WO2020252802A1 - 单体电池、动力电池包和车辆 - Google Patents

单体电池、动力电池包和车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020252802A1
WO2020252802A1 PCT/CN2019/092731 CN2019092731W WO2020252802A1 WO 2020252802 A1 WO2020252802 A1 WO 2020252802A1 CN 2019092731 W CN2019092731 W CN 2019092731W WO 2020252802 A1 WO2020252802 A1 WO 2020252802A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrode terminal
positive
negative
tab
inner connecting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2019/092731
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
何科峰
江文锋
王信月
温爱鹏
朱燕
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BYD Co Ltd
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BYD Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BYD Co Ltd filed Critical BYD Co Ltd
Publication of WO2020252802A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020252802A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0413—Large-sized flat cells or batteries for motive or stationary systems with plate-like electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0585—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/54—Connection of several leads or tabs of plate-like electrode stacks, e.g. electrode pole straps or bridges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of vehicle manufacturing, in particular to a single battery, a power battery pack having the single battery, and a vehicle having the power battery pack.
  • one purpose of the present application is to propose a single battery designed with a plurality of current-derived tabs to make the current collecting path of the current collector multi-directional, so that the average current collecting path inside the battery is shortened, Reducing the internal resistance of the battery greatly improves the high-current charging and discharging performance and safety performance of the battery.
  • the single battery according to the embodiment of the present application includes: a shell and a pole core located in the shell; the shell has a plurality of surfaces, and at least two of the surfaces are provided with electrical connections with the pole core
  • the electrode terminal for drawing current is extended out of the casing, and the electrode terminal on each surface includes a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal; a positive electrode inner connecting piece and a negative electrode inner connecting piece, the positive electrode
  • the two ends of the connecting piece are respectively connected to the positive electrode terminals on the two faces, the two ends of the negative electrode inner connecting piece are respectively connected to the negative electrode terminals on the two faces, and the positive electrode inner connecting piece and
  • the surface of the inner connecting piece of the negative electrode is provided with an insulating layer.
  • two electrode terminals with different polarities are provided on both sides of the single battery, and the electrode terminals with the same polarity on the two sides are connected by the inner connecting piece, which greatly reduces The internal resistance of the battery enhances the overcurrent efficiency and improves the practical performance of the single battery, which is beneficial to expand the scope of application.
  • This application also proposes a power battery pack.
  • a power battery pack includes: a battery pack housing; a plurality of single batteries according to any one of the above embodiments, the single batteries being installed in the battery pack housing.
  • This application proposes another vehicle.
  • the vehicle according to the embodiment of the present application is provided with the power battery pack described in any of the above embodiments.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a single battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pole core of a single battery according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a power battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Pole core 1 positive and negative electrode sheet 11, positive electrode sheet 111, negative electrode sheet 112, positive electrode tab 113, negative electrode tab 114, separator 115, first positive electrode terminal 21, first negative electrode terminal 22, second positive electrode terminal 23, the third negative electrode terminal 24, the positive inner connecting piece 25, the negative inner connecting piece 26,
  • the following describes a single battery 100 according to an embodiment of the present application with reference to FIGS. 1-3.
  • the single battery 100 has two electrode terminals on both sides, and two electrode terminals with the same polarity on both sides They are all connected by internal connecting pieces, thereby reducing the internal resistance of the single battery and improving the overcurrent capability.
  • the single battery 100 includes: a casing (not shown in the figure), a pole core 1, a positive electrode inner connecting piece 25 and a negative electrode inner connecting piece 26.
  • the pole core 1 is located in the shell, the shell has multiple faces, and at least two of the multiple faces are provided with electrode terminals, the electrode terminals are electrically connected to the pole core 1, and the electrode terminals extend out of the shell for drawing out The current facilitates the charging and discharging of the single battery 100 to the outside.
  • the housing includes at least four electrode terminals, and all four electrode terminals can be used for current conduction.
  • the electrode terminals can also be provided on two adjacent surfaces of the housing, for example, both the left side and the front side of the housing are provided with electrode terminals, or the right side and the rear side of the housing are both provided with electrode terminals , It can also realize the function of conducting pole core 1 with external current.
  • the electrode terminal can be columnar or sheet-shaped, which can be selected according to actual installation requirements.
  • the pole core 1 can be connected to the external current through multiple pairs of electrode terminals, so as to shorten the path of the single battery 100 and the external current conduction, increase the overcurrent, reduce the impedance, and prevent the single
  • the structural size of the body battery 100 meets the design range of the application, the internal resistance is too large, which improves the rationality of the design of the single battery 100 and improves the practicability.
  • connection state of multiple pairs of electrode terminals can be flexibly selected.
  • the multiple pairs of electrode terminals and the pole core 1 are connected to form multiple current flow paths, and the current can be selectively drawn from one side of the electrode terminal , Instead of having to flow through the current collecting path of the entire battery pole piece, to shorten the path of current extraction.
  • part of the current flow path can be conducted at the same time or separately, which can be selected according to the actual power consumption state, which is more flexible good.
  • the four electrode terminals are all current conducting, the conduction of dual flow paths or multiple flow paths can be realized, which can greatly reduce the internal resistance of the single battery 100 and improve the overcurrent capability of the single battery 100, compared with single-in and single-out ,
  • the charging and discharging efficiency of the single battery 100 of the present application is higher, which is more conducive to saving the user's charging and discharging time, and has better practicability.
  • the electrode terminals on each side include a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal.
  • the two ends of the positive electrode inner connecting piece 25 are respectively connected to the positive electrode terminals on the two sides, and both ends of the negative electrode inner connecting piece 26 Connect to the negative electrode terminals on both sides respectively.
  • the internal resistance of the single battery 100 is greatly reduced, and the single battery 100
  • the large internal resistance of the internal current collector is converted to the small internal resistance of the internal connecting piece, which effectively improves the overcurrent capability of the single battery 100 and improves the performance of the single battery 100 and the entire battery pack.
  • the positive electrode inner connecting piece 25 and the negative electrode inner connecting piece 26 are both provided with an insulating layer.
  • the insulating layer can prevent the positive electrode inner connecting piece 25 and the negative electrode inner connecting piece 26 from directly contacting, and at the same time avoiding the positive electrode inner connecting piece 25 and the negative electrode inner connecting piece.
  • the sheet 26 is in contact with other conductive components to prevent the internal short circuit of the single battery 100.
  • the insulating layer may be made of rubber material, thereby improving the safety of the single battery 100.
  • the single battery 100 of the embodiment of the present application two electrode terminals with different polarities are provided on both surfaces of the single battery 100, and the electrode terminals with the same polarity on the two surfaces are connected by an inner connecting piece.
  • the internal resistance of the battery is greatly reduced, the overcurrent efficiency is enhanced, and the practical performance of the single battery 100 is improved, which is beneficial to expand the scope of application.
  • the housing has a first end surface and a second end surface, the first end surface and the second end surface are arranged directly opposite, at least two electrode terminals are provided on the first end surface, and at least two electrodes are provided on the second end surface.
  • the first end surface of the casing is provided with two electrode terminals
  • the second end surface of the casing is provided with two electrode terminals. Among them, part of the electrode terminals on the same surface are used for electrical connection with a load or a battery, so as to draw the electric energy of the single battery 100 for external use.
  • a first positive electrode terminal 21 and a first negative electrode terminal 22 are provided on the first end surface, and a second positive electrode terminal 23 and a second negative electrode terminal 24 are provided on the second end surface.
  • the second end of the positive inner connecting piece 25 is connected to the second positive electrode terminal 23, the first end of the negative inner connecting piece 26 is connected to the first negative electrode terminal 22, and the negative inner connecting piece 26 is connected to the first positive electrode terminal.
  • the second end of is connected to the second negative electrode terminal 24.
  • the pole core 1 is provided with tabs, and the electrode terminals are electrically connected to the pole core through the tabs, so that the electric energy in the pole core can be drawn out from the electrode terminals through the tabs.
  • the pole core 1 has a first end and a second end, a plurality of first tabs extend from the first end, a plurality of first tabs form a first tab group, and a plurality of second tabs extend from the second end.
  • a pole ear, a plurality of second pole ears form a second pole ear group
  • the first end of the pole core 1 is formed with a first electrode group
  • the second end of the pole core 1 is formed with a second electrode group
  • the first The electrode terminal on the end face is electrically connected with the first tab
  • the electrode terminal on the second end face is electrically connected with the second tab.
  • each surface is provided with a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal.
  • the first end of the pole core 1 extends from a plurality of first tabs, and the plurality of first tabs form at least two sets of first poles. Ear group.
  • the first tab group includes a positive tab group and a negative tab group
  • the second tab group includes a positive tab group and a negative electrode.
  • a tab group, and the positive tab group is connected with the positive electrode terminal, and the negative tab group is connected with the negative electrode terminal.
  • the positive electrode terminal on the first end surface is connected to the positive electrode tab group in the first tab group
  • the negative electrode terminal on the first end surface is connected to the negative electrode tab group in the first tab group
  • the positive electrode on the second end surface The electrode terminal is connected with the positive electrode tab group in the first tab group
  • the negative electrode terminal on the second end surface is connected with the negative electrode tab group in the first tab group.
  • a first positive electrode terminal 21 and a first negative electrode terminal 22 are provided on the first end surface, and a second positive electrode terminal 23 and a second negative electrode terminal 24 are provided on the second end surface.
  • the electrode terminal 21 is connected to the positive electrode tab group at the first end of the pole core 1
  • the first negative electrode terminal 22 on the first end surface is connected to the negative electrode tab group at the first end of the pole core 1.
  • the second positive electrode terminal 23 on the second end surface is connected to the positive electrode tab group at the second end of the pole core 1
  • the second negative electrode terminal 24 on the second end surface is connected to the negative electrode tab group at the second end of the pole core 1.
  • the single cell 100 includes a casing, a pole core 1, a positive electrode inner connecting piece 25, and a negative electrode inner connecting piece 26.
  • the shell has a containing cavity
  • the shell is used to install the internal electric storage components
  • both ends of the shell have end plates
  • the end plates are used to close the two ends of the shell, so as to seal the inside of the containing cavity, thereby ensuring the shell
  • the working state and working environment of the electric storage element in the body are stable, which ensures that the single battery 100 has a good running state.
  • the end plate is provided with electrode terminals for electrical connection with the outside, the end plate includes a first end plate and a second end plate respectively arranged at both ends of the housing, and the storage element is located between the first end plate and the second end plate, The two ends of the storage element are respectively electrically connected to the electrode terminals on the first end plate and the second end plate. In this way, it is convenient for the electric storage element to realize charging and discharging through the electrode terminals on the first end plate and the second end plate.
  • each end plate is provided with at least two electrode terminals, that is, both end plates of the casing are provided with at least two electrode terminals, so that both ends of the single battery 100 are provided with There are at least two electrode terminals, and the two electrode terminals are arranged spaced apart.
  • the electrode terminal penetrates through the end plate, that is, the two ends of the electrode terminal are respectively located on both sides of the end plate, wherein the first end of the electrode terminal is located in the housing, so that the first end of the electrode terminal and the accommodating cavity
  • the electric storage element is electrically connected, and the second end of the electrode terminal is located outside the housing.
  • the second end of the electrode terminal is used to electrically connect with an external device, so that the electric energy in the single battery 100 can be output to an external device.
  • the second end of the electrode terminal is connected to the adjacent single battery 100 to connect the multiple single batteries 100 in series, so that the multiple single batteries 100 can be charged and discharged at the same time, thereby improving the use efficiency of the battery pack.
  • the first end plate is provided with a first positive electrode terminal 21 and a first negative electrode terminal 22, the first positive electrode terminal 21 and the first negative electrode terminal 22 penetrate the first end plate, and the second end plate is provided with a second positive electrode terminal.
  • the power storage element can be electrically connected to the outside through a pair of positive and negative electrode terminals, or simultaneously electrically connected to the outside through two pairs of positive and negative electrode terminals.
  • the single battery 100 is designed with four electrode terminals, which can reduce the size of a single electrode terminal, reduce the difficulty of sealing and manufacturing a single electrode terminal, and at the same time improve the overcurrent capability, which can improve the safety and stability of the single battery 100. , And the single battery 100 can be led out in both directions, which greatly reduces the internal resistance of the battery and enhances the overcurrent efficiency.
  • the pole core 1 is housed in the shell, and the pole core 1 is used as an electric storage element in the shell for charging and discharging to the outside. It should be noted that the pole core 1 is formed by stacking a plurality of pole pieces.
  • the plurality of pole pieces include a positive electrode 111 and a negative electrode 112.
  • the positive electrode 111 and the negative electrode 112 are staggered, and the positive electrode 111 and the negative electrode
  • a separator 115 is arranged between the sheets 112, and the area of the separator 115 is larger than the area of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet, so that the positive electrode sheet 111 and the negative electrode sheet 112 do not interfere with each other, and the safety performance of the electrode core 1 is enhanced.
  • Both ends of the pole core 1 are provided with a positive pole tab 113 and a negative pole tab 114, that is, the tab includes a positive pole tab 113 and a negative pole tab 114.
  • the positive pole tab 113 is connected to the corresponding positive electrode terminal
  • the negative pole tab 114 is connected to The corresponding negative electrode terminal is connected, wherein one end of the electrode terminal extending into the end plate is electrically connected to the corresponding tab.
  • one end of the pole core 1 is electrically connected to the positive electrode terminal through the positive pole lug 113, and the other end of the pole core 1 is electrically connected to the negative electrode terminal through the negative pole lug 114, thereby making the pole core 1 and the external circuit current Conduction.
  • the pole core 1, the tabs and the electrode terminals all have a large overcurrent area, so that the single battery 100 has excellent charging and discharging capabilities, thereby improving the power output efficiency to external electrical equipment, and at the same time enhancing its own charging efficiency. Save the charge and discharge time required by the user, reduce the time cost, and facilitate the user to use.
  • the tabs and cores 1 have larger contact surfaces.
  • the tabs and electrode terminals When the electrode terminals, tabs and cores 1 are installed and matched, the tabs and electrode terminals have a larger contact area.
  • the core 1 has a larger contact area, so that the overcurrent efficiency between the electrode terminal, the tab and the core 1 is improved.
  • the tab, the core 1 and the electrode terminal are easy to install and fix, and can be long-term Maintain a stable contact state, improve assembly efficiency while prolonging the service life, reduce the design accuracy and process difficulty of the single cell 100, and increase the flow capacity.
  • the positive internal connection piece 25 is connected to both the first positive electrode terminal 21 and the second positive electrode terminal 23, that is, the positive internal connection piece can pass between the first positive electrode terminal 21 and the second positive electrode terminal 23.
  • the negative internal connecting piece 26 is connected to both the first negative electrode terminal 22 and the second negative electrode terminal 24, that is, the first negative electrode terminal 22 and the second negative electrode terminal 24 can be realized through the negative internal connecting piece 26 Increase the overcurrent capability of the single battery 100.
  • the positive electrode inner connecting piece 25 and the negative electrode inner connecting piece 26 are both provided with an insulating layer.
  • the insulating layer can prevent the positive electrode inner connecting piece 25 and the negative electrode inner connecting piece 26 from directly contacting, and at the same time avoiding the positive electrode inner connecting piece 25 and the negative electrode inner connecting piece.
  • the sheet 26 is in contact with other conductive components to prevent the internal short circuit of the single battery 100.
  • the insulating layer can be made of rubber material, thereby improving the safety of the single battery 100.
  • the positive inner connecting piece 25 and the negative inner connecting piece 26 are both arranged between the pole core 1 and the casing, so that both the positive inner connecting piece 25 and the negative inner connecting piece 26 are located in the casing, that is, the positive electrode.
  • the connecting piece 25 and the negative inner connecting piece 26 do not occupy the space outside the casing, so that the overall volume of the single battery 100 is small, which facilitates the installation and arrangement of the single battery 100, and the positive inner connecting piece 25 and the negative inner connecting piece 26
  • the length required for the internal connection of the two electrode terminals is small, which can save the overall length of the positive electrode inner connecting piece 25 and the negative electrode inner connecting piece 26, and reduce the consumption of production materials.
  • the positive inner connecting piece 25 and the negative inner connecting piece 26 are respectively arranged on opposite sides of the pole core 1, so that the positive inner connecting piece 25 and the negative inner connecting piece 26 can protect both sides of the pole core 1. , In order to effectively prevent the structure of the pole core 1 from being damaged, avoid abnormal structure of the pole core 1, improve the safety and stability of the single battery 100, facilitate long-term use, and do not affect the current conduction between the two electrode terminals.
  • the pole core 1 includes a plurality of pairs of positive and negative plates 11, each pair of positive and negative plates 11 leads to the same end of the positive electrode tab 113 and the negative electrode tab 114, two adjacent pairs of positive and negative plates 11 respectively lead out the positive electrode tab 113 and the negative electrode tab 114 to different ends.
  • the pole core 1 includes a plurality of pairs of positive electrode sheets 111 and negative electrode sheets 112.
  • a separator 115 is provided between the positive electrode sheet 111 and the negative electrode sheet 112.
  • the separator 115 can effectively separate the positive electrode 111 and the negative electrode 112 to keep the positive electrode 111 and the negative electrode 112 in a normal current flow state, prevent the positive electrode 111 and the negative electrode 112 from interfering with each other, and avoid the positive electrode 111 and the negative electrode.
  • the sheet 112 is short-circuited in contact, which improves the safety of the single battery 100.
  • the area of the separator 115 is larger than that of the positive electrode sheet 111 and the negative electrode sheet 112, so that the separator 115 can effectively isolate the positive electrode sheet 111 and the negative electrode sheet 112.
  • both ends of the positive electrode sheet 111 are electrically connected to the positive electrode tab 113
  • the positive electrode tab 113 is electrically connected to the positive electrode terminal
  • both ends of the negative electrode sheet 112 are electrically connected to the negative electrode tab 114 and the negative electrode tab.
  • 114 is electrically connected to the negative electrode terminal.
  • Multiple pairs of positive and negative plates 11 are stacked along the thickness direction of the single cell 100.
  • the pole core 1 includes at least two pairs of positive and negative plates 11, and one of the two pairs of positive and negative plates 11 is positive and negative.
  • the positive pole piece 111 in the pole piece 11 is arranged adjacent to the negative pole piece 112 in the other pair of positive and negative pole pieces 11.
  • the single battery 100 is cross-stacked with multiple positive plates 111 and multiple negative plates 112, which increases the battery capacity of the single battery 100 and facilitates the current extraction of the cells. Both positive tabs 113 of the positive plate 111 can be used. In order to be electrically connected to the positive electrode terminal, the two negative electrode tabs 114 of the negative electrode sheet 112 can be used to electrically connect to the negative electrode terminal. In this way, the overcurrent capability of the electrode core 1 can be improved, and the charge and discharge efficiency of the single battery 100 can be enhanced.
  • the positive electrode tab 113 and the negative electrode tab 114 in each pair of positive and negative plates 11 are staggered along the width direction of the single battery 100. In this way, the position of the positive electrode tab 113 and the negative electrode tab 114 can be prevented from being too concentrated and the positive electrode The tab 113 and the negative tab 114 are short-circuited in contact, which provides the safety of the single battery 100.
  • At least one of the first end plate and the second end plate is provided with a lead-out piece, the lead-out piece is arranged on the side facing the pole core 1, and the lead-out piece is directly electrically connected to the corresponding tab and electrode terminal, That is, the inner end of the lead-out piece is electrically connected to the tab, and the outer end of the lead-out piece is electrically connected to the electrode terminal.
  • the pole core 1 can be electrically connected to the electrode terminal through the tab and the lead-out piece.
  • the number of lead-out pieces can be reduced.
  • the poor contact caused by the too short length of the electrode terminal or the electrode terminal ensures that the electrode terminal and the electrode terminal are in effective contact with the lead-out piece, which improves the stability of the current conduction of the single battery 100 and is convenient for long-term use.
  • the width of the tab is the contact width between the lead plate and the tab, and the width of the lead tab is not less than the contact width of the tab. Therefore, the flow width between the lead plate and the tab is the width of the tab itself, and The width of the ears is larger. In this way, it can be ensured that there is an excellent overcurrent efficiency between the lead-out piece and the tabs, and the overcurrent capability of the single battery 100 can be improved.
  • the pole piece in the pole core 1 further includes a current collector.
  • the tab and the current collector are integrated, and the tab and the current collector are formed by die-cutting copper foil or aluminum foil. Therefore, on the one hand, the tab is quickly formed, reducing the process cost, and on the other hand, the tab and the current collector are integrated. The transmission performance is better, and the shape of the tab can be die-cut according to actual needs, which is easy to structure and can be used flexibly.
  • the pole piece of the pole core 1 includes a current collector, and the current collector includes an electrode material covering area and an insulating material covering area, wherein the insulating material covering area is between the tab and the electrode material covering area, and the insulating material The covering area has an insulating material layer.
  • the tabs and the electrode material covering area can be insulated and separated by the insulating material layer, avoiding contact and short circuit between the two, and improving the safety and stability of the current draw of the electrode core 1.
  • the single battery 100 further includes an explosion-proof valve.
  • the explosion-proof valve is arranged on the shell, for example, the explosion-proof valve is arranged on the end plate of the shell, and the explosion-proof valve is located outside the two electrode terminals.
  • the explosion-proof valve can be used as a pressure relief device for the single battery 100 and used in the single battery. When the pressure in 100 is abnormal or too high, the pressure is relieved to keep the pressure in the accommodating cavity within a safer range. In this way, the internal pressure of the single battery 100 can be prevented from swelling and deforming, and the use of the single battery 100 can be improved. Security and stability.
  • This application also proposes a power battery pack 1000.
  • the power battery pack 1000 includes: a battery pack housing and a plurality of single cells 100 in the foregoing embodiments.
  • the single battery 100 is installed in the battery pack housing, a plurality of single batteries 100 are arranged in sequence, and the upper and lower ends of the plurality of single batteries 100 are kept flush.
  • the electrode terminals of a plurality of single cells 100 can be connected in series through the connector 101, and the plurality of single cells 100 can be charged and discharged simultaneously, which improves the charging and discharging efficiency of the power battery pack 1000 and the battery capacity of the power battery pack 1000.
  • n single cells 100 there are n single cells 100, n single cells 100 are arranged side by side in series, and the first negative electrode terminal 22 of the k-1th single cell 100 and the first negative electrode terminal 22 of the kth single cell 100 A positive electrode terminal 21 is connected, the first negative electrode terminal 22 of the k-th single cell 100 is connected to the first positive electrode terminal 21 of the k+1-th single cell 100, 2 ⁇ k ⁇ n-1, n ⁇ 3. That is, there are at least three single cells 100. In this way, n single cells 100 are sequentially connected as a whole through the electrical connection of the negative electrode terminal and the positive electrode terminal. The positive electrode terminals of two adjacent single cells 100 are The negative electrode terminal is electrically connected through the connector 101.
  • the five single cells 100 there are five single cells 100, five single cells 100 are arranged side by side in series, and the first negative electrode terminal 22 of the second single cell 100 is connected to the first positive electrode terminal 21 of the third single cell 100.
  • the first negative electrode terminal 22 of the third single cell 100 is connected to the first positive electrode terminal 21 of the fourth single cell 100.
  • the five single cells 100 are sequentially connected as a whole through the electrical connection of the negative electrode terminal and the positive electrode terminal, and the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal of two adjacent single cells 100 are electrically connected through the connector 101.
  • the power battery pack 1000 has a maintenance mode.
  • the second negative electrode terminal 24 of the k-1th unit cell 100 is connected to the second positive electrode terminal 23 of the k+1-th unit cell 100 In this way, when the k-th single battery 100 fails, the k-th single battery 100 is stopped to prevent the failure state from spreading. At the same time, the k-1 single battery 100 and the k+1 single battery 100 is electrically connected so that the entire power battery pack 1000 can continue to be used normally.
  • the power battery pack 1000 includes 5 single cells 100, among which, the third single cell 100 is in failure. At this time, the third single cell 100 is in a state of stopping operation, and the second single cell 100 The second negative electrode terminal 24 is electrically connected to the second positive electrode terminal 23 of the fourth unit cell 100. In this way, 4 of the 5 single cells 100 still maintain a normal operating state.
  • This application also proposes a vehicle.
  • the vehicle according to the embodiment of the present application is provided with the power battery pack 1000 of the above-mentioned embodiment.
  • the single battery 100 of the power battery pack 1000 fails, the other single batteries 100 can still be used normally, ensuring that the vehicle always has a stable power output. Improve the practicability and safety of the vehicle, and the power battery pack 1000 is easy to maintain.
  • the single battery (100) includes: a casing and a pole core (1) located in the casing; the casing has a plurality of surfaces, and at least two of the surfaces are provided with
  • the pole core (1) is electrically connected to and extends out of the electrode terminal for drawing current outside the casing, and the electrode terminal on each surface includes a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal; a positive internal connecting piece ( 25) and the negative inner connecting piece (26), the two ends of the positive inner connecting piece (25) are respectively connected to the positive electrode terminals on the two faces, the two ends of the negative inner connecting piece (26) are respectively It is connected with the negative electrode terminals on the two surfaces, and the surfaces of the positive electrode inner connecting piece (25) and the negative electrode inner connecting piece (26) are both provided with an insulating layer.
  • the casing has a first end surface and a second end surface, and a first positive electrode terminal (21) and a first negative electrode terminal (22) are provided on the first end surface. ), the second end surface is provided with a second positive electrode terminal (23) and a second negative electrode terminal (24); the first end of the positive inner connecting piece (25) and the first positive electrode terminal ( 21) is connected, the second end of the positive inner connecting piece (25) is connected to the second positive electrode terminal (23), and the first end of the negative inner connecting piece (26) is connected to the first negative electrode terminal ( 22) Connected, the second end of the negative inner connecting piece (26) is connected to the second negative electrode terminal (24).
  • the pole core (1) is provided with tabs, and the electrode terminal is electrically connected to the pole core (1) through the tabs.
  • the pole core (1) has a first end and a second end, a plurality of first pole ears extend from the first end, and a plurality of first poles
  • the tabs form a first tab group, a plurality of second tabs extend from the second end, and the plurality of second tabs form a second tab group; the electrode terminals on the first end surface and the The first tab is electrically connected, and the electrode terminal on the second end surface is electrically connected with the second tab.
  • the first tab group has at least two and the second tab group has at least two; the first tab group includes a positive electrode group and a negative electrode Ear group, the second tab group includes a positive electrode tab group and a negative electrode tab group, the positive electrode tab group is connected to the positive electrode terminal, and the negative electrode tab group is connected to the negative electrode terminal.
  • the housing includes a first end plate and a second end plate, and the first end plate and the second end plate are respectively located at both ends of the pole core , Both ends of the pole core (1) are provided with the tabs; the first end plate is provided with a first positive electrode terminal and a first negative electrode terminal, and the second end plate is provided with the first Two positive electrode terminals and the second negative electrode terminal, the first positive electrode terminal, the first negative electrode terminal, the second positive electrode terminal, and the second negative electrode terminal pass through corresponding end plates.
  • At least one of the first end plate and the second end plate is provided with a lead piece on a side facing the pole core (1), and the lead
  • the tab is directly electrically connected to the corresponding tab and the corresponding electrode terminal, and the contact length between the lead tab and the corresponding tab is the width of the tab.
  • the positive electrode inner connecting piece (25) and the negative electrode inner connecting piece (26) are both arranged between the electrode core (1) and the casing.
  • the positive inner connecting piece (25) and the negative inner connecting piece (26) are respectively arranged on opposite sides of the electrode core (1).
  • the pole core (1) includes a plurality of pairs of positive and negative plates (11), and each pair of the positive and negative plates (11) leads to the same end of the positive tab ( 113) and negative tab (114), two adjacent pairs of positive and negative plates (11) each lead out a positive tab (113) and a negative tab (114) to different ends.
  • multiple pairs of the positive and negative plates (11) are stacked along the thickness direction of the single battery (100), and each pair of the positive and negative plates (11)
  • the lead-out positive electrode tab (113) and the negative electrode tab (114) are staggered along the width direction of the single battery (100).
  • the cross-sectional area of the positive electrode inner connecting piece (25) is 30mm2-100mm2, the thickness is 0.8-2.0mm, and the width is 15-125mm;
  • the negative electrode inner connecting piece (26) has a cross-sectional area of 20mm2-60mm2, a thickness of 0.8-2.0mm, and a width of 10-75mm.
  • the pole piece in the pole core further includes a current collector, and the tab is integrated with the current collector.
  • the pole piece of the pole core (1) includes a current collector, and the current collector contains an electrode material covering area and an insulating material covering area, and the insulating material covering area is Between the tab and the electrode material covering area, the insulating material area is covered with an insulating material layer.
  • the single battery (100) further includes: an explosion-proof valve, the explosion-proof valve is arranged on the housing and located outside the two electrode terminals.
  • the single pole core (1) is contained in the casing.
  • This application also proposes a power battery pack (1000), including: a battery pack housing; a plurality of single batteries (100) as described in the above embodiments, the single batteries (100) are accommodated in the Inside the battery pack housing.
  • This application also proposes a vehicle provided with the power battery pack (1000) described in the above-mentioned embodiment.

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Abstract

一种单体电池、动力电池包和车辆，所述单体电池包括：壳体及位于所述壳体内的极芯；所述壳体具有多个面，至少有两个所述面上设有与所述极芯电连接并延伸出所述壳体外用于引出电流的电极端子，每个所述面上的所述电极端子均包括正极电极端子和负极电极端子；正极内连接片和负极内连接片，所述正极内连接片的两端分别与两个所述面上的正极电极端子相连，所述负极内连接片的两端分别与两个所述面上的负极电极端子相连，且所述正极内连接片和所述负极内连接片的表面均设有绝缘层。

Description

单体电池、动力电池包和车辆
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求比亚迪股份有限公司于2019年6月21日提交的、发明名称为“单体电池、动力电池包和车辆”的中国专利申请号“201910544130.4”的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及车辆制造技术领域，尤其是涉及一种单体电池、具有该单体电池的动力电池包和具有该动力电池包的车辆。
背景技术
近年来，随着新能源汽车的大力发展，车载电池的性能要求也随之提高。其中工业和信息化部、国家发展改革委、科技部联合印发了《汽车产业中长期发展规划》明确我国动力电池目标，到2020年，锂离子动力电池单体比能量大于300Wh/kg；系统比能量争取达到260Wh/kg；成本小于1元/Wh；使用环境从零下30℃到55℃；具备3C充电能力，2025年力争实现单体电池350Wh/kg。
为了实现上述目标，采用增大电池的尺寸或体积，来提高电池容量和整个电池包的成组效率，是当前的一个主要设计方向。但是电池尺寸过大，电流通过集流体传达到极耳侧再经由极耳引出，会使电池极片内部靠近相对端部的集流路径过长，内阻增大，从而影响动力电池的大电流充放电性能、安全性能等。
发明内容
本申请旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此，本申请的一个目的在于提出一种单体电池，该电池设计有多个电流引出的极耳，使集流体的集流路径具有多向性，所短电池内部的平均集流路径，降低电池内阻，对电池的大电流充放电性能、安全性能等都有极大的提高。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池，包括：壳体及位于所述壳体内的极芯；所述壳体具有多个面，至少有两个所述面上设有与所述极芯电连接并延伸出所述壳体外用于引出电流的电极端子，每个所述面上的所述电极端子均包括正极电极端子和负极电极端子；正极内连接片和负极内连接片，所述正极内连接片的两端分别与两个所述面上的正极电极端子相连，所述负极内连接片的两端分别与两个所述面上的负极电极端子相连，且所述正极内连接片 和所述负极内连接片的表面均设有绝缘层。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池，单体电池的两个面上均设有两个极性不同的电极端子，且两个面上极性相同的电极端子通过内连接片相连，极大地降低电池的内阻，增强过流效率，提升单体电池的实用性能，利于扩大适用范围。
本申请还提出了一种动力电池包。
根据本申请一个实施例的动力电池包，包括：电池包壳体；多个如上述任一种实施例所述的单体电池，所述单体电池安装于所述电池包壳体内。
本申请又提出了一种车辆。
根据本申请实施例的车辆，设置有上述任一种实施例所述的动力电池包。
所述车辆、所述动力电池包和上述的单体电池相对于现有技术所具有的优势相同，在此不再赘述。
本申请的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。
附图说明
本申请的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1是根据本申请实施例的单体电池的结构示意图；
图2是根据本申请实施例的单体电池的极芯的结构示意图
图3是根据本申请实施例的动力电池包的结构示意图。
附图标记：
动力电池包1000，
单体电池100，
极芯1，正负极片11，正极片111，负极片112，正极极耳113，负极极耳114，隔膜115，第一正极电极端子21，第一负极电极端子22，第二正极电极端子23，第三负极电极端子24，正极内连接片25，负极内连接片26，
连接件101。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本申请的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。
下面参考图1-图3描述根据本申请实施例的单体电池100，该单体电池100的两个面上均设有两个电极端子，且两个面上两个极性相同的电极端子均通过内连接片相连，由此，可降低单体电池的内阻，提高过流能力。
如图1所示，根据本申请实施例的单体电池100包括：壳体(图未示出)、极芯1、正极内连接片25和负极内连接片26。
极芯1位于壳体内，壳体具有多个面，且多个面中的至少两个面设有电极端子，电极端子与极芯1电连接，且电极端子延伸出壳体外，以用于引出电流，由此，便于单体电池100向外部充放电。
如图1、图2所示，每个面上的电极端子至少为两个，如图1所示，壳体的第一侧面(图2中左侧面)上的电极端子为两个，如图1所示，壳体的第二侧面(图2中右侧面)上的电极端子为两个，即壳体的相对的两个面上均设有两个电极端子，其中，两个面上的电极端子可正对设置，也可错开设置，这样，壳体包括至少四个电极端子，四个电极端子均可用于电流导通。当然，电极端子也可设于壳体的相邻的两个面上，如壳体的左侧面和前侧面均设有电极端子，或者壳体的右侧面和后侧面均设有电极端子，同样可实现极芯1与外部电流导通的作用。其中，电极端子可为柱状，也可为片状，具体可根据实际安装需求选择。
这样，在单体电池100安装使用时，极芯1可通过多对电极端子与外部电流导通，以缩短单体电池100与外部电流导通的路径，提高过流，降低阻抗，防止当单体电池100的结构尺寸满足本申请设计的范围时内阻过大，提高单体电池100设计的合理性，提升实用性。
多对电极端子的连接状态可灵活选择，在单体电池100组装成电池包时，多对电极端子与极芯1连接成多条电流流通路径，电流可选择性地由一侧的电极端子引出，而不必流经整个电池极片的集流路径，以缩短电流引出的路径，其中，部分电流流通路径可同时导通，也可单独导通，可根据实际用电状态进行选择，灵活性更佳。
在四个电极端子均电流导通时，实现双流路或多流路导通，可极大地降低单体电池100的内阻，提高单体电池100的过流能力，相比于单进单出，本申请的单体电池100的充放电效率更高，更利于节省用户的充放电时间，实用性更佳。
其中，每个面上的电极端子均包括正极电极端子和负极电极端子，其中，正极电内连接片25的两端分别与两个面上的正极电极端子相连，负极内连接片26的两端分别与两个面上的负极电极端子相连。
这样，通过在两个正极电极端子之间设正极内连接片25，在两个负极电极端子之间设负极内连接片26，极大地降低了单体电池100的内阻，将单体电池100内部集流体的大内 阻转换为内部连接片的小内阻，有效地提高单体电池100的过流能力，提高单体电池100及整个电池包的性能。
其中，正极内连接片25和负极内连接片26的表面均设有绝缘层，绝缘层可防止正极内连接片25与负极内连接片26直接接触，同时避免正极内连接片25与负极内连接片26和其他导电部件接触，防止单体电池100内部短路，绝缘层可为橡胶材料制成，由此，可提升单体电池100的安全性。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池100，单体电池100的两个面上均设有两个极性不同的电极端子，且两个面上极性相同的电极端子通过内连接片相连，极大地降低电池的内阻，增强过流效率，提升单体电池100的实用性能，利于扩大适用范围。
在一些实施例中，壳体具有第一端面和第二端面，第一端面和第二端面正对设置，第一端面上设有至少两个电极端子，第二端面上设有至少两个电极端子，壳体的第一端面设有两个电极端子，壳体的第二端面设有两个电极端子。其中，同一面上的部分电极端子用于与负载或电池电连接，以将单体电池100的电能引出供外部使用。
其中，第一端面上设有第一正极电极端子21和第一负极电极端子22，第二端面上设有第二正极电极端子23和第二负极电极端子24，正极内连接片25的第一端与第一正极电极端子相连，正极内连接片25的第二端与第二正极电极端子23相连，负极内连接片26的第一端与第一负极电极端子22相连，负极内连接片26的第二端与第二负极电极端子24相连。
这样，通过在第一正极电极端子21和第二正极电极端子23之间设正极内连接片25，在第一负极电极端子22和第二负极电极端子24之间设负极内连接片26，极大地降低了单体电池100的内阻，将单体电池100内部集流体的大内阻转换为内部连接片的小内阻，有效地提高单体电池100的过流能力，提高单体电池100及整个电池包的性能。
在一些实施例中，极芯1上设有极耳，电极端子通过极耳与极芯电连接，以便于通过极耳将极芯内的电能由电极端子引出。其中，极芯1具有第一端和第二端，第一端上延伸出多个第一极耳，多个第一极耳形成第一极耳组，第二端上延伸出多个第二极耳，多个第二极耳形成第二极耳组，极芯1的第一端形成有第一极耳组，极芯1的第二端形成有第二极耳组，其中，第一端面上的电极端子与第一极耳电连接，第二端面上的电极端子与第二极耳电连接。如图1所示，每个面上均设有正极电极端子和负极电极端子，极芯1的第一端延伸出多个第一极耳，多个第一极耳形成至少两组第一极耳组。
第一极耳组为至少2个，第二极耳组为至少2个，其中，第一极耳组包括正极极耳组和负极极耳组，第二极耳组包括正极极耳组和负极极耳组，且正极极耳组与正极电极端子连接，负极极耳组与负极电极端子连接。
第一端面上的正极电极端子与第一极耳组中的正极极耳组相连，第一端面上的负极电 极端子与第一极耳组中的负极极耳组相连，第二端面上的正极电极端子与第一极耳组中的正极极耳组相连，第二端面上的负极电极端子与第一极耳组中的负极极耳组相连。
第一端面上设有第一正极电极端子21和第一负极电极端子22，第二端面上设有第二正极电极端子23和第二负极电极端子24，这样，第一端面上的第一正极电极端子21与极芯1的第一端的正极极耳组相连，第一端面上的第一负极电极端子22与极芯1的第一端的负极极耳组相连。第二端面上的第二正极电极端子23与极芯1的第二端的正极极耳组相连，第二端面上的第二负极电极端子24与极芯1的第二端的负极极耳组相连。
在一些实施例中，单体电池100包括：壳体、极芯1、正极内连接片25和负极内连接片26。
其中，壳体具有容纳腔，壳体用于安装内部储电元件，壳体的两端均具有端板，端板用于封闭壳体两个端部，以使容纳腔内部密封，进而保证壳体内的储电元件工作状态、工作环境稳定，保证单体电池100具有良好的运行状态。
端板上设有用于与外部电连接的电极端子，端板包括分别设于壳体两端的第一端板和第二端板，储电元件位于第一端板和第二端板之间，且储电元件的两端分别与第一端板、第二端板上的电极端子电连接。这样，便于储电元件通过第一端板、第二端板上的电极端子实现充放电的作用。
其中，如图3所示，每个端板均设有至少两个电极端子，即壳体的两个端板均设有至少两个电极端子，这样，单体电池100的两端均设有至少两个电极端子，且两个电极端子间隔开布置。
如图3所示，电极端子贯穿端板，即电极端子的两端分别位于端板的两侧，其中，电极端子的第一端位于壳体内，以使电极端子的第一端与容纳腔内的储电元件电连接，电极端子的第二端位于壳体外。电极端子的第二端用于与外部的用于设备电连接，这样，可将单体电池100内的电能输出给外部的用电设备。或者电极端子的第二端与相邻的单体电池100连接，以将多个单体电池100串联，进而使多个单体电池100同时充放电，提高电池包的使用效率。
其中，第一端板设有第一正极电极端子21和第一负极电极端子22，第一正极电极端子21和第一负极电极端子22贯穿第一端板，第二端板设有第二正极电极端子23和第二负极电极端子24，第二正极电极端子23和第二负极电极端子24贯穿第二端板，第一正极电极端子21、第一负极电极端子22、第二正极电极端子23和第二负极电极端子24均用于与外部电连接。这样，储电元件可通过一对正负极电极端子与外部电连接，也可通过两对正负极电极端子同时与外部电连接。
这样，增加电流引出的路径的数目，在两对正负极电极端子中的一对故障时，另一对 可作为备用。由此，单体电池100设计四个电极端子，可降低单个电极端子的尺寸，降低单个电极端子的密封和制造难度，同时提高过流能力，可提高单体电池100使用的安全性和稳定性，且单体电池100可实现双向引出，极大地降低电池的内阻，增强过流效率。
极芯1容纳于壳体内，极芯1作为壳体内的储电元件，用于向外部充放电。需要说明的是，极芯1为多个极片叠置形成，多个极片包括正极片111和负极片112，多个正极片111和多个负极片112错开设置，且正极片111和负极片112之间设有隔膜115，且隔膜115的面积大于正极极片和负极极片的面积，以使正极片111和负极片112相互不干涉，增强极芯1的安全性能。
极芯1的两端均设有正极极耳113和负极极耳114，即极耳包括正极极耳113和负极极耳114，正极极耳113与对应的正极电极端子相连，负极极耳114与对应的负极电极端子相连，其中，电极端子伸入端板的一端与对应的极耳电连接。这样，极芯1的一端通过正极极耳113与正极电极端子电连接，极芯1的另一端通过负极极耳114与负极电极端子电连接，由此，可使得极芯1与外部的电路电流导通。
极芯1、极耳和电极端子均具有较大的过流面积，以使单体电池100具有极佳的充放电能力，进而提高对外部用电设备的电能输出效率，同时增强自身充电效率，节省用户所需的充放电时间，降低时间成本，便于用户使用。
如图1所示，极耳、极芯1均具有较大的接触面，在电极端子、极耳和极芯1安装配合时，极耳与电极端子具有较大的接触面积，极耳与极芯1具有较大的接触面积，这样，即提升了电极端子、极耳和极芯1三者之间的过流效率，同时极耳、极芯1和电极端子易于实现安装固定，且能够长期保持稳定的接触状态，提高装配效率的同时延长使用寿命，降低单体电池100的设计精度和工艺难度，增大过流能力。
如图3所示，正极内连接片25与第一正极电极端子21和第二正极电极端子23均相连，即第一正极电极端子21与第二正极电极端子23之间可通过正极内连接片25实现过流，负极内连接片26与第一负极电极端子22和第二负极电极端子24均相连，即第一负极电极端子22和第二负极电极端子24可通过负极内连接片26实现过流，增大单体电池100的过流能力。
这样，通过在第一正极电极端子21和第二正极电极端子23之间设正极内连接片25，在第一负极电极端子22和第二负极电极端子24之间设负极内连接片26，极大地降低了单体电池100的内阻，将单体电池100内部集流体的大内阻转换为内部连接片的小内阻，有效地提高单体电池100的过流能力，提高单体电池100及整个电池包的性能。
其中，正极内连接片25和负极内连接片26的表面均设有绝缘层，绝缘层可防止正极内连接片25与负极内连接片26直接接触，同时避免正极内连接片25与负极内连接片26 和其他导电部件接触，防止单体电池100内部短路，绝缘层可为橡胶材料制成，由此，可提升单体电池100的安全性。
在一些实施例中，正极内连接片25和负极内连接片26均设于极芯1和壳体之间，这样，正极内连接片25和负极内连接片26均位于壳体内，即正极内连接片25和负极内连接片26不占用壳体外部的空间，使得单体电池100的整体体积较小，便于单体电池100的安装与布置，且正极内连接片25和负极内连接片26安装于内部连接两个电极端子所需的长度较小，可节省正极内连接片25和负极内连接片26的整体长度，减少所耗费的生产材料。
其中，正极内连接片25和负极内连接片26分别设于极芯1的相对的两侧，这样，正极内连接片25和负极内连接片26可对极芯1的两侧起到保护作用，以有效地防止极芯1的结构受到破坏，避免极芯1结构异常，提高单体电池100的安全性和稳定性，便于长期使用，且不影响两个电极端子之间的电流导通。
其中，如图1所示，极芯1包括多对正负极片11，每对正负极片11向同一端引出正极极耳113和负极极耳114，相邻的两对正负极片11各自向不同端引出正极极耳113和负极极耳114，如图1所示，极芯1包括多对正极片111和负极片112，正极片111和负极片112之间设有隔膜115，隔膜115可将正极片111和负极片112有效地间隔开，以使正极片111和负极片112均保持正常的电流流通状态，防止正极片111和负极片112相互干涉，避免正极片111和负极片112接触短路，提高单体电池100的安全性。其中，隔膜115的面积大于正极片111、负极片112，这样，隔膜115可将正极片111和负极片112有效地隔绝。
如图2所示，正极片111的两端均电连接有正极极耳113，正极极耳113与正极电极端子电连接，负极片112的两端均电连接有负极极耳114，负极极耳114与负极电极端子电连接。多对正负极片11沿单体电池100的厚度方向层叠设置，如图1所示，极芯1包括至少2对正负极片11，2对正负极片11中的1对正负极片11中的正极片111与另1对正负极片11中的负极片112相邻设置。
单体电池100由多个正极片111和多个负极片112交叉叠置，增加单体电池100的电池容量，且便于实现电芯的电流引出，正极片111的两个正极极耳113均可用于与正极电极端子电连接，负极片112的两个负极极耳114均可用于与负极电极端子电连接，这样，可提高极芯1的过流能力，增强单体电池100的充放电效率。
每对正负极片11中的正极极耳113和负极极耳114沿单体电池100的宽度方向错开设置，这样，可避免正极极耳113和负极极耳114的布置位置过于集中，防止正极极耳113和负极极耳114接触短路，提供单体电池100的安全性。
在一些实施例中，第一端板和第二端板中的至少一个设有引出片，引出片设于朝向极 芯1的一侧，引出片与对应的极耳及电极端子直接电连接，即引出片的内端与极耳电连接，引出片的外端与电极端子电连接，这样，极芯1可与电极端子通过极耳、引出片实现电连接，这样，通过设置引出片可减少因电极端子或极耳长度过短导致的接触不良，保证极耳、电极端子均与引出片有效地接触，提高单体电池100的电流导通的稳定性，便于长期使用。
其中，极耳的宽度为引出片与极耳的接触宽度，且引出片的宽度不小于极耳的接触宽度，由此，引出片与极耳的过流宽度为极耳本身的宽度，且极耳的宽度较大。这样，可保证引出片与极耳之间具有极佳的过流效率，提高单体电池100的过流能力。
在一些实施例中，极芯1中的极片还包括：集流体。
其中，极耳与集流体一体化，极耳和集流体为铜箔或铝箔经模切形成，由此，一方面极耳快速成型，降低工艺成本，另一方面极耳与集流体一体化电流的传输性能更好，且极耳的形状可按实际需求模切，易于结构成型，可灵活使用。
在另一些实施例中，极芯1的极片包括集流体，集流体包括含有电极材料覆盖区和绝缘材料覆盖区，其中绝缘材料覆盖区在极耳与电极材料覆盖区之间，且绝缘材料覆盖区具有绝缘材料层，这样，通过绝缘材料层可将极耳与电极材料覆盖区绝缘间隔开，避免二者接触短路，提高极芯1电流引出的安全性和稳定性。
在一些实施例中，单体电池100还包括：防爆阀。
其中，防爆阀设于壳体，如防爆阀设于壳体的端板，且防爆阀位于两个电极端子的外侧，防爆阀可作为单体电池100的卸压装置，用于在单体电池100内的压力异常、过高时卸压，以使容纳腔内的压力保持在较为安全的范围内，这样，可防止单体电池100的内部压力过大致整体膨胀变形，提高单体电池100使用的安全性和稳定性。
本申请还提出了一种动力电池包1000。
根据本申请实施例的动力电池包1000，包括：电池包壳体和多个上述实施例中的单体电池100。
其中，单体电池100安装于电池包壳体内，多个单体电池100依次排布设置，多个单体电池100的上端和下端均保持平齐。这样，多个单体电池100的电极端子可通过连接件101串联起来，多个单体电池100可同时充放电，提高动力电池包1000的充放电效率，提高动力电池包1000的电池容量。
在一些实施例中，单体电池100为n个，n个单体电池100并排串联设置，第k-1个单体电池100的第一负极电极端子22与第k个单体电池100的第一正极电极端子21相连，第k个单体电池100的第一负极电极端子22与第k+1个单体电池100的第一正极电极端子21相连，2≤k≤n-1，n≥3，即单体电池100至少为3个，这样，n个单体电池100通过负极电极端子、正极电极端子的电连接依次连接为一个整体，相邻两个单体电池100的正极 电极端子和负极电极端子通过连接件101电连接。
如单体电池100为5个，5个单体电池100并排串联设置，第2个单体电池100的第一负极电极端子22与第3个单体电池100的第一正极电极端子21相连，第3个单体电池100的第一负极电极端子22与第4个单体电池100的第一正极电极端子21相连。这样，5个单体电池100通过负极电极端子、正极电极端子的电连接依次连接为一个整体，相邻两个单体电池100的正极电极端子和负极电极端子通过连接件101电连接。
在一些实施例中，动力电池包1000具有维修模式。
在维修模式中，若第k个单体电池100故障，则第k-1个单体电池100的第二负极电极端子24与第k+1个单体电池100的第二正极电极端子23相连，这样，第k个单体电池100故障时，将第k个单体电池100停止运行，以防止故障状态蔓延，同时将第k-1个单体电池100与第k+1个单体电池100电连接以使整个动力电池包1000能够继续正常使用。
如动力电池包1000包括5个单体电池100，其中，第3个单体电池100处于故障，此时，第3个单体电池100均处于停止运行的状态，第2个单体电池100的第二负极电极端子24与第4个单体电池100的第二正极电极端子23电连接。这样，5个单体电池100中的4个仍保持正常的运行状态。
由此，在多个单体电池100中的一个故障时，只需将其越过即可，其他单体电池100均能保持正常的工作状态，无需移除故障的单体电池100，后期单独更换即可，维修成本较低，使用费用低。
本申请还提出了一种车辆。
根据本申请实施例的车辆，设置有上述实施例的动力电池包1000，动力电池包1000的单体电池100故障时，其他单体电池100仍可正常使用，保证车辆始终具有稳定的动力输出，提升整车的实用性和安全性，且动力电池包1000维修方便。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池(100)，包括：壳体及位于所述壳体内的极芯(1)；所述壳体具有多个面，至少有两个所述面上设有与所述极芯(1)电连接并延伸出所述壳体外用于引出电流的电极端子，每个所述面上的所述电极端子均包括正极电极端子和负极电极端子；正极内连接片(25)和负极内连接片(26)，所述正极内连接片(25)的两端分别与两个所述面上的正极电极端子相连，所述负极内连接片(26)的两端分别与两个所述面上的负极电极端子相连，且所述正极内连接片(25)和所述负极内连接片(26)的表面均设有绝缘层。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池(100)，所述壳体具有第一端面和第二端面，所述第一端面上设有第一正极电极端子(21)和第一负极电极端子(22)，所述第二端面上设有第二正极电极端子(23)和第二负极电极端子(24)；所述正极内连接片(25)的第一端与所述第一正极电极端子(21)相连，所述正极内连接片(25)的第二端与第二正极电极端子(23)相连，所述 负极内连接片(26)的第一端与所述第一负极电极端子(22)相连，所述负极内连接片(26)的第二端与第二负极电极端子(24)相连。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池(100)，所述极芯(1)上设有极耳，所述电极端子通过所述极耳与所述极芯(1)电连接。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池(100)，所述极芯(1)具有第一端和第二端，所述第一端上延伸出多个第一极耳，多个所述第一极耳形成第一极耳组，所述第二端上延伸出多个第二极耳，多个所述第二极耳形成第二极耳组；所述第一端面上的电极端子与所述第一极耳电连接，所述第二端面上的电极端子与所述第二极耳电连接。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池(100)，所述第一极耳组至少2个，所述第二极耳组至少2个；所述第一极耳组包括正极极耳组和负极极耳组，所述第二极耳组包括正极极耳组和负极极耳组，所述正极极耳组与所述正极电极端子连接，所述负极极耳组与所述负极电极端子连接。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池(100)，所述壳体包括第一端板和第二端板，所述第一端板和所述第二端板分别位于所述极芯的两端，所述极芯(1)的两端均设有所述极耳；所述第一端板设有第一正极电极端子和第一负极电极端子，所述第二端板设有所述第二正极电极端子和所述第二负极电极端子，所述第一正极电极端子、所述第一负极电极端子、所述第二正极电极端子、所述第二负极电极端子贯穿对应的端板。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池(100)，所述第一端板和所述第二端板中的至少一个的朝向所述极芯(1)的一侧设有引出片，所述引出片与对应所述极耳及对应所述电极端子直接电连接，所述引出片与对应所述极耳的接触长度为所述极耳的宽度。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池(100)，所述正极内连接片(25)和所述负极内连接片(26)均设于所述极芯(1)与所述壳体之间。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池(100)，所述正极内连接片(25)和所述负极内连接片(26)分别设于所述极芯(1)的相对的两侧。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池(100)，所述极芯(1)包括多对正负极片(11)，每对所述正负极片(11)向同一端引出正极极耳(113)和负极极耳(114)，相邻的两对正负极片(11)各自向不同端引出正极极耳(113)和负极极耳(114)。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池(100)，多对所述正负极片(11)沿所述单体电池(100)的厚度方向层叠设置，每对所述正负极片(11)引出的所述正极极耳(113)和所述负极极耳(114)沿所述单体电池(100)的宽度方向错开设置。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池(100)，所述正极内连接片(25)的横截面积为30mm2-100mm2，厚度为0.8-2.0mm，宽度为15-125mm；所述负极内连接片(26)的横截面积 为20mm2-60mm2，厚度为0.8-2.0mm，宽度为10-75mm。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池(100)，所述极芯中的极片还包括：集流体，所述极耳与所述集流体一体化。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池(100)，所述极芯(1)的极片包括集流体，所述集流体含有电极材料覆盖区和绝缘材料覆盖区，所述绝缘材料覆盖区在所述极耳和所述电极材料覆盖区之间，所述绝缘材料区覆盖有绝缘材料层。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池(100)，还包括：防爆阀，所述防爆阀设于所述壳体，且位于两个所述电极端子的外侧。
根据本申请实施例的单体电池(100)，所述壳体内容纳有单个所述极芯(1)。
本申请还提出了一种动力电池包(1000)，包括：电池包壳体；多个如上述实施例中所述的单体电池(100)，所述单体电池(100)容纳于所述电池包壳体内。
本申请还提出了一种车辆，设置有上述实施例所述的动力电池包(1000)。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示意性实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
尽管已经示出和描述了本申请的实施例，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本申请的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本申请的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种单体电池(100)，其特征在于，包括：
    壳体及位于所述壳体内的极芯(1)；
    所述壳体具有多个面，至少有两个所述面上设有与所述极芯(1)电连接并延伸出所述壳体外用于引出电流的电极端子，每个所述面上的所述电极端子均包括正极电极端子和负极电极端子；
    正极内连接片(25)和负极内连接片(26)，所述正极内连接片(25)的两端分别与两个所述面上的正极电极端子相连，所述负极内连接片(26)的两端分别与两个所述面上的负极电极端子相连，且所述正极内连接片(25)和所述负极内连接片(26)的表面均设有绝缘层。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的单体电池(100)，其特征在于，所述壳体具有第一端面和第二端面，所述第一端面上设有第一正极电极端子(21)和第一负极电极端子(22)，所述第二端面上设有第二正极电极端子(23)和第二负极电极端子(24)；
    所述正极内连接片(25)的第一端与所述第一正极电极端子(21)相连，所述正极内连接片(25)的第二端与第二正极电极端子(23)相连，所述负极内连接片(26)的第一端与所述第一负极电极端子(22)相连，所述负极内连接片(26)的第二端与第二负极电极端子(24)相连。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的单体电池(100)，其特征在于，所述极芯(1)上设有极耳，所述电极端子通过所述极耳与所述极芯(1)电连接。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的单体电池(100)，其特征在于，所述极芯(1)具有第一端和第二端，所述第一端上延伸出多个第一极耳，多个所述第一极耳形成第一极耳组，所述第二端上延伸出多个第二极耳，多个所述第二极耳形成第二极耳组；
    所述第一端面上的电极端子与所述第一极耳电连接，所述第二端面上的电极端子与所述第二极耳电连接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的单体电池(100)，其特征在于，所述第一极耳组至少2个，所述第二极耳组至少2个；
    所述第一极耳组包括正极极耳组和负极极耳组，所述第二极耳组包括正极极耳组和负极极耳组，所述正极极耳组与所述正极电极端子连接，所述负极极耳组与所述负极电极端子连接。
  6. 根据权利要求3-5中任一项所述的单体电池(100)，其特征在于，所述壳体包括第一端板和第二端板，所述第一端板和所述第二端板分别位于所述极芯的两端，所述极芯(1)的两端均设有所述极耳；
    所述第一端板设有第一正极电极端子和第一负极电极端子，所述第二端板设有所述第 二正极电极端子和所述第二负极电极端子，所述第一正极电极端子、所述第一负极电极端子、所述第二正极电极端子、所述第二负极电极端子贯穿对应的端板。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的单体电池(100)，其特征在于，所述第一端板和所述第二端板中的至少一个的朝向所述极芯(1)的一侧设有引出片，所述引出片与对应所述极耳及对应所述电极端子直接电连接，所述引出片与对应所述极耳的接触长度为所述极耳的宽度。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的单体电池(100)，其特征在于，所述正极内连接片(25)和所述负极内连接片(26)均设于所述极芯(1)与所述壳体之间。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的单体电池(100)，其特征在于，所述正极内连接片(25)和所述负极内连接片(26)分别设于所述极芯(1)的相对的两侧。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的单体电池(100)，其特征在于，所述极芯(1)包括多对正负极片(11)，每对所述正负极片(11)向同一端引出正极极耳(113)和负极极耳(114)，相邻的两对正负极片(11)各自向不同端引出正极极耳(113)和负极极耳(114)。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的单体电池(100)，其特征在于，多对所述正负极片(11)沿所述单体电池(100)的厚度方向层叠设置，每对所述正负极片(11)引出的所述正极极耳(113)和所述负极极耳(114)沿所述单体电池(100)的宽度方向错开设置。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11中任一项所述的单体电池(100)，其特征在于，所述正极内连接片(25)的横截面积为30mm2-100mm2，厚度为0.8-2.0mm，宽度为15-125mm；所述负极内连接片(26)的横截面积为20mm2-60mm2，厚度为0.8-2.0mm，宽度为10-75mm。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12中任一项所述的单体电池(100)，其特征在于，所述极芯中的极片还包括：集流体，所述极耳与所述集流体一体化。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13中任一项所述的单体电池(100)，其特征在于，所述极芯(1)的极片包括集流体，所述集流体含有电极材料覆盖区和绝缘材料覆盖区，所述绝缘材料覆盖区在所述极耳和所述电极材料覆盖区之间，所述绝缘材料区覆盖有绝缘材料层。
  15. 根据权利要求1-14中任一项所述的单体电池(100)，其特征在于，还包括：防爆阀，所述防爆阀设于所述壳体，且位于两个所述电极端子的外侧。
  16. 根据权利要求1-15中任一项所述的单体电池(100)，其特征在于，所述壳体内容纳有单个所述极芯(1)。
  17. 一种动力电池包(1000)，其特征在于，包括：
    电池包壳体；
    多个如权利要求1-16中任一项所述的单体电池(100)，所述单体电池(100)容纳于所述电池包壳体内。
  18. 一种车辆，其特征在于，具有如权利要求17所述的动力电池包(1000)。
PCT/CN2019/092731 2019-06-21 2019-06-25 单体电池、动力电池包和车辆 Ceased WO2020252802A1 (zh)

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