WO2020258966A1 - 气体发生器和用于机动车的安全气囊 - Google Patents

气体发生器和用于机动车的安全气囊 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020258966A1
WO2020258966A1 PCT/CN2020/082771 CN2020082771W WO2020258966A1 WO 2020258966 A1 WO2020258966 A1 WO 2020258966A1 CN 2020082771 W CN2020082771 W CN 2020082771W WO 2020258966 A1 WO2020258966 A1 WO 2020258966A1
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Prior art keywords
gas generator
gas
filter
generator according
housing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/082771
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈建林
Original Assignee
延锋汽车智能安全系统有限责任公司
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Publication of WO2020258966A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020258966A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
    • B60R21/16—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
    • B60R21/26—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow
    • B60R21/261—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow with means other than bag structure to diffuse or guide inflation fluid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
    • B60R21/16—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
    • B60R21/26—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow
    • B60R21/264—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow using instantaneous generation of gas, e.g. pyrotechnic
    • B60R21/2644—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow using instantaneous generation of gas, e.g. pyrotechnic using only solid reacting substances, e.g. pellets, powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
    • B60R21/16—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
    • B60R21/26—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow
    • B60R21/276—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow with means to vent the inflation fluid source, e.g. in case of overpressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
    • B60R21/16—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
    • B60R21/26—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow
    • B60R2021/26029—Ignitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
    • B60R21/16—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
    • B60R21/26—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow
    • B60R21/261—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags characterised by the inflation fluid source or means to control inflation fluid flow with means other than bag structure to diffuse or guide inflation fluid
    • B60R2021/2612—Gas guiding means, e.g. ducts

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of gas generators. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a gas generator for an airbag of a motor vehicle, and an airbag including the gas generator.
  • Gas generators are widely used in the field of safety technology, such as in the airbags of motor vehicles, or in pre-tensioned seat belts.
  • the airbag of a motor vehicle usually includes a gas generator and an inflatable air bag connected to the gas generator.
  • the gas generator can be triggered and quickly generate a large amount of gas.
  • the gas is filled into an inflatable air bag to expand the air bag, thereby protecting the motor vehicle The role of the crew.
  • Gas generators can be divided into pyrotechnic gas generators and hybrid gas generators according to the gas generation method.
  • the pyrotechnic gas generator generates gas by igniting the gas-producing agent, and it is mainly used in the airbags of the driver's seat and the passenger seat to prevent front conflict.
  • the diameter and thickness of the gas generator for the driver’s seat airbag can be made smaller and thinner (Can be less than 35mm).
  • the diameter and thickness of the gas generator for the passenger seat airbag are usually made larger and larger. Thick (up to 55mm or more). Therefore, further lightening and miniaturization of the gas generator is particularly advantageous for the gas generator for the airbag of the passenger seat.
  • the filter 2 is not fully utilized, which not only leads to waste of the material and function of the filter, but also hinders the miniaturization and weight reduction of the gas generator.
  • the filter 2 is generally configured in a cylindrical shape and vertically arranged around the charge and combustion chamber 4.
  • the gas generated by the gas generator first passes through the filter 2 and then is discharged through the exhaust port 6. Therefore, the gas has a tendency to converge toward the exhaust port 6 (as indicated by the arrow). Since the exhaust port 6 is arranged at a position close to the top of the gas generator, the gas usually converges near the top of the gas generator and the part of the filter close to the bottom of the gas generator is not fully utilized.
  • a gas generator may include: a housing with an exhaust port provided on a side of the housing; an igniter assembly and a filter installed in the housing, wherein , A charge and a combustion chamber for accommodating and burning the gas generating agent are arranged around the igniter assembly, and the filter is arranged on the igniter assembly and the charge and combustion chamber.
  • the guide element is provided with a guide port for guiding the gas generated by the combustion of the gas generating agent to the filter.
  • the gas generator may further include a rectifying plate disposed above the guide element.
  • the rectification plate may be provided with an opening, and the area of the opening of the rectification plate is selected to obtain the pressure required for the combustion of the gas generating agent in the charge and the combustion chamber.
  • the rectifying plate is also used to form the upper boundary between the charge and the combustion chamber, and the gas generated by the combustion of the gas generating agent can enter the filter through the opening of the rectifying plate.
  • the guide element may be configured as a packer, and the packer may be configured to include a first part capable of sealing the ignition charge container of the igniter assembly and provided with the guide port for use To guide the second part of the gas.
  • the guide element may be configured as a packer, and the packer may be configured in a disc shape and include a bottom portion and a flange portion extending obliquely outward from the bottom portion, wherein the The bottom part is used to seal the ignition powder container of the igniter assembly, and the flange part is provided with the guide port for guiding the gas.
  • the guide element may include a plurality of guide ports.
  • the shape of the guide port is configured as a circle, an ellipse, a square, a polygon, or a slit.
  • the size of the guide port may be designed to be able to confine the gas generating drug in the charge and combustion chamber.
  • the opening of the rectifying plate may be sealed by a sealing element configured to be able to fail when the gas generator is working.
  • the sealing element is configured to be melted away when the gas generator is in operation.
  • the sealing element may be a sealing metal sheet.
  • the sealing element may be a sealing aluminum sheet.
  • the igniter assembly may include a base and an igniter, the base includes a skeleton element, the igniter is integrated with the skeleton element by injection molding with a plastic material, and the plastic material forms an injection molded body,
  • the base is provided with a ring groove configured to receive a cylindrical protrusion protruding inward from the housing of the gas generator.
  • the ring groove may be defined on the outside by the skeleton element and on the inside by the injection molded body.
  • the ring groove may be configured to form a sealed connection structure with the cylindrical protrusion.
  • the sealed connection structure may be realized by a sealing ring arranged in a ring groove.
  • the skeleton element may have a bottom and a first cylindrical portion, the first cylindrical portion has a first ring shoulder, the injection molded body has a second ring shoulder, and the first ring shoulder
  • the groove bottom of the ring groove is formed together with the second ring shoulder, and the first ring shoulder and the second ring shoulder are configured to directly or indirectly support the cylindrical protrusion.
  • the skeleton element may be made of metal.
  • the housing may include a first housing part and a second housing part, the first housing part is configured as a cup-shaped part, and the second housing part is configured as a lid-shaped part .
  • the exhaust port may be provided on the side of the second housing part.
  • the first housing part and the second housing part may be connected by laser welding or friction welding.
  • an airbag for a motor vehicle may include an air bag that can be inflated and the gas generator according to the present disclosure, the air bag communicating with an exhaust port of the gas generator.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a conventional gas generator in the prior art.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a gas generator according to the present disclosure.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an igniter assembly according to the present disclosure.
  • the gas generator usually includes a housing that forms a closed pressure vessel space.
  • the housing is provided with a gas generating drug for generating gas and an igniter assembly for igniting the gas generating drug, so as to generate the required gas when the gas generator is working.
  • the housing is provided with an exhaust port for exhausting the gas generated during the operation of the gas generator.
  • a filter is usually provided in the housing to filter the gas before it is discharged from the gas generator.
  • the gas generator 10 includes a housing 11.
  • the housing 11 is configured to include a first housing part 111 and a second housing part 112.
  • the first housing part 111 is generally cup-shaped, and the second housing part 112 is generally lid-shaped.
  • the first housing part 111 and the second housing part 112 may be connected to each other by welding (such as laser welding or friction welding), threaded connection, snap connection and/or other suitable connection methods, thereby forming a sealed pressure vessel space.
  • the housing 11 may be configured in a cylindrical shape.
  • the housing 11 may also be configured in an approximately spherical shape, for example, in an ellipsoidal shape.
  • the housing 11 is provided with at least one exhaust port 110 for discharging the gas generated in the gas generator 10 to the outside when the gas generator 10 is working.
  • the at least one exhaust port 110 may be provided on the side of the housing 11 at a position close to the top of the housing 11.
  • the at least one exhaust port 110 may be provided on the side of the second housing part 112.
  • the housing 11 is provided with a plurality of exhaust ports 110 (two are shown in FIG. 2), and the plurality of exhaust ports 110 are configured along the second housing part.
  • the distribution in the circumferential direction of 112 is preferably uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the second housing component 112.
  • the exhaust port 110 may be configured into holes of various shapes, such as circular holes, oval holes, polygonal holes, special-shaped holes, and the like.
  • the exhaust port 110 may also be configured as at least one slit extending along the circumferential direction of the second housing part 112.
  • a sealing element may be used to seal the exhaust port 110.
  • tape or any other suitable sealing element may be used to seal the exhaust port 110.
  • the tape may be a foil tape.
  • the igniter assembly 12 is provided in the housing 11.
  • the igniter assembly 12 may include a base 121, an igniter 122 disposed on the base 121, and an ignition powder container 123 disposed on the base 121 and surrounding the igniter 122.
  • the ignition powder is contained in the ignition powder container 123.
  • One or more fire outlets 124 are provided on the side of the ignition powder container 123, so as to ignite the gas generating agent in the housing 11 through the fire outlet 124 when the ignition powder is ignited.
  • the ignition powder container 123 is configured in a cylindrical shape.
  • igniter assembly 12 may be provided in the housing 11.
  • the igniter assembly 12 may be arranged at the bottom of the second housing part 112.
  • the igniter assembly 12 is preferably arranged at the bottom center of the second housing component 112.
  • the space between the housing 11 and the igniter assembly 12 forms a charge and combustion chamber 20.
  • the gas generating agent is contained in the charge and combustion chamber 20 and can be burned therein.
  • a filter 13 is also provided in the housing 11. Unlike the filter 2 shown in FIG. 1 which is configured in a cylindrical shape and is vertically arranged around the charge and combustion chamber 4, the filter 13 according to the present disclosure is configured as a solid structure and is arranged in the igniter assembly 12 and the device. Above the medicine and combustion chamber 20.
  • the gas flow path inside the casing 11 is designed, so that the gas generated by the combustion of the charge and the gas generating agent in the combustion chamber 20 first enters the filter from the approximate center of the filter 13
  • the filter 13 then diffuses in the filter 13 toward the outer circumference of the filter 13, and after flowing out from the outer circumference of the filter 13, it is discharged through the exhaust port 110 provided in the housing 11 of the gas generator 10.
  • the gas generator 10 may include a guide element located between the igniter assembly 12 and the filter 13.
  • the guiding element is provided with a guiding port for guiding the gas generated by the combustion of the gas generating agent to a substantially central position of the filter 13.
  • the guide element is configured as a packer 125.
  • the packer 125 also has the dual functions of sealing the ignition powder container 123 and guiding the gas.
  • the packer 125 is configured in a disk shape and includes a bottom portion 1251 and a flange portion 1252 extending obliquely outward from the bottom portion 1251.
  • the bottom portion 1251 of the packer 125 may be at least partially placed in the ignition powder container 123 to seal the ignition powder container, and the flange portion 1252 of the packer 125 is located outside the ignition powder container 123.
  • the flange portion 1252 is provided with a plurality of guide ports 1253 for guiding the gas generated by the combustion of the charge and the gas generating agent in the combustion chamber 20 into the area surrounded by the flange portion 1252, and then from the filter 13 Enter the filter 13 at approximately the center position.
  • the plurality of guide ports 1253 may be evenly or unevenly arranged along the circumferential direction of the flange portion 1252 of the packer 125.
  • the size of the guide port 1253 is set to be able to confine the gas generating agent in the charge and combustion chamber 20.
  • the guide port 1253 can be configured to have any appropriate shape, such as a circle, an ellipse, a square, a polygon, a slit, and the like.
  • the packing 125 may have a structure different from that shown in FIG. 2.
  • the packer 125 may be configured as a two-section cylindrical structure, which includes a first section having a bottom wall and capable of being placed in the ignition powder container 123 to seal the ignition powder container and having the guide port and capable of being seated. The second section on top of the ignition powder container 123.
  • the packer can also be constructed in any other suitable type of structure.
  • the packer 125 shown in FIG. 2 is configured as an integral type, the packer 125 may also be configured to be assembled from two or more separate components.
  • a fairing plate 14 may be provided above the packing 125.
  • the rectifying plate 14 is provided with an opening 141, and the pressure required for the gas generating agent to burn in the charge and combustion chamber can be obtained by selecting the area of the opening 141.
  • the opening 141 may be configured to allow the gas guided by the guiding element to enter the filter 13 after being rectified through the opening.
  • the opening 141 may be located in the area surrounded by the flange portion 1252 of the packing 125.
  • the opening 141 can be configured to have any appropriate shape, such as a circle, an oval, a square, and the like.
  • the rectifying plate 14 can be welded to the first housing part 111 of the housing 11 to ensure the sealing between the charge and the combustion chamber. At the same time, the rectifying plate 14 is also used to define the boundary between the charge and the combustion chamber and to support the filter 13.
  • the gas generator 10 having the rectifying plate 14 according to the present disclosure is very different from the conventional gas generator 1 shown in FIG. 1.
  • the area of the exhaust port 6 is used to control the pressure required for the combustion of the gas generating agent, so the exhaust port 6 cannot be made too large.
  • the opening 141 of the rectifying plate 14 is used to control the pressure required for the combustion of the gas generating agent, and the exhaust port 110 no longer plays the role of controlling the pressure required for the combustion of the gas generating agent, so that The size of the exhaust port 110 can be arbitrarily set.
  • the gas generator 10 according to the present disclosure is much more friendly to the airbag of the airbag.
  • the gas generated by the combustion of the charge and the gas generating agent in the combustion chamber 20 enters the inner area of the packer 125 through the guide port 1253, and enters the filter 13 through the opening 141.
  • the inside diffuses toward the outer periphery of the filter 13 in the filter 13, and is discharged through the exhaust port 110 after flowing out from the outer periphery of the filter 13 (see FIG. 2).
  • Such a gas flow path allows the gas to flow substantially through the entire filter 13, so that the filter 13 can be fully utilized. In this way, a lighter and thinner filter can be used to achieve the desired filtering function, thereby reducing the cost of the filter while realizing the lightweight and miniaturization of the gas generator 10.
  • the packer 125 and the rectifying plate 14 are in a high-temperature combustion area, they will absorb a lot of heat, which will reduce the burden of the filter 13 and thus help to further reduce the weight of the filter 13.
  • the sealing element 142 can be used to seal the opening 141 of the rectifier plate to prevent moisture from entering the gas generator 10 and causing the ignition powder and/or gas generating powder filled in the gas generator 10 to be damp.
  • the sealing element 142 is configured to fail when the gas generator 10 is working (for example, it can be melted away or otherwise lose its sealability), so that the gas generated by the combustion of the gas generating agent can enter the filter.
  • the sealing element 142 may be configured as a sealing metal sheet, which can be melted away when the gas generator 10 is working. In one embodiment, the sealing element 142 may be configured to seal an aluminum sheet.
  • the base 121 of the igniter assembly may include a skeleton element 1211, and the igniter 122 is integrated with the skeleton element 1211 by injection molding with a plastic material, which forms an injection molded body 1212.
  • the skeleton element 1211 has a bottom and a first cylindrical portion 1213 and a second cylindrical portion 1214 extending in opposite directions from the bottom, the bottom having a central through hole.
  • the first cylindrical portion 1213 is partially filled with plastic material to form a first columnar section of the injection molded body 1212, and the central through hole is filled with plastic material to form a second columnar section of the injection molded body 1212, and the second The cylindrical portion 1214 is at least partially filled with plastic material to form the third columnar section of the injection molded body 1212.
  • a ring groove 1215 is formed between the skeleton element 1211 of the igniter assembly 12 and the first cylindrical section of the injection molded body 1212.
  • the ring groove 1215 is configured to receive a cylindrical protrusion protruding inward from the first housing part 111 of the housing 11 of the gas generator 10 so as to mount the igniter assembly 12 on the first housing part 111.
  • the first cylindrical portion 1213 has a first ring shoulder
  • the first cylindrical section of the injection molded body 1212 has a second ring shoulder
  • the first ring shoulder and the second ring shoulder together form the ring groove 1215 The bottom of the groove.
  • the first ring shoulder and the second ring shoulder are configured to be directly or indirectly supported on the cylindrical protrusion.
  • a sealing element 1216 may be provided on the bottom of the groove to achieve an airtight seal.
  • the sealing element 1216 may be an O-ring made of silicone rubber.
  • the igniter 122 may be provided in the third cylindrical section of the injection molded body 1212.
  • the lead 1222 of the igniter 122 may extend through the through hole provided in the second cylindrical section of the injection molded body 1212 to extend into the harness chamber 1217 provided in the first cylindrical section of the injection molded body 1212.
  • a plug not shown can be inserted into the harness cavity 1217 to establish an electrical connection with the lead 1222.
  • the skeleton element 1211 may be a small metal part, which may have a simple shape. This makes it possible to use the skeleton element 1211 to inject a large number of the base 121 of the igniter assembly 12.
  • the skeleton element 1211 can be manufactured by forging, cutting, or the like.
  • the base 121 is formed by injection molding on the skeleton element 1211 separated from the housing 11, which makes it possible to abolish the traditional metal base with complex shapes and need to be cut, which helps To reduce the manufacturing cost of the gas generator.
  • the igniter assembly 12 by mounting the igniter assembly 12 on the cylindrical protrusion of the first housing part 111 and arranging a sealing element in the ring groove 1215, the possible sealing problem of the igniter assembly 12 can be effectively solved.
  • the cylindrical protrusion of the first housing part 111 bears the tension on the wire harness that is electrically connected to the lead wire, which solves the problem of the existing injection-type igniter assembly.
  • the second columnar section may have insufficient tensile strength.
  • FIG. 3 shows an igniter assembly 12' according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the structure of the igniter assembly 12' is basically the same as that of the igniter assembly 12. The difference between the two is that the skeleton element 1211 of the igniter assembly 12' only has a first cylindrical portion 1213 without a second cylindrical portion 1214.
  • the assembly process of the gas generator 10 according to the present disclosure is as follows:
  • the rectifying plate 14 is installed in the first housing part 111, and they are connected to each other by welding.
  • the rectifier plate 14 can compress various parts under the rectifier plate 14, so as to avoid, for example, the fit between the base 121 of the igniter assembly 12 and the cylindrical protrusion of the first housing part 111 may loosen and cause the failure of the sealing element;
  • the second housing member 112 is press-fitted to the first housing member 111, and the first and second housing members are connected to each other (for example, by laser welding or friction welding) to form the gas generator 10.
  • the gas generator 10 according to the present disclosure is intended to be used as a passenger seat gas generator with a large charge and a thick thickness. However, the gas generator 10 according to the present disclosure may also be used as a driver's seat gas generator.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)

Abstract

一种气体发生器包括：具有排气口的壳体（11），排气口（110）设置壳体的侧部；安装在壳体内的点火器组件（12）和过滤器（13），其中，在点火器组件的周围设置有用于容纳产气药并使产气药在其中燃烧的装药与燃烧室（20），过滤器设置在点火器组件和装药与燃烧室的上方；和位于点火器组件和过滤器之间的引导元件，引导元件设置有引导口，用于将产气药燃烧所产生的气体引导至过滤器的大致中央位置，使得气体能够从所述大致中央位置进入过滤器、在过滤器内朝向过滤器的外周扩散、并在从过滤器的外周流出后经由排气口排出。该气体发生器能够使过滤器获得充分利用，从而有利于气体发生器的小型化和轻量化。此外还包括一种具有该气体发生器的用于机动车的安全气囊。

Description

气体发生器和用于机动车的安全气囊 技术领域
本公开涉及气体发生器的技术领域。更特别地，本公开涉及一种用于机动车的安全气囊的气体发生器、以及一种包括该气体发生器的安全气囊。
背景技术
气体发生器广泛地应用在安全技术领域中，比如应用在机动车的安全气囊中、或者应用在预紧式安全带中。机动车的安全气囊通常包括气体发生器以及与气体发生器连接的可膨胀的气袋。当机动车在运行中发生紧急状况，例如碰撞或翻车时，气体发生器可以被触发并且迅速产生大量的气体，气体填充到可膨胀的气袋中而使气袋膨胀，从而起到保护机动车乘员的作用。
气体发生器按气体发生方式可以分为烟火式气体发生器和混合式气体发生器。烟火式气体发生器通过将产气药点燃而产生气体，其主要被用在防止前方冲突的驾驶席和乘员席的安全气囊中。
气体发生器的轻量化和小型化是值得期望的。对于驾驶席的安全气囊来讲，由于其体积通常较小，所需要的气体发生量也较少，因此用于驾驶席的安全气囊的气体发生器的直径和厚度可以做得较小和较薄(可以小于35mm)。然而，对于乘员席的安全气囊来讲，由于其体积较大，所需要的气体发生量将较多，因此用于乘员席的安全气囊的气体发生器的直径和厚度通常都做得较大和较厚(可达55mm以上)。因此，使气体发生器进一步轻量化和小型化对于用于乘员席的安全气囊的气体发生器来说尤其有利。
发明人注意到，在传统气体发生器中，过滤器未得到充分地利用，这既导致了过滤器的材料和功能两方面的浪费，又阻碍了气体发生器的小型化和轻量化。具体地，如图1所示，在传统气体发生器1中，过滤器2通常被构造成圆筒状并竖直地布置在装药与燃烧室4周围。气体发生器产生的气体首先经过该过滤器2，然后通过排气口6排出。因此，气体具有向排气口6汇聚的倾向(如箭头所示)。由于排气口6设置在靠近气体发生器的顶部的位置，使得气体通常汇聚于气体发生器的顶部附近而导致过滤器的靠近气体发生器底部的部分未获得充分利用。
因此，传统气体发生器存在着改进的空间。
发明内容
在本公开的第一方面，提供了一种气体发生器。所述气体发生器可以包括：壳体，所述壳体具有排气口，所述排气口设置于所述壳体的侧部；安装在所述壳体内的点火器组件和过滤器，其中，在所述点火器组件的周围设置有用于容纳产气药并使所述产气药在其中燃烧的装药与燃烧室，所述过滤器设置在所述点火器组件和所述装药与燃烧室的上方；和位于所述点火器组件和所述过滤器之间的引导元件，所述引导元件设置有引导口，用于将所述产气药燃烧所产生的气体引导至所述过滤器的大致中央位置，从而使得所述气体能够从所述大致中央位置进入所述过滤器、在所述过滤器内朝向所述过滤器的外周扩散、并在从所述过滤器的外周流出后经由所述排气口排出。
根据本公开的实施例，所述气体发生器还可以包括设置于所述引导元件上方的整流板。所述整流板可以设置有开口，选择所述整流板的开口的面积来获得产气药在装药与燃烧室中燃烧所需要的压力。
根据本公开的实施例，所述整流板还用于形成装药与燃烧室的上方边界，并且所述产气药燃烧所产生的气体能够通过所述整流板的开口进入所述过滤器内。
根据本公开的实施例，所述引导元件可以构造成封隔件，所述封隔件可以构造成包括能够密封所述点火器组件的点火药容器的第一部分和设置有所述引导口以用于引导所述气体的第二部分。
根据本公开的实施例，所述引导元件可以构造成封隔件，所述封隔件可以构造成盘状并且包括底部部分和从所述底部部分向外倾斜延伸的凸缘部分，其中，所述底部部分用于密封所述点火器组件的点火药容器，所述凸缘部分设置有所述引导口以用于引导所述气体。
根据本公开的实施例，所述引导元件可以包括多个引导口。
根据本公开的实施例，所述引导口的形状构造成圆形、椭圆形、方形、多边形、或狭缝。
根据本公开的实施例，所述引导口的大小可以被设计成能够将所述产气药限定在所述装药与燃烧室内。
根据本公开的实施例，所述整流板的开口可以被密封元件所密封，所述密封元件构造成在所述气体发生器工作时能够失效。
根据本公开的实施例，所述密封元件构造成在所述气体发生器工作时能够被熔化掉。
根据本公开的实施例，所述密封元件可以为密封金属片。
根据本公开的实施例，所述密封元件可以为密封铝片。
根据本公开的实施例，所述点火器组件可以包括底座和点火器，所述底座包括骨架元件，所述点火器通过用塑料材料注塑而与骨架元件形成一体，所述塑料材料形成注塑体，所述底座设置有环槽，所述环槽构造成用于接纳从气体发生器的壳体朝内伸出的筒状突起。
根据本公开的实施例，所述环槽可以在外侧由所述骨架元件限定而在内侧由所述注塑体限定。
根据本公开的实施例，所述环槽可以构造成与所述筒状突起形成密封连接结构。
根据本公开的实施例，所述密封连接结构可以通过设置在环槽中的密封圈实现。
根据本公开的实施例，所述骨架元件可以具有底部和第一筒状部分，所述第一筒状部分具有第一环肩，所述注塑体具有第二环肩，所述第一环肩和第二环肩共同地形成所述环槽的槽底，并且所述第一环肩和第二环肩构造成用于直接地或间接地支撑在所述筒状突起上。
根据本公开的实施例，所述骨架元件可以由金属制成。
根据本公开的实施例，所述壳体可以包括第一壳体部件和第二壳体部件，所述第一壳体部件构造成杯状部件，所述第二壳体部件构造成盖状部件。
根据本公开的实施例，所述排气口可以设置在所述第二壳体部件的侧部。
根据本公开的实施例，所述第一壳体部件和所述第二壳体部件可以通过激光焊接或摩擦焊接连接。
在本公开的第二方面，提供了一种用于机动车的安全气囊。所述安全气囊可以包括能够被充气的气袋以及根据本公开的气体发生器，所述气袋与所述气体发生器的排气口连通。
附图说明
结合附图，参照下面对本公开的具体实施方式的详细描述，本公开的上面提到的特征和优点、以及实现它们的方式将会变得更加显而易见。在附图中：
图1是现有技术中的传统气体发生器的示意性剖视图。
图2是根据本公开的气体发生器的一个实施例的示意性剖视图。
图3是根据本公开的点火器组件的一个实施例的示意性剖视图。
具体实施方式
以下将参照附图描述本公开，其中的附图示出了本公开的若干实施例。然而应当理解的是，本公开可以以多种不同的方式呈现出来，并不局限于下文描述的实施例；事实上，下文描述的实施例旨在使本公开的公开更为完整，并向本领域技术人员充分说明本公开的保护范围。还应当理解的是，本文公开的实施例能够以各种方式进行组合，从而提供更多额外的实施例。
应当理解，说明书中的用辞仅用于描述特定的实施例，并不旨在限定本公开。说明书使用的所有术语(包括技术术语和科学术语)除非另外定义，均具有本领域技术人员通常理解的含义。为简明和/或清楚起见，公知的功能或结构可以不再详细说明。说明书使用的单数形式“一”、“所述”和“该”除非清楚指明，均包含复数形式。说明书使用的用辞“包括”、“包含”和“含有”表示存在所声称的特征，但并不排斥存在一个或多个其它特征。
在说明书中，诸如“上”、“下”、“顶部”、底部”、“前”、“后”、“竖直”、“水平”等空间关系用辞可以说明一个特征与另一特征在附图中的关系。应当理解的是，空间关系用辞除了包含附图所示的方位之外，还包含装置在使用或操作中的不同方位。例如，在附图中的装置倒转时，原先描述为在其它特征“下方”的特征，此时可以描述为在其它特征的“上方”。装置还可以以其它方式定向(旋转90度或在其它方位)，此时将相应地解释相对空间关系。
气体发生器通常包括壳体，所述壳体形成密闭的压力容器空间。壳体内设置有用于产生气体的产气药和用于点燃所述产气药的点火器组件，以便在气体发生器工作时产生所需要的气体。壳体上设置有排气口，用于将气体发生器工作时所产生的气体排放出去。壳体内通常还设置有过滤器，以便在将气体从气体发生器排放出去之前对其进行过滤。
参照图2来具体描述根据本公开的气体发生器的一个实施例，其整体上用附图标记10表示。气体发生器10包括壳体11。壳体11构造成包括第一壳体部件111和第二壳体部件112。第一壳体部件111大体呈杯状，而第二壳体部件112大体呈盖状。第一壳体部件111第二壳体部件112可以通过焊接(比如激光焊接或摩擦焊接)、螺纹连接、卡扣连接和/或其他适当的连接方式相互连接，从而形成密闭的压力容器空间。壳体11可以构造呈圆筒状。壳体11也可以构造成近似球状，比如构造成椭球状等。
壳体11设置有至少一个排气口110，用于在气体发生器10工作时将气体发生器 10内所产生的气体向外部排放。所述至少一个排气口110可以在靠近壳体11的顶部的位置处设置于壳体11的侧部。比如，所述至少一个排气口110可以设置在所述第二壳体部件112的侧部。在如图2所示的实施例中，壳体11设置有多个排气口110(图2中示出了两个)，所述多个排气口110构造成沿着第二壳体部件112的周向方向分布，优选地，沿着第二壳体部件112的周向方向均匀分布。
排气口110可以构造成各种形状的孔，比如圆形孔、椭圆形孔、多边形孔、异形孔等。排气口110也可以构造成至少一个狭缝，所述狭缝沿着第二壳体部112件的周向方向延伸。为了保证壳体的压力容器空间的密闭性，在初始非工作状态下，可以利用密封元件密封排气口110。比如，可以利用胶带或其它任何适当的密封元件来密封排气口110。所述胶带可是金属薄片胶带。
壳体11中设置有点火器组件12。点火器组件12可以包括底座121、设置于底座121上的点火器122、以及设置于底座121上并包围所述点火器122的点火药容器123。点火药容纳在点火药容器123中。点火药容器123的侧部设置有一个或多个出火口124，以便在点火药被点燃时经由所述出火口124引燃壳体11内的产气药。在图2所示的实施例中，点火药容器123构造成圆筒状。
尽管在图2所示的实施中，壳体11中只设置有一个点火器组件12，但是需要注意的是，可以在壳体11中设置两个或更多个点火器组件12。点火器组件12可以布置在第二壳体部件112的底部。当壳体11中只设置有一个点火器组件12时，点火器组件12优选地布置在第二壳体部件112的底部中央。
在壳体11和点火器组件12之间的空间形成装药与燃烧室20。产气药容纳在装药与燃烧室20中并且可以在其中燃烧。
壳体11内还设置有过滤器13。与图1所示的构造成圆筒状并竖直地布置在装药与燃烧室4周围的过滤器2不同，根据本公开的过滤器13构造成实心结构并且布置在点火器组件12以及装药与燃烧室20上方。
根据本公开的气体发生器10对壳体11内部的气体流动路径进行了设计，使得由装药与燃烧室20内的产气药燃烧所产生的气体首先从过滤器13的大致中央位置进入过滤器13、然后在过滤器13内朝向过滤器13的外周方向扩散、并在从过滤器13的外周流出后经由设置于于气体发生器10的壳体11上的排气口110排出。
为实现上述目的，气体发生器10可以包括位于点火器组件12和过滤器13之间的引导元件。引导元件设置有引导口，用于将产气药燃烧所产生的气体引导至过滤器 13的大致中央位置。
在图2所示的实施例中，引导元件构造成封隔件125。封隔件125同时具备密封点火药容器123以及对气体进行引导的双重功能。具体地，封隔件125构造成盘状并包括底部部分1251和从底部部分1251向外倾斜延伸的凸缘部分1252。封隔件125的底部部分1251可以至少部分地放置于点火药容器123中以密封点火药容器，而封隔件125的凸缘部分1252位于点火药容器123的外部。凸缘部分1252上设置有多个引导口1253，用于将由装药与燃烧室20内的产气药燃烧所产生的气体引导入凸缘部分1252所包围的区域内，并进而从过滤器13的大致中央位置进入过滤器13内。所述多个引导口1253可以沿着封隔件125的凸缘部分1252的周向方向均匀或不均匀地布置。
引导口1253的大小设置成能够将产气药限制在装药与燃烧室20中。引导口1253可以构造成具有任意适当的形状，比如圆形、椭圆形、方形、多边形、狭缝等。
值得注意的是，封隔件125可以具有不同于图2所示的结构。比如，封隔件125可以构造成两段式圆筒形结构，其包括具有底壁并能够放置于点火药容器123中以密封点火药容器的第一段和具有所述引导口并能够坐置在点火药容器123的顶部上的第二段。封隔件还可以构造成任何其它适当类型的结构。另外，虽然图2所示的封隔件125构造为一体式的，但是封隔件125也可以构造成由两个或多个单独的部件组装而成。
可以在封隔件125上方设置整流板14。整流板14设置有开口141，可以通过选择开口141的面积来获得产气药在装药与燃烧室中燃烧所需要的压力。
开口141可以构造成使被引导元件引导的气体能够经由该开口进行整流后进入过滤器13内。比如，开口141可以处于封隔件125的凸缘部分1252所包围的区域内。开口141可以构造成具有任意适当的形状，比如圆形、椭圆形、方形等。整流板14可以焊接在壳体11的第一壳体部件111上，以保证装药与燃烧室的密封性。同时，整流板14还用于界定装药与燃烧室的边界以及支撑过滤器13。
根据本公开的具有整流板14的气体发生器10与图1所示的传统的气体发生器1具有很大不同。在传统的气体发生器1中，利用排气口6的面积来控制产气药燃烧所需要的压力，因此排气口6不能做得太大。而在根据本公开的气体发生器10中，通过整流板14的开口141来控制产气药燃烧所需要的压力，排气口110不再起控制产气药燃烧所需要的压力的作用，从而使得能够任意设置排气口110的大小。当把排气口110的面积设置得足够大时，从排气口110排出的高温气流会很分散，这会大大降低 对安全气囊的气袋(比如尼龙气袋)的损伤。因此，与传统的气体发生器相比，根据本公开的气体发生器10对安全气囊的气袋要友好得多。
借助于上述结构，在气体发生器10工作时，由装药与燃烧室20内的产气药燃烧所产生的气体经由引导口1253进入封隔件125的内部区域、经由开口141进入过滤器13内、在过滤器13内朝向过滤器13的外周方向扩散、并在从过滤器13的外周流出后经由排气口110排出(见图2所示)。这样的气体流动路径使得气体基本上流过整个过滤器13，从而使得过滤器13能够获得充分利用。这样，采用较轻和较薄的过滤器就能够实现期望的过滤功能，从而在降低了过滤器成本的同时实现了气体发生器10的轻量化和小型化。
另外，由于封隔件125和整流板14处于高温燃烧区域，其将吸收很多热量，这会降低过滤器13的负担，从而有助于进一步减小过滤器13的重量。
在初始非工作状态下，可以利用密封元件142密封整流板的开口141，以防止湿气进入气体发生器10内而使装填在气体发生器10内的点火药和/或产气药受潮。密封元件142构造成在气体发生器10工作时能够失效(比如，能够被熔化掉或以其它方式失去密封性)，以使得产气药燃烧所产生的气体能够进入过滤器。密封元件142可以构造成密封金属片，密封金属片在气体发生器10工作时能够被熔化掉。在一个实施例中，密封元件142可以构造成密封铝片。
接下来，参照图2更加详细地描述根据本公开的气体发生器10的点火器组件12的一个实施例。在该实施例中，点火器组件的底座121可以包括骨架元件1211，点火器122通过用塑料材料注塑而与骨架元件1211形成一体，所述塑料材料形成注塑体1212。骨架元件1211具有底部和从底部向相反方向延伸的第一筒状部分1213和第二筒状部分1214，所述底部具有中央通孔。所述第一筒状部分1213被塑料材料部分地填充以形成注塑体1212的第一柱状区段，所述中央通孔被塑料材料填充以形成注塑体1212的第二柱状区段，所述第二筒状部分1214被塑料材料至少部分地填充以形成注塑体1212的第三柱状区段。
在点火器组件12的骨架元件1211和注塑体1212的第一柱状区段之间形成环槽1215。环槽1215构造成用于接纳从气体发生器10的壳体11的第一壳体部分111朝内伸出的筒状突起，以便将点火器组件12安装在第一壳体部分111上。所述第一筒状部分1213具有第一环肩，所述注塑体1212的第一柱状区段具有第二环肩，所述第一环肩和第二环肩共同地形成所述环槽1215的槽底。所述第一环肩和第二环肩构造成用 于直接地或间接地被支撑在所述筒状突起上。可以在所述槽底上设置密封元件1216以实现气密密封。密封元件1216可以是由硅橡胶制成的O形密封圈。
点火器122可以设置在注塑体1212的第三柱状区段中。点火器122的引线1222可以穿过设置于注塑体1212的第二柱状区段中的通孔延伸到设置于注塑体1212的第一柱状区段内的线束腔室1217中。例如未示出的插头可以插入到该线束腔室1217中，以便与引线1222建立电连接。
骨架元件1211可以是小的金属部件，其可以具有简单的形状。这使得利用骨架元件1211来大量注塑成型点火器组件12的底座121成为可能。骨架元件1211可以通过锻造或切削加工等来制造。
在根据本公开的点火器组件12中，通过在与壳体11相分离的骨架元件1211上进行注塑成型而形成底座121，使得能够废除传统的形状复杂、需要经过切削加工的金属底座，有助于降低气体发生器的制造成本。另外，通过将点火器组件12安装在第一壳体部分111的筒状突起上，并通过在环槽1215中设置密封元件，能够有效地解决点火器组件12可能出现的密封不良问题。再者，在根据本公开的点火器组件12中，由第一壳体部分111的筒状突起承受了由与引线进行电连接的线束上的拉力，解决了现有的注塑式点火器组件的第二柱状区段可能出现的抗拉强度不足的问题。
图3示出了根据本公开的另一实施例的点火器组件12’。点火器组件12’的结构与点火器组件12基本相同，二者的区别在于点火器组件12’的骨架元件1211只具有第一筒状部分1213而不具有第二筒状部分1214。
根据本公开的气体发生器10的装配过程如下：
提供第一壳体部件111；
借助于环槽1215将点火器组件12的底座121安装在第一壳体部件111的筒状突起上，比如压装在所述筒状突起上；
将点火药容器123的一端安装在点火器组件12的底座121上，比如压装在底座121的骨架元件1211底部上；
在点火药容器123内装填点火药；
将封隔件125安装到点火药容器123的另一端，比如，将封隔件125的底部部分1251压装到点火药容器123的内部；
在装药与燃烧室20内装填产气药；
将整流板14安装到第一壳体部件111内，并用焊接的方法使它们相互连接。整流 板14可以压紧整流板14下方的各个零部件，以避免比如点火器组件12的底座121和第一壳体部件111的筒状突起之间的配合可能发生松动而造成密封元件的失效；
将过滤器13安装在整流板14上方；
将第二壳体部件112压装到第一壳体部件111上，并且将第一和第二壳体部件相互连接(例如采用激光焊接或摩擦焊接等)而形成气体发生器10。
根据本公开的气体发生器10旨在用作装药量较大、厚度较厚的乘员席气体发生器。然而，根据本公开的气体发生器10也可以用作驾驶席气体发生器。
虽然已经描述了本公开的示例性实施例，但是本领域技术人员应当理解的是，在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的情况下能够对本公开的示例性实施例进行多种变化和改变。因此，所有变化和改变均包含在由本公开的权利要求所限定的保护范围内。

Claims (22)

  1. 一种气体发生器，其特征在于，所述气体发生器包括：
    壳体，所述壳体具有排气口，所述排气口设置于所述壳体的侧部；
    安装在所述壳体内的点火器组件和过滤器，其中，在所述点火器组件的周围设置有用于容纳产气药并使所述产气药在其中燃烧的装药与燃烧室，所述过滤器设置在所述点火器组件和所述装药与燃烧室的上方；和
    位于所述点火器组件和所述过滤器之间的引导元件，所述引导元件设置有引导口，用于将所述产气药燃烧所产生的气体引导至所述过滤器的大致中央位置，从而使得所述气体能够从所述大致中央位置进入所述过滤器、在所述过滤器内朝向所述过滤器的外周扩散、并在从所述过滤器的外周流出后经由所述排气口排出。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的气体发生器，其特征在于，所述气体发生器还包括设置于所述引导元件上方的整流板，所述整流板设置有开口，选择所述整流板的开口的面积来获得产气药在装药与燃烧室中燃烧所需要的压力。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的气体发生器，其特征在于，所述整流板还用于形成所述装药与燃烧室的上方边界，并且所述产气药燃烧所产生的气体能够通过所述整流板的开口进入所述过滤器内。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的气体发生器，其特征在于，所述引导元件构造成封隔件，所述封隔件构造成包括能够密封所述点火器组件的点火药容器的第一部分和设置有所述引导口以用于引导所述气体的第二部分。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的气体发生器，其特征在于，所述引导元件构造成封隔件，所述封隔件构造成盘状并且包括底部部分和从所述底部部分向外倾斜延伸的凸缘部分，其中，所述底部部分用于密封所述点火器组件的点火药容器，所述凸缘部分设置有所述引导口以用于引导所述气体。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的气体发生器，其特征在于，所述引导元件包括多个引导口。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的气体发生器，其特征在于，所述引导口的形状构造成圆形、椭圆形、方形、多边形、或狭缝。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的气体发生器，其特征在于，所述引导口的大小被设计成能够将所述产气药限定在所述装药与燃烧室内。
  9. 根据权利要求2所述的气体发生器，其特征在于，所述整流板的开口被密封元件所密封，所述密封元件构造成在所述气体发生器工作时能够失效。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的气体发生器，其特征在于，所述密封元件构造成在所述气体发生器工作时能够被熔化掉。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的气体发生器，其特征在于，所述密封元件为密封金属片。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的气体发生器，其特征在于，所述密封元件为密封铝片。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的气体发生器，其特征在于，所述点火器组件包括底座和点火器，所述底座包括骨架元件，所述点火器通过用塑料材料注塑而与骨架元件形成一体，所述塑料材料形成注塑体，所述底座设置有环槽，所述环槽构造成用于接纳从气体发生器的壳体朝内伸出的筒状突起。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的气体发生器，其特征在于，所述环槽在外侧由所述骨架元件限定而在内侧由所述注塑体限定。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的气体发生器，其特征在于，所述环槽构造成与所述筒状突起形成密封连接结构。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的气体发生器，其特征在于，所述密封连接结构通过设置在环槽中的密封圈实现。
  17. 根据权利要求13所述的气体发生器，其特征在于，所述骨架元件具有底部和第一筒状部分，所述第一筒状部分具有第一环肩，所述注塑体具有第二环肩，所述第一环肩和第二环肩共同地形成所述环槽的槽底，并且所述第一环肩和第二环肩构造成用于直接地或间接地支撑在所述筒状突起上。
  18. 根据权利要求13所述的气体发生器，其特征在于，所述骨架元件由金属制成。
  19. 根据权利要求1至18中的任意一项所述的气体发生器，其特征在于，所述壳体包括第一壳体部件和第二壳体部件，所述第一壳体部件构造成杯状部件，所述第二壳体部件构造成盖状部件。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的气体发生器，其特征在于，所述排气口设置在所述第二壳体部件的侧部。
  21. 根据权利要求19所述的气体发生器，其特征在于，所述第一壳体部件和所 述第二壳体部件通过激光焊接或摩擦焊接连接。
  22. 一种用于机动车的安全气囊，所述安全气囊包括能够被充气的气袋，其特征在于，所述安全气囊包括根据权利要求1至21中的任意一项所述的气体发生器，所述气袋与所述气体发生器的排气口连通。
PCT/CN2020/082771 2019-06-25 2020-04-01 气体发生器和用于机动车的安全气囊 WO2020258966A1 (zh)

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