WO2020237800A1 - 一种振动工况下螺栓松弛主要影响参数评定及其松弛缓减方法 - Google Patents
一种振动工况下螺栓松弛主要影响参数评定及其松弛缓减方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020237800A1 WO2020237800A1 PCT/CN2019/096264 CN2019096264W WO2020237800A1 WO 2020237800 A1 WO2020237800 A1 WO 2020237800A1 CN 2019096264 W CN2019096264 W CN 2019096264W WO 2020237800 A1 WO2020237800 A1 WO 2020237800A1
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- bolt
- test
- parameters
- clamping force
- relaxation
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000528 statistical test Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000611 regression analysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000540 analysis of variance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 description 2
- 108010014173 Factor X Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011089 mechanical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
- G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
- G06F17/18—Complex mathematical operations for evaluating statistical data, e.g. average values, frequency distributions, probability functions, regression analysis
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B31/00—Screwed connections specially modified in view of tensile load; Break-bolts
- F16B31/04—Screwed connections specially modified in view of tensile load; Break-bolts for maintaining a tensile load
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
- F16B5/02—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of fastening members using screw-thread
- F16B5/0241—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of fastening members using screw-thread with the possibility for the connection to absorb deformation, e.g. thermal or vibrational
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/02—Vibration-testing by means of a shake table
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for evaluating the main influencing parameters of bolt slack under vibration conditions and its slack mitigation method, belonging to the field of mechanical engineering.
- Bolt is a typical mechanical fastener commonly used in the engineering field. Due to the existence of vibration and alternating load environment during the service process of the connection system, especially when the bolt connection in the rotating mechanism is in a combination of dynamic tension, compression and shear When under load, the bolt connection is easier to loosen, and the bolt pre-tightening force will be loosened, causing the bolt connection structure to fail. Statistics found that the factors affecting the loosening of bolt connections involve many aspects such as mechanical processing methods, assembly processes, mechanical properties of materials and working environment, and their coupling effects aggravate the loosening process of bolts and make the problem more complicated. In the past, most of the experimental studies on bolt relaxation were based on the influence principle of a single factor.
- the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the technical deficiencies that cannot be evaluated for the bolt slack influence parameters under current vibration conditions, and provide a secondary universal rotation combination method to evaluate the main influence parameters of bolt slack, and reduce bolts under vibration conditions through lingo
- the best combination of the three influencing parameters of relaxation effectively reduces test time and material consumption.
- the secondary universal rotation combination design and lingo optimization of the present invention include the following steps:
- the three bolt relaxation influencing parameters are selected as load amplitude, vibration frequency and initial tightening torque.
- the test in the step (3) uses a fatigue tensile testing machine, and the cycle time is 14.4 ⁇ 10 3 .
- the present invention provides a method for evaluating the main influencing parameters of bolt relaxation under vibration conditions and its relaxation mitigation method.
- the main influencing parameters and the proportion of the influence of each factor on the bolt relaxation are obtained, and It also obtains the best combination of numerical values to reduce bolt slack. Realize that within a limited time, through scientific test design and analysis, find the parameter selection that can effectively reduce the bolt relaxation under vibration conditions; solve the problem of traditional technical means, the number of tests, the long time of program exploration, and the large consumption of materials Insufficient technology.
- Figure 1 is a system block diagram of bolt relaxation test design and analysis.
- Figure 2 is the bolt relaxation test model diagram under cyclic alternating load.
- Figure 3 is the residual scatter plot of the bolt clamping force attenuation rate
- Figure 4 is a graph showing the influence of various influencing parameters on the attenuation rate of bolt clamping force.
- Figure 5 shows the interactive effect of the initial tightening torque and load amplitude on the attenuation rate of bolt clamping force.
- Figure 6 is the optimized bolt clamping force change diagram
- test pieces, methods and equipment used in the present invention are common test pieces, methods and equipment in the technical field.
- the load amplitude, vibration frequency, and initial tightening torque that affect the bolt clamping force are used as three test factors, and the bolt clamping force attenuation rate is set as the target, and a three-factor five-level secondary universal rotation combination design is made, a total of 20
- the combination of test values is used to determine the best combination of the three test factors.
- each test factor is shown in Table 2.
- the Smacq data acquisition card is used to monitor the clamping force obtained under each set of test parameter combinations in real time, and the 14.4 ⁇ 10 3 cycle test is carried out respectively. After the test, the data is processed and the clamping force attenuation rate is defined It is the percentage of the difference between the bolt pre-tightening force obtained by the initial tightening torque and the bolt clamping force finally measured by the pressure sensor to the bolt pre-tightening force, expressed as:
- test data of 20 groups of influencing parameter combinations under cyclic alternating loads are shown in Table 3.
- the determination coefficient R 2 is the ratio of the regression sum of squares to the total sum of squares (0 ⁇ R 2 ⁇ 1), that is, the degree of approximation of the regression equation to the observed value.
- the determination coefficient of the quadratic regression model of bolt clamping force attenuation rate R 2 0.8875, indicating that the initial tightening torque, load amplitude, and vibration frequency in the regression model have an effect of 88.75% on the attenuation rate of bolt clamping force, while the influence and error of other factors only account for 11.25%.
- the regression equation fits the actual measurement situation very well.
- Durbin-Watson statistical test Since the estimation of the regression model is based on the assumption that the residuals of the model obey the normal distribution, if the residuals do not obey the normal distribution, then all estimation analyses performed on the regression model are unreliable.
- the Durbin-Watson (DW) statistic is used to test whether the residual distribution is a normal distribution:
- the DW distribution test shows that when 1.676 ⁇ DW ⁇ 2.324, there is no autocorrelation in the model residuals and obeys a normal distribution.
- the prediction axis of Fig. 3 is the horizontal axis, and the fitting error is the residual scatter of the regression model on the vertical axis. It can be seen that the scatter points do not show obvious regularity.
- the absolute value of the partial regression coefficient of the established regression model can identify the importance of the factor, and the positive or negative of the coefficient indicates the direction of the effect of the factor. Therefore, the influence of each influencing parameter on the attenuation rate of bolt clamping force within the test value range is in order: X 2 (load amplitude)>X 1 (initial tightening torque)>X 3 (load frequency). Among them, X 2 and X 3 are positive effects, and X 1 is a negative effect.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the interactive effect of the initial tightening torque and load amplitude on the attenuation rate of the bolt clamping force.
- the X and Y axes are the horizontal coding values of the initial tightening torque and load amplitude, respectively, and the Z axis is the bolt clamp Tightness decay rate. It can be seen from Figure 5 that when the initial tightening torque increases: the greater the amplitude, the more obvious the clamping force attenuation; the smaller the amplitude, the smaller the clamping force attenuation rate. In the case of reduced amplitude: the smaller the initial tightening torque, the attenuation rate of bolt clamping force gradually increases; the greater the initial tightening torque, the smaller the attenuation amplitude of bolt clamping force, and the maximum and amplitude The minimum bolt clamping force decay rate reaches the global minimum.
- the data is processed. Before the test, the clamping force obtained by the digital torque wrench is 26.58KN. After the test, the changed clamping force is 25.25KN as shown in Figure 6, and then the clamping force attenuation can be obtained. The rate is only 5.01%.
Abstract
Description
Claims (4)
- 一种振动工况下螺栓松弛主要影响参数评定及其松弛缓减方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:(1)根据振动工况下螺栓松弛的影响参数,可选择载荷幅值、振动频率、初始紧固力矩作为三大试验影响因子;(2)通过三因素五水平的二次通用旋转组合,设计20组三大影响参数的不同数值组合进行试验;式中:i、j为影响因子序数,且i=1、2、3;j=1、2、3;X为试验数据的编码水平;(4)根据20组三大影响参数的不同数值组合的试验结果,计算出目标函数的各项系数,得到二次回归模型;(5)为判断回归模型的可靠性,对试验结果进行方差分析,再对回归方程进行失拟项检验和统计量检验;(6)通过分析得到在振动工况下螺栓松弛的最主要影响参数以及各影响参数对螺栓夹紧力衰减的影响占比,并利用lingo优化三大影响参数并得到缓减螺栓夹紧力衰减的最佳值。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种在振动工况下缓减螺栓松弛的优化设计方法,其特征在于:载荷幅值、振动频率和初始紧固力矩判定为振动工况下影响螺栓松弛的主要影响参数。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种振动工况下螺栓松弛主要影响参数评定及其松弛缓减方法,其特征在于:所述的20种三大影响参数不同数值的组合试验,振动循环周次为14.4×10 3。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种振动工况下螺栓松弛主要影响参数评定及其松弛缓减方法,其特征在于:所述的载荷幅值、振动频率和初始紧固力矩是根据实际的振动工况中测得。
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CN113356836A (zh) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-09-07 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 页岩气压裂井口装置螺栓松动的分析方法 |
CN113916477A (zh) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-01-11 | 东风商用车有限公司 | 一种螺栓连接副的防松性能测试评价方法 |
CN115031942A (zh) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-09-09 | 南京航空航天大学 | 一种复合材料结构装配用螺栓拧紧工艺参数确定的方法 |
WO2023024303A1 (zh) * | 2021-11-19 | 2023-03-02 | 江苏徐工工程机械研究院有限公司 | 螺栓预紧力衰减预测装置及方法 |
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CN113916477B (zh) * | 2021-09-30 | 2023-09-29 | 东风商用车有限公司 | 一种螺栓连接副的防松性能测试评价方法 |
WO2023024303A1 (zh) * | 2021-11-19 | 2023-03-02 | 江苏徐工工程机械研究院有限公司 | 螺栓预紧力衰减预测装置及方法 |
CN115031942A (zh) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-09-09 | 南京航空航天大学 | 一种复合材料结构装配用螺栓拧紧工艺参数确定的方法 |
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CN110222311B (zh) | 2022-03-08 |
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