WO2020220709A1 - 一种扬声器单体、扬声器模组及电子设备 - Google Patents

一种扬声器单体、扬声器模组及电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020220709A1
WO2020220709A1 PCT/CN2019/129008 CN2019129008W WO2020220709A1 WO 2020220709 A1 WO2020220709 A1 WO 2020220709A1 CN 2019129008 W CN2019129008 W CN 2019129008W WO 2020220709 A1 WO2020220709 A1 WO 2020220709A1
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Prior art keywords
magnetic
vibration system
voice coil
component
magnetic component
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PCT/CN2019/129008
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨鑫峰
祖峰磊
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歌尔股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2020220709A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020220709A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R31/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of transducers or diaphragms therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R31/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of transducers or diaphragms therefor
    • H04R31/003—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of transducers or diaphragms therefor for diaphragms or their outer suspension
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/025—Magnetic circuit

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of electro-acoustic conversion, and more specifically, to a speaker unit; the present invention also relates to a speaker module using the speaker unit and an electronic device using the speaker module.
  • the traditional speaker design includes a magnetic circuit system 200, a vibration system 300, and a support system 100.
  • the vibration system includes a diaphragm assembly and a voice coil 301 arranged on the diaphragm assembly.
  • the total length of the voice coil 301 is L, and the magnetic circuit
  • the system 200 provides a concentrated magnetic field strength B in a certain area, that is, the magnetic gap, and the direction of the magnetic field and the central axis of the voice coil 301 are perpendicular to each other.
  • the magnetic circuit system 200 forms an upper magnetic focusing area 201 (ie, a magnetic gap) for mating with the voice coil 301, and also forms a lower magnetic focusing area 202 corresponding to the upper magnetic focusing area 201.
  • the lower magnetic focusing area 202 is usually a position on the yoke corresponding to the upper magnetic focusing area 201.
  • the voice coil 301 When an alternating current i passes through the voice coil 301, the voice coil 301 will receive the ampere force BLi and deviate from its equilibrium position. At this time, the vibration system 300 generates an elastic restoring force due to the deviation of the equilibrium position.
  • the magnitude of the restoring force is related to the material selection, structure, and sound load design of the vibration system 300, and changes with the deviation of the position z.
  • Kms the stiffness coefficient of the speaker Kms
  • Cms 1/Kms.
  • the mass of the vibration part of the vibration system 300 and the equivalent sound mass produced by the reaction of sound radiation are called the vibration mass Mms of the speaker. Kms and Mms determine the first-order resonance frequency of the speaker vibration system 300, which is defined as
  • the stiffness coefficient of the speaker unit is determined by the Young's modulus of the diaphragm material, material thickness and structural design.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a new technical solution for the speaker unit.
  • a speaker unit including a magnetic circuit system and a vibration system matched with the magnetic circuit system;
  • An adjustment device is also provided on the vibration system, and the adjustment device is configured to always provide a force to the vibration system during the vibration process of the vibration system, and the direction of the force is opposite to the direction of the restoring force of the vibration system itself.
  • the adjustment device provides electrostatic force or magnetic force applied to the vibration system.
  • the total force exerted by the adjustment device on the vibration system is zero.
  • the force Fmg(z) exerted by the adjustment device on the vibration system is proportional to the restoring force Kms(z)z of the vibration system itself; where z is the vibration system The displacement.
  • the adjusting device is a magnetic component arranged on the vibration system; a first magnetic region and a second magnetic region for attracting the magnetic component are relatively fixed on both sides in the vibration direction of the magnetic component; the magnetic component is configured To follow the vibration of the vibration system, move between the first magnetic region and the second magnetic region to approach the first magnetic region or the second magnetic region.
  • the attraction of the magnetic component by the first magnetic region is equal to the attraction of the magnetic component by the second magnetic region.
  • the magnetic circuit system includes a first magnetic region as the first magnetic region, and a second magnetic region corresponding to the first magnetic region as the second magnetic region;
  • the vibration system includes The diaphragm assembly and the voice coil arranged on the diaphragm assembly, the voice coil is matched with the first magnetic focusing area;
  • the magnetic component is arranged on the voice coil and located in the first magnetic focusing area and the second magnetic focusing area Between the positions.
  • the attractive force of the magnetic component by the first magnetic focusing area is equal to the attractive force of the magnetic component by the second magnetic focusing area.
  • one of the magnetic components is provided, which is distributed in the bottom end of the voice coil or in the voice coil; or there are multiple magnetic components, which are distributed in the bottom end of the voice coil or/and the voice coil.
  • it further includes a first magnetic region and a second magnetic region arranged in the vibration direction of the vibration system;
  • the adjustment device includes a magnetic component arranged on the vibration system, and the magnetic component includes a separate first magnetic component 2.
  • the second magnetic component the first magnetic component is located outside the first magnetic region and is attracted by the first magnetic region;
  • the second magnetic component is located between the first magnetic region and the second magnetic region, and is simultaneously affected by the first magnetic region , Attraction of the second magnetic area;
  • the first magnetic component and the second magnetic component vibrate with the vibration system, the first magnetic component is close to the first magnetic region, and the second magnetic component is far away from the first magnetic region and close to the second magnetic region; or, the first magnetic component A magnetic component is far away from the first magnetic region, and the second magnetic component is close to the first magnetic region and far away from the second magnetic region.
  • the magnetic circuit system includes a first magnetic region as a first magnetic region, and a second magnetic region corresponding to the first magnetic region and as a second magnetic region;
  • the vibration system includes a diaphragm assembly And a voice coil arranged on the diaphragm assembly, where the voice coil is matched with the first magnetic focusing area;
  • the first magnetic component and the second magnetic component are arranged on the voice coil.
  • the total force of the first magnetic concentration zone and the second magnetic concentration zone on the first magnetic component and the second magnetic component is zero.
  • the first magnetic component is arranged at the top end of the voice coil or in the voice coil; the second magnetic component is arranged at the bottom end of the voice coil or in the voice coil.
  • a plurality of the first magnetic component and the second magnetic component are respectively provided, which are distributed in the axial direction of the voice coil.
  • the magnetic component adopts a mixture of magnetic conductive material particles and an adhesive; or adopts a soft magnetic material, or adopts a permanent magnetic material.
  • the magnetic component has a closed ring shape and matches the shape of the voice coil.
  • the voice coil is rectangular; there are four magnetic components in the same plane, which are distributed at the four corner positions of the voice coil or at the center positions of the four side walls of the voice coil.
  • the magnetic circuit system includes a center magnet; or, the magnetic circuit system includes a center magnet and side magnets arranged outside the center magnet.
  • a speaker module including the above-mentioned speaker unit.
  • an electronic device including the above-mentioned speaker unit; or including the above-mentioned speaker module.
  • the adjustment device can effectively reduce the restoring force of the speaker during movement, thereby reducing the resonance frequency of the vibration system.
  • the stiffness coefficient of the loudspeaker's single vibration system is no longer solely limited by the diaphragm and the rear cavity.
  • high diaphragm stiffness, small rear cavity and ultra-low stiffness can be achieved.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a speaker unit in the prior art.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the force on the speaker unit in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the working frequency band of the speaker unit in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of one embodiment of the speaker unit of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the force exerted by the single speaker vibration system in Fig. 4 when it vibrates upward.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the force exerted by the single speaker vibration system in Fig. 4 when it vibrates downward.
  • FIG. 7 to 9 are schematic diagrams of the structure of three different magnetic circuit systems of the speaker unit of the present invention.
  • 10a to 10c are schematic diagrams of three different distribution modes of the magnetic components of the present invention.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the speaker unit of the present invention.
  • Fig. 12 is a polar distribution diagram when permanent magnets are used in the magnetic component of the present invention.
  • BL(z) is the power conversion factor of the speaker, which is unevenly distributed in the moving direction z of the voice coil; Rms is the damping of the vibration system, and Mms is the vibration quality of the speaker.
  • the motion equation determines that the motion of the speaker vibration system has four working frequency bands, refer to Figure 3.
  • a zone elastic control zone
  • B zone damping control zone
  • C zone quality control zone
  • D zone divided vibration zone.
  • the loudspeaker is doing the up and down piston vibration, and the micro loudspeaker can be regarded as a point source radiation (condition ka ⁇ 1, when the frequency is 100Hz, a ⁇ 0.54m That is; when the frequency is 1000Hz, a ⁇ 5.4cm is enough, a is the equivalent radius of the speaker).
  • the sound pressure formulas of the speakers all satisfy: Wherein ⁇ 0 is the density of air, f is the vibration frequency, S D is the effective area of the radiation, v c is the speed of vibration of the voice coil, r is the distance.
  • e g is the input voltage
  • R E is a DC resistance of the speaker.
  • zone A that is, the low frequency band: the mass and damping terms within the root sign are much smaller than and so
  • zone C that is, the intermediate frequency zone: the damping term and compliance term in the root sign are much smaller than the mass term ⁇ M MS , so
  • the elastic control area e g , RE , ⁇ 0 , 2 ⁇ 2 r, and ⁇ 2 are constants under a certain evaluation mechanism.
  • S D is also limited under a given physical space limit, and BL is at a certain The improvement is limited under the limitations of physical space and manufacturing level. Therefore, the K MS in the speaker can be adjusted to achieve the desired effect.
  • Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the speaker unit of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 4, it includes a supporting system 1, a magnetic circuit system 2, and a vibration system 3 that cooperates with the magnetic circuit system 2.
  • the vibration system 3 may include a diaphragm assembly and a voice coil 31 provided on the diaphragm assembly.
  • the magnetic circuit system 2 forms a first magnetic focusing area 21 and a second magnetic focusing area 22 corresponding to the first magnetic focusing area 21.
  • the second magnetic focusing area 22 is usually a position on the yoke corresponding to the first magnetic focusing area 21.
  • the speaker unit of the present invention is further provided with an adjusting device on the vibration system 3.
  • the adjusting device can be configured to always provide a force to the vibration system during the vibration process of the vibration system, and the direction of the force is consistent with the vibration system. The direction of self-recovery is opposite.
  • the adjustment device is arranged on the vibration system, which can be understood as a part of the vibration system. Through the adjustment device itself or the cooperation with an external system, the adjustment device can exert a force on the vibration system. During the vibration of the vibration system 3, the direction of the force is always opposite to the direction of the restoring force of the vibration system 3 itself.
  • the adjusting device is configured to provide an upward force Fmg to the vibration system 3.
  • the adjusting device is configured to provide a downward force Fmg to the vibration system 3.
  • the adjustment device provides, for example, an electrostatic force or a magnetic force applied to the vibration system.
  • the adjusting device can form an electrostatic force with the outside, and finally apply the electrostatic force to the vibration system.
  • the adjusting device can form a magnetic force with the outside, and finally apply the magnetic force to the vibration system.
  • the total force exerted by the adjustment device on the vibration system is zero. That is to say, when the vibration system is in the equilibrium position, the adjustment device does not exert any force on the vibration system, or the total force applied is 0, so as to avoid the influence of the adjustment device on the equilibrium position of the vibration system.
  • the force exerted by the adjusting device on the vibration system is not fixed.
  • the force Fmg(z) exerted by the adjusting device on the vibration system 3 is proportional to the restoring force Kms(z)z of the vibration system; where z is the displacement of the vibration system. That is, the adjustment device is configured such that the greater the distance the vibration system deviates from its equilibrium position, the greater the force Fmg(z) exerted by the adjustment device on the vibration system 3. When the distance the vibration system deviates from its equilibrium position is smaller, the force Fmg(z) exerted by the adjustment device on the vibration system 3 is also smaller.
  • the force Fmg(z) of the adjusting device is always in phase with the displacement z of the vibration system, that is, it is opposite to the restoring force Kms(z)z provided by the stiffness of the vibration system, namely It can achieve the purpose of effectively reducing the system equivalent stiffness coefficient Ke(z):
  • the resonance frequency of the vibration system becomes
  • the adjustment device can effectively reduce the restoring force of the speaker during movement, thereby reducing the resonance frequency of the vibration system.
  • the stiffness coefficient of the speaker's single vibration system is no longer simply limited by the diaphragm and the rear cavity.
  • high diaphragm stiffness, small rear cavity, and ultra-low stiffness can be achieved.
  • the adjusting device provides auxiliary force for the vibration system by means of electrostatic attraction.
  • a first conductive layer can be provided on the vibration system 3, and a second conductive layer and a third conductive layer can be provided on the support system 1 or the magnetic circuit system.
  • the first conductive layer may be located between the second conductive layer and the third conductive layer.
  • the first conductive layer may be arranged at any suitable position on the vibration system 3, for example, may be arranged on the diaphragm 33.
  • the first conductive layer may also be provided on the dome structure 34, which will not be described in detail here.
  • the adjustment device provides a magnetic force applied to the vibration system.
  • the magnetic force can be electromagnetic force or magnetic force provided by permanent magnets.
  • the adjusting device is a magnetic component 32 provided on the voice coil 31.
  • a first magnetic zone and a second magnetic zone for attracting the magnetic component 32 are relatively fixed on both sides in the vibration direction of the magnetic component 32.
  • the first magnetic zone and the second magnetic zone can be provided by a magnet fixed on the supporting system 1.
  • the first magnetic region and the second magnetic region are respectively located on both sides of the magnetic component 32, so that when the magnetic component 32 vibrates with the vibration system 3, the magnetic component 32 can be close to the first magnetic region or the second magnetic region.
  • the magnetic component 32 When the magnetic component 32 is close to the first magnetic region, it is far away from the second magnetic region. Therefore, the attractive force between the magnetic component 32 and the first magnetic region becomes larger, and the attractive force between the magnetic member 32 and the second magnetic region becomes smaller.
  • the total attractive force received by the magnetic component 32 can be used as the force exerted on the vibration system.
  • the magnetic component 32 when the magnetic component 32 is close to the second magnetic region, it is far away from the first magnetic region. Therefore, the attractive force between the magnetic component 32 and the first magnetic region becomes smaller, and the attractive force between the magnetic member 32 and the second magnetic region becomes larger.
  • the total attractive force received by the magnetic component 32 can be used as the force exerted on the vibration system.
  • the attractive force of the magnetic component 32 by the first magnetic region is equal to the attractive force of the second magnetic region by the magnetic component 32.
  • the attractive force received by the magnetic component 32 is equal to the attractive force of the second magnetic region by the magnetic component 32.
  • the first magnetic zone and the second magnetic zone are provided by the magnetic circuit system 2 of the speaker.
  • the first magnetic region 21 of the magnetic circuit system 2 can be used as a first magnetic region
  • the second magnetic region 22 can be used as a second magnetic region. This can avoid setting up additional magnetic areas on the speaker unit.
  • the magnetic component 32 may be a mixture of magnetic conductive material particles and an adhesive, and the mixture is bonded to the lower end of the voice coil 31.
  • the magnetic component 32 can also be selected from any soft magnetic material, such as pure iron, nickel, alloy, etc.; it can also be a permanent magnetic material with its own magnetism, such as ferrite, precious metal alloy, etc.
  • the magnetic component 32 when the magnetic component 32 adopts permanent magnets, it is necessary to ensure that the magnetic component 32 does not generate mutually repulsive forces in the first magnetic focusing area 21 and the second magnetic focusing area 22.
  • the magnetic component 32 can be arranged in a horizontal direction according to the magnetic circuit of the magnetic circuit system, for example, the left side of the magnetic component 32 is the N pole and the right side is the S pole.
  • the magnetic component 32 is arranged on the voice coil 31 and is located between the first magnetic focusing area 21 and the second magnetic focusing area 22, so that the magnetic component 32 can be in the first magnetic focusing area within the effective vibration range of the vibration system 3 21.
  • the second magnetic focusing zone 22 reciprocates.
  • the magnetic component 32 is simultaneously attracted by the first magnetic focusing area 21 and the second magnetic focusing area 22, and the directions of the two attraction forces are opposite.
  • the magnetic component 32 approaches one of the magnetic focusing areas, its attractive force with the magnetic focusing area becomes larger, and the attractive force with the other magnetic focusing area becomes smaller.
  • the total attractive force received by the magnetic component 32 is the force exerted by the adjustment device on the vibration system.
  • the magnetic component 32 may be located in the middle of the first magnetic focusing area 21 and the second magnetic focusing area 22, or may be arranged at a position deviated from the center of the two magnetic focusing areas. It is ensured that when the vibration system 3 is in the equilibrium position, the attraction force of the magnetic component 32 by the first magnetic focusing region 21 is equal to the attraction of the magnetic component 32 by the second magnetic focusing region 22. Under this design, the size of the magnetic component 32 can be optimized to ensure that the magnetic component 32 can be installed at the bottom end of the voice coil 31. Of course, if necessary, the magnetic component 32 can be arranged in the voice coil to ensure that the total attraction force of the two magnetic regions that the magnetic component 32 receives is zero when it is in the equilibrium position.
  • the elastic restoring force Kms(z) of the vibration system 3 is downward.
  • the magnetic component 32 at the lower end of the voice coil 31 is close to the first magnetic focusing area 21 and away from the second magnetic focusing area 22.
  • the attractive force of the magnetic component 32 by the first magnetic focusing area 21 is greater than the attractive force of the second magnetic focusing area 22. Therefore, the total attractive force Fmg received by the magnetic component 32 is mainly affected by the first magnetic focusing area 21, and its direction is upward, opposite to the direction of the elastic restoring force Kms(z)z of the vibration system 3.
  • the closer the magnetic component 32 is to the first magnetic focusing area the greater the total attractive force Fmg it receives is affected by the first magnetic focusing area 21.
  • the elastic restoring force Kms(z) z direction of the vibration system 3 is upward.
  • the magnetic component 32 at the lower end of the voice coil 31 is close to the second magnetic focusing area 22 and away from the first magnetic focusing area 21.
  • the attraction force of the magnetic component 32 by the second magnetic focusing area 22 is greater than that of the first magnetic focusing area 21. Therefore, the total attractive force Fmg received by the magnetic component 32 is mainly affected by the second magnetic focusing zone 22, and its direction is downward, opposite to the direction of the elastic restoring force Kms(z)z of the vibration system 3.
  • One magnetic component 32 may be provided, which is distributed at the bottom end of the voice coil 31 or in the voice coil 31.
  • a plurality of magnetic components 32 may be provided, which are distributed at the bottom end of the voice coil 31 or/and the voice coil.
  • the multiple magnetic components 32 are still located between the first magnetic focusing area 21 and the second magnetic focusing area 22.
  • first magnetic component 321 is located on the outer side (upper side) of the first magnetic focusing area 21 and is basically only attracted by the first magnetic focusing area 21.
  • the second magnetic component 320 is located between the first magnetic focusing area 21 and the second magnetic focusing area 22 and is attracted by the first magnetic focusing area 21 and the second magnetic focusing area 22 at the same time.
  • the first magnetic component 321 and the second magnetic component 320 vibrate with the vibration system, the first magnetic component 321 is close to the first magnetic concentration zone 21, and the second magnetic component 320 is away from the first magnetic field 21 and close to the second magnetic field 22; Alternatively, the first magnetic component 321 is far away from the first magnetic focusing area 21, and the second magnetic component 320 is close to the first magnetic focusing area 21 and away from the second magnetic focusing area 22.
  • Such a positional relationship makes the first magnetic part 321 receive the attraction force of the first magnetization zone 21 opposite to the direction in which the second magnetic element 320 receives the attraction force of the first magnetism concentration zone 21, and is the same as the second magnetic element 320 that receives the second attraction force.
  • the direction of attraction of the magnetic field 22 is the same.
  • the first magnetic component 321 and the second magnetic component 320 are exposed to the first magnetic concentration zone 21 and the second magnetic concentration zone during the balance position of the vibration system.
  • the total attractiveness of 22 is 0. That is, the first magnetic component 321 receives the attraction force of the first magnetic concentration area 21 and the second magnetic component 320 receives the attraction force of the second magnetic concentration area 22, which is equal to the second magnetic component 320 receives the attraction force of the first magnetic concentration area 21. .
  • the vibration system 3 When the vibration system 3 is moved upward by the ampere force BLi, the direction of the elastic restoring force Fmg of the vibration system 3 is downward. Since the first magnetic part 321 is far away from the first magnetic area 21 and the second magnetic member 320 is away from the second magnetic area 22, the total attractive force of the two magnetic parts is affected by the second magnetic part 320 and the first magnetic area 21. The impact is greater. The reverse is also true, and will not be described in detail here.
  • the first magnetic component 321 can be arranged at the top end of the voice coil 31 or in the voice coil; the second magnetic component 320 can be arranged at the bottom end of the voice coil 31 or in the voice coil, and This will not be explained in detail.
  • first magnetic component 321 and the second magnetic component 320 may be provided in multiples respectively, which are distributed in the axial direction of the voice coil, so as to ensure that the first magnetic component 321 is affected by the first magnetic area 21 and the second magnetic component 320 can be affected by two magnetic areas at the same time.
  • the state of equilibrium described in this article not only refers to absolute balance, but also includes relative balance.
  • the mass of the vibration system increases, which may need to consider the relative balance of the vibration system.
  • first magnetic region and the second magnetic region used to cooperate with the first magnetic component 321 and the second magnetic component 320 in this embodiment do not necessarily use the first magnetic concentration region and the second magnetic region.
  • Additional magnetic areas can be provided on the supporting system 1, which will not be described in detail here.
  • FIGS 10a to 10c illustrate three structural schematic diagrams of magnetic components in the same plane.
  • the voice coil 31 adopts a rectangular structure, there may be four magnetic components 32 arranged at the four corner positions of the voice coil 31.
  • the voice coil 31 adopts a rectangular structure, there may be four magnetic components 32 arranged at the center of the four side walls of the voice coil 31.
  • the magnetic component 32 is in a closed ring shape and matches the shape of the voice coil 31.
  • it can be assembled on the top, bottom or in the voice coil 31.
  • FIGS. 10a to 10c are not only applicable to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4, but also applicable to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 11, and will not be described in detail here.
  • the speaker unit and the diaphragm assembly of the present invention can adopt materials and structures well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the diaphragm assembly can be a flat diaphragm 33 or a diaphragm 33 with a folded ring structure.
  • the diaphragm assembly may also include a dome structure 34, which belongs to the common knowledge of those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail here.
  • the magnetic circuit system 2 may adopt a structure known to those skilled in the art, such as a single magnetic circuit structure, a dual magnetic circuit structure, or a multi-magnetic circuit structure.
  • Fig. 7 shows the magnetic circuit system of the present invention with a single magnetic circuit structure (that is, only including one magnet).
  • the magnetic circuit system includes a yoke 23 having a side wall portion 26 and a center magnet 24 disposed at the center of the yoke 23.
  • a center washer 25 is provided above the center magnet 24, and a side washer 27 is provided on the side wall 26.
  • a first magnetic focusing area 21, that is, a magnetic gap, is formed between the side washers 27 and the center washers 25.
  • the position on the yoke 23 corresponding to the first magnetic focusing area 21 is the second magnetic focusing area 22.
  • the side wall portion 26 and the yoke 23 may be integrated or assembled.
  • Fig. 8 shows a magnetic circuit system including multiple magnets of the present invention.
  • the magnetic circuit system includes a plate-shaped magnetic yoke 230, a central magnet 240 arranged in the middle of the magnetic yoke 230, and a central washer 250 arranged above the central magnet 240. It also includes a side magnet 260 arranged on the yoke 230 and surrounding the center magnet 240, and a side washer 270 is arranged on the side magnet 260.
  • a first magnetic focusing area 210 that is, a magnetic gap, is formed between the edge washer 270 and the center washer 250. The position on the yoke 230 corresponding to the first magnetic focusing area 210 is the second magnetic focusing area 220.
  • Figure 9 shows the magnetic circuit system of the Halbach structure. Permanent magnets whose polarization directions are perpendicular to each other gather the magnetic field into the magnetic gap.
  • the magnetic circuit system of this Halbach structure belongs to the common knowledge of those skilled in the art. No more details.
  • a speaker module is also provided, which includes the above-mentioned speaker unit.
  • an electronic device which includes the aforementioned speaker unit or the aforementioned speaker module. That is to say, in the electronic device, the speaker can be assembled into the housing of the electronic device in the form of a module, or can be assembled into the housing of the electronic device in a single form.
  • the electronic device can be a mobile phone, MP3, MP4, tablet computer, earphone, wearable device, etc., which will not be listed here.

Abstract

本发明公开了一种扬声器单体、扬声器模组及电子设备，包括磁路系统以及与磁路系统配合在一起的振动系统；在所述振动系统上还设置有调节装置，所述调节装置被配置为：在振动系统的振动过程中始终为振动系统提供作用力，该作用力的方向与振动系统自身恢复力的方向相反。通过调节装置，可有效降低扬声器在运动过程中的恢复力大小，从而降低振动系统的谐振频率。通过这种优化的设计，扬声器单体振动系统的刚度系数不再单纯受到振膜和后腔的限制，在调节装置提供的作用力辅助下，可实现高振膜刚度、小后腔，超低f0的设计。

Description

一种扬声器单体、扬声器模组及电子设备 技术领域
本发明涉及电声转换领域，更具体地，涉及一种扬声器单体；本发明还涉及一种应用此扬声器单体的扬声器模组，以及应用该扬声器模组的电子设备。
背景技术
传统的扬声器设计，如图1，包含磁路系统200、振动系统300和支撑系统100，振动系统包括振膜组件以及设置在振膜组件上的音圈301，音圈301总长为L，磁路系统200在一定区域即磁间隙内提供集中化的磁场强度B，磁场方向和音圈301中轴线相互垂直。磁路系统200形成了一个用于与音圈301配合在一起的上磁聚区201(即磁间隙)，还形成了与上磁聚区201相对应的下磁聚区202。该下磁聚区202通常为磁轭上与上磁聚区201对应的位置。
当音圈301中通过一个交变电流i，音圈301会受到安培力BLi并偏离其平衡位置，此时振动系统300由于偏离了平衡位置而产生了弹性的恢复力。参考图2，该恢复力的大小与振动系统300的材料选择、结构以及声负载的设计有关，且随着偏离位置z的变化而发生变化，我们称为扬声器的劲度系数Kms，其倒数为Cms＝1/Kms。振动系统300中参与振动部分的质量以及由于声辐射反作用产生的等效声质量，我们称为扬声器的振动质量Mms。Kms和Mms决定扬声器振动系统300的一阶谐振频率，其定义为
Figure PCTCN2019129008-appb-000001
通过上面公式可知，选择更小的Kms，有助于拉低f s，由此可以得到更高的低频响度。扬声器单体的劲度系数，决定于振膜材料的杨氏模量、材料厚度以及结构设计。扬声器模组的劲度系数Kms，决定于扬声器单体 自身的劲度系数Ks，以及后腔的大小Kb，Kms＝Ks+Kb。
因此在材料技术和扬声器模组体积的双重限制下，很难进一步降低系统的劲度系数Kms。有必要设计引入新的物理机制降低系统等效的劲度系数Ke，提高低频响度。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种扬声器单体的新技术方案。
根据本发明的第一方面，提供了一种扬声器单体，包括磁路系统以及与磁路系统配合在一起的振动系统；
在所述振动系统上还设置有调节装置，所述调节装置被配置为：在振动系统的振动过程中始终为振动系统提供作用力，该作用力的方向与振动系统自身恢复力的方向相反。
可选地，所述调节装置提供的是施加在振动系统上的静电力或者磁力。
可选地，当振动系统处于平衡位置时，所述调节装置施加在振动系统上的总作用力为0。
可选地，在所述振动系统的振动过程中，所述调节装置施加在振动系统上的作用力Fmg(z)，正比于振动系统自身的恢复力Kms(z)z；其中z为振动系统的位移。
可选地，所述调节装置为设置在振动系统上的磁部件；在磁部件振动方向上的两侧还相对固定有用于吸引磁部件的第一磁区、第二磁区；所述磁部件被配置为随着振动系统的振动，在第一磁区、第二磁区之间运动，以靠近第一磁区或者靠近第二磁区。
可选地，所述振动系统位于平衡位置时，所述磁部件受到第一磁区的吸引力等于其受到第二磁区的吸引力。
可选地，所述磁路系统包括作为所述第一磁区的第一磁聚区，以及与第一磁聚区对应的作为所述第二磁区的第二磁聚区；所述振动系统包括振膜组件以及设置在振膜组件上的音圈，所述音圈与第一磁聚区配合在一起；所述磁部件设置在音圈上且位于第一磁聚区、第二磁聚区之间的位置。
可选地，所述振动系统位于平衡位置时，所述磁部件受到第一磁聚区 的吸引力等于其受到第二磁聚区的吸引力。
可选地，所述磁部件设置有一个，分布在音圈的底端或者音圈中；或者是，所述磁部件设置有多个，分布在音圈的底端或/和音圈中。
可选地，还包括在所述振动系统振动方向上排布的第一磁区、第二磁区；所述调节装置包括设置在振动系统上的磁部件，所述磁部件包括分离的第一磁部件、第二磁部件；所述第一磁部件位于第一磁区的外侧，且受到第一磁区的吸引；所述第二磁部件位于第一磁区、第二磁区之间，且同时受到第一磁区、第二磁区的吸引；
当第一磁部件、第二磁部件随着振动系统振动时，所述第一磁部件靠近第一磁区，所述第二磁部件远离第一磁区并靠近第二磁区；或者是，所述第一磁部件远离第一磁区，所述第二磁部件靠近第一磁区且远离第二磁区。
可选地，所述磁路系统包括作为第一磁区的第一磁聚区，以及与第一磁聚区对应的且作为第二磁区的第二磁聚区；所述振动系统包括振膜组件以及设置在振膜组件上的音圈，所述音圈与第一磁聚区配合在一起；
所述第一磁部件、第二磁部件设置在音圈上。
可选地，所述振动系统位于平衡位置时，所述第一磁部件、第二磁部件受到第一磁聚区、第二磁聚区的总作用力为0。
可选地，所述第一磁部件设置在音圈的顶端或音圈中；所述第二磁部件设置在音圈的底端或者音圈中。
可选地，所述第一磁部件、第二磁部件分别设置有多个，分布在音圈的轴向方向上。
可选地，所述磁部件采用导磁材料颗粒与粘着剂的混合物；或者采用软磁材料，或者采用永磁材料。
可选地，所述磁部件呈封闭的环状，且与音圈的形状相匹配。
可选地，位于同一平面内的磁部件设置有多个，分布在音圈的周向方向上。
可选地，所述音圈呈矩形；同一平面内的磁部件设置有四个，分布在音圈的四个拐角位置或者设置在音圈的四个侧壁的中心位置。
可选地，所述磁路系统包括中心磁铁；或者，所述磁路系统包括中心磁铁以及设置在所述中心磁铁外侧的边磁铁。
根据本发明的另一方面，还提供了一种扬声器模组，包括上述的扬声器单体。
根据本发明的另一方面，还提供了一种电子设备，包括上述的扬声器单体；或者包括上述的扬声器模组。
根据本公开的一个实施例，通过调节装置，可有效降低扬声器在运动过程中的恢复力大小，从而降低振动系统的谐振频率。通过这种优化的设计，扬声器单体振动系统的刚度系数不再单纯受到振膜和后腔的限制，在调节装置提供的作用力辅助下，可实现高振膜刚度、小后腔，超低f0的设计。
通过以下参照附图对本发明的示例性实施例的详细描述，本发明的其它特征及其优点将会变得清楚。
附图说明
被结合在说明书中并构成说明书的一部分的附图示出了本发明的实施例，并且连同其说明一起用于解释本发明的原理。
图1是现有技术中扬声器单体的结构示意图。
图2是图1中扬声器单体的受力示意图。
图3是图1中扬声器单体的工作频段示意图。
图4是本发明扬声器单体其中一个实施方式的结构示意图。
图5是图4中扬声器单体振动系统向上振动时的受力示意图。
图6是图4中扬声器单体振动系统向下振动时的受力示意图。
图7至图9是本发明扬声器单体三种不同磁路系统的结构示意图。
图10a至图10c是本发明磁部件三种不同分布方式的示意图。
图11是本发明扬声器单体另一实施方式的结构示意图。
图12是本发明磁部件采用永磁体时的极性分布图。
具体实施方式
现在将参照附图来详细描述本发明的各种示例性实施例。应注意到：除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、数字表达式和数值不限制本发明的范围。
以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本发明及其应用或使用的任何限制。
对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为说明书的一部分。
在这里示出和讨论的所有例子中，任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制。因此，示例性实施例的其它例子可以具有不同的值。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步讨论。
传统的扬声器在工作时，参考图1，当音圈301中通过一个交变电流i，音圈301会受到安培力BLi并偏离其平衡位置，此时振动系统300由于偏离了平衡位置而产生了弹性的恢复力Kms(z)z。其中，z为振动系统300的位移。扬声器在振动过程中，其遵循的运动受力方程如下：
Figure PCTCN2019129008-appb-000002
其中BL(z)是扬声器的电力转换因素，在音圈的运动方向z上有不均匀的分布；Rms是振动系统的阻尼，Mms是扬声器的振动质量。
该运动方程决定了扬声器振动系统的运动具有四个工作频段，参考图3。A区：弹性控制区，B区：阻尼控制区，C区：质量控制区和D区：分割振动区。
频域的A区、B区和C区内，扬声器都是在做上下的活塞振动，微型扬声器都可看成是一个点源辐射(条件ka<<1，当频率是100Hz，a<0.54m即可；频率为1000Hz时a<5.4cm即可，a为扬声器等效半径)。距离r处，扬声器的声压公式均满足：
Figure PCTCN2019129008-appb-000003
其中ρ 0是空气密度，f是振动频率，S D是辐射有效面积，v c是音圈振动速度，r是距离。
Figure PCTCN2019129008-appb-000004
是音圈的振动速度。e g是输入电压，ω＝2πf是角频率，R E是扬声器的直流阻。
在A区，即低频段：根号内的质量项和阻尼项远小于
Figure PCTCN2019129008-appb-000005
所以
Figure PCTCN2019129008-appb-000006
在C区，即中频区：根号内的阻尼项和顺性项远小于质量项ωM MS，所以
Figure PCTCN2019129008-appb-000007
在A区即弹性控制区，其中e g、R E、ρ 0，2π 2r和ω 2在一定的评价机制下是常量，在给定的物理空间限制下S D也受限，BL在一定的物理空间和制造水平限制下提升幅度有限，因此，可以调整扬声器中的K MS，以实现所需的效果。
图4示出了本发明扬声器单体的剖视图。参考图4，包括支撑系统1、磁路系统2以及与磁路系统2配合在一起的振动系统3。
具体地，振动系统3可包括振膜组件以及设置在振膜组件上的音圈31。磁路系统2形成了第一磁聚区21以及与第一磁聚区21对应的第二磁聚区22。该第二磁聚区22通常为磁轭上与第一磁聚区21对应的位置。这种结构属于本领域技术人员的公知常识，在此不再具体说明。
本发明的扬声器单体，在振动系统3上还设置有调节装置，所述调节装置可被配置为：在振动系统的振动过程中始终为振动系统提供作用力，该作用力的方向与振动系统自身恢复力的方向相反。
该调节装置设置在振动系统上，可以理解为该调解装置为振动系统的一部分。通过该调节装置自身或者与外部系统的配合，使得调节装置可以在振动系统上施加一个作用力。在振动系统3的振动过程中，该作用力的方向始终与振动系统3自身恢复力的方向相反。
参考图5，当振动系统3向上振动时，音圈31通电产生的安培力BLi驱动振动系统3向上振动，该安培力BLi的方向向上。在该状态时，振动系统3自身的弹性恢复力Kms(z)z的方向向下。此时，调节装置被配置为可以为振动系统3提供一个向上的作用力Fmg。
参考图6，当振动系统3向下振动时，音圈31通电产生的安培力BLi驱动振动系统向下振动，该安培力BLi的方向向下。在该状态时，振动系统3自身的弹性恢复力Kms(z)z的方向向上。此时，调节装置被配置为可以为振动系统3提供一个向下的作用力Fmg。
可选的是，调节装置例如提供的是施加在振动系统上的静电力或者磁力。例如该调节装置可以与外部形成静电力，并将该静电力最终施加在振动系统上。还例如是，该调节装置可以与外部形成磁力，并将该磁力最终施加在振动系统上。
可选的是，当振动系统处于平衡位置时，所述调节装置施加在振动系统上的总作用力为0。也就是说，当振动系统处于平衡位置时，调节装置对振动系统不施加作用力，或者施加的总的作用力为0，以避免该调节装置对振动系统平衡位置的影响。
可选的是，调节装置施加在振动系统上的作用力并不是固定的。在振动系统3的振动过程中，调节装置施加在振动系统3上的作用力Fmg(z)，正比于振动系统的恢复力Kms(z)z；其中z为振动系统的位移。也就是说，调节装置被配置为当振动系统偏离其平衡位置的距离越大时，调节装置施加在振动系统3上的作用力Fmg(z)也越大。当振动系统偏离其平衡位置的距离越小时，调节装置施加在振动系统3上的作用力Fmg(z)也越小。
此时系统的受力分析及运动方程如下：
Figure PCTCN2019129008-appb-000008
通过优化设计，确保在扬声器的有效振动范围内，调节装置的作用力力Fmg(z)永远和振动系统的位移z同相，即和振动系统刚度提供的恢复力Kms(z)z反相，即可实现有效降低系统等效劲度系数Ke(z)的目的：
Figure PCTCN2019129008-appb-000009
其中，
Figure PCTCN2019129008-appb-000010
此时的运动方程变成如下：
Figure PCTCN2019129008-appb-000011
振动系统的谐振频率变为
Figure PCTCN2019129008-appb-000012
因此，通过调节装置，可有效降低扬声器在运动过程中的恢复力大小，从而降低振动系统的谐振频率。通过这种优化的设计，扬声器单体振动系统的刚度系数不再单纯受到振膜和后腔的限制，在调节装置提供的作用力辅助下，可实现高振膜刚度、小后腔、超低f0的设计。
下面结合具体的实施结构，对本发明的技术方案进行详尽的说明。
在本发明一个具体的实施方式中，调节装置通过静电吸引力的方式为振动系统提供辅助的作用力。例如可以在振动系统3上设置第一导电层，在支撑系统1上或者磁路系统上设置第二导电层、第三导电层。第一导电层可以位于第二导电层、第三导电层之间。通过在第一导电层与第二导电层之间、第一导电层与第三导电层之间施加预定的电压，以在第一导电层与第二导电层、第三导电层之间形成静电力。通过控制两个导电层之间的电压，可以达到控制静电力大小的目的。
第一导电层可以设置在振动系统3上任意合适的位置，例如可设置在振膜33上。当设置有球顶结构34的时候，第一导电层也可以设置在球顶结构34上，在此不再具体说明。
在本发明另一个具体的实施方式中，调节装置提供的是施加在振动系统上的磁力。该磁力可以是电磁力，也可以是永磁体提供的磁力。
参考图4，调节装置为设置在音圈31上的磁部件32。在磁部件32振动方向上的两侧还相对固定有用于吸引磁部件32的第一磁区、第二磁区。第一磁区、第二磁区可以通过固定在支撑系统1上的磁铁来提供。第一磁区、第二磁区分别位于磁部件32的两侧，使得当磁部件32随着振动系统3振动时，磁部件32可以靠近第一磁区或者靠近第二磁区。
当磁部件32靠近第一磁区时，其远离第二磁区。因此磁部件32与第一磁区的吸引力变大，其与第二磁区的吸引力变小。磁部件32受到的总的吸引力便可以作为施加在振动系统上的作用力。
基于同样的原理，当磁部件32靠近第二磁区时，其远离第一磁区。因此磁部件32与第一磁区的吸引力变小，其与第二磁区的吸引力变大。磁 部件32受到的总的吸引力便可以作为施加在振动系统上的作用力。
可选地，当振动系统3位于平衡位置时，磁部件32受到第一磁区的吸引力等于其受到第二磁区的吸引力。以避免磁部件32受到的吸引力影响振动系统3的平衡位置。
在本发明一个具体的实施方式中，通过扬声器的磁路系统2提供第一磁区、第二磁区。
具体地，参考图4,磁路系统2的第一磁聚区21可以作为第一磁区使用，第二磁聚区22作为第二磁区使用。这样可以避免在扬声器单体上额外设置磁区。
磁部件32可以采用导磁材料颗粒与粘着剂的混合物，该混合物粘接在音圈31的下端。当然，磁部件32也可以选用任意的软磁材料，比如纯铁、镍、合金等；还可以采用自身带有磁性的永磁材料，比如铁氧体、贵金属合金等。
需要注意的是，当磁部件32采用永磁体时，需要保证磁部件32不会在第一磁聚区21、第二磁聚区22产生相互排斥的力。参考图12，可根据磁路系统的磁回路，在水平方向上布置磁部件32，例如使磁部件32的左侧为N极，右侧为S极。
磁部件32设置在音圈31上且位于第一磁聚区21、第二磁聚区22之间的位置，使得磁部件32在振动系统3有效的振动范围内，可以在第一磁聚区21、第二磁聚区22之间往复振动。
磁部件32同时受到第一磁聚区21、第二磁聚区22的吸引力，且该两个吸引力的方向相反。当磁部件32往其中一个磁聚区靠近时，其与该磁聚区的吸引力变大，与另一个磁聚区的吸引力变小。该磁部件32受到的总的吸引力即为调节装置施加在振动系统上的作用力。
磁部件32可以位于第一磁聚区21、第二磁聚区22的中间位置，也可以设置在偏离两个磁聚区中心的位置。确保当振动系统3位于平衡位置时，磁部件32受到第一磁聚区21的吸引力等于其受到第二磁聚区22的吸引力。在该设计下，可以优化磁部件32的尺寸，以保证该磁部件32可以安装在音圈31的底端。当然，如有必要，该磁部件32可以设置在音圈中，以保 证该磁部件32在平衡位置时其受到的两个磁区的总吸引力为0。
参考图5，当振动系统3受到安培力BLi往上振动时，振动系统3的弹性恢复力Kms(z)z方向向下。此时，音圈31下端的磁部件32靠近第一磁聚区21，而远离第二磁聚区22。磁部件32受到第一磁聚区21的吸引力大于其受到的第二磁聚区22的吸引力。因此，磁部件32受到的总吸引力Fmg主要受第一磁聚区21的影响，其方向朝上，与振动系统3的弹性恢复力Kms(z)z方向相反。且磁部件32越靠近第一磁聚区，其受到的总吸引力Fmg受第一磁聚区21的影响越大。
参考图6，当振动系统3受到安培力BLi往下振动时，振动系统3的弹性恢复力Kms(z)z方向向上。此时，音圈31下端的磁部件32靠近第二磁聚区22，而远离第一磁聚区21。磁部件32受到第二磁聚区22的吸引力大于其受到的第一磁聚区21的吸引力。因此，磁部件32受到的总吸引力Fmg主要受第二磁聚区22影响，其方向朝下，与振动系统3的弹性恢复力Kms(z)z方向相反。且磁部件32越靠近第二磁聚区22，其受到的总吸引力Fmg受第二磁聚区22的影响越大。
磁部件32可以设置有一个，分布在音圈31的底端或者音圈31中。可选地，为了优选设计，磁部件32可以设置有多个，分布在音圈31的底端或/和音圈中。
上述实施例中，虽然磁部件32设置有多个，但是该多个磁部件32依然位于第一磁聚区21、第二磁聚区22之间。
在本发明另一个具体的实施方式中，为了进一步提高设计的自由度，以达到Fmg和振动系统机械恢复力Kms(z)z更加接近，从而降低等效劲度系数Ke，可以在线圈的轴向设计两组以上的磁部件，通过分区设计，各部件的合力设计，会进一步得到优化，从而大幅降低等效劲度系数Ke。
具体地，参考图11，磁部件设置有两组，分别记为分离的第一磁部件321、第二磁部件320。其中第一磁部件321位于第一聚磁区21的外侧(上侧)，基本只受到第一聚磁区21的吸引。第二磁部件320位于第一聚磁区21、第二聚磁区22之间，且同时受到第一聚磁区21、第二聚磁区22的吸引。
当第一磁部件321、第二磁部件320随着振动系统振动时，第一磁部件321靠近第一聚磁区21，第二磁部件320远离第一聚磁区21并靠近第二聚磁区22；或者是，第一磁部件321远离第一聚磁区21，第二磁部件320靠近第一聚磁区21且远离第二聚磁区22。
这样的位置关系，使得第一磁部件321受到第一聚磁区21吸引力的方向，与第二磁部件320受到第一聚磁区21吸引力的方向相反，而与第二磁部件320受到第二聚磁区22吸引力的方向相同。
基于此，为了避免两个磁部件影响振动系统的平衡位置，在振动系统的平衡位置时，需要保证第一磁部件321、第二磁部件320受到第一磁聚区21、第二磁聚区22的总吸引力为0。即第一磁部件321受到第一磁聚区21的吸引力加上第二磁部件320受到第二磁聚区22的吸引力，等于第二磁部件320受到第一磁聚区21的吸引力。
当振动系统3受到安培力BLi向上运动时，振动系统3的弹性恢复力Fmg方向向下。由于第一磁部件321远离第一磁聚区21，第二磁部件320远离第二磁聚区22，因此，两个磁部件的总吸引力受第二磁部件320与第一磁聚区21的影响较大。反之亦然，在此不再具体说明。
基于与图4所示实施例相同的道理，第一磁部件321可设置在音圈31的顶端或音圈中；第二磁部件320可设置在音圈31的底端或者音圈中，在此不再具体说明。
另外，第一磁部件321、第二磁部件320可以分别设置有多个，分布在音圈的轴向方向上，保证第一磁部件321受第一磁聚区21的影响，第二磁部件320同时受到两个磁聚区的影响即可。另外，还需要保证振动系统平衡时，磁部件受到的磁力也需要达到平衡状态(受到的总吸引力为0)。
在此需要注意的是，本文中描述的平衡状态不仅指的是绝对平衡，还包括相对平衡。例如，由于设置了磁部件结构，振动系统的质量增加，这就可能需要考虑振动系统的相对平衡。
当然，如上文所述，该实施例中用于与第一磁部件321、第二磁部件320配合的第一磁区、第二磁区并不一定要采用第一磁聚区、第二磁聚区。可以在支撑系统1上设置另外的磁区，在此不再具体说明。
图10a至图10c列举了三种同一平面内磁部件的结构示意图。
例如在图10a示意出的实施例中，位于同一平面内的磁部件32设置有多个，分布在音圈31的周向方向上。当音圈31选用矩形结构时，磁部件32可设置有四个，分布在音圈31的四个拐角位置。
例如在图10b示意出的实施例中，位于同一平面内的磁部件32设置有多个，分布在音圈31的周向方向上。当音圈31选用矩形结构时，磁部件32可设置有四个，分布在音圈31四个侧壁的中心位置。
例如在图10c示意出的实施例中，磁部件32呈封闭的环状，且与音圈31的形状相匹配，例如可以装配在音圈31的顶端、底端或者音圈31中。
在此需要注意的是，图10a至图10c示意出的实施例，不但适用于图4示意出的实施方式，而且还适用于图11示出的实施方式，在此不再具体说明。
本发明的扬声器单体，振膜组件可以采用本领域技术人员所熟知的材质、结构。例如振膜组件可以选用平面的振膜33，或者具有折环结构的振膜33。振膜组件还可以包括球顶结构34，这属于本领域技术人员的公知常识，在此不再具体说明。
本发明的扬声器单体，磁路系统2可以采用单磁路结构、双磁路结构或者多磁路结构等本领域技术人员所熟知的结构。
图7示出了本发明单磁路结构(即仅包括一块磁铁)的磁路系统。参考图7，磁路系统包括具有侧壁部26的磁轭23，以及设置在磁轭23中心位置的中心磁铁24。中心磁铁24上方设置有中心华司25，在侧壁部26上设置有边华司27。边华司27与中心华司25之间形成了第一磁聚区21，即磁间隙。磁轭23上对应第一磁聚区21的位置为第二磁聚区22。其中，侧壁部26与磁轭23可以是一体的，也可以是装配的。
图8示出了本发明包含多块磁铁的磁路系统。参考图8，磁路系统包括呈板状的磁轭230，以及设置在磁轭230中部的中心磁铁240，设置在中心磁铁240上方的中心华司250。还包括设置在磁轭230上且环绕中心磁铁240的边磁铁260，在边磁铁260上设置有边华司270。边华司270与中 心华司250之间形成了第一磁聚区210，即磁间隙。磁轭230上对应第一磁聚区210的位置为第二磁聚区220。
图9示出了海尔贝克结构的磁路系统，由极化方向相互垂直的永磁体把磁场聚拢到磁间隙中，这种海尔贝克结构的磁路系统属于本领域技术人员的公知常识，在此不再具体说明。
在本发明一个具体的实施方式中，还提供了一种扬声器模组，其包括上述的扬声器单体。
在本发明另一个具体的实施方式中，还提供了一种电子设备，其包括上述的扬声器单体，或者包括上述的扬声器模组。也就是说，在电子设备中，扬声器可以以模组的方式组装到电子设备的壳体中，也可以以单体的形成组装到电子设备的壳体中。该电子设备可以是手机、MP3、MP4、平板电脑、耳机、可穿戴设备等，在此不再一一列举。
虽然已经通过例子对本发明的一些特定实施例进行了详细说明，但是本领域的技术人员应该理解，以上例子仅是为了进行说明，而不是为了限制本发明的范围。本领域的技术人员应该理解，可在不脱离本发明的范围和精神的情况下，对以上实施例进行修改。本发明的范围由所附权利要求来限定。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种扬声器单体，其特征在于：包括磁路系统以及与磁路系统配合在一起的振动系统；
    在所述振动系统上还设置有调节装置，所述调节装置被配置为：在振动系统的振动过程中始终为振动系统提供作用力，该作用力的方向与振动系统自身恢复力的方向相反。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器单体，其特征在于：所述调节装置提供的是施加在振动系统上的静电力或者磁力。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器单体，其特征在于：当振动系统处于平衡位置时，所述调节装置施加在振动系统上的总作用力为0。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器单体，其特征在于：在所述振动系统的振动过程中，所述调节装置施加在振动系统上的作用力Fmg(z)，正比于振动系统自身的恢复力Kms(z)z；其中z为振动系统的位移。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器单体，其特征在于：所述调节装置为设置在振动系统上的磁部件；在磁部件振动方向上的两侧还相对固定有用于吸引磁部件的第一磁区、第二磁区；所述磁部件被配置为随着振动系统的振动，在第一磁区、第二磁区之间运动，以靠近第一磁区或者靠近第二磁区。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的扬声器单体，其特征在于：所述振动系统位于平衡位置时，所述磁部件受到第一磁区的吸引力等于其受到第二磁区的吸引力。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的扬声器单体，其特征在于：所述磁路系统包括作为所述第一磁区的第一磁聚区，以及与第一磁聚区对应的作为所述第二磁区的第二磁聚区；所述振动系统包括振膜组件以及设置在振膜组件上的音圈，所述音圈与第一磁聚区配合在一起；所述磁部件设置在音圈上且位于第一磁聚区、第二磁聚区之间的位置。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的扬声器单体，其特征在于：所述振动系统位于平衡位置时，所述磁部件受到第一磁聚区的吸引力等于其受到第二磁 聚区的吸引力。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的扬声器单体，其特征在于：所述磁部件设置有一个，分布在音圈的底端或者音圈中；或者是，所述磁部件设置有多个，分布在音圈的底端或/和音圈中。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器单体，其特征在于：还包括在所述振动系统振动方向上排布的第一磁区、第二磁区；所述调节装置包括设置在振动系统上的磁部件，所述磁部件包括分离的第一磁部件、第二磁部件；所述第一磁部件位于第一磁区的外侧，且受到第一磁区的吸引；所述第二磁部件位于第一磁区、第二磁区之间，且同时受到第一磁区、第二磁区的吸引；
    当第一磁部件、第二磁部件随着振动系统振动时，所述第一磁部件靠近第一磁区，所述第二磁部件远离第一磁区并靠近第二磁区；或者是，所述第一磁部件远离第一磁区，所述第二磁部件靠近第一磁区且远离第二磁区。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的扬声器单体，其特征在于：所述磁路系统包括作为第一磁区的第一磁聚区，以及与第一磁聚区对应的且作为第二磁区的第二磁聚区；所述振动系统包括振膜组件以及设置在振膜组件上的音圈，所述音圈与第一磁聚区配合在一起；
    所述第一磁部件、第二磁部件设置在音圈上。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的扬声器单体，其特征在于：所述振动系统位于平衡位置时，所述第一磁部件、第二磁部件受到第一磁聚区、第二磁聚区的总作用力为0。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的扬声器单体，其特征在于：所述第一磁部件设置在音圈的顶端或音圈中；所述第二磁部件设置在音圈的底端或者音圈中。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的扬声器单体，其特征在于：所述第一磁部件、第二磁部件分别设置有多个，分布在音圈的轴向方向上。
  15. 根据权利要求5-14任一项所述的扬声器单体，其特征在于：所述磁部件采用导磁材料颗粒与粘着剂的混合物；或者采用软磁材料，或者 采用永磁材料。
  16. 根据权利要求5-14任一项所述的扬声器单体，其特征在于：所述磁部件呈封闭的环状，且与音圈的形状相匹配。
  17. 根据权利要求5-14任一项所述的扬声器单体，其特征在于：位于同一平面内的磁部件设置有多个，分布在音圈的周向方向上。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的扬声器单体，其特征在于：所述音圈呈矩形；同一平面内的磁部件设置有四个，分布在音圈的四个拐角位置或者设置在音圈的四个侧壁的中心位置。
  19. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器单体，其特征在于：所述磁路系统包括中心磁铁；或者，所述磁路系统包括中心磁铁以及设置在所述中心磁铁外侧的边磁铁。
  20. 一种扬声器模组，其特征在于：包括根据权利要求1至19任一项所述的扬声器单体。
  21. 一种电子设备，其特征在于：包括根据权利要求1至19任一项所述的扬声器单体；或者包括根据权利要求20所述的扬声器模组。
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