WO2020248814A1 - 一种控流控压装置 - Google Patents

一种控流控压装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020248814A1
WO2020248814A1 PCT/CN2020/092394 CN2020092394W WO2020248814A1 WO 2020248814 A1 WO2020248814 A1 WO 2020248814A1 CN 2020092394 W CN2020092394 W CN 2020092394W WO 2020248814 A1 WO2020248814 A1 WO 2020248814A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flow control
reference point
core
flow
satisfies
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PCT/CN2020/092394
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
佟磊
Original Assignee
佟磊
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Publication date
Application filed by 佟磊 filed Critical 佟磊
Priority to US17/618,238 priority Critical patent/US20220221065A1/en
Priority to EP20822203.4A priority patent/EP3985288A4/en
Publication of WO2020248814A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020248814A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K3/00—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing
    • F16K3/22—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing with sealing faces shaped as surfaces of solids of revolution
    • F16K3/24—Gate valves or sliding valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closing members having a sliding movement along the seat for opening and closing with sealing faces shaped as surfaces of solids of revolution with cylindrical valve members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K5/00—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary
    • F16K5/06—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary with plugs having spherical surfaces; Packings therefor
    • F16K5/0605—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary with plugs having spherical surfaces; Packings therefor with particular plug arrangements, e.g. particular shape or built-in means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/32—Details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/32—Details
    • F16K1/34—Cutting-off parts, e.g. valve members, seats
    • F16K1/36—Valve members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K5/00—Plug valves; Taps or cocks comprising only cut-off apparatus having at least one of the sealing faces shaped as a more or less complete surface of a solid of revolution, the opening and closing movement being predominantly rotary
    • F16K5/08—Details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
    • G06F30/17—Mechanical parametric or variational design
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2113/00—Details relating to the application field
    • G06F2113/14—Pipes

Definitions

  • This application relates to the technical field of flow control and hydraulic conduction, and in particular to a flow control and pressure control device.
  • the control devices for the flow or velocity of the material when passing through are mostly ball valves, needle valves or gate valves, etc.
  • the passage section of the flow control part has a length-to-height ratio. Reduced olive shape, open to the maximum circular shape, when the traditional needle valve is connected, the flow control part of the channel section is a circular ring with an increase or decrease in ring width, and the maximum open is circular. Based on this, the real-time cross-sectional area of the channel is adjusted accordingly.
  • the gate valve uses the change of the opening and closing range of the movable door to increase or decrease the size of the sector cross-sectional area through which the material can pass to achieve flow control and speed control.
  • annular, fan-shaped or olive-shaped flow limiting section designs of various flow control valves in the prior art have the characteristics of low ratio of the inscribed circle diameter of the flow control section to the real-time section area.
  • the working condition of small diameter will increase the flow resistance (such as the case of small pipe diameter transporting high-viscosity fluid, etc.), resulting in lower efficiency and increased consumption.
  • this application aims to provide a flow control and pressure control device to solve the problem that the inscribed circle radius of the channel section of the existing flow control valve is small, which is not conducive to the flow control and pressure transmission of heterogeneous or viscous fluids. problem.
  • a flow control and pressure control device includes: a valve body, a flow limiting core, and an adjusting device;
  • the valve body includes: an outflow pipe, a transition cavity and an inflow pipe with a circular or elliptical cross-section; the restrictor core can be completely inserted into the inflow pipe and block the fluid passage of the inflow pipe; the end of the restrictor core is provided with Inclined inner concave surface; the adjustment device is used to adjust the depth of the restrictor core inserted into the flow inlet pipe.
  • the inclined inner concave surface is symmetrical with respect to the first reference plane, and the first reference plane is the longitudinal cross-sectional symmetry plane of the valve body; the edge of the inclined inner concave surface intersects the first reference surface at the first reference point A and the second reference surface.
  • the first reference point A is the point where the inclined inner concave surface is inserted into the flow inlet tube last
  • the second reference point B is the point where the inclined inner concave surface is inserted into the flow inlet tube first;
  • the inner edge of the end surface of the inner wall of the flow inlet pipe intersects the first reference surface at the third reference point H and the fourth reference point I; the third reference point H can coincide with the first reference point A, and the fourth reference point I can overlap with the second reference point.
  • the reference point B coincides.
  • the angle ⁇ between the line segment AB connecting the first reference point A and the second reference point B and the fluid flow direction of the axis of the inlet pipe is greater than 0° and less than 90°;
  • the angle ⁇ between the line HI between the third reference point H and the fourth reference point I and the fluid flow direction of the axis of the inflow pipe is greater than 0° and less than or equal to 90°.
  • the first reference plane intersects the inclined concave surface at the curve section AGB, and the curve section AGB is the concave curve;
  • the second reference surface passing through the third reference point H and perpendicular to the line segment AB intersects the edge of the inclined inner concave surface at the sixth reference point E and the seventh reference point F; the second reference surface intersects the tangentially inclined inner concave surface at the curve segment EGF ,
  • the curve segment EGF is a concave curve.
  • the curve segment AGB is a circular arc
  • the curve segment AGB is a part of the parabola, which satisfies:
  • H 1 is the distance from the fifth reference point G to the straight line BI
  • D is the diameter of the limiting core
  • L is the length of the line segment AB projected in the axial direction of the limiting core
  • L 1 is the second reference point B and the fifth reference point G The projection distance of the limiting core axis direction.
  • the curve segment EGF is an ellipse arc, and is symmetric about the major axis of the ellipse, and satisfies the ellipse equation:
  • the plane where the ellipse equation is located is the second reference plane; the x-axis of the rectangular coordinate system of the ellipse equation coincides with the straight line HG, and the coordinate origin coincides with the third reference point H; D is the diameter of the current limiting core, and L GH is the length of the line segment HG.
  • the curve segment EGF is an arc
  • L GH is the length of the line segment HG.
  • the flow control and pressure control device is a 3D printing equipment hot runner flow control valve
  • the curve segment AGB is a part of the parabola, which satisfies:
  • H 1 is the distance from the fifth reference point G to the straight line BI
  • D is the diameter of the limiting core
  • L is the length of the line segment AB projected in the axial direction of the limiting core
  • L 1 is the second reference point B and the fifth reference point G The projection distance of the limiting core axis direction;
  • the curve segment EGF is an elliptic arc, which satisfies the elliptic equation:
  • the plane where the ellipse equation is located is the second reference plane; the x-axis of the rectangular coordinate system of the ellipse equation coincides with the straight line HG, and the coordinate origin coincides with the third reference point H; L GH is the length of the line segment HG.
  • the flow control and pressure control device is a fuel flow control valve of a thermal combustion engine for a vehicle
  • the curve segment EGF is an elliptic arc, which satisfies the elliptic equation:
  • the plane where the ellipse equation is located is the second reference plane; the x-axis of the rectangular coordinate system of the ellipse equation coincides with the straight line HG, and the coordinate origin coincides with the third reference point H; L GH is the length of the line segment HG.
  • the flow control and pressure control device is a hydraulic control flow control valve
  • the flow control and pressure control device is an oil field oil well flow control and pressure control valve
  • the curve segment EGF is an elliptic arc, which satisfies the elliptic equation:
  • the plane where the ellipse equation is located is the second reference plane; the x-axis of the rectangular coordinate system of the ellipse equation coincides with the straight line HG, and the coordinate origin coincides with the third reference point H; D is the diameter of the current limiting core, and L GH is the length of the line segment HG.
  • the flow control and pressure control device is a sand-gravel flow control funnel
  • the curve segment EGF is an elliptic arc, which satisfies the elliptic equation:
  • the plane where the ellipse equation is located is the second reference plane; the x-axis of the rectangular coordinate system of the ellipse equation coincides with the straight line HG, and the coordinate origin coincides with the third reference point H; D is the diameter of the current limiting core, and L GH is the length of the line segment HG.
  • the flow control and pressure control device is a flow control sluice
  • the included angle ⁇ is greater than 0° and less than 90°
  • the end surface of the inflow pipe is a flat elliptical ring
  • the axis of the inflow pipe passes through the center of the elliptical ring.
  • the included angle ⁇ is greater than 0° and less than 90°
  • the end surface of the inflow pipe is a concave elliptical ring
  • the axis of the inflow pipe passes through the center of the elliptical ring.
  • the shape of the inner concave surface where the concave elliptical ring is located is the same as the inclined inner concave surface, and the curve segment AGB is a part of the parabola, which satisfies:
  • H 1 is the distance from the fifth reference point G to the straight line BI
  • D is the diameter of the limiting core
  • L is the length of the line segment AB projected in the axial direction of the limiting core
  • L 1 is the second reference point B and the fifth reference point G The projection distance of the limiting core axis direction;
  • the tip of the restrictor core is provided with a cutting surface, and the cutting surface is perpendicular to the axis of the restrictor core.
  • a flow control ball valve the flow control ball valve includes: a valve body, a flow limiting core, and an adjusting device;
  • the valve body is a spherical shell and is provided with a shell passage with an elliptical cross section passing through; the axis of the shell passage passes through the center of the spherical shell;
  • the restrictor core is a spherical core, and is provided with a core channel with an elliptical cross section passing through; the axis of the core channel passes through the center of the spherical core;
  • the shell channel and the core channel have the same cross-sectional shape and size, which can form an elliptical fluid channel; the long axis of the elliptical cross-section of the elliptical fluid channel and the axis of the elliptical fluid channel form a reference plane; the adjustment device can drive the restrictor core to rotate around the reference axis,
  • the reference axis is the axis passing through the center of the sphere and perpendicular to the reference surface.
  • the cross-sectional ellipse of the elliptical fluid channel has the same shape as the reference ellipse
  • the working cross-section of the technical solution of this application is approximately circular or approximately elliptical or a combination of partial circular and partial ellipse.
  • the particle diameter of the material (or impurity) that the technical solution of this application can pass is the existing 2-10 times the technology, so it can reduce the interference of impurities and fouling on the working condition of the device and reduce the loss of the device.
  • the special flow control working surface design of the flow control core of the technical solution of this application can appropriately reduce the manufacturing process accuracy requirements of the device, and at the same time, the thermal coefficient of the material of the key components and the low wear resistance requirements are all effective. Reduce the manufacturing cost of the device. Therefore, this application is an innovative technical solution for anti-interference flow control that is applicable to a wide range of industries, less material restrictions, low manufacturing and operating costs, and good operational stability.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the application
  • Figure 2-1 is a schematic diagram of a situation where the curve segment AGB in the embodiment of the application is limited to ii;
  • Figure 2-2 is a schematic diagram of a situation where the curve segment AGB is limited to i in an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the current limiting core inserted into the valve body according to the embodiment of the application;
  • Figure 4-1 is a schematic diagram of a situation where the curve segment EGF is limited to II in an embodiment of the application;
  • Figure 4-2 is a schematic diagram of a situation where the curve segment EGF is limited to I in an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the position of the reference point of the embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the coordinate system when the curve segment EGF is limited to I in an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the included angle ⁇ greater than 0° and less than or equal to 90° according to the embodiment of the application;
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a cutting surface according to an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a ball valve according to an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a flow control funnel device for crushing ore according to an embodiment of the application.
  • valve body 1- valve body; 2- current limiting core; 3- adjusting device.
  • the technical solution is a technical means to provide a larger to largest flow control pipe diameter under the same working conditions, reduce fluid resistance and reduce the risk of jams, thereby improving Lower energy consumption, higher efficiency, while obtaining higher flow control stability and accuracy of the basic technical solution.
  • This application effectively reduces the interference of the passing objects on the control accuracy of the flow control device, while also having low component wear rate and longer service life.
  • the long-term advantage is suitable for basic technology in many fields including but not limited to industrial and mining, petrochemical gas, forging, 3D printing, material injection, medical beauty and health, intelligent robot manufacturing, industrial equipment manufacturing, etc. It is suitable for cell and drug molecular clusters.
  • the error tolerance space is larger, and the flow rate control method and series of application devices are more conducive to stable flow and pressure.
  • the products applying the technical solution of the present application have the advantages of simple and reliable structure, no special requirements for required materials and manufacturing processes, high adaptability to equipment wear and partial defects, etc., are widely suitable for production and application in various industries, and can produce huge economic value.
  • the principle of the flow control method of the technical solution of the present application is: in the solution of adjusting the cross-sectional area of the flow control channel to control the number of materials or fluids that can pass in a unit time, maintain an approximate circle or a closer focus as possible
  • the elliptical flow control channel can continuously obtain the radius r value of the inscribed circle of the larger or even the largest flow restriction section, that is, keep the larger or largest sphere as possible under the same flow control cross-sectional area. Control flow channel.
  • the mathematical formula for setting the change of the flow control cross-section shape of the flow control valve port during the working process can provide a better low resistance and fault-tolerant channel for the flow quality to achieve efficiency and consumption reduction, as well as counter interference and precision The technical effect of flow control and pressure control.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a flow control and pressure control device.
  • the flow control and pressure control device includes: a valve body 1, a flow limiting core 2 and an adjustment device 3;
  • the valve body 1 is circular or Elliptical bent tubes or other cavities, including circular or elliptical cross-sectional flow inlet tubes, outlet tubes, and transition cavities connecting the inlet and outlet tubes;
  • the restrictor core 2 is inserted into the inlet tube from the bend
  • the restrictor core 2 can be inserted into the flow inlet pipe, and the end of the restrictor core is provided with an inclined inner concave surface, and the inclined inner concave surface faces the outflow pipe;
  • the adjustment device 3 is used to adjust the depth of the restrictor core 2 inserted into the inflow pipe, and limit
  • the flow core does not rotate and can only be moved in translation by the adjustment device 3; when the flow limiting core 2 is completely inserted into the inflow pipe, the fluid passage of the inflow pipe is blocked by the flow limiting core 2.
  • the fluid channel is annular. Under the same flow rate, the smallest particle diameter that the annular structure can allow to pass is the smallest.
  • the embodiment of the present application improves the conical shape into an inclined surface to form The arcuate fluid channel increases the radius of the inscribed circle.
  • the embodiment of the present application further improves the slope into a concave slope, so that the cross section of the fluid channel is convex, such as a circular arc, an elliptical arc, etc.
  • the complex shape formed by the curve maximizes the radius of the inscribed circle.
  • the inclined inner concave surface is symmetrical with respect to the first reference plane, which is the longitudinal section symmetry plane of the valve body 1.
  • the edge of the inclined inner concave surface intersects the first reference surface at the first reference point A and the second reference point B.
  • the first reference point A is the last point inserted into the flow pipe on the inclined inner concave surface
  • the second reference point B is the inclined inner surface. The first point on the concave surface where the flow inlet pipe is inserted.
  • the inner edge of the end surface of the inner wall of the flow inlet pipe intersects the first reference surface at the third reference point H and the fourth reference point I; the third reference point H can coincide with the first reference point A, and the fourth reference point I can overlap with the second reference point.
  • the reference point B coincides.
  • the first reference surface On the first reference surface, a straight line passing through the third reference point H and perpendicular to the line segment AB intersects the inclined concave surface at the fifth reference point G; the first reference surface and the inclined concave surface are compared with the symmetrical central curve section AGB,
  • the symmetrical central curve segment AGB is a concave curve.
  • the cross-sectional curve segment EGF, and the vertical cross-sectional curve segment EGF are concave curves.
  • the angle ⁇ between the line segment AB connecting the first reference point A and the second reference point B and the fluid flow direction of the axis of the inflow pipe is greater than 0° and less than 90° to ensure that the tip of the restrictor core 2 is an inclined surface. There is no restriction on the angle of. When a small stroke is required, the angle ⁇ can be increased, and when precise control is required, the angle ⁇ can be reduced.
  • the angle ⁇ between the line HI between the third reference point H and the fourth reference point I and the fluid flow direction of the axis of the inflow pipe is greater than 0° and less than or equal to 90°; when the angle ⁇ is less than 90°, the inflow pipe
  • the end face faces the outflow pipe.
  • the end surface of the inflow pipe can be perpendicular to the axis of the inflow pipe or can be inclined, but when it is inclined, the end surface is inclined toward the outflow pipe to ensure that the fluid can flow out smoothly.
  • the symmetric central curve section AGB is defined as follows:
  • the symmetrical central curve segment AGB is a circular arc
  • the symmetric central curve segment AGB is a part of the parabola, which satisfies:
  • H 1 is the distance from the fifth reference point G to the straight line BI
  • D is the diameter of the limiting core 2
  • L is the projection length of the line segment AB in the axial direction of the limiting core 2
  • L 1 is the second reference point B and the fifth reference point G is the projected distance in the axial direction of the limiting core 2.
  • the vertical cross-section curve segment EGF is an elliptical arc, which satisfies the ellipse equation:
  • the plane of the ellipse equation is the second reference plane; the x-axis of the rectangular coordinate system of the ellipse equation coincides with the straight line HG, and the coordinate origin coincides with the third reference point H; D is the diameter of the current limiting core 2 and L GH is the length of the line segment HG.
  • the symmetrical central curve section AGB adopts the II scheme to obtain a linear change relationship that is approximately positively correlated with the flow limiting core 2 advancing and retreating distance and the flow control cross-sectional area.
  • the cut beveled inner concave edge of the entire restrictor core 2 sharp bevel structure, especially the near end point A, can fit with the inner edge of the round valve port of the valve body 1 to produce a cutting effect, so it is not easy to cause the traditional needle valve annular shut-off surface to be jammed by the material
  • the plug affects the closing of the needle valve
  • the effect of the technical solution of this application is more prominent when it resists the interference of fragile, high-viscosity and other uneven materials or impurities; the vertical cross-sectional curve segment EGF is I.
  • the solution can be advanced in the restrictor core 2. A larger HG value is obtained at the stage with more and smaller flow control section, which brings design space to obtain a larger radius of the inscribed circle of the flow control section.
  • the flow control device is composed of a valve body 1, a restrictor core 2, and an adjustment device.
  • a circular valve port on the valve body 1.
  • the material can only pass through the circular valve port in the outflow pipe where the restrictor core 2 is located.
  • the inner cavity of the valve body 1 passes through, and the inner cavity and/or the outflow pipe of the valve body 1 are connected to other spaces according to the material transmission requirements.
  • the restrictor core 2 is a cylinder with a sharp bevel structure at one end of the circular valve port of the valve body 1.
  • the sharp bevel structure is on the axis line of the restrictor core 2.
  • the length of the upper part is L
  • the center of the circular valve port of valve body 1 is located on the axis of the restrictor core 2
  • its inner edge diameter D1 is equal to the diameter D of the restrictor core 2 cylinder.
  • the operating adjustment device can limit the limit
  • the flow core 2 advances and retreats in the direction of the axis of the flow limiting core 2, and at least the entire and partial cylindrical structure of the flow limiting core 2 can enter the inner cavity of the valve body 1 through the circular valve port of the valve body 1. It can be withdrawn to completely leave the circular valve port, and when the cylinder is pushed into the inner cavity of the valve body 1, the cylindrical structure of the restrictor core 2 and the circular valve port structure of the valve body 1 are completely consistent to realize the valve body 1.
  • the inner cavity is separated from the outflow pipe, that is, the valve is completely closed. In this case, the design flow rate is zero, as shown in Figure 3.
  • the flow restrictor 2 is completely separated from the inner cavity of the valve body 1 for a certain distance, the inner cavity of the valve body 1
  • the passage between and the outflow pipe obtains the maximum flow-limiting cross-sectional area, that is, the valve is fully opened and reaches the maximum design flow rate, as shown in Figure 1.
  • the bevel part of the sharp bevel structure of the head of the restrictor core 2 is a symmetrical tangent inner concave surface in the direction of the axis line instead of the conical design of the traditional needle valve.
  • the cross section of the flow control channel formed by this is relatively large during operation.
  • the line segment HA and line segment IB are both aligned with the axis of the limiting core 2
  • the line is parallel, and the straight line that passes through the H point and is perpendicular to the line segment AB intersects the tangent inner concave surface at point G, that is, the line segment HG is perpendicular to the line segment AB, the line passing through the G point and the line where the line segment IB is located perpendicularly intersect at point P, that is, the line segment GP Perpendicular to the line segment IB, line segment HA, and the 2 axis line of the current limiting core, the intersection of the virtual plane ABIH and the tangent inner concave surface is the "symmetrical central curve segment" AGB of the tangent inner concave surface of the application, that is, the tangent inner concave surface With the symmetrical central curve section AGB as the center, the two sides are completely symmetrical on both sides.
  • the acute angle ⁇ of the front end of the sharp structure of the limiting core 2 is the angle between the straight line AB and the axis of the limiting core 2, and 0° ⁇ 90°.
  • the restrictor core 2 is pushed until the distal end point B of the tangential concave surface has entered the inner cavity of the valve body 1, but the proximal end point A has not reached the round shape of the valve body 1.
  • the beveled inner concave surface and the circular valve port of the valve body 1 together form a connection between the inner cavity of the valve body 1 and the outflow pipe, and the cross section is approximately circular or approximately elliptical or partially circular and partially elliptical
  • the cross section of the flow control channel of the shape combination passing through the two points H and G and perpendicular to the line segment AB intersects the tangent inner concave surface, which is the "vertical cross section curve segment" EGF of the tangent inner concave surface of the application, as shown in the figure 5 shown.
  • the radius r value of the inscribed circle of the current-limiting section, or the change function relationship between the advancing distance of the current-limiting core 2 and the real-time flow value can be set according to the requirements of the working conditions while maintaining a relatively large r value.
  • the present application is an innovative flow control and pressure control technical solution that maintains a larger flow control aperture under the same flow rate, which is not only helpful for reducing material passage resistance
  • it can also reduce the interference and component damage caused by uneven materials or impurities on the flow and pressure control conditions, especially when the working surface of the component is damaged.
  • Most of the components also have the advantages of easy processing, low material and precision requirements, and long service life.
  • the technical solution of this application is widely suitable for traditional light and heavy industries, precision/intelligent manufacturing, and construction of micro-particle gates. It has broad application prospects. And huge economic value and social benefits.
  • the acute angle ⁇ of the sharp structure of the current limiting core 2 is often selected between 11° and 71°, that is, the L/D value is approximately between 5.15 and 0.34.
  • Some industrial equipment components are more suitable for use in the range of alpha values between 11° and 30°, that is, the L/D value is about 5.15 to 1.73.
  • Other industries sometimes require a smaller L/D value and use 45
  • the ⁇ value between ° and 56°, that is, the L/D value is approximately in the range of 1 to 0.67.
  • the adjustment device when the value of ⁇ >45°, the adjustment device must at least retract the proximal end A of the tangent inner concave surface of the restrictor core 2 to the point H of the circular valve port of the valve body 1 not less than The diameter of the circular valve port is at or outside the D1 value to ensure that the channel with the theoretical maximum flow control section can be obtained.
  • valve port of the valve body 1 can be designed as the end surface of the inflow pipe with an inclination angle of 0° ⁇ 90°.
  • the center point of the end surface of the inflow pipe is on the axis of the restrictor core 2 and the inner edge of the valve port is oval.
  • the proximal end point of is H point
  • the distal end point is I point.
  • H and I points are on the 2 axis of the restrictor core and pass through the distal point B and the proximal end point of the tangent inner concave surface.
  • the end surface of the flow inlet pipe and the tangent inner concave surface can form a flow restriction channel. Adjusting the value of the inclination angle ⁇ can be combined with the design parameters of the inclined inner concave surface to obtain different flow control effects and curves.
  • the end surface of the aforementioned flow-in pipe can be set with reference to the method of setting the inclined inner concave surface so that the inner edge of the valve port of the valve body 1 is on a virtual inclined concave surface TT, and the inclined concave surface TT and the inclined inner concave surface are the same.
  • the formed flow-limiting channel is bilaterally symmetrical before being completely closed, and the shape of the inner concave surface where the concave elliptical ring is located is the same as the inclined inner concave surface.
  • the symmetrical central curve segment AGB is a part of the parabola, which satisfies:
  • H 1 is the distance from the fifth reference point G to the straight line BI
  • D is the diameter of the limiting core 2
  • L is the projection length of the line segment AB in the axial direction of the limiting core 2
  • L 1 is the second reference point B and the fifth reference point The projection distance of G in the axial direction of the limiting core 2;
  • the tip of the limiting core 2 is provided with a cutting surface, and the cutting surface is perpendicular to the axis of the limiting core 2, and the tip of the limiting core 2 is removed through the cutting surface to make it a plane .
  • the reason is that when best effort control is required, a relatively small ⁇ angle is required, so the restrictor core 2 will be longer, and the tip has no obvious influence on the cross-sectional size of the fluid channel. Therefore, it is removed to save material and facilitate processing. And installation.
  • the tip of the flow limiting core 2 is easily damaged, which affects the overall flow limiting effect, so the tip must also be removed.
  • a relatively small stroke is required, and the tip must also be removed.
  • a hot runner flow control valve that can be used for 3D printing equipment. It is composed of a valve body 1, a flow limiting core 2, and a spiral adjusting device.
  • the valve body 1 has a circular valve port through which 3D printing materials pass when the flow control valve is working.
  • the circular valve port enters the inner cavity of the valve body 1 and is further sent to the printing nozzle, or the inner cavity of the valve body 1 of the flow control valve is directly used to form a hot melt nozzle tube.
  • the restrictor core 2 is a cylinder with a sharp beveled structure at the end pointing to the round valve port of the valve body 1.
  • the bevel on the sharp bevel structure is a side in the direction of the axis of the restrictor core 2 Symmetrically slanted inner concave surface, the center of the circular valve port of valve body 1 is located on the axis of the restrictor core 2, and the inner edge diameter of the circular valve port D1 and the diameter D of the cylindrical part of the restrictor core 2 are both 2mm,
  • Operating the screw adjustment device can limit the restrictor core 2 to only move forward and backward in the axial direction of the restrictor core 2, and the range of motion includes at least the sharp slope structure of the restrictor core 2 through the valve body 1 when advancing. All the ports enter the inner cavity of valve body 1 and exit to completely leave the inner cavity of valve body 1.
  • connection between the distal point B and the proximal end point A of the concavity of the sharp bevel structure of the restrictor core 2 is connected to the axis of the restrictor core 2
  • the angle ⁇ between the center lines is 16°
  • the top end point H of the inner edge of the valve port is cut from the sharp inclined surface structure of the restrictive core 2
  • the line connecting the proximal end point A of the oblique inner concave surface is parallel to the axis line of the limiting core 2 and the connection line between the bottom end point I of the inner edge of the circular valve port of the valve body 1 and the distal end point B of the tangent inner concave surface of the limiting core 2 sharp bevel
  • the straight line is parallel to the 2 axis of the limiting core.
  • the symmetric central curve segment AGB is a part of the parabola, satisfying:
  • H 1 is the distance from the fifth reference point G to the straight line BI
  • D is the diameter of the limiting core 2
  • L is the projection length of the line segment AB in the axial direction of the limiting core 2
  • L 1 is the second reference point B and the fifth reference point The projection distance of G in the axial direction of the limiting core 2;
  • the vertical cross section curve segment EGF is an elliptical arc, which satisfies the ellipse equation:
  • the plane where the ellipse equation is located is the second reference plane; the x-axis of the rectangular coordinate system of the ellipse equation coincides with the straight line HG, and the coordinate origin coincides with the third reference point H; L GH is the length of the line segment HG.
  • the design of the beveled inner concave surface focuses on providing a 3D printing device that has a stable change, a large diameter, and has a certain material cutting function when completely closed, and prevents the valve from drying out. Control flow control pressure valve.
  • a fuel flow control valve for a thermal combustion engine for vehicles which is composed of a valve body 1, a flow limiting core 2, and a spiral adjusting device.
  • the valve body 1 has a circular valve port through which fuel passes when the flow control valve is working. It enters the inner cavity of the valve body 1 and is further transported to the working nozzle, or directly forms the nozzle with the inner cavity of the valve body 1 of the flow control valve.
  • the restrictor core 2 is a cylinder with a sharp beveled structure at the end pointing to the round valve port of the valve body 1.
  • the bevel on the sharp bevel structure is a side in the direction of the axis of the restrictor core 2 Symmetrical slanted inner concave surface, the center of the circular valve port of valve body 1 is located on the axis of the restrictor core 2, and the inner edge diameter of the circular valve port D1 and the diameter D of the cylindrical part of the restrictor core 2 are both 3.8mm ,
  • the operation of the screw adjustment device can limit the restrictor core 2 can only move forward and backward in the axial direction of the restrictor core 2, and the range of motion includes at least the sharp slope structure of the restrictor core 2 can pass through the valve body 1 circle when advancing
  • the valve ports all enter the inner cavity of the valve body 1 and exit to completely leave the inner cavity of the valve body 1.
  • the flow limiting core 2 is connected to the flow limiting core 2 between the distal point B and the proximal end point A of the tangential concave surface of the sharp bevel structure
  • the angle ⁇ between the axis lines is 11°
  • the line connecting the proximal end point A of the tangent inner concave surface is parallel to the axis line of the limiting core 2 and the connection between the bottom end point I of the inner edge of the circular valve port of the valve body 1 and the distal end point B of the tangent inner concave surface of the limiting core 2 sharp inclined surface structure
  • the line where the line is located is parallel to the 2 axis line of the limiting core.
  • the vertical cross section curve segment EGF is an elliptical arc, which satisfies the ellipse equation:
  • the plane where the ellipse equation is located is the second reference plane; the x-axis of the rectangular coordinate system of the ellipse equation coincides with the straight line HG, and the coordinate origin coincides with the third reference point H; L GH is the length of the line segment HG.
  • the design of the inclined inner concave surface focuses on providing a targeted and beneficial effect such as long engineering and obvious mid-section changes.
  • the technical solution of the present application is suitable for various working conditions, and can reduce the problems caused by dust clogging the air valve, dirt clogging the steam valve, fouling and impurities affecting the gasoline pump inlet and outlet valves and the carburetor needle valve working conditions, and the improvement is obvious. .
  • a flow control valve for a hydraulic device which is composed of a valve body 1, a flow limiting core 2, and a spiral adjusting device.
  • the valve body 1 has a circular valve port through which hydraulic oil can enter and exit back and forth when the flow control valve is working.
  • the restrictor core 2 is a cylinder with a sharp beveled structure at the end pointing to the round valve port of the valve body 1.
  • the bevel on the sharp bevel structure is a side in the direction of the axis of the restrictor core 2 Symmetrical slanted inner concave surface, the center of the circular valve port of valve body 1 is located on the axis of the restrictor core 2, and the diameter D1 of the inner edge of the circular valve port and the diameter D of the cylindrical part of the restrictor core 2 are both 96.52mm ,
  • the operation of the screw adjustment device can limit the restrictor core 2 can only move forward and backward in the axial direction of the restrictor core 2, and the range of motion includes at least the sharp slope structure of the restrictor core 2 can pass through the valve body 1 circle when advancing
  • the valve port fully enters the inner cavity of valve body 1, and when it exits, the distal end point B of the tangential concave surface of the sharp bevel structure of the flow limiting core 2 completely leaves the inner cavity of valve body 1 to a distance of 96.52 from the top end H of the inner edge of the circular valve port of valve body 1.
  • the angle ⁇ between the line connecting the distal point B and the proximal end point A of the tangent inner concave surface of the sharp inclined surface structure of the limiting core 2 and the axis of the limiting core 2 is 71°, and the limiting core 2
  • the length of the sharp inclined surface structure on the axis line L D/tan ⁇ 15.29mm, the line connecting the top end point H of the inner edge of the valve port and the proximal end point A of the tangent inner concave surface of the sharp inclined surface structure and the limiting core 2 axis
  • the center line is parallel, and the line connecting the bottom end point I of the inner edge of the circular valve port of the valve body 1 and the distal end point B of the tangent inner concave surface of the limiting core 2 with the sharp inclined surface structure is parallel to the axis line of the limiting core 2.
  • the design of the inclined inner concave surface focuses on providing a hydraulic device flow control pressure valve with low process change requirements and rapid transmission of fluid pressure.
  • the high precision required for hydraulic system components is one of the reasons for the high cost of components compared to other transmission methods.
  • Hydraulic oil resistance is one of the main reasons that hydraulic equipment cannot guarantee a strict transmission ratio. Hydraulic oil pollution will affect the response sensitivity of traditional flow control and pressure control components.
  • the technical solution of the present application can bring about more stable transmission ratio, low resistance loss, low component cost, and improved work efficiency.
  • a flow control and pressure control valve for oil wells in an oil field which is composed of a valve body 1, a flow limiting core 2, and a spiral adjusting device.
  • the valve body 1 has a circular valve port through which oil and gas enter the valve when the flow control valve works
  • the inner cavity of the body 1 is further transported to upstream and downstream related equipment.
  • the restrictor core 2 is a cylinder with a sharp beveled structure at the end pointing to the round valve port of the valve body 1.
  • the bevel on the sharp bevel structure is a side in the direction of the axis of the restrictor core 2 Symmetrical slanted inner concave surface, the center of the circular valve port of valve body 1 is located on the axis line of the restrictor core 2, and the diameter D1 of the inner edge of the circular valve port and the diameter D of the cylindrical part of the restrictor core 2 are both 600mm, operation
  • the spiral adjustment device can limit the restrictor core 2 to only move forward and backward in the axial direction of the restrictor core 2, and the range of motion includes at least the sharp slope structure of the restrictor core 2 through the circular valve port of the valve body 1 when advancing Fully enters the inner cavity of valve body 1 and exits the distal point B of the tangential concave surface of the flow-limiting core 2 with the sharp bevel structure completely leaves the inner cavity of the valve body 1, and the distal point of the tangent concave surface of the flow-limiting core 2 with the sharp bevel structure
  • the vertical cross section curve segment EGF is an elliptical arc, which satisfies the ellipse equation:
  • the plane of the ellipse equation is the second reference plane; the x-axis of the rectangular coordinate system of the ellipse equation coincides with the straight line HG, and the coordinate origin coincides with the third reference point H; D is the diameter of the current limiting core 2 and L GH is the length of the line segment HG.
  • the design of the tangent inner concave surface focuses on providing a targeted beneficial effect such as a relatively large inscribed circle of the flow-limiting section and a diversion angle that facilitates the removal of corrosive fluids, sand and gravel and other impurities.
  • Oil field oil well control flow control valve is a targeted beneficial effect such as a relatively large inscribed circle of the flow-limiting section and a diversion angle that facilitates the removal of corrosive fluids, sand and gravel and other impurities.
  • Valves are an important part of oil and gas field facilities. Especially for gathering and transportation systems, valves are more widely used. At present, the oil field enters the high water-cut development period, and the high water-cut corrosion of the valve is becoming more and more serious. Therefore, the valve often sees leakage and oil mixing. In short, only the extremely difficult to deal with caused by various flow control and pressure control equipment The problem of sludge incremental pollution is very serious. However, some parts that are designed with gate valves such as barrier valves and tank front valves are also very common due to poor working conditions, easy corrosion and difficult maintenance, and poor closure, resulting in infiltration.
  • the oil and gas field adopts the technical solution of this application because of its design advantages that the restrictor core 2 and the valve body 1 can be closed and the working surface has less impact on the flow control effect, and has outstanding corrosion Tolerance.
  • a flow control funnel device for crushed ore which is composed of a funnel, a limiting core 2, and an adjustment device.
  • the funnel is in the shape of an inverted cone.
  • the crushed ore passes through the circular valve when the funnel device is working. Leakage into the downstream related equipment.
  • the restrictor core 2 is a cylinder with a sharp bevel structure pointing from the bottom to the top of the funnel, and the end has a sharp bevel structure.
  • the bevel on the sharp bevel structure is an axis with the restrictor core 2
  • the line projection line segment is the symmetrical tangent inner concave surface of the center line.
  • the center of the funnel circular valve port is on the axis of the restrictor core 2 and the inner edge diameter of the circular valve port is D1 and the diameter D of the cylinder part of the restrictor core 2 Both are 300mm.
  • the operation of the spiral adjustment device can limit the flow limiting core 2 to only move forward and backward in the axial direction of the flow limiting core 2, and the range of motion includes at least the sharp slope structure of the flow limiting core 2 through the funnel circle when advancing.
  • the valve port is all upwardly inserted into the funnel carrying part, and when exiting, the distal end point B of the tangent inner concave surface of the current limiting core 2 sharp bevel structure completely leaves below the circular valve port of the funnel, and the current limiting core 2 is inside the tangent angle of the sharp bevel structure
  • the angle ⁇ between the line connecting the distal point B and the proximal end point A of the concave surface and the axis of the limiting core 2 is 45°
  • the line between the top end point H of the inner edge of the valve port and the proximal end point A of the tangent inner concave surface of the sharp inclined surface structure of the restrictor core 2 is parallel to the axis line of the restrictor core 2, and the bottom end point I of the inner edge of the funnel circular valve port is with the restrictor
  • the vertical cross section curve segment EGF is an elliptical arc, which satisfies the ellipse equation:
  • the plane of the ellipse equation is the second reference plane; the x-axis of the rectangular coordinate system of the ellipse equation coincides with the straight line HG, and the coordinate origin coincides with the third reference point H; D is the diameter of the current limiting core 2 and L GH is the length of the line segment HG.
  • the design of the oblique inner concave surface focuses on providing a relatively large inscribed circle of the flow-limiting section and is not susceptible to jamming of crushed ore, and this embodiment is particularly designed to bear hard materials on the working surface
  • This embodiment is particularly designed to bear hard materials on the working surface
  • An air flow water valve for reservoir flood discharge and rural irrigation is composed of a valve body 1, a flow limiting core 2, and a spiral adjusting device.
  • the valve body 1 has a round valve port through which water can flow when the air flow water valve is working.
  • the port enters the inner cavity of the valve body 1 and further flows downward.
  • the restrictor core 2 is a cylinder with a sharp beveled structure at the end pointing to the round valve port of the valve body 1.
  • the bevel on the sharp bevel structure is a side in the direction of the axis of the restrictor core 2 Symmetrical slanted inner concave surface, the center of the circular valve port of valve body 1 is located on the axis of the restrictor core 2, and the diameter D1 of the inner edge of the circular valve port and the diameter D of the cylindrical part of the restrictor core 2 are both 500mm.
  • the spiral adjustment device can limit the restrictor core 2 to only move forward and backward in the axial direction of the restrictor core 2, and the range of motion includes at least the sharp slope structure of the restrictor core 2 through the circular valve port of the valve body 1 when advancing Fully enters the inner cavity of valve body 1 and exits the distal point B of the tangential concave surface of the flow-limiting core 2 with the sharp bevel structure completely leaves the inner cavity of the valve body 1, and the distal point of the tangent concave surface of the flow-limiting core 2 with the sharp bevel structure
  • the angle ⁇ between the line between B and the proximal end point A and the axis of the limiting core 2 is 56°.
  • the connection line between the top end point H of the inner edge of the mouth and the proximal end point A of the tangent inner concave surface of the sharp inclined surface structure of the limiting core 2 is parallel to the axis of the limiting core 2, and the bottom end point I of the inner edge of the circular valve port of the valve body 1 and the limiting core 2
  • the straight line connecting the distal point B of the tangent inner concave surface of the sharp bevel structure is parallel to the axis line of the limiting core 2.
  • the design of the inclined inner concave surface focuses on providing a diversion angle to facilitate the removal of fluid and sand and gravel debris, and is not interfered by rivers and tourism debris, and is closed down and energy-saving. Effective flood discharge and irrigation flow control valve.
  • the present application is not only suitable for 3D printing equipment, laser/inkjet printers, minimally invasive surgical instrument flow control applications and other miniature precision flow control components, but also suitable for materials in industrial production equipment in printing and dyeing, spraying, injection molding and other industries It can also be the flow control components in the long-term closed fouling passage such as hydraulic transmission, fuel injection, gas/liquid purification pipelines, or large petrochemical or industrial and mining machinery and equipment such as crude oil/heavy oil/petrochemical product transportation and sub-assembly control Scenarios such as the sub-packing of ore powder after ball milling, blast furnace coal injection control, and the sub-packing of cement production raw materials and finished products.
  • force field obstacles or boosting methods can also be set to form an openable or partially openable or partially openable based on the technical principles of this application.
  • Fully closed flow control valve port the effective channel section of the flow control valve port has the largest inscribed circle radius value.
  • the flow control channel with the smallest ratio of "channel cross-sectional area/inscribed circle radius" is designed under the same flow parameters.
  • a flow control ball valve includes: a valve body 1, a flow limiting core 2 and an adjustment device 3;
  • the valve body 1 is a spherical shell, and is provided with a shell passage with an elliptical cross section passing through; the axis of the shell passage passes through the center of the spherical shell;
  • the restrictor core 2 is a spherical core, and is provided with a core channel with an elliptical cross section passing through; the axis of the core channel passes through the center of the spherical core; the shell channel and the core channel have the same cross-sectional shape and size, which can form an elliptical fluid channel
  • the long axis of the cross section of the elliptical fluid channel and the axis of the elliptical fluid channel form a reference plane; the adjusting device 3 can drive the restrictor core 2 to rotate around a reference axis, which is an axis that passes through the center of the sphere and is perpendicular to the reference plane.
  • the valve body 1 has an opening on both the vertical top and horizontally symmetrical sides.
  • the restrictor core 2 is closely attached to the inner cavity of the valve body 1, and there is a horizontal channel inside the restrictor core 2.
  • the rotary adjustment device passes through the top opening of the valve body 1 and restricts the flow.
  • the core 2 is connected and can control the horizontal rotation of the restrictor core 2 to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise.
  • the adjustment device can make the openings at both ends of the internal horizontal passage of the restrictor core 2 and the horizontally symmetrical openings on both sides of the valve body 1 have the shape, size and position Completely match to form a maximum flow path.
  • the cross section of the horizontal channel inside the restrictor core 2 is elliptical, and the vertical projection of the curved surface at the two ends of the opening edges of the inner horizontal channel inside the restrictor core 2 affected by the spherical surface is also an ellipse consistent with its cross section.
  • the inscribed circle radius of the smallest flow control section under the same flow control section area is larger than that of the double half moon of the traditional ball valve.
  • the cross-sectional ellipse of the elliptical fluid channel has the same shape as the reference ellipse
  • the working section of the technical solution of this application is approximately circular or approximately elliptical, or a combination of partial circle and partial ellipse. Therefore, the diameter of the material or impurity particles that the technical solution of this application can pass through under the same cross-sectional area is the prior art 2-10 times, so it can reduce the interference of impurities and fouling on the working condition of the device and reduce the loss of the device.
  • the special flow control working surface design of the flow control core of the technical solution of this application can appropriately reduce the manufacturing process accuracy requirements of the device, and at the same time, the thermal coefficient of the material of the key components and the low wear resistance requirements are all effective. Reduce the manufacturing cost of the device. Therefore, this application is an innovative technical solution for anti-interference flow control that is applicable to a wide range of industries, less material restrictions, low manufacturing and operating costs, and good operational stability.

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Abstract

一种控流控压装置，属于流量控制或液压传导领域，解决现有流量控制阀的通道截面内切圆半径小，不利于非均质流体或粘性流体控流、传压的问题。控流控压装置包括：阀体（1）、限流芯（2）和调教装置（3）；阀体（1）包括：流出管、过渡腔和横截面为圆形或椭圆形的流进管；限流芯（2）能够完全插入流进管内，并阻塞流进管的流体通路；限流芯（2）的端部设有倾斜内凹面；调教装置（3）用于调整限流芯（2）插入流进管的深度。该控流控压装置的工作截面近似圆形或近似椭圆形或部分圆形与部分椭圆形组合，在相同的通过截面积的情形下，可以通过的物料颗粒直径至少是现有技术的2-10倍，能减少杂质和积垢对装置的工作状况的干扰、降低能耗、减轻装置损耗。

Description

一种控流控压装置 技术领域
本申请涉及流量控制和液压传导技术领域，尤其涉及一种控流控压装置。
背景技术
针对各种固体、液体、气体流质，在现有技术中物料通过时流量或流速的控制装置多为球阀、针阀或门阀等，传统球阀接通时控流部位通道截面呈长高比可增减的橄榄形、开至最大为圆形，传统针阀接通时控流部位通道截面呈环宽可增减的圆环形、开至最大为圆形，据此调整通道实时截面积大小而实现控制流量及流速的技术目的，门阀利用活动门页开闭幅度变化增减物料可通过的扇形截面积大小从而实现控流控速。
从设计原理上看，现有技术各类控流阀的环形、扇形或橄榄形限流截面设计都存在控流截面内切圆直径与实时截面面积比值较低的特点，这在粘度高、管径小的工况下会增加流动阻力(如小管径输送高粘度流质等情形)导致降效增耗，同时也会因通过物存在粒径差异较大(如粗磨粉碎的矿石)、或非均匀流质(如伴砂石泥浆的原油抽送)、或偶发大粒径杂质(如液压管路掉屑或热燃机燃油/润滑油回路杂质积垢积碳、喷涂原料干结沉积掉屑、液气杂质等)等影响设备设施的精度、容错能力和控流稳定性，特别是在流量值较小阶段或全程高精度控流的情形下，如喷涂作业中往往因此无法得到更佳精细度。现有技术面对的难题还包括微量控流技术需求与设计极限、材料及加工成本、耐用度、便捷性矛盾的问题，一些小型设备甚至因该类部件故障(如喷墨打印机墨汁干结堵塞)而报废。
因此，一种更精准流控、有效抵御物料不匀、自身阻力干扰或创损耐受度高的技术方案，在各行各业生产应用中都具有极大的现实价值。
发明内容
鉴于上述的分析，本申请旨在提供一种控流控压装置，用以解决现有流量控制阀的通道截面内切圆半径小，不利于非均质流体或粘性流体控流和传压的问题。
本申请的目的主要是通过以下技术方案实现的：
本申请技术方案中，一种控流控压装置，控流控压装置包括：阀体、限流芯和调 教装置；
阀体包括：流出管、过渡腔和横截面为圆形或椭圆形的流进管；限流芯能够完全插入流进管内，并阻塞流进管的流体通路；限流芯的端部设有倾斜内凹面；调教装置用于调整限流芯插入流进管的深度。
本申请技术方案中，倾斜内凹面关于第一参照面对称，第一参照面为阀体的纵剖对称面；倾斜内凹面的边缘与第一参照面相交于第一参照点A和第二参照点B，第一参照点A为倾斜内凹面最后插入流进管的点，第二参照点B为倾斜内凹面最先插入流进管的点；
流进管的内壁端面内缘与第一参照面相交于第三参照点H和第四参照点I；第三参照点H能够与第一参照点A重合，第四参照点I能够与第二参照点B重合。
本申请技术方案中，第一参照点A和第二参照点B的连线线段AB与流进管的轴线的流体流动方向的夹角α大于0°且小于90°；
第三参照点H和第四参照点I的连线HI与流进管的轴线的流体流动方向的夹角β大于0°且小于等于90°。
本申请技术方案中，在第一参照面上，经过第三参照点H且与线段AB垂直的直线与倾斜内凹面相交于第五参照点G；
第一参照面与倾斜内凹面相交于曲线段AGB，曲线段AGB为内凹曲线；
经过第三参照点H且与线段AB垂直的第二参照面与倾斜内凹面的边缘相交于第六参照点E和第七参照点F；第二参照面与切斜内凹面相交于曲线段EGF，曲线段EGF为内凹曲线。
本申请技术方案中，曲线段AGB为圆弧；
当夹角α满足：0°＜α≤30°，曲线段AGB的半径R满足：R＝D/(1-cos2α)，D为限流芯直径；
当夹角α满足：30°＜α＜90°，曲线段AGB的半径R满足：R＝L AB，L AB为线段AB的长度。
本申请技术方案中，曲线段AGB为抛物线的一部分，满足：
Figure PCTCN2020092394-appb-000001
H 1为第五参照点G到直线BI的距离，D为限流芯直径，L为线段AB在限流芯轴线方向投影的长度，L 1为第二参照点B和第五参照点G在限流芯轴线方向投影的距离。
本申请技术方案中，曲线段EGF为椭圆弧，且关于椭圆长轴对称，满足椭圆方程：
4x 2/D 2+y 2/L GH 2＝1；
椭圆方程所在平面为第二参照面；椭圆方程的直角坐标系的x轴与直线HG重合，坐标原点与第三参照点H重合；D为限流芯直径，L GH为线段HG的长度。
本申请技术方案中，曲线段EGF为圆弧，圆弧半径R满足：R＝L GH，L GH为线段HG的长度。
本申请技术方案中，控流控压装置为3D打印设备热流道控流阀；
曲线段AGB为抛物线的一部分，满足：
Figure PCTCN2020092394-appb-000002
H 1为第五参照点G到直线BI的距离，D为限流芯直径，L为线段AB在限流芯轴线方向投影的长度，L 1为第二参照点B和第五参照点G在限流芯轴线方向投影的距离；
曲线段EGF为椭圆弧，满足椭圆方程：
4x 2/D 2+y 2/L GH 2＝1；
椭圆方程所在平面为第二参照面；椭圆方程的直角坐标系的x轴与直线HG重合，坐标原点与第三参照点H重合；L GH为线段HG的长度。
本申请技术方案中，控流控压装置为车用热燃机燃油控流阀；
曲线段AGB为圆弧，半径R满足：R＝D/(1-cos2α)，D为限流芯直径；
曲线段EGF为椭圆弧，满足椭圆方程：
4x 2/D 2+y 2/L GH 2＝1；
椭圆方程所在平面为第二参照面；椭圆方程的直角坐标系的x轴与直线HG重合，坐标原点与第三参照点H重合；L GH为线段HG的长度。
本申请技术方案中，控流控压装置为液压装置控流控压阀；
曲线段AGB为圆弧，半径R满足：R＝L AB，L AB为线段AB的长度；
曲线段EGF为圆弧，圆弧半径R满足：R＝L GH，L GH为线段HG的长度。
本申请技术方案中，控流控压装置为油田油井控流控压阀；
曲线段AGB为圆弧，半径R满足：R＝L AB，L AB为线段AB的长度；
曲线段EGF为椭圆弧，满足椭圆方程：
4x 2/D 2+y 2/L GH 2＝1；
椭圆方程所在平面为第二参照面；椭圆方程的直角坐标系的x轴与直线HG重合，坐标原点与第三参照点H重合；D为限流芯直径，L GH为线段HG的长度。
本申请技术方案中，控流控压装置为砂石控流漏斗；
曲线段AGB为圆弧，半径R满足：R＝L AB，L AB为线段AB的长度；
曲线段EGF为椭圆弧，满足椭圆方程：
4x 2/D 2+y 2/L GH 2＝1；
椭圆方程所在平面为第二参照面；椭圆方程的直角坐标系的x轴与直线HG重合，坐标原点与第三参照点H重合；D为限流芯直径，L GH为线段HG的长度。
本申请技术方案中，控流控压装置为控流水闸；
曲线段AGB为圆弧，半径R满足：R＝L AB，L AB为线段AB的长度；
曲线段EGF为圆弧，圆弧半径R满足：R＝L GH，L GH为线段HG的长度。
本申请技术方案中，夹角β大于0°且小于90°，流进管的端面为平面椭圆环，且流进管的轴线穿过椭圆环的中心。
本申请技术方案中，夹角β大于0°且小于90°，流进管的端面为内凹椭圆环，且流进管的轴线穿过椭圆环的中心。
本申请技术方案中，内凹椭圆环所在的内凹面形状与倾斜内凹面相同，且曲线段AGB为抛物线的一部分，满足：
Figure PCTCN2020092394-appb-000003
H 1为第五参照点G到直线BI的距离，D为限流芯直径，L为线段AB在限流芯轴线方向投影的长度，L 1为第二参照点B和第五参照点G在限流芯轴线方向投影的距离；
曲线段EGF为圆弧，圆弧半径R满足：R＝L GH，L GH为线段HG的长度。
本申请技术方案中，限流芯的尖端设有切削面，切削面与限流芯的轴线垂直。
本申请技术方案中，一种流量控制球阀，流量控制球阀包括：阀体、限流芯和调教装置；
阀体为球形壳体，且设有贯穿的横截面为椭圆形的壳体通道；壳体通道的轴线经过球形壳体的球心；
限流芯为球形芯，且设有贯穿的横截面为椭圆形的芯通道；芯通道的轴线经过球 形芯的球心；
壳体通道和芯通道横截面形状尺寸相同，能够形成椭圆流体通道；椭圆流体通道的横截面椭圆的长轴与椭圆流体通道的轴线形成参照面；调教装置能够驱动限流芯绕参照轴线转动，参照轴线为过球心且与参照面垂直的轴线。
本申请技术方案中，椭圆流体通道的横截面椭圆与参照椭圆的形状相同；
参照椭圆满足方程：
x 2/4+y 2＝1。
本申请技术方案至少能够实现以下效果之一：
本申请技术方案的工作截面近似圆形或近似椭圆形或部分圆形与部分椭圆形组合，在相同的通过截面积的情形下本申请技术方案可以通过的物料(或杂质)颗粒直径是现有技术的2-10倍，因此能减少杂质和积垢对装置的工作状况的干扰、减轻装置损耗。同样原理，本申请技术方案的流量控制芯特殊的流量控制工作面设计可适当降低装置的制造工艺精度要求，同时对关键部件的材料的热变系数、抗磨损要求均较低，这都能有效减低装置的制造成本。因此本申请是适用行业广泛、物料限制少、制造及运营成本低廉、运行稳定性好的抗干扰控流创新技术方案。
本申请中，上述各技术方案之间还可以相互组合，以实现更多的优选组合方案。本申请的其他特征和优点将在随后的说明书中阐述，并且，部分优点可从说明书中变得显而易见，或者通过实施本申请而了解。本申请的目的和其他优点可通过说明书、权利要求书以及附图中所特别指出的内容中来实现和获得。
附图说明
附图仅用于示出具体实施例的目的，而并不认为是对本申请的限制，在整个附图中，相同的参考符号表示相同的部件。
图1为本申请实施例的结构示意图；
图2-1为本申请实施例曲线段AGB限定为ii情形的示意图；
图2-2为本申请实施例曲线段AGB限定为i情形的示意图；
图3为本申请实施例限流芯插入阀体的示意图；
图4-1为本申请实施例曲线段EGF限定为II情形的示意图；
图4-2为本申请实施例曲线段EGF限定为I情形的示意图；
图5为本申请实施例的参照点位置示意图；
图6为本申请实施例曲线段EGF限定为I情形的坐标系示意图；
图7为本申请实施例夹角β大于0°且小于等于90°的示意图；
图8为本申请实施例切削面的示意图；
图9为本申请实施例为球阀的示意图；
图10为本申请实施例为碎矿石控流漏斗装置的示意图；
附图标记：
1-阀体；2-限流芯；3-调教装置。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图来具体描述本申请的优选实施例，其中，附图构成本申请一部分，并与本申请的实施例一起用于阐释本申请的原理，并非用于限定本申请的范围。
本申请提供一种优于现有技术设计的技术解决方案，该技术方案是以同等工况下提供较大至最大的控流管径的技术手段，降低流体阻力及减少卡塞风险，从而在更低能耗、更高效率同时获得更高的控流稳定性和精度的基础技术方案，本申请在有效减少通过物对流量控制装置调控精度干扰同时，还兼有部件磨损率低、使用寿命更长的优点，是适合包括但不限于工矿、石化燃气、锻造、3D打印、材料喷注、医美养生、智能机器人制造、工业设备制造等诸多领域的基础技术，是对包括细胞、药物分子团等各领域物料传输控流控压过程中的粘度、均匀度、纯度等干扰因素的容错空间更大、更利于流量及压力稳定的流量流速控制方法及系列应用装置。此外，在微观粒子领域应用中，还可以参照宏观技术应用方案，通过特定方向力场组合、在特定空间位置构建粒子通道及闸阀，实现与宏观流控效果相当的技术效果。应用本申请技术方案的产品具有结构简单可靠、所需材料及制造工艺无增加特殊要求、对设备磨损及局部缺损的适应性很高等优点，广泛适于各行各业生产应用，可产生巨大的经济价值。
本申请技术方案的流量控制方法的原理是：在以调整控流通道截面面积的方式控制单位时间内可通过的物料或流体的数量的方案中，尽可能维持一个近似圆形或焦点较为接近的椭圆形的控流通道，以持续地获得较大乃至最大的限流截面的内切圆的半径r值，即在相同控流截面积的情形下尽可能保持能通过较大或最大圆球体的控流通道。具体实施装置中，设定控流阀口在工作过程中控流截面形态变化的数学程式，能为流质通过提供较好的低阻、容错通道，从而实现增效降耗，以及对抗干扰、精准控流控压的技术效果。
针对传统的针阀，本申请实施例提供了一种控流控压装置，控流控压装置包括：阀体1、限流芯2和调教装置3；阀体1是横截面为圆形或椭圆形的弯折管或其他腔体，包括横截面为圆形或椭圆形流进管、流出管和连接流进管和流出管的过渡腔；限流芯2从弯折部插入流进管；限流芯2能够插入流进管内，限流芯的端部设有倾斜内凹面，且倾斜内凹面朝向流出管；调教装置3用于调整限流芯2插入流进管的深度，且限流芯不会旋转，只能通过调教装置3平动；当限流芯2完全插入流入管时，流入管的流体通路被限流芯2阻断。现有的针阀都采用圆锥尖端，在控制流量时，流体通道为环形，在相同流量的情况下，环形结构能够允许通过的最小颗粒直径最小，本申请实施例将圆锥形改进为斜面，形成弓形的流体通道，增加了内切圆的半径，为了进一步提高流体通道内切圆半径，本申请实施例将斜面进一步改进为内凹斜面，使得流体通道的截面为圆弧、椭圆弧等外凸曲线形成的复杂形状，最大限度的增加内切圆半径，当进行含颗粒物流体控制，例如混凝土的水泥砂浆，可以防止颗粒物卡住限流芯2，当进行粘性流体控制，例如油漆、甘油、沥青等，可以防止流体因高粘性在小尺寸通道处流速减慢。
为了方便说明，本申请实施例中限定了多个虚拟面、虚拟直线和虚拟点。
倾斜内凹面关于第一参照面对称，第一参照面为阀体1的纵剖对称面。
倾斜内凹面的边缘与第一参照面相交于第一参照点A和第二参照点B，第一参照点A为倾斜内凹面上最后插入流进管的点，第二参照点B为倾斜内凹面上最先插入流进管的点。
流进管的内壁端面内缘与第一参照面相交于第三参照点H和第四参照点I；第三参照点H能够与第一参照点A重合，第四参照点I能够与第二参照点B重合。
在第一参照面上，过第三参照点H且与线段AB垂直的直线，与倾斜内凹面相交于第五参照点G；第一参照面与倾斜内凹面相较于对称中心曲线段AGB，对称中心曲线段AGB为内凹曲线。
经过第三参照点H且与线段AB垂直的第二参照面，与倾斜内凹面的边缘相较于第六参照点E和第七参照点F；第二参照面与切斜内凹面相交于垂直面横截曲线段EGF，垂直面横截曲线段EGF为内凹曲线。
第一参照点A和第二参照点B的连线线段AB与流进管的轴线的流体流动方向的夹角α大于0°且小于90°，保证限流芯2的尖端为倾斜面，具体的角度不做限制， 当需要小行程时，可以增大夹角α，当需要精确控制时，可以减小夹角α。
第三参照点H和第四参照点I的连线HI与流进管的轴线的流体流动方向的夹角β大于0°且小于等于90°；当夹角β小于90°时，流进管的端面朝向流出管。流进管的端面可以与流进管的轴线垂直，也可倾斜，但倾斜时，端面朝向流出管倾斜，以保证流体能够顺利流出。
本申请为了尽可能的增加流体通道的内切圆半径，对对称中心曲线段AGB进行了如下限定：
I、如图6所示，对称中心曲线段AGB为圆弧；
i、当夹角α满足：0°＜α≤30°，对称中心曲线段AGB的半径R满足：R＝D/(1-cos2α)，D为限流芯2直径；
ii、当夹角α满足：30°＜α＜90°，对称中心曲线段AGB的半径R满足：R＝L AB，L AB为线段AB的长度。
II、对称中心曲线段AGB为抛物线的一部分，满足：
Figure PCTCN2020092394-appb-000004
H 1为第五参照点G到直线BI的距离，D为限流芯2直径，L为线段AB在限流芯2轴线方向投影的长度，L 1为第二参照点B和第五参照点G在限流芯2轴线方向投影的距离。
同样为了尽可能的增加流体通道的内切圆半径，本申请实施例也对垂直面横截曲线段EGF进行了限定：
I、垂直面横截曲线段EGF为椭圆弧，满足椭圆方程：
4x 2/D 2+y 2/L GH 2＝1；
椭圆方程所在平面为第二参照面；椭圆方程的直角坐标系的x轴与直线HG重合，坐标原点与第三参照点H重合；D为限流芯2直径，L GH为线段HG的长度。
II、垂直面横截曲线段EGF为圆弧，圆弧半径R满足：R＝L GH，L GH为线段HG的长度。
在设计匹配切斜内凹面的曲面时可以考虑一些几何函数特点的因素，对称中心曲线段AGB采用II方案可获得限流芯2进退距离与控流截面面积近似正相关的线性变化关系，且在整个限流芯2尖锐斜面结构的切斜内凹面边缘、特别是近端点A部位能 与阀体1圆形阀口内缘契合产生切割效果，因此不易出现传统针阀环状截流面被物料卡塞影响针阀闭合的情形，在对抗易碎、高粘度等不匀物或杂质干扰时本申请技术方案的效果更加突出；采用垂直面横截曲线段EGF为I方案可在限流芯2推进较多、控流截面较小阶段得到较大的HG值，这带来获得较大的控流截面内切圆半径的设计空间。
控流装置由阀体1、限流芯2、调校装置组成，阀体1上有一圆形阀口，装置工作时可限定物料仅可经圆形阀口在限流芯2所在流出管与阀体1内腔之间通过，阀体1内腔和/或流出管根据物料传输需求与分别其它空间相连。如图2-1、2-2所示，限流芯2为指向阀体1圆形阀口一端带有一个尖锐斜面结构，的圆柱体、该尖锐斜面结构在限流芯2的轴心线上的长度为L，阀体1圆形阀口的圆心位于限流芯2的轴心线上、且其内缘直径D1与限流芯2圆柱体直径D相等，操作调校装置可限定限流芯2在限流芯2轴心线方向上进退运动，并且至少可以将限流芯2的尖锐斜面结构整体和部分圆柱体结构经阀体1圆形阀口进入阀体1内腔、也可以将其退出至完全离开圆形阀口，在推进至圆柱体进入阀体1内腔时、限流芯2的圆柱体结构与阀体1的圆形阀口结构完全吻合从而实现阀体1内腔与流出管隔断，即阀门完全关闭、此情形下设计流量为零，如图3所示，反之若退出至限流芯2整体离开阀体1内腔一定距离后、阀体1内腔与流出管之间的通路获得最大限流截面积，即阀门全开、达到设计流量最大值，如图1所示。限流芯2头部的尖锐斜面结构的斜面部分是一个在轴心线方向上左右对称的切斜内凹面而不是传统针阀的圆锥体设计，工作时由此形成的控流通道横截面较近似圆形或近似椭圆形或部分圆形与部分椭圆形组合而不是传统针阀的圆环状，在限流芯2轴心线上且经过切斜内凹面的远端点B及近端点A的虚拟平面ABIH与阀体1圆形阀口内缘相交点分别为H点和离切斜内凹面的远端点B较近的I点，线段HA和线段IB均与限流芯2轴心线平行，经过H点垂直于线段AB的直线与切斜内凹面相交于G点，即线段HG垂直于线段AB，经过G点的直线与线段IB所在直线的垂直相交于P点，即线段GP垂直于线段IB、线段HA和限流芯2轴心线，虚拟平面ABIH与切斜内凹面的相交部分是本申请的切斜内凹面曲面的“对称中心曲线段”AGB，即切斜内凹面以对称中心曲线段AGB为中心完全两侧立体对称，限流芯2的尖锐结构前端锐角α为直线段AB与限流芯2轴心线的夹角，且0°<α<90°。如图4-1、4-2所示，在操作调校装置推进限流芯2至切斜内凹面远端点B已进入阀体1内腔但近端点A未到达阀体1圆形阀口所在平面的情形下，切斜内凹面与阀体1圆形阀口共同形 成一个连接阀体1内腔和流出管、横截面呈近似圆形或近似椭圆形或部分圆形与部分椭圆形组合的控流通道，经过H、G两点并垂直于线段AB的控流截面与切斜内凹面相交部分是本申请切斜内凹面曲面的“垂直面横截曲线段”EGF，如图5所示。选择不同函数程式定义的限流芯2的切斜内凹面的对称中心曲线段AGB和垂直面横截曲线段EGF可获得不同曲面的切斜内凹面，从而获得各流量值中持续较大或最大的限流截面的内切圆的半径r值，或在保持相对较大r值的同时根据工况需要设定限流芯2推进距离与实时流量值之间的变化函数关系。
以上参照针阀构造展示本申请控流技术方案，与现有技术相比，本申请是在相同流量情形下保持较大控流口径的创新控流控压技术方案，除有利于降低物料通过阻力而增效降耗外，更可减少不均匀物料或杂质对控流控压工况造成的干扰和部件损害，特别是在部件工作面受损的情形下影响较小，根据本申请技术原理制作的部件还大多具有易于加工、材质和精度要求低及使用寿命长等优点，本申请技术方案广泛适于传统轻重工业、精密/智能制造、构建微观粒子闸门等全领域应用，具有广阔的应用前景和巨大的经济价值及社会效益。
由于获得理论上持续最大r值需要限流芯2尖锐结构的锐角α接近0°导致对称中心曲线段AGB长度不符合现实应用，现实中切斜内凹面曲面的设计受限于工况允许的L、D和α值范围。
除一些特殊装置外，根据渐进操作的需要，限流芯2尖锐结构的锐角α常在11°至71°之间选定数值，即L/D值大约在5.15～0.34区间。有些产业设备部件较多适于采用的α值为11°至30°之间数值范围，即L/D值大约在5.15～1.73区间，另一些行业有时会需要较小L/D值而采用45°至56°之间的α值，即L/D值大约在1～0.67区间，配合不同函数方程式定义对称中心曲线段AGB和EGF后，可实现各种符合相关生产操作需要的低阻、抗扰精密控流效果。需要指出的是，在α值>45°时，调校装置需至少能将限流芯2的切斜内凹面近端点A退至与阀体1圆形阀口H点之间距离不小于圆形阀口直径D1值位置或以外，才能确保获得理论上最大控流截面的通道。
进一步还可以将阀体1阀口设计成倾角0°<β<90°的流进管的端面，流进管的端面的中心点在限流芯2轴心线上，阀口椭圆型内缘的近端点为H点、远端点为I点，如图7所示，H点和I点在限流芯2轴心线上且经过切斜内凹面的远端点B及近端点A的虚拟平面ABIH上，参照前述方程式设定方法确定切斜内凹面的曲面后，流 进管的端面与切斜内凹面可构成一个限流通道。调整倾角β的数值，可结合切斜内凹面的设计参数获得不同的控流效果和曲线。
进一步还可以将前述流进管的端面参照设定切斜内凹面曲面的方法设定成阀体1阀口内缘在一个虚拟斜凹面TT上，在斜凹面TT与切斜内凹面均按相同的函数方程式设定时，即形成的限流通道在完全关闭前是双侧对称的，内凹椭圆环所在的内凹面形状与倾斜内凹面相同。
本申请技术方案中，对称中心曲线段AGB为抛物线的一部分，满足：
Figure PCTCN2020092394-appb-000005
H 1为第五参照点G到直线BI的距离，D为限流芯2直径，L为线段AB在限流芯2轴线方向投影的长度，L 1为第二参照点B和第五参照点G在限流芯2轴线方向投影的距离；
垂直面横截曲线段EGF为圆弧，圆弧半径R满足：R＝L GH，L GH为线段HG的长度。
如图8所示，本申请技术方案中，限流芯2的尖端设有切削面，切削面与限流芯2的轴线垂直，通过切削面将限流芯2的尖端去掉，使其成为平面。原因在于，当需要进行尽力控制是，需要相对较小的α角度，因此限流芯2会较长，而尖端对流体通道的截面尺寸影响并不明显，因此，将其去掉以节省材料方便加工和安装。此外在一些恶劣环境下，或者流体内的颗粒物较多时，限流芯2的尖端很容易因此损坏，影响整体的限流效果，因此同样需要将尖端去掉。而对于一些特殊的领域，例如机器人液压控制，需要相对较小的行程，同样需要将尖端去掉。
以下用几个实施例分别说明本申请技术方案的一些具体的应用方案。
实施例1
一种可用于3D打印设备的热流道控流阀，由阀体1、限流芯2、螺旋调校装置组成，阀体1上有一圆形阀口，控流阀工作时3D打印材料通过该圆形阀口进入阀体1内腔并进一步输往打印喷嘴,或直接以本控流阀的阀体1内腔形成热熔喷嘴管。如图5所示，限流芯2是在指向阀体1圆型阀口一端带有一个尖锐斜面结构的圆柱体，尖锐斜面结构上的斜面是一个在限流芯2轴心线方向上左右对称的切斜内凹面，阀体1圆形阀口的圆心位于限流芯2的轴心线上、且圆形阀口内缘直径D1与限流芯2圆柱 体部分的直径D均为2mm，操作螺旋调校装置可限定限流芯2仅能在限流芯2轴心线方向上进退运动，且运动范围至少包括推进时能将限流芯2的尖锐斜面结构通过阀体1圆形阀口全部进入阀体1内腔、以及退出至完全离开阀体1内腔，限流芯2尖锐斜面结构的切斜内凹面的远端点B与近端点A连线与限流芯2轴心线之间夹角α为16°，限流芯2尖锐斜面结构在轴心线上的长度L＝D/tanα≈6.975mm，阀口内缘顶部端点H与限流芯2尖锐斜面结构的切斜内凹面近端点A连线与限流芯2轴心线平行，阀体1圆形阀口内缘底部端点I与限流芯2尖锐斜面结构的切斜内凹面远端点B的连线所在直线与限流芯2轴心线平行。
对称中心曲线段AGB为抛物线的一部分，满足：
Figure PCTCN2020092394-appb-000006
H 1为第五参照点G到直线BI的距离，D为限流芯2直径，L为线段AB在限流芯2轴线方向投影的长度，L 1为第二参照点B和第五参照点G在限流芯2轴线方向投影的距离；
垂直面横截曲线段EGF为椭圆弧，满足椭圆方程：
4x 2/D 2+y 2/L GH 2＝1；
椭圆方程所在平面为第二参照面；椭圆方程的直角坐标系的x轴与直线HG重合，坐标原点与第三参照点H重合；L GH为线段HG的长度。
除具有本申请技术方案各种优点外、该切斜内凹面设计侧重提供一个变化平稳、口径大、完全关闭时具有一定物料切割功能而避免阀内连块干结等针对性有益效果的3D打印设备控流控压阀。
由于部分3D打印材料粘度高，如PLA，等原因，采用热熔材料的3D打印设备的浇口被杂质堵住、热流道阀针运动不畅、阀针封闭不严等问题，本申请技术方案能大幅减少相关问题，特别是在微纳3D打印技术中应用更具有明显优势。
实施例2
一种车用热燃机燃油控流阀，由阀体1、限流芯2、螺旋调校装置组成，阀体1上有一圆形阀口，控流阀工作时燃油通过该圆形阀口进入阀体1内腔并进一步输往工作火嘴,或直接以本控流阀的阀体1内腔形成火嘴。如图5所示，限流芯2是在指向阀体1圆型阀口一端带有一个尖锐斜面结构的圆柱体，尖锐斜面结构上的斜面是一个 在限流芯2轴心线方向上左右对称的切斜内凹面，阀体1圆形阀口的圆心位于限流芯2的轴心线上、且圆形阀口内缘直径D1与限流芯2圆柱体部分的直径D均为3.8mm，操作螺旋调校装置可限定限流芯2仅能在限流芯2轴心线方向上进退运动，且运动范围至少包括推进时能将限流芯2的尖锐斜面结构通过阀体1圆形阀口全部进入阀体1内腔、以及退出至完全离开阀体1内腔，限流芯2尖锐斜面结构的切斜内凹面的远端点B与近端点A连线与限流芯2轴心线之间夹角α为11°，限流芯2尖锐斜面结构在轴心线上的长度L＝D/tanα≈19.55mm，阀口内缘顶部端点H与限流芯2尖锐斜面结构的切斜内凹面近端点A连线与限流芯2轴心线平行，阀体1圆形阀口内缘底部端点I与限流芯2尖锐斜面结构的切斜内凹面远端点B的连线所在直线与限流芯2轴心线平行。
对称中心曲线段AGB为圆弧，半径R满足：R＝D/(1-cos2α)，D为限流芯2直径；
垂直面横截曲线段EGF为椭圆弧，满足椭圆方程：
4x 2/D 2+y 2/L GH 2＝1；
椭圆方程所在平面为第二参照面；椭圆方程的直角坐标系的x轴与直线HG重合，坐标原点与第三参照点H重合；L GH为线段HG的长度。
除具有本申请技术方案各种优点外、该切斜内凹面设计侧重提供一个工程长、中段变化明显等针对性有益效果的车用热燃机燃油控流控压阀。
各类使用热燃机的交通生产工具、设备都包含多种各类类似针阀结构的控流控压部件，如空气阀、蒸气阀、汽油泵进出油阀、化油器针阀等。尽管国家有强制规定，仍有一些加油站或临时油库的加油机没有配备滤网、油枪也未配备滤芯，以及采用易于产生金属屑的单层油库。以汽油车为例，任何一个原因导致油路不畅的后果都不会仅是怠速不稳。本申请技术方案适于各种工况，可减少尘埃等堵塞空气阀、污垢堵塞蒸气阀、积垢和杂质影响汽油泵进出油阀和化油器针阀工况等带来的问题，进步明显。
实施例3
一种液压装置控流阀，由阀体1、限流芯2、螺旋调校装置组成，阀体1上有一圆形阀口，控流阀工作时液压油可通过该圆形阀口往返进出阀体1内腔。如图5所示，限流芯2是在指向阀体1圆型阀口一端带有一个尖锐斜面结构的圆柱体，尖锐斜面结 构上的斜面是一个在限流芯2轴心线方向上左右对称的切斜内凹面，阀体1圆形阀口的圆心位于限流芯2的轴心线上、且圆形阀口内缘直径D1与限流芯2圆柱体部分的直径D均为96.52mm，操作螺旋调校装置可限定限流芯2仅能在限流芯2轴心线方向上进退运动，且运动范围至少包括推进时能将限流芯2的尖锐斜面结构通过阀体1圆形阀口全部进入阀体1内腔、以及退出时限流芯2尖锐斜面结构的切斜内凹面远端点B完全离开阀体1内腔至距离阀体1圆形阀口内缘顶部端点H达96.52mm以上的位置，限流芯2尖锐斜面结构的切斜内凹面的远端点B与近端点A连线与限流芯2轴心线之间夹角α为71°，限流芯2尖锐斜面结构在轴心线上的长度L＝D/tanα≈15.29mm，阀口内缘顶部端点H与限流芯2尖锐斜面结构的切斜内凹面近端点A连线与限流芯2轴心线平行，阀体1圆形阀口内缘底部端点I与限流芯2尖锐斜面结构的切斜内凹面远端点B的连线所在直线与限流芯2轴心线平行。
对称中心曲线段AGB为圆弧，半径R满足：R＝L AB，L AB为线段AB的长度；
垂直面横截曲线段EGF为圆弧，圆弧半径R满足：R＝L GH，L GH为线段HG的长度。
除具有本申请技术方案各种优点外、该切斜内凹面设计侧重提供一个过程变化要求低、利于流体压力迅速传递等针对性有益效果的液压装置控流控压阀。
液压系统部件要求精度高是相比其它传动方式部件成本高的原因之一，液压油阻力是液压设备无法保证严格的传动比的主因之一，液压油污染会影响传统控流控压部件响应敏感度甚至造成故障，采用本申请技术方案可带来更稳定的传动比、阻力损失小、部件成本低、工作效率提升等有益效果。
实施例4
一种油田油井控流控压阀，由阀体1、限流芯2、螺旋调校装置组成，阀体1上有一圆形阀口，控流阀工作时油气通过该圆形阀口进入阀体1内腔并进一步输往上下游相关设备。如图5所示，限流芯2是在指向阀体1圆型阀口一端带有一个尖锐斜面结构的圆柱体，尖锐斜面结构上的斜面是一个在限流芯2轴心线方向上左右对称的切斜内凹面，阀体1圆形阀口的圆心位于限流芯2轴心线上、且圆形阀口内缘直径D1与限流芯2圆柱体部分的直径D均为600mm，操作螺旋调校装置可限定限流芯2仅能在限流芯2轴心线方向上进退运动，且运动范围至少包括推进时能将限流芯2的尖锐斜面结构通过阀体1圆形阀口全部进入阀体1内腔、以及退出时限流芯2尖锐斜面结 构的切斜内凹面远端点B完全离开阀体1内腔，限流芯2尖锐斜面结构的切斜内凹面的远端点B与近端点A连线与限流芯2芯轴心线之间夹角α为30°，限流芯2尖锐斜面结构在轴心线上的长度L＝D/tanα≈1039.23mm，阀口内缘顶部端点H与限流芯2尖锐斜面结构的切斜内凹面近端点A连线与限流芯2轴心线平行，阀体1圆形阀口内缘底部端点I与限流芯2尖锐斜面结构的切斜内凹面远端点B的连线所在直线与限流芯2轴心线平行。
对称中心曲线段AGB为圆弧，半径R满足：R＝L AB，L AB为线段AB的长度；
垂直面横截曲线段EGF为椭圆弧，满足椭圆方程：
4x 2/D 2+y 2/L GH 2＝1；
椭圆方程所在平面为第二参照面；椭圆方程的直角坐标系的x轴与直线HG重合，坐标原点与第三参照点H重合；D为限流芯2直径，L GH为线段HG的长度。
除具有本申请技术方案各种优点外、该切斜内凹面设计侧重提供一个限流截面内切圆相对较大、导流角度利于卸除腐蚀流体和砂石等杂质冲力等针对性有益效果的油田油井控流控压阀。
阀门是油气田设施的重要组成部分，特别对于集输系统来说，阀门的应用更为广泛。目前，油田进入高含水开发期，高含水对阀门的腐蚀也日益严重，因此阀门经常出现渗漏、混油等现象，简言之，仅各种控流控压装置设备造成的极难处理的油泥增量污染问题就十分严重。而一些拦路阀门、罐前阀门等采用门阀设计的部件同样会因工况恶劣、易腐蚀不易维修而闭合不严导致內渗的现象非常多见。除本文前述许多技术优点外，油气田采用本申请技术方案因其限流芯2与阀体1之间可采用区间密闭以及工作面受创对控流效果影响较小的设计优势而具有突出的腐蚀耐受度。
实施例5
一种碎矿石控流漏斗装置，由漏斗、限流芯2、调校装置组成，漏斗呈倒圆锥体形状，漏斗底部尖端处有一圆形阀口，漏斗装置工作时碎矿石通过该圆形阀口漏出进入下游相关设备。如图10所示，限流芯2是从下向上指向漏斗圆型阀口、且该端部带有一个尖锐斜面结构的圆柱体，尖锐斜面结构上的斜面是一个以限流芯2轴心线投影线段为中心线左右对称的切斜内凹面，漏斗圆形阀口的圆心位于限流芯2轴心线上、且圆形阀口内缘直径D1与限流芯2圆柱体部分的直径D均为300mm，操作螺旋 调校装置可限定限流芯2仅能在限流芯2轴心线方向上进退运动，且运动范围至少包括推进时能将限流芯2的尖锐斜面结构通过漏斗圆形阀口全部向上插入漏斗载料部、以及退出时限流芯2尖锐斜面结构的切斜内凹面远端点B完全离开漏斗圆形阀口之下，限流芯2尖锐斜面结构的切斜内凹面的远端点B与近端点A连线与限流芯2芯轴心线之间夹角α为45°，限流芯2尖锐斜面结构在轴心线上的长度L＝D/tanα＝300mm，阀口内缘顶部端点H与限流芯2尖锐斜面结构的切斜内凹面近端点A连线与限流芯2轴心线平行，漏斗圆形阀口内缘底部端点I与限流芯2尖锐斜面结构的切斜内凹面远端点B的连线所在直线与限流芯2轴心线平行。
对称中心曲线段AGB为圆弧，半径R满足：R＝L AB，L AB为线段AB的长度；
垂直面横截曲线段EGF为椭圆弧，满足椭圆方程：
4x 2/D 2+y 2/L GH 2＝1；
椭圆方程所在平面为第二参照面；椭圆方程的直角坐标系的x轴与直线HG重合，坐标原点与第三参照点H重合；D为限流芯2直径，L GH为线段HG的长度。
除具有本申请技术方案各种优点外、该切斜内凹面设计侧重提供一个限流截面内切圆相对较大而不易受碎矿石卡塞，且本实施例特别以工作面饱受承受坚硬物料冲击的视角提示本申请技术方案受工作面磨损或受创影响较小的针对性有益效果。
实施例6
一种水库泄洪、田园灌溉的空流水阀，由阀体1、限流芯2、螺旋调校装置组成，阀体1上有一圆形阀口，空流水阀工作时水流可通过该圆形阀口进入阀体1内腔并进一步下流。如图5所示，限流芯2是在指向阀体1圆型阀口一端带有一个尖锐斜面结构的圆柱体，尖锐斜面结构上的斜面是一个在限流芯2轴心线方向上左右对称的切斜内凹面，阀体1圆形阀口的圆心位于限流芯2轴心线上、且圆形阀口内缘直径D1与限流芯2圆柱体部分的直径D均为500mm，操作螺旋调校装置可限定限流芯2仅能在限流芯2轴心线方向上进退运动，且运动范围至少包括推进时能将限流芯2的尖锐斜面结构通过阀体1圆形阀口全部进入阀体1内腔、以及退出时限流芯2尖锐斜面结构的切斜内凹面远端点B完全离开阀体1内腔，限流芯2尖锐斜面结构的切斜内凹面的远端点B与近端点A连线与限流芯2芯轴心线之间夹角α为56°，限流芯2尖锐斜面结构在轴心线上的长度L＝D/tanα≈337.25mm，阀口内缘顶部端点H与限流芯2尖 锐斜面结构的切斜内凹面近端点A连线与限流芯2轴心线平行，阀体1圆形阀口内缘底部端点I与限流芯2尖锐斜面结构的切斜内凹面远端点B的连线所在直线与限流芯2轴心线平行。
对称中心曲线段AGB为圆弧，半径R满足：R＝L AB，L AB为线段AB的长度；
垂直面横截曲线段EGF为圆弧，圆弧半径R满足：R＝L GH，L GH为线段HG的长度。
除具有本申请技术方案各种优点外、该切斜内凹面设计侧重提供一个导流角度利于卸除流体及砂石杂物冲力、不受河道田园杂物干扰、下压关闭节能等针对性有益效果的泄洪、灌溉控流水阀。
以上是本申请技术方案的一些实施例，上述实施例主要是为了说明本申请技术方案的原理和一些应用方法，实际上本申请并不限于以上示例，作为一种基础技术的创新发明，本申请抗干扰控流控压装置不仅适用于3D打印设备、激光/喷墨打印机、微创手术器械控流应用等微型的精密控流部件，也适用于印染、喷涂、注塑等行业工业生产设备中物料的控流，或液压传动、燃油喷注、气/液净化管路等长期封闭积垢通路中的控流部件，还可以是大型石化或工矿机械设备如原油/重油/石化产品输送分装控流、原矿球磨粉碎后的矿粉分装、高炉煤粉喷注控流、水泥生产原料及成品分装等工况场景。
在纳米级别应用场景甚至粒子运动物理研究实验中，除以前述纯机械构造控流方式以外，还可以设定力场障碍或助推等方式形成基于本申请技术原理的一个可打开或部分打开或完全关闭的控流阀口，控流阀口的有效通道截面具有最大的内切圆半径值，该“通道截面积/内切圆半径”的比值最小的控流通道设计是在同等流量参数下能通过的单个颗粒或粒子的最大外径值最高的一种微观抗干扰控流技术方案。
本申请实施例也可以球阀的形式进行改进，如图9所示，一种流量控制球阀，流量控制球阀包括：阀体1、限流芯2和调教装置3；
阀体1为球形壳体，且设有贯穿的横截面为椭圆形的壳体通道；壳体通道的轴线经过球形壳体的球心；
限流芯2为球形芯，且设有贯穿的横截面为椭圆形的芯通道；芯通道的轴线经过球形芯的球心；壳体通道和芯通道横截面形状尺寸相同，能够形成椭圆流体通道；椭 圆流体通道的横截面椭圆的长轴与椭圆流体通道的轴线形成参照面；调教装置3能够驱动限流芯2绕参照轴转动，参照轴为过球心且与参照面垂直的轴线。
阀体1垂直顶部和水平对称两边各有一个开口，限流芯2紧密贴合在阀体1内腔，限流芯2内部有一水平通道，旋转调校装置通过阀体1顶部开口与限流芯2相连并可控制限流芯2水平旋转顺时针或逆时针旋转，操作调校装置可使限流芯2内部水平通道两端开口与阀体1两边的水平对称开口的形状、大小及位置完全匹配从而形成一个最大流量通路，也可以旋转限流芯2角度使限流芯2内部水平通道两端开口与阀体1两边的水平对称开口同步地在水平方向上逐步错位至限流芯2内部水平通道两端开口同时被阀体1结构完全覆盖。
限流芯2内部水平通道的横截面是椭圆形的，受球面影响的限流芯2内部水平通道两端开口边缘所在曲面的垂直投影也是与其横截面一致的椭圆形。如图9所示，本申请技术方案的双椭圆形开口在逐步错位的过程中，控流截面面积相同情形下最小控流截面的内切圆半径比传统球阀的双半月型更大。
本申请技术方案中，椭圆流体通道的横截面椭圆与参照椭圆的形状相同；
参照椭圆满足方程：x 2/4+y 2＝1。
本申请技术方案的工作截面近似圆形或近似椭圆形或部分圆形与部分椭圆形组合，因此在相同的通过截面积的情形下本申请技术方案可以通过的物料或杂质颗粒直径是现有技术的2-10倍，因此能减少杂质和积垢对装置的工作状况的干扰、减轻装置损耗。同样原理，本申请技术方案的流量控制芯特殊的流量控制工作面设计可适当降低装置的制造工艺精度要求，同时对关键部件的材料的热变系数、抗磨损要求均较低，这都能有效减低装置的制造成本。因此本申请是适用行业广泛、物料限制少、制造及运营成本低廉、运行稳定性好的抗干扰控流创新技术方案。
以上所述，仅为本申请较佳的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种控流控压装置，其特征在于，所述控流控压装置包括：阀体(1)、限流芯(2)和调教装置(3)；
    所述阀体(1)包括：流出管、过渡腔和横截面为圆形或椭圆形的流进管；所述限流芯(2)能够完全插入流进管内，并阻塞流进管的流体通路；限流芯(2)的端部设有倾斜内凹面；所述调教装置(3)用于调整所述限流芯(2)插入所述流进管的深度。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的控流控压装置，其特征在于，所述倾斜内凹面关于第一参照面对称，所述第一参照面为所述阀体(1)的纵剖对称面；所述倾斜内凹面的边缘与所述第一参照面相交于第一参照点A和第二参照点B，所述第一参照点A为所述倾斜内凹面最后插入流进管的点，所述第二参照点B为所述倾斜内凹面最先插入流进管的点；
    所述流进管的内壁端面内缘与所述第一参照面相交于第三参照点H和第四参照点I；所述第三参照点H能够与第一参照点A重合，第四参照点I能够与第二参照点B重合。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的控流控压装置，其特征在于，所述第一参照点A和第二参照点B的连线线段AB与所述流进管的轴线的流体流动方向的夹角α大于0°且小于90°；
    所述第三参照点H和第四参照点I的连线HI与所述流进管的轴线的流体流动方向的夹角β大于0°且小于等于90°。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的控流控压装置，其特征在于，在所述第一参照面上，经过第三参照点H且与所述线段AB垂直的直线与所述倾斜内凹面相交于第五参照点G；
    所述第一参照面与倾斜内凹面相交于曲线段AGB，所述曲线段AGB为内凹曲线；
    经过所述第三参照点H且与所述线段AB垂直的第二参照面与所述倾斜内凹面的边缘相交于第六参照点E和第七参照点F；所述第二参照面与切斜内凹面相交于曲线段EGF，所述曲线段EGF为内凹曲线。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的控流控压装置，其特征在于，所述曲线段AGB为圆弧；
    当所述夹角α满足：0°＜α≤30°，所述曲线段AGB的半径R满足：R＝D/(1-cos 2α)，D为限流芯(2)直径；
    当所述夹角α满足：30°＜α＜90°，所述曲线段AGB的半径R满足：R＝L AB，L AB为线段AB的长度。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的控流控压装置，其特征在于，所述曲线段AGB为抛物线的一部分，满足：
    Figure PCTCN2020092394-appb-100001
    H 1为第五参照点G到直线BI的距离，D为限流芯(2)直径，L为线段AB在限流芯(2)轴线方向投影的长度，L 1为第二参照点B和第五参照点G在限流芯(2)轴线方向投影的距离。
  7. 根据权利要求4至6任一所述的控流控压装置，其特征在于，所述曲线段EGF为椭圆弧，且关于椭圆长轴对称，满足椭圆方程：
    4x 2/D 2+y 2/L GH 2＝1；
    椭圆方程所在平面为第二参照面；椭圆方程的直角坐标系的x轴与直线HG重合，坐标原点与第三参照点H重合；D为限流芯(2)直径，L GH为线段HG的长度。
  8. 根据权利要求4至6任一所述的控流控压装置，其特征在于，所述曲线段EGF为圆弧，圆弧半径R满足：R＝L GH，L GH为线段HG的长度。
  9. 根据权利要求4所述的控流控压装置，其特征在于，所述控流控压装置为3D打印设备热流道控流阀；
    所述曲线段AGB为抛物线的一部分，满足：
    Figure PCTCN2020092394-appb-100002
    H 1为第五参照点G到直线BI的距离，D为限流芯(2)直径，L为线段AB在限流芯(2)轴线方向投影的长度，L 1为第二参照点B和第五参照点G在限流芯(2)轴线方向投影的距离；
    所述曲线段EGF为椭圆弧，满足椭圆方程：
    4x 2/D 2+y 2/L GH 2＝1；
    椭圆方程所在平面为第二参照面；椭圆方程的直角坐标系的x轴与直线HG重合，坐标原点与第三参照点H重合；L GH为线段HG的长度。
  10. 根据权利要求4所述的控流控压装置，其特征在于，所述控流控压装置为车 用热燃机燃油控流阀；
    所述曲线段AGB为圆弧，半径R满足：R＝D/(1-cos 2α)，D为限流芯(2)直径；
    所述曲线段EGF为椭圆弧，满足椭圆方程：
    4x 2/D 2+y 2/L GH 2＝1；
    椭圆方程所在平面为第二参照面；椭圆方程的直角坐标系的x轴与直线HG重合，坐标原点与第三参照点H重合；L GH为线段HG的长度。
  11. 根据权利要求4所述的控流控压装置，其特征在于，所述控流控压装置为液压装置控流控压阀；
    所述曲线段AGB为圆弧，半径R满足：R＝L AB，L AB为线段AB的长度；
    所述曲线段EGF为圆弧，圆弧半径R满足：R＝L GH，L GH为线段HG的长度。
  12. 根据权利要求4所述的控流控压装置，其特征在于，所述控流控压装置为油田油井控流控压阀；
    所述曲线段AGB为圆弧，半径R满足：R＝L AB，L AB为线段AB的长度；
    所述曲线段EGF为椭圆弧，满足椭圆方程：
    4x 2/D 2+y 2/L GH 2＝1；
    椭圆方程所在平面为第二参照面；椭圆方程的直角坐标系的x轴与直线HG重合，坐标原点与第三参照点H重合；D为限流芯(2)直径，L GH为线段HG的长度。
  13. 根据权利要求4所述的控流控压装置，其特征在于，所述控流控压装置为砂石控流漏斗；
    所述曲线段AGB为圆弧，半径R满足：R＝L AB，L AB为线段AB的长度；
    所述曲线段EGF为椭圆弧，满足椭圆方程：
    4x 2/D 2+y 2/L GH 2＝1；
    椭圆方程所在平面为第二参照面；椭圆方程的直角坐标系的x轴与直线HG重合，坐标原点与第三参照点H重合；D为限流芯(2)直径，L GH为线段HG的长度。
  14. 根据权利要求4所述的控流控压装置，其特征在于，所述控流控压装置为控流水闸；
    所述曲线段AGB为圆弧，半径R满足：R＝L AB，L AB为线段AB的长度；
    所述曲线段EGF为圆弧，圆弧半径R满足：R＝L GH，L GH为线段HG的长度。
  15. 根据权利要求4所述的控流控压装置，其特征在于，所述夹角β大于0°且小于90°，所述流进管的端面为平面椭圆环，且所述流进管的轴线穿过所述椭圆环的中心。
  16. 根据权利要求4所述的控流控压装置，其特征在于，所述夹角β大于0°且小于90°，所述流进管的端面为内凹椭圆环，且所述流进管的轴线穿过所述椭圆环的中心。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的控流控压装置，其特征在于，所述内凹椭圆环所在的内凹面形状与所述倾斜内凹面相同，且所述曲线段AGB为抛物线的一部分，满足：
    Figure PCTCN2020092394-appb-100003
    H 1为第五参照点G到直线BI的距离，D为限流芯(2)直径，L为线段AB在限流芯(2)轴线方向投影的长度，L 1为第二参照点B和第五参照点G在限流芯(2)轴线方向投影的距离；
    所述曲线段EGF为圆弧，圆弧半径R满足：R＝L GH，L GH为线段HG的长度。
  18. 根据权利要求1至17任一所述的控流控压装置，其特征在于，所述限流芯(2)的尖端设有切削面，所述切削面与限流芯(2)的轴线垂直。
  19. 一种流量控制球阀，其特征在于，所述流量控制球阀包括：阀体(1)、限流芯(2)和调教装置(3)；
    所述阀体(1)为球形壳体，且设有贯穿的横截面为椭圆形的壳体通道；所述壳体通道的轴线经过所述球形壳体的球心；
    所述限流芯(2)为球形芯，且设有贯穿的横截面为椭圆形的芯通道；所述芯通道的轴线经过所述球形芯的球心；
    所述壳体通道和芯通道横截面形状尺寸相同，能够形成椭圆流体通道；所述椭圆流体通道的横截面椭圆的长轴与椭圆流体通道的轴线形成参照面；所述调教装置(3)能够驱动限流芯(2)绕参照轴线转动，所述参照轴线为过球心且与参照面垂直的轴线。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的流量控制球阀，其特征在于，所述椭圆流体通道的横截面椭圆与参照椭圆的形状相同；
    所述参照椭圆满足方程：
    x 2/4+y 2＝1。
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