WO2020228186A1 - 一种快速人工栽培冷杉属植物幼苗的方法 - Google Patents

一种快速人工栽培冷杉属植物幼苗的方法 Download PDF

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WO2020228186A1
WO2020228186A1 PCT/CN2019/103666 CN2019103666W WO2020228186A1 WO 2020228186 A1 WO2020228186 A1 WO 2020228186A1 CN 2019103666 W CN2019103666 W CN 2019103666W WO 2020228186 A1 WO2020228186 A1 WO 2020228186A1
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abies
seedlings
fertilizer
rapidly
plant seedlings
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French (fr)
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陈利萍
王挺进
刘柯
袁璐
帅辉
刘玥
杨洋
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Zhejiang University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G23/00—Forestry
    • A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
    • A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
    • A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for rapidly artificially cultivating seedlings of plants of the genus Abies, which promotes the rapid and robust growth of seedlings, and completes the field return of artificially cultivated seedlings and artificial afforestation as soon as possible.
  • Pinaceae Abies plants have obvious endemic and relic phenomena. They originated in the middle and high altitude areas of the Northern Hemisphere in the middle of the Cretaceous. It is of great significance for the study of plant geographic distribution, system evolution, paleoclimate and paleogeography. . At the same time, fir plants are important forest vegetation and an excellent source of wood. Fir resin is also the best glue for making slices and precision instruments.
  • Abies beshanzuensis (Abies beshanzuensis) is a national first-level key protected plant and an ancient relic plant unique to my country. In 1987, it was listed as one of the 12 most endangered plants in the world by the World Conservation Union Species Survival Committee (SSC).
  • SSC World Conservation Union Species Survival Committee
  • the Baishanzu fir is naturally distributed in the narrow sheltered valley at an altitude of about 1,740 meters in the Baishanzu Nature Reserve. It was widely distributed in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian and other provinces in the Tertiary Period. The rare species so far are of great significance to the study of geography and climatology.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to improve the prior art and provide a method for rapidly artificially cultivating seedlings of fir genus plants.
  • the object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a method for rapidly artificially cultivating fir seedlings, the method is: transplanting fir seedlings to sterilized artificial substrates for cultivation, and applying fertilizer to the roots .
  • the artificial matrix is obtained by high-pressure steam sterilization after the compressed matrix and the pine scale are uniformly mixed in equal volume;
  • the fertilizer is obtained by the following method: taking 1 mL of the microbial fertilizer stock solution and 1.0 g of the water-soluble fertilizer, and adding purified water to make the volume to 1000 mL.
  • the preparation method of the microbial fertilizer stock solution is as follows: take 100 g of brown sugar, 2L of purified water, stir and dissolve, and then carry out high-pressure steam sterilization; Loosen the mouth of the container to release gas in 1 to 2 days.
  • the high-pressure steam sterilization method is: maintaining at a temperature of 121° C. and a pressure in the sterilization pot up to 0.15 MPa for 20-25 minutes.
  • the strains are rapidly activated for the first 2 to 4 days of fermentation to produce a large amount of gas, and then the gas production rate decreases until the activation is completed, the pH is 3.5 to 4.5, the smell is sour and sweet and not pungent.
  • the water-soluble fertilizers are fertilizers with balanced nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, such as "Kangjing 17-17-17", which contain necessary macroelements and trace elements.
  • the compressed matrix uses the combination of fine sphagnum moss and fine perlite suitable for seedling growth, "Lambeau LM-18".
  • the pine scales have a diameter of 3 to 5 mm.
  • the culture environment is: temperature 23°C/18°C, light quantum flux density (PPDF) not less than 80 ⁇ mol/m 2 ⁇ s, light time 14h/d, and air humidity maintained above 80%.
  • PPDF light quantum flux density
  • the advantages of the invention are: the seedlings of the fir genus plants of the invention are used as materials, and microbial fertilizers and water-soluble fertilizers are applied and cultivated in a suitable artificial substrate and a suitable environment. Solve the problem of slow growth of fir seedlings and low survival rate of seedlings under natural environmental conditions. The seedlings of fir plants suitable for return to the wild can be quickly obtained in a short time.
  • the method is versatile, efficient, and has strong operability and significant effects. In addition to being suitable for fir plants, it is also of great significance for the rapid cultivation of other pines.
  • the EM strain solid powder in the following examples was purchased from Henan Yueshi Jingzhong Technology Co., Ltd. It has been verified by a large number of experiments that any manufacturer's EM strain solid powder or self-prepared EM strain solid powder according to the existing literature can be used in the present invention.
  • This example takes as an example to promote the rapid growth of Baishanzu fir embryo culture seedlings.
  • Step (1) Preparation of microbial activation liquid medium. Take 100g of brown sugar, 2L of purified water, stir to dissolve and perform autoclave sterilization at 121°C and 0.15MPa for 21min;
  • Step (2) Activate the bacteria to prepare a microbial fertilizer stock solution. Take 1.0g of EM strain solid powder, add it to the sterilized medium in step 1, seal and ferment at 37°C for 7 days, loosen the container mouth every 2 days to release gas;
  • Step (3) Prepare artificial substrate for seedling culture. Take out the “Lambeau LM-18" compressed matrix, make it loose and mix it with an equal volume of 3 ⁇ 5mm pine scales, add purified water and stir evenly, then perform high-pressure steam sterilization.
  • the sterilization method is the same as step (1);
  • Step (4) Cultivation of Baishanzu fir seedlings. Take out Baishanzu fir seedlings from the Baishanzu fir embryo culture medium, wash the root medium, and transplant them into the artificial substrate configured in step 3 after sterilization. At a temperature of 23°C/18°C, light quantum flux The density (PPDF) is not less than 80 ⁇ mol/m 2 ⁇ s, the light time is 14h/d, and the humidity is gradually reduced from 100% to over 80% within two weeks.
  • PPDF density
  • Step (5) Apply microbial fertilizer and water-soluble fertilizer. Take 1mL of the microbial fertilizer stock solution prepared in step 2 and 1.0g of the water-soluble fertilizer "Kangjing 17-17-17", add pure water to make the volume to 1000mL, and apply the fertilizer once a week to the roots of the seedlings. Plant 5-15mL, and keep the substrate moist with clean water for the rest of the time. By this method, the seedlings can grow to the size of a 2- to 3-year-old plant in the wild environment within 10 months.
  • This example takes as an example the promotion of natural germination of resource fir seeds and the rapid growth of seedlings.
  • Step (1) Preparation of microbial activation liquid medium. Take 100g of brown sugar, 2L of purified water, stir to dissolve and perform autoclave sterilization at 121°C and 0.15MPa for 21min;
  • Step (2) Activate the bacteria to prepare a microbial fertilizer stock solution. Take 1.0g of EM strain solid powder, add it to the sterilized medium in step 1, seal and ferment at 37°C for 7 days, loosen the container mouth every 2 days to release gas;
  • Step (3) Prepare artificial substrate for cultivation of resource fir seedlings. Take out the "Lambeau LM-18" compressed matrix, make it loose and mix it with an equal volume of 3 ⁇ 5mm pine scales, add purified water and stir evenly, then perform high-pressure steam sterilization.
  • the sterilization method is the same as step (1);
  • Step (4) Resource fir seedling cultivation. Transplant the naturally germinated resource fir seedlings into the artificial substrate sterilized in step 3, at a temperature of 23°C/18°C, a light quantum flux density (PPDF) not less than 80 ⁇ mol/m 2 ⁇ s, and an illumination time of 14h/d , The humidity is kept above 80%;
  • PPDF light quantum flux density
  • Step (5) Apply microbial fertilizer and water-soluble fertilizer. Take 1mL of the microbial fertilizer stock solution prepared in step 2 and 1.0g of water-soluble fertilizer, add purified water to make the volume to 1000mL, water the seedlings at the roots, water the fertilizer twice a week, each time 5-15m per plant, use the rest of the time Clean water keeps the substrate moist.
  • the seedlings can grow to a height of more than 10 cm in 6 months, with more than 2 primary branches.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Cell Biology (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

一种快速人工栽培冷杉属植物幼苗的方法，旨在解决以百山祖冷杉为主的冷杉属植物幼苗在自然环境中生长缓慢及成活率低等问题。以冷杉属植物幼苗为材料，以微生物肥料、水溶性肥料浇施，结合适宜人工配方基质及栽培环境，促使幼苗快速成长。在人工配制的基质以及人工栽培环境下，冷杉属植物幼苗快速生长，可在10个月内达到野外生境2～3年苗的大小。改善了冷杉属植物幼苗在自然条件下生长缓慢及困难等问题。该方法通用、高效且可操作性强、效果显著，除适用于冷杉属植物，对其他松科植物快速培育也具有重要意义。

Description

一种快速人工栽培冷杉属植物幼苗的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种快速人工栽培冷杉属植物幼苗的方法，促进幼苗迅速茁壮生长，早日完成人工培育幼苗的野外回归以及人工造林。
背景技术
松科(Pinaceae)冷杉属(Abies)植物地方性和遗迹现象明显，在白垩纪中期起源于北半球的中、高海拔地区，对于植物地理分布、系统演化、古气候和古地理等研究有重要意义。同时，冷杉属植物是重要的森林植被，也是优良的木材来源，冷杉树脂也是制作切片和精密仪器的最好胶合剂。
其中，百山祖冷杉(Abies beshanzuensis)是国家一级重点保护植物，是我国特有的古老孑遗植物。1987年被世界自然保护联盟物种生存委员会(SSC)公布列为世界最濒危的12种植物之一。百山祖冷杉自然分布于百山祖自然保护区海拔1740米左右的狭小避风谷地，第三纪时在苏、浙、皖、闽等省广泛分布，是第四纪冰期后在局部地段唯一生存至今的珍稀物种，对于地理学和气候学等学科研究具有十分重要的意义。
在自然条件下，冷杉属植物大多与真菌共生，人工培育幼苗困难。同时，自然界萌发的实生苗也存在生长非常缓慢、生长势极弱等问题。因此，急需发明一种快速人工栽培冷杉属植物的方法，促使幼苗在人工基质中迅速茁壮成长，早日回归野外。
发明内容
本发明的目的是对现有技术的完善，提供一种快速人工栽培冷杉属植物幼苗的方法。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：一种快速人工栽培冷杉属植物幼苗的方法，该方法为：将冷杉属植物幼苗移栽至灭菌后的人工基质进行培养，对根部浇施肥料。
所述的人工基质由压缩基质与松鳞等体积混合均匀后，经高压蒸汽灭菌得到；
所述肥料通过以下方法获得：取微生物肥料原液1mL、水溶性肥料1.0g，加入纯净水定容至1000mL。其中，微生物肥料原液的配制方法为：取红糖100 g，纯净水2L，搅拌溶解后进行高压蒸汽灭菌；加入EM菌种固体粉剂1.0g，于35～37℃下密封发酵5～7d，每1～2天松开容器口释放气体。
进一步地，高压蒸汽灭菌方法为：在温度为121℃、灭菌锅内压力达0.15MPa下维持20～25min。
进一步地，微生物肥料原液的发酵过程中，菌种进行发酵的前2～4d迅速活化，产生大量气体，而后产气速率下降直至活化完成，pH为3.5～4.5，气味酸甜不刺鼻。
进一步地，水溶性肥料选用氮磷钾养分均衡性肥料，例如“康晶17-17-17”，含有必需的大量元素和微量元素。
进一步地，压缩基质采用适合幼苗生长的细泥炭藓和细珍珠岩的组合“朗博LM-18”，松鳞直径3～5mm，混合时，加入纯净水至基质在手中能捏成团、不松散但不滴水。
进一步地，培养环境为：温度23℃/18℃，光量子通量密度(PPDF)不低于80μmol/m 2·s，光照时间14h/d，空气湿度保持在80％以上。
本发明的优点是：本发明冷杉属植物幼苗为材料，浇施微生物肥料及水溶性肥料，在合适的人工基质及适宜环境中进行栽培。解决冷杉属植物幼苗生长缓慢，自然环境条件下幼苗成活率低等问题。可在短期内快速获得适于野外回归的冷杉属植物成苗。该方法通用、高效且可操作性强、效果显著，除适用于冷杉属植物外，对其他松科植物的快速培育也具有重要意义。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进一步说明。
以下实施例中的EM菌种固体粉剂购自河南省岳式精忠科技有限公司。经大量试验验证，任何厂家的EM菌种固体粉剂或按照现有文献自配的EM菌种固体粉剂均可以用于本发明。
实施例1：
材料：本实例以促进百山祖冷杉胚培养幼苗快速成长为例。
步骤(1)：配制微生物活化液体培养基。取红糖100g，纯净水2L，搅拌溶解后在121℃、0.15MPa环境下进行高压蒸汽灭菌21min；
步骤(2)：活化菌种制成微生物肥料原液。取EM菌种固体粉剂1.0g，加入步骤1灭菌后的培养基中，于37℃下密封发酵7d，每2天松开容器口释放气体；
步骤(3)：配制幼苗培养人工基质。取出“朗博LM-18”压缩基质，使其松散后与等体积3～5mm松鳞混合，加入纯净水搅拌均匀后进行高压蒸汽灭菌，灭菌方法同步骤(1)；
步骤(4)：百山祖冷杉幼苗培养。从百山祖冷杉胚培养培养基中取出百山祖冷杉幼苗，洗净根部培养基后，移栽至灭菌后的步骤3配置的人工基质中，于温度23℃/18℃，光量子通量密度(PPDF)不低于80μmol/m 2·s，光照时间14h/d，湿度两周内由100％逐渐降至80％以上的环境下培养；
步骤(5)：浇施微生物肥料及水溶性肥料。取步骤2配制的微生物肥料原液1mL、水溶性肥料“康晶17-17-17”1.0g，加入纯净水定容至1000mL，对幼苗进行根部浇施，每周浇施一次肥料，每次每株5～15mL，其余时间用清水保持基质湿润。通过该方法，幼苗可在10个月内长至野外环境2～3年生植株大小。
实施例2：
材料：本实例以促进资源冷杉种子自然萌发幼苗快速成长为例。
步骤(1)：配制微生物活化液体培养基。取红糖100g，纯净水2L，搅拌溶解后在121℃、0.15MPa环境下进行高压蒸汽灭菌21min；
步骤(2)：活化菌种制成微生物肥料原液。取EM菌种固体粉剂1.0g，加入步骤1灭菌后的培养基中，于37℃下密封发酵7d，每2天松开容器口释放气体；
步骤(3)：配制资源冷杉幼苗培养人工基质。取出“朗博LM-18”压缩基质，使其松散后与等体积3～5mm松鳞混合，加入纯净水搅拌均匀后进行高压蒸汽灭菌，灭菌方法同步骤(1)；
步骤(4)：资源冷杉幼苗培养。将自然萌发的资源冷杉幼苗移栽至步骤3灭菌后的人工基质中，于温度23℃/18℃，光量子通量密度(PPDF)不低于80μmol/m 2·s，光照时间14h/d，湿度保持80％以上；
步骤(5)：浇施微生物肥料及水溶性肥料。取步骤2配制的微生物肥料原液1mL、水溶性肥料1.0g，加入纯净水定容至1000mL，对幼苗进行根部浇施，每周浇施两次肥料，每次每株5～15m，其余时间用清水保持基质湿润。通过该方法，幼苗可在6个月内长至10cm以上高度，带2个以上一级分枝。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种快速人工栽培冷杉属植物幼苗的方法，其特征在于，该方法为：
    将冷杉属植物幼苗移栽至灭菌后的人工基质进行培养，对根部浇施肥料。
    所述的人工基质由压缩基质与松鳞等体积混合均匀后，经高压蒸汽灭菌得到；
    所述肥料通过以下方法获得：取微生物肥料原液1mL、水溶性肥料1.0g，加入纯净水定容至1000mL。其中，微生物肥料原液的配制方法为：取红糖100g，纯净水2L，搅拌溶解后进行高压蒸汽灭菌；加入EM菌种固体粉剂1.0g，于35～37℃下密封发酵5～7d，每1～2天松开容器口释放气体。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：高压蒸汽灭菌方法为：在温度为121℃、灭菌锅内压力达0.15MPa下维持20～25min。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：微生物肥料原液的发酵过程中，菌种进行发酵的前2～4d迅速活化，产生大量气体，而后产气速率下降直至活化完成，pH为3.5～4.5，气味酸甜不刺鼻。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：水溶性肥料选用氮磷钾养分均衡性肥料。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：压缩基质采用适合幼苗生长的细泥炭藓和细珍珠岩的组合“朗博LM-18”，松鳞直径3～5mm，混合时，加入纯净水至基质在手中能捏成团、不松散但不滴水。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：培养环境为：温度23℃/18℃，光量子通量密度(PPDF)不低于80μmol/m 2·s，光照时间14h/d，空气湿度保持在80％以上。
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