WO2020224279A1 - 一种利用有机溶剂制备透明木材的方法及其制备的透明木材和应用 - Google Patents

一种利用有机溶剂制备透明木材的方法及其制备的透明木材和应用 Download PDF

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WO2020224279A1
WO2020224279A1 PCT/CN2019/129646 CN2019129646W WO2020224279A1 WO 2020224279 A1 WO2020224279 A1 WO 2020224279A1 CN 2019129646 W CN2019129646 W CN 2019129646W WO 2020224279 A1 WO2020224279 A1 WO 2020224279A1
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Prior art keywords
wood
transparent wood
transparent
sample
lignin
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PCT/CN2019/129646
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李静
丁明其
廖昌吕
张辉
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浙江景兴纸业股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2020224279A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020224279A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/34—Organic impregnating agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/34—Organic impregnating agents
    • B27K3/50—Mixtures of different organic impregnating agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
    • B27K5/001—Heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
    • B27K5/003—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00 by using electromagnetic radiation or mechanical waves
    • B27K5/0065—Ultrasonic treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
    • B27K5/02—Staining or dyeing wood; Bleaching wood

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of new wood technology development and modification, and specifically relates to a method for preparing transparent wood by using organic solvents, and transparent wood prepared therefrom and applications.
  • Transparent wood Due to the energy and environmental crisis, the use of recycled materials to build environmentally friendly and energy-saving buildings has become a research focus in recent years.
  • Transparent wood has the advantages of recyclability, low density, high light transmittance, low heat transfer, strong shock resistance, etc., and has great potential in the preparation of light transmittance building materials.
  • delignification is the key.
  • most of the methods used sodium hypochlorite, sodium chlorite, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfite and hydrogen peroxide to remove or modify the chromophore by oxidation, so as to achieve the process of delignification.
  • the above methods may have the problem of odor generation, such as methyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulfide, and hydrogen sulfide, or toxic substances such as dioxins may be formed in the waste liquid, or the decomposition efficiency of hydrogen peroxide is high , Making the delignification efficiency low.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing transparent wood using organic solvents, and the transparent wood prepared therefrom and applications.
  • the invention is based on the principle of organic solvent pulping and adopts low-temperature ethanol delignification to prepare transparent wood. This method can not only retain the complete original structure of the wood, but the removed lignin is closer to the original lignin, and has great potential for high-value utilization. In addition, ethanol can be fully recovered by distillation, which can greatly reduce costs.
  • the invention will provide a solid theoretical basis for the preparation of recyclable light-transmitting wood-based materials, and provide a strong feasibility guarantee for its industrial implementation.
  • a method for preparing transparent wood using an organic solvent specifically includes the following steps:
  • step (2) Put the dried veneer sample in step (1) in an ethanol aqueous solution, heat it to 85 ⁇ 95°C for extraction and cooking until all lignin is dissolved, then take the veneer sample out and use ethanol aqueous solution at 85 ⁇ 95°C Rinse several times;
  • step (3) Put the washed veneer sample in step (2) in the bleaching solution, then heat the bleaching solution to boiling and bleach the sample at a constant temperature until the sample is no obvious yellow. Take the sample out and rinse it with deionized water several times. Get the delignification template;
  • step (3) Put the polymer matrix, curing agent, and the delignification template obtained in step (3) together in an ultrasonic processor for ultrasonic treatment so that the composite material matrix can fully enter the holes and gaps of the wood chip to obtain the Transparent wood.
  • the thin wood sample in step (1) is preferably eucalyptus with a density of 450-650 kg/m 3 .
  • the volume fraction of ethanol in the ethanol aqueous solution in step (2) is 50-70%.
  • the extraction and cooking time in step (2) is 24 to 72 hours.
  • the bleaching solution in step (3) is preferably hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is preferably 1 to 5 mol/L, more preferably 2.5 mol/L.
  • the ultrasonic treatment time in step (4) is 2 to 3 hours.
  • the polymer matrix in step (4) is any one of epoxy resin and methyl methacrylate.
  • the curing agent may be dicyandiamide, adipic acid dihydrazide, phthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic dianhydride, phenone tetrahydroxy acid trianhydride,
  • the mass ratio of the polymer matrix to the curing agent is (1-2):1.
  • the second object of the present invention is to provide transparent wood prepared by the above-mentioned method for preparing transparent wood using organic solvents.
  • the third object of the present invention is to provide the application of the transparent wood produced by the above-mentioned method in light-transmitting buildings and transparent solar cell windows.
  • a light-transmitting building or transparent solar cell window includes the transparent wood prepared by the above-mentioned method.
  • the transparent wood prepared by the present invention has higher optical transmittance
  • the present invention uses ethanol to dissolve lignin at low temperature, not only can retain the original wood structure, the removed lignin is closer to the original lignin, and can be utilized with high added value;
  • the eucalyptus used in the present invention is a strategic tree species in my country, which has the advantages of fast growth, high yield, uniform material, good strength, high rigidity, and high density, which can fill the research of transparent wood preparation from eucalyptus at home and abroad blank space.
  • the eucalyptus wood chips are preferably cut into small wood chips of similar size, and the eucalyptus wood chips are extracted and cooked for different times in aqueous solutions of different ethanol concentrations at different temperatures. Complete the dissolution of lignin according to the experimental process conditions, and then repeatedly rinse the wood chips in hot ethanol water solution for several times. After removing most of the chemicals, put the wood in the bleaching solution and control the water temperature to make it boil. Stir once every hour, and add bleach appropriately during the period. When the sample has no obvious yellow color, remove the sample and wash it with warm water two to three times, and finally fill the wood holes and voids to obtain a light-transmitting wood-based material. It is analyzed by infrared spectrum and scanning electron microscope.
  • the refractive index of lignin is 1.61, while the refractive index of cellulose (refractive index of 1.53) and hemicellulose (refractive index of 1.53) is relatively low. After removing lignin, the refractive index of cell wall components can almost reach 1.53; in order to further reduce For light scattering and reducing nanoporosity, polymers with matching refractive index can be injected to adjust the optical interface.
  • Epoxy resin, methyl methacrylate, etc. can form polymer substances with inorganic nanoparticles, so they are often used as a matrix of composite materials; due to the arrangement of the oriented cellulose nanofibers on the cell wall and the synergy between it and the polymer, Therefore, the mechanical properties (high strength and elastic modulus) shown are better than before, and the layered structure of the transparent wood structure is well preserved.
  • This material is light in weight and low in cost, and can be widely used in transparent buildings and transparent solar cells. Windows and other aspects.
  • a method for preparing transparent wood by using an organic solvent specifically includes the following steps:
  • step (3) Put the veneer sample washed in step (2) in a bleaching solution with a concentration of 2.5mol/L, control the water temperature to make it boil, and stir it every half an hour, during which time the bleaching agent will be supplemented appropriately to obtain the removal of lignin sample.
  • step (3) Put the epoxy resin, adipic acid dihydrazide (curing agent), and the lignin sample obtained in step (3) together in the ultrasonic processor, and perform 2.5 h is filled to obtain a translucent wood-based material, wherein: the mass ratio of the epoxy resin to the curing agent is 1.5:1.
  • the transparent wood prepared in this example has a higher light transmittance of 72%, and the light transmittance did not decrease after aging at 105° C. for 24 hours.
  • a method for preparing transparent wood by using an organic solvent specifically includes the following steps:
  • step (3) Put the veneer sample washed in step (2) in a bleaching solution with a concentration of 2.5 mol/L, control the water temperature to make it boil, and stir it every half an hour, during which time the bleaching agent will be supplemented appropriately.
  • step (3) Put the epoxy resin, dicyandiamide (curing agent), and the lignin-removed sample obtained in step (3) together in the ultrasonic processor, and fill the wood holes and voids under the action of ultrasonic for 2.5h, The transparent wood-based material is obtained, wherein the mass ratio of the epoxy resin to the curing agent is 1.5:1.
  • the transparent wood prepared in this example has a higher light transmittance of 75%, and the light transmittance did not decrease after aging at 105° C. for 24 hours.
  • a method for preparing transparent wood by using an organic solvent specifically includes the following steps:
  • step (3) Put the veneer sample washed in step (2) in a bleaching solution with a concentration of 2.5 mol/L, control the water temperature to make it boil, and stir it every half an hour, during which time the bleaching agent will be supplemented appropriately.
  • step (3) Put the epoxy resin, maleic anhydride (curing agent), and the lignin-removed sample obtained in step (3) together in the ultrasonic processor, and perform 2.5h on the wood holes and voids under the action of ultrasonic Filling to obtain a translucent wood-based material, wherein: the mass ratio of the epoxy resin to the curing agent is 2:1.
  • the transparent wood prepared in this example has a large absorption peak at 1450 cm -1 , so it is inferred that the peak of eucalyptus lignin is 1450 cm -1 ; the lignin is removed from the image obtained by the electron microscope at this purification time The voids are the most and the lignin removal effect is very obvious. The lignin removal is complete and the filling effect is the best.
  • the transparent wood prepared in this example has a high light transmittance of 77%, and the light transmittance did not decrease after aging at 105° C. for 24 hours.
  • a method for preparing transparent wood by using an organic solvent specifically includes the following steps:
  • step (3) Put the veneer sample washed in step (2) in a bleaching solution with a concentration of 2mol/L, control the temperature of the water to make it boil, and stir it every half an hour, during which time the bleaching agent will be added appropriately.
  • step (3) Put the epoxy resin, pyromellitic dianhydride (curing agent), and the lignin-removed sample obtained in step (3) together in an ultrasonic processor, and perform 3 hours on wood holes and voids under the action of ultrasonic waves. Filling to obtain a translucent wood-based material, wherein: the mass ratio of the epoxy resin to the curing agent is 1.5:1.
  • the transparent wood prepared in this example has a relatively high light transmittance of 80%, and the light transmittance did not decrease after aging at 105°C for 36 hours.
  • a method for preparing transparent wood by using an organic solvent specifically includes the following steps:
  • step (3) Put the veneer sample washed in step (2) in a bleaching solution with a concentration of 3 mol/L, control the water temperature to make it boil, and stir it every half an hour, during which time the bleaching agent will be added appropriately.
  • step (3) Put the epoxy resin, dicyandiamide (curing agent), and the lignin sample obtained in step (3) together in the ultrasonic processor, and fill the wood holes and voids under the action of ultrasonic for 3 hours to obtain The translucent wood-based material, wherein: the mass ratio of the epoxy resin to the curing agent is 1:1.
  • the transparent wood prepared in this example has a relatively high light transmittance of 85%, and the light transmittance did not decrease after aging at 105°C for 72 hours.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种利用有机溶剂制备透明木材的方法及其制备的透明木材和应用。制备具体步骤如下：先将薄木样品在105±5℃下干燥，然后置于乙醇水溶液中，在85～95℃条件下对干燥好的薄木样品进行抽提后用乙醇水溶液冲洗；再利用过氧化氢水溶液进行保留式漂白；最后利用聚合物基质对木材孔洞及空隙进行填充，得到透光性木基材料。利用乙醇低温溶解木素，可以保留完整的木材原始结构，脱除的木素更接近原始木素，且制得的透明木材具有较高的光学透过率。使用无氯法脱木素，绿色环保，且乙醇可通过蒸馏方式全部回收，降低了成本。制得的透明木材可应用于透光建筑物和透明太阳能电池窗户。

Description

一种利用有机溶剂制备透明木材的方法及其制备的透明木材和应用 技术领域
本发明属于新型木材技术开发及改性领域，具体涉及一种利用有机溶剂制备透明木材的方法及其制备的透明木材和应用。
背景技术
由于能源及环境危机，利用可循环材料来建造环境友好型，能源节约型的建筑成为近年来的研究热点。透明木材具备可循环利用，密度低，高透光性，低传热性，强抗震性等优点，在制备透光性建筑材料方面具有非常大的潜力。
在制备透明木材的过程中，脱木素是关键。目前的报道中，多是采用次氯酸钠，亚氯酸钠，氢氧化钠，亚硫酸钠及过氧化氢的方法进行氧化式脱除或改性发色基团，从而实现脱木素过程。然而以上方法中或存在产生臭气的问题，如甲硫醇，二甲基硫醚，及硫化氢等，或废液中可形成有毒物质，如二噁英等，或过氧化氢分解效率高，使得脱木素效率低。
基于上述理由，特提出本申请。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术存在的问题和缺陷，本发明的目的在于提供一种利用有机溶剂制备透明木材的方法及其制备的透明木材和应用。本发明基于有机溶剂制浆的原理，采用低温乙醇法脱木素制备透明木材，此方法不但可以保留完整的木材原始结构，脱除的木素更接近原始木素，高值化利用潜力大，而且乙醇可通过蒸馏方式全部回收，可大大降低成本。本发明将对可循环利用的透光性木基材料的制备提供坚实的理论基础，并对其工业化实施提供强大的可行性保障。
为了实现本发明的上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种利用有机溶剂制备透明木材的方法，所述方法具体包括如下步骤：
(1)将薄木样品在100～110℃条件下干燥24～48h；
(2)将步骤(1)干燥后的薄木样品置于乙醇水溶液中，加热至85～95℃抽提蒸煮至木素全部溶出，然后将薄木样品取出，在85～95℃条件下用乙醇水溶液冲洗数次；
(3)将步骤(2)所述冲洗后的薄木样品置于漂白液中，然后将漂白液加热至沸腾后恒温漂白至样品无明显黄色，将样品取出，再用去离子水冲洗数次，得到脱木素模板；
(4)将聚合物基质、固化剂和步骤(3)获得的脱木素模板一并置于超声波处理器 中进行超声处理使所述复合材料基质充分进入木片的孔洞及空隙中，得到所述透明木材。
进一步地，上述技术方案，步骤(1)所述薄木样品优选为密度为450～650kg/m 3的桉木。
进一步地，上述技术方案，步骤(2)所述乙醇水溶液中乙醇的体积分数为50～70％。
进一步地，上述技术方案，步骤(2)所述抽提蒸煮的时间为24～72h。
进一步地，上述技术方案，步骤(3)所述漂白液优选为双氧水(H 2O 2)，所述双氧水的浓度优选为1～5mol/L，更优选为2.5mol/L。
进一步地，上述技术方案，步骤(4)所述超声处理时间为2～3h。
进一步地，上述技术方案，步骤(4)所述聚合物基质为环氧树脂、甲基丙烯酸甲酯中的任一种。
优选地，上述技术方案，所述固化剂可以为双氰胺、己二酸二酰肼、邻苯二甲酸酐、偏苯三甲酸酐、均苯四甲酸二酐、苯酮四羟酸三酐、顺丁烯二酸酐等中的任一种，所述聚合物基质与固化剂的质量比为(1～2)：1。
本发明的第二个目的在于提供上述所述利用有机溶剂制备透明木材的方法制备得到的透明木材。
本发明的第三个目的在于提供上述所述方法制得的透明木材在透光建筑物和透明太阳能电池窗户等中的应用。
一种透光建筑物或透明太阳能电池窗户，包括上述所述方法制得的透明木材。
与现有技术相比，本发明涉及的一种利用有机溶剂制备透明木材的方法及其制备的透明木材和应用具有如下有益效果：
1)本发明制得的透明木材具有较高的光学透过率；
2)本发明利用乙醇低温溶解木素，不但可以保留完整的木材原始结构，脱除的木素更接近原始木素，可进行高附加值利用；
3)使用无氯法脱木素，绿色环保，且乙醇可通过蒸馏方式全部回收，降低了成本；
4)原料创新：本发明结合国情，优选使用的桉木为我国战略树种，生长速度快，产量高，材质均一，强度好，刚度大，密度高等优点，可填补国内外桉木制备透明木材研究的空白。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施案例和附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。本实施案例在以本发明技术 为前提下进行实施，现给出详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程来说明本发明具有创造性，但本发明的保护范围不限于以下的实施案例。
根据本申请包含的信息，对于本领域技术人员来说可以轻而易举地对本发明的精确描述进行各种改变，而不会偏离所附权利要求的精神和范围。应该理解，本发明的范围不局限于所限定的过程、性质或组分，因为这些实施方案以及其他的描述仅仅是为了示意性说明本发明的特定方面。实际上，本领域或相关领域的技术人员明显能够对本发明实施方式作出的各种改变都涵盖在所附权利要求的范围内。
为了更好地理解本发明而不是限制本发明的范围，在本申请中所用的表示用量、百分比的所有数字、以及其他数值，在所有情况下都应理解为以词语“大约”所修饰。因此，除非特别说明，否则在说明书和所附权利要求书中所列出的数字参数都是近似值，其可能会根据试图获得的理想性质的不同而加以改变。各个数字参数至少应被看作是根据所报告的有效数字和通过常规的四舍五入方法而获得的。
本发明优选将桉木木片裁剪成大小接近的小木片，在不同温度的不同乙醇浓度的水溶液中不同温度下抽提蒸煮不同时间。按照试验工艺条件完成木素的溶出，然后将木片在热的乙醇水溶液中反复漂洗数次，在去除大部分化学物质后，将木块放在漂白液中，控制水温使其沸腾，每隔半小时进行一次搅拌，期间适当补充漂白剂。当样品无明显黄色时，取出样品并用温水冲洗两到三次，最后对木材孔洞及空隙进行填充，得到透光性木基材料。对其进行红外光谱分析和扫描电镜分析。
木素的折射率是1.61，而纤维素(折射率1.53)和半纤维素(折射率1.53)的折射率比较低，脱除木素后，细胞壁成分的折射率几乎可达到1.53；为了进一步减少光散射和降低纳米孔隙度，可以注入折射率相匹配的聚合物，来调节光学界面。
环氧树脂、甲基丙烯酸甲酯等能够与无机纳米粒子形成聚合物物质，故常被用作复合材料基质；由于细胞壁上的定向纤维素纳米纤维的排列及其与聚合物之间的协同作用，所以表现出的力学性能(高强度和弹性模量)比之前优异，且透明木材组织的分层结构保存完好，这种材料质量轻、成本低，可广泛应用在透光建筑物和透明太阳能电池窗户等方面。
实施例1
本实施例的一种利用有机溶剂制备透明木材的方法，所述方法具体包括如下步骤：
(1)先将薄木样品在105±5℃下干燥48h。
(2)将干燥好的薄木样品，在95℃下70％乙醇浓度的溶液下抽提蒸煮24h，然后 将薄木样品取出，在85～95℃条件下用乙醇水溶液冲洗数次，以去除木片中残留的物理吸附型木素。
(3)将步骤(2)冲洗后的薄木样品放在浓度为2.5mol/L的漂白液中，控制水温使其沸腾，每隔半小时进行一次搅拌，期间适当补充漂白剂，得到去除木质素样品。
(4)将环氧树脂、己二酸二酰肼(固化剂)、步骤(3)获得的去除木质素样品一并置于超声波处理器中，对木材孔洞及空隙在超声波的作用下进行2.5h填充，得到透光性木基材料，其中：所述环氧树脂与固化剂的质量比为1.5：1。
(5)对制得的透光性木基材料进行化学分析。在1450cm -1处有一个很大的吸收峰，故推断出桉木木素的峰值为1450cm -1；该提纯时间下通过电镜得到的图片中脱除木素留下的空隙少且不明显，脱除木素较少，填充效果一般。
经测试，本实施例制得的透明木材，具有较高的72％的透光率，在105℃条件下进行老化24h，透光率没有下降。
实施例2
本实施例的一种利用有机溶剂制备透明木材的方法，所述方法具体包括如下步骤：
(1)先将薄木样品在105±5℃下干燥48h。
(2)将干燥好的薄木样品，在95℃下70％乙醇浓度的溶液下抽提蒸煮48h，然后将薄木样品取出，在85～95℃条件下用乙醇水溶液冲洗数次，以去除木片中残留的物理吸附型木素。
(3)将步骤(2)冲洗后的薄木样品放在浓度为2.5mol/L的漂白液中，控制水温使其沸腾，每隔半小时进行一次搅拌，期间适当补充漂白剂。
(4)将环氧树脂、双氰胺(固化剂)、步骤(3)获得的去除木质素样品一并置于超声波处理器中，对木材孔洞及空隙在超声波的作用下进行2.5h填充，得到透光性木基材料，其中：所述环氧树脂与固化剂的质量比为1.5：1。
(5)对制得的透光性木基材料进行化学分析。在1450cm -1处有一个很大的吸收峰，故推断出桉木木素的峰值为1450cm -1；该提纯时间下通过电镜得到的图片中脱除木素留下的空隙较多且比较明显，脱除木素较多，填充效果较好。
经测试，本实施例制得的透明木材，具有较高的75％的透光率，在105℃条件下进行老化24h，透光率没有下降。
实施例3
本实施例的一种利用有机溶剂制备透明木材的方法，所述方法具体包括如下步骤：
(1)先将薄木样品在105±5℃下干燥48h。
(2)将干燥好的薄木样品，在95℃下70％乙醇浓度的溶液下抽提蒸煮72h，然后将薄木样品取出，在85～95℃条件下用乙醇水溶液冲洗数次，以去除木片中残留的物理吸附型木素。
(3)将步骤(2)冲洗后的薄木样品放在浓度为2.5mol/L的漂白液中，控制水温使其沸腾，每隔半小时进行一次搅拌，期间适当补充漂白剂。
(4)将环氧树脂、顺丁烯二酸酐(固化剂)、步骤(3)获得的去除木质素样品一并置于超声波处理器中，对木材孔洞及空隙在超声波的作用下进行2.5h填充，得到透光性木基材料，其中：所述环氧树脂与固化剂的质量比为2：1。
(5)对制得的透光性木基材料进行化学分析。
本实施例制备的透明木材在1450cm -1处有一个很大的吸收峰，故推断出桉木木素的峰值为1450cm -1；该提纯时间下通过电镜得到的图片中脱除木素留下的空隙最多且脱除木素效果很好非常明显，脱除木素完全，填充效果最好.
在900cm -1处也存在着一个吸收峰，根据吸收值的表，此处为C—O—C的吸收峰，分析猜测这可能是由于在蒸煮过程中产生了一些醚。
经测试，本实施例制得的透明木材，具有较高的77％的透光率，在105℃条件下进行老化24h，透光率没有下降。
实施例4
本实施例的一种利用有机溶剂制备透明木材的方法，所述方法具体包括如下步骤：
(1)先将薄木样品在105±5℃下干燥24h。
(2)将干燥好的薄木样品，在85℃下60％乙醇浓度的溶液下抽提蒸煮48h，然后将薄木样品取出，在85～95℃条件下用乙醇水溶液冲洗数次，以去除木片中残留的物理吸附型木素。
(3)将步骤(2)冲洗后的薄木样品放在浓度为2mol/L的漂白液中，控制水温使其沸腾，每隔半小时进行一次搅拌，期间适当补充漂白剂。
(4)将环氧树脂、均苯四甲酸二酐(固化剂)、步骤(3)获得的去除木质素样品一并置于超声波处理器中，对木材孔洞及空隙在超声波的作用下进行3h填充，得到透光性木基材料，其中：所述环氧树脂与固化剂的质量比为1.5：1。
(5)对制得的透光性木基材料进行化学分析。在1450cm -1处有一个很大的吸收峰，故推断出桉木木素的峰值为1450cm -1；该提纯时间下通过电镜得到的图片中脱除木素留 下的空隙较多且比较明显，脱除木素较多，填充效果较好。
经测试，本实施例制得的透明木材，具有较高的80％的透光率，在105℃条件下进行老化36h，透光率没有下降。
实施例5
本实施例的一种利用有机溶剂制备透明木材的方法，所述方法具体包括如下步骤：
(1)先将薄木样品在105±5℃下干燥24h。
(2)将干燥好的薄木样品，在90℃下50％乙醇浓度的溶液下抽提蒸煮24h，然后将薄木样品取出，在85～95℃条件下用乙醇水溶液冲洗数次，以去除木片中残留的物理吸附型木素。
(3)将步骤(2)冲洗后的薄木样品放在浓度为3mol/L的漂白液中，控制水温使其沸腾，每隔半小时进行一次搅拌，期间适当补充漂白剂。
(4)将环氧树脂、双氰胺(固化剂)、步骤(3)获得的去除木质素样品一并置于超声波处理器中，对木材孔洞及空隙在超声波的作用下进行3h填充，得到透光性木基材料，其中：所述环氧树脂与固化剂的质量比为1：1。
(5)对制得的透光性木基材料进行化学分析。在1450cm -1处有一个很大的吸收峰，故推断出桉木木素的峰值为1450cm -1；该提纯时间下通过电镜得到的图片中脱除木素留下的空隙较多且比较明显，脱除木素较多，填充效果较好。
经测试，本实施例制得的透明木材，具有较高的85％的透光率，在105℃条件下进行老化72h，透光率没有下降。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种利用有机溶剂制备透明木材的方法，其特征在于：所述方法具体包括如下步骤：
    (1)将薄木样品在100～110℃条件下干燥24～48h；
    (2)将步骤(1)干燥后的薄木样品置于乙醇水溶液中，加热至85～95℃抽提蒸煮至木素全部溶出，然后将薄木样品取出，在85～95℃条件下用乙醇水溶液冲洗数次；
    (3)将步骤(2)所述冲洗后的薄木样品置于漂白液中，然后将漂白液加热至沸腾后恒温漂白至样品无明显黄色，将样品取出，再用去离子水冲洗数次，得到脱木素模板；
    (4)将聚合物基质、固化剂和步骤(3)获得的脱木素模板一并置于超声波处理器中进行超声处理使所述聚合物基质充分进入木片的孔洞及空隙中，得到所述透明木材。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的利用有机溶剂制备透明木材的方法，其特征在于：步骤(1)所述薄木样品为密度为450～650kg/m 3的桉木。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的利用有机溶剂制备透明木材的方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)所述乙醇水溶液中乙醇的体积分数为50～70％。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的利用有机溶剂制备透明木材的方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)所述抽提蒸煮的时间为24～72h。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的利用有机溶剂制备透明木材的方法，其特征在于：步骤(3)所述漂白液为双氧水，所述双氧水的浓度为1～5mol/L。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的利用有机溶剂制备透明木材的方法，其特征在于：步骤(4)所述超声处理时间为2～3h。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的利用有机溶剂制备透明木材的方法，其特征在于：步骤(4)所述聚合物基质为环氧树脂、甲基丙烯酸甲酯中的任一种。
  8. 权利要求1～7任一项所述的利用有机溶剂制备透明木材的方法制备得到的透明木材。
  9. 权利要求1～7任一项所述方法制备得到的透明木材在透光建筑物和透明太阳能电池窗户等中的应用。
  10. 一种透光建筑物或透明太阳能电池窗户，其特征在于：包括权利要求1～7任一项所述方法制备得到的透明木材。
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