WO2020225981A1 - Self-excited vibration heat pipe cooling device, and railway vehicle on which cooling device is mounted - Google Patents

Self-excited vibration heat pipe cooling device, and railway vehicle on which cooling device is mounted Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020225981A1
WO2020225981A1 PCT/JP2020/011670 JP2020011670W WO2020225981A1 WO 2020225981 A1 WO2020225981 A1 WO 2020225981A1 JP 2020011670 W JP2020011670 W JP 2020011670W WO 2020225981 A1 WO2020225981 A1 WO 2020225981A1
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Prior art keywords
heat pipe
self
heat
cooling device
excited
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PCT/JP2020/011670
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
遠藤　和広
陽介 安田
史花 鍋島
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株式会社日立製作所
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Priority to CN202080029866.9A priority Critical patent/CN113710982B/en
Priority to JP2021518312A priority patent/JP7179170B2/en
Publication of WO2020225981A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020225981A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/047—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
    • F28F13/10—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by imparting a pulsating motion to the flow, e.g. by sonic vibration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
    • H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
    • H01L23/42—Fillings or auxiliary members in containers or encapsulations selected or arranged to facilitate heating or cooling
    • H01L23/427—Cooling by change of state, e.g. use of heat pipes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cooling device using a self-excited oscillating heat pipe, and is suitable as a cooling device mounted on a railroad vehicle.
  • Non-Patent Document 1 describes that one narrow flow path is reciprocated many times between the heating part and the cooling part, and this flow path is exhausted to a vacuum to evaporate. By enclosing about half the volume of the flow path, a liquid slag and a steam plug are formed due to the surface tension effect, and the liquid slag vibrates self-excited as the amount of heat increases, from the heating part to the cooling part. It is described as transporting heat.
  • Non-Patent Document 2 evaluates the influence of the initial gas-liquid distribution on the starting characteristics by calculation using the internal flow model. In order for the self-excited oscillating heat pipe to start, it is necessary that there is a difference in the void ratio of each turn in the initial state, or that liquid slag exists in the heating part and the driving force due to boiling is obtained. Says.
  • Patent Document 1 has a structure in which a plurality of power semiconductor elements are arranged on one surface of a heat receiving member and a heat radiating portion composed of a self-excited vibration heat pipe is provided on the opposite surface of the heat receiving member. A self-oscillation heat pipe cooler is shown.
  • Non-Patent Document 2 shows that, for example, when the liquid slag and the vapor plug are evenly distributed in each turn, the vapor plug that works on both ends of the liquid slag even if the heating part is heated. The pressures are the same, indicating that the liquid slag does not move and self-excited vibration does not occur.
  • Patent Document 1 does not disclose a configuration that generates self-excited vibration when the initial distribution of liquid slag or vapor plug is uniform.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a self-excited vibration heat pipe cooling device that generates self-excited vibration and has excellent startability even when the initial distribution of liquid slag or vapor plug in the heat pipe is uniform. And.
  • a heat receiving part and a heat radiating part formed by forming a corrugated shape by communicating a pipe that encloses and seals a working fluid in a rectangular wave shape in the thickness direction.
  • a heat pipe having a structure in which the heat receiving portions are alternately arranged, a heat receiving member joined to the heat receiving portion, and a heating element arranged on the surface of the heat receiving member opposite to the surface to which the heat receiving portion is joined are provided.
  • At least one of the configuration of the heat radiating portion, the configuration of the heat receiving portion, and the configuration of the heat receiving member is changed to make the temperature distribution of the heat receiving portion with respect to the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe asymmetric with respect to the central portion in the longitudinal direction. It is characterized by generating self-excited vibration.
  • a self-excited vibration heat pipe cooling device capable of generating self-excited vibration and having excellent startability even when the initial distribution of liquid slag and vapor plug in the heat pipe is uniform. Can be provided.
  • FIG. 1 It is a side view which shows the structure of the self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling apparatus which concerns on Example 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the flow path structure of the self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling apparatus adopted in the Example which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which shows another example of the flow path structure of the self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling apparatus adopted in the Example which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which shows the cross-sectional structure of the self-excited oscillating heat pipe shown in FIG. 2 or FIG. It is a schematic diagram of the self-excited oscillating heat pipe used for the calculation, and the figure which shows the initial gas-liquid distribution.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view showing the structure of the self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling device 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the self-excited vibration heat pipe cooling device 100 is composed of a heat pipe 12, a heat receiving member 10, and a heating element 11 that vibrate by self-excitation.
  • the heating element 11 is asymmetrically arranged with respect to the central portion of the heat pipe 12 in the longitudinal direction. Further, as the material of the heat pipe 12 and the heat receiving member 10, a metal such as an aluminum alloy or copper having good thermal conductivity is used.
  • the heat pipe 12 that vibrates by itself has a shape that is bent into a U shape a plurality of times at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction thereof.
  • One end of a plurality of U-shaped bent portions of the heat pipe 12 is joined to one surface of the heat receiving member 10 by brazing or the like, and a plurality of heat receiving portions 9 are formed on the heat pipe 12 at equal intervals.
  • a plurality of equidistant portions of the heat pipe 12 other than the heat receiving portions 9 form heat radiating portions 20 that exchange heat with air 101 or 102 (indicating wind in both directions with respect to the paper surface).
  • fins 13 are fixed between the bent heat pipes 12 by brazing or the like to form a heat radiating portion together with the heat pipes 12.
  • the heating element 11 is arranged on a surface opposite to the surface of the heat receiving member 10 to which the heat receiving portion 9 of the heat pipe 12 is joined.
  • the arrangement position of the heating element 11 is a position asymmetrical with respect to the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe 12, and is closer to one end portion 3 side. At that position, the heating element 11 is fixed by a screw or the like (not shown) via a member (not shown) such as grease.
  • the heating element 11 is a power module including a power semiconductor element such as an IGBT or a MOS-FET, for example.
  • FIG. 2 and 3 are diagrams showing an example of the flow path structure of the self-excited oscillating heat pipe adopted in the examples described later in the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing, for example, the AA cross section of FIG. 2 as a cross-sectional structure of the self-excited oscillating heat pipe shown in FIG. 2 or FIG.
  • the self-excited oscillating heat pipe 12 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 is composed of a multi-hole flat pipe. As the structure, for example, as shown in FIG. 2, it is arranged in parallel and parallel, and each row is composed of a plurality of flow paths that do not communicate with each other, and as shown in FIG. 3, it is composed of a meandering flow path. May be done. Further, the pipe constituting the self-excited oscillating heat pipe adopted in the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned multi-hole flat pipe, and is composed of a single circular pipe, for example, as shown in FIG. May be good.
  • a partition 2 is provided between adjacent flow paths 1, the flow path diameter and the width of the partition (between flow paths pitch) are on the order of mm, and the flow path length is sufficient as compared with the flow path diameter. To long.
  • the thickness of the self-excited oscillating heat pipe 12 is set to about mm order from the viewpoint of thermal conductivity and ease of processing.
  • a working fluid (not shown) in an amount of half the volume of the flow path is sealed in the closed flow path 1.
  • a plurality of straight-shaped multi-hole flat pipes having the same length are arranged in parallel in the thickness direction without using a bending process for the multi-hole flat pipe. It may be configured by installing.
  • both ends of the multi-hole flat pipes installed in parallel in the thickness direction of a plurality of pipes are fixed by using a member such as an end sealing member having slits on the multi-hole flat pipe side, and the slits are used.
  • the hydraulic fluid can be moved by alternately communicating the ends of the adjacent multi-hole flat pipes at both ends of the multi-hole flat pipe. In this way, it is possible to form a self-excited oscillating heat pipe having a closed flow path in which the flow path is formed in a rectangular wave shape (alternately folded and extends along the longitudinal direction of the multi-hole flat tube).
  • 5 to 8 are diagrams showing calculation results related to the startability of the self-excited oscillating heat pipe according to the present invention.
  • the calculation model used for the calculation is based on Non-Patent Document 3.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the self-excited oscillating heat pipe used in the calculation and a diagram showing the initial gas-liquid distribution.
  • the self-excited vibration heat pipe used in the calculation is a copper pipe having an inner diameter of 1.0 mm and an outer diameter of 1.6 mm, and has a length of one turn (the length of the heat pipe between adjacent U-shaped bent portions of the heat pipe). The distance in the direction) is 240 mm, and the number of turns is 10.
  • the heat receiving part is 8 mm
  • the heat radiating part is 204 mm
  • the others are heat insulating parts.
  • both ends of the heat pipe are provided with portions extended by 50 mm to form a steam chamber portion.
  • the calculations were performed in both cases with and without one-sided insulation.
  • the cooling part at the right end of the heat pipe is heat-insulated by 13 mm (the part with hatching in FIG. 5).
  • R1336mzz (Z) was used as the working fluid to be sealed in the heat pipe, and the filling rate was set to 0.5.
  • R1336mzz (Z) corresponds to a refrigerant number indicating a refrigerant based on the standard, and is one of the new refrigerants.
  • the cooling temperature of the heat radiating part was 20 ° C.
  • the heat transfer coefficient was given a value corresponding to the heat transfer coefficient outside the tube at a wind speed of 4 m / sec.
  • the initial vapor plug had a liquid film having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m all around the plug.
  • the initial temperature of the heat pipe was the same as the cooling temperature, and heating was started at a time of 0 sec.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the time change of gas-liquid distribution with and without one-sided heat insulation shown in (a) and with one-sided heat insulation shown in (b).
  • the vertical axis of the figure is the distance from the origin of the heat pipe (the left end excluding the steam chamber portion), and the horizontal axis of the figure is the time after the start of heating.
  • the black part represents the liquid slag and the white part represents the vapor plug.
  • vibration does not occur without the one-sided heat insulation shown in (a), and vibration occurs in the vicinity of time 16 sec with the one-sided heat insulation shown in (b).
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the results of calculating the temperature distribution of the heat receiving portion at the start of self-excited vibration (around 16 sec) with and without one-sided heat insulation shown in (a) and with one-sided heat insulation shown in (b). Without the one-sided heat insulation shown in (a), the temperature distribution of the heat receiving part is uniform, but with the one-sided heat insulation shown in (b), the temperature of the heat receiving part at the right end is higher than the temperature of the heat receiving part of the other part. It has become.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the calculation results of the time change up to 20 sec as the fifth and sixth liquid slag displacements from the left side of the central portion of the heat pipe.
  • the displacement of the fifth liquid slag is -1 mm and the displacement of the sixth liquid slag is +1 mm.
  • the first steam plug on the left end and the eleventh steam plug on the right end have the same original volume as other steam plugs, even if the mass of the steam plug increases due to liquid film evaporation. Larger than other steam plugs. Therefore, the pressure rise is small, and the liquid slag moves from the center of the heat pipe to both ends due to the pressure difference acting on both ends of the liquid slag.
  • the liquid slag repeats positive and negative displacements of about 3 mm twice, and then vibrates while gradually increasing the amplitude with negative displacements from the time 12.7 sec. Then, after a time of 15.7 sec, it vibrates with a large amplitude of 5 mm or more.
  • the vapor plug moves with the displacement of the liquid slag, and in the vapor plug, evaporation and condensation are performed in the liquid film due to the temperature difference from the wall temperature.
  • the mass of the steam plug increases or decreases, and the pressure of the steam plug rises and falls accordingly.
  • the vibration after the liquid slag time of 15.7 sec starts when the fluctuation of the pressure difference acting on both ends of the liquid slag becomes large.
  • the mechanism of starting self-excited vibration by one-sided heat insulation is summarized.
  • the liquid slag moves in the same direction after heating, and the displacements of the liquid slag are aligned in one direction. Due to this movement of the liquid slag, the vapor plug evaporates and condenses in the liquid film due to the temperature difference from the tube wall. As a result, the mass of the steam plug increases or decreases, and the pressure rises and falls accordingly. Therefore, the pressure difference acting on both ends of the liquid slag fluctuates, and minute vibration is generated.
  • the displacements of the liquid slags are aligned in one direction, so the movements of the liquid slags do not cancel each other out and develop into large vibrations.
  • the displacement of the liquid slag is small at the center of the heat pipe, which easily vibrates, and the directions are opposite, so the generated minute vibrations cancel each other out and do not develop into large vibrations.
  • the present invention is an application of the above calculation results. That is, in the self-excited vibration heat pipe cooling device according to the present invention, as shown in FIG. 7B, the temperature distribution of the heat receiving portion with respect to the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe is higher at one end than at the other end. That is, by having a characteristic of being asymmetric with respect to the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe, excellent startability is exhibited.
  • the heating element 11 is mounted in the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe 12 in order to have a characteristic that the temperature distribution of the heat receiving portion with respect to the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe is asymmetric with respect to the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe 12. It is arranged asymmetrically with respect to the central part of.
  • the flow resistance of the turn portion at the end of the flat tube is large, and it is difficult for the working fluid to move at the end of the flat tube. Therefore, the vibration of the liquid slag is caused by the turn of the end of the flat tube. It mainly occurs in the part excluding the part.
  • the first embodiment has a characteristic that the temperature distribution of the heat receiving portion with respect to the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe is asymmetric with respect to the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe, as in the case of the circular pipe and the plurality of flow paths.
  • Examples 2 to 5 of the present invention will be shown. At that time, in Examples 2 to 5, the parts different from those in the first embodiment will be described, and the description of the parts overlapping with the first embodiment will be omitted.
  • FIG. 9 is a side view showing the structure of the self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling device 100a according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • a plurality of heating elements 11a are arranged asymmetrically with respect to the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe 12.
  • FIG. 9 shows a case where two heating elements 11a are arranged.
  • the temperature distribution of the heat receiving portion 9 with respect to the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe is high at one end and with respect to the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe 12. Since it has the characteristic of being asymmetrical, self-excited vibration is generated and it is excellent in startability.
  • FIG. 10 is a side view showing the structure of the self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling device 100b according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling device 100b according to the third embodiment has a smaller number of fins 13a closest to one end 3 in the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe 12. As a result, heat dissipation at one end is suppressed and the temperature at one end rises.
  • the temperature distribution of the heat receiving portion 9 with respect to the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe has a characteristic of being asymmetrical with respect to the central portion of the heat pipe 12 in the longitudinal direction, so that self-excited vibration occurs. Excellent startability.
  • FIG. 11 is a side view showing the structure of the self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling device 100c according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling device 100c according to the fourth embodiment is provided with a heat insulating member 14 in a part of the heat radiating portion 20 of the heat pap 12 closest to one end 3 in the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe 12. As a result, heat dissipation at one end is suppressed and the temperature at one end rises.
  • the method for providing the heat insulating member 14 in a part of the heat radiating portion 20 is not limited.
  • a method of attaching the heat insulating member 14 to a part of the heat radiating portion 20 is used.
  • the temperature distribution of the heat receiving portion 9 with respect to the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe has a characteristic of being asymmetrical with respect to the central portion of the heat pipe 12 in the longitudinal direction, self-excited vibration occurs. Excellent startability.
  • FIG. 12 is a side view showing the structure of the self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling device 100d according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the length of the end portion of the heat receiving member 10a on the one end portion 3 side of the heat pipe 12 is shortened, and both ends of the heat pipe 12 in the longitudinal direction are respectively shortened.
  • the lengths of both ends of the heat receiving member 10a corresponding to the above are different. As a result, the thermal resistance at one end increases and the temperature at one end rises.
  • the temperature distribution of the heat receiving portion 9 with respect to the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe has a characteristic of being asymmetrical with respect to the central portion of the heat pipe 12 in the longitudinal direction, self-excited vibration occurs. Excellent startability.
  • FIG. 13 is a side view showing the structure of the self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling device 100e according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the area of the heat receiving portion located at one end 3 in the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe 12 is made wider than that of the other heat receiving portions. As a result, the amount of heat received at one end increases and the temperature rises.
  • the method for increasing the area of the heat receiving portion described above is not limited.
  • the heat receiving portion 9b of one end portion 3 in the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe 12 is joined to the heat receiving portion 10b provided on the heat receiving member 10 by brazing or the like to receive heat of the one end portion 3.
  • the area is increasing.
  • the temperature distribution of the heat receiving portion 9 with respect to the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe has a characteristic of being asymmetrical with respect to the central portion of the heat pipe 12 in the longitudinal direction, self-excited vibration occurs. Excellent startability.
  • the self-excited vibration heat pipe cooling devices 100, 100a, 100b, 100c, 100d and 100e described as Examples 1 to 6 are power modules for driving mounted on a railway vehicle (power semiconductors such as IGBTs and MOS-FETs). It is suitable for cooling power modules equipped with elements.
  • self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling devices 100, 100a to 100e, in which this power module is mounted on a heat receiving member 10 as a heating element 11, are mounted under the floor of a railroad vehicle.
  • this power module is mounted on a heat receiving member 10 as a heating element 11
  • this power module is mounted on a heat receiving member 10 as a heating element 11

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Abstract

In order to provide a self-excited vibration heat pipe cooling device in which self-excited vibration is generated even when the initial distribution of liquid slag and vapor plug in the heat pipe is uniform, whereby an excellent startability is obtained, the present invention provides a self-excited vibration heat pipe cooling device, equipped with: a heat pipe having a structure in which heat-receiving parts and heat dissipation parts are alternately disposed, the heat pipe being constituted by communicating, in the thickness direction in a rectangular wavy shape, pipes that are made to enclose a working fluid and sealed, so as to form a wave shape; a heat-receiving member joined to the heat-receiving parts; and a heating body disposed on the surface of the heat-receiving member on the opposite side from the surface to which the heat-receiving parts are joined. At least one of the disposition of the heating body, the configuration of the heat dissipation parts, the configuration of the heat-receiving parts, and the configuration of the heat-receiving member is changed, and the temperature distribution of the heat-receiving parts with respect to the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe is made asymmetrical about the center part with respect to the longitudinal direction, whereby self-excited vibration is generated.

Description

自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置および当該冷却装置を搭載した鉄道車両Self-excited vibration heat pipe cooling device and railroad vehicle equipped with the cooling device
　本発明は、自励振動ヒートパイプを利用する冷却装置に関し、鉄道車両に搭載する冷却装置として好適である。 The present invention relates to a cooling device using a self-excited oscillating heat pipe, and is suitable as a cooling device mounted on a railroad vehicle.
　冷却装置に用いる自励振動ヒートパイプについて、非特許文献１には、加熱部と冷却部との間に１本の細い流路を多数回往復させて、この流路を真空に排気して蒸発液体を流路体積の半分程度封入することで、表面張力効果により液スラグと蒸気プラグが形成され、加熱量の増加に伴い液スラグの振動が自励的に発生し、加熱部から冷却部へ熱を輸送することが説明されている。 Regarding the self-excited vibration heat pipe used in the cooling device, Non-Patent Document 1 describes that one narrow flow path is reciprocated many times between the heating part and the cooling part, and this flow path is exhausted to a vacuum to evaporate. By enclosing about half the volume of the flow path, a liquid slag and a steam plug are formed due to the surface tension effect, and the liquid slag vibrates self-excited as the amount of heat increases, from the heating part to the cooling part. It is described as transporting heat.
　また、非特許文献２では、内部流動モデルを用いた計算により、初期の気液分布の始動特性への影響を評価している。自励振動ヒートパイプが始動するためには、初期状態において各ターンのボイド率に違いがあること、または、液体スラグが加熱部に存在し沸騰による駆動力を得ること、が必要条件であると述べている。 In addition, Non-Patent Document 2 evaluates the influence of the initial gas-liquid distribution on the starting characteristics by calculation using the internal flow model. In order for the self-excited oscillating heat pipe to start, it is necessary that there is a difference in the void ratio of each turn in the initial state, or that liquid slag exists in the heating part and the driving force due to boiling is obtained. Says.
　一方、特許文献１には、複数のパワー半導体素子を受熱部材の一方側の面に配置し、受熱部材の他方側の反対面に自励振動ヒートパイプから成る放熱部を設置した構造を持つ自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却器が示されている。 On the other hand, Patent Document 1 has a structure in which a plurality of power semiconductor elements are arranged on one surface of a heat receiving member and a heat radiating portion composed of a self-excited vibration heat pipe is provided on the opposite surface of the heat receiving member. A self-oscillation heat pipe cooler is shown.
特開２０１８－８８７４４号公報JP-A-2018-88744
　非特許文献２に示されている知見は、逆に、例えば各ターンに液体スラグや蒸気プラグが均等に分布している場合、加熱部が加熱されても、液体スラグの両端に働く蒸気プラグの圧力は同じとなり、液体スラグの移動が起こらず、自励振動が発生しないことを表している。 On the contrary, the findings shown in Non-Patent Document 2 show that, for example, when the liquid slag and the vapor plug are evenly distributed in each turn, the vapor plug that works on both ends of the liquid slag even if the heating part is heated. The pressures are the same, indicating that the liquid slag does not move and self-excited vibration does not occur.
　また、特許文献１には、液体スラグや蒸気プラグの初期の分布が均一な場合の自励振動を発生させる構成については開示されていない。 Further, Patent Document 1 does not disclose a configuration that generates self-excited vibration when the initial distribution of liquid slag or vapor plug is uniform.
　本発明は、ヒートパイプ内の液体スラグや蒸気プラグの初期分布が均一な場合であっても、自励振動を発生させて始動性に優れた自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置を提供することを目的とする。 An object of the present invention is to provide a self-excited vibration heat pipe cooling device that generates self-excited vibration and has excellent startability even when the initial distribution of liquid slag or vapor plug in the heat pipe is uniform. And.
　本発明に係る自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置は、作動流体を封入し密閉される管を厚み方向に矩形波状に連通して波型形状に形成することで構成される受熱部と放熱部とが交互に配置される構造を有するヒートパイプと、受熱部に接合する受熱部材と、受熱部が接合する面と反対側の受熱部材の面に配置される発熱体とを備え、発熱体の配置、放熱部の構成、受熱部の構成および受熱部材の構成の内少なくともいずれか一つを変更して、ヒートパイプの長手方向に対する受熱部の温度分布を当該長手方向の中央部に対して非対称にすることで自励振動を発生させることを特徴とする。 In the self-excited vibration heat pipe cooling device according to the present invention, a heat receiving part and a heat radiating part formed by forming a corrugated shape by communicating a pipe that encloses and seals a working fluid in a rectangular wave shape in the thickness direction. A heat pipe having a structure in which the heat receiving portions are alternately arranged, a heat receiving member joined to the heat receiving portion, and a heating element arranged on the surface of the heat receiving member opposite to the surface to which the heat receiving portion is joined are provided. At least one of the configuration of the heat radiating portion, the configuration of the heat receiving portion, and the configuration of the heat receiving member is changed to make the temperature distribution of the heat receiving portion with respect to the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe asymmetric with respect to the central portion in the longitudinal direction. It is characterized by generating self-excited vibration.
　本発明によれば、ヒートパイプ内の液体スラグや蒸気プラグの初期分布が均一な場合であっても、自励振動を発生させることができ、始動性の優れた自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, a self-excited vibration heat pipe cooling device capable of generating self-excited vibration and having excellent startability even when the initial distribution of liquid slag and vapor plug in the heat pipe is uniform. Can be provided.
本発明の実施例１に係る自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置の構造を示す側面図である。It is a side view which shows the structure of the self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling apparatus which concerns on Example 1 of this invention. 本発明に係る実施例において採用する自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置の流路構造の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of the flow path structure of the self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling apparatus adopted in the Example which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る実施例において採用する自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置の流路構造の他の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows another example of the flow path structure of the self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling apparatus adopted in the Example which concerns on this invention. 図２または図３に示す自励振動ヒートパイプの断面構造を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the cross-sectional structure of the self-excited oscillating heat pipe shown in FIG. 2 or FIG. 計算に用いた自励振動ヒートパイプの概略図および初期の気液分布を示す図である。It is a schematic diagram of the self-excited oscillating heat pipe used for the calculation, and the figure which shows the initial gas-liquid distribution. 気液分布の時間変化の計算結果を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the calculation result of the time change of a gas-liquid distribution. 自励振動開始時での受熱部の温度分布を計算した結果を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the result of having calculated the temperature distribution of a heat receiving part at the start of self-excited vibration. ヒートパイプの中央部の左側から５番目と６番目の液体スラグ変位の時間変化の計算結果を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the calculation result of the time change of the 5th and 6th liquid slag displacement from the left side of the central part of a heat pipe. 本発明の実施例２に係る自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置の構造を示す側面図である。It is a side view which shows the structure of the self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling apparatus which concerns on Example 2 of this invention. 本発明の実施例３に係る自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置の構造を示す側面図である。It is a side view which shows the structure of the self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling apparatus which concerns on Example 3 of this invention. 本発明の実施例４に係る自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置の構造を示す側面図である。It is a side view which shows the structure of the self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling apparatus which concerns on Example 4 of this invention. 本発明の実施例５に係る自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置の構造を示す側面図である。It is a side view which shows the structure of the self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling apparatus which concerns on Example 5 of this invention. 本発明の実施例６に係る自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置の構造を示す側面図である。It is a side view which shows the structure of the self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling apparatus which concerns on Example 6 of this invention.
　以下、本発明を実施するための形態として、実施例１乃至６について、適宜図面を参照しながら説明する。なお、各図において共通する部分には同一の符号を付し、重複する説明を省略する。 Hereinafter, Examples 1 to 6 will be described as embodiments for carrying out the present invention with reference to the drawings as appropriate. In addition, the same reference numerals are given to common parts in each figure, and duplicate description is omitted.
　図１は、本発明の実施例１に係る自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置１００の構造を示す側面図である。
　自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置１００は、自励振動をするヒートパイプ１２、受熱部材１０および発熱体１１から構成される。発熱体１１は、このヒートパイプ１２の長手方向の中央部に対して非対称に配置されている。また、このヒートパイプ１２および受熱部材１０の材質としては、熱伝導性の良いアルミニウム合金や銅などの金属を用いる。 FIG. 1 is a side view showing the structure of the self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling device 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
The self-excited vibration heat pipe cooling device 100 is composed of a heat pipe 12, a heat receiving member 10, and a heating element 11 that vibrate by self-excitation. The heating element 11 is asymmetrically arranged with respect to the central portion of the heat pipe 12 in the longitudinal direction. Further, as the material of the heat pipe 12 and the heat receiving member 10, a metal such as an aluminum alloy or copper having good thermal conductivity is used.
　自励振動をするヒートパイプ１２は、その長手方向に亘って等間隔に複数回Ｕ字状に折り曲げられた形状となっている。ヒートパイプ１２の複数のＵ字状の折り曲げ部分の一方端が、受熱部材１０の一面とロウ付け等で接合され、ヒートパイプ１２に等間隔に複数の受熱部９を形成している。また、ヒートパイプ１２の受熱部９以外の等間隔の複数の部分は、空気１０１または１０２（紙面に対して両方向の風を示す）との熱交換を行う放熱部２０を形成している。また、折り曲げられたヒートパイプ１２どうしの間には、フィン１３がロウ付け等により固定され、ヒートパイプ１２とともに放熱部を形成している。 The heat pipe 12 that vibrates by itself has a shape that is bent into a U shape a plurality of times at equal intervals in the longitudinal direction thereof. One end of a plurality of U-shaped bent portions of the heat pipe 12 is joined to one surface of the heat receiving member 10 by brazing or the like, and a plurality of heat receiving portions 9 are formed on the heat pipe 12 at equal intervals. Further, a plurality of equidistant portions of the heat pipe 12 other than the heat receiving portions 9 form heat radiating portions 20 that exchange heat with air 101 or 102 (indicating wind in both directions with respect to the paper surface). Further, fins 13 are fixed between the bent heat pipes 12 by brazing or the like to form a heat radiating portion together with the heat pipes 12.
　発熱体１１は、ヒートパイプ１２の受熱部９が接合する受熱部材１０の面とは反対側の面に配置される。発熱体１１の配置位置は、ヒートパイプ１２の長手方向の中央部に対して非対称の位置として、一方の端部３側寄りである。その位置で発熱体１１は、グリース等の部材（図示せず）を介してねじ等（図示せず）により固定されている。ここにおいて、発熱体１１は、例えば、ＩＧＢＴやＭＯＳ－ＦＥＴなどのパワー半導体素子を備えたパワーモジュールである。 The heating element 11 is arranged on a surface opposite to the surface of the heat receiving member 10 to which the heat receiving portion 9 of the heat pipe 12 is joined. The arrangement position of the heating element 11 is a position asymmetrical with respect to the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe 12, and is closer to one end portion 3 side. At that position, the heating element 11 is fixed by a screw or the like (not shown) via a member (not shown) such as grease. Here, the heating element 11 is a power module including a power semiconductor element such as an IGBT or a MOS-FET, for example.
　図２および図３は、本発明が後述する実施例において採用する自励振動ヒートパイプの流路構造の一例を示す図である。また、図４は、図２または図３に示す自励振動ヒートパイプの断面構造として、例えば図２のＡ－Ａ断面を示す図である。 2 and 3 are diagrams showing an example of the flow path structure of the self-excited oscillating heat pipe adopted in the examples described later in the present invention. Further, FIG. 4 is a diagram showing, for example, the AA cross section of FIG. 2 as a cross-sectional structure of the self-excited oscillating heat pipe shown in FIG. 2 or FIG.
　図２および図３に示す自励振動ヒートパイプ１２は、多穴扁平管で構成している。構造としては、例えば、図２に示すように、平行並列に整列し、各列で相互に連通のない複数の流路により構成される場合と、図３に示すように、蛇行流路により構成される場合がある。また、本発明が採用する自励振動ヒートパイプを構成する管は、上記の多穴扁平管に限定されるものではなく、例えば図５に示すように、単一の円管による構成であってもよい。 The self-excited oscillating heat pipe 12 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 is composed of a multi-hole flat pipe. As the structure, for example, as shown in FIG. 2, it is arranged in parallel and parallel, and each row is composed of a plurality of flow paths that do not communicate with each other, and as shown in FIG. 3, it is composed of a meandering flow path. May be done. Further, the pipe constituting the self-excited oscillating heat pipe adopted in the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned multi-hole flat pipe, and is composed of a single circular pipe, for example, as shown in FIG. May be good.
　隣り合う流路１の間には、仕切り部２が設けられ、流路径および仕切り部の幅（流路間ピッチ）は、それぞれｍｍオーダーであって、流路長は、流路径に比べて十分に長い。 A partition 2 is provided between adjacent flow paths 1, the flow path diameter and the width of the partition (between flow paths pitch) are on the order of mm, and the flow path length is sufficient as compared with the flow path diameter. To long.
　また、自励振動ヒートパイプ１２の厚みは、図４に示すように、熱伝導性や加工容易性からｍｍオーダー程度に設定される。
　密閉された流路１内には、流路体積の半分の量の作動流体（図示せず）が封入されている。
　更に、自励振動ヒートパイプを波型に形成するに当たっては、多穴扁平管に対して曲げ工程を用いることなく、同じ長さを持つストレート形状の多穴扁平管を複数本厚み方向に並列に設置することによって構成してもよい。すなわち、複数本厚み方向に並列に設置した多穴扁平管の両端部それぞれを、多穴扁平管側にスリットを備えた端部封止部材のような部材を使用して固定し、このスリットにより多穴扁平管の両端それぞれにおいて隣接する多穴扁平管の端部同士を交互に連通させることにより、作動液の移動を可能にする。このようにして、流路が矩形波状に形成される（多穴扁平管の長手方向に沿って交互に折り返して延在する）密閉流路を持つ自励振動ヒートパイプを形成することができる。 Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the thickness of the self-excited oscillating heat pipe 12 is set to about mm order from the viewpoint of thermal conductivity and ease of processing.
A working fluid (not shown) in an amount of half the volume of the flow path is sealed in the closed flow path 1.
Furthermore, in forming the self-excited oscillating heat pipe into a wavy shape, a plurality of straight-shaped multi-hole flat pipes having the same length are arranged in parallel in the thickness direction without using a bending process for the multi-hole flat pipe. It may be configured by installing. That is, both ends of the multi-hole flat pipes installed in parallel in the thickness direction of a plurality of pipes are fixed by using a member such as an end sealing member having slits on the multi-hole flat pipe side, and the slits are used. The hydraulic fluid can be moved by alternately communicating the ends of the adjacent multi-hole flat pipes at both ends of the multi-hole flat pipe. In this way, it is possible to form a self-excited oscillating heat pipe having a closed flow path in which the flow path is formed in a rectangular wave shape (alternately folded and extends along the longitudinal direction of the multi-hole flat tube).
　次に、本発明に係る自励振動ヒートパイプが自励振動を開始するときの始動のメカニズムについて説明する。
　図５乃至図８は、本発明に係る自励振動ヒートパイプの始動性に関係する計算結果を示す図である。ここで、計算に用いた計算モデルは、非特許文献３による。 Next, a starting mechanism when the self-excited oscillating heat pipe according to the present invention starts self-excited vibration will be described.
5 to 8 are diagrams showing calculation results related to the startability of the self-excited oscillating heat pipe according to the present invention. Here, the calculation model used for the calculation is based on Non-Patent Document 3.
　図５は、計算に用いた自励振動ヒートパイプの概略図および初期の気液分布を示す図である。ここで、計算に用いた自励振動ヒートパイプは、内径１．０ｍｍ、外径１．６ｍｍの銅管で、１ターン長さ（ヒートパイプの隣り合うＵ字状の折り曲げ部間のヒートパイプ長手方向の距離）が２４０ｍｍ、ターン数が１０である。 FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the self-excited oscillating heat pipe used in the calculation and a diagram showing the initial gas-liquid distribution. Here, the self-excited vibration heat pipe used in the calculation is a copper pipe having an inner diameter of 1.0 mm and an outer diameter of 1.6 mm, and has a length of one turn (the length of the heat pipe between adjacent U-shaped bent portions of the heat pipe). The distance in the direction) is 240 mm, and the number of turns is 10.
　１ターン当りについて、受熱部は８ｍｍ、放熱部は２０４ｍｍ、その他は断熱部である。また、ヒートパイプ両端には５０ｍｍ延長した部分を設け、蒸気チャンバ部としている。計算については、片側断熱の無しと有りの両方のケースで行った。片側断熱としては、ヒートパイプの右側端部の冷却部を１３ｍｍ断熱している（図５で、ハッチングを付した部分）。 For each turn, the heat receiving part is 8 mm, the heat radiating part is 204 mm, and the others are heat insulating parts. Further, both ends of the heat pipe are provided with portions extended by 50 mm to form a steam chamber portion. The calculations were performed in both cases with and without one-sided insulation. As for one-sided heat insulation, the cooling part at the right end of the heat pipe is heat-insulated by 13 mm (the part with hatching in FIG. 5).
　ヒートパイプ内に封入する作動流体としては、Ｒ１３３６ｍｚｚ（Ｚ）を用い、封入率を０．５とした。ここで、Ｒ１３３６ｍｚｚ（Ｚ）は、規格に基づき、冷媒を示す冷媒番号に相当し、新冷媒の一つである。 R1336mzz (Z) was used as the working fluid to be sealed in the heat pipe, and the filling rate was set to 0.5. Here, R1336mzz (Z) corresponds to a refrigerant number indicating a refrigerant based on the standard, and is one of the new refrigerants.
　上記の計算では、１ターン当り、１個の液体スラグが存在すると仮定し、液体スラグの長さを１ターン長さの半分の１２０ｍｍとした。初期の液体スラグの分布としては、均等分布を仮定し、各ターンの放熱部側に、１個の液体スラグを対称に分布させた。 In the above calculation, it is assumed that there is one liquid slag per turn, and the length of the liquid slag is 120 mm, which is half the length of one turn. As the initial distribution of liquid slag, an even distribution was assumed, and one liquid slag was symmetrically distributed on the heat dissipation part side of each turn.
　受熱部の熱流束としては、１ターン当りのヒータ加熱量３Ｗに相当する値を与えた。放熱部の冷却温度は２０°Ｃ、熱伝達率は風速４ｍ／ｓｅｃの管外熱伝達率に相当する値を与えた。また、初期の蒸気プラグには、その周囲全体に厚さ５μｍの液膜が存在すると仮定した。ヒートパイプの初期温度は、冷却温度と同じとし、時間０ｓｅｃで加熱を開始した。 As the heat flux of the heat receiving part, a value corresponding to the heater heating amount of 3 W per turn was given. The cooling temperature of the heat radiating part was 20 ° C., and the heat transfer coefficient was given a value corresponding to the heat transfer coefficient outside the tube at a wind speed of 4 m / sec. Further, it was assumed that the initial vapor plug had a liquid film having a thickness of 5 μm all around the plug. The initial temperature of the heat pipe was the same as the cooling temperature, and heating was started at a time of 0 sec.
　図６は、（ａ）に示す片側断熱無しと、（ｂ）に示す片側断熱有りにおける、気液分布の時間変化を示す図である。図の縦軸は、ヒートパイプの原点（蒸気チャンバ部を除いた左側端部）からの距離、図の横軸は、加熱開始後の時間である。図に示す、黒い部分が液体スラグ、白い部分が蒸気プラグ、を表す。加熱開始後、（ａ）に示す片側断熱無しでは、振動は発生せず、（ｂ）に示す片側断熱有りでは、時間１６ｓｅｃ付近で振動が発生している。 FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the time change of gas-liquid distribution with and without one-sided heat insulation shown in (a) and with one-sided heat insulation shown in (b). The vertical axis of the figure is the distance from the origin of the heat pipe (the left end excluding the steam chamber portion), and the horizontal axis of the figure is the time after the start of heating. In the figure, the black part represents the liquid slag and the white part represents the vapor plug. After the start of heating, vibration does not occur without the one-sided heat insulation shown in (a), and vibration occurs in the vicinity of time 16 sec with the one-sided heat insulation shown in (b).
　図７は、（ａ）に示す片側断熱無しと、（ｂ）に示す片側断熱有りにおける、自励振動開始時（１６ｓｅｃ付近）での受熱部の温度分布を計算した結果を示す図である。（ａ）に示す片側断熱無しでは、受熱部の温度分布は均等であるが、（ｂ）に示す片側断熱有りでは、右側端部の受熱部の温度が他の部分の受熱部の温度より高くなっている。 FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the results of calculating the temperature distribution of the heat receiving portion at the start of self-excited vibration (around 16 sec) with and without one-sided heat insulation shown in (a) and with one-sided heat insulation shown in (b). Without the one-sided heat insulation shown in (a), the temperature distribution of the heat receiving part is uniform, but with the one-sided heat insulation shown in (b), the temperature of the heat receiving part at the right end is higher than the temperature of the heat receiving part of the other part. It has become.
　図８は、ヒートパイプの中央部の左側から５番目と６番目の液体スラグ変位として、２０ｓｅｃまでの時間変化の計算結果を示す図である。 FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the calculation results of the time change up to 20 sec as the fifth and sixth liquid slag displacements from the left side of the central portion of the heat pipe.
　（ａ）に示す片側断熱無しでは、時間９．６ｓｅｃ付近で５番目と６番目の液体スラグの変位は、ほぼ対称に－１ｍｍと＋１ｍｍを示し、その後、２ｍｍ程度の振幅の微小な振動が見られるが、大きな振動には至っていない。 Without the one-sided insulation shown in (a), the displacements of the 5th and 6th liquid slags showed almost symmetrically -1 mm and +1 mm at around 9.6 sec, and then minute vibrations with an amplitude of about 2 mm were observed. However, it has not reached a large vibration.
　ここで、５番目の液体スラグの変位が－１ｍｍ、６番目の液体スラグの変位が＋１ｍｍを示していることについて説明する。ヒートパイプ両端には蒸気チャンバ部があり、左端の１番目と右端の１１番目の蒸気プラグが他の蒸気プラグと同様に、液膜蒸発によって蒸気プラグの質量が増加しても、元々の体積が他の蒸気プラグより大きい。そのため、圧力上昇が小さく、液体スラグの両端に働く圧力差により、液体スラグがヒートパイプの中央から両端の方向に移動するためである。 Here, it will be explained that the displacement of the fifth liquid slag is -1 mm and the displacement of the sixth liquid slag is +1 mm. There are steam chambers at both ends of the heat pipe, and the first steam plug on the left end and the eleventh steam plug on the right end have the same original volume as other steam plugs, even if the mass of the steam plug increases due to liquid film evaporation. Larger than other steam plugs. Therefore, the pressure rise is small, and the liquid slag moves from the center of the heat pipe to both ends due to the pressure difference acting on both ends of the liquid slag.
　一方で、（ｂ）に示す片側断熱有りでは、時間１０．０ｓｅｃ付近で両方の液体スラグの変位は共に－３ｍｍとなっている。これは、右端の局所的な断熱により、１１番目の蒸気プラグの圧力が他より高くなり、液体スラグの両端に働く圧力差により、全ての液体スラグがヒートパイプの右端から左端の方向に移動するためである。 On the other hand, with the one-sided insulation shown in (b), the displacement of both liquid slags is -3 mm at around 10.0 sec. This is because the local insulation at the right end makes the pressure of the 11th steam plug higher than the others, and the pressure difference acting on both ends of the liquid slag causes all the liquid slag to move from the right end to the left end of the heat pipe. Because.
　時間１０．０ｓｅｃの後、液体スラグは３ｍｍ程度の正負の変位を２回繰り返した後、時間１２．７ｓｅｃから負の変位で振幅を少しずつ増加しながら振動する。その後、時間１５．７ｓｅｃ以降、５ｍｍ以上の大きな振幅で振動する。 After the time 10.0 sec, the liquid slag repeats positive and negative displacements of about 3 mm twice, and then vibrates while gradually increasing the amplitude with negative displacements from the time 12.7 sec. Then, after a time of 15.7 sec, it vibrates with a large amplitude of 5 mm or more.
　このように、液体スラグの変位に伴い、蒸気プラグも移動し、蒸気プラグでは、壁温との温度差により液膜において蒸発と凝縮とが行われる。これにより、蒸気プラグの質量が増減し、それに伴い蒸気プラグの圧力の上昇と下降とが起こる。液体スラグの時間１５．７ｓｅｃ以降の振動は、液体スラグの両端に働く圧力差の変動が大きくなることにより始まる。 In this way, the vapor plug moves with the displacement of the liquid slag, and in the vapor plug, evaporation and condensation are performed in the liquid film due to the temperature difference from the wall temperature. As a result, the mass of the steam plug increases or decreases, and the pressure of the steam plug rises and falls accordingly. The vibration after the liquid slag time of 15.7 sec starts when the fluctuation of the pressure difference acting on both ends of the liquid slag becomes large.
　以上により、片側断熱による自励振動の始動のメカニズムについてまとめる。
　ヒートパイプの片側端部を断熱することにより、加熱後、液体スラグが同一方向に移動し、液体スラグの変位が一方向に揃っている状態となる。この液体スラグの移動により、蒸気プラグでは、管壁との温度差により、液膜において蒸発と凝縮が行われる。これによって、蒸気プラグの質量が増減し、それに伴い圧力の上昇と下降とが起こる。従って、液体スラグの両端に働く圧力差が変動し微小な振動が発生する。 From the above, the mechanism of starting self-excited vibration by one-sided heat insulation is summarized.
By insulating one end of the heat pipe, the liquid slag moves in the same direction after heating, and the displacements of the liquid slag are aligned in one direction. Due to this movement of the liquid slag, the vapor plug evaporates and condenses in the liquid film due to the temperature difference from the tube wall. As a result, the mass of the steam plug increases or decreases, and the pressure rises and falls accordingly. Therefore, the pressure difference acting on both ends of the liquid slag fluctuates, and minute vibration is generated.
　この時、片側断熱有りでは、液体スラグの変位が一方向に揃っているため、各液体スラグの運動を打ち消し合うことなく、大きな振動に発展する。一方、片側断熱無しでは、振動しやすいヒートパイプの中央部で、液体スラグの変位が小さく、向きも逆向きのため、発生した微小な振動は打ち消し合い、大きな振動に発展しない。 At this time, with one-sided insulation, the displacements of the liquid slags are aligned in one direction, so the movements of the liquid slags do not cancel each other out and develop into large vibrations. On the other hand, without one-sided heat insulation, the displacement of the liquid slag is small at the center of the heat pipe, which easily vibrates, and the directions are opposite, so the generated minute vibrations cancel each other out and do not develop into large vibrations.
　本発明は、上記の計算結果を応用したものである。すなわち、本発明に係る自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置は、図７の（ｂ）に示すように、ヒートパイプの長手方向に対する受熱部の温度分布が、片側端部で他に比べて高くなる。すなわち、ヒートパイプの長手方向の中央部に対して非対称となる特性を有することで、優れた始動性を示すことになる。 The present invention is an application of the above calculation results. That is, in the self-excited vibration heat pipe cooling device according to the present invention, as shown in FIG. 7B, the temperature distribution of the heat receiving portion with respect to the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe is higher at one end than at the other end. That is, by having a characteristic of being asymmetric with respect to the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe, excellent startability is exhibited.
　本実施例１は、ヒートパイプの長手方向に対する受熱部の温度分布がヒートパイプ１２の長手方向の中央部に対して非対称となる特性を持たせるために、発熱体１１をヒートパイプ１２の長手方向の中央部に対して非対称に配置している。 In the first embodiment, the heating element 11 is mounted in the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe 12 in order to have a characteristic that the temperature distribution of the heat receiving portion with respect to the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe is asymmetric with respect to the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe 12. It is arranged asymmetrically with respect to the central part of.
　図５乃至図８に示したとおり、計算では、ヒートパイプとして単一の円管の１つの流路を用いたが、図２に示す多穴扁平管の複数の流路でも同じ効果が得られる。 As shown in FIGS. 5 to 8, in the calculation, one flow path of a single circular pipe was used as the heat pipe, but the same effect can be obtained with a plurality of flow paths of the multi-hole flat pipe shown in FIG. ..
　一方、図３に示す蛇行流路では、扁平管端部におけるターン部の流動抵抗が大きく、扁平管の端部で作動流体が動作しづらいため、液体スラグの振動は、扁平管端部のターン部を除いた部分で主に発生する。 On the other hand, in the meandering flow path shown in FIG. 3, the flow resistance of the turn portion at the end of the flat tube is large, and it is difficult for the working fluid to move at the end of the flat tube. Therefore, the vibration of the liquid slag is caused by the turn of the end of the flat tube. It mainly occurs in the part excluding the part.
　したがって、本実施例１は、円管や複数流路と同様に、ヒートパイプの長手方向に対する受熱部の温度分布が、ヒートパイプの長手方向の中央部に対して非対称となる特性を持たせる。これにより、加熱開始後、液体スラグが一方向に移動し、振動しやすい管中央部で液体スラグの変位が一方向に揃い、各液体スラグの運動を打ち消し合うことなく、発生した小さな振動が大きな振動に発展して自励振動が発生する。 Therefore, the first embodiment has a characteristic that the temperature distribution of the heat receiving portion with respect to the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe is asymmetric with respect to the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe, as in the case of the circular pipe and the plurality of flow paths. As a result, after the start of heating, the liquid slag moves in one direction, the displacement of the liquid slag is aligned in one direction at the center of the tube, which is prone to vibration, and the small vibration generated is large without canceling the movement of each liquid slag. It develops into vibration and self-excited vibration is generated.
　次に、本発明の実施例２～５の構成および効果等について示す。その際に、実施例２～５においては、実施例１と異なる部分を説明し、実施例１と重複する部分の説明を省略する。 Next, the configurations and effects of Examples 2 to 5 of the present invention will be shown. At that time, in Examples 2 to 5, the parts different from those in the first embodiment will be described, and the description of the parts overlapping with the first embodiment will be omitted.
　図９は、本発明の実施例２に係る自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置１００ａの構造を示す側面図である。
　実施例２に係る自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置１００ａは、複数個の発熱体１１ａをヒートパイプ１２の長手方向の中央部に対して非対称に配置するものである。図９では、２個の発熱体１１ａを配置した場合を示している。 FIG. 9 is a side view showing the structure of the self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling device 100a according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
In the self-excited vibration heat pipe cooling device 100a according to the second embodiment, a plurality of heating elements 11a are arranged asymmetrically with respect to the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe 12. FIG. 9 shows a case where two heating elements 11a are arranged.
　このように、実施例２においても、先の実施例１と同様に、ヒートパイプの長手方向に対する受熱部９の温度分布が、片側端部で高く、ヒートパイプ１２の長手方向の中央部に対して非対称となる特性を持つため、自励振動が発生し始動性に優れる。 As described above, also in the second embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the temperature distribution of the heat receiving portion 9 with respect to the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe is high at one end and with respect to the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe 12. Since it has the characteristic of being asymmetrical, self-excited vibration is generated and it is excellent in startability.
　図１０は、本発明の実施例３に係る自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置１００ｂの構造を示す側面図である。
　実施例３に係る自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置１００ｂは、ヒートパイプ１２の長手方向の一方の端部３に最も近いフィン１３ａの枚数を他より少なくしたものである。これにより、片側端部での放熱が抑えられ片側端部の温度が高くなる。 FIG. 10 is a side view showing the structure of the self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling device 100b according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
The self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling device 100b according to the third embodiment has a smaller number of fins 13a closest to one end 3 in the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe 12. As a result, heat dissipation at one end is suppressed and the temperature at one end rises.
　このように、実施例３においても、ヒートパイプの長手方向に対する受熱部９の温度分布が、ヒートパイプ１２の長手方向の中央部に対して非対称となる特性を持つため、自励振動が発生し始動性に優れる。 As described above, also in the third embodiment, the temperature distribution of the heat receiving portion 9 with respect to the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe has a characteristic of being asymmetrical with respect to the central portion of the heat pipe 12 in the longitudinal direction, so that self-excited vibration occurs. Excellent startability.
　図１１は、本発明の実施例４に係る自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置１００ｃの構造を示す側面図である。
　実施例４に係る自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置１００ｃは、ヒートパイプ１２の長手方向の一方の端部３に最も近いヒートパプ１２の放熱部２０の一部に断熱部材１４を設けたものである。これにより、片側端部での放熱が抑えられ片側端部の温度が高くなる。 FIG. 11 is a side view showing the structure of the self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling device 100c according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
The self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling device 100c according to the fourth embodiment is provided with a heat insulating member 14 in a part of the heat radiating portion 20 of the heat pap 12 closest to one end 3 in the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe 12. As a result, heat dissipation at one end is suppressed and the temperature at one end rises.
　ここで、放熱部２０の一部に断熱部材１４を設けるための手法は、限定されるものではない。例えば、図１１では、断熱部材１４を放熱部２０の一部に貼り付ける手法を用いたものである。
　このように、実施例４においても、ヒートパイプの長手方向に対する受熱部９の温度分布が、ヒートパイプ１２の長手方向の中央部に対して非対称となる特性を持つため、自励振動が発生し始動性に優れる。 Here, the method for providing the heat insulating member 14 in a part of the heat radiating portion 20 is not limited. For example, in FIG. 11, a method of attaching the heat insulating member 14 to a part of the heat radiating portion 20 is used.
As described above, also in the fourth embodiment, since the temperature distribution of the heat receiving portion 9 with respect to the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe has a characteristic of being asymmetrical with respect to the central portion of the heat pipe 12 in the longitudinal direction, self-excited vibration occurs. Excellent startability.
　図１２は、本発明の実施例５に係る自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置１００ｄの構造を示す側面図である。
　実施例５に係る自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置１００ｄは、ヒートパイプ１２の一方の端部３側の受熱部材１０ａの端部の長さを短くして、ヒートパイプ１２の長手方向の両端部それぞれに対応する受熱部材１０ａの両端部それぞれの長さが異なるものである。これにより、片側端部での熱抵抗が増加し片側端部の温度が高くなる。 FIG. 12 is a side view showing the structure of the self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling device 100d according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
In the self-excited vibration heat pipe cooling device 100d according to the fifth embodiment, the length of the end portion of the heat receiving member 10a on the one end portion 3 side of the heat pipe 12 is shortened, and both ends of the heat pipe 12 in the longitudinal direction are respectively shortened. The lengths of both ends of the heat receiving member 10a corresponding to the above are different. As a result, the thermal resistance at one end increases and the temperature at one end rises.
　このように、実施例５においても、ヒートパイプの長手方向に対する受熱部９の温度分布が、ヒートパイプ１２の長手方向の中央部に対して非対称となる特性を持つため、自励振動が発生し始動性に優れる。 As described above, also in the fifth embodiment, since the temperature distribution of the heat receiving portion 9 with respect to the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe has a characteristic of being asymmetrical with respect to the central portion of the heat pipe 12 in the longitudinal direction, self-excited vibration occurs. Excellent startability.
　図１３は、本発明の実施例６に係る自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置１００ｅの構造を示す側面図である。
　実施例６に係る自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置１００ｅは、ヒートパイプ１２の長手方向の一方の端部３に位置する受熱部の面積を、他の受熱部より広くしたものである。これにより、片側端部での受熱量が増加し温度が高くなる。 FIG. 13 is a side view showing the structure of the self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling device 100e according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
In the self-excited vibration heat pipe cooling device 100e according to the sixth embodiment, the area of the heat receiving portion located at one end 3 in the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe 12 is made wider than that of the other heat receiving portions. As a result, the amount of heat received at one end increases and the temperature rises.
　ここで、上記した受熱部の面積を広くするための手法は、限定されるものではない。例えば、図１３では、ヒートパイプ１２の長手方向の一方の端部３の受熱部９ｂに、受熱部材１０に設けた突起部１０ｂをロウ付け等で接合することにより、一方の端部３の受熱面積を増加させている。 Here, the method for increasing the area of the heat receiving portion described above is not limited. For example, in FIG. 13, the heat receiving portion 9b of one end portion 3 in the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe 12 is joined to the heat receiving portion 10b provided on the heat receiving member 10 by brazing or the like to receive heat of the one end portion 3. The area is increasing.
　このように、実施例５においても、ヒートパイプの長手方向に対する受熱部９の温度分布が、ヒートパイプ１２の長手方向の中央部に対して非対称となる特性を持つため、自励振動が発生し始動性に優れる。 As described above, also in the fifth embodiment, since the temperature distribution of the heat receiving portion 9 with respect to the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe has a characteristic of being asymmetrical with respect to the central portion of the heat pipe 12 in the longitudinal direction, self-excited vibration occurs. Excellent startability.
　さらに、実施例１～６として説明した自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置１００、１００ａ、１００ｂ、１００ｃ、１００ｄおよび１００ｅは、鉄道車両が搭載する駆動用のパワーモジュール（ＩＧＢＴやＭＯＳ－ＦＥＴなどのパワー半導体素子を備えたパワーモジュール）の冷却用として好適である。 Further, the self-excited vibration heat pipe cooling devices 100, 100a, 100b, 100c, 100d and 100e described as Examples 1 to 6 are power modules for driving mounted on a railway vehicle (power semiconductors such as IGBTs and MOS-FETs). It is suitable for cooling power modules equipped with elements.
　例えば、このパワーモジュールを発熱体１１として受熱部材１０に実装した自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置１００、１００ａ～１００ｅを、鉄道車両の床下に搭載する。これにより、多種類の機器を搭載する鉄道車両の床下にあっても、パワーモジュール用の冷却装置としてコンパクトに装備することが可能となる。 For example, self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling devices 100, 100a to 100e, in which this power module is mounted on a heat receiving member 10 as a heating element 11, are mounted under the floor of a railroad vehicle. As a result, even under the floor of a railroad vehicle equipped with various types of equipment, it can be compactly equipped as a cooling device for a power module.
１　密閉流路、２　仕切り部、３　ヒートパイプの一方の端部、
９，９ｂ　受熱部、１０　受熱部材、１０ｂ　突起、
１１，１１ａ　発熱体、１２　自励振動ヒートパイプ、
１３，１３ａ　フィン、１４　断熱部材、２０　放熱部、
１００，１００ａ～１００ｅ　自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置 1 Closed flow path, 2 Partition, 3 One end of heat pipe,
9,9b heat receiving part, 10 heat receiving member, 10b protrusion,
11, 11a heating element, 12 self-excited oscillating heat pipe,
13, 13a fins, 14 heat insulating members, 20 heat radiating parts,
100,100a-100e Self-excited vibration heat pipe cooling device

Claims (12)

  1. 　作動流体を封入し密閉される管を厚み方向に矩形波状に連通して波型形状に形成することで構成される受熱部と放熱部とが交互に配置される構造を有するヒートパイプと、
    　前記受熱部に接合する受熱部材と、
    　前記受熱部が接合する面と反対側の前記受熱部材の面に配置される発熱体と
    を備え、
    　前記ヒートパイプに対して、前記発熱体の配置、前記放熱部の構成、前記受熱部の構成および前記受熱部材の構成の内少なくともいずれか一つを変更して、前記ヒートパイプの長手方向に対する前記受熱部の温度分布を当該長手方向の中央部に対して非対称にすることで自励振動が発生する
    ことを特徴とする自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置。     A heat pipe having a structure in which heat receiving parts and heat radiating parts are alternately arranged, which is formed by communicating a pipe that encloses and seals a working fluid in a rectangular wave shape in the thickness direction to form a corrugated shape.
    A heat receiving member to be joined to the heat receiving portion and
    A heating element arranged on the surface of the heat receiving member on the opposite side of the surface to which the heat receiving portion is joined is provided.
    At least one of the arrangement of the heating element, the configuration of the heat radiating portion, the configuration of the heat receiving portion, and the configuration of the heat receiving member is changed with respect to the heat pipe, and the heat pipe is described in the longitudinal direction. A self-excited vibration heat pipe cooling device characterized in that self-excited vibration is generated by making the temperature distribution of the heat receiving portion asymmetric with respect to the central portion in the longitudinal direction.
  2. 　請求項１に記載の自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置であって、
    　前記ヒートパイプの前記波型形状は、前記管を自らの長手方向に前記矩形波状に複数回曲げることで形成される
    ことを特徴とする自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置。     The self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling device according to claim 1.
    A self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling device, wherein the corrugated shape of the heat pipe is formed by bending the pipe a plurality of times in the rectangular wavy shape in its longitudinal direction.
  3. 　請求項１に記載の自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置において、
    　前記ヒートパイプの前記波型形状は、前記管を複数本厚み方向に並列に設置し当該管の隣接する両端部それぞれを交互に前記矩形波状に連通することで形成される
    ことを特徴とする自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置。     In the self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling device according to claim 1.
    The corrugated shape of the heat pipe is characterized in that a plurality of the pipes are installed in parallel in the thickness direction and the adjacent both ends of the pipe are alternately communicated in the rectangular wave shape. Excited vibration heat pipe cooling device.
  4. 　請求項１～３のいずれか１項に記載の自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置であって、
    　前記受熱部材における前記発熱体の配置が、前記ヒートパイプの長手方向の中央部に対して非対称である
    ことを特徴とする自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置。     The self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling device according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
    A self-excited vibration heat pipe cooling device characterized in that the arrangement of the heating element in the heat receiving member is asymmetric with respect to the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe.
  5. 　請求項４に記載の自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置であって、
    　複数の前記発熱体による前記配置が、前記非対称である
    ことを特徴とする自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置。     The self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling device according to claim 4.
    A self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling device, characterized in that the arrangement of the plurality of heating elements is asymmetric.
  6. 　請求項１～３のいずれか１項に記載の自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置であって、
    　全ての前記放熱部は、隣り合う前記放熱部の間に設置されるフィンを有し、
    　前記ヒートパイプの長手方向の一方の端部に最も近い位置に設置される前記フィンの枚数が、他の位置に設置される前記フィンの枚数より少ない
    ことを特徴とする自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置。     The self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling device according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
    All the heat radiating parts have fins installed between the adjacent heat radiating parts.
    A self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling device characterized in that the number of fins installed at a position closest to one end in the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe is smaller than the number of fins installed at other positions. ..
  7. 　請求項１～３のいずれか１項に記載の自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置であって、
    　前記ヒートパイプの長手方向の一方の端部に最も近い前記放熱部に断熱部材を設ける
    ことを特徴とする自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置。     The self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling device according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
    A self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling device characterized in that a heat insulating member is provided in the heat radiating portion closest to one end in the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe.
  8. 　請求項１～３のいずれか１項に記載の自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置であって、
    　前記ヒートパイプの長手方向の両端部それぞれに対応する前記受熱部材の両端部それぞれの長さが異なる
    ことを特徴とする自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置。     The self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling device according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
    A self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling device characterized in that the lengths of both ends of the heat receiving member corresponding to both ends of the heat pipe in the longitudinal direction are different.
  9. 　請求項１～３のいずれか１項に記載の自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置であって、
    　前記ヒートパイプの長手方向の一方の端部に最も近い前記受熱部の面積が他の前記受熱部の面積より広い
    ことを特徴とする自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置。     The self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling device according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
    A self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling device, characterized in that the area of the heat receiving portion closest to one end in the longitudinal direction of the heat pipe is larger than the area of the other heat receiving portion.
  10. 　請求項１～９のいずれか１項に記載の自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置であって、
    　前記管は多穴扁平管である
    ことを特徴とする自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置。     The self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling device according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
    A self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling device, wherein the pipe is a multi-hole flat pipe.
  11. 　請求項１～１０のいずれか１項に記載の自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置であって、
    　前記発熱体は、パワー半導体素子を備えたパワーモジュールである
    ことを特徴とする自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置。     The self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling device according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
    The heating element is a self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling device, characterized in that it is a power module including a power semiconductor element.
  12. 　請求項１１に記載の自励振動ヒートパイプ冷却装置を搭載した鉄道車両。 A railway vehicle equipped with the self-excited oscillating heat pipe cooling device according to claim 11.
PCT/JP2020/011670 2019-05-08 2020-03-17 Self-excited vibration heat pipe cooling device, and railway vehicle on which cooling device is mounted WO2020225981A1 (en)

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