WO2020244406A1 - 一种岩石劈裂机的劈裂棒 - Google Patents

一种岩石劈裂机的劈裂棒 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020244406A1
WO2020244406A1 PCT/CN2020/092119 CN2020092119W WO2020244406A1 WO 2020244406 A1 WO2020244406 A1 WO 2020244406A1 CN 2020092119 W CN2020092119 W CN 2020092119W WO 2020244406 A1 WO2020244406 A1 WO 2020244406A1
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Prior art keywords
splitting
layer
rod
splitting rod
pressure
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PCT/CN2020/092119
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张薇
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张薇
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Application filed by 张薇 filed Critical 张薇
Publication of WO2020244406A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020244406A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
    • E21C37/06—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole
    • E21C37/10—Devices with expanding elastic casings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of rock mass splitting and crushing in mining and engineering construction, in particular to a splitting rod of a rock splitting machine.
  • the existing hydraulic rock splitting machine is composed of a hydraulic pump station, a hydraulic pipe and several splitting rods (as shown in Figure 1). When using it, first drill several holes in the rock, and then insert several splitting rods In the hole, the high-pressure liquid is then fed into the splitting rod by the pumping station through the hydraulic pipe. The splitting rod expands to the periphery, exerting pressure on the rock hole wall, and the rock cracks.
  • the splitting rod of the existing rock splitting machine has three types: wedge type, piston type and two-piece type (as shown in Figure 2-4). Regardless of the form, the pressure bearing components are made of metal hard materials. During the working process, the reaction force of the external rock on the splitting rod is sometimes uneven and asymmetrical, and the direction is not all radial. Especially when the rock has cracks, the direction of the reaction force applied to the splitting rod is disorderly. Under the action of irregular force, the metal hard pressure-bearing force-receiving component will deform, causing the original gap of the cavity containing the high-pressure liquid to increase, resulting in oil leakage. It is still difficult to avoid this problem in the existing pressure-bearing components made of other high-strength hard materials.
  • the present invention provides a splitting rod of a rock splitting machine, which uses a flexible material as a pressure-bearing component.
  • the specific technical solutions are as follows:
  • a splitting rod of a rock splitting machine is characterized in that the main body of the splitting rod is made of a flexible material, and the Shore hardness of the flexible material is less than 50D.
  • the main body of the splitting rod is a two-layer structure composed of a sealed inner lining layer made of flexible rubber and plastic materials and a pressure bearing layer made of high-strength fiber woven cloth.
  • the flexible rubber The Shore hardness of the plastic material is less than 50D, and the tensile strength of the high-strength fiber is greater than 100 MPa.
  • the main body of the splitting rod is a single-layer structure made of high-strength fiber-reinforced flexible rubber-plastic composite material that simultaneously realizes sealing and pressure bearing, and the tensile strength of the high-strength fiber is greater than 100MPa , The Shore hardness of the flexible rubber-plastic material is less than 50D.
  • the sealing inner lining layer of the splitting rod is provided with several folds along the circumferential direction, so that the folds are stretched after being filled with pressurized liquid, and the diameter of the splitting rod is increased; or the sealing of the splitting rod
  • the inner lining layer is made of elastic rubber and plastic material, so that the diameter of the splitting rod increases after the pressurized liquid is filled.
  • the pressure-bearing layer of the splitting rod is provided with several folds along the circumferential direction, so that the folds are stretched after the pressurized liquid is filled, and the diameter of the splitting rod increases; or the diameter of the splitting rod is increased; or
  • the pressure bearing layer is made of elastic cloth woven by high-strength fibers, so that the diameter of the splitting rod increases after the pressurized liquid is filled, and the tensile strength of the high-strength fibers is greater than 100 MPa.
  • the sealing and pressure bearing layer is provided with several folds along the circumferential direction, so that the folds are stretched after the pressurized liquid is filled, and the diameter of the splitting rod increases; or the sealing and pressure bearing layer
  • the layer is composed of elastic cloth woven by the high-strength fiber and elastic rubber or elastic plastic, so that the diameter of the splitting rod increases after the pressurized liquid is filled, and the tensile strength of the high-strength fiber is greater than 100MPa .
  • the split rod further includes a cut-resistant layer sheathed outside the single-layer or two-layer structure, and the cut-resistant layer is a cut-resistant fiber woven fabric or a non-woven fabric.
  • the cut-resistant layer is provided with several folds in the circumferential direction, so that the folds are stretched after the pressurized liquid is filled, and the diameter of the splitting rod increases; or the cut-resistant layer is woven from cut-resistant fibers It is made of elastic cloth, so that the diameter of the splitting rod increases after the pressurized liquid is filled.
  • the splitting rod also includes a metal telescopic shell located on the outermost side, and the thickness ⁇ of the metal telescopic shell satisfies
  • R 0 is the outer radius of the overall structure of the splitting rod
  • R eL is the yield strength of the metal retractable shell material
  • P is the maximum pressure of the internal liquid.
  • the metal telescopic shell is composed of a plurality of metal arc-shaped pieces evenly arranged in the circumferential direction, the head of any metal arc-shaped piece is located on the outside of the next metal arc-shaped piece, and the tail is located on the previous one.
  • the inner side of the metal arc-shaped sheet thereby forming a scaly-like structure with overlapping layers.
  • the metal telescopic shell is made of shape memory alloy.
  • the inlet and outlet parts of the pressure bearing layer are made of a hard material formed by the combination of the high-strength fiber woven cloth and the matrix material and solidification.
  • the pressure bearing layer and the The inlet and outlet parts of the sealing lining layer are tightly joined, the outside of the pressure bearing layer is tightly joined with a metal reinforcement layer, and the inside of the sealing lining layer is tightly joined with another metal reinforcement layer to form The interface of the split rod.
  • the inner and outer parts of the inlet and outlet of the sealed and pressure bearing layer are tightly joined with the metal reinforcement layer to form the interface of the splitting rod.
  • the metal reinforcement layer tightly connected to the inner side of the inlet and outlet of the sealed inner lining layer and the sealed and pressure-bearing force-bearing layer fits the bottleneck and bends.
  • the inlet and outlet parts of the rubber and plastic materials used to manufacture the sealing lining layer and the sealed and pressure-bearing stress layer are formulated to increase the hardness so that the Shore hardness is greater than 50A, forming a two-stage type with upper hard and soft lower material.
  • the outer surface of the sealed inner lining layer, the inner and outer surfaces of the pressure bearing layer, the outer surface of the sealed and pressure bearing layer, the inner and outer surfaces of the anti-cut layer, and the inner surface of the metal retractable shell Teflon coating treatment are provided.
  • the present invention uses flexible materials as the pressure-bearing force element, when the external rock reaction force is uneven and the direction is different, the pressure-bearing force element will only deform without being damaged, and the gap of the cavity containing the high-pressure liquid is also sealed Will not be affected by the deformation of the flexible pressure bearing layer, so there will be no oil leakage.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a complete set of equipment for an existing rock splitting machine
  • Figure 2 is a working schematic diagram of an existing wedge-type splitting rod
  • Figure 3 is a working schematic diagram of a conventional piston splitting rod
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the existing two-piece splitting rod
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the splitting rod of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a split rod with a two-layer structure and a split rod with a single-layer structure of the present invention
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of two forms of the split rod of the two-layer structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of two forms of the splitting rod of the single-layer structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a longitudinal section of two types of splitting rods after adding a cut-resistant layer
  • Figure 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a two-layer structure splitting rod with two types of cut-resistant layers added;
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of two types of splitting rods with a cut-resistant layer and a metal retractable shell added;
  • Figure 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a split rod with a cut-resistant layer and a metal retractable shell added on the basis of Figure 7;
  • Figure 13 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a splitting rod with a cut-resistant layer and a metal retractable shell added on the basis of Figure 8;
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of the inlet and outlet positions of the splitting rod of the two-layer structure and the single-layer structure of the present invention.
  • the existing complete equipment of the rock splitting machine includes a hydraulic pump station 1, a hydraulic pipe 2 and a splitting rod 5.
  • the hydraulic pipe 2 is connected between the hydraulic pumping station 1 and the splitting rod 5.
  • the splitting rod 5 has been placed in the rock hole 6 in FIG. 1, and the figure shows a cross-sectional view of the rock along the hole axis.
  • a number of holes 6 are prefabricated in the rock.
  • the number of holes 6 is equal to the number of split rods 5.
  • a splitting rod 5 is placed in each hole.
  • the size and shape of the prefabricated hole are set to be similar to the splitting rod 5 and the wall of the prefabricated hole can be pressed after the splitting rod 5 is slightly expanded.
  • the hydraulic pipe 2 is a high-pressure oil pipe.
  • the splitting machine also preferably includes an energy distributor 3 for adjusting the flow or pressure of the fluid from the hydraulic pump station 1, and the energy distributor 3 is connected between the hydraulic pump station 1 and the splitting rod 5 through a hydraulic pipe 2. .
  • the pressurized liquid enters the distributor body 31 from the oil outlet 13 of the pump station 1 through the upstream pipe 21 of the hydraulic pipe 2 through the distributor oil inlet 32, and the distributor body 31 will obtain the pressurized liquid from the distributor oil inlet 32 Distributed to the first oil outlet 33 of the distributor, the second oil outlet 34 of the distributor, the third oil outlet 35 of the distributor and the fourth oil outlet 36 of the distributor.
  • the pressurized liquid enters the corresponding splitting rod 5 through the first branch pipe 22, the second branch pipe 23, the third branch pipe 24 and the fourth branch pipe 25 of the pipeline 2 through the oil outlets of these distributors. After the splitting rod 5 expands, it squeezes the rock hole wall, causing the rock to fragment. It should be noted that the various components in Figure 1 are not drawn to scale. In order to better show the details, the size of the illustration of the split rod 5 has been enlarged.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a wedge-type splitting rod in the prior art.
  • the splitting rod includes a piston hydraulic cylinder 1, an opposed sliding block 2 and a central wedge 3.
  • the interior of the piston hydraulic cylinder 1 is mainly a piston, and the piston and the center wedge 3 are made into one body.
  • the connection between the opposite sliding block 2 and the bottom of the piston hydraulic cylinder 1 is a movable connection, which can slide in a horizontal direction.
  • the components are all made of high-strength alloy steel. When working, put the slider wedge assembly into the prefabricated rock hole 4, and the diameter of the hole 4 is prefabricated slightly larger than the slider wedge assembly.
  • the piston hydraulic cylinder 1 When the pressurized liquid enters the piston hydraulic cylinder 1, the piston is pushed to move down, and the central wedge 3 made integral with the piston is also pushed to move down. Since the center wedge 3 and the opposing slider 2 are in inclined contact and fit, when the center wedge 3 moves downward, the opposing slider 2 will be thrust in the left and right directions.
  • the opposite sliding block 2 has been set to be slidable, so the opposite sliding block 2 will be separated to the left and right sides, contacting and pressing the wall of the rock hole 4, causing the rock to crack.
  • the shape of the prefabricated hole 4 in the rock is often irregular, sometimes there will be oblique holes and bent holes, which causes the reaction force exerted by the rock on the slider wedge combination except F1
  • F2 direction In addition to the direction, there is the F2 direction.
  • the force in the F2 direction will cause the deformation and position shift of the slider wedge combination. Since the center wedge 3 and the piston are integrated, the piston will also deform and shift in position. Under high pressure, the piston hydraulic cylinder 1 leaks oil.
  • the force in the F1 direction is not uniform everywhere, which also causes slight deformation of the slider wedge combination and the piston, causing oil leakage in the piston hydraulic cylinder 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a piston splitting rod in the prior art.
  • This type of splitting head includes a hydraulic cylinder 1 and several pistons 2. The contact surface between the piston 2 and the hydraulic cylinder 1 is sealed. The components are all made of high-strength alloy steel.
  • the splitting rod When working, the splitting rod is put into the prefabricated rock hole 3, and the diameter of the hole 3 is prefabricated slightly larger than the diameter of the splitting rod when the pressure is relieved.
  • the piston 2 is pushed out, contacts and squeezes the wall of the rock hole 3, causing the rock to crack.
  • the shape of the holes 3 prefabricated in the rock is often irregular.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of a two-piece splitting rod.
  • the appearance of this kind of splitting rod is cylindrical, and the figure is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the cross section.
  • the splitting rod includes pressure bearing shells 51 and 55, opposed wedges 52 and 54 and a rubber tube 53 for containing liquid. Except for the hose 53, the other parts are made of high-strength alloy steel.
  • the pressure bearing shells 51 and 55 and the opposing wedges 52 and 54 jointly enclose a cavity, which contains high-pressure liquid.
  • the elastic hose plays a role of isolating the liquid and the metal cavity, and at the same time it also plays a role of sealing.
  • the splitting rod When working, the splitting rod is put into the prefabricated rock hole, the diameter of the hole is prefabricated slightly larger than the diameter of the splitting rod when the pressure is relieved.
  • the pressurized liquid enters the hose 53, the hose 53 expands and squeezes the pressure-bearing shells 51 and 55 and the wedges 52 and 54 to separate the pressure-bearing shells 51 and 55 to both sides, and the wedges 52 and 54 also slide to both sides separately.
  • the pressure bearing shells 51 and 55 contact and squeeze the rock hole wall, causing the rock to crack.
  • the shape of the prefabricated holes in the rock is often irregular.
  • the reaction force exerted by the rock on the pressure-bearing shells 51 and 55 is uneven and the direction is different, which causes the pressure-bearing shells 51 and 55 to deform.
  • the pressure-bearing shells 51 and 55 and the wedge 52 and The gap between 54 becomes larger, and the hose 53 ruptures under the high pressure of the internal liquid, causing oil leakage.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the splitting rod of the present invention. It should be pointed out that the various components in Figures 5-14 are not drawn to scale. Therefore, the illustrated dimensions between the various components in the figures are not intended to imply or limit the size and relative size of the components.
  • the main body of the splitting rod of the present invention is made of a flexible material, and the Shore hardness of the flexible material is less than 50D.
  • the splitting rod of the present application is in the shape of a slender cylindrical bottle, with one or two inlets and outlets on the upper part, which are connected to the hydraulic pipeline through a quick connector, and the lower part is the bottom.
  • the above import and export form will be introduced in detail as an example.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a split rod with a two-layer structure and a split rod with a single-layer structure of the present invention
  • Embodiment 1 As one of the embodiments, it is called Embodiment 1. As shown in Figure 6a, it is composed of a sealing inner liner 1 made of flexible rubber and plastic material and a pressure bearing layer 2 made of high-strength fiber woven cloth In the two-layer structure, the Shore hardness of the flexible rubber-plastic material is less than 50D, and the tensile strength of the high-strength fiber is greater than 100MPa. The pressure of the high-pressure liquid on the layer wall is borne by the high-strength fiber woven cloth, while the reaction force of the rock is also borne by the high-strength fiber woven cloth, and the internal rubber and plastic materials play a role of sealing the liquid.
  • the high-strength fiber woven cloth is not only a flexible material, but also has high tensile strength, which can fully withstand the pressure exerted by the internal high-pressure liquid and the external rock.
  • the flexible material will only deform and not be damaged when the external rock reaction force is uneven and the direction is different.
  • the gap of the cavity containing the high-pressure liquid is sealed at the inlet and outlet of the sealing liner 1, and it will not be subjected to flexible pressure bearing force.
  • Layer 2 and the sealing inner lining layer 1 are affected by deformation, so there is no oil leakage.
  • the inlet and outlet parts of the pressure bearing layer 2 are made of a hard material formed by compounding and curing the high-strength fiber woven cloth and the matrix material.
  • the high-strength fiber reacts with the matrix material at an interface, and is chemically firmly combined to form a uniform overall hard material. After this treatment, the pressure bearing layer 2 becomes a two-stage material with hard upper and soft lower.
  • the matrix material can be thermosetting resins such as epoxy resins, phenolic resins, thermoplastic resins such as polyetheretherketone, rubber, ceramics, metals, etc., which are suitable for compounding with high-strength fibers.
  • the pressure bearing layer 2 is tightly connected with the inlet and outlet of the sealing inner lining layer 1, and the outer side of the pressure bearing layer 2 is tightly connected with a layer of metal reinforcement layer 4, and the sealing The inner side of the inner liner 1 is tightly joined with another metal reinforcement layer 3.
  • the connection method is socket connection or threaded connection, both of which adopt interference fit.
  • the interface of the split rod is formed.
  • a threaded connection is adopted between the metal reinforcement layer 3 and the metal reinforcement layer 4, and the metal reinforcement layer 3 is provided with internal threads for connection with the quick connector.
  • the splitting rod is a flexible sealing and pressure bearing layer 5 made of high-strength fiber reinforced rubber-plastic composite material.
  • the high-strength fiber The tensile strength of the flexible rubber-plastic material is greater than 100MPa, the Shore hardness of the flexible rubber-plastic material is less than 50D, and the high-strength fiber braided or wound cloth and the rubber-plastic material undergo an interface reaction, and are chemically firmly combined to form a uniform overall material.
  • the high-strength fiber woven or winding cloth is the skeleton, which plays the role of force, and the rubber and plastic materials play the role of bonding and filling.
  • the pressure of the high-pressure liquid on the layer wall is borne by the high-strength fiber-reinforced rubber-plastic composite material, and the reaction force of the rock is also borne by the high-strength fiber-reinforced rubber-plastic composite material, and the high-strength fiber-reinforced rubber-plastic composite material also functions as a liquid seal.
  • the high-strength fiber-reinforced rubber-plastic composite material is not only a flexible material, but also has high tensile strength, and can fully withstand the pressure exerted by internal high-pressure liquid and external rocks. The flexible material will only deform and not be damaged when the external rock reaction force is uneven and the direction is different.
  • the gap of the cavity containing the high-pressure liquid is sealed at the inlet and outlet of the sealed and pressure-bearing layer 5, and it will not be affected by this layer. 5The influence of deformation, so there will be no oil leakage.
  • the inside of the inlet and outlet of the sealed and pressure-bearing layer 5 is tightly joined with the metal reinforcement layer 3, and the outer layer is tightly joined with the metal reinforcement layer 4 to form the interface of the splitting rod, and the joining method is socket connection Or threaded connection, all adopt interference fit.
  • a threaded connection is adopted between the metal reinforcement layer 3 and the metal reinforcement layer 4, and the metal reinforcement layer 3 is provided with internal threads for connection with the quick connector.
  • the present invention focuses on providing new materials and new structures as pressure-bearing components. Therefore, the diagram also mainly shows the design structures of pressure-bearing components and sealing components. It is drawn without detailed illustration.
  • the splitting rod When the splitting machine is working, the splitting rod is put into the rock hole, and the pressurized liquid acts on the sealed and pressure-bearing layer 5 to expand it, thereby squeezing the surrounding rock to crack.
  • the metal reinforcement layer 3 tightly connected to the inside of the inlet and outlet of the sealing lining layer 1 and the sealing and pressure bearing layer 5 is made long and The curved sheet fits the neck of the bottle.
  • the internal liquid pressure F acts on the pressing plate the metal deforms elastically, and the pressing plate position moves upward to compress the sealing inner lining layer 1 or the sealing and pressure bearing layer 5 to further play a sealing role.
  • the high-strength fiber woven fabric adopts carbon fiber, aramid fiber, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, boron fiber, glass fiber, polyester fiber, polyamide fiber, etc.
  • One or several kinds of high-strength fibers are woven, and the woven fabric can have several layers.
  • the sealing inner lining layer 1 is made of flexible rubber or flexible plastic material.
  • the rubber or plastic material can be various flexible synthetic rubbers, natural rubber, reclaimed rubber, thermoplastic elastomers, general plastics, engineering plastics, thermoset plastics, etc. .
  • the fiber cloth in the high-strength fiber reinforced rubber-plastic composite material adopts carbon fiber, aramid fiber, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, boron fiber, and glass.
  • Fiber, polyester fiber, polyamide fiber and other high-strength fibers are made by weaving or winding one or more of them, and they are combined with rubber and plastic materials as a whole.
  • the woven or wound cloth can have several layers.
  • the rubber and plastic materials can be flexible rubbers and plastics.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of two forms of the splitting rod of the two-layer structure of the present invention.
  • the sealing inner lining layer 1 of the splitting rod is provided with several folds in the circumferential direction, so that the folds are filled with pressurized liquid.
  • the sealing inner lining layer 1 of the splitting rod is made of elastic rubber or elastic plastic material, so that the diameter of the splitting rod increases after the pressurized liquid is filled;
  • the pressure-bearing layer 2 of the splitting rod is provided with several folds along the circumferential direction, so that the folds are stretched after the pressurized liquid is filled, and the diameter of the splitting rod increases; or the pressure-bearing force of the splitting rod
  • the layer 2 is made of elastic cloth woven by high-strength fibers, so that the diameter of the splitting rod increases after the pressurized liquid is filled, and the tensile strength of the high-strength fibers is greater than 100 MPa.
  • the splitting rod When working, the splitting rod is put into a prefabricated rock hole whose diameter is slightly larger than the diameter of the splitting rod.
  • the wrinkles of the splitting rod When the pressurized liquid enters the splitting rod, the wrinkles of the splitting rod are gradually flattened and stretched or the diameter becomes larger.
  • the diameter of the entire device gradually increases until it touches the rock hole wall, and continues to pressurize the surrounding rock to crack. In this process, the huge pressure exerted by the internal high-pressure liquid on the splitting rod component and the reaction force generated by the external rock on it are borne by the flexible pressure bearing layer 2.
  • the high-strength fiber woven cloth is tightly woven by advanced methods, so that the flexible sealing lining layer 1 made of rubber and plastic materials can seal the pores of the woven cloth, and the high-pressure liquid is sealed in the sealing lining layer 1 without permeation leak.
  • the splitting rod part expands until the pressure bearing layer 2 is fully extended, the work stops and the pressure is relieved, and the splitting rod retracts to its original shape.
  • the sealed and pressure-bearing layer 5 is provided with several folds along the circumferential direction, so that the folds are pulled after being filled with pressurized liquid
  • the diameter of the split rod increases; or the sealed and pressure-bearing layer 5 is composed of elastic cloth woven from the high-strength fiber and elastic rubber or elastic plastic, so that the pressurized liquid is filled with
  • the diameter of the post-split rod increases, and the tensile strength of the high-strength fiber is greater than 100 MPa.
  • the splitting rod When working, the splitting rod is put into a prefabricated rock hole whose diameter is slightly larger than the diameter of the splitting rod.
  • the pressurized liquid enters the splitting rod, the wrinkles of the splitting rod are gradually flattened and stretched or the diameter becomes larger.
  • the diameter of the entire device gradually increases until it touches the rock hole wall, and continues to pressurize the surrounding rock to crack. During this process, the huge pressure exerted by the internal high-pressure liquid on the splitting rod component and the reaction force generated by the external rock on it are borne by the sealed and pressure-bearing bearing layer 5.
  • the high-strength fiber woven or wound cloth used to strengthen the rubber and plastic materials is tightly woven or wound by advanced methods, so that the rubber and plastic materials can seal and fill the pores of the woven or wound cloth, and the high-pressure liquid is sealed in the seal and under pressure. There is no leakage in the force layer 5.
  • the splitting rod component expands to be sealed and the pressure bearing layer 5 is fully extended, the work stops and the pressure is relieved, and the splitting rod retracts to its original shape.
  • the pressure-bearing and force-receiving elements are made of flexible materials.
  • the pressure bearing layer 2 together with the sealing lining layer 1 or the sealed and pressure bearing layer 5 undergoes various deformations, which will not cause oil leakage in the cylinder.
  • the number of folds of the sealed inner liner 1 and the pressure-bearing layer 2 shown in FIG. 7 and the sealed and pressure-bearing layer 5 shown in FIG. 8 can be several, and is not limited to the figure. The 4 shown.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of two types of splitting rods added with a cut-resistant layer.
  • the splitting rod also includes a cut-resistant layer 6 sheathed outside the single-layer or two-layer structure.
  • the cut-resistant layer 6 is a cut-resistant fiber woven fabric or non-woven fabric, and the cut resistance is higher than the national standard level 4.
  • the expansion of the splitting rod causes the rock hole to crack. Due to the irregular opening of the crack path, a small piece of rubble will collapse. The edges of the gravel are sharp, and under great pressure, a great cutting force and acupuncture force will be applied to the splitting rod, resulting in damage to the splitting rod.
  • the cut-resistant layer 6 is a woven fabric woven from long fibers among all cut-resistant fibers such as ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers, aramid fibers, metal fibers, and glass fibers, or non-woven fabrics bonded and reinforced by short fibers.
  • cut-resistant fibers such as ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers, aramid fibers, metal fibers, and glass fibers, or non-woven fabrics bonded and reinforced by short fibers.
  • Both the woven fabric and the non-woven fabric can be made of a single fiber, or can be made of a mixture of several fibers or bonded and reinforced.
  • the above-mentioned fibers have high cutting strength, and the formed cloth also has certain puncture resistance, which can protect the internal stress and sealing elements from damage when the splitting rod is cut by external gravel.
  • the cut-resistant layer 6 is in the shape of a bag.
  • the fixing method of the cut-resistant layer 6 can be binding, bonding, or adding a hard ring to block the internal bottleneck.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a two-layer structure splitting rod with two forms of cut-resistant layers.
  • the cut-resistant layer 6 is provided with several folds in the circumferential direction, so that the folds are stretched after being filled with pressurized liquid.
  • the diameter of the splitting rod is increased; or the anti-cutting layer 6 is made of an elastic cloth woven from cut-resistant fibers, so that the diameter of the splitting rod is increased after the pressurized liquid is filled.
  • the deformation principle of the cut-resistant layer 6 is the same as that of the sealing inner lining layer 1.
  • the above-mentioned two forms of the anti-cutting layer 6 can be arbitrarily matched with various forms of the pressure-bearing force layer 2, the sealing inner lining layer 1, and the sealing and pressure-bearing force layer 5.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of two types of splitting rods with a cut-resistant layer and a metal retractable shell added.
  • the metal telescopic shell 7 is located on the outermost layer of the splitting rod, has a cylindrical shape, and is composed of at least one shell. These shells are designed in a telescopic form for expansion. When working, the expansion of the splitting rod causes the rock hole to crack. Due to the irregular opening of the crack path, a small piece of rubble will collapse. The edges of the gravel are sharp, and under great pressure, a great cutting force and acupuncture force will be applied to the splitting rod, resulting in damage to the splitting rod.
  • the cut-resistant layer 6 sheathed on the sealed inner lining layer 1 and the pressure-bearing layer 2 or the sealed and pressure-bearing layer 5 is made of cloth made of fiber materials, and its protective ability is relatively weak. Breakage and failure may occur even when the cutting force and the needling force are particularly large.
  • the metal retractable shell 7 is located on the outermost layer of the splitting rod to protect all other components. Metal materials have stronger shear resistance and puncture resistance, which can ensure that the internal fiber-based components are not damaged. When working, due to uneven force, the metal telescopic shell 7 will be deformed, and the sharp edges of the shell will be lifted and cut to the internal components. At this time, the function of the anti-cut layer 6 is changed to prevent the edge of the shell from being cut and protect the interior. Forced and sealed components.
  • the metal telescopic shell 7 is composed of at least one shell, and the telescopic parts between the shells are precisely matched. In this way, when we design the splitting rod as a two-layer structure with only a metal telescopic shell and an internal sealing layer, the internal Under the sealing action of the sealing layer, the internal high-pressure liquid will not seep out from the gap of the telescopic part of the shell.
  • R 0 is the outer radius of the overall structure of the splitting rod
  • R eL is the yield strength of the metal telescopic shell material
  • P is the maximum pressure of the internal liquid.
  • the above-mentioned splitting rod is designed with only two layers of metal retractable shell and internal sealing layer, the high-pressure liquid Will not leak out.
  • the thickness of the metal retractable shell When the strength of the shell is insufficient, deformation will occur under the action of internal and external pressures, resulting in the expansion of the gap between the telescopic parts of the metal telescopic shell and the failure of the precision fit between the shells.
  • the thickness of the metal retractable shell 7 At this time, the shell 7 will not be used as the pressure-bearing component of the splitting rod. At this time, the flexible pressure-bearing layer 2 or the flexible sealing and pressure-bearing layer 5 inside the metal retractable shell 7 will Force effect.
  • the thickness ⁇ of the metal telescopic shell 7 satisfies
  • R 0 is the radius of the split rod
  • R eL is the yield strength of the shell material
  • P is the maximum pressure of the internal liquid.
  • the thickness of the metal retractable shell 7 is much smaller than that of other types of splitting rods in the prior art, so that firstly, the weight of the splitting rod can be reduced, and the second can increase the internal volume of the splitting rod. , Increase the internal liquid action area and increase the output pressure.
  • the metal telescopic shell 7 is composed of a plurality of metal arc-shaped sheets stacked and crossed in the circumferential direction, the head of any metal arc-shaped sheet is located on the outside of the next metal arc-shaped sheet, and the tail is located in the previous one.
  • the inner side of the metal arc-shaped sheet thereby forming a scaly-like structure with overlapping layers.
  • the scale is at least one piece, that is, one cylinder has one opening; two pieces have two openings...The more the number of scales, the greater the flexibility of the shell 7 and the easier it is to fit the deformed rock hole wall.
  • each circle of scales of the shell 7 is fixed on the elastic rubber ring 9 so that the scales can be pulled apart.
  • each scale is bent into a hook shape and hung on the rubber ring 9.
  • Several rubber rings 9 are interconnected by rubber wires to form a skeleton network where the scales are attached.
  • the upper part of the skeleton net is tied and hung on a short shell 8 made of elastic material.
  • the short shell 8 is fixed to the pressure-bearing layer 2 or the inlet and outlet of the pressure-bearing and pressure-bearing layer 5, and the fixing method can be any method such as binding, bonding or clamping.
  • the material of the metal retractable shell 7 is a shape memory alloy such as a titanium nickel alloy.
  • the shell 7 made of shape memory alloy is deformed due to the uneven and different direction of the external rock hole wall at normal temperature, and the flexibility of expansion and contraction becomes poor. After being heated to a certain temperature, it can restore the original shape and can be re-inserted. use.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a splitting rod with a cut-resistant layer and a metal retractable shell added on the basis of Fig. 7.
  • the sealing inner lining layer 1, the pressure bearing layer 2 and the anti-cutting layer 6 have a number of folds when the inside of the splitting rod is vented and relieved.
  • the telescopic housing 7 is also in a contracted state, and the entire device has a smaller diameter.
  • the splitting rod is put into a prefabricated rock hole whose diameter is slightly larger than the diameter of the splitting rod.
  • the folds of the sealing inner lining layer 1, the pressure bearing layer 2 and the anti-cutting layer 6 are gradually flattened and stretched, and the metal retractable shell 7 is attached to drive the shell to extend.
  • the diameter of the entire device gradually increases until it touches the rock hole wall, and continues to pressurize the surrounding rock to crack.
  • the splitting rod component expands until the pressure bearing layer 2 is fully extended, the work stops and the pressure is relieved.
  • the sealing inner lining layer 1, the pressure bearing layer 2 and the anti-cutting layer 6 are retracted to their original state to produce wrinkles, and the metal can stretch
  • the shell 7 of the housing 7 shrinks, and the diameter of the entire device is reduced and restored to its original shape.
  • Example 2 it is called Example 2.
  • the elastic sealing lining layer 1, the elastic pressure bearing layer 2, and the elastic cutting prevention layer 6 are in small diameters when the inside of the splitting rod is vented and relieved of pressure.
  • the metal telescopic housing 7 is also in a contracted state, and the entire device has a smaller diameter.
  • the diameter of the hole is prefabricated slightly larger than the diameter of the splitting rod.
  • the diameter of the entire device When extended, the diameter of the entire device gradually increases until it touches the rock hole wall, and continues to pressurize the surrounding rock to crack.
  • the splitting rod component expands to the extent that the elastic force of the pressure-bearing layer 2 is fully stretched, the work stops and the pressure is relieved, and the sealing lining layer 1, the pressure-bearing layer 2 and the cut-resistant layer 6 are retracted to their original state due to their own elastic force. It becomes thinner and smaller, and the metal telescopic shell 7 shrinks, and the diameter of the entire device becomes smaller and restores its original shape.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a splitting rod with an anti-cut layer and a metal retractable shell added on the basis of Fig. 8. As one of the embodiments, it is called the first embodiment. As shown in Figure 13ab, when the inside of the splitting rod is vented and pressure relieved, it is sealed and the pressure bearing layer 5 and the anti-cutting layer 6 have several folds, and the metal retractable shell 7 is also In a compressed state, the entire device has a smaller diameter. When working, the splitting rod is put into a prefabricated rock hole whose diameter is slightly larger than the diameter of the splitting rod.
  • the splitting rod when the inside of the splitting rod is vented and relieved, it is elastically sealed and the pressure bearing layer 5 and the elastic cut-resistant layer 6 are in a small diameter state, and the metal is stretchable
  • the housing 7 is also in a compressed state, and the entire device has a small diameter.
  • the splitting rod When working, the splitting rod is put into a prefabricated rock hole whose diameter is slightly larger than the diameter of the splitting rod.
  • the pressurized liquid enters the sealed and pressure-bearing bearing layer 5, the sealed and pressure-bearing bearing layer 5 and the anti-cutting layer 6 are stretched and thickened due to their own elastic force, and are fitted to the metal retractable shell 7 and drive its shell to extend.
  • the diameter of the entire device gradually increases until it touches the rock hole wall, and continues to pressurize to squeeze the surrounding rock to crack.
  • the splitting rod component expands to be sealed and the elastic force of the pressure-bearing layer 5 is completely pulled away, the work stops and the pressure is relieved, and the pressure-bearing layer 5 and the anti-cutting layer 6 are sealed and the pressure-bearing layer 5 and the anti-cutting layer 6 shrink back to their original state due to their elastic force. If it becomes smaller, the metal telescopic shell 7 shrinks, and the diameter of the entire device becomes smaller and restores its original shape.
  • the inlet and outlet parts of the rubber and plastic materials used to manufacture the sealing inner lining layer 1 and the sealed and pressure-bearing stress-bearing layer 5 are formulated to increase the hardness so that the Shore hardness is greater than 50A, forming a two-layer structure with a hard top and a soft bottom. Segment material.
  • the lower part is flexible for expansion, and the upper part is rigid to better seal the inlet and outlet parts.
  • the sealing method of ultra-high pressure equipment should be hard sealing. Soft rubber and plastic materials lose their sealing performance under ultra-high pressure.
  • the outer surface of the sealed inner lining layer 1, the inner and outer surfaces of the pressure bearing layer 2, the outer surface of the sealed and pressure bearing layer 5, and the cut-proof are all treated with polytetrafluoroethylene coating.

Abstract

一种岩石劈裂机的劈裂棒(5)，劈裂棒(5)主体由柔性材料制成。工作时，加压液体作用于柔性的劈裂棒(5)内部，劈裂棒(5)膨胀，从而挤压周围岩石开裂。该劈裂棒(5)采用柔性材料作为承压受力元件，当劈裂棒(5)受力不均匀时可以避免出现漏油的情况。

Description

一种岩石劈裂机的劈裂棒 技术领域
本发明涉及矿山开采和工程施工中的岩体劈裂与破碎领域，具体涉及一种岩石劈裂机的劈裂棒。
背景技术
现有的液压岩石劈裂机由液压泵站、液压管和若干个劈裂棒组成(如图1所示)，使用时，先在岩石上钻若干个孔，然后将若干个劈裂棒插入孔中，随后由泵站将高压液体通过液压管输入劈裂棒中，劈裂棒向外周胀开，对岩石孔壁施加压力，岩石于是裂开。
现有的岩石劈裂机的劈裂棒有三种形式：楔块式、活塞式和两片式(如图2-4所示)。无论哪种形式，承压受力元件均为金属硬质材料制成。在工作过程中，劈裂棒受到外部岩石的反作用力有时是不均匀和不对称的，方向也并不都是径向的。特别是在岩石产生裂缝时，对劈裂棒施加的反作用力方向是杂乱无章的。在不规则力的作用下，金属硬质承压受力元件会发生形变，引起容纳高压液体的腔体原本的缝隙增大，导致漏油。现有的其他高强度硬质材料制作承压受力元件依然难以避免该问题的发生。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提供一种岩石劈裂机的劈裂棒，以柔性材料作为承压受力元件，具体的技术方案如下：
一种岩石劈裂机的劈裂棒，其特征在于，所述的劈裂棒的主体由柔性材料制成，所述的柔性材料的邵氏硬度小于50D。
进一步地，所述的劈裂棒的主体为由柔性橡塑材料制成的密封内衬层和由高强度纤维编织布制成的承压受力层组成的两层结构，所述的柔性橡塑材料的邵氏硬度小于50D，所述的高强度纤维的抗拉强度大于100MPa。
进一步地，所述的劈裂棒的主体为由高强度纤维增强柔性橡塑复合材料制成的同时实现密封和承压受力的单层结构，所述的高强度纤维的抗拉强度大于100MPa，所述的柔性橡塑材料的邵氏硬度小于50D。
进一步地，所述的劈裂棒的密封内衬层沿周向设置若干个褶皱，使得加压液体充满后褶皱被拉伸，劈裂棒的直径增大；或者所述的劈裂棒的密封内衬层由弹性橡塑材料制成，使得加压液体充满后劈裂棒的直径增大。
进一步地，所述的劈裂棒的承压受力层沿周向设置若干个褶皱，使得加压液体充满后 褶皱被拉伸，劈裂棒的直径增大；或者所述的劈裂棒的承压受力层由高强度纤维编织而成的弹力布制成，使得加压液体充满后劈裂棒的直径增大，所述的高强度纤维的抗拉强度大于100MPa。
进一步地，所述的密封且承压受力层沿周向设置若干个褶皱，使得加压液体充满后褶皱被拉伸，劈裂棒的直径增大；或者所述的密封且承压受力层由所述的高强度纤维编织而成的弹力布与弹性橡胶或弹性塑料复合而成，使得加压液体充满后劈裂棒的直径增大，所述的高强度纤维的抗拉强度大于100MPa。
进一步地，所述的劈裂棒还包括套在所述的单层或两层结构外侧的防割层，所述的防割层为耐切割纤维编织布或无纺布。
进一步地，所述的防割层沿周向设置若干个褶皱，使得加压液体充满后褶皱被拉伸，劈裂棒的直径增大；或者所述的防割层由耐切割纤维编织而成的弹力布制成，使得加压液体充满后劈裂棒的直径增大。
进一步地，所述的劈裂棒还包括位于最外侧的金属可伸缩外壳，所述的金属可伸缩外壳的厚度δ满足
Figure PCTCN2020092119-appb-000001
其中，R 0为该劈裂棒整体结构的外半径，R eL为金属可伸缩外壳材料的屈服强度，P为内部液体最大压强。
进一步地，所述的金属可伸缩外壳由沿周向均匀设置的多个金属弧形片层叠交叉组成，任意一个金属弧形片的头部位于下一个金属弧形片的外侧，尾部位于前一个金属弧形片的内侧，从而形成层叠交叉的类似鳞片状的结构。
进一步地，所述的金属可伸缩外壳由形状记忆合金制成。
进一步地，所述的承压受力层的进出口部位由所述的高强度纤维编织布与基体材料复合、固化形成的硬质材料制成，所述的承压受力层与所述的密封内衬层的进出口部位紧密接合，所述的承压受力层的外侧与一层金属加固层紧密接合，所述的密封内衬层的内侧与另一层金属加固层紧密接合，形成所述的劈裂棒的接口。
进一步地，所述的密封且承压受力层的进出口部位内外侧都与金属加固层紧密接合，形成所述的劈裂棒的接口。
进一步地，在瓶颈位置处，与所述的密封内衬层和所述的密封且承压受力层的进出口部位内侧紧密接合的金属加固层贴合瓶颈弯折。
进一步地，制造所述密封内衬层和所述密封且承压受力层的橡塑材料的进出口部位改变配方增加硬度，使其邵氏硬度大于50A，形成上硬下软的两段式材料。
进一步地，所述的密封内衬层的外表面、承压受力层的内外表面、密封且承压受力层的外表面、防割层的内外表面、金属可伸缩外壳的内表面均经聚四氟乙烯涂层处理。
本发明的有益效果是：
由于本发明采用柔性材料作为承压受力元件，在受到外部岩石反作用力大小不均和方向不一时，该承压受力元件只会形变不会破损，容纳高压液体的腔体的缝隙密封也不会受到柔性承压受力层变形的影响，因此不会漏油。
附图说明
图1为现有的岩石劈裂机整套设备示意图；
图2为现有的楔块式劈裂棒的工作示意图；
图3是现有的活塞式劈裂棒的工作示意图；
图4是现有的两片式劈裂棒的横截面工作示意图；
图5是本发明的劈裂棒的整体结构示意图；
图6是本发明的两层结构的劈裂棒、单层结构的劈裂棒的纵剖面示意图；
图7是本发明的两层结构的劈裂棒的两种形式的横截面示意图；
图8是本发明的单层结构的劈裂棒的两种形式的横截面示意图；
图9是添加防割层后的两种形式劈裂棒的的纵剖面示意图；
图10是添加两种形式的防割层的两层结构的劈裂棒的横截面示意图；
图11是添加防割层、金属可伸缩外壳后的两种形式的劈裂棒的纵剖面示意图；
图12是在图7的基础上添加防割层和金属可伸缩外壳的劈裂棒的横截面示意图；
图13是在图8的基础上添加防割层和金属可伸缩外壳的劈裂棒的横截面示意图；
图14是本发明两层结构和单层结构的劈裂棒的进出口部位示意图。
具体实施方式
下面根据附图和优选实施例详细描述本发明，本发明的目的和效果将变得更加明白。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
如图1所示，现有的岩石劈裂机整套设备包括液压泵站1、液压管2和劈裂棒5，液压管2连接在液压泵站1和劈裂棒5之间。劈裂棒5在图1中已被放入岩石孔6中，图示为岩石沿孔轴向的剖面图。如图1所示，工作时，先在岩石上预制若干个孔6，孔6的数量与劈裂棒5的数量相等。每个孔中都放置一个劈裂棒5。预制孔的大小和形状设置成与劈裂棒5相似并且在劈裂棒5稍微膨胀之后就能挤压预制孔的壁。液压管2是高压油管。劈裂机还 优选地包括用于调节来自液压泵站1的流体的流量或压力的能量分配器3，所述能量分配器3通过液压管2连接在液压泵站1与劈裂棒5之间。加压液体从泵站1的出油口13经由液压管2的上游管21通过分配器进油口32进入分配器本体31，分配器本体31将从分配器进油口32获取的加压液体分配到分配器第一出油口33、分配器第二出油口34、分配器第三出油口35和分配器第四出油口36。加压液体分别通过这些分配器出油口经由管道2的第一支管22、第二支管23、第三支管24和第四支管25进入相应的劈裂棒5。劈裂棒5膨胀以后挤压岩石孔壁，使得岩石碎裂。应当指出的是，图1中的各个部件并不是按比例绘制的。为了能够更好地显示细节，将劈裂棒5的图示尺寸进行了扩大。
图2是现有技术中楔块式劈裂棒的结构示意图。该劈裂棒包括活塞液压缸1、对向滑块2和中心楔块3。活塞液压缸1内部主要是活塞，该活塞与中心楔块3制成一体。对向滑块2有两块，彼此对置，和中心楔块3贴合在一起。对向滑块2与活塞液压缸1底部的连接为活动连接，可以在水平方向滑动。所述部件均由高强度合金钢制成。工作时，将滑块楔块组合放入预制的岩石孔4中，孔4的直径预制成稍大于滑块楔块组合。当加压液体进入活塞液压缸1时，活塞被推动向下移动，与活塞制成一体的中心楔块3也被推动向下移动。由于中心楔块3与对向滑块2是斜面接触贴合，在中心楔块3向下移动时，会对对向滑块2产生左右方向的推力。对向滑块2已经设置成可以滑动，因此对向滑块2会向左右两侧分开，接触并挤压岩石孔4壁，使岩石开裂。在实际使用过程中，由于施工条件所限，岩石上预制的孔4形状往往并不规则，有时会有斜孔、弯孔出现，这就导致岩石施加给滑块楔块组合的反作用力除了F1方向以外还有F2方向。F2方向的力会导致滑块楔块组合发生形变和位置偏移。由于中心楔块3和活塞是一体，活塞也会形变和位置偏移，高压下，活塞液压缸1漏油。此外，F1方向的力各处也并不均等，同样会引发滑块楔块组合和活塞的微小形变，导致活塞液压缸1漏油。
图3是现有技术中活塞式劈裂棒的结构示意图。该种形式的劈裂头包括液压缸1和若干个活塞2组成。活塞2与液压缸1的接触面做了密封。所述部件均由高强度合金钢制成。工作时，将劈裂棒放入预制的岩石孔3中，孔3的直径预制成稍大于劈裂棒卸压时的直径。当加压液体进入液压缸1时，活塞2被推动伸出，接触并挤压岩石孔3壁，使岩石开裂。同样，在实际使用过程中，由于施工条件所限，岩石上预制的孔3形状往往也不规则。斜孔弯孔的存在，以及岩石本身具有裂缝时，施加给活塞2的反作用力除了F1方向以外还有F2方向。F2方向的力会导致活塞2发生微小形变和位置偏移，此时原有的密封就不能防止液压缸1内油液渗漏，设备失效。
图4是两片式劈裂棒的横截面工作示意图。该种劈裂棒外观为圆柱体，图示为横截面 内部结构示意图。该劈裂棒包括承压受力壳体51和55、对置的楔块52和54、以及容纳液体的胶管53。除胶管53外，其余部件均由高强度合金钢制成。承压受力壳体51和55与对置的楔块52和54共同围成一个空腔，内部盛放高压液体。弹性胶管起隔离液体和金属腔体的作用，同时也起密封作用。工作时，将劈裂棒放入预制的岩石孔中，孔的直径预制成稍大于劈裂棒卸压时的直径。当加压液体进入胶管53时，胶管53膨胀并挤压承压受力壳体51和55以及楔块52和54，使承压受力壳体51和55向两边分开，楔块52和54也向两边分开滑动。承压受力壳体51和55接触并挤压岩石孔壁，使岩石开裂。同理，在实际使用过程中，岩石上预制的孔形状经常不规则。岩石施加给承压受力壳体51和55的反作用力大小不均、方向不一，导致承压受力壳体51和55发生形变，承压受力壳体51和55与楔块52和54之间的缝隙变大，胶管53在内部液体高压下破裂，引起漏油。
图5是本发明的劈裂棒的整体结构示意图。应当指出，图5-14各个部件并不是按比例绘制的，因此，图中各个部件之间的图示尺寸并不旨在对部件的大小和相对大小进行暗示或者限定。本发明的劈裂棒的的主体由柔性材料制成，所述的柔性材料的邵氏硬度小于50D。本申请的劈裂棒为细长圆柱瓶子状，上部有一个或二个进出口，通过快速接头与液压管道相连接，下部是底。这里仅以上部一个进出口形式为例进行详细介绍。
图6是本发明的两层结构的劈裂棒、单层结构的劈裂棒的纵剖面示意图；
作为其中一种实施例，称为实施例一，如图6a所示，为由柔性橡塑材料制成的密封内衬层1和由高强度纤维编织布制成的承压受力层2组成的两层结构，所述的柔性橡塑材料的邵氏硬度小于50D，所述的高强度纤维的抗拉强度大于100MPa。高压液体对层壁的压力由高强度纤维编织布承担，同时岩石的反作用力也由高强度纤维编织布承担，内部橡塑材料起密封液体作用。高强度纤维编织布既是柔性材料，同时又具有很高的抗拉强度，完全可以承受内部高压液体和外部岩石所施加的压力。柔性材料在受到外部岩石反作用力大小不均和方向不一时只会形变不会破损，容纳高压液体的腔体的缝隙密封在密封内衬层1进出口部位，也不会受到柔性承压受力层2和密封内衬层1变形的影响，因此不会漏油。
所述的承压受力层2的进出口部位为由所述的高强度纤维编织布与基体材料复合、固化形成的硬质材料制成。高强度纤维与基体材料发生界面反应，以化学方式牢固结合在一起，形成均匀的整体硬质材料。经此处理，该承压受力层2成为上硬下软的两段式材料。该基体材料可以是热固性树脂如环氧树脂、酚醛树脂，热塑性树脂如聚醚醚酮，橡胶，陶瓷，金属等所有适于与高强度纤维复合的基体。所述的承压受力层2与所述的密封内衬层1的进出口部位紧密接合，所述的承压受力层2的外侧与一层金属加固层4紧密接合，所述的密封内衬层1的内侧与另一层金属加固层3紧密接合。接合方式为承插连接或螺纹连接， 均采用过盈配合。形成所述的劈裂棒的接口。
优选地，金属加固层3和金属加固层4之间采用螺纹连接，金属加固层3内部设置内螺纹，用以和快速接头连接。
劈裂机工作时，将本劈裂棒放入岩石孔中，加压液体作用于密封内衬层1内部，使密封内衬层1与承压受力层2共同膨胀，从而挤压周围岩石开裂。
作为另一种实施例，称为实施例二，如图6b所示，劈裂棒为高强度纤维增强橡塑复合材料制成的柔性密封且承压受力层5，所述的高强度纤维的抗拉强度大于100MPa，所述的柔性橡塑材料的邵氏硬度小于50D，高强度纤维编织或缠绕布与橡塑材料发生界面反应，以化学方式牢固结合在一起，形成均匀的整体材料。其中，高强度纤维编织或缠绕布是骨架，起受力作用，橡塑材料起结合填缝作用。高压液体对层壁的压力由高强度纤维增强橡塑复合材料承担，同时岩石的反作用力也由高强度纤维增强橡塑复合材料承担，并且该高强度纤维增强橡塑复合材料还起密封液体作用。该高强度纤维增强橡塑复合材料既是柔性材料，同时又具有很高的抗拉强度，完全可以承受内部高压液体和外部岩石所施加的压力。柔性材料在受到外部岩石反作用力大小不均和方向不一时只会形变不会破损，容纳高压液体的腔体的缝隙密封在密封且承压受力层5进出口部位，也不会受到该层5变形的影响，因此不会漏油。
所述的密封且承压受力层5的进出口部位内侧与金属加固层3紧密接合，外层与金属加固层4紧密接合，形成所述的劈裂棒的接口，接合方式为承插连接或螺纹连接，均采用过盈配合。
优选地，金属加固层3和金属加固层4之间采用螺纹连接，金属加固层3内部设置内螺纹，用以和快速接头连接。
应当指出的是，本发明重在提供新材料与新结构作为承压受力元件，因此图示中也主要展示承压受力元件与密封元件的设计结构，劈裂棒部件的进出口只是大致绘出，并未做详细图解。
劈裂机工作时，将本劈裂棒放入岩石孔中，加压液体作用于密封且承压受力层5内部使其膨胀，从而挤压周围岩石开裂。
优选地，如图14所示，在瓶颈位置处，与所述的密封内衬层1和所述的密封且承压受力层5的进出口部位内侧紧密接合的金属加固层3制成长而弯曲的压片，贴合瓶颈弯折。当内部液体压力F作用于该压片时，金属发生弹性形变，压片部位向上位移从而压紧密封内衬层1或密封且承压受力层5，进一步起到密封作用。
本发明实施例一中的柔性承压受力层2，所述高强度纤维编织布采用碳纤维、芳纶纤维、 超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、硼纤维、玻璃纤维、聚酯纤维、聚酰胺纤维等所有高强度纤维中的一种或几种编织制成，该编织布可以有若干层。密封内衬层1以柔性橡胶或柔性塑料材料制成，所述橡胶或塑料材料可以是柔性的各类合成橡胶、天然橡胶、再生橡胶、热塑性弹性体、通用塑料、工程塑料、热固性塑料等等。
本发明的实施例二中的柔性密封且承压受力层5，所述高强度纤维增强橡塑复合材料中的纤维布采用碳纤维、芳纶纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、硼纤维、玻璃纤维、聚酯纤维、聚酰胺纤维等所有高强度纤维中的一种或几种编织或缠绕制成，同时与橡塑材料复合为一体。该编织或缠绕布可以有若干层。该橡塑材料可以是柔性的各类橡胶和塑料。
图7是本发明的两层结构的劈裂棒的两种形式的横截面示意图，所述的劈裂棒的密封内衬层1沿周向设置若干个褶皱，使得加压液体充满后褶皱被拉伸，劈裂棒的直径增大；或者所述的劈裂棒的密封内衬层1由弹性橡胶或弹性塑料材料制成，使得加压液体充满后劈裂棒的直径增大；所述的劈裂棒的承压受力层2沿周向设置若干个褶皱，使得加压液体充满后褶皱被拉伸，劈裂棒的直径增大；或者所述的劈裂棒的承压受力层2由高强度纤维编织而成的弹力布制成，使得加压液体充满后劈裂棒的直径增大，所述的高强度纤维的抗拉强度大于100MPa。上述两层结构的两种形式可任意组合。
工作时，将该劈裂棒放入预制的岩石孔中，孔的直径预制成稍大于劈裂棒直径。当加压液体进入劈裂棒时，劈裂棒的褶皱被逐渐拉平伸展或直径变大，整个设备直径逐渐变大直至接触岩石孔壁，继续加压从而挤压周围岩石开裂。该过程中，内部高压液体对该劈裂棒部件施加的巨大压力以及外部岩石对其产生的反作用力由柔性承压受力层2承担。高强度纤维编织布采用先进的方法紧密织造，使得橡塑材料制成的柔性密封内衬层1可以对该编织布的孔隙进行密封，高压液体被密封在密封内衬层1之中不会渗漏。当该劈裂棒部件膨胀到承压受力层2完全伸展时，工作停止并卸压，劈裂棒缩回原状。
图8是本发明的单层结构的劈裂棒的两种形式的横截面示意图，所述的密封且承压受力层5沿周向设置若干个褶皱，使得加压液体充满后褶皱被拉伸，劈裂棒的直径增大；或者所述的密封且承压受力层5由所述的高强度纤维编织而成的弹力布与弹性橡胶或弹性塑料复合而成，使得加压液体充满后劈裂棒的直径增大，所述的高强度纤维的抗拉强度大于100MPa。
工作时，将该劈裂棒放入预制的岩石孔中，孔的直径预制成稍大于劈裂棒直径。当加压液体进入劈裂棒时，劈裂棒的褶皱被逐渐拉平伸展或直径变大，整个设备直径逐渐变大直至接触岩石孔壁，继续加压从而挤压周围岩石开裂。该过程中，内部高压液体对该劈裂棒部件施加的巨大压力以及外部岩石对其产生的反作用力由密封且承压受力层5承担。用 以增强橡塑材料的高强度纤维编织或缠绕布采用先进的方法紧密织造或缠绕，使得橡塑材料可以对该编织或缠绕布的孔隙进行密封填塞，高压液体被密封在密封且承压受力层5中不会渗漏。当该劈裂棒部件膨胀到密封且承压受力层5完全伸展时，工作停止并卸压，劈裂棒缩回原状。
无论是实施例一还是二，承压受力元件均为柔性材料制成。在实际使用过程中，遇到形状不规则的预制孔(如斜孔、弯孔)，或岩石已有裂缝时，尽管劈裂棒各处受到外部岩石的反作用力大小不均、方向不一，承压受力层2连同密封内衬层1抑或是密封且承压受力层5各处发生各种形变，都不会导致缸体漏油。
此处应当指出的是，图7所示密封内衬层1和承压受力层2，以及图8所示密封且承压受力层5的褶皱数量可以有若干个，并不局限于图示的4个。
图9是添加防割层后的两种形式劈裂棒的的纵剖面示意图，所述的劈裂棒还包括套在所述的单层或两层结构外侧的防割层6，所述的防割层6为耐切割纤维编织布或无纺布，耐切割性高于国标4级。工作时，劈裂棒膨胀使得岩石孔开裂，由于开裂纹路不规则，会产生小块碎石崩落。碎石的边缘锋利，在巨大压力下将会向劈裂棒施加很大的切割力和针刺力，导致劈裂棒受损。
该防割层6是由超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、芳纶纤维、金属纤维、玻璃纤维等等所有耐切割纤维中的长纤维编织而成的编织布，或者短纤维粘合加固而成的无纺布制成。不论编织布还是无纺布都可以是单种纤维制作，也可以是几种纤维混合织造或粘结加固制成。上述纤维都有很高的耐切割强度，形成的布料也有一定的抗穿刺强度，可以在劈裂棒遭受外部碎石切割时保护内部受力和密封元件不至受损。
该防割层6为袋子形状。防割层6口部的固定方法可以是捆绑、粘接或加上硬质圈口卡住内部瓶颈等多种简易办法。
图10是添加两种形式的防割层的两层结构的劈裂棒的横截面示意图，所述的防割层6沿周向设置若干个褶皱，使得加压液体充满后褶皱被拉伸，劈裂棒的直径增大；或者所述的防割层6由耐切割纤维编织而成的弹力布制成，使得加压液体充满后劈裂棒的直径增大。防割层6的变形原理与密封内衬层1相同。上述防割层6的两种形式可以与承压受力层2、密封内衬层1以及密封且承压受力层5的各种形式任意匹配。
图11是添加防割层、金属可伸缩外壳后的两种形式的劈裂棒的纵剖面示意图。所述的金属可伸缩外壳7位于劈裂棒的最外层，为圆筒形状，由至少1片壳体组成。这些壳体设计为可伸缩形式以起到膨胀作用。工作时，劈裂棒膨胀使得岩石孔开裂，由于开裂纹路不规则，会产生小块碎石崩落。碎石的边缘锋利，在巨大压力下将会向劈裂棒施加很大的切 割力和针刺力，导致劈裂棒受损。套在密封内衬层1和承压受力层2或者密封且承压受力层5外面的防割层6，由于是纤维材料所制的布料制成，防护能力相对较弱，遇有外部特别大的切割力和针刺力时也会发生破损而失效。金属可伸缩外壳7位于劈裂棒的最外层，将其他元件全部保护起来。金属材料有更强的抗剪切力和抗穿刺力，能够确保内部以纤维为主体的元件免受损害。工作时，由于受力不均，金属可伸缩外壳7会发生形变，壳体锋利的边缘会翘起割向内部元件，此时防割层6的作用转变为防止壳体边缘的切割，保护内部受力和密封元件。
所述的金属可伸缩外壳7由至少1片壳体组成，壳体间的伸缩部位精密配合，这样当我们把劈裂棒设计为只有金属可伸缩外壳和内部密封层两层结构时，在内部密封层的密封作用下内部高压液体不会从壳体伸缩部位的缝隙渗出。R 0为所述劈裂棒整体结构的外半径，R eL为金属可伸缩外壳材料的屈服强度，P为内部液体最大压强。当金属可伸缩外壳的厚度
Figure PCTCN2020092119-appb-000002
时，该外壳强度足够大，在内部高压液体的压力和外部岩石的反作用力的作用下不会发生变形，在上述劈裂棒设计为只有金属可伸缩外壳和内部密封层两层结构时高压液体不会漏出。当金属可伸缩外壳的厚度
Figure PCTCN2020092119-appb-000003
时，该外壳强度不足，在内外压力的作用下会产生形变，导致该金属可伸缩外壳的壳体间伸缩部位的缝隙增大，壳体间的精密配合失效，同样在上述劈裂棒只有两层结构时在内部高压液体的作用下密封层会从壳体间的缝隙处被破坏挤出，液体渗漏。因此所述的金属可伸缩外壳7的厚度
Figure PCTCN2020092119-appb-000004
时，该外壳7将不能作为劈裂棒的承压受力元件使用，此时金属可伸缩外壳7内部的柔性承压受力层2或柔性密封且承压受力层5将起承压受力作用。
由于本发明的主旨在于提供柔性承压受力元件，因此规定该金属可伸缩外壳7的厚度δ满足
Figure PCTCN2020092119-appb-000005
其中，R 0为该劈裂棒的半径，R eL为外壳材料的屈服强度，P为内部液体最大压强。
如果金属可伸缩外壳7的厚度
Figure PCTCN2020092119-appb-000006
内外压力均由该外壳7承担，内部柔性承压受力元件将失去意义。
Figure PCTCN2020092119-appb-000007
同时获得的益处是金属可伸缩外壳7的厚度比现有技术中的其他形式劈裂棒的外壳厚度小得多，这样第一可以减轻劈裂棒重量，第二可以增大劈裂棒内部容积，增加内部液体作用面积，使输出压力提高。
优选地，所述的金属可伸缩外壳7由沿周向设置的多个金属弧形片层叠交叉组成，任意一个金属弧形片的头部位于下一个金属弧形片的外侧，尾部位于前一个金属弧形片的内侧，从而形成层叠交叉的类似鳞片状的结构。鳞片最少为一片，即一个圆筒一个开口；两片就两个开口......鳞片数量越多，该外壳7的灵活性越大，越容易贴合变形的岩石孔壁。优选地，该外壳7的每一圈鳞片都固定在弹性橡胶圈9上，使得鳞片可以被拉开。每一片鳞片的上部弯曲成为钩状，挂在橡胶圈9上。几圈橡胶圈9之间以橡胶线互连，形成鳞片附着的骨架网。骨架网上部捆绑悬吊在弹性材料制成的短外壳8上。短外壳8固定在承压受力层2或密封且承压受力层5的进出口部位，固定方式可以是绑住、粘接或卡住等任意方式。
该金属可伸缩外壳7的材料是形状记忆合金如钛镍合金等。形状记忆合金所制的该外壳7在常温下受外部岩石孔壁挤压力大小不均、方向不一时发生形变，伸缩灵活性变差，加热到一定温度后又可以恢复初始形状，可以重新投入使用。
图12是在图7的基础上添加防割层和金属可伸缩外壳的劈裂棒的横截面示意图。作为其中一种实施例，称为实施例一，如图12ab所示，劈裂棒内部放空卸压时密封内衬层1、承压受力层2和防割层6有若干褶皱，金属可伸缩外壳7也处于缩紧状态，整个设备直径较小。工作时，将该劈裂棒放入预制的岩石孔中，孔的直径预制成稍大于劈裂棒直径。当加压液体进入密封内衬层1时，密封内衬层1、承压受力层2和防割层6的褶皱被逐渐拉平伸展，贴合金属可伸缩外壳7并带动其壳片伸开，整个设备直径逐渐变大直至接触岩石孔壁，继续加压从而挤压周围岩石开裂。当该劈裂棒部件膨胀到承压受力层2完全伸展时，工作停止并卸压，密封内衬层1、承压受力层2和防割层6缩回原状产生褶皱，金属可伸缩外壳7壳片缩紧，整个设备直径变小恢复原状。作为另一种实施例，称为实施例二，如图12cd所示，劈裂棒内部放空卸压时弹性密封内衬层1、弹性承压受力层2和弹性防割层6处于小直径状态，金属可伸缩外壳7也处于缩紧状态，整个设备直径较小。工作时，将该 劈裂棒放入预制的岩石孔中，孔的直径预制成稍大于劈裂棒直径。当加压液体进入密封内衬层1时，密封内衬层1、承压受力层2和防割层6由于自身弹力被撑开变粗，贴合金属可伸缩外壳7并带动其壳片伸开，整个设备直径逐渐变大直至接触岩石孔壁，继续加压从而挤压周围岩石开裂。当该劈裂棒部件膨胀到承压受力层2的弹力完全拉开时，工作停止并卸压，密封内衬层1、承压受力层2和防割层6由于自身弹力缩回原状变细变小，金属可伸缩外壳7壳片缩紧，整个设备直径变小恢复原状。
图13是在图8的基础上添加防割层和金属可伸缩外壳的劈裂棒的横截面示意图。作为其中一种实施例，称为实施例一，如图13ab所示，劈裂棒内部放空卸压时密封且承压受力层5和防割层6有若干褶皱，金属可伸缩外壳7也处于缩紧状态，整个设备直径较小。工作时，将该劈裂棒放入预制的岩石孔中，孔的直径预制成稍大于劈裂棒直径。当加压液体进入密封且承压受力层5时，密封且承压受力层5和防割层6的褶皱被逐渐拉平伸展，贴合金属可伸缩外壳7并带动其壳片伸开，整个设备直径逐渐变大直至接触岩石孔壁，继续加压从而挤压周围岩石开裂。当该劈裂棒部件膨胀到密封且承压受力层5完全伸展时，工作停止并卸压，密封且承压受力层5和防割层6缩回原状产生褶皱，金属可伸缩外壳7壳片缩紧，整个设备直径变小恢复原状。作为另一种实施例，称为实施例二，如图13cd所示，劈裂棒内部放空卸压时弹性密封且承压受力层5和弹性防割层6处于小直径状态，金属可伸缩外壳7也处于缩紧状态，整个设备直径较小。工作时，将该劈裂棒放入预制的岩石孔中，孔的直径预制成稍大于劈裂棒直径。当加压液体进入密封且承压受力层5时，密封且承压受力层5和防割层6由于自身弹力被撑开变粗，贴合金属可伸缩外壳7并带动其壳片伸开，整个设备直径逐渐变大直至接触岩石孔壁，继续加压从而挤压周围岩石开裂。当该劈裂棒部件膨胀到密封且承压受力层5的弹力完全拉开时，工作停止并卸压，密封且承压受力层5和防割层6由于自身弹力缩回原状变细变小，金属可伸缩外壳7壳片缩紧，整个设备直径变小恢复原状。
优选地，制造所述密封内衬层1和所述密封且承压受力层5的橡塑材料的进出口部位改变配方增加硬度，使其邵氏硬度大于50A，形成上硬下软的两段式材料。下部柔性为了起到膨胀作用，上部硬质为了进出口部位更好地密封。超高压的设备密封方式应选用硬密封，软质的橡塑材料在超高压下失去了密封性能。
优选地，为了减小摩擦系数，延长设备使用寿命，所述的密封内衬层1的外表面、承压受力层2的内外表面、密封且承压受力层5的外表面、防割层6的内外表面、金属可伸缩外壳7的内表面均经聚四氟乙烯涂层处理。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解，以上所述仅为发明的优选实例而已，并不用于限制发 明，尽管参照前述实例对发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实例记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在发明的精神和原则之内，所做的修改、等同替换等均应包含在发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种岩石劈裂机的劈裂棒，其特征在于，所述的劈裂棒的主体由柔性材料制成，所述的柔性材料的邵氏硬度小于50D。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的岩石劈裂机的劈裂棒，其特征在于，所述的劈裂棒的主体为由柔性橡塑材料制成的密封内衬层和由高强度纤维编织布制成的承压受力层组成的两层结构，所述的柔性橡塑材料的邵氏硬度小于50D，所述的高强度纤维的抗拉强度大于100MPa。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的岩石劈裂机的劈裂棒，其特征在于，所述的劈裂棒的主体为由高强度纤维增强柔性橡塑复合材料制成的同时实现密封和承压受力的单层结构，所述的高强度纤维的抗拉强度大于100MPa，所述的柔性橡塑材料的邵氏硬度小于50D。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的岩石劈裂机的劈裂棒，其特征在于，所述的劈裂棒的密封内衬层沿周向设置若干个褶皱，使得加压液体充满后褶皱被拉伸，劈裂棒的直径增大；或者所述的劈裂棒的密封内衬层由弹性橡塑材料制成，使得加压液体充满后劈裂棒的直径增大。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的岩石劈裂机的劈裂棒，其特征在于，所述的劈裂棒的承压受力层沿周向设置若干个褶皱，使得加压液体充满后褶皱被拉伸，劈裂棒的直径增大；或者所述的劈裂棒的承压受力层由高强度纤维编织而成的弹力布制成，使得加压液体充满后劈裂棒的直径增大，所述的高强度纤维的抗拉强度大于100MPa。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的岩石劈裂机的劈裂棒，其特征在于，所述的密封且承压受力层沿周向设置若干个褶皱，使得加压液体充满后褶皱被拉伸，劈裂棒的直径增大；或者所述的密封且承压受力层由所述的高强度纤维编织而成的弹力布与弹性橡胶或弹性塑料复合而成，使得加压液体充满后劈裂棒的直径增大，所述的高强度纤维的抗拉强度大于100MPa。
  7. 根据权利要求2或3所述的岩石劈裂机的劈裂棒，其特征在于，所述的劈裂棒还包括套在所述的单层或两层结构外侧的防割层，所述的防割层为耐切割纤维编织布或无纺布。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的岩石劈裂机的劈裂棒，其特征在于，所述的防割层沿周向设置若干个褶皱，使得加压液体充满后褶皱被拉伸，劈裂棒的直径增大；或者所述的防割层由耐切割纤维编织而成的弹力布制成，使得加压液体充满后劈裂棒的直径增大。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的岩石劈裂机的劈裂棒，其特征在于，所述的劈裂棒还包括位于最外侧的金属可伸缩外壳，所述的金属可伸缩外壳的厚度δ满足
    Figure PCTCN2020092119-appb-100001
    其中，R 0为该劈裂棒整体结构的外半径，R eL为金属可伸缩外壳材料的屈服强度，P为 内部液体最大压强。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的岩石劈裂机的劈裂棒，其特征在于，所述的金属可伸缩外壳由沿周向均匀设置的多个金属弧形片层叠交叉组成，任意一个金属弧形片的头部位于下一个金属弧形片的外侧，尾部位于前一个金属弧形片的内侧，从而形成层叠交叉的类似鳞片状的结构。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的岩石劈裂机的劈裂棒，其特征在于，所述的金属可伸缩外壳由形状记忆合金制成。
  12. 根据权利要求2所述的岩石劈裂机的劈裂棒，其特征在于，所述的承压受力层的进出口部位由所述的高强度纤维编织布与基体材料复合、固化形成的硬质材料制成，所述的承压受力层与所述的密封内衬层的进出口部位紧密接合，所述的承压受力层的外侧与一层金属加固层紧密接合，所述的密封内衬层的内侧与另一层金属加固层紧密接合，形成所述的劈裂棒的接口。
  13. 根据权利要求3所述的岩石劈裂机的劈裂棒，其特征在于，所述的密封且承压受力层的进出口部位内外侧都与金属加固层紧密接合，形成所述的劈裂棒的接口。
  14. 根据权利要求12或13所述的岩石劈裂机的劈裂棒，其特征在于，在瓶颈位置处，与所述的密封内衬层和所述的密封且承压受力层的进出口部位内侧紧密接合的金属加固层贴合瓶颈弯折。
  15. 根据权利要求2或3所述的岩石劈裂机的劈裂棒，其特征在于，制造所述密封内衬层和所述密封且承压受力层的橡塑材料的进出口部位改变配方增加硬度，使其邵氏硬度大于50A，形成上硬下软的两段式材料。
  16. 根据权利要求11所述的岩石劈裂机的劈裂棒，其特征在于，所述的密封内衬层的外表面、承压受力层的内外表面、密封且承压受力层的外表面、防割层的内外表面、金属可伸缩外壳的内表面均经聚四氟乙烯涂层处理。
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