WO2020238820A1 - 一种直流分层扫气二冲程发动机 - Google Patents

一种直流分层扫气二冲程发动机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020238820A1
WO2020238820A1 PCT/CN2020/091971 CN2020091971W WO2020238820A1 WO 2020238820 A1 WO2020238820 A1 WO 2020238820A1 CN 2020091971 W CN2020091971 W CN 2020091971W WO 2020238820 A1 WO2020238820 A1 WO 2020238820A1
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Prior art keywords
scavenging
piston
main
pipe
scavenging channel
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PCT/CN2020/091971
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
梁刚
齐欣
梁璋
梁安图
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梁刚
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Publication of WO2020238820A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020238820A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B25/00—Engines characterised by using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders
    • F02B25/20—Means for reducing the mixing of charge and combustion residues or for preventing escape of fresh charge through outlet ports not provided for in, or of interest apart from, subgroups F02B25/02 - F02B25/18
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/025—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2700/00—Measures relating to the combustion process without indication of the kind of fuel or with more than one fuel
    • F02B2700/03—Two stroke engines
    • F02B2700/031—Two stroke engines with measures for removing exhaust gases from the cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2700/00—Measures relating to the combustion process without indication of the kind of fuel or with more than one fuel
    • F02B2700/03—Two stroke engines
    • F02B2700/037—Scavenging or charging channels or openings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a direct current stratified scavenging two-stroke engine, which is suitable for the technical field of internal combustion engines. .
  • the characteristic of the two-stroke engine DC scavenging is that an exhaust valve is installed on the cylinder head to replace the exhaust hole, so that the scavenging airflow moves along the cylinder axis, which greatly improves the air exchange quality.
  • the scavenging holes are arranged along a tangent line, so that the fresh charge entering the cylinder rotates at a high speed to form an "air cushion piston", which not only avoids excessive mixing of the fresh charge and exhaust gas, but also accelerates the ejection of the exhaust gas upwards to further improve the ventilation quality.
  • DC scavenging has many advantages, but the addition of an exhaust valve makes the ventilation system complicated and the engine height increases, so it is mainly used in low-speed high-power two-stroke diesel engines.
  • the stratified scavenging method Compared with the uniform scavenging method, the stratified scavenging method has the advantage of low fuel short-circuit loss.
  • the stratified scavenging two-stroke engine more fuel-efficient and cleaner exhaust emissions, one of the technical routes adopted in this field at home and abroad It is to design and improve the scavenging and exhaust structure of the two-stroke engine to improve the combustion efficiency of combustible gas and reduce the escape of combustible gas.
  • the scavenging efficiency of the two-stroke engine can be further improved.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the top dead center of the two-stroke engine.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the bottom dead center of the two-stroke engine.
  • Figure 3 is a bottom view of the gas storage spiral coil in the internal space of the piston top.
  • the invention has two air inlets, both of which can be activated independently, and if they can be activated simultaneously, the DC stratified scavenging effect can be achieved.
  • the DC stratified scavenging structure of a two-stroke engine includes a cylinder block 1, a crankcase 2, a piston 3, a crankshaft flywheel group 4, and an exhaust port 5.
  • the cylinder block 1 is provided with a combustion chamber for installing the piston 3.
  • the main scavenging channel tube 9 is located in the center of the top of the piston, perpendicular to the top of the piston, on the central axis of the cylinder or parallel to the axis, and the upper main scavenging channel tube port 10 is located in the auxiliary scavenging channel tube 12, the main scavenging channel tube port 10 is provided with a piston ring or sleeve (the sleeve is fixedly connected to the upper port 10 of the main scavenging channel, and can reciprocate in the auxiliary scavenging channel tube 12 Sliding), it can reciprocate in the auxiliary scavenging channel tube 12, the lower end passes through the top of the piston 3, and the gas storage spiral tube 14 is connected with the gas in the crankcase.
  • the main scavenging channel tube 9 and the piston 3 are rigid
  • the auxiliary scavenging channel tube 12 is located on the cylinder head and the axis of the main scavenging channel tube 9 is in a straight line.
  • the upper end of the auxiliary scavenging channel tube 12 is provided with an auxiliary intake reed valve 13, a throttle valve 15, and the lower end passes through Cylinder head enters the combustion chamber, but does not exceed the top dead center, the part that enters the combustion chamber, the scavenge port 11 is evenly distributed on the ring pipe wall;
  • the exhaust port 5 is evenly distributed around the cylinder liner;
  • the crankcase 2 is provided with the main air inlet reed Valve 6;
  • the gas storage spiral coil 14 is provided in the space between the inner top of the piston 3 and the piston pin 7.
  • the main intake passage reed valve 6 and the auxiliary intake passage reed valve 13 are both connected to the crankcase 2, with The pressure change in the crankcase 2 simultaneously takes in
  • the main scavenging channel tube port 10 reaches the uppermost end of the secondary scavenging channel tube 12.
  • the compressed fuel mixture space includes the interlayer between the combustion chamber and the two scavenging channel tubes, but the interlayer The space inside is negligible compared to the space of the combustion chamber.
  • the intake of the crankcase 2 is completed, and the main intake reed valve 6 and the auxiliary intake reed valve 13 are also in a closed state.
  • the gas sucked by the main and auxiliary intake reed valves are mixed in the internal space of the piston 3, and then the spark plug 8 ignites to do work, and the combustion is only concentrated in the combustion chamber.
  • the mixed fuel gas in the interlayer does not participate in the combustion, and the combustion chamber gas begins to expand. 3 Down, drive the main scavenging channel pipe port 10 to follow down, the fuel mixed gas in the interlayer of the two scavenging channel pipes is also pushed to the combustion chamber to participate in the combustion, at this time the two intake reed valves are closed, and the piston 3 starts to do work And compress the fuel mixture in the crankcase 2.
  • the combustion gas continues to expand.
  • the piston 3 When the piston 3 first reaches the exhaust port 5, the exhaust port 5 is opened, and the cylinder block 1 enters the free exhaust phase. The pressure in the cylinder 1 drops rapidly. At this time, the main scavenging channel linked with the piston 3 The pipe port 10 also reaches the scavenging port 11, the piston 3 continues to descend, the scavenging port 11 is opened, and the compressed fuel mixture in the crankcase 2 passes through the internal space of the piston 3, the gas storage spiral tube 14, and the main scavenging channel tube 9, The scavenging port 11 enters the cylinder block 1 to start scavenging. At this time, the stratified scavenging sequence of the crankcase 2 is that pure air enters the scavenging, followed by the fuel mixture diluted by air, and finally the fuel mixture.
  • the invention has simple structure and small volume, and is suitable for aerospace, new energy vehicle range extender.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

一种直流分层扫气二冲程发动机，包括气缸体（1）、曲轴箱（2）、活塞（3）、主进气口簧片阀（6）、主扫气通道管（9）、主扫气通道端口（10）、副扫气通道管（12）、副进气口簧片阀（13）、储气螺旋盘管（14）；气通道管（9）设在活塞（3）顶部中央，主扫气通道端口（10）位于副扫气通道管（12）内，主扫气通道管（9）可在副扫气通道管（12）内做往复运动，下端穿过活塞（3）顶部，通过连接储气螺旋盘管（14）与曲轴箱（2）内的燃气连通；副扫气通道管（12）位于气缸盖上，下端穿过气缸盖进入燃烧室。本发明把直流扫气与分层扫气相结合，进一步提升了二冲程发动机的扫气效率。

Description

一种直流分层扫气二冲程发动机 技术领域
本发明涉及一种直流分层扫气二冲程发动机，适用于内燃机技术领域。。
 背景技术
二冲程发动机直流扫气的特点是在缸盖上设置排气门以替代排气孔，使扫气气流沿气缸轴线运动，大大改善了换气质量。扫气孔沿切线排列，使得进入缸内的新鲜充量高速旋转，形成“气垫活塞”，既避免新鲜充量与废气的过多掺混，又向上加速推出废气，进一步改善换气质量。直流扫气的优点很多，但由于增设了排气门机构，使得换气系统复杂，发动机高度增加，故主要用于低速大功率二冲程柴油机。
 技术问题
而相对于均匀扫气方式而言分层扫气方式具有燃油短路损失小的优点,为了使分层扫气二冲程发动机更省油，废气排放更清洁，国内外在此领域采用的技术路线之一是设计和改进二冲程发动机的扫排气构造，以便提高可燃气的燃烧效率，减少可燃气的逃逸。
 技术解决方案
如果能把直流扫气与分层扫气相结合，就能进一步提高二冲程发动机的扫气效率。
 有益效果
提升了发动机的节能环保性能。
 附图说明
附图1  是本二冲程发动机的上止点示意图。
附图2  是本二冲程发动机的下止点示意图。
附图3  是活塞顶部的内部空间的储气螺旋盘管仰视图。
附图中的标记:1、气缸体，2、曲轴箱，3、活塞， 4、曲轴飞轮组，   5、排气口，6、主进气口簧片阀，7、活塞销，8、火花塞，9、主扫气通道管，10、主扫气通道端口，11、扫气口，12、副扫气通道管，13、副进气口簧片阀，14、储气螺旋盘管，15、节气门。
 本发明的最佳实施方式
本发明有两个进气口，均可独立启用，如果能同时启用就能达到直流分层扫气效果。
 本发明的实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步的描述。
如附图1、附图2 、附图3所述的实施例中，二冲程发动机直流分层扫气结构，包括气缸体1、曲轴箱2、活塞3、曲轴飞轮组4、排气口5、主进气口簧片阀6、活塞销7、火花塞8、主扫气通道管9、主扫气通道端口10、扫气口11、副扫气通道管12、副进气口簧片阀13、储气螺旋盘管14、节气门15。气缸体1内部设有用于安装活塞3的燃烧室，主扫气通道管9设在活塞顶部中央，垂直于活塞顶部，处于气缸内部中心轴线上或与轴线平行，上部的主扫气通道管端口10位于副扫气通道管12内，主扫气通道管端口10上设有活塞环或套筒（该套筒与主扫气通道上部端口10固定连接，可在副扫气通道管12内往复滑动），可在副扫气通道管12内做往复运动，下端穿过活塞3顶部，通过连接储气螺旋盘管14与曲轴箱内的燃气连通，主扫气通道管9与活塞3为硬性连接；副扫气通道管12位于气缸盖上与主扫气通道管9的轴线在一条直线上，副扫气通道管12上端设有副进气簧片阀13、节气门15，下端穿过气缸盖进入燃烧室，但不超过上止点，进入燃烧室的部分，环管道壁均匀分布扫气口11；排气口5环气缸套均匀分布；曲轴箱2上设有主进气口簧片阀6；储气螺旋盘管14设在活塞3内部顶与活塞销7之间的空间内，主进气通道簧片阀6与副进气通道簧片阀13都与曲轴箱2连通，随曲轴箱2内的压力变化同时进气或闭气。
当活塞3到达上止点时，主扫气通道管端口10到达副扫气通道管12最上端，此时被压缩的燃料混合气体空间包括燃烧室与两个扫气通道管的夹层，但夹层内的空间相比燃烧室的空间可忽略不计。此时曲轴箱2吸气结束，主进气簧片阀6、副进气簧片阀13也处于关闭状态。
主副两进气簧片阀分别吸入的气体在活塞3内部空间相混合，然后火花塞8点火做功，燃烧只集中在燃烧室内，夹层中的混合燃料气体不参与燃烧，燃烧室气体开始膨胀，活塞3下行，带动主扫气通道管端口10跟随下行，两扫气通道管夹层中的燃料混和气体也被推送到燃烧室参与燃烧，此时两个进气簧片阀关闭状态，活塞3开始做功并压缩曲轴箱2内的燃料混合气体。燃烧气体继续膨胀，当活塞3先到达排气口5，排气口5打开，气缸体1进入自由排气阶段，气缸1内的压力迅速下降，此时与活塞3连动的主扫气通道管端口10也到达扫气口11，活塞3继续下行，扫气口11打开，曲轴箱2内被压缩的燃料混合气体通过活塞3的内部空间、储气螺旋盘管14、主扫气通道管9、扫气口11，进入气缸体1开始扫气，这时曲轴箱2分层扫气的次序先是纯空气进入扫气，连着是被空气稀释后的燃料混合气体，最后是燃料混合气体。
当活塞3到达下止点后，活塞3开始上行，带动主扫气通道管端口10上行，先行关闭扫气口11，至此扫气过程结束，活塞3继续上行，接着关闭排气口5，进入压缩冲程，活塞3继续上行，曲轴箱2进入负压，主副进气簧片阀打开，曲轴箱2开始吸气，当活塞3到达上止点时，主扫气通道管端口10到达副扫气通道管12最上端，此时曲轴箱2吸气结束，主副两个进气簧片阀也处于关闭状态，完成整个做功过程，如此周而复始。
 工业实用性
本发明结构简单，体积小，适合航空航天，新能源汽车增程器。
 序列表自由内容
 

Claims (7)

  1. 一种发动机，其中，主扫气通道管（9）设在活塞（3）顶部中央，主扫气通道管（9）的轴线与气缸体（1）的轴线重合或平行。
  2. 根据权利1所述的一种发动机，其中，主扫气通道管（9）下部穿过活塞（3）顶部，通过连接储气螺旋盘管（14）与曲轴箱（2）内的燃料混合气体连通。
  3. 根据权利1所述的一种发动机，其中，副扫气通道管（12）与主扫气通道管端口（10），或主扫气通道管（9）与副扫气通道管（12）下端口,紧密滑动连接，间隙极小，主扫气通道管（9）可在副扫气通道管（12)内做往复运动。
  4. 根据权利2所述的一种发动机，其中，所述储气螺旋盘管（14）设在活塞（3）的顶部与活塞销（7）之间的内部空间内，其作用是储存一部分从副进气簧片阀进入的气体，防止其混合，同时可以给活塞（3）更好的降温。
  5. 一种发动机活塞，其中，主扫气通道管（9）设在活塞（3）顶部中央，主扫气通道管（9）的轴线与权1所述的气缸体（1）的轴线重合或平行。
  6. 一种发动机气缸盖，其中，副扫气通道管（12）位于气缸盖上，下端穿过气缸盖进入燃烧室，与权1所述的主扫气通道管（9）的轴线在一条直线上。
  7. 根据权利6所述的一种发动机，其中，副扫气通道管（12）上端设有副进气簧片阀（13）、节气门（15），节气门（15）可根据工况需要，调节从副进气簧片阀（13）吸入的气体量。
PCT/CN2020/091971 2019-05-24 2020-05-24 一种直流分层扫气二冲程发动机 WO2020238820A1 (zh)

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