / or treatment of NASH for example, an insulin sensitizer and an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
- an insulin sensitizer and an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor examples thereof include drugs, angiotensin II receptor blockers, non-statin hypercholesterolemia therapeutic agents, antioxidants and the like.
- Examples of the "insulin sensitizer” include thiazolidine derivatives (eg, pioglitazone hydrochloride, troglitazone, rosiglitazone or its maleate, GI-262570, JTT-501, MCC-555, YM-440, KRP-297, etc. CS-011, FK-614, NN-622, AZ-242, BMS-298585, ONO-5816, LM-4156, BM-13-1258, MBX-102, GW-1536, etc.), Biguanide (eg, phenformin) , Metformin, buformin, etc.) and the like are used.
- thiazolidine derivatives eg, pioglitazone hydrochloride, troglitazone, rosiglitazone or its maleate, GI-262570, JTT-501, MCC-555, YM-440, KRP-297, etc.
- HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor for example, pravastatin, simvastatin, lovastatin, atorvastatin, fluvastatin, lipancil, serivastatin, itabastatin, rosuvastatin, or salts thereof (eg, sodium salt, etc.) are used.
- angiotensin II receptor antagonist for example, candesartan cilexetil, losartan, eprosartan, balsantan, telmisartan, irbesartan, tasosartan and the like are used.
- non-statin hypercholesterolemia therapeutic agent for example, ezetinibe or the like is used.
- antioxidant for example, vitamin E, betaine, pentoxifylline, N-acetyl-L-cysteine and the like are used.
- taxifolin or a salt thereof, or a food composition containing the taxifolin as an active ingredient may be referred to as "the food composition of the present invention".
- the food composition of the present invention may consist only of taxifolin or a salt thereof, or may be a mixture of taxifolin or a salt thereof and a food additive or the like.
- the food composition of the present invention may contain taxifolin or a salt thereof and may be ingested orally by the subject, and the type and shape of the food composition are not particularly limited.
- taxiphorin exhibits an excellent hepatic fibrosis inhibitory action and brown adipocyte activating action. Therefore, the food composition of the present invention is used for hepatic fibrosis inhibitory use and brown adipocyte. It can be used for activation, prevention and / or improvement of NASH, and the like.
- the food composition of the present invention includes, for example, sweets such as drops, candy, ramune, gummy, and chewing gum; Western sweets such as cookies, crackers, biscuits, potato chips, bread, cakes, chocolate, donuts, pudding, and jelly; Japanese sweets such as yokan, daifuku, ohagi, bun, castella; cold confectionery such as ice cream, ice candy, sherbet, gelato; breads such as bread, French bread, croquette; noodles such as udon, buckwheat, Chinese noodles, and sushi noodles; Fish paste products such as kamaboko, chikuwa, fish sausage; livestock products such as ham, sausage, hamburger, corn beef; salt, pepper, miso, soy sauce, sauce, dressing, mayonnaise, ketchup, sweeteners (eg sugar, honey, powder) Seasonings such as candy, water candy, jam, marmalade, etc.), spicy ingredients (for example, karakashi, pepper, etc.); Akashi-yaki,
- Yogurt and other dairy products natto, thick fried, tofu, konjac, dumplings, pickles, boiled noodles, dumplings, shumai, croquettes, sandwiches, pizza, hamburgers, salads and other delicacies; beef, pork, chicken and other livestock products; Marine products such as shrimp, scallops, ⁇ , kelp; various powders of vegetables / fruits, plants, yeast, algae, etc .; oils / fats / fragrances (vanilla, citrus, bonito, etc.) powdered and solidified; Beverages and the like can be mentioned.
- Beverages include foods and drinks such as soup and miso soup; powdered foods and drinks such as instant coffee, instant tea, instant milk, instant soup and instant miso soup; whiskey, bourbon, spirits, liqueurs, wine, fruit wine, sake, Chinese sake, Alcoholic beverages such as shochu, beer, non-alcoholic beer with an alcohol content of 1% or less, sparkling liquor, and liquor; beverages containing fruit juice (for example, apple, citrus, grape, banana, pear, ume fruit juice, etc.), vegetable juice (for example) , Tomato, carrot, celery, cucumber, watermelon vegetable juice, etc.), fruit juice and vegetable juice, soft drink, milk, soy milk, milk drink, drink type yogurt, coffee, cocoa, tea drink (tea, Green tea, barley tea, brown rice tea, roasted tea, tamaro tea, roasted tea, oolong tea, ukon tea, liqueur tea, liqueur tea, rose tea, kiku tea, herb tea (for example, mint tea, jasmine tea), nutritional drinks
- Suitable examples of such food compositions include, for example, jelly, tea beverages, alcoholic beverages, drops, candies, ramunes, cookies, crackers, biscuits, chocolate, cheese, butter, margarine, chewing gum and the like.
- the food composition of the present invention may be prepared as a functional food, a health food, a food for specified health use, a food for special use (for example, a food for the sick), a supplement, etc., and the food for specified health use, special use It is preferably prepared as a food or supplement.
- the shape of the food composition of the present invention includes, for example, tablets, pills, capsules (including hard capsules, soft capsules, microcapsules), powders, granules, fine granules, troches, or liquids (syrups, emulsions, etc.). Suspension agents are included) and the like, and tablets or capsules are preferable.
- the food composition of the present invention is particularly preferably a food for specified health use, a food for special use, or a supplement in the form of tablets or capsules.
- the term "supplement” not only means a dietary supplement for supplementing nutrients, etc., but also a function useful for maintaining, recovering, promoting, etc. of health (particularly, prevention of NASH and prevention of NASH). / Or also means health supplements, health functional foods, etc. that have an improvement function).
- the food composition of the present invention can be produced, for example, by adding taxifolin or a salt thereof to a food by a known method.
- a tablet food composition for example, taxiphorin or a salt thereof, and materials such as excipients (for example, lactose, sucrose, mannitol, etc.), sweeteners, flavoring agents, etc. are added and mixed. It can be produced by applying pressure with a tableting machine or the like to form a tablet into a tablet shape. If necessary, other materials (for example, vitamins such as vitamin C, minerals such as iron, and other additives such as dietary fiber) can be added.
- the food composition of the capsule is, for example, filled with a liquid, suspension, paste, powder, or granular food composition containing taxiphorin or a salt thereof in a capsule, or encapsulated with a capsule base. It can be molded and manufactured.
- the food composition of the present invention includes commonly used food materials, food additives, various nutrients, vitamins, flavor substances (for example, cheese, chocolate, etc.) and physiology as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- a carrier or the like that is generally acceptable can be blended.
- physiologically acceptable carriers and the like various conventional organic or inorganic carrier substances are used, and excipients, binders, disintegrants, thickeners, colorants, sweeteners, preservatives, antioxidants, etc. Examples include thickeners and emulsifiers.
- food additives include colorants, sweeteners, preservatives, antioxidants, flavoring agents and the like.
- other materials such as minerals such as iron and dietary fiber such as pectin, carrageenan and mannan may be contained.
- Excipients binders, disintegrants, lubricants, solvents, solubilizers, suspending agents, buffers, thickeners, colorants, sweeteners, preservatives, and antioxidants have been mentioned above. Examples thereof include those used in the medicament of the present invention.
- the vitamins may be water-soluble or fat-soluble, and may be, for example, retinol palmitate, tocopherol, bisbenchamine, riboflavin, pyridoxin hydrochloride, cyanocobalamin, sodium ascorbate, choleciferol, nicotinamide, etc. Examples thereof include calcium pantothenate, folic acid, biotin and choline heavy tartrate.
- a coating substrate is used by a method known per se for the purposes of masking taste, improving photostability, improving appearance or enteric properties. It may be coated.
- the coating base material include those used in the above-mentioned pharmaceuticals of the present invention, which can be carried out in the same manner.
- the content of taxifolin or a salt thereof in the food composition of the present invention is about 0.1 to 50% by weight, preferably about 0.5 to 30% by weight, more preferably about. It is 1 to 20% by weight.
- the food composition thus obtained is safe, it can be continuously given to a target, particularly preferably a human.
- the intake of the food composition of the present invention may be within the range of an effective amount of taxifolin or a salt thereof that activates brown adipocytes, or an effective amount that prevents and / or improves NASH.
- an effective amount of taxifolin or a salt thereof that activates brown adipocytes or an effective amount that prevents and / or improves NASH.
- the food composition of the present invention when it is ingested by an adult for the purpose of preventing and / or ameliorating NASH, it is generally used as the intake of taxifolin or a salt thereof, although it varies depending on the subject to be ingested, the form of intake, the amount of food intake, and the like.
- taxifolin which is the active ingredient
- 10 to 10000 mg, preferably 30 to 1000 mg, and more preferably 50 to 500 mg can be ingested once to several times a day.
- the above intake amount is preferable from the viewpoint that the effect is exhibited without affecting the palatability and the amount of food intake. Similar
- the food composition of the present invention may be used alone, but in combination with other therapies (ie, dietary therapy, exercise therapy, drug therapy, iron removal therapy, surgical treatment described above). You may. Specifically, for example, it can be used in combination with other pharmaceutical compositions, food compositions, or feeds having a liver function improving effect. Prevention and / or prevention of liver fibrosis inhibitory effect, brown adipocyte activation effect (specifically, for example, energy consumption promoting effect), NASH (particularly NASH with liver fibrosis) in combination with other therapies. The improvement effect can be further enhanced.
- the food composition of the present invention includes health foods, functional foods, foods for specified health uses, foods with health claims, foods with a disease risk reduction label, or special-purpose foods (for example, foods for the sick). Classifications are also included.
- the disease risk reduction label include a label for reducing the risk of liver fibrosis, a label for activating brown adipocytes and promoting energy metabolism, and the like. Therefore, the food composition of the present invention contains, for example, taxifolin or a salt thereof to reduce the risk of liver fibrosis, and contains taxifolin or a salt thereof, activates brown adipocytes, and energy metabolism. It is a food or drink with a label indicating that it promotes.
- the functional indication attached to these food compositions can be any of the main body of the product, the container, the packaging, the instruction manual, the package insert, or the promotional material.
- taxifolin used in the following test examples, the taxifolin purchased from Amesis JSC ( Russian) was used as it was.
- Test Example 1 Effect of taxiphorin intake on NASH in high-fat diet-induced obesity model mice (1) Method (1-1) Feeding experiment C57BL / 6J mice were used as experimental animals. It was purchased from Nippon Claire Co., Ltd. at the age of 7 weeks, and after 1 week of acclimatization, it was randomly divided into 4 groups as shown in Table 1 below at the age of 8 weeks.
- Eating and drinking were free, and food intake and body weight were measured once a week.
- the fasting blood glucose was measured on the start date of the feeding experiment and once every 4 weeks (4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks after the start of feeding). After 12 weeks, an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) was performed to analyze glucose tolerance. In addition, rectal temperature was measured after 8 and 12 weeks (Table 2).
- IPGTT intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test
- liver sample (liver only) / preservation
- the liver sample was partially trimmed for tissue observation, washed, immersed in 4% paraformaldehyde, and fixed at 4 ° C. overnight.
- the fixed sample was washed, dehydrated with an elevated ethanol series, and embedded in paraffin.
- the remaining liver samples were snap frozen in liquid nitrogen and then stored at ⁇ 80 ° C. until used in each experiment.
- the weight of the high-fat diet + taxifolin group (high-fat diet / with tax) is the same as that of the normal diet only group (normal diet / without tax), and the normal diet + taxifolin group is also compared with other groups. No weight gain was confirmed.
- FIG. 5A it was confirmed that the liver weight (Live weight) was significantly reduced in the high-fat diet + taxifolin group (with taxifolin) as compared with the high-fat diet only group (without taxifolin). It was.
- FIG. 5B it was confirmed that the epididymal fat weight (EPI WAT weight) was significantly reduced in the high-fat diet + taxifolin group (with taxifolin) as compared with the high-fat diet only group (without taxifolin).
- FIG. 5C it was confirmed that the brown adipose tissue weight (BAT Weight) was significantly reduced in the high-fat diet + taxifolin group (with taxifolin) as compared with the high-fat diet only group (without taxifolin). ..
- AMPK phosphorylation is significant in the high-fat diet + taxifolin group (with taxifolin) as compared with the high-fat diet only group (without taxifolin). It was also confirmed that there was a significant increase in the normal diet + taxifolin group (with taxifolin) as compared with the normal diet alone group (without taxifolin).
- ACC phosphorylation was significantly increased in the high-fat diet + taxifolin group (with taxifolin) compared with the high-fat diet only group (without taxifolin), and compared with the normal diet only group (without taxifolin). , It was confirmed that there was a significant increase in the normal diet + taxifolin group (with taxifolin).
- (Xiii) Oxidative stress and antioxidant activity
- MDA malondialdehyde
- FIG. 12A the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), which is a blood lipid peroxidation marker, is higher in the high-fat diet + taxifolin group than in the high-fat diet only group (without taxifolin). It was confirmed that (with taxifolin) significantly decreased.
- FIG. 12B the MDA concentration in the liver, which is a marker of liver lipid peroxidation, was significantly decreased in the high-fat diet + taxifolin group (with taxifolin) as compared with the high-fat diet alone group (without taxifolin), and was normal.
- JNK c-Jun amino-terminal kinase
- FIG. 15E it was confirmed that F4 / 80 was significantly decreased in the high-fat diet + taxifolin group (with taxifolin) as compared with the high-fat diet alone group (without taxifolin). It was also confirmed that there was a significant decrease in the normal diet + taxifolin group (with taxifolin) compared with the normal diet only group (without taxifolin).
- FIG. 15G it was confirmed that TGF- ⁇ 1 was significantly decreased in the normal diet + taxifolin group (with taxifolin) as compared with the normal diet alone group (without taxifolin).
- liver tissue CLS hepatic inflammation-like strains: hCLS
- Formulation Example 1 (Manufacturing of tablets) 1) Taxifolin 50g 2) Lactose 50g 3) Corn starch 15g 4) Carboxymethyl cellulose calcium 44g 5) Magnesium stearate 1 g 1000 tablets total 160g The whole amount of 1), 2) and 3) and 30 g of 4) are kneaded with water, vacuum dried, and then sized. 14 g of 4) and 1 g of 5) are mixed with this sized powder and locked with a lock press. In this way, 1000 tablets containing 50 mg of taxifolin per tablet are obtained.
- Formulation Example 2 (Manufacturing of capsules) 1) Taxifolin 50 mg 2) Fine powdered cellulose 10 mg 3) Lactose 19 mg 4) Magnesium stearate 1 mg 80 mg in total 1), 2), 3) and 4) are mixed and filled in gelatin capsules.
- an excellent hepatic fibrosis inhibitor characterized by containing taxifolin, which is a safe plant-derived ingredient, or a salt thereof as an active ingredient.
- taxifolin which is a safe plant-derived ingredient, or a salt thereof as an active ingredient.
- the progress of fibrosis can be suppressed even for NASH, and as a result, the aggravation of NASH can be prevented.
- energy consumption can be promoted, UCP1 expression can be enhanced, and fibrosis of adipose tissue can be effectively suppressed.
- various causes can be caused by administering a prophylactic and / or therapeutically effective amount of taxiphorin, which is a liver fibrosis inhibitor and / or a brown fat cell activator, or a salt thereof. It is possible to provide a pharmaceutical composition or a food composition useful in the prevention and / or treatment (or improvement) of liver fibrosis caused by viral infection, NASH, autoimmune hepatitis, etc.). In particular, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a novel and effective preventive and / or therapeutic agent for NASH with fibrosis for which no effective preventive or therapeutic method has been known so far.
- the taxiphorin or its salt in the present invention. It is also possible to enhance the preventive and / or therapeutic effect.
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Abstract
Description
しかし、タキシフォリンの、肝線維化抑制作用や褐色脂肪細胞活性化作用に関する報告例はなく、また、線維化を伴うNASHの予防及び/又は治療剤としてのタキシフォリンの使用に関する報告例もない。
[1]タキシフォリンを有効成分として含有する肝線維化抑制剤。
[2]肝線維化が、肝炎ウイルス感染、非アルコール性脂肪肝炎、又は自己免疫性肝炎により引き起こされるものである、上記[1]に記載の肝線維化抑制剤。
[3]肝線維化が、非アルコール性脂肪肝炎により引き起こされるものである、上記[1]に記載の肝線維化抑制剤。
[4]タキシフォリンを有効成分として含有する褐色脂肪細胞活性化剤。
[5]肝線維化を抑制するための、上記[4]に記載の褐色脂肪細胞活性化剤。
[6]肝線維化が、肝炎ウイルス感染、非アルコール性脂肪肝炎、又は自己免疫性肝炎により引き起こされるものである、上記[5]に記載の褐色脂肪細胞活性化剤。
[7]肝線維化が、非アルコール性脂肪肝炎により引き起こされるものである、上記[5]に記載の褐色脂肪細胞活性化剤。
[8]上記[1]~[7]のいずれかに記載の剤を有効成分として含有する、肝線維化を伴う非アルコール性脂肪肝炎の予防及び/又は治療剤。
[9]エネルギー消費を促進するための、上記[5]に記載の褐色脂肪細胞活性化剤。
[10]UCP1の発現を亢進するための、上記[5]に記載の褐色脂肪細胞活性化剤。
[11]錠剤、丸剤、カプセル剤、散剤、顆粒剤、細粒剤、トローチ、又は液剤の形態で調製されていることを特徴とする、上記[1]~[10]のいずれかに記載の剤。
[12]予防及び/又は治療的有効量のタキシフォリン又はその塩を有効成分として含有する、肝線維化を伴う非アルコール性脂肪肝炎の予防及び/又は治療剤。
[13]有効量のタキシフォリン又はその塩を有効成分として含有する、肝線維化を伴う非アルコール性脂肪肝炎の予防又は改善用食品組成物。
[14]「肝線維化のリスク低減用」、及び/又は「エネルギー代謝促進用」である旨の表示が付された、上記[13]に記載の食品組成物。
[15]サプリメント、機能性食品、健康食品、特別用途食品、保険機能食品、特定保健用食品、又は栄養機能食品として調製されていることを特徴とする、上記[13]又は[14]に記載の食品組成物。
[16]錠剤、丸剤、カプセル剤、散剤、顆粒剤、細粒剤、トローチ、又は液剤の形態で調製されていることを特徴とする、上記[13]~[15]のいずれかに記載の食品組成物。
[17]予防及び/又は治療的有効量のタキシフォリン又はその塩を対象に経口投与することを特徴とする、肝線維化を伴う非アルコール性脂肪肝炎の予防及び/又は治療方法。
[18]肝線維化を伴う非アルコール性脂肪肝炎の予防及び/又は治療において使用するためのタキシフォリン又はその塩。
[19]肝線維化を伴う非アルコール性脂肪肝炎の予防及び/又は治療において使用するための、タキシフォリン含有医薬組成物。
[20]肝線維化の予防及び/又は改善において使用するための、タキシフォリン含有食品組成物。
[21]肝線維化を伴う非アルコール性脂肪肝炎の予防及び/又は治療において使用するための医薬の製造のためのタキシフォリン又はその塩の使用。
肝線維化の評価は、肝生検による組織診断の他、フィブロスキャンを用いて、肝臓の硬さを非侵襲に測定することも可能である。最近、crown−like structure(CLS)と呼ばれる特徴的な組織像が肥満の脂肪組織やNASHに共通して形成され、ここを起点として組織線維化が進行することが報告されている(例えば、菅波孝祥,上原記念生命科学財団研究報告集,31(2017)等)。
褐色脂肪細胞の存在、褐色脂肪細胞数の変化、及び/又は褐色脂肪細胞におけるエネルギー消費量の上昇は、褐色脂肪組織重量や直腸温を測定すること、UCP1 mRNA発現やUCP1タンパク質量を測定すること、組織学的に細胞を観察すること、18F標識グルコースの集積をPETで測定すること、寒冷誘導熱産生を測定すること等により評価することができる。
後述する試験例に示されるように、タキシフォリンは優れた肝線維化抑制作用(肝臓のAMP活性化プロテインキナーゼ(AMPK)活性化、肝臓組織における炎症性サイトカインの発現抑制、及び肝臓組織の線維化の減少)及び褐色脂肪細胞活性化作用(直腸温の上昇、及びUCP1遺伝子の発現の増加)を示すことから、タキシフォリン又はその塩、或いはそれを有効成分として含有する組成物は、肝線維化抑制剤(以下、「本発明の肝線維化抑制剤」と称する。)、及び/又は褐色脂肪細胞活性化剤(以下、「本発明の褐色脂肪細胞活性化剤」と称する。)として好適に使用することができる。また、当該肝線維化抑制作用や褐色脂肪細胞活性化作用に関連して、NASHの線維化防止効果、抗肥満効果、耐糖能改善、及びインスリン抵抗性向上が見られることから、本発明の肝線維化抑制剤、及び/又は褐色脂肪細胞活性化剤は、各種メタボリックシンドロームの予防及び/又は治療剤としてのみならず、線維化を伴うNASHの予防及び/又は治療剤として有用である。肝臓組織の線維化を有意に抑制する薬剤は、これまで殆ど知られていないことから、本発明の医薬は、重症度の高いNASHの有効な予防及び/又は治療剤となり得る。
以下、本明細書中、タキシフォリン又はその塩、或いはそれを有効成分として含有する医薬組成物を「本発明の医薬」又は「本発明の予防及び/又は治療剤」と称することもある。
タキシフォリン又はその塩は、その薬効を損なわない限り、他の薬剤(併用薬)と併用することができる。この際、投与時期は限定されず、これらを対象に対し、同時に投与してもよいし、時間差をおいて投与してもよい。また、タキシフォリン又はその塩と併用薬とを組み合わせて含有する単一の製剤として投与することもできる。
以下、本明細書中、タキシフォリン又はその塩、或いはそれを有効成分として含有する食品組成物を「本発明の食品組成物」と称することもある。
本発明の食品組成物は、タキシフォリン又はその塩のみからなるもの、或いはタキシフォリン又はその塩と食品添加物等を配合したもののいずれでもよい。本発明の食品組成物としては、タキシフォリン又はその塩を含有し、かつ、対象が経口的に摂取し得るものであればよく、食品組成物の種類、形状等に特に制限はない。また、後述する試験例に示されるように、タキシフォリンは優れた肝線維化抑制作用及び褐色脂肪細胞活性化作用を示すことから、本発明の食品組成物は、肝線維化抑制用途、褐色脂肪細胞活性化の用途、NASHの予防及び/又は改善用途等に使用することができる。
(1)方法
(1−1)摂食実験
実験動物としては、C57BL/6Jマウスを使用した。日本クレア株式会社から7週齢で購入し、1週間の馴化後8週齢で下表1の通り、無作為に4群に分けた。
肝臓サンプルは、一部組織観察用トリミングして洗浄後、4%パラフォルムアルデヒドに浸漬し、4℃で一晩固定した。固定したサンプルを洗浄後、上昇エタノール系列にて脱水後、パラフィン包埋した。
残りの肝臓サンプルは、液体窒素にて急速冷凍後、各実験に供するまで−80℃で保存した。
(i)血中濃度・生化学検査
・インスリン濃度:超高感度マウスインスリン ELISAキット(モリナガ)
・レプチン濃度:マウス/ラットレプチン ELISAキット(モリナガ)
・アディポネクチン濃度:マウス/ラットアディポネクチン ELISAキット(大塚製薬)
・トリグリセライド:ラボアッセイキット(和光)
・TNF−α、IL−1β濃度:ELISAキット(Proteintech)
・ALT、AST量:Assay Kit(フナコシ)
・耐糖能:空腹時血糖値から摂取後120分までの血糖値変動曲線より,血糖曲線下面積(area under curve,AUC)を台形公式で算出した。
・血中・肝臓組織脂質過酸化:Lipid Peroxidation (MDA) Colorimetric Assay Kit(BioVision, Inc)
・抗酸化酵素遺伝子(Mn−SOD、CuZn−SOD、Catalase、GPx)発現:Real−time Quantitative RT PCR
・Srebp1c、Lxrα、FAS、Scd1、PPARα、Cpt1a遺伝子発現:Real−time Quantitative RT PCR
・AMPKリン酸化、ACCリン酸化:Western blotting
・F4/80、TNF−α、IL−1β遺伝子発現:Real−time Quantitative RT PCR
・P38 MAPKリン酸化、NF−κB p65リン酸化、JNKリン酸化:Western blotting
・αSMA、PAI1、TGF−β、1型Collagen遺伝子発現:Real−time Quantitative RT PCR
・F4/80、αSMA、TGF−β1タンパク量:Western blotting
・形態、脂肪蓄積観察:ヘマトキシリン・エオジン(Hematoxylin Eosin:HE)染色
・線維化観察:アザン(Azan)染色、SiriusRed染色、免疫組織化学(抗F4/80抗体)
・対象組織:褐色脂肪組織
・ターゲット:UCP1遺伝子
・解析手段:real−time RT PCR解析
(i)体重変化(1/週測定)
図1の結果から、摂食実験開始後、3週で高脂肪食のみ群(高脂肪食/Taxなし)に体重差(増加)が確認され、4週で高脂肪食のみ群と他の群との間で有意差が確認された。また、摂食実験開始後、6週で普通食+タキシフォリン群(普通食/Taxあり)で体重減少に有意差が確認され、8週で普通食+タキシフォリン群と他の群全てで体重減少に有意差が確認された。摂食実験開始から12週で、高脂肪食のみ群で顕著な体重増加が確認された。これに対し、高脂肪食+タキシフォリン群(高脂肪食/Taxあり)の体重は普通食のみ群(普通食/Taxなし)と同等であり、普通食+タキシフォリン群でも他の群に比して体重増加が確認されなかった。
図2の結果によれば、摂食期間中、普通食のみ群(普通食/Taxなし)、普通食+タキシフォリン群(普通食/Taxあり)間で摂食量に差は見られず、高脂肪食のみ群(高脂肪食/Taxなし)、高脂肪食+タキシフォリン群(高脂肪食/Taxあり)間でも摂食量に差は見られなかった。一日のタキシフォリン摂食量は摂食実験開始12週経過時で以下の通りであった。
高脂肪食+タキシフォリン摂取群(高脂肪食/Taxあり):約100mg / 約36g BW/匹/日
図3Aによれば、実験開始から12週経過時の空腹時血糖は高脂肪食のみ群(高脂肪食/Taxなし)で有意に高値を示し、普通食+タキシフォリン群(普通食/Taxあり)で有意に低値を示した。
図3Bによれば、腹腔内ブドウ糖負荷試験開始後、60分の血糖値は高脂肪食のみ群(高脂肪食/Taxなし)で有意に高値を示し、普通食+タキシフォリン群(普通食/Taxあり)で有意に低値を示した。
図3Cによれば、AUCにおいても高脂肪食のみ群(高脂肪食/Taxなし)に比べ、高脂肪食+タキシフォリン群(普通食/Taxあり)で有意に減少した。
図4Aによれば、実験開始から8週時の直腸温は、高脂肪食のみ群(高脂肪食/Taxなし)で有意に低値を示し、普通食+タキシフォリン群(普通食/Taxあり)で有意に高値を示した。この傾向は、12週時の直腸温についても同様であった。このことから、タキシフォリンの摂食により褐色脂肪細胞が活性化した結果、エネルギー消費が亢進して直腸温が上昇したことが示唆された。
図4Bによれば、UCP1遺伝子発現は、高脂肪食のみ群(タキシフォリン無)に比べ、高脂肪食+タキシフォリン群(タキシフォリン有)で有意に増加することが確認された。このことから、タキシフォリンの摂食により、熱産生に関わるUCP1遺伝子の発現が亢進したことが示唆された。
図5Aによれば、肝臓重量(Liver weight)は、高脂肪食のみ群(タキシフォリン無)に比べ、高脂肪食+タキシフォリン群(タキシフォリン有)で有意に減少することが確認された。
図5Bによれば、精巣上体脂肪重量(EPI WAT weight)は、高脂肪食のみ群(タキシフォリン無)に比べ、高脂肪食+タキシフォリン群(タキシフォリン有)で有意に減少することが確認された。
また、図5Cによれば、褐色脂肪組織重量(BAT Weight)は、高脂肪食のみ群(タキシフォリン無)に比べ、高脂肪食+タキシフォリン群(タキシフォリン有)で有意に減少することが確認された。
図6Aによれば、摂食実験開始12週経過後の空腹時血糖は、高脂肪食のみ群(タキシフォリン無)に比べ、高脂肪食+タキシフォリン群(タキシフォリン有)で有意に減少し、また、普通食のみ群(タキシフォリン無)に比べ、普通食+タキシフォリン群(タキシフォリン有)でも有意に減少することが確認された。
図6Bによれば、血中インスリン濃度は、高脂肪食のみ群(タキシフォリン無)に比べ、高脂肪食+タキシフォリン群(タキシフォリン有)で有意に減少することが確認された。
また、図6Cによれば、インスリン抵抗性指標(HOMA−R)についても、高脂肪食のみ群(タキシフォリン無)に比べ、高脂肪食+タキシフォリン群(タキシフォリン有)で有意に減少することが確認された。
図7によれば、血中トリグリセリド濃度は、高脂肪食のみ群(タキシフォリン無)に比べ、高脂肪食+タキシフォリン群(タキシフォリン有)で減少傾向(P=0.079)を示した。
図8Aによれば、血中レプチン濃度は、高脂肪食のみ群(タキシフォリン無)に比べ、高脂肪食+タキシフォリン群(タキシフォリン有)で有意に減少することが確認された。
図8Cによれば、TNF−α濃度は、高脂肪食のみ群(タキシフォリン無)に比べ、高脂肪食+タキシフォリン群(タキシフォリン有)で減少する傾向(P=0.076)を示した。
図8Dによれば、IL−1β濃度は、高脂肪食のみ群(タキシフォリン無)に比べ、高脂肪食+タキシフォリン群(タキシフォリン有)で減少する傾向(P=0.0932)を示した。
図9Bによれば、血中ALT値は、高脂肪食のみ群(タキシフォリン無)に比べ、高脂肪食+タキシフォリン群(タキシフォリン有)で有意に減少することが確認された。
図9Cによれば、肝臓トリグリセリド濃度は、高脂肪食のみ群(タキシフォリン無)に比べ、高脂肪食+タキシフォリン群(タキシフォリン有)で有意に減少することが確認された。
図10Aによれば、AMPKリン酸化は、高脂肪食のみ群(タキシフォリン無)に比べ、高脂肪食+タキシフォリン群(タキシフォリン有)で有意に増加し、また、普通食のみ群(タキシフォリン無)に比べ、普通食+タキシフォリン群(タキシフォリン有)でも有意に増加することが確認された。
図10Bによれば、ACCリン酸化は、高脂肪食のみ群(タキシフォリン無)に比べ高脂肪食+タキシフォリン群(タキシフォリン有)で有意に増加し、また、普通食のみ群(タキシフォリン無)に比べ、普通食+タキシフォリン群(タキシフォリン有)でも有意に増加することが確認された。
図11Aによれば、Srebp1c、Lxrα、FAS、及びScd1遺伝子の発現が、高脂肪食のみ群(高脂肪食/タキシフォリン無)に比べ、高脂肪食+タキシフォリン群(高脂肪食/タキシフォリン有)で有意に減少することが確認された。
図11Bによれば、Cd36遺伝子の発現が、高脂肪食のみ群(高脂肪食/タキシフォリン無)に比べ、高脂肪食+タキシフォリン群(高脂肪食/タキシフォリン有)で有意に減少することが確認された。
図12Aによれば、血中脂質過酸化マーカーであるマロンジアルデヒド(MDA)濃度は、高脂肪食のみ群(タキシフォリン無)に比べ、高脂肪食+タキシフォリン群(タキシフォリン有)で有意に減少することが確認された。
図12Bによれば、肝臓脂質過酸化マーカーである肝臓のMDA濃度は、高脂肪食のみ群(タキシフォリン無)に比べ、高脂肪食+タキシフォリン群(タキシフォリン有)で有意に減少し、また、普通食のみ群(タキシフォリン無)に比べ、普通食+タキシフォリン群(タキシフォリン有)でも有意に減少することが確認された。
また、図12C、D、E及びFによれば、酸化ストレスにより誘導される抗酸化酵素群(Mn−SOD、CuZn−SOD、Catalase、GP−x)の遺伝子発現は、高脂肪食のみ群(タキシフォリン無)に比べ、高脂肪食+タキシフォリン群(タキシフォリン有)で有意に減少することが確認された。さらに、図12Cによれば、Mn−SODの遺伝子発現は、普通食のみ群(タキシフォリン無)に比べ、普通食+タキシフォリン群(タキシフォリン有)でも有意に減少することが確認された。
図13Aによれば、成熟マクロファージマーカーF4/80遺伝子発現は、高脂肪食のみ群(タキシフォリン無)に比べ、高脂肪食+タキシフォリン群(タキシフォリン有)で有意に減少することが確認された。
図13B及びCによれば、TNF−α、IL−1β遺伝子発現は、高脂肪食のみ群(タキシフォリン無)に比べ、高脂肪食+タキシフォリン群(タキシフォリン有)で有意に減少することが確認された。
図14Aによれば、P38 MAPKリン酸化は、高脂肪食のみ群(タキシフォリン無)に比べ、高脂肪食+タキシフォリン群(タキシフォリン有)で減少傾向であること(P=0.1045)が確認された。
図14Bによれば、NF−κB p65リン酸化は、高脂肪食のみ群(タキシフォリン無)に比べ、高脂肪食+タキシフォリン群(タキシフォリン有)で有意に減少することが確認された。
図14Cによれば、c−Junアミノ末端キナーゼ(JNK)リン酸化は、高脂肪食のみ群(タキシフォリン無)に比べ、高脂肪食+タキシフォリン群(タキシフォリン有)で減少傾向(P=0.1701)が認められた。
(遺伝子発現解析)
図15A~Cによれば、線維化指標群(αSMA、PAI1、TGF−β1)の遺伝子発現は、高脂肪食のみ群(タキシフォリン無)に比べ、高脂肪食+タキシフォリン群(タキシフォリン有)で有意に減少することが確認された。
図15Dによれば、Collagen 1は、高脂肪食のみ群(タキシフォリン無)に比べ、高脂肪食+タキシフォリン群(タキシフォリン有)で減少傾向(P=0.07)が認められた。
図15Eによれば、F4/80は、高脂肪食のみ群(タキシフォリン無)に比べ、高脂肪食+タキシフォリン群(タキシフォリン有)で有意に減少することが確認された。また、普通食のみ群(タキシフォリン無)に比べ、普通食+タキシフォリン群(タキシフォリン有)で有意に減少することも確認された。
図15Fによれば、αSMAは、高脂肪食のみ群(タキシフォリン無)に比べ、高脂肪食+タキシフォリン群(タキシフォリン有)で減少傾向(P=0.054)が認められた。
図15Gによれば、TGF−β1は、普通食のみ群(タキシフォリン無)に比べ、普通食+タキシフォリン群(タキシフォリン有)で有意に減少することが確認された。
図16のヘマトキシリン・エオジン(Hematoxylin Eosin:HE)染色の写真によれば、高脂肪食のみ群で顕著な脂肪蓄積が確認された。一方、高脂肪食+タキシフォリン群では、脂肪蓄積は確認されたものの、高脂肪食のみ群に比べ、顕著に減少しており、脂肪肝を抑制することが確認された。
図17のアザン(Azan)染色の写真(青く線維状に濃染された箇所がコラーゲン線維を示す)によれば、高脂肪食のみ群に比べ、高脂肪食+タキシフォリン群では青く染められたコラーゲンの量が減少しており、肝臓組織の線維化を抑制することが確認された。
図18のシリウスレッド(Sirius Red)染色の写真(赤く線維状に濃染された箇所がコラーゲ線維を示す)によれば、高脂肪食のみ群に比べ、高脂肪食+タキシフォリン群では赤く染められたコラーゲンの量が減少しており、図17のアザン染色同様、肝臓組織の線維化を抑制することが確認された。
図19の抗F4/80抗体による免疫組織化学的染色の写真によれば、高脂肪食のみ群に肝組織CLS(hepatic crown−like structures:hCLS)(部分拡大図参照)が認められる傾向があったが、高脂肪食+タキシフォリン群ではほとんど見られず、肝臓組織における炎症抑制が確認された。
1)タキシフォリン 50g
2)乳糖 50g
3)トウモロコシデンプン 15g
4)カルボキシメチルセルロースカルシウム 44g
5)ステアリン酸マグネシウム 1g
1000錠 計 160g
1)、2)、3)の全量および30gの4)を水で練合し、真空乾燥後、整粒を行う。この整粒末に14gの4)および1gの5)を混合し、打錠機により打錠する。このようにして、1錠あたりタキシフォリン50mgを含有する錠剤1000錠を得る。
1)タキシフォリン 50mg
2)微粉末セルロース 10mg
3)乳糖 19mg
4)ステアリン酸マグネシウム 1mg
計 80mg
1)、2)、3)および4)を混合して、ゼラチンカプセルに充填する。
Claims (8)
- タキシフォリンを有効成分として含有する肝線維化抑制剤。
- 肝線維化が、肝炎ウイルス感染、非アルコール性脂肪肝炎、又は自己免疫性肝炎により引き起こされるものである、請求項1に記載の肝線維化抑制剤。
- 肝線維化が、非アルコール性脂肪肝炎により引き起こされるものである、請求項1に記載の肝線維化抑制剤。
- タキシフォリンを有効成分として含有する褐色脂肪細胞活性化剤。
- 肝線維化を抑制するための、請求項4に記載の褐色脂肪細胞活性化剤。
- 肝線維化が、肝炎ウイルス感染、非アルコール性脂肪肝炎、又は自己免疫性肝炎により引き起こされるものである、請求項5に記載の褐色脂肪細胞活性化剤。
- 肝線維化が、非アルコール性脂肪肝炎により引き起こされるものである、請求項5に記載の褐色脂肪細胞活性化剤。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の剤を有効成分として含有する、肝線維化を伴う非アルコール性脂肪肝炎の予防及び/又は治療剤。
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