WO2020248692A1 - 一种用于换电的锁止装置及车辆 - Google Patents

一种用于换电的锁止装置及车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020248692A1
WO2020248692A1 PCT/CN2020/084524 CN2020084524W WO2020248692A1 WO 2020248692 A1 WO2020248692 A1 WO 2020248692A1 CN 2020084524 W CN2020084524 W CN 2020084524W WO 2020248692 A1 WO2020248692 A1 WO 2020248692A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lock body
locking
nut
cavity
opening
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/084524
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
韩磊
杨全凯
王志海
张志强
Original Assignee
浙江吉智新能源汽车科技有限公司
浙江吉利控股集团有限公司
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Publication date
Application filed by 浙江吉智新能源汽车科技有限公司, 浙江吉利控股集团有限公司 filed Critical 浙江吉智新能源汽车科技有限公司
Publication of WO2020248692A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020248692A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60S5/00—Servicing, maintaining, repairing, or refitting of vehicles
    • B60S5/06—Supplying batteries to, or removing batteries from, vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0455—Removal or replacement of the energy storages
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of connectors, in particular to a locking device and a vehicle for power exchange.
  • plug-in charging requires the cooperation of charging piles.
  • the initial investment is relatively large and the profit recovery is slow;
  • Two modes of slow charge and fast charge fast charge takes 30 minutes at the fastest, and the waiting time is longer, and the damage to the battery is serious, which seriously affects the battery life; although the slow charge can protect the battery relatively, the waiting time is too long , A charge takes 6 to 7 hours. Therefore, charging is difficult and inconvenient charging is still unsolvable.
  • the quick battery change is to quickly remove the insufficient battery in the car and replace it with a fully charged battery.
  • the disassembled battery with insufficient power is slowly charged at night, which not only protects the battery, but also uses the low-priced electricity of the trough, which is beneficial to reduce costs. Users don't need to buy batteries, but use the method of buying a car and renting a battery, which greatly reduces the cost of using the car.
  • the core of the battery replacement program is the design of the locking mechanism.
  • the locking mechanism must be strong enough. Because the battery pack itself has a certain weight, the battery pack must be installed firmly after the lock mechanism locks the battery; because the battery pack replacement process involves There are multiple disassembly and assembly operations, so the locking device should facilitate the disassembly and assembly of the battery pack, be simple and fast, and can be reused many times.
  • the invention discloses a locking device and a vehicle.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a locking device for power exchange, including an upper locking mechanism and a lower locking mechanism;
  • the upper locking mechanism includes an upper lock body and a floating block, the floating block is arranged in the upper lock body, the floating block is provided with an opening and a first inner cavity, and the opening is connected to the first inner cavity through;
  • the lower locking mechanism can extend into the first inner cavity through the opening.
  • the lower locking mechanism includes a locking ball, an ejector block, a lower lock body, and an ejector rod.
  • the lower lock body is hollow. Structure, the locking ball is arranged in the lower lock body, the lower lock body is provided with an opening, at least part of the locking ball can extend out of the opening and abut the floating block, so
  • the ejector block connects the locking ball and the ejector rod, and the ejector rod is used to control the position of the ejector block to eject the locking ball out of the opening or make the lock
  • the ball is held in the lower lock body.
  • the first inner cavity includes a first cavity, a second cavity, and a third cavity that are communicated with each other, the first cavity and the third cavity are both cylindrical, and the opening is provided On the side of the floating block close to the third chamber, the inner diameter of the first chamber is larger than the inner diameter of the third chamber, and the inner wall of the second chamber is a bearing slope. When the ball is ejected from the opening, the locking ball can abut the load bearing inclined surface.
  • the ejector block is provided with a first groove, the first groove is in contact with the locking ball, and a guide mechanism is formed between adjacent first grooves.
  • the guide mechanism Provide a guiding effect for the movement of the locking ball.
  • the ejector rod includes a first boss, a threaded portion, and a second boss that are connected in sequence, the first boss is connected to the ejector block, and the threaded portion is provided with a second outer Thread, the inner wall of the lower lock body is provided with a first internal thread, the first internal thread matches the second external thread, and the first internal thread and the second external thread are threaded so that the top The output rod moves axially relative to the lower lock body.
  • the lower locking mechanism further includes a nut, the nut is provided with a through hole, the inner wall of the through hole is provided with a second internal thread and an inner anti-back-out tooth, and the nut (207) is provided with a first outer Hexagonal surface, the external hexagonal surface is arranged at the end of the nut away from the second internal thread, the outer wall of the lower lock body is provided with a first external thread, and the second internal thread is opposite to the first external thread match.
  • the lower locking mechanism further includes an unlocking nut
  • the unlocking nut is provided with a second groove, an outer anti-backlashing tooth, and a second flange surface
  • the second groove is opposite to the second boss.
  • Matching, the second groove and the second boss cooperate to make the unlocking nut and the ejector rod relatively move axially and synchronously rotate in the circumferential direction
  • the outer anti-back-out teeth are arranged on the unlocking nut
  • the outer anti-back-out teeth match the inner anti-back-out teeth
  • the outer anti-back-out teeth mesh with the inner anti-back-out teeth for restricting the rotation of the unlocking nut relative to the nut.
  • the lower locking mechanism further includes a first elastic mechanism and a second elastic mechanism, the first elastic mechanism is sleeved on the second boss, and the first elastic mechanism is arranged on the threaded portion And the second flange surface, the second elastic mechanism is arranged between the ejector block and the lower lock body, and the second elastic mechanism is arranged between the ejector block and the lower lock body Buffer between the body.
  • the lower locking mechanism further includes a first limiting mechanism and a second limiting mechanism
  • the first limiting mechanism is provided on a side of the first internal thread close to the opening
  • the first Two limiting mechanisms are arranged on the side of the first internal thread away from the opening
  • the first limiting mechanism (204) and the second limiting mechanism are used for limiting the stroke of the ejector rod.
  • the device further includes a sleeve, the sleeve is provided with a stepped inner cavity, the stepped inner cavity penetrates the sleeve, and the stepped inner cavity includes a first cavity and a first cavity that are communicated with each other.
  • Two cavities the diameter of the first cavity is smaller than the inner diameter of the second cavity, the first cavity matches the lower lock body, and the second cavity is used to house the nut ,
  • the lower lock body is also provided with a lock body flange base, and the lock body flange base and the nut can cooperate to lock the sleeve.
  • Another aspect of the present invention protects a vehicle, which includes a battery pack, a battery pack side beam, and the lock device for battery replacement described in the above technical solution, and the lock device is used to connect the battery pack to the battery
  • the edging beam can be detachably connected.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • a locking device for battery replacement provided by the present invention, the locking ball is driven to move through the ejector rod to realize the movement of the locking ball between the unlocking position and the locking position, and the locking ball adopts a wire
  • the contact fit greatly reduces the stress concentration problem between the contact point of the locking ball and the ejector block.
  • the present invention realizes the synchronous circumferential rotation of the unlocking nut and the ejector rod through the cooperation of the second boss and the second groove.
  • the ejector rod will The lock ball is locked.
  • the present invention realizes the locking of the unlocking nut through the engagement of the outer anti-retraction tooth and the inner anti-retraction tooth, thereby realizing the locking of the ejector rod and the locking ball, which has a mechanical anti-retraction function and avoids The unlocking nut may be loose due to vibration caused by vehicle operation.
  • the unlocking nut and the nut are squeezed under the elastic force of the first elastic mechanism, so that the outer anti-back-out teeth and the inner anti-back-out teeth are meshed to achieve anti-backout; Lifting the unlocking nut to squeeze the first elastic mechanism can also disengage the outer anti-retraction tooth and the inner anti-retraction tooth to achieve unlocking, and the operation is simple and convenient.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a locking device for power exchange provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the locking device
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of some parts of the device.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the locking ball, ejector block and the second elastic mechanism
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the ejector rod, the unlocking nut and the nut;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the locking device when the locking ball is in an unlocked state
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the locking device when the locking ball is in a locked state
  • Fig. 8 is an assembly schematic diagram of the locking device.
  • 10-upper locking mechanism 101-cover plate, 102-upper lock body, 1021-loading surface, 103-floating block, 1031-loading slope;
  • 20- lower locking mechanism 201- locking ball, 202- ejector block, 2021- guiding mechanism, 2022- first groove, 203- lower lock body, 2031-lock body flange, 2032-lock body head Section, 2033-opening, 2034-first internal thread, 2035-first external thread, 204 first stop mechanism, 205- ejector rod, 2051-first boss, 2052-second external thread, 2053- The second boss, 206-second limit mechanism, 207-nut, 2071-second internal thread, 2072-internal anti-back-out teeth, 2073-first flange surface, 2074-first external hexagonal surface, 208-unlock Nut, 2081-second groove, 2082-outer anti-back-out teeth, 2083-second outer hexagonal surface, 2084-second flange surface, 209-first elastic mechanism, 210-second elastic mechanism;
  • this embodiment provides a locking device for power replacement, including an upper locking mechanism 10 and a lower locking mechanism 20; the upper locking mechanism 10 and the lower locking mechanism 20 The locking cooperation can realize the installation and fixation of the battery pack and the battery pack side beam;
  • the upper lock mechanism 10 includes a cover 101, an upper lock body 102, and a floating block 103.
  • the upper lock body 102 is a hollow structure, and the inner cavity of the upper lock body 102 is cylindrical and the inner cavity is The size is slightly larger than the volume of the floating block 103, and the floating block 103 is arranged in the internal cavity of the upper lock body 102 and can float up and down in the internal cavity;
  • the bottom of the inner cavity of the upper lock body 102 is a bearing surface 1021, and the middle of the bearing surface 1021 is provided with a first opening, and the first opening is in communication with the inner cavity.
  • the carrying surface 1021 can carry the floating block 103, and the size of the first opening can restrict the floating block 103 in the upper lock body 102; the upper lock body 102 is also provided with The mounting part is used to detachably connect the upper locking mechanism 10 to the vehicle body.
  • the size of the cover plate 101 is not less than the size of the upper lock body 102, and the cover plate 101 is used to cooperate with the upper lock body 102 to seal the internal cavity, thereby restricting the floating of the floating block 103
  • the space is also dustproof and waterproof.
  • the lower locking mechanism 20 can sequentially extend into the first inner cavity through the first opening of the upper lock body 102 and the opening of the floating block 103, and the lower locking mechanism 20 includes a lock Ball 201, ejector block 202, lower lock body 203 and ejector rod 205;
  • the lower lock body 203 is a cylindrical structure with a lock body flange 2031 on the outer side wall, the lower lock body 203 is a hollow structure, and the inner wall surface of the lower lock body 203 is provided with a first internal thread 2034,
  • the lower lock body 203 is provided with a first external thread 2035, the first external thread 2035 is arranged under the outer wall of the lower lock body 203, the locking ball 201 is arranged in the lower lock body 203, so
  • the lower lock body 203 is provided with an opening 2033, at least part of the locking ball 201 can extend out of the opening 2033 and abut the floating block 103, and the ejector block 202 is connected to the locking ball 201 and the ejector rod 205, the ejector rod 205 is used to control the position of the ejector block 202 to push the locking ball 201 out of the opening 2033 or to keep the locking ball 2033 In the lower lock body 203.
  • the opening 2033 is provided on the side of the lower lock body 203 close to the head 2032 of the lock body.
  • the diameter of the opening 2033 is smaller than the diameter of the locking ball 201, so that the locking ball 201 can only be partially
  • the ground extends and cannot be completely pulled out; and when the ejector block 202 pushes at least a part of the locking ball 202 out of the opening 2033, the motion track of the locking ball 201 is in the shape of an outer figure.
  • the locking ball 201 moves upward and outward relative to the center position of the lower lock body 203.
  • the lock body head 2032 is provided with a chamfer, so that when the lower lock body 203 extends into the floating block 103, it can play a guiding role.
  • the number and size of the openings 2033 match the number and size of the locking ball 201.
  • the embodiment of this specification provides a battery replacement
  • there are four locking balls 201 and the four locking balls 201 have the same size; correspondingly, the number of the openings 2033 is also four, and the openings 2033 The pore size is the same.
  • the locking balls 201 can be provided with other numbers, and the sizes of the locking balls can be specifically set according to actual usage conditions.
  • the first inner cavity of the floating block 103 includes a first cavity, a second cavity, and a third cavity that are connected, and both the first cavity and the third cavity are Cylindrical shape
  • the opening is provided on the side of the floating block 103 close to the third chamber
  • the inner diameter of the first chamber is larger than the inner diameter of the third chamber
  • the inner wall of the second chamber is The load-bearing inclined surface 1031. Since the second chamber connects the first chamber and the third chamber, the inner wall of the second chamber is in the shape of a conical surface with a large upper and a smaller lower surface.
  • the load-bearing inclined surface 1031 When the locking ball 201 extends out of the opening 2033, the load-bearing inclined surface 1031 provides a supporting surface for the locking ball 201. Since the load-bearing inclined surface 1031 is a conical surface with a large upper portion and a smaller lower portion, The greater the extension of the locking ball 201, the greater the pressure of the locking ball 201 on the load-bearing inclined surface 1031, and the locking of the floating block 103 is realized.
  • the ejector block 202 is provided with first grooves 2022, and the number of the first grooves 2022 matches the number of the locking balls 201, that is, each locking ball 201
  • a guiding mechanism 2021 is formed between the adjacent first grooves 2022.
  • the guiding mechanism 2021 provides a guiding function for the movement of the locking ball 201.
  • the guiding mechanism 2021 has a tip feature.
  • the ejector rod 205 includes a first boss 2051, a threaded portion, and a second boss 2053 that are connected in sequence.
  • the first boss 2051 is connected to the ejector block 202, and the threaded portion is provided with a first boss 2051.
  • Two external threads 2052, the second external threads 2052 are matched with the first internal threads 2034 of the lower lock body 203, and the second external threads 2052 are threadedly matched with the first internal threads 2034 so that the The ejector rod 205 can convert the rotational force into axial movement relative to the lower lock body 203.
  • the second boss 2053 is a prism with ribs on the outer wall, and the arrangement direction of the ribs is consistent with the axial direction of the second boss 2053.
  • the second boss 2053 can also have other shapes, as long as the cross section of the second boss 2053 perpendicular to its central axis is non-circular.
  • the lower locking mechanism 20 further includes a nut 207, the nut 207 is provided with a through hole, the inner wall of the through hole is provided with a second internal thread 2071 and an inner anti-return tooth 2072, and the nut 207 is provided with a first outer Hexagonal surface 2074.
  • the outer hexagonal surface 2074 is arranged on the outside of the nut 207 and away from the end of the second internal thread 2071.
  • the outer hexagonal surface 2074 can facilitate the screwing of the nut 207 by a tool such as a wrench.
  • the second internal thread 2071 matches the first external thread 2035 of the lower lock body 203.
  • the top of the nut 207 is provided with a first flange surface 2073.
  • the lower locking mechanism 20 further includes an unlocking nut 208.
  • the unlocking nut 208 is provided with a second groove 2081, an outer anti-backlashing tooth 2082, and a second flange surface 2084.
  • the second concave The groove 2081 matches the second boss 2053, and the second groove 2081 cooperates with the second boss 2053 so that the unlocking nut 208 and the ejector rod 205 move axially and synchronize circumferentially.
  • the outer anti-retreat tooth 2082 is arranged on the outside of the unlock nut 208, the outer anti-retreat tooth 2082 matches the inner anti-retreat tooth 2072, and the outer anti-retreat tooth 2082 matches the inner anti-retreat
  • the meshing of the teeth 2072 is used to restrict the rotation of the unlocking nut 208 relative to the nut 207, and the second flange surface 2084 is provided on the top of the unlocking nut 208.
  • the outside of the unlocking nut 208 is also provided with a second outer hexagonal surface 2083.
  • the second outer hexagonal surface 2083 can facilitate the screwing of the unlocking nut 207 by tools such as a wrench.
  • the second outer hexagonal surface 2083 is connected to the A transition portion is provided between the outer anti-retraction teeth 2082, and the sizes of the outer anti-retraction teeth 2082, the transition portion and the second outer hexagonal surface 2083 are sequentially reduced.
  • the aperture of the through hole of the nut 207 is larger than the size of the transition part and smaller than the size of the outer anti-backlash tooth 2082, so that the end of the unlocking nut 208 close to its second outer hexagonal surface 2083 can protrude from the nut 207.
  • the length of the transition portion is greater than the floating depth of the unlocking nut 208, so that when the unlocking nut 208 is lifted up to achieve unlocking, as shown in FIG. 7, the transition portion can still unlock the unlocking nut 208.
  • the nut 208 plays a guiding role: the second outer hexagonal surface 2083 protrudes out of the through hole of the nut 207 to facilitate the use of a screwing instrument, such as a wrench, to realize the screwing of the unlocking nut 208, which is convenient Unlock the disassembly operation.
  • the lower locking mechanism 20 further includes a first elastic mechanism 209 and a second elastic mechanism 2010. Both the first elastic mechanism 209 and the second elastic mechanism 2010 are springs.
  • the first elastic mechanism 209 is sleeved in On the second boss 2053, the first elastic mechanism 209 is arranged between the threaded portion and the second flange surface 2084, and the second elastic mechanism 2010 is arranged on the ejector block 202 and Between the lower lock bodies 203, the second elastic mechanism 2010 serves as a buffer between the ejector block 202 and the lower lock body 203.
  • the first elastic mechanism 209 is in a pre-compressed state, so that the unlocking nut 208 is provided with a pre-tightening force away from the threaded portion, so that the unlocking nut 208 and the nut 207 are abutted and in an engaged state.
  • the size of the first elastic mechanism 209 is larger than the size of the second boss 2053 and smaller than the size of the threaded part, and the threaded part blocks the first elastic mechanism 209 close to the second boss One side of 2053.
  • the upper end surface of the ejector block 202 is provided with a first mounting portion, and the first mounting portion may be a cylindrical groove matching the size of the second elastic mechanism 2010, and the lower lock
  • the body 203 is correspondingly provided with a second mounting portion, the second mounting portion is disposed on the inner arm of the top of the lock body head 2032, the second mounting portion is adapted to the second elastic mechanism 2010, the One end of the second elastic mechanism 2010 is connected to the ejector block 202 through the first mounting portion, and the other end of the second elastic mechanism 2010 is connected to the lower lock body 203 through the second mounting portion .
  • the lower locking mechanism 20 further includes a first limiting mechanism 204 and a second limiting mechanism 206, the first limiting mechanism 204 and the second limiting mechanism 206 are arranged inside the lower lock body 203, Specifically, the first limiting mechanism 204 is arranged on the side of the first internal thread 2034 close to the opening 2033, and the second limiting mechanism 206 is arranged on the first internal thread 2034 away from the On one side of the opening 2033, the first limiting mechanism 204 and the second limiting mechanism 206 are used to limit the stroke of the ejector rod 205.
  • the first limiting mechanism 204 and the second limiting mechanism 206 are both circular, and the inner wall surface of the lower lock body 203 is provided with the first limiting mechanism 204 and the second limiting mechanism.
  • the first installation groove and the second installation groove to which the mechanism 206 is adapted, the first installation groove and the second installation groove are both circular grooves.
  • the locking device for power exchange also includes a sleeve 30.
  • the sleeve 30 is provided with a stepped inner cavity, and the stepped inner cavity penetrates the sleeve 30.
  • the stepped inner cavity includes a first cavity 31 and a second cavity 32 that are connected.
  • the diameter of the first cavity 31 is smaller than the inner diameter of the second cavity 32.
  • the size matches the outer diameter of the lower lock body 203, the size of the second cavity 32 matches the size of the nut 207, and the second cavity 32 is used to accommodate the nut 207.
  • the lower lock body 203 is also provided with a lock body flange base 2031, and the lock body flange base 2031 and the nut 207 can cooperate to lock the sleeve 30.
  • the unlocking nut 208 When assembling the locking device for power replacement described in the embodiment of this specification, first install the unlocking nut 208 into the nut 207 so that the lower end of the unlocking nut 208 can be removed from the nut 207
  • the first elastic mechanism 209 is sleeved on the second boss 2053, and then the second boss 2053 is assembled into the second groove 2081, so that The first elastic mechanism 209 is located between the threaded portion of the ejector rod 205 and the second flange surface 2084.
  • the unlocking nut 208 Under the elastic force of the first elastic mechanism 209, the unlocking nut 208 is squeezed, Make the outer anti-retraction tooth 2082 and the inner anti-retraction tooth 2072 mesh, as shown at b1 in FIG. 6; after the meshing, the outer anti-retraction tooth 2082 and the inner anti-retraction tooth 2072 enable the unlocking
  • the nut 208 and the nut 207 cannot rotate relatively;
  • the ejector rod 205 With the thread of the second external thread 2052 and the first internal thread 2034, the ejector rod 205 is opposite to The lower lock body 203 is lifted upwards, thereby partially extending the locking ball 201 out of the opening 2033 and pressing the floating block 103 (as shown at a2 in FIG. 7) to realize the The upper locking mechanism 10 and the lower locking mechanism 20 are locked. Due to the cooperation of the sleeve 30 and the lock body flange 2031 of the lower lock body 203, the locking device is fixedly connected to the battery encapsulation beam 40.
  • the unlocking nut 208 and the nut 207 can rotate relative to each other. At this time, screwing the unlocking nut 208 can make the ejection
  • the rod 205 rotates axially in synchronization with the unlocking nut 208, and the ejector rod 205 moves downward relative to the lower lock body 203, and the locking ball 201 loses the jacking force provided by the ejector block 202, Under the guiding action of the guiding mechanism 2021, it slides linearly in the first groove 2022, and finally falls back into the cavity of the lower lock body 203 (as shown by a1 in Fig. 6), and the floating block 103 loses its position.
  • the pressing force of the locking ball 201 can float inside the upper lock body 102 to realize the release of the locked state.
  • the embodiment of this specification provides a locking device for battery replacement.
  • the ejector rod drives the locking ball to move between the unlocking position and the locking position, and the locking ball adopts a wire
  • the contact fit greatly reduces the stress concentration problem between the contact point of the locking ball and the ejector block.
  • the locking of the unlocking nut is realized by the engagement of the outer anti-retraction tooth and the inner anti-retraction tooth, thereby realizing the locking of the ejector rod and the locking ball, which has a mechanical anti-retraction function and avoids the problem of vehicle running
  • the unlocking nut may be loose due to vibration.
  • the elastic force of the first elastic mechanism squeezes the unlocking nut 208 and the nut 207, so that the outer anti-back-out teeth 2082 and the inner anti-back-out teeth 2072 are meshed with each other to achieve anti-back-out; jacking up the unlock nut 208 squeezes the first elastic mechanism 209, which can make the outer anti-retraction tooth 2082 and the inner anti-retraction tooth 2072 disengage from the meshing state, realize unlocking, and the operation is simple and convenient;
  • the cooperation of the second boss 2053 and the second groove 2081 realizes the synchronous circumferential rotation and axial relative movement of the unlocking nut 208 and the ejector rod 205.
  • the ejector rod 205 locks the locking ball 201.
  • This embodiment provides a vehicle, which includes a battery pack, a battery pack side beam 40, and the locking device for battery replacement as described in Embodiment 1, and the locking device is used to connect the battery pack to the battery
  • the edging beam 30 can be detachably connected.
  • the nut 207 clamps the battery edging beam 40 through the sleeve, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 8.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于换电的锁止装置，包括上锁止机构（10）和下锁止机构（20）；上锁止机构（10）包括上锁体（102）和浮动块（103），浮动块（103）设置在上锁体（102）内，浮动块（103）设有相连通的开口和第一内腔；下锁止机构（20）能够通过开口伸入第一内腔，下锁止机构（20）包括锁止球（201）、顶出块（202）、下锁体（203）和顶出杆（205），下锁体（203）为中空结构，锁止球（201）设置在下锁体（203）内，下锁体（203）设有开孔（2033），锁止球（201）的至少部分能够伸出开孔（2033）并与浮动块（103）相抵接，顶出块（202）连接锁止球（201）和顶出杆（205），顶出杆（205）用于控制顶出块（202）的位置以将锁止球（201）顶出开孔（2033）或使得锁止球（201）保持在下锁体（203）内；还提供一种车辆；通过顶出杆（205）带动锁止球（201）在解锁位置和锁止位置间运动，且锁止球（201）与顶出块（202）之间采用线接触配合，极大地减少锁止球（201）与顶出块（202）接触点之间的应力集中问题。

Description

一种用于换电的锁止装置及车辆 技术领域
本发明涉及连接件领域，特别涉及一种用于换电的锁止装置及车辆。
背景技术
随着能源危机和环境污染逐渐加剧，电动汽车发展越来越紧迫。但是制约电动车的续航和充电难问题一直得不到有效的解决。目前电动汽车动力电池的电力补给方式一般分为带车插充和更换电池两种方式，其中带车插充需要充电桩的配合，前期投资较大，利润回收较慢；且带车插充有慢充和快充两种模式：快充最快也需要30分钟，等待时间较长，且对电池的损害大，严重影响电池使用寿命；慢充虽相对来说能够保护电池但等待时间太长，一次充电需要6到7小时。因此充电难，充电不方便的情况目前仍然无法解决。
所以一种电池快换的解决方案就应运而生，电池快换是将车上电量不足的电池快速拆卸下来，换上充满电的电池。将拆下来的电量不足的电池采用夜间慢充，既保护电池，又能利用波谷的低价电，有利于降低成本。用户可以不用购买电池，采用买车租赁电池的方式大大降低了用车的成本。
换电方案的核心是锁止机构设计，该锁止机构必须足够牢固，由于电池包自身具有一定重量，因此，锁止机构锁定电池后需保证电池包的安装稳固；由于电池包的更换过程涉及多次拆装操作，因此该锁止装置应当便于电池包的拆装且操作简单、快速，并且可多次重复使用。而本发明披露了一种锁止装置及车辆。
发明内容
针对现有技术的上述问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种用于换电的锁止装置，包括上锁止机构和下锁止机构；
所述上锁止机构包括上锁体和浮动块，所述浮动块设置在所述上锁体内，所述浮动块设有开口和第一内腔，所述开口与所述第一内腔相连通；
所述下锁止机构能够通过所述开口伸入所述第一内腔，所述下锁止机构包 括锁止球、顶出块、下锁体和顶出杆，所述下锁体为中空结构，所述锁止球设置在所述下锁体内，所述下锁体设有开孔，所述锁止球的至少部分能够伸出所述开孔并与所述浮动块相抵接，所述顶出块连接所述锁止球和所述顶出杆，所述顶出杆用于控制所述顶出块的位置以将所述锁止球顶出所述开孔或使得所述锁止球保持在所述下锁体内。
具体地，所述第一内腔包括相连通的第一腔室、第二腔室和第三腔室，所述第一腔室和所述第三腔室均为圆柱形，所述开口设置在所述浮动块靠近所述第三腔室的一侧，所述第一腔室的内径大于所述第三腔室的内径，所述第二腔室内壁为承载斜面，当所述锁止球从所述开孔中顶出时，所述锁止球能够与所述承载斜面相抵接。
具体地，所述顶出块设有第一凹槽，所述第一凹槽与所述锁止球线接触配合，相邻所述第一凹槽之间形成有导向机构，所述导向机构为所述锁止球的移动提供导向作用。
具体地，所述顶出杆包括顺次连接的第一凸台、螺纹部和第二凸台，所述第一凸台与所述顶出块相连接，所述螺纹部设有第二外螺纹，所述下锁体内壁面设有第一内螺纹，所述第一内螺纹与所述第二外螺纹相匹配，所述第一内螺纹与所述第二外螺纹螺纹配合使得所述顶出杆相对于所述下锁体轴向移动。
进一步地，所述下锁止机构还包括螺母，所述螺母设有通孔，所述通孔内壁设有第二内螺纹和内防退齿，所述螺母(207)外侧设有第一外六角面，所述外六角面设置在所述螺母远离所述第二内螺纹的一端，所述下锁体外壁面设有第一外螺纹，所述第二内螺纹与所述第一外螺纹相匹配。
进一步地，所述下锁止机构还包括解锁螺母，所述解锁螺母设有第二凹槽、外防退齿和第二法兰面，所述第二凹槽与所述第二凸台相匹配，所述第二凹槽与所述第二凸台配合使得所述解锁螺母与所述顶出杆相对轴向移动和同步周向旋转，所述外防退齿设置在所述解锁螺母的外侧，所述外防退齿与所述内防退齿相匹配，所述外防退齿与所述内防退齿啮合用于限制所述解锁螺母相对于所述螺母转动。
进一步地，所述下锁止机构还包括第一弹性机构和第二弹性机构，所述第一弹性机构套设在所述第二凸台上，所述第一弹性机构设置在所述螺纹部与所述第二法兰面之间，所述第二弹性机构设置在所述顶出块与所述下锁体之间， 所述第二弹性机构在所述顶出块与所述下锁体之间起缓冲作用。
优选地，所述下锁止机构还包括第一限位机构和第二限位机构，所述第一限位机构设置在所述第一内螺纹靠近所述开孔的一侧，所述第二限位机构设置在所述第一内螺纹远离所述开孔的一侧，所述第一限位机构(204)和所述第二限位机构用于限制所述顶出杆的行程。
进一步地，所述装置还包括套筒，所述套筒设有台阶形内腔，所述台阶形内腔贯穿所述套筒，所述台阶形内腔包括相连通的第一腔体和第二腔体，所述第一腔体的直径小于所述第二腔体的内径，所述第一腔体与所述下锁体相匹配，所述第二腔体用于容置所述螺母，所述下锁体还设有锁体法兰台，所述锁体法兰台与所述螺母配合能够锁紧所述套筒。
本发明另一方面保护一种车辆，包括电池包、电池包边梁和上述技术方案所述的用于换电的锁止装置，所述锁止装置用于将所述电池包与所述电池包边梁可拆卸连接。
由于上述技术方案，本发明具有以下有益效果：
1)本发明提供的一种用于换电的锁止装置，通过顶出杆带动所述锁止球运动实现锁止球在解锁位置和锁止位置间运动，且所述锁止球采用线接触配合，极大地减少锁止球与顶出块接触点之间的应力集中问题。
2)本发明通过第二凸台与所述第二凹槽的配合，实现所述解锁螺母与所述顶出杆同步周向旋转，当所述解锁螺母锁定时，所述顶出杆将所述锁止球锁定。
3)本发明通过所述外防退齿和所述内防退齿的啮合实现解锁螺母的锁止，进而实现顶出杆与所述锁止球的锁定，起到机械防退功能，避免了因车辆运行中因振动引起的解锁螺母可能会出现的松脱问题。
4)本发明中，在所述第一弹性机构的弹力作用下，挤压所述解锁螺母和所述螺母，使得所述外防退齿和所述内防退齿相啮合，实现防退；顶升所述解锁螺母对所述第一弹性机构进行挤压，又能够使得所述外防退齿与所述内防退齿解除啮合状态，实现解锁，操作简单便捷。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单的介绍。显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发 明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它附图。
图1是本发明实施例提供的一种用于换电的锁止装置的结构示意图；
图2是所述锁止装置的剖面示意图；
图3是所述所述装置中部分零部件的结构示意图；
图4是所述锁止球、顶出块与所述第二弹性机构的装配示意图；
图5是所述顶出杆、解锁螺母与所述螺母的结构示意图；
图6是所述锁止装置在所述锁止球处于解锁状态时的结构示意图；
图7是所述锁止装置在所述锁止球处于锁止状态时的结构示意图；
图8是所述锁止装置的装配示意图。
图中：10-上锁止机构，101-盖板，102-上锁体，1021-承载面，103-浮动块，1031-承载斜面；
20-下锁止机构，201-锁止球，202-顶出块，2021-导向机构，2022-第一凹槽，203-下锁体，2031-锁体法兰台，2032-锁体头部，2033-开孔，2034-第一内螺纹，2035-第一外螺纹，204第一限位机构，205-顶出杆，2051-第一凸台，2052-第二外螺纹，2053-第二凸台，206-第二限位机构，207-螺母，2071-第二内螺纹，2072-内防退齿，2073-第一法兰面，2074-第一外六角面，208-解锁螺母，2081-第二凹槽，2082-外防退齿，2083-第二外六角面，2084-第二法兰面，209-第一弹性机构，210-第二弹性机构；
30-套筒，31-第一腔体，32-第二腔体；
40-电池包边梁。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明的是，本发明的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便这里描述的本发明的实 施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施。此外，术语“中部”、“上”、“下”、“内”、“外”等指示的方向或位置关系的术语是基于附图所示的方向或位置关系，这仅仅是为了便于描述，而不是指示或暗示所述装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本实用新型的限制；术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
实施例1
结合图1至图7，本实施例提供一种用于换电的锁止装置，包括上锁止机构10和下锁止机构20；所述上锁止机构10和所述下锁止机构20锁止配合能够实现电池包与电池包边梁的安装固定；
所述上锁止机构10包括盖板101、上锁体102和浮动块103，所述上锁体102为中空结构，所述上锁体102内部空腔为圆柱形且所述内部空腔的尺寸略大于所述浮动块103的体积，所述浮动块103设置在所述上锁体102内部空腔中并能够在所述内部空腔中上下浮动；
所述上锁体102内部空腔的底部为承载面1021，所述承载面1021中部设有第一开孔，所述第一开孔与所述内部空腔相连通。具体地，所述承载面1021能够承载所述浮动块103，所述第一开孔的大小能够将所述浮动块103限制在所述上锁体102内；所述上锁体102还设有安装部，所述安装部用于将所述上锁止机构10可拆卸连接在车身上。
所述盖板101其尺寸不小于所述上锁体102的尺寸，所述盖板101用于与所述上锁体102配合使得所述内部空腔密封，从而限制所述浮动块103的浮动空间，同时具有防尘防水的作用。
所述下锁止机构20能够依次通过所述上锁体102第一开孔和所述浮动块103的所述开口伸入所述第一内腔中，所述下锁止机构20包括锁止球201、顶出块202、下锁体203和顶出杆205；
所述下锁体203为外侧壁上设有锁体法兰台2031的圆柱状结构，所述下锁体203为中空结构，所述下锁体203内壁面上设有第一内螺纹2034，所述下锁体203外部设有第一外螺纹2035，所述第一外螺纹2035设置在所述下锁体203外壁下方，所述锁止球201设置在所述下锁体203内，所述下锁体203设有开 孔2033，所述锁止球201的至少部分能够伸出所述开孔2033并与所述浮动块103相抵接，所述顶出块202连接所述锁止球201和所述顶出杆205，所述顶出杆205用于控制所述顶出块202的位置以将所述锁止球201顶出所述开孔2033或使得所述锁止球2033保持在所述下锁体203内。
所述开孔2033设置在所述下锁体203靠近锁体头部2032的一侧，所述开孔2033的孔径小于所述锁止球201的直径，使得所述锁止球201只能部分地伸出而不能完全脱出；并且，当所述顶出块202将所述锁止球202的至少部分顶出所述开口2033时，所述锁止球201运动轨迹呈外八字状，所述锁止球201相对于所述下锁体203的中心位置做向上向外运动。
所述锁体头部2032设有倒角，使得当所述下锁体203伸入所述浮动块103时，能够起导向作用。
需要说明的是，本说明书实施例中，所述开孔2033的数量及尺寸与所述锁止球201的数量及尺寸相匹配，作为示例的，本说明书实施例提供的一种用于换电的锁止装置中，所述锁止球201设有四个，且四个所述锁止球201尺寸相同；相应地，所述开孔2033的数量也为四个，且所述开孔2033的孔径相同。当然了，所述锁止球201可设有其他数量多个，且多个锁止球的尺寸可根据实际使用情况具体设置。
本说明书实施例中，所述浮动块103的第一内腔包括相连通的第一腔室、第二腔室和第三腔室，所述第一腔室和所述第三腔室均为圆柱形，所述开口设置在所述浮动块103靠近所述第三腔室的一侧，所述第一腔室的内径大于所述第三腔室的内径，所述第二腔室内壁为承载斜面1031，由于所述第二腔室连接所述第一腔室和所述第三腔室，因此，所述第二腔室的内壁面呈上大下小的圆锥面状，当所述锁止球201从所述开孔2033中顶出时，所述锁止球201能够与所述承载斜面1031相抵接。
当所述锁止球201伸出所述开孔2033时，所述承载斜面1031为所述锁止球201提供支撑面，由于所述承载斜面1031为上大下小的圆锥面，因此当所述锁止球201伸出量越大，所述锁止球201对所述承载斜面1031的压力越大，实现对所述浮动块103的锁紧。
本说明书实施例中，所述顶出块202设有第一凹槽2022，所述第一凹槽2022的数量与所述锁止球201的数量相匹配，即每个所述锁止球201均有一个所述 第一凹槽2022与之相对，所述锁止球201在所述第一凹槽2022的表面滑动，所述第一凹槽2022与所述锁止球201之间为线接触配合，相邻所述第一凹槽2022之间形成有导向机构2021，所述导向机构2021为所述锁止球201的移动提供导向作用，所述导向机构2021具有一个尖端特征。
所述顶出杆205包括顺次连接的第一凸台2051、螺纹部和第二凸台2053，所述第一凸台2051与所述顶出块202相连接，所述螺纹部设有第二外螺纹2052，所述第二外螺纹2052与所述下锁体203的所述第一内螺纹2034相匹配，所述第二外螺纹2052与所述第一内螺纹2034螺纹配合使得所述顶出杆205能够将旋转力转化为相对于所述下锁体203轴向移动。
本说明书实施例中，所述第二凸台2053为外壁设有凸棱的棱柱，所述凸棱的设置方向与所述第二凸台2053的轴线方向相一致，当然了，除本说明书中所述第二凸台2053所采用的设置方式外，所述第二凸台2053还可以具有其他外形，只需使得所述第二凸台2053垂直于其中心轴线的截面非圆形即可。
所述下锁止机构20还包括螺母207，所述螺母207设有通孔，所述通孔内壁设有第二内螺纹2071和内防退齿2072，所述螺母207外侧设有第一外六角面2074，所述外六角面2074设置在所述螺母207外部且远离所述第二内螺纹2071的一端，所述外六角面2074能够便于通过扳手等工具旋拧所述螺母207，所述第二内螺纹2071与所述下锁体203的所述第一外螺纹2035相匹配。所述螺母207顶部设有第一法兰面2073。
本说明书实施例中，所述下锁止机构20还包括解锁螺母208，所述解锁螺母208设有第二凹槽2081、外防退齿2082和第二法兰面2084，所述第二凹槽2081与所述第二凸台2053相匹配，所述第二凹槽2081与所述第二凸台2053配合使得所述解锁螺母208与所述顶出杆205相对轴向移动和同步周向旋转，所述外防退齿2082设置在所述解锁螺母208的外侧，所述外防退齿2082与所述内防退齿2072相匹配，所述外防退齿2082与所述内防退齿2072啮合用于限制所述解锁螺母208相对于所述螺母207转动，所述第二法兰面2084设置在所述解锁螺母208的顶部。
所述解锁螺母208的外部还设有第二外六角面2083，所述第二外六角面2083能够便于通过扳手等工具旋拧所述解锁螺母207，所述第二外六角面2083与所述外防退齿2082之间设有过渡部，所述外防退齿2082、过渡部和所述第二 外六角面2083的尺寸大小依次减小。
所述螺母207的通孔的孔径大于所述过渡部的尺寸且小于所述外防退齿2082的尺寸，使得所述解锁螺母208靠近其第二外六角面2083的一端能够伸出所述螺母207。
优选地，所述过渡部的长度大于所述解锁螺母208上下浮动的深度，使得当顶升所述解锁螺母208以实现解锁时，如图7所示，所述过渡部仍能够对所述解锁螺母208起到导向作用：所述第二外六角面2083伸出在所述螺母207的通孔外，以便于使用旋拧器械，例如：扳手，实现对所述解锁螺母208的旋拧，便于解锁拆卸操作。
所述下锁止机构20还包括第一弹性机构209和第二弹性机构2010，所述第一弹性机构209与所述第二弹性机构2010均为弹簧，所述第一弹性机构209套设在所述第二凸台2053上，所述第一弹性机构209设置在所述螺纹部与所述第二法兰面2084之间，所述第二弹性机构2010设置在所述顶出块202与所述下锁体203之间，所述第二弹性机构2010在所述顶出块202与所述下锁体203之间起缓冲作用。所述第一弹性机构209处于预先压缩的状态，使得提供所述解锁螺母208一个远离所述螺纹部的预紧力，从而将所述解锁螺母208与所述螺母207相抵并处于啮合状态。所述第一弹性机构209的尺寸大于所述第二凸台2053的尺寸且小于所述螺纹部的尺寸，所述螺纹部将所述第一弹性机构209阻挡在其靠近所述第二凸台2053的一侧。
作为可选地，所述顶出块202的上端面设有第一安装部，所述第一安装部可以为与所述第二弹性机构2010尺寸相适配的圆柱凹槽，所述下锁体203相应地设置有第二安装部，所述第二安装部设置在所述锁体头部2032顶部内臂，所述第二安装部与所述第二弹性机构2010相适配，所述第二弹性机构2010的一端通过所述第一安装部与所述顶出块202相连接，所述第二弹性机构2010的另一端通过所述第二安装部与所述下锁体203相连接。
所述下锁止机构20还包括第一限位机构204和第二限位机构206，所述第一限位机构204和所述第二限位机构206设置在所述下锁体203内部，具体地，所述第一限位机构204设置在所述第一内螺纹2034靠近所述开孔2033的一侧，所述第二限位机构206设置在所述第一内螺纹2034远离所述开孔2033的一侧，所述第一限位机构204和所述第二限位机构206用于限制所述顶出杆205的行 程。所述第一限位机构204与所述第二限位机构206均为圆环形，所述下锁体203内壁面设有分别与所述第一限位机构204和所述第二限位机构206相适配的第一安装槽和第二安装槽，所述第一安装槽与所述第二安装槽均为圆环形凹槽。
本说明书实施例提供的用于换电的锁止装置还套筒30，如图2所示，所述套筒30设有台阶形内腔，所述台阶形内腔贯穿所述套筒30，所述台阶形内腔包括相连通的第一腔体31和第二腔体32，所述第一腔体31的直径小于所述第二腔体32的内径，所述第一腔体31的尺寸与所述下锁体203外径相匹配，所述第二腔体32的尺寸与所述螺母207的尺寸相匹配，所述第二腔体32用于容置所述螺母207，所述下锁体203还设有锁体法兰台2031，所述锁体法兰台2031与所述螺母207配合能够锁紧所述套筒30。
当装配本说明书实施例所述的一种用于换电的锁止装置时，先将所述解锁螺母208装置至所述螺母207中，使得所述解锁螺母208的下端能够从所述螺母207的通孔中部分地伸出；将所述第一弹性机构209套设在所述第二凸台2053上，再将所述第二凸台2053装配至所述第二凹槽2081中，使得所述第一弹性机构209位于所述顶出杆205的螺纹部和所述第二法兰面2084之间，在所述第一弹性机构209的弹力作用下，挤压所述解锁螺母208，使得所述外防退齿2082和所述内防退齿2072相啮合，如图6中b1处所示；啮合后的所述外防退齿2082和所述内防退齿2072使得所述解锁螺母208和所述螺母207无法相对旋转；
将所述顶出杆205、第一弹性机构209、螺母207和所述解锁螺母208的组合件与所述下锁体203和所述套筒30进行装配：旋拧螺母207前，由于所述顶出块202无法提供所述锁止球201顶出所述开孔的力，即此时，所述锁止球201处于未锁定的状态(如图6中a1处所示)；旋拧所述螺母207使得所述解锁螺母208带动所述顶出杆205轴向旋转，在所述第二外螺纹2052与所述第一内螺纹2034的螺纹配合下，所述顶出杆205的相对于所述下锁体203向上顶升，从而将所述锁止球201部分地伸出所述开孔2033并将所述浮动块103抵压(如图7中a2处所示)，实现所述上锁止机构10和所述下锁止机构20的锁止。由于所述套筒30与所述下锁体203的锁体法兰台2031的配合使得所述锁止装置与所述电池包边梁40固定连接。
在对本说明书实施例提供的锁止装置进行拆卸时，需对所述解锁螺母208施加一个大于所述第一弹性机构209弹力的作用力，使得顶升所述解锁螺母208， 进而使得所述外防退齿2082和所述内防退齿2072解除啮合状态，如图7中b2处所示。
当所述外防退齿2082和所述内防退齿2072解除啮合状态后，所述解锁螺母208和所述螺母207能够相对旋转，此时旋拧所述解锁螺母208能够使得所述顶出杆205与所述解锁螺母208同步轴向旋转，进而所述顶出杆205相对于所述下锁体203向下运动，所述锁止球201失去所述顶出块202提供的顶升力，在导向机构2021的导向作用下在所述第一凹槽2022内线性滑动，最终回落至所述下锁体203的空腔内(如图6中a1所示)，所述浮动块103失去所述锁止球201的抵压力，能够在所述上锁体102的内部浮动，实现锁止状态的解除。
本说明书实施例提供的一种用于换电的锁止装置，通过顶出杆带动所述锁止球运动实现锁止球在解锁位置和锁止位置间运动，且所述锁止球采用线接触配合，极大地减少锁止球与顶出块接触点之间的应力集中问题。
通过所述外防退齿和所述内防退齿的啮合实现解锁螺母的锁止，进而实现顶出杆与所述锁止球的锁定，起到机械防退功能，避免了因车辆运行中因振动引起的解锁螺母可能会出现的松脱问题。
所述第一弹性机构的弹力挤压所述解锁螺母208和所述螺母207，使得所述外防退齿2082和所述内防退齿2072相啮合，实现防退；顶升所述解锁螺母208对所述第一弹性机构209进行挤压，又能够使得所述外防退齿2082和所述内防退齿2072解除啮合状态，实现解锁，操作简单便捷；
所述第二凸台2053与所述第二凹槽2081的配合，实现所述解锁螺母208与所述顶出杆205同步周向旋转和轴向相对移动，当所述解锁螺母208锁定时，所述顶出杆205将所述锁止球201锁定。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种车辆，包括电池包、电池包边梁40和如实施例1所述的用于换电的锁止装置，所述锁止装置用于将所述电池包与所述电池包边梁30可拆卸连接。
在将所述锁止装置装配于车辆上时，所述螺母207通过所述套筒夹持住所述电池包边梁40，如图2和图8所示。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此，无论从哪一点来看，均应将实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。不应将权利要求中的任何附图标记视为限制所涉及的权利要求。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于换电的锁止装置，其特征在于，包括上锁止机构(10)和下锁止机构(20)；
    所述上锁止机构(10)包括上锁体(102)和浮动块(103)，所述浮动块(103)设置在所述上锁体(102)内，所述浮动块(103)设有开口和第一内腔，所述开口与所述第一内腔相连通；
    所述下锁止机构(20)能够通过所述开口伸入所述第一内腔，所述下锁止机构(20)包括锁止球(201)、顶出块(202)、下锁体(203)和顶出杆(205)，所述下锁体(203)为中空结构，所述锁止球(201)设置在所述下锁体(203)内，所述下锁体(203)设有开孔(2033)，所述锁止球(201)的至少部分能够伸出所述开孔(2033)并与所述浮动块(103)相抵接，所述顶出块(202)连接所述锁止球(201)和所述顶出杆(205)，所述顶出杆(205)用于控制所述顶出块(202)的位置以将所述锁止球(201)顶出所述开孔(2033)或使得所述锁止球(2033)保持在所述下锁体(203)内。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于换电的锁止装置，其特征在于，所述第一内腔包括相连通的第一腔室、第二腔室和第三腔室，所述第一腔室和所述第三腔室均为圆柱形，所述开口设置在所述浮动块(103)靠近所述第三腔室的一侧，所述第一腔室的内径大于所述第三腔室的内径，所述第二腔室内壁为承载斜面(1031)，当所述锁止球(201)从所述开孔(2033)中顶出时，所述锁止球(201)能够与所述承载斜面(1031)相抵接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于换电的锁止装置，其特征在于，所述顶出块(202)设有第一凹槽(2022)，所述第一凹槽(2022)与所述锁止球(201)线接触配合，相邻所述第一凹槽(2022)之间形成有导向机构(2021)，所述导向机构(2021)为所述锁止球(201)的移动提供导向作用。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种用于换电的锁止装置，其特征在于，所述顶出杆(205)包括顺次连接的第一凸台(2051)、螺纹部和第二凸台(2053)，所述第一凸台(2051)与所述顶出块(202)相连接，所述螺纹部设有第二外螺 纹(2052)，所述下锁体(203)内壁面设有第一内螺纹(2034)，所述第一内螺纹(2034)与所述第二外螺纹(2052)相匹配，所述第一内螺纹(2034)与所述第二外螺纹(2052)螺纹配合使得所述顶出杆(205)相对于所述下锁体(203)轴向移动。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种用于换电的锁止装置，其特征在于，所述下锁止机构(20)还包括螺母(207)，所述螺母(207)设有通孔，所述通孔内壁设有第二内螺纹(2071)和内防退齿(2072)，所述螺母(207)外侧设有第一外六角面(2074)，所述外六角面(2074)设置在所述螺母(207)远离所述第二内螺纹(2071)的一端，所述下锁体(203)外壁面设有第一外螺纹(2035)，所述第二内螺纹(2071)与所述第一外螺纹(2035)相匹配。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种用于换电的锁止装置，其特征在于，所述下锁止机构(20)还包括解锁螺母(208)，所述解锁螺母(208)设有第二凹槽(2081)、外防退齿(2082)和第二法兰面(2084)，所述第二凹槽(2081)与所述第二凸台(2053)相匹配，所述第二凹槽(2081)与所述第二凸台(2053)配合使得所述解锁螺母(208)与所述顶出杆(205)相对轴向移动和同步周向旋转，所述外防退齿(2082)设置在所述解锁螺母(208)的外侧，所述外防退齿(2082)与所述内防退齿(2072)相匹配，所述外防退齿(2082)与所述内防退齿(2072)啮合用于限制所述解锁螺母(208)相对于所述螺母(207)转动。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种用于换电的锁止装置，其特征在于，所述下锁止机构(20)还包括第一弹性机构(209)和第二弹性机构(2010)，所述第一弹性机构(209)套设在所述第二凸台(2053)上，所述第一弹性机构(209)设置在所述螺纹部与所述第二法兰面(2084)之间，所述第二弹性机构(2010)设置在所述顶出块(202)与所述下锁体(203)之间，所述第二弹性机构(2010)在所述顶出块(202)与所述下锁体(203)之间起缓冲作用。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种用于换电的锁止装置，其特征在于，所述下 锁止机构(20)还包括第一限位机构(204)和第二限位机构(206)，所述第一限位机构(204)设置在所述第一内螺纹(2034)靠近所述开孔(2033)的一侧，所述第二限位机构(206)设置在所述第一内螺纹(2034)远离所述开孔(2033)的一侧，所述第一限位机构(204)和所述第二限位机构(206)用于限制所述顶出杆(205)的行程。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的一种用于换电的锁止装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括套筒(30)，所述套筒(30)设有台阶形内腔，所述台阶形内腔贯穿所述套筒(30)，所述台阶形内腔包括相连通的第一腔体(31)和第二腔体(32)，所述第一腔体(31)的直径小于所述第二腔体(32)的内径，所述第一腔体(31)与所述下锁体(203)相匹配，所述第二腔体(32)用于容置所述螺母(207)，所述下锁体(203)还设有锁体法兰台(2031)，所述锁体法兰台(2031)与所述螺母(207)配合能够锁紧所述套筒(30)。
  10. 一种车辆，其特征在于，包括电池包、电池包边梁(40)和如权利要求1-9任意一项所述的用于换电的锁止装置，所述锁止装置用于将所述电池包与所述电池包边梁(40)可拆卸连接。
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