WO2020211779A1 - 一种指纹识别模组、屏组件和电子设备 - Google Patents

一种指纹识别模组、屏组件和电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020211779A1
WO2020211779A1 PCT/CN2020/084916 CN2020084916W WO2020211779A1 WO 2020211779 A1 WO2020211779 A1 WO 2020211779A1 CN 2020084916 W CN2020084916 W CN 2020084916W WO 2020211779 A1 WO2020211779 A1 WO 2020211779A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
led
screen assembly
fingerprint
image sensor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/084916
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
林娇
彭旭
万秀娟
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201910528102.3A external-priority patent/CN111832374A/zh
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to US17/604,678 priority Critical patent/US11625944B2/en
Priority to JP2021561762A priority patent/JP7371117B2/ja
Priority to KR1020217033289A priority patent/KR20210134042A/ko
Priority to EP20791779.0A priority patent/EP3926524A4/en
Publication of WO2020211779A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020211779A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/02—Constructional features of telephone sets
    • H04M1/0202—Portable telephone sets, e.g. cordless phones, mobile phones or bar type handsets
    • H04M1/026—Details of the structure or mounting of specific components
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • G06V40/12—Fingerprints or palmprints
    • G06V40/13—Sensors therefor
    • G06V40/1318—Sensors therefor using electro-optical elements or layers, e.g. electroluminescent sensing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/02—Constructional features of telephone sets
    • H04M1/0202—Portable telephone sets, e.g. cordless phones, mobile phones or bar type handsets
    • H04M1/026—Details of the structure or mounting of specific components
    • H04M1/0266—Details of the structure or mounting of specific components for a display module assembly
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M2250/00—Details of telephonic subscriber devices
    • H04M2250/12—Details of telephonic subscriber devices including a sensor for measuring a physical value, e.g. temperature or motion

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of fingerprint identification, and more specifically, to a fingerprint identification module, a screen assembly and an electronic device.
  • Under-screen optical fingerprint recognition is a kind of under-screen fingerprint recognition technology. Its working principle is: when the finger is placed on the terminal screen, the terminal can emit light signals to the finger. After the light signal is reflected by the fingerprint of the finger, the reflected light forms a fingerprint image on the sensor below the screen.
  • This application provides a fingerprint identification module, a screen assembly, and an electronic device, in order to reduce the interference of reflected light on fingerprint information, thereby improving the clarity of the fingerprint image.
  • a fingerprint identification module is provided.
  • the fingerprint identification module is configured under the screen assembly of the electronic device, and includes: a light emitting diode (LED), an image sensor, and a light shield.
  • the light-emitting surface of the LED is opposite to the bottom surface of the screen assembly and is used to emit light signals
  • the image sensor is located on one side of the LED, and the photosensitive surface of the image sensor is opposite to the bottom surface of the screen assembly and is used to receive light signals
  • the received light signal includes the fingerprint light signal emitted by the LED to the finger and returned, and the fingerprint light signal is used to generate a fingerprint image
  • part or all of the light shielding member is located between the LED and the image sensor to block part of the light emitted by the LED signal.
  • the fingerprint optical signal may refer to an optical signal carrying fingerprint information.
  • the fingerprint light signal includes: the light signal emitted from the LED to the inside of the finger, scattered and refracted through the inside of the finger, and the light signal emitted from the LED to the surface of the finger and reflected from the surface of the finger .
  • part of the light signal passes through the surface of the screen assembly and reaches the image sensor through one or more reflections.
  • This part of the light signal does not reach the finger and does not carry fingerprint information.
  • the fingerprint light signal produces interference.
  • the light signal that does not carry fingerprint information but reaches the image sensor is called stray light signal.
  • the fingerprint identification module provided in the embodiments of the present application can be applied to liquid crystal display (LCD) screens, and can also be applied to organic light-emitting diode (OLED) screens.
  • LCD liquid crystal display
  • OLED organic light-emitting diode
  • the application range of the module is not limited.
  • the large-angle light emitted by the LED is blocked, so that the stray light reaching the image sensor after at least one reflection on the surface of the screen assembly is reduced, thereby reducing the effect of stray light on fingerprint light.
  • Signal interference reduces the interference of stray light on fingerprint information, which helps to improve the clarity of fingerprint images.
  • the shading member is used to block the emission of the LED For the light signal whose exit angle is greater than ⁇ , ⁇ is a predefined value.
  • the signal light emitted by the LED can be controlled within a certain angle range.
  • the light-shielding member can block the light signal emitted by the LED from one direction, and can also block the light signal emitted by the LED from all around. Therefore, the maximum exit angle of the light signal emitted by the LED after being blocked by the shading member may be different in each direction.
  • the position and shape of the shading member can be designed so that the maximum exit angle of the light signal is the smallest on the plane passing the light-emitting center of the LED and the center of the image sensor AA, for example, as described above ⁇ .
  • ⁇ takes a value around half of the beam angle 2 ⁇ of the LED.
  • the radiation intensity of light is related to the exit angle.
  • the maximum exit angle ⁇ is in the range greater than ⁇ , more light signals can be included, that is, more energy can be included.
  • the maximum exit angle ⁇ is large, the distance between the image sensor and the LED will be longer (this can be seen by the calculation formula of the center distance L shown below), and the energy received by the image sensor will decrease.
  • the maximum exit angle ⁇ is within a range less than or equal to ⁇ , the energy loss received by the image sensor can be reduced, but the energy reaching the finger will be reduced.
  • the maximum emission angle ⁇ of the light signal can be designed to be ⁇ or a value near ⁇ on the plane passing the luminous center of the LED and the center of the image sensor AA, so as to reach the finger.
  • the balance between the energy and the energy reaching the image sensor can greatly improve the clarity of the fingerprint image.
  • the distance L between the light-emitting center of the LED and the center of AA of the image sensor satisfies: L ⁇ h ⁇ tan ⁇ +d ⁇ tan ⁇ '+d ⁇ tan ⁇ '+ t ⁇ tan ⁇ .
  • h represents the distance between the light-emitting surface of the LED and the lower surface of the screen assembly
  • d represents the distance between the upper surface and the lower surface of the screen assembly
  • t represents the photosensitive surface of the image sensor and the lower surface of the screen assembly
  • ⁇ represents the maximum exit angle that the light signal emitted by the LED can reach after being blocked by the shading member on the plane passing through the luminous center of the LED and the AA center of the image sensor
  • ⁇ ' represents the exit angle of the light signal with the incident angle ⁇ after being refracted on the surface of the screen assembly
  • ⁇ is 1/2 of the field of view angle of the image sensor
  • ⁇ ' representss the exit angle ⁇ when the light signal is refracted on the surface of the screen assembly Angle of incidence.
  • the distance L between the light emitting center of the LED and the AA center of the image sensor can be referred to as the center distance.
  • the result calculated from h ⁇ tan ⁇ + d ⁇ tan ⁇ ′+d ⁇ tan ⁇ ′+t ⁇ tan ⁇ is the critical value L 0 of the center distance L.
  • the distance L between the luminous center of the LED and the AA center of the image sensor satisfies: L ⁇ h ⁇ tan ⁇ +d ⁇ tan ⁇ '+d ⁇ tan ⁇ '+t ⁇ tan ⁇ + ⁇ , ⁇ represents the system tolerance .
  • the system tolerance can be, for example, an empirical value, or it can be based on the size of the system (in the embodiment of this application, the system can refer to the fingerprint recognition module), the assembly position in the electronic device, and the matching relationship with the assembly. determine.
  • This application does not limit the specific value and determination method of the system tolerance ⁇ .
  • the light-shielding member is a structural member with a light-passing hole, and the hole wall of the light-passing hole surrounds the light signal emitted by the LED from all sides to block the LED A part of the light signal emitted.
  • the light shielding member can block the light signal from one direction, and can also block the light signal from all around.
  • the light shielding member can be designed as a structural member with light through holes.
  • the hole wall of the light-passing hole faces the LED, and surrounds the light signal emitted by the LED from all sides. Therefore, a part of the optical signal with a smaller exit angle can be emitted from the light-passing hole, and a part of the optical signal with a larger exit angle is blocked by the light shielding member.
  • the surface of the shading member surrounding the light signal of the LED is coated with a light-absorbing material, or the shading member is made of a light-absorbing material.
  • the light shielding member When the light shielding member is used to block the optical signal, for example, the optical signal can be blocked by absorbing the optical signal. Therefore, the light-absorbing material can be coated on the surface of the light-shielding member that surrounds the light of the LED (that is, the surface facing the LED), or the light-absorbing material may be used to prepare the light-shielding member to achieve the effect of absorbing light signals.
  • the light-shielding member is integrated on the middle frame of the electronic device; the middle frame is located between the screen assembly and the fingerprint recognition module, and the middle frame is located on the corresponding LED
  • the area has a light-passing hole, and the wall of the light-passing hole surrounds the light signal emitted by the LED from all sides to block a part of the light signal emitted by the LED.
  • the function of the shading member can be realized by the middle frame of the electronic device.
  • a light-through hole may be provided in the area of the middle frame corresponding to the LED, so that the hole wall of the light-through hole can surround the light signal emitted by the LED from all sides, so as to achieve the effect of blocking a part of the light signal emitted by the LED.
  • the position of the light-through hole of the middle frame can be designed with reference to the center distance L described above.
  • the depth of the light hole of the middle frame can be designed with reference to the pre-defined maximum exit angle ⁇ and the aperture.
  • the fingerprint recognition module is carried on a bracket and fixed under the screen assembly through the bracket;
  • the bracket includes a main compartment and a sub-container, and the main compartment is used for
  • the sub-chamber is used for accommodating the LED
  • the shading member is integrated in the sub-chamber
  • the sub-chamber is a light-passing hole penetrating the thickness direction of the bracket, and the light-passing hole corresponds to the area of the LED.
  • the hole wall of the light-passing hole surrounds the light signal emitted by the LED from all sides, so as to block a part of the light signal emitted by the LED.
  • the bracket can be used to carry a fingerprint recognition module.
  • the bracket can be matched with the middle frame of the electronic device to fix the fingerprint recognition module carried by the bracket under the screen assembly.
  • the function of the above-mentioned light-shielding hole can also be realized by the bracket.
  • the sub-chamber of the bracket may be designed as a light-through hole penetrating the thickness direction of the bracket, and the hole wall of the light-through hole may surround the light signal emitted by the LED from all sides to achieve the effect of blocking a part of the light signal emitted by the LED.
  • the auxiliary bin of the bracket can be designed with reference to the center distance L described above.
  • the wall thickness of the sub-chamber (or the depth of the light hole) can be designed with reference to the predefined maximum exit angle ⁇ and aperture.
  • an electronic device in the second aspect, includes a screen assembly and a fingerprint recognition module; wherein, the fingerprint recognition module includes an LED, an image sensor, and a light shield.
  • the light-emitting surface of the LED is opposite to the bottom surface of the screen assembly and is used to emit light signals;
  • the image sensor is located on one side of the LED, and the photosensitive surface of the image sensor is opposite to the bottom surface of the screen assembly and is used to receive light signals;
  • the received light signal includes the fingerprint light signal emitted by the LED to the finger and returned, and the fingerprint light signal is used to generate a fingerprint image; part or all of the light shielding member is located between the LED and the image sensor to block part of the light emitted by the LED signal.
  • the fingerprint optical signal may refer to an optical signal carrying fingerprint information.
  • the fingerprint light signal includes: the light signal emitted from the LED to the inside of the finger, scattered and refracted through the inside of the finger, and the light signal emitted from the LED to the surface of the finger and reflected from the surface of the finger .
  • part of the light signal passes through the surface of the screen assembly and reaches the image sensor through one or more reflections.
  • This part of the light signal does not reach the finger and does not carry fingerprint information.
  • the fingerprint light signal produces interference.
  • the light signal that does not carry fingerprint information but reaches the image sensor is called stray light signal.
  • the screen component may be an LCD screen or an OLED screen, which is not limited in this application.
  • the electronic device realizes fingerprint recognition under the optical screen by arranging a fingerprint recognition module under the screen assembly.
  • a fingerprint recognition module under the screen assembly.
  • the large-angle light emitted by the LED is blocked, so that the stray light reaching the image sensor after at least one reflection on the surface of the screen assembly is reduced, thereby reducing the effect of stray light on the fingerprint light signal.
  • Interference that is, reduces the interference of stray light on fingerprint information, thereby helping to improve the clarity of the fingerprint image.
  • the shading member is used to block the emission angle of the LED from being greater than
  • the optical signal of ⁇ , ⁇ is a predefined value.
  • the signal light emitted by the LED can be controlled within a certain angle range.
  • the light-shielding member can block the light signal emitted by the LED from one direction, and can also block the light signal emitted by the LED from all around. Therefore, the maximum exit angle of the light signal emitted by the LED after being blocked by the shading member may be different in each direction.
  • the position and shape of the shading member can be designed so that the maximum exit angle of the light signal is the smallest on the plane passing the light-emitting center of the LED and the center of the image sensor AA, for example, as described above ⁇ .
  • ⁇ takes a value around half of the beam angle 2 ⁇ of the LED.
  • the radiation intensity of light is related to the exit angle.
  • the maximum exit angle ⁇ is in the range greater than ⁇ , more light signals can be included, that is, more energy can be included.
  • the maximum exit angle ⁇ is large, the distance between the image sensor and the LED will be longer, and the energy received by the image sensor will decrease.
  • the maximum exit angle ⁇ is within a range less than or equal to ⁇ , the energy loss received by the image sensor can be reduced, but the energy reaching the finger will be reduced.
  • the maximum emission angle ⁇ of the light signal can be designed to be ⁇ or a value near ⁇ on the plane passing the luminous center of the LED and the center of the image sensor AA, so as to reach the finger.
  • the balance between the energy and the energy reaching the image sensor can greatly improve the clarity of the fingerprint image.
  • the distance L between the light emitting center of the LED and the center of the image sensor AA satisfies: L ⁇ h ⁇ tan ⁇ +d ⁇ tan ⁇ '+d ⁇ tan ⁇ '+ t ⁇ tan ⁇ .
  • h represents the distance between the light-emitting surface of the LED and the lower surface of the screen assembly
  • d represents the distance between the upper surface and the lower surface of the screen assembly
  • t represents the photosensitive surface of the image sensor and the lower surface of the screen assembly
  • ⁇ represents the maximum exit angle that the light signal emitted by the LED can reach after being blocked by the shading member on the plane passing through the luminous center of the LED and the AA center of the image sensor
  • ⁇ ' represents the exit angle of the light signal with the incident angle ⁇ after being refracted on the surface of the screen assembly
  • ⁇ is 1/2 of the field of view angle of the image sensor
  • ⁇ ' representss the exit angle ⁇ when the light signal is refracted on the surface of the screen assembly Angle of incidence.
  • the distance L between the light emitting center of the LED and the AA center of the image sensor can be referred to as the center distance.
  • the result calculated from h ⁇ tan ⁇ +d ⁇ tan ⁇ ′+d ⁇ tan ⁇ ′+t ⁇ tan ⁇ is the critical value L 0 of the center distance L.
  • the distance L between the luminous center of the LED and the AA center of the image sensor satisfies: L ⁇ h ⁇ tan ⁇ +d ⁇ tan ⁇ '+d ⁇ tan ⁇ '+t ⁇ tan ⁇ + ⁇ , ⁇ represents the system tolerance .
  • the system tolerance can be, for example, an empirical value, or it can be based on the size of the system (in the embodiment of this application, the system can refer to the fingerprint recognition module), the assembly position in the electronic device, and the matching relationship with the assembly. determine.
  • This application does not limit the specific value and determination method of the system tolerance ⁇ .
  • the light-shielding member is a structural member with a light-through hole, and the hole wall of the light-through hole surrounds the light signal emitted by the LED from the surroundings for blocking Part of the light signal emitted by the LED.
  • the light shielding member can block the light signal from one direction, and can also block the light signal from all around.
  • the light shielding member can be designed as a structural member with light through holes.
  • the hole wall of the light-passing hole faces the LED, and surrounds the light signal emitted by the LED from all sides. Therefore, a part of the optical signal with a smaller exit angle can be emitted from the light-passing hole, and a part of the optical signal with a larger exit angle is blocked by the light shielding member.
  • the electronic device further includes a middle frame, the middle frame is located between the screen assembly and the fingerprint recognition module, and the shading member is integrated on the middle frame,
  • the middle frame has a light-through hole in a region corresponding to the LED, and the hole wall of the light-through hole surrounds the light signal emitted by the LED from all sides, so as to block a part of the light signal emitted by the LED.
  • the function of the shading member can be realized by the middle frame of the electronic device.
  • a light-through hole may be provided in the area of the middle frame corresponding to the LED, so that the hole wall of the light-through hole can surround the light signal emitted by the LED from all sides, so as to achieve the effect of blocking a part of the light signal emitted by the LED.
  • the position of the light-through hole of the middle frame can be designed with reference to the center distance L described above.
  • the depth of the light hole of the middle frame can be designed with reference to the pre-defined maximum exit angle ⁇ and the aperture.
  • the electronic device further includes a bracket on which the fingerprint identification module is carried, and the bracket fixes the fingerprint identification module below the screen assembly;
  • the The bracket includes a main bin and a sub bin.
  • the main bin contains the sensor, the shading member is integrated with the sub bin, the sub bin contains the LED, and the sub bin is a light hole penetrating the thickness direction of the bracket.
  • the light hole corresponds to the area of the LED, and the hole wall of the light through hole surrounds the light signal emitted by the LED from all sides, so as to block a part of the light signal emitted by the LED.
  • the bracket can be used to carry a fingerprint recognition module.
  • the bracket can be matched with the middle frame of the electronic device to fix the fingerprint recognition module carried by the bracket under the screen assembly.
  • the function of the above-mentioned light-shielding hole can also be realized by the bracket.
  • the sub-chamber of the bracket may be designed as a light-through hole penetrating the thickness direction of the bracket, and the hole wall of the light-through hole may surround the light signal emitted by the LED from all sides to achieve the effect of blocking a part of the light signal emitted by the LED.
  • the auxiliary bin of the bracket can be designed with reference to the center distance L described above.
  • the wall thickness of the sub-chamber (or the depth of the light hole) can be designed with reference to the predefined maximum exit angle ⁇ and aperture.
  • the hole wall and the hole end surface of the light through hole are blackened to absorb the received light signal.
  • the hole wall and hole end surface of the light-passing hole By blackening the hole wall and hole end surface of the light-passing hole, the hole wall and hole end surface of the light-passing hole have the function of absorbing light signals, thereby achieving the effect of blocking the emission of large-angle light signals.
  • the screen assembly includes a substrate, the substrate is located in the lowermost layer of the screen assembly, the bottom surface of the substrate is opposite to the fingerprint recognition module, and the top surface of the substrate And the lower surface is blackened to absorb the received light signal.
  • the upper and lower surfaces of the substrate at the bottom of the screen assembly are blackened to absorb the light signal reflected on the surface of the substrate, thereby reducing stray light to a greater extent and reducing the effect of stray light.
  • the interference of fingerprint information further improves the clarity of the fingerprint image.
  • the fingerprint identification module includes a plurality of LEDs, a plurality of light shielding members corresponding to the plurality of LEDs, and an image sensor; the plurality of LEDs and their corresponding A plurality of shading members are evenly distributed around the image sensor, and part or all of each shading member is located between the corresponding LED and the image sensor.
  • the fingerprint recognition module may include an image sensor, a plurality of LEDs, and a shading member used in conjunction with the plurality of LEDs.
  • the multiple LEDs and the light shielding member can be evenly distributed around the image sensor, so that the light signal reaching the image sensor has a relatively uniform light intensity.
  • the center distance L between each LED and the image sensor can be designed with reference to the above calculation formula for the center distance L.
  • the LED is an infrared LED.
  • infrared LEDs have strong penetrating power, light signals can reach the finger through the screen assembly, thereby realizing under-screen optical fingerprint recognition.
  • infrared LEDs have strong penetrating power, light signals can reach the finger through the screen assembly, thereby realizing under-screen optical fingerprint recognition.
  • infrared LEDs is only one possible implementation, and this application does not exclude the possibility of using other light sources capable of providing strong penetrating power to achieve fingerprint recognition under the optical screen.
  • the fingerprint recognition module further includes at least one lens, the at least one lens is located between the screen assembly and the image sensor, and the imaging center of the at least one lens It coincides with the AA center of the image sensor; the at least one lens is used for receiving light signals, and the light signals received by the at least one lens reach the image sensor after being converged.
  • the light signal reaching the lens reaches the image sensor after being converged by the lens. Therefore, the light signal received by the image sensor is stronger, which is conducive to obtaining a clear fingerprint image.
  • the distance L'between the light-emitting center of the LED and the imaging center of the at least one lens satisfies: L' ⁇ h ⁇ tan ⁇ +d ⁇ tan ⁇ '+d ⁇ tan ⁇ '+t' ⁇ tan ⁇ +CA/2.
  • h represents the distance between the light emitting surface of the LED and the lower surface of the screen assembly
  • d represents the distance between the upper surface and the lower surface of the screen assembly
  • t' represents the surface where the light exit hole of the at least one lens is located and the screen
  • ⁇ is a predefined value
  • ⁇ represents the maximum that the light signal emitted by the LED can reach after being shielded by the shading member on the plane passing through the light-emitting center of the LED and the AA center of the image sensor Exit angle
  • ⁇ ' represents the exit angle of the light signal with the incident angle ⁇ after being refracted on the surface of the screen assembly
  • CA represents the diameter of the light exit hole of the at least one lens
  • ⁇ is 1/2 of the field angle of the at least one lens
  • L is only defined to distinguish from the calculation formula of L
  • L' represents the distance between the light emitting center of the LED and the imaging center of the lens. Since the imaging center of the lens coincides with the AA center of the image sensor, it can also indicate the distance between the light emitting center of the LED and the AA center of the image sensor.
  • the distance L'between the light emitting center of the LED and the imaging center of at least one lens satisfies: L' ⁇ h ⁇ tan ⁇ +d ⁇ tan ⁇ '+d ⁇ tan ⁇ '+t' ⁇ tan ⁇ +CA/ 2+ ⁇ , ⁇ represents the system tolerance.
  • the system tolerance can be, for example, an empirical value, or it can be based on the size of the system (in the embodiment of this application, the system can refer to the fingerprint recognition module), the assembly position in the electronic device, and the matching relationship with the assembly. determine.
  • This application does not limit the specific value and determination method of the system tolerance ⁇ .
  • a screen assembly is provided.
  • the screen assembly is applied to an electronic device equipped with a fingerprint identification module.
  • the fingerprint identification module includes a light-emitting diode LED and an image sensor. The bottom surface of the screen assembly is illuminated by the LED.
  • the surface is opposite to the photosensitive surface of the image sensor;
  • the screen assembly includes a substrate and a reflective film, the substrate and the reflective film are arranged in a stack in a direction perpendicular to the light-emitting surface of the LED, and the substrate is located below the reflective film; It has one or more optical signal processing layers, the one or more optical signal processing layers are located between the upper surface of the substrate and the lower surface of the reflective film, and/or, on the lower surface of the substrate; the one or more The optical signal processing layer is used to process the received optical signal to reduce the reflection of the received optical signal.
  • the one or more optical signal processing layers include scattering particles.
  • the scattering particles can scatter the received light signal, so it can effectively reduce the reflection of the received light signal.
  • the one or more optical signal processing layers include ink, and the ink includes the scattering particles.
  • the aforementioned scattering particles may be attached to at least one of the following surfaces by spraying or plating processes: the upper surface, the lower surface of the substrate, and the lower surface of the reflective film.
  • the one or more optical signal processing layers described above are located on the upper surface of the substrate and the lower surface of the reflective film Between, and/or, on the lower surface of the substrate.
  • the scattering particles may not be able to perform the opening treatment when they are attached to the upper and/or lower surface of the substrate. Interface processing.
  • the one or more optical signal processing layers are located between the upper surface of the substrate and the lower surface of the reflective film.
  • the one or more optical processing signal layers include a layer of linear polarizer and a layer of quarter wave plate, and the linear polarizer is closer to the substrate than the quarter wave plate.
  • the upper surface is that the linear polarizer is closer to the substrate than the quarter wave plate.
  • the linear polarizer and the quarter-wave plate can be used to isolate the reflected light from above the reflective film.
  • the linear polarizer and the quarter-wave plate are located between the upper surface of the substrate and the lower surface of the reflective film in the area corresponding to the LED.
  • linear polarizers and quarter-wave plates Due to the high cost of linear polarizers and quarter-wave plates, they can be used in some areas to achieve effective use of linear polarizers and quarter-wave plates.
  • a linear polarizer and a quarter wave plate are placed between the substrate and the reflective film.
  • the linear polarizer and the quarter-wave plate are attached to the lower surface of the reflective film through a plating process.
  • the one or more optical signal processing layers include a homogenizing film.
  • the homogenizing film can transmit the light signal emitted by the LED, and at the same time has a scattering characteristic, and can reduce the reflection of the received light signal on the lower surface of the reflective film and the upper surface of the substrate.
  • the homogenizing film is laid flat between the substrate and the reflective film.
  • At least one of the one or more optical signal processing layers includes a light-absorbing material.
  • the light-absorbing material can absorb part of the stray light, thereby reducing the reflected light.
  • the at least one layer containing the light-absorbing material is attached to at least one of the interface two and the interface three by spraying or plating.
  • the area corresponding to the LED and the image sensor in the substrate needs to be opened, when the light-absorbing material is attached to the upper surface and/or the lower surface of the substrate, it can only be provided in the area where the opening is processed. Can be set on the entire interface. This application does not limit this.
  • the one or more optical signal processing layers include: at least one layer of scattering particles, one layer of linear polarizer, and one layer of quarter wave plate; or at least One layer of scattering particles and at least one layer of homogenizing film; or at least one layer containing light absorbing material, at least one layer of scattering particles, one layer of linear polarizer and one layer of quarter wave plate; or at least one layer containing light absorbing material, At least one layer of scattering particles and at least one layer of homogenizing film.
  • an electronic device including: the screen assembly in the third aspect and any one of the possible implementation manners of the third aspect, and a fingerprint identification module.
  • the fingerprint recognition module includes: LED and image sensor; the light-emitting surface of the LED is opposite to the lower surface of the screen assembly for emitting light signals; the image sensor is located on one side of the LED, and the photosensitive surface of the image sensor is The lower surface is opposite to each other and is used to receive light signals.
  • the light signals received by the image sensor include fingerprint light signals emitted to the finger and returned by the LED, and the fingerprint light signals are used to generate fingerprint images.
  • the fingerprint identification module further includes a light shielding member, part or all of the light shielding member is located between the LED and the image sensor to block a part of the light signal emitted by the LED.
  • the fingerprint recognition module included in the electronic device may be the fingerprint recognition module in any one of the first aspect and the first aspect.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a screen assembly used in an electronic device
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of fingerprint information obtained by a fingerprint identification module
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of light leakage
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a fingerprint identification module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is another schematic diagram of a fingerprint identification module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a shading member provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the relative positional relationship between the sensor and the LED provided by the embodiment itself;
  • FIG. 9 is another schematic diagram of a fingerprint identification module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a comparison diagram of effects obtained by using and not using a light shielding member in a fingerprint recognition module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is another schematic diagram of a fingerprint identification module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the relative positional relationship between a plurality of light source components and a lens module in a fingerprint identification module provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of an assembly of a fingerprint identification module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • 15 is another schematic diagram of assembly of the fingerprint identification module provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • 16 is another schematic diagram of assembly of the fingerprint identification module provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • 17 is a schematic diagram of stray light reaching the lens module through multiple reflections according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a plurality of LEDs, a plurality of shading members, and a plurality of lens modules in a fingerprint recognition module provided by an embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of a screen assembly provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of the reflection of the optical signal on the interface two and the interface three provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the size thus designed can be called the basic size.
  • the size after processing and assembly can be called the actual size.
  • the tolerance is the allowable variation of the actual parameter value.
  • the tolerance and basic size can define the two limit values that allow the actual size to change, namely the limit size.
  • the specific value of the tolerance may be predefined. This application does not limit the specific value of the tolerance.
  • the fingerprint identification module provided by this application is described in detail below in conjunction with a number of drawings.
  • the surface where the screen assembly is located is used as a reference surface to describe the relative positional relationship between the components.
  • the screen assembly includes multiple layers, the upper and lower surfaces of the screen assembly are parallel or approximately parallel.
  • the plane parallel to the screen assembly is referred to as the xoy plane.
  • the xoy plane When parallel to the screen assembly is mentioned in the text, it can mean parallel to the xoy plane; the direction perpendicular to the screen assembly is referred to as z-direction
  • the text refers to the vertical to the screen component, it can mean a plane passing through the z-direction, such as a yoz plane or a xoz plane.
  • the cross section perpendicular to the screen assembly is mentioned in many places.
  • the cross section perpendicular to the screen assembly refers to the direction perpendicular to the screen assembly through the LED
  • the cross section of the luminous center and the imaging center of the lens in the lens module is the yz plane shown in the following figures.
  • Beam angle The angle formed by the two sides where the light intensity reaches 10% or 50% of the normal light intensity is the beam angle.
  • the light intensity is the angle between the optical signals of 10% or 50% of the maximum light intensity.
  • the beam angle is recorded as 2 ⁇ , and a right cone with the light emitting center of the light source as the vertex can be formed by the light signal with the emission angle of ⁇ .
  • the angle formed by the right cone on any interface perpendicular to the bottom surface of the cone is the beam angle 2 ⁇ .
  • the beam angle is defined as the angle formed by the light intensity reaching 50% of the normal intensity
  • the intensity of the light signal emitted along the exit angle is 50% of the light intensity at the luminous center.
  • the light-emitting angle of infrared LEDs is generally larger, and the beam angle is distributed between 30° and 140°. If the beam angle is defined as the angle formed by the light intensity reaching 50% of the normal intensity, the beam angle of 30° can mean that when the exit angle of the light signal emitted by the infrared LED is 15°, The light intensity of the light signal is 50% of the light intensity of the light emitting center of the infrared LED.
  • the beam angle of 140° may mean that when the exit angle of the light signal emitted by the infrared LED is 70°, the light intensity of the light signal is 50% of the light intensity of the light emitting center of the infrared LED.
  • Field of view field of view, FOV: or angle of view (angle of view). Taking the lens of the optical instrument as the vertex, the angle formed by the two edges of the maximum range where the object image of the measured target can pass through the lens.
  • the field of view is a measure of the angular range of the image received by the photosensitive element.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the electronic device 100 may be, for example, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, an e-reader, a notebook computer, a vehicle-mounted device, or a wearable device.
  • FIG. 1 briefly illustrates the structure of the electronic device 100 using a mobile phone as an example of the electronic device 100.
  • the electronic device 100 includes a housing 10 and a screen assembly 20.
  • the housing 10 can be used to protect electronic equipment.
  • the housing 10 may specifically include a middle frame and a back cover.
  • the middle frame may include a frame exposed outside the electronic device 100 and an inner panel surrounded by the frame.
  • the middle frame is generally made of metal to ensure its good mechanical strength.
  • the screen assembly 20 is installed above the inner panel, and the back cover is installed below the inner panel.
  • the frame surrounds the periphery of the rear cover and the screen assembly 20. In other words, the screen assembly 20 and the back cover are respectively installed on both sides of the middle frame.
  • the screen assembly 20 When a user uses the electronic device 100, the screen assembly 20 generally faces the user and the back cover faces away from the user.
  • the electronic device 100 further includes a control module 30.
  • the control module 30 is housed in the electronic device 100 and is covered by the middle frame, the back cover and the screen assembly 20.
  • the control module 30 may include at least one communication interface, a bus, at least one processor, and at least one memory. At least one communication interface, at least one processor, and at least one memory can communicate with each other through a bus. At least one communication interface is used to receive and send data.
  • the screen assembly 20 can be connected to one or more communication interfaces, so that the control module 30 can activate the driving unit in the driving circuit 205 to trigger the driving signal.
  • the electronic device 100 further includes a fingerprint identification module 40.
  • the fingerprint recognition module 40 is housed in the electronic device 100 and located below the screen assembly 20, and is covered by the middle frame, the back cover and the screen assembly 20.
  • the fingerprint identification module 40 can be used to collect light signals and generate fingerprint images based on the received light signals.
  • the fingerprint identification module 40 is integrated in the screen assembly 20 and is a part of the screen assembly 20, in other words, the screen assembly 20 may include the fingerprint identification module 40.
  • the fingerprint identification module 40 and the screen assembly 20 may be two independent modules, and the screen assembly 20 may not include the fingerprint identification module 40. This application does not limit this. In the following embodiments only for ease of understanding and description, the fingerprint identification module 40 and the screen assembly 20 are defined as two independent modules.
  • the fingerprint identification module 40 can be connected to one or more communication interfaces to transmit the fingerprint image to the processor.
  • At least one memory is used to store program codes.
  • the program code includes fingerprint identification code.
  • At least one processor can be used to execute the above application code. For example, at least one processor can execute fingerprint recognition codes to realize fingerprint recognition.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a screen assembly 20 for an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 further illustrates the structure of the screen assembly 20 of the electronic device 100 shown in FIG. 1.
  • the screen assembly 20 may include, for example, a cover glass (CG) 201, an upper polarizer 202, a color film substrate 203, a liquid crystal (LC) layer 204, a driving circuit 205, a lower polarizer 206, and a light source.
  • the light emitting diode (LED) 230, the anti-reflection film 207, the light homogenizing layer 208, the light guide layer 209, the reflective film 210, and the substrate 211 are included.
  • the above-mentioned layers are stacked.
  • the above-mentioned components can be assembled by materials such as optically clear adhesive (OCA).
  • OCA optically clear adhesive
  • the reflective film 210 and the substrate 211 can block light from passing through the screen assembly 20 to the inside of the electronic device 100.
  • the base 211 may include, for example, an iron frame or the like.
  • the anti-reflection film 207, the light homogenizing layer 208, the light guide layer 209, the reflective film 210, the substrate 211, and the LED 230 may constitute a backlight module for providing a uniform surface light source for the screen assembly 20.
  • the LED 230 serves as a light source to provide light signals.
  • the light guide layer 209 evenly disperses the light signal incident from the LED 230 to the entire plane.
  • the homogenizing layer 208 makes the optical signal more uniform.
  • the anti-reflection film 207 increases the transmission intensity of the light signal emitted by the anti-reflection film 207.
  • the upper polarizer 202 and the lower polarizer 206 laminated on both sides of the liquid crystal layer 204 are used to change the polarization characteristics of the optical signal.
  • the driving circuit 205 disposed between the liquid crystal layer 204 and the lower polarized light 206 controls the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer 204 to transmit or opaque, that is, to control whether the light incident from the antireflection film 207 passes through the liquid crystal layer 204 to reach the screen assembly The area beyond 20 is received by human eyes.
  • a plurality of driving units may be provided on the driving circuit 205.
  • a driving unit may be one or more thin film transistors (TFT).
  • TFT thin film transistors
  • the driving circuit 205 controls the driving unit to be powered on, the light signal from the LED 230 can pass through the light guide layer 209, the light homogenizing layer 208, the antireflection film 207, the lower polarizer 206, the liquid crystal layer 204, the color film substrate 203, The upper polarizing plate 202 and the cover plate 201 reach the area outside the screen assembly 20.
  • TFT listed above is only one possible form of the driving unit, and should not constitute any limitation to this application.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of fingerprint information obtained by a fingerprint identification module.
  • the fingerprint identification module 40 can be deployed under the screen assembly.
  • the fingerprint identification module 40 can provide an optical signal for obtaining fingerprint information, and receive the optical signal returned by the finger to obtain the fingerprint information of the finger.
  • the screen assembly may be, for example, the screen assembly 20 shown in FIG. 2 or may be different from the screen assembly 20 shown in FIG. 2. This application does not limit this.
  • the fingerprint identification module 40 may include at least one LED 401 and at least one image sensor (hereinafter referred to as a sensor) 402.
  • the light-emitting surface of the LED 401 is opposite to the lower surface of the screen assembly 20, and is used to emit light signals.
  • the LED 401 is an infrared (infrared ray, IR) LED.
  • the LED 401 can also be other light sources that can provide light signals with strong penetrating power. This application does not limit this.
  • the sensor 402 is located on one side of the LED, and the photosensitive surface of the sensor 402 is also opposite to the lower surface of the screen assembly 20 for receiving light signals.
  • the LED 401 can be used to provide a light signal with strong penetrating power, the light signal can penetrate the screen assembly 20 to reach the finger.
  • the reflective film 210 in the screen assembly 20 described above emits light to the LED 401.
  • the reflection effect is not very significant. More precisely, the reflective film 210 is a layer of transmission mode for the LED 401.
  • the substrate 211 at the bottom of the screen assembly 20 does not transmit light, it may block the propagation of light signals in the direction above the screen assembly 20. If it is desired that the light signal penetrates the screen assembly 20 and enters the finger, opening processing can be performed at a position corresponding to the LED 501 so that the light signal can penetrate the screen assembly 20 and propagate upward. Similarly, if it is desired that the light signal returned from the finger penetrates the screen assembly 20 to reach the sensor 402, opening processing can be performed at a position corresponding to the sensor 402 so that the light signal can penetrate the screen assembly 20 and propagate downward.
  • the bottom surface of the screen assembly 20 at the position corresponding to the LED 401 is not the bottom surface of the substrate 211, but is exposed to the screen assembly 20 after the substrate 211 is removed.
  • the other layers on the lower surface are the reflective film 210 shown in FIG. 2. Therefore, the bottom surface of the screen assembly obtained after opening the substrate 211 of the screen assembly 20 can be referred to as a backlight surface. Since it is located at the bottom of the screen assembly 20, it can also be called the bottom of the backlight.
  • the bottom of the backlight is opposite to the upper surface of the LED 401 and the upper surface of the sensor 402.
  • the bottom of the backlight is not necessarily completely composed of the substrate of the screen assembly 200, and some parts are composed of other layers above the substrate.
  • the light signal from the LED 401 is irradiated on the finger through the screen assembly 20.
  • Part of the light signal can pass through the skin surface of the finger and enter the inside of the finger, and the light signal can spread inside the finger through scattering, refraction, etc.
  • a part of the light signals can be refracted and scattered by the skin surface and return to the screen assembly 20, and finally reach the sensor 402. Since the fingerprint of a finger may include ridges (or ridges) and valleys (or valleys), the light signal reaching the sensor 402 will have a difference in brightness and darkness, so that the fingerprint of the finger can be extracted.
  • the brighter light signal reaching the sensor 402 may correspond to the ridges of a finger, and the darker light signal reaching the sensor 402 may correspond to the valleys of the finger. Therefore, the light signal read by the sensor 402 is the light signal returned from the finger, and the light signal may mainly include: the light signal emitted by the LED 401 into the finger and refracted and scattered after being propagated inside the finger.
  • the optical signal may also include a part of the optical signal reflected by the LED 401 after being emitted to the finger surface.
  • the area on the upper surface of the screen assembly 20 for receiving the light signal returned by the finger may be referred to as an image capturing area.
  • the light signal returned by the finger can enter the screen assembly 20 through the imaging area on the upper surface of the screen assembly 20 and then reach the sensor 402.
  • the optical signal reaching the sensor 402 can be used to obtain fingerprint information, and the optical signal used to obtain the fingerprint information can be converted into an electrical signal to generate a fingerprint image.
  • the fingerprint image is a manifestation of fingerprint information.
  • the fingerprint image may be sent to a processor, such as at least one processor in the control module 30 shown in FIG. 1 above, so as to realize fingerprint recognition.
  • the fingerprint optical signal is the optical signal that carries fingerprint information.
  • the fingerprint light signal can be used to obtain fingerprint information and generate a fingerprint image. It is understandable that when the fingerprint optical signal propagates downward through the screen assembly, it may also be reflected at the interface, and part of the optical signal is lost. In other words, not all light signals returned from the surface of the finger reach the sensor. But this does not affect the sensor's collection of fingerprint light signals.
  • the image capturing area illustrated in FIG. 3 is only for ease of understanding, and should not constitute any limitation on the size of the area.
  • the surface of the finger can be in contact with the image capturing area in order to accurately obtain the fingerprint information of the finger.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows the relative positional relationship between the imaging area, the sensor 402 and the LED 401, and the optical signal (for example, the optical signal a) in the a) in FIG. 3 is emitted by the LED 401
  • the optical signal for example, the optical signal a
  • the light signal received by the sensor 402 is the light signal returned from the finger, which can specifically include: the light signal emitted by the LED 401 into the finger and propagated inside the finger and then refracted and scattered, and the light signal received by the LED 401 is a light signal that is reflected back after being emitted to the surface of the finger.
  • the optical signal a shown in a) in FIG. 3 is an example of a fingerprint optical signal.
  • the light signal a is refracted by the surface of the finger and enters the inside of the finger. After scattering inside the finger, part of the light signal returns to the screen assembly 20, and a large part of the light signal enters the imaging area on the screen assembly 20 It can reach the sensor and generate a fingerprint image.
  • FIG. 3 only schematically shows the optical signal transmitted from the LED to the inside of the finger, and the light path direction of the light path returned by the finger after propagation.
  • This application deals with the actual propagation path of the optical signal and the incident to the inside of the finger. The number of optical signals is limited.
  • a) in FIG. 3 does not show the optical path direction of the light signal a emitted from the LED to the surface of the finger and reflected to the sensor. But this should not constitute any limitation to this application.
  • the fingerprint recognition module 40 further includes at least one lens 403.
  • the at least one lens 403 may include, for example, 3 lenses (3pieces lens, 3p Lens), and the lens described here may be, for example, a convex lens.
  • the at least one lens 403 can be disposed between the sensor 402 and the screen assembly 20.
  • the imaging center of the at least one lens 403 coincides with the center of the active area (AA) on the photosensitive surface of the sensor 402.
  • the at least one lens 403 can be used to receive fingerprint optical signals, and the optical signals reach the sensor 402 after being converged by the at least one lens 403. Therefore, by arranging at least one lens 403 between the sensor 402 and the screen assembly 20, the optical signal can be converged to the sensor 402, thereby improving the clarity of the fingerprint image.
  • FIG. 3 is only for ease of understanding and schematically shows a convex lens, but this should not constitute any limitation to the application. This application does not limit the number and types of lenses included in the at least one lens 403.
  • the field angle of the lens 403 and the area that can be reached by the optical signal incident into the screen assembly 20 along the direction of the field angle are shown by dotted lines in FIG. 3.
  • the optical signal When the light signal is emitted by the LED 401 and propagates outward through the screen assembly 20, interface emission occurs.
  • the optical signal may be reflected at the cover glass 201 of the screen assembly 20.
  • the optical signal may be reflected at the interface inside the screen assembly 20, such as the interface between the lower polarizer 206 and the antireflection film 207.
  • the reflected light may enter the imaging area due to a large incident angle, or may enter the imaging area after multiple reflections with the interface, which interferes with the acquisition of fingerprint information.
  • FIG. 3 shows the optical signal b.
  • the optical signal b is reflected on the upper surface of the cover glass 201 of the screen assembly 20, the reflected optical signal enters the image capturing area due to its large incident angle.
  • the light intensity of the reflected light signal is relatively large, and strong light leakage may be formed on the sensor 402.
  • FIG. 4 shows the light leakage phenomenon caused by the reflected light signal entering the imaging area.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the test target located above the screen assembly 20 after receiving the light signal from the LED 401. Because part of the light signal is reflected on the screen assembly 20, but fails to penetrate the screen assembly 20 to reach the test target, light leakage occurs. It can be seen from Figure 4 that light leakage causes partial overexposure of the image on the test target, and the area used to identify fingerprint information in the image is partially lost, which is not conducive to obtaining the information of each area of the finger fingerprint and affecting the collection of fingerprint information.
  • the light signal that reaches the sensor reflected by the surface of the screen assembly and the interfaces between the layers inside the screen assembly is called stray light. Stray light interferes with the light signal returning from the finger and reaching the sensor, affecting the acquisition of fingerprint information, affecting the clarity of the fingerprint image, and thus may affect the effect of fingerprint recognition. It should be understood that the reflection mentioned here is not limited to one time. Some light signals may reach the sensor after multiple reflections. As shown in Figure 17 below, these light signals are also part of stray light.
  • the present application provides a fingerprint identification module to reduce stray light interference, thereby reducing the impact on fingerprint information and improving the clarity of fingerprint images.
  • the fingerprint identification module provided by the embodiment of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the fingerprint identification module provided by the present application is not limited to the LCD screen shown in FIG. 2 above, and can also be applied to OLED screens. In other words, the screen assembly mentioned in the embodiment of the present application may be an LCD screen or an OLED screen. This application does not limit the application scope of the fingerprint identification module.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a fingerprint identification module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 specifically shows the fingerprint identification module 50.
  • the fingerprint recognition module 50 may include at least one LED 501, at least one sensor 502, and at least one light shielding member. It should be understood that the figure is only an example, and one LED 501, one sensor 502, and one light shielding member 504 are shown. But this should not constitute any limitation to this application. This application does not limit the number of LEDs, sensors, and shading parts.
  • the light-emitting surface of the LED 501 is opposite to the lower surface of the screen assembly 20, and is used to emit light signals in the direction of the screen assembly 20.
  • the sensor 502 is located on the side of the LED 501.
  • the photosensitive surface of the sensor 502 is opposite to the lower surface of the screen assembly 20 and can be used to receive light signals.
  • the optical signal received by the sensor 502 may include the fingerprint optical signal emitted by the LED 501 to the finger and returned to generate a fingerprint image.
  • the field of view of the sensor 502 and the area that can be reached by the light signal incident into the screen assembly 20 along the direction of the field of view are shown by dotted lines in FIG. 5.
  • the shading member 504 is arranged in the vicinity of the LED 501. Part or all of the light shielding member 504 is located between the LED 501 and the sensor 502 to block a part of the light signal emitted by the LED 501.
  • FIG. 5 shows an example in which all of the light shielding member 504 is located between the LED 501 and the sensor 502. But this should not constitute any limitation to this application.
  • FIG. 9 and FIG. 11 to FIG. 17 below all show a schematic diagram of a part of the light shielding member 504 between the LED 501 and the sensor 502.
  • the light shielding member 504 is provided in the area near the LED 501, the large-angle light emitted by the LED is blocked, so that the stray light reaching the sensor 502 after at least one reflection on the surface of the screen assembly 20 is reduced, thereby reducing the effect of stray light.
  • the interference of the fingerprint light signal is to reduce the interference of stray light on the fingerprint information, thereby helping to improve the clarity of the fingerprint image.
  • the exit angle of the light signal emitted by the LED 501 is less than or equal to the predefined angle ⁇ described above.
  • the light shielding member 504 can be used to block the light signal emitted by the LED 501 with an exit angle greater than ⁇ . That is to say, after being blocked by the light-shielding member 504, on the plane passing through the light-emitting center of the LED 501 and the AA center of the sensor 501, the maximum exit angle of the light signal emitted by the LED 501 is ⁇ .
  • the predefined angle ⁇ may be a value around half of the beam angle 2 ⁇ of the LED 501, that is, the predefined angle ⁇ may be ⁇ or a value near ⁇ . This is because the radiation intensity of the LED lamp is related to the exit angle. Specifically, when the maximum exit angle ⁇ is within a range greater than ⁇ , more light signals can be included, that is, more energy can be included. However, when the maximum exit angle ⁇ is large, the distance between the image sensor and the LED will be longer (this can be seen by the calculation formula of the center distance L shown below), and the energy received by the image sensor will decrease.
  • the maximum exit angle ⁇ is within a range less than or equal to ⁇ , the energy loss received by the image sensor can be reduced, but the energy reaching the finger will be reduced. Therefore, by designing the position and shape of the light-shielding member, the maximum emission angle ⁇ of the light signal can be designed to be ⁇ or a value near ⁇ on the plane passing the luminous center of the LED and the center of the image sensor AA, so as to reach the finger. The balance between the energy and the energy reaching the image sensor can greatly improve the clarity of the fingerprint image.
  • the maximum output angle of the LED mentioned below may refer to the maximum value of the output angle that the light signal emitted by the LED can reach after being blocked by the light shield. In the following, for brevity, the description of the same or similar situations is omitted.
  • the upper surface of the LED 501 shown in FIG. 5 is opposite to the lower surface of the screen assembly 20.
  • the upper surface of the LED 501 is a light-emitting surface.
  • the upper surface of the sensor 502 is opposite to the lower surface of the screen assembly 20.
  • the upper surface of the sensor 502 is a photosensitive surface.
  • all can be regarded as the light emitting surface of the LED; when describing the upper surface of the sensor, all can be regarded as the photosensitive surface of the sensor.
  • the fingerprint identification module 50 further includes at least one lens located between the screen assembly 20 and the sensor 502, and the imaging center of the at least one lens coincides with the AA center of the sensor 502.
  • the at least one lens can be used to receive optical signals, and the optical signals reach the sensor 502 after being converged by the at least one lens.
  • the at least one lens can be used in conjunction with a sensor.
  • the above-mentioned sensor and at least one lens can be defined as a lens module, that is, the lens module includes a sensor; in another possible design, the above-mentioned at least one lens can be defined as a lens module, namely , The lens module and sensor are defined separately. In this application, the sensor and at least one lens are defined as a lens module. However, it should be understood that this is only a difference in definition and does not constitute any limitation to this application.
  • the at least one lens is used to converge light so as to obtain a fingerprint image with higher definition.
  • the sensor can also generate a fingerprint image based on the received light signal. Therefore, the fingerprint recognition module may not include the above-mentioned at least one lens, but only a sensor.
  • the fingerprint recognition module including the lens module as an example, multiple schematic diagrams of the fingerprint recognition module are shown. If the fingerprint recognition module does not include the above-mentioned at least one lens, the lens module can be replaced with a sensor unless otherwise specified.
  • the fingerprint identification module In order to more clearly describe the fingerprint identification module provided by the embodiment of the present application, the fingerprint identification module will be further described below with reference to several examples in FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 6 is another schematic diagram of a fingerprint identification module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the fingerprint recognition module 50 may include at least one LED 501, at least one lens module 505, and at least one shading member 504.
  • each lens module 505 may include a sensor 502 and at least one lens 503.
  • the at least one LED 501, the at least one lens module 505, and the at least one shading member 504, refer to the relevant description above in conjunction with FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 6 shows the field angle of the lens 503 in the lens module 505 and the area that can be reached by the optical signal incident into the screen assembly 20 along the direction of the field angle by the dotted line.
  • LED 501 can be used to provide a light source.
  • the light emitting surface of the LED 501 is opposite to the lower surface of the screen assembly 20, so as to emit light signals in a direction toward the screen assembly 20.
  • the LED 501 is an infrared LED.
  • the LED 501 can emit a light signal, and the light signal can penetrate the screen assembly 20 to reach the finger.
  • the lens module 505 is located on one side of the LED 501. At least one lens 503 in the lens module 505 is used to receive fingerprint optical signals, and the optical signals reach the sensor 502 after being converged by at least one lens 503. So simply, the sensor 502 can be used to receive fingerprint light signals.
  • the shading member 504 can be placed close to the LED 501.
  • the side facing the LED 501 can be used to absorb part of the light signal emitted by the LED 501.
  • the side of the light-shielding member 504 facing the LED 501 is designed to absorb the light signal whose emission angle is greater than the predefined angle (ie, the above-mentioned ⁇ ).
  • the side surface of the light shielding member 504 facing the LED 501 is recorded as the first surface, and the light signal whose exit angle is greater than the predefined angle ⁇ is recorded as the large-angle exit light.
  • the first surface of the shading member 504 is coated with a light-absorbing material.
  • the light shielding member 504 is made of a light-absorbing material. This application does not limit the specific manufacturing process and materials of the shading member 504. As long as the surface of the light-shielding member 504 facing the LED 501 has a light-absorbing effect.
  • the number of the LED 501 and the lens module 505 included in the fingerprint identification module 50 are both one.
  • the shading member 504 can be designed to absorb the light signal whose exit angle is greater than the predefined angle and close to the lens module 505, so as to reduce the large-angle exit light from the LED 501, thereby avoiding a large number of light signals from being reflected by the screen assembly 20 It reaches the lens module 505 and interferes with the fingerprint light signal.
  • the light-shielding member 504 can be designed to block the large-angle light emitted by the LED 501 in a certain direction (such as the direction close to the lens module 505), or it can be designed to block a large-angle portion of the LED 501 Outgoing light; the shading member 504 can also be designed to block the LED 501 emitting light at a large angle in various directions, or in other words, it can be designed to block all the large angle emitting light of the LED 501.
  • A) to c) in FIG. 6 show several examples of the light shielding member 504.
  • the light shielding member 504 shown in FIG. 6 can be used to block the large-angle light emitted by the LED 501 in the direction close to the sensor 502. Therefore, the shading member 504 may be in the shape of a flat plate, a circular arc plate, or the like. The relative positional relationship between the LED 501 and the shading member 504 will be described below in conjunction with a) to c) in FIG. 6.
  • the distance between the lower surface of the shading member 504 and the upper surface of the LED 501 is h1
  • the height of the shading member 504 Is h2
  • the distance between the light emitting center of the LED 501 and the first surface of the shading member 504 is w1
  • the minimum distance between the side surface of the LED 501 close to the lens module and the first surface of the shading member 501 is w2.
  • the first surface of the shading member 504 is perpendicular to the upper surface of the LED 501.
  • the light shielding member 504 is located in an area above the upper surface of the LED 501. There is a gap between the lower surface of the light shielding member 504 and the upper surface of the LED 501, that is, h1 as described above.
  • the design of the spacing h1 can be based on reliability considerations to prevent the shading member 504 from colliding with the upper surface of the LED 501 and damaging the LED 501. Therefore, the distance h1 can be greater than or equal to the safe avoidance distance h 0 .
  • the radiation intensity of LED lights is related to the angle of emission.
  • the size of the predefined value ⁇ may also be artificially defined.
  • the height h2 of the shading member 504 can be further designed.
  • the first surface of the light shielding member 504 is perpendicular to the upper surface of the LED 501.
  • the light-shielding member 504 is located on one side of the LED 501, and there is a gap between the first surface of the light-shielding member 504 and the side surface of the LED 501, and the minimum value of the gap is the aforementioned w2.
  • the reason why w2 is called the minimum distance here is because the present application does not limit the shape of the LED 501, for example, it may be cylindrical, cubic, rectangular or other irregular shapes.
  • the distance between the side surface and the first plane is certain, that is, w2; when the LED 501 is close to the sensor 502
  • the side surface is not flat, such as when the shape of the LED 501 is cylindrical or the like, the distance between the points on the side surface of the LED 501 close to the sensor 502 and the first surface may be different.
  • w2 as the minimum distance between the side surface of the LED 501 close to the sensor 502 and the first surface of the shading member 501.
  • the design of the minimum distance w2 can also be based on reliability considerations, so as to prevent the shading member 504 from colliding with the side of the LED 501 and damaging the LED 501. Therefore, the distance w2 can also be greater than or equal to the safe avoidance distance h 0 .
  • the height h2 of the shading member 504 can be further designed.
  • the first surface of the shading member 504 is not necessarily perpendicular to the upper surface of the LED 501.
  • the shading member 504 may be trapezoidal in a cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the direction of the screen assembly (for example, in the Yoz plane). That is, there is an inclination angle of less than 90° between the first surface of the light shielding member 504 and the upper surface of the LED 501.
  • the safety clearance distance between the shading member 504 and the LED 501 still needs to be considered. Since the first surface of the shading member 504 shown in c) in FIG. 6 may collide with the side of the LED 501 close to the lens module 505, the minimum distance between the side and the first surface can be designed to be greater than or equal to safe avoidance distance.
  • c) in FIG. 6 shows that the relative positional relationship between the first surface of the light shielding member 504 and the LED 501 is only an example, and should not constitute any limitation to the application.
  • a) to c) in FIG. 6 only show examples of the cross section of the light shielding member 504 in the direction perpendicular to the screen assembly 20.
  • the application does not limit the shape of the shading member 504.
  • FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view and a top view of the light shielding member 504.
  • FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of the shading member 504 in a direction perpendicular to the screen assembly 20.
  • the figure shows a cross-sectional view of the shading member 504 on the yz plane.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the shading member 504 on the Yoz plane can be rectangular, square, stepped, trapezoidal, or the like. For the sake of brevity, I will not list them all here. However, it is understandable that no matter what the shape of the cross-section of the shading member 504 on the Yoz plane is, the maximum exit angle of the LED 501 can be determined by the position of the intersection of the upper surface of the shading member 504 and the first surface.
  • FIG. 7 shows a top view of the light-shielding member 504 when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the screen assembly 20.
  • the shading member 504 can be square, rectangular, or arc-shaped. For the sake of brevity, I will not list them all here.
  • the relative position relationship between the sensor 502 and the LED 501 can be further designed.
  • the sensor 502 does not want to receive the reflected light from the screen assembly 20, so the sensor 502 can be placed as far away from the LED 501 as possible. But if the distance between the sensor 502 and the LED 501 is too far, the intensity of the received fingerprint light signal is weak. Therefore, it is desirable to be able to determine the distance between the sensor 502 and the LED 501 to obtain a balance between the intensity of the fingerprint light signal and the amount of stray light.
  • FIG. 8 further shows the relative positional relationship between the lens module 505 and the LED 501.
  • the lens module 505 is shown as a whole in FIG. 8, and at least one lens 503 and sensor 502 are not shown separately.
  • FIG. 8 specifically shows the relationship between the center distance L'of the lens module 505 and the LED 501 and various parameters.
  • the center distance L' may specifically refer to the distance between the light emitting center of the LED 501 and the imaging lens center of the lens in the lens module 505. It should be understood that the definition of L is only defined for ease of understanding. Based on the same concept, those skilled in the art can make equivalent substitutions or mathematical transformations to the definition of L'. These substitutions or mathematical transformations should fall within the protection scope of this application.
  • the distance between the upper surface of the LED 501 and the lower surface of the screen assembly 20 is h.
  • the diameter of the light exit hole (or called the clear aperture) of the imaging lens surface of the lens in the lens module 505 is CA.
  • the FOV of the imaging lens of the lens in the lens module 505 is 2 ⁇ .
  • the distance between the light exit hole of the lens surface and the lower surface of the screen assembly 20 is t'.
  • the distance between the upper surface and the lower surface of the screen assembly 20 is d.
  • the maximum incident angle of the light signal emitted by the LED 501 reaching the lower surface of the screen assembly 20 is related to the maximum emission angle of the LED 501.
  • the maximum emission angle of the LED 501 is ⁇
  • the LED 501 emits
  • the maximum incident angle of the light signal reaching the lower surface of the screen assembly 20 is ⁇ . Since the optical signal is refracted after entering the screen assembly 20, the incident angle of the optical signal upon reaching the upper surface of the screen assembly 20 changes, for example, it is recorded as ⁇ '.
  • the maximum incident angle of the optical signal emitted from the lower surface of the screen assembly 20 to the lens module 505 is ⁇ . Due to the refraction of the optical signal in different media, the incident angle of the optical signal from the upper surface of the screen assembly 20 to the lower surface is different from ⁇ , for example, it is recorded as ⁇ ′.
  • the light exit hole of the imaging lens surface of the lens in the lens module 505 may refer to, for example, the light exit hole of the imaging lens surface of the lens closest to the screen assembly 20. If the screen assembly 20 is located above the lens module 505, the lens closest to the screen assembly 20 may refer to the uppermost lens among the plurality of lenses included in the lens module 505. It should be understood that the definition of the light exit hole on the imaging lens surface of the lens closest to the screen assembly 20 as the light exit hole on the imaging lens surface of the lens in the lens module 505 is only a possible implementation, and should not constitute anything in this application. limited.
  • the critical point at which the lens module 505 can receive the optical signal from the screen assembly 20 is: the optical signal emitted by the LED 501 enters the screen assembly 20 at an incident angle ⁇ , and enters the lens module 505 at an incident angle ⁇ . That is to say, if the optical signal emitted by the LED 501 enters the screen assembly 20 at an incident angle smaller than ⁇ , or is emitted from the screen assembly 20 at an emergence angle smaller than ⁇ , the lens module 505 cannot receive the optical signal.
  • the calculated value can be understood as the critical value of the center distance between the lens module 505 and the LED 501, for example, denoted as L 0 ′.
  • the distance L between the luminous center of the LED and the AA center of the image sensor satisfies: L' ⁇ h ⁇ tan ⁇ +d ⁇ tan ⁇ '+d ⁇ tan ⁇ '+t' ⁇ tan ⁇ +CA/2+ ⁇ , ⁇ represents the system tolerance.
  • the system tolerance ⁇ may be, for example, an empirical value, or it may be based on the size of the system (in the embodiment of the present application, the system may refer to the fingerprint recognition module), the assembly position in the electronic device, and the matching relationship with the assembly, etc. to make sure. This application does not limit the specific value and determination method of the system tolerance ⁇ .
  • the optical signal that the lens module 505 hopes to receive is the optical signal returned by the finger, such as the above-mentioned optical signal emitted by the LED 501 to the inside of the finger, refracted and scattered after being propagated inside the finger, And the light signal emitted by the LED 501 to the surface of the finger and reflected from the surface of the finger.
  • the lens module 505 does not want to receive the optical signals emitted from the upper and lower surfaces of the screen assembly 20 and the cross-sections in the screen assembly 20. These optical signals are the stray light mentioned above, which interferes with the collection of fingerprint information. .
  • the optical signal a for which fingerprint information can be obtained is shown with a thin line
  • the optical signal b for which fingerprint information cannot be obtained is shown with a thick line.
  • the optical signal a and the optical signal b are only examples, and no limitation should be imposed on the number, propagation path, and intensity of the optical signal.
  • the field angle of the lens in the lens module 505 and the area that can be reached by the optical signal incident into the screen assembly 20 along the direction of the field angle are shown by dotted lines in FIG. 8.
  • a), b) and c) in the figure use the same LED 501, shading member 504, lens module 505 and screen assembly 20. Except for the movement of lens module 505, the relative relationship between other devices The location remains unchanged.
  • the light-emitting center of the LED 501 is used as a reference in the figure, and the reference is shown by a dotted line.
  • FIG. 8 shows a case where the center distance L′ between the light emitting center of the LED 501 and the imaging center of the lens module 505 is equal to the critical value L 0 ′.
  • the light signal c shown in the figure is the light signal with the maximum exit angle that can be emitted from the light shielding member 504.
  • the exit angle is ⁇ .
  • the optical signal c enters the lens module 505 exactly along the maximum incident angle ⁇ of the lens module 505 after being reflected by the screen assembly 20.
  • the lens module 505 is moved closer to the LED 501, as shown by the dotted line in b) of FIG.
  • the lens surface of the lens module 505 moves to the left, and the corresponding imaging area also moves to the left.
  • the reflected light that did not originally enter the image capturing area enters the image capturing area, so that the reflected light that did not originally enter the lens surface enters the lens surface.
  • optical signal c there may be more optical signals with an emission angle smaller than ⁇ that are reflected by the screen assembly 20 to reach the lens module 505. This is equivalent to allowing a part of the light signal (that is, the above-mentioned stray light) reflected back from the LED 501 to the screen assembly 20 to enter the lens module 505.
  • the center distance between the lens module 505 and the LED 501 is greater than or equal to the critical value L 0 ′
  • these optical signals are outside the imaging lens and will not be received by the lens module 505, but in the lens module
  • the center distance between the group 505 and the LED 501 is reduced, the group 505 enters the range of the imaging lens and is received by the lens module 505. Therefore, when the center distance L′ between the lens module 505 and the LED 501 is smaller than the critical value L 0 ′, the amount of stray light received by the lens module 505 will increase.
  • the lens module 505 If the distance between the lens module 505 and the LED 501 is greater than the critical value L 0 ′, the amount of stray light received by the lens module 505 can be reduced.
  • the lens module 505 is moved away from the LED 501, as shown by the dashed line in c) in FIG.
  • the lens surface of the lens module 505 moves to the right, and the corresponding imaging area also moves to the right.
  • the optical signal with the output angle ⁇ (the optical signal c in the figure) will not enter the imaging area, and it is unlikely to be received by the lens module 505.
  • the center distance L′ between the lens module 505 and the LED 501 is greater than the critical value L 0 ′, the amount of stray light received by the lens module 505 can be reduced.
  • the optical signal c shown in the figure there may be more optical signals with an emission angle smaller than ⁇ that cannot enter the imaging area after returning through the finger, and it is not likely to be received by the projection module 505. Big. Therefore, the fingerprint light signal received by the lens module 505 will also be reduced, and the light intensity will be reduced. Therefore, when the distance between the lens module 505 and the LED 501 is too large, the fingerprint light signal collected by the sensor decreases, which may affect the clarity of the fingerprint image.
  • the center distance L′ between the lens module 505 and the LED 501 can be designed to be greater than or equal to the critical value L 0 ′.
  • the critical value L 0 ′ of the center distance L′ between the lens module 505 and the LED 501 is 5.72 mm.
  • the center distance L′ between the lens module 505 and the LED 501 can be at least 5.72 mm.
  • the shading member 504 can reduce the stray light reflected by the screen assembly 20 and reaching the lens module 505 by absorbing part of the large-angle emitted light.
  • the interference to fingerprint information can be reduced, which is conducive to obtaining higher-definition fingerprint images.
  • it can reduce the stray light with strong light intensity, avoid light leakage, and reduce the exposure area, which is beneficial to obtaining a fingerprint image with a larger effective area. Therefore, on the whole, it is beneficial to obtain a complete and clear fingerprint image, thereby improving the efficiency of fingerprint recognition.
  • the determination of the center distance L'shown above is based on the assumption that the fingerprint identification module includes at least one lens. As mentioned above, the fingerprint recognition module does not necessarily include the at least one lens.
  • the center distance L can be defined as the distance between the imaging center of the LED and the center of the sensor AA. And the center distance L satisfies: L ⁇ h ⁇ tan ⁇ +d ⁇ tan ⁇ '+d ⁇ tan ⁇ '+t ⁇ tan ⁇ .
  • t represents the distance between the photosensitive surface of the sensor and the lower surface of the screen assembly 20
  • ⁇ is the FOV of the sensor
  • ⁇ ' indicates that the light signal emitted from the lower surface of the screen assembly reaches the sensor when the incident angle is ⁇ , the light The incident angle of the signal on the lower surface of the screen assembly.
  • the distance L between the luminous center of the LED and the center of the sensor AA satisfies: L ⁇ h ⁇ tan ⁇ +d ⁇ tan ⁇ '+d ⁇ tan ⁇ '+t ⁇ tan ⁇ + ⁇ , and ⁇ represents the system tolerance.
  • the aforementioned at least one lens can also be replaced by other devices or combinations of devices.
  • the above definition of the center distance can be changed accordingly, and the values and definitions of ⁇ , ⁇ ', t and CA in the calculation formula of the center distance L'can also be changed accordingly.
  • FIG. 9 is another schematic diagram of a fingerprint identification module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the light shielding member 504 shown in FIG. 9 can block the large-angle light emitted from the LED 501 from various directions.
  • the dotted line in FIG. 9 shows the field angle of the lens in the lens module 505 and the area that the optical signal incident into the screen assembly 20 can reach along the direction of the field angle, and the area emitted by the LED 501 The maximum exit angle that the optical signal can reach and the area that the optical signal can reach into the screen assembly 20 along the direction of the maximum exit angle.
  • the light shielding member 504 may be a structural member having a light-through hole (or called a light-emitting hole).
  • the hole wall of the light-passing hole surrounds the light signal emitted by the LED 501 from all sides, so as to block a part of the light emitted by the LED 501.
  • the shading member 504 may be cylindrical, and its inner surface may form a cylinder, oblique cylinder, elliptic cylinder, inverted funnel shape, cuboid, cube, flat hexagon, trapezoid, or, stepped cylinder, stepped.
  • the hole wall of the light-passing hole of the light-shielding member 504 mentioned here can be used to block the large-angle light emitted from all directions of the LED 501, which has the same function as the first surface mentioned above. It is understood as the first surface described above.
  • the aperture of the light through hole of the shading member 504 is circular, oval, square or rectangular.
  • the aperture shape of the light-through hole may refer to the shape obtained by the intersection of the upper surface of the light-shielding member 504 and the inner wall of the hole, or the light-through hole may be that the inner surface of the light-shielding member 504 is projected to the screen assembly 20. The shape of the resulting projection on the bottom surface.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the shading member 504 in the direction perpendicular to the screen assembly 20 is square, rectangular, trapezoidal, stepped square, stepped rectangle, or stepped trapezoid.
  • the shape of the aperture of the light-emitting hole of the light-shielding member 504 and the cross-sectional shape in the direction perpendicular to the screen assembly 20 can be combined, so that the inner wall of the light-through hole of the light-shielding member 504 can be formed in various shapes.
  • the aperture of the light-through hole of the shading member 504 is circular, and the cross-sectional pattern in the direction perpendicular to the screen assembly 20 is symmetrical with respect to the emission center of the LED 501, the light signal emitted by the LED 501 can be controlled.
  • the maximum exit angle is the same in all directions, such as ⁇ .
  • This design is especially suitable for the situation in the array composed of multiple lens modules, multiple LEDs and multiple shading members, as shown in Figure 18; it can also be suitable for multiple LEDs and multiple shading members evenly distributed in the The situation in the lens module is shown in c) of Figure 12.
  • the maximum exit angle of the light signal emitted by the LED 501 is slightly different in each direction. For example, for an ellipse, the maximum exit angle in the major axis direction is greater than the maximum exit angle in the minor axis direction. For a square or rectangle, the maximum exit angle on the diagonal surface is greater than the maximum exit angle between any two opposite surfaces.
  • This design is especially suitable for situations where two or more LEDs are distributed around a lens module, as shown in a), b), and d) in Figure 12. Because different maximum exit angles are used in different directions, more light signals can be incident on the screen assembly 20, which is beneficial to increase the light intensity, and is beneficial to obtain more fingerprint information, which is beneficial to obtain a clearer Accurate fingerprint image.
  • the shape of the light-passing hole of the shading member 504 can be designed reasonably.
  • FIG. 9 specifically shows several different cross-sectional shapes of the hole wall of the light-passing hole of the shading member 504 on the Yoz plane.
  • the cross section of the hole wall of the light-through hole of the shading member 504 in the direction perpendicular to the screen assembly 20 is rectangular, and the hole of the light-through hole of the shading member 504
  • the cross section of the wall in a direction parallel to the screen assembly 20 may be circular, elliptical, square, rectangular, or the like. Therefore, the hole wall of the light-passing hole of the light shielding member 504 shown in a) of FIG. 9 can be formed into a cylinder, an elliptic cylinder, a cube, a rectangular parallelepiped, or the like.
  • the cross section of the hole wall of the light-through hole of the shading member 504 in the direction perpendicular to the screen assembly 20 is a parallelogram
  • the hole of the light-through hole of the shading member 504 The cross section of the wall in a direction parallel to the screen assembly 20 (such as the xoy plane) may be circular, elliptical, square, rectangular, or the like. Therefore, the hole wall of the light-passing hole of the light shielding member 504 shown in b) of FIG. 9 may be formed into an oblique cylinder, an oblique elliptic cylinder, a cube, a parallelepiped, and the like.
  • the cross section of the hole wall of the light-passing hole of the shading member 504 in the direction perpendicular to the screen assembly 20 is stepped
  • the cross section of the hole wall in the direction parallel to the screen assembly 20 can be circular, elliptical, square, rectangular, or the like. Therefore, the hole wall of the light-passing hole of the light-shielding member 504 shown in c) of FIG. 9 may form a stepped cylinder, a stepped elliptic column, a stepped cube, a stepped cuboid, or the like.
  • the cross section of the hole wall of the light-through hole of the shading member 504 in a direction perpendicular to the screen assembly 20 is stepped, and the light-through hole of the shading member 504 has a stepped shape.
  • the cross section of the hole wall in the direction parallel to the screen assembly 20 may be round or square. Therefore, the hole wall of the light-passing hole of the light-shielding member 504 shown in d) of FIG.
  • the outer surface of the light-shielding member 504 may form a cylinder, or a stepped cylinder, or a cuboid, a cube, or the like. This application does not limit this.
  • the shape formed by the hole wall of the light-passing hole of the shading member 504 has nothing to do with the shape formed on the outer surface.
  • the hole wall of the light-through hole of the shading member 504 may form a cylinder, and the outer surface of the shading member 504 may form a cylinder, and the shading member 504 may be a hollow cylinder.
  • the hole wall of the light through hole of the shading member 504 may form a cylinder.
  • the hole wall of the light-through hole of the shading member 504 forms an oblique cylinder, and the outer surface of the shading member 504 may form a cylinder.
  • I will not list them all here.
  • FIG. 10 is a comparison diagram of the effects obtained by using and not using the shading member in the fingerprint recognition module provided by the embodiment of the present application. Similar to FIG. 4 above, FIG. 10 shows a schematic diagram of the test target located above the screen assembly 20 after receiving the light signal from the LED 501. Fig. 10 a) shows a schematic diagram of the fingerprint recognition module without a light shield; Fig. 10 b) shows the fingerprint recognition module using a light shield as shown in Fig. 9 Schematic diagram obtained afterwards.
  • the fingerprint recognition module does not use light-shielding parts, the light intensity distribution is uneven, and light leakage occurs in many places.
  • the fingerprint recognition module adopts a light-shielding component the light intensity distribution is relatively uniform, and the light leakage phenomenon is basically eliminated.
  • the base 211 of the screen assembly 20 may block the light signal from reaching above the screen assembly 20.
  • the substrate 211 needs to be opened at a position corresponding to the LED 501 so that the light signal can propagate in a direction above the screen assembly 20.
  • an opening treatment may be performed at a position on the substrate 211 corresponding to the light shielding member 504. The size of the opening can be determined according to the maximum emission angle of the LED 501 and the distance between the upper surface of the LED 501 and the upper surface of the substrate 211.
  • the opening may be, for example, the shape of the LED 501
  • the light emitting center is a circle with the center of the circle and the radius is s1 ⁇ tan ⁇ , or it may be a square with the light emitting center of the LED 501 as the center and 2 ⁇ s1 ⁇ tan ⁇ as the side length.
  • the shape of the opening may be the same as the shape of the light through hole of the light shielding member 504. For the sake of brevity, I will not list them all here.
  • the intensity of the fingerprint light signal reaching the screen assembly 20 after being propagated in the fingers is greatly reduced, and cannot penetrate the substrate 211 of the screen assembly 20.
  • the substrate 211 needs to be opened to facilitate the fingerprint light signal to enter the fingerprint identification module 50 to obtain fingerprint information.
  • the substrate 211 may be opened at a position corresponding to the image capturing area, so that the fingerprint light signal falling in the image capturing area can penetrate the screen assembly 20 and reach the lens module 505.
  • the size of the opening may be determined according to the distance between the upper surface of the lens module 505 and the upper surface of the base 211 and the FOV of the imaging lens in the lens module 505, for example.
  • the opening may be centered on the imaging center of the lens module 505, for example.
  • the opening treatment can also be called window opening, hole punching, hole punching, etc. That is, the part of the material on the substrate 211 that blocks the optical signal is removed to ensure that the optical signal is emitted through the screen assembly 20, or to ensure that the optical signal passes through the screen assembly 20 to reach the lens module. Since the optical signal can pass through the screen assembly 20 and reach the finger through the opening processing, the opening obtained by the opening processing can also be called a light-passing hole.
  • the position on the substrate 211 corresponding to the light-shielding member 504 specifically refers to that when the fingerprint identification module 50 and the screen assembly 20 are respectively assembled in an electronic device, the substrate 211 is opposite to the light-shielding member 504.
  • the position on the substrate 211 corresponding to the sensor 502 specifically refers to the position on the substrate 211 corresponding to the sensor 502 when the fingerprint identification module 50 and the screen assembly 20 are respectively assembled in an electronic device. In the following, for the sake of brevity, descriptions of the same or similar situations are omitted.
  • the fingerprint identification module includes an LED, a lens module and a light-shielding member in combination with FIGS. 5 to 9 above. But this should not constitute any limitation to this application.
  • This application does not limit the number of LEDs, the number of sensors, the number of lens modules, and the number of shading elements.
  • the shading member can be used in conjunction with the LED, so the number of the shading member can correspond to the number of the LED.
  • the lens modules and sensors are used together, so the number of lens modules corresponds to the number of sensors.
  • FIG. 11 is another schematic diagram of a fingerprint identification module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 specifically shows the fingerprint identification module 60.
  • the fingerprint identification module 60 includes a plurality of LEDs 601, a lens module 605, and a plurality of shading members 604.
  • the lens module 605 is shown as a whole, and at least one lens and sensor are not separately shown. But this should not constitute any limitation to this application.
  • FIG 11 shows the field angle of the lens in the lens module 605 and the area that can be reached by the optical signal incident into the screen assembly 20 along the direction of the field angle, and the area emitted by the LED 601
  • the LED 601 may correspond to the LED 501 shown in Figs. 5-9.
  • the lens module 605 may correspond to the lens module 505 shown in FIGS. 5 to 9.
  • the light shielding member 604 may correspond to the light shielding member 504 shown in FIG. 9.
  • the fingerprint recognition module 60 includes two LEDs 601, two shading members 604 and a lens module 605. Each shading member 604 is used in conjunction with an LED 601 to form a light source assembly.
  • the light source assembly may be arranged near the lens module 605 to provide optical signals for obtaining fingerprint information.
  • the relative positional relationship between the light source assembly and the lens module may be as described above: the distance L′ between the center of the LED 601 and the center of the imaging lens of the lens module 605 is greater than or equal to the above-mentioned critical value L 0 ′.
  • the two LEDs 601 and the two shading members 604 can form two light source components
  • the two light source components can be symmetrically distributed on both sides of the lens module 605, as shown in FIG. 11; they can also be distributed on the lens module On one side of 605, the distance between each light source component and the lens module 605 can respectively satisfy: the center distance L′ of the LED 601 and the lens module 605 is greater than or equal to the critical value L 0 ′.
  • the center distance between the LED 601 and the lens module 605 is L', then the light-emitting centers of the LEDs 601 in the two light source assemblies can be distributed on a circle centered on the imaging lens center of the sensor 602 and L'as the radius Anywhere on the
  • FIG. 11 is only for ease of understanding, and shows a situation where two light source assemblies are symmetrically placed on both sides of the lens module.
  • this application does not limit the number of light source components.
  • the number of light source components can be four, eight, twelve, etc.
  • the multiple light source components may be uniformly or non-uniformly distributed on a circle with the imaging lens center of the lens module as the center and L as the radius.
  • FIG. 12 shows several examples of the relative positional relationship between a plurality of light source assemblies and lens modules.
  • FIG. 12 shows the relative positional relationship between a plurality of light source assemblies and lens modules from a plan view.
  • Fig. 12 schematically shows a plurality of light source assemblies and a sensor.
  • the light source assembly shown in FIG. 12 may be, for example, the light source assembly described above in conjunction with FIG. 11, and each light source assembly is composed of a light shielding member 604 and an LED 601.
  • the circle in the figure represents the light source assembly.
  • the light-shielding member is a hollow cylinder, which shields the LED below it, so the LED is not separately shown in the figure.
  • the square in the figure represents the lens module.
  • FIG. 12 shows an example in which two light source components are distributed on both sides of the lens module.
  • Fig. 12b shows an example in which two light source components are distributed on one side of the lens module.
  • C) in FIG. 12 shows an example in which four light source components are evenly distributed around the lens module.
  • D) in FIG. 12 shows an example in which two light source assemblies are arranged in a group on both sides of the lens module.
  • the figures are not illustrated here.
  • the fingerprint identification module includes a plurality of lens modules and a plurality of light source components will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 18. The detailed description of this embodiment is omitted here.
  • center distances between the multiple light source components and the lens modules can also be different, but they should all meet the above-mentioned condition of being greater than or equal to the critical value L 0 ′.
  • 13 to 16 are schematic diagrams of assembling the fingerprint identification module provided by the embodiment of the present application. 13 to 16 take the fingerprint identification module 60 shown in FIG. 11 as an example, and show several possible implementations of the fingerprint identification module assembling the electronic device. But this should not constitute any limitation to this application. Based on the same or similar methods, the fingerprint identification module 50 shown in FIGS. 5 to 9 can be assembled in an electronic device.
  • the lens module in the fingerprint recognition module can be independently fixed on the bottom surface of the middle frame or the screen assembly.
  • the LED and the light shielding member (that is, the light source assembly mentioned above) in the fingerprint identification module can also be independently fixed on the lower surface of the middle frame or the screen assembly.
  • FIG. 13 shows an example in which the lens module in the fingerprint recognition module is independently fixed to the middle frame, and the LED and the light shield are also independently fixed to the middle frame.
  • the lens module may be mounted on the support 1 by techniques such as surface mounting technology (SMT), and the support 1 may be fixed on the middle frame by adhesive or screws.
  • SMT surface mounting technology
  • the middle frame needs to be opened.
  • the opening position of the middle frame may correspond to the position of the lens module, that is, correspond to the base opening position of the screen assembly described above, or in other words, correspond to the image capturing area.
  • the opening corresponding to the lens module is denoted as opening 1.
  • the number of openings 1 may be the same as the number of lens modules. Each opening 1 can correspond to a lens module.
  • the size of the opening 1 may be related to the FOV of the imaging lens of the lens module, the diameter CA of the light exit hole, and the distance between the upper surface of the lens module and the lower surface of the middle frame. For example, assuming that the distance between the upper surface of the lens module and the upper surface of the middle frame is m2, the opening 1 can be centered on the center of the imaging lens of the lens module and CA/2+m2 ⁇ tan ⁇ as the radius The circle.
  • the opening 1 shown in FIG. 13 may be a circular hole.
  • the support 1 can be attached to the end surface of the hole by adhesive, for example. That is, the upper surface of the support 1 is attached to the area near the lower surface opening 1 of the middle frame.
  • the shape of the opening 1 listed here is only an example.
  • the opening 1 may be a stepped hole, a square hole, etc., or even an irregularly shaped through hole.
  • the specific shape of the opening 1 is not limited in this application. .
  • the manners and positions of fixing the support 1 listed above are only examples, and should not constitute any limitation to the application.
  • the LED and the light-shielding member in the fingerprint recognition module can also be mounted on the support 2 through SMT and other technologies.
  • the support 2 can be made of, for example, a combination of a soft board and a reinforcing board. .
  • the support 2 can be used to carry the light source assembly.
  • the support 2 can be fixed on the middle frame or the screen assembly by adhesive or screws.
  • the support 2 can be fixed to the middle frame or the screen assembly by adhesive or screws in a direction perpendicular to the screen assembly (such as the z-direction), for example.
  • the shape of the shading member may be as shown in FIG. 9 or FIG. 11, for example, or may have other shapes. This application does not limit this.
  • the inverted cone shown above the LED in FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the maximum exit angle formed by the LED in the light shield.
  • the rounding table shown above the lens module in FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the FOV of the imaging lens of the lens module.
  • the cone and the truncated cone are respectively indicative of the maximum output angle of the LED and the FOV of the lens module imaging lens, which should not constitute any limitation to this application, and should not constitute any limitation to the shape formed by the optical signal within the above-mentioned angle range.
  • the schematic and description regarding the maximum exit angle and FOV in FIG. 13 can still be applied.
  • FIG. 14 is another schematic diagram of the shading member provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the outer surface of the shading member has a flange extending outward.
  • the flange may extend outward on a partial area of the outer surface of the shading member, as shown in FIG. 14; it may also surround the entire circumference of the outer edge of the shading member, which is not limited in this application.
  • the flange can be used to fix the light source assembly.
  • adhesive can be applied to the upper surface of the flange to attach the shading member to the lower surface of the middle frame or the screen assembly.
  • the flange and the middle frame can be connected by screws.
  • the middle frame In order to avoid LEDs and shading parts, the middle frame needs to be opened.
  • the opening position of the middle frame may correspond to the position of the light shielding member.
  • the size of the opening may be slightly larger than the outer surface of the shading member.
  • the opening corresponding to the light shielding member is marked as opening 2.
  • the number of openings 2 may be the same as the number of light shielding members. Each opening 2 may correspond to a light shielding member.
  • the opening 2 shown in FIG. 14 is a stepped through hole.
  • the upper surface of the flange may be opposite to the step surface of the opening 2, and the light source assembly is fixed by adhesive bonding or screw connection.
  • the shape of the opening 2 listed here is only an example, and the opening 2 may also be a circular hole or a square hole, for example, but this is only an example for ease of understanding and should not constitute any limitation to the application. It should also be understood that the shape of the shading member and the connection manner and position of the shading member and the middle frame shown in FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 are only examples and should not constitute any limitation to the application. Although not shown in the figure, the connection between the shading member and the middle frame or the screen assembly is not limited to the above. For example, the outer surface of the shading member may not be provided with a flange.
  • the shading member may be, for example, a hollow cylinder, the opening 2 may be a circular through hole, for example, the shading member may be inserted into the circular through hole of the opening 2, and the inner surface of the opening 2 and the outer surface of the shading member can be bonded by adhesive. fixed.
  • the size of the opening 2 on the upper surface of the middle frame can be determined according to the maximum exit angle of the light signal emitted by the LED and the distance between the upper surface of the LED and the upper surface of the middle frame . And, it is similar to the opening of the base 211 described above.
  • the shape of the opening 2 may be the same as the shape of the light exit hole of the light shielding member 504.
  • the opening 2 can be, for example, a circle with the light emitting center of the LED as the center and a radius of m1/tan ⁇ , or the opening 2 can be, for example, The luminous center of the LED is the center of the circle, a square with 2 ⁇ m1/tan ⁇ as the side length, etc.
  • ⁇ has been explained in detail above, for the sake of brevity, I will not repeat it here.
  • fixing can be achieved by, for example, adhesive bonding or screw fixation.
  • adhesive bonding or screw fixation for the sake of brevity, this article does not elaborate on the specific method of fixing.
  • the shading member is integrated on the middle frame of the electronic device.
  • the middle frame is located between the screen assembly and the fingerprint recognition module, and the middle frame has a light-through hole in the area corresponding to the LED.
  • the hole wall of the light-through hole surrounds the light signal emitted by the LED from all sides to block the Part of the light signal emitted by the LED.
  • the shading member in the fingerprint recognition module can be integrated on the middle frame, or in other words, the shading member in the fingerprint recognition module can be integrated with the middle frame.
  • the function of the light shielding member to block the light signal can be realized by opening and blackening the middle frame.
  • the lens module in the fingerprint recognition module can be independently fixed on the middle frame or the screen assembly, and the LED can be independently fixed on the middle frame.
  • Fig. 15 shows an example of integrating the light shielding member on the middle frame.
  • the specific method of connecting the lens module to the middle frame through the support 1 can be the same as the method shown in FIG. 13 above.
  • the area corresponding to the sensor on the middle frame can be opened.
  • the opening area and size please refer to the relevant description of the opening 1 above. For brevity, I won't repeat them here.
  • the area corresponding to the LED also needs to be opened.
  • the area corresponding to the shading member can be denoted as the opening 2.
  • the opening 2 is also a light-through hole on the middle frame for blocking a part of the light signal emitted by the LED. . Therefore, the inner surface of the opening 2 is the hole wall of the light-through hole of the shading member.
  • the inner surface of the opening 2 can be round, square, rectangular, etc., which is not limited in this application.
  • the shape formed by the inner surface of the opening 2 may refer to the shape formed by the hole wall of the light-shielding member shown in FIG. 9 or FIG. 11, for example.
  • the opening 2 shown in FIG. 15 is a stepped round hole.
  • the step surface of the stepped circular hole may be opposite to the upper surface of the LED.
  • the inner surface (or hole wall) of the stepped round hole can form two cylinders with different sizes.
  • the inner surface of the smaller cylinder can be used to block the large-angle light emitted from the LED, so as to realize the function of the light shielding member to block the light signal.
  • the inner surface forming the larger cylinder may surround the side surface of the LED.
  • the LED can be mounted on the support 2 through SMT and other technologies, for example.
  • the upper surface of the support 2 can be fixed on the lower surface of the middle frame by adhesive bonding or threaded connection.
  • the size of the opening 2 can be determined according to the height of the shading member and the maximum exit angle of the light signal emitted by the LED. Regarding the size of the opening 2, reference may be made to the related description of w1 or w3 made above in conjunction with FIG. 6. For example, when the light-through hole of the shading member is circular, the size of the opening 2 may be a circle with a radius of w1 or w3, for example.
  • the fingerprint identification module is carried on a bracket and fixed under the screen assembly through the bracket.
  • the bracket includes a main bin and a sub bin.
  • the main bin is used for accommodating the image sensor
  • the sub bin is used for accommodating the LED
  • the light shield is integrated in the sub bin.
  • the inside can be used for accommodating the LED, and the hole wall of the light-through hole surrounds the light signal emitted by the LED from all sides, so as to block a part of the light signal emitted by the LED.
  • the fingerprint identification module can share the same bracket, which can simultaneously carry and fix the fingerprint identification module, and the light shielding member can block the light signal.
  • Figure 16 shows an example of a shared bracket for fingerprint recognition modules.
  • an integrated bracket can be obtained through processing.
  • the bracket can be integrally formed or can be obtained by processing. This application does not limit this.
  • the position on the bracket corresponding to the lens module is the main compartment.
  • the main compartment can be a through hole that penetrates the thickness direction of the bracket or a blind hole that does not penetrate the thickness direction of the bracket.
  • the main compartment can be used to accommodate the lens module.
  • the position on the bracket corresponding to the LED and the shading member is a sub-chamber, and the sub-chamber may be a through hole penetrating the thickness direction of the bracket to accommodate the LED.
  • the light shield can be integrated in the sub-chamber, and the inner surface (or hole wall) and upper and lower end surfaces of the sub-chamber can be blackened to absorb the light signal incident on the surface, and block the light signal emitted by the LED from the surroundings, thereby achieving The function of the shading piece. Since the optical signal can pass through the sub-chamber to reach the finger, the sub-chamber of the bracket can be called a light-through hole.
  • the middle frame can be designed to match the bracket.
  • an opening treatment can be done at a position corresponding to the main compartment, which is also the opening 1 described above. Opening treatment can be done at the position corresponding to the sub-chamber, which is also the opening 2 described above.
  • the bracket shown in Figure 16 is connected to the middle frame through the sub-chamber.
  • the opening 2 of the middle frame may be a stepped hole, and the stepped surface of the stepped hole may be connected with the upper surface of the bracket by adhesive bonding or screw connection to fix the bracket on the lower surface of the middle frame.
  • the LED and the lens module can be carried on a support, such as the support 1 and the support 2 described above, or can be an integrally designed support as shown in FIG. 16.
  • the upper surface of the support is opposite to the lower surface of the support, and the support can be fixed on the lower surface of the support by means of adhesive bonding or screw connection.
  • the shape of the bracket shown in FIG. 16 is only an example, and should not constitute any limitation to the application. As long as the bracket is provided with a main compartment that can be used for accommodating the lens module and a secondary compartment that can be used for accommodating LEDs, both should fall within the protection scope of this application.
  • the light-shielding member can be integrated in the sub-chamber; the light-shielding member can be separately arranged and contained in the sub-chamber. This application does not limit this. It should also be understood that the application does not limit the fixing method and fixing position of the bracket.
  • the light shielding member on the edge of the LED to absorb the large-angle light, the light signal reflected by the surface and internal cross-section of the screen assembly can be reduced to reach the lens module, thereby reducing
  • the interference to fingerprint information is conducive to obtaining higher-resolution fingerprint images.
  • a variety of possible implementation methods for the application of the fingerprint identification module in electronic equipment are provided.
  • the light signal that is not blocked by the shading member may also be reflected after it is incident on the screen assembly.
  • some light signals may reach the sensor after multiple reflections. Although these optical signals have relatively weak light intensity, they may still interfere with fingerprint information and affect the clarity of fingerprint images. Therefore, the reflected light that reaches the sensor after multiple reflections is also part of the stray light.
  • FIG. 17 shows a schematic diagram of reaching the lens module through multiple reflections.
  • the field angle of the lens in the lens module 505 and the area that can be reached by the optical signal incident into the screen assembly along the direction of the field angle are shown by dotted lines in FIG. 17.
  • FIG. 17 shows a schematic diagram of the fingerprint light signal reaching the lens module
  • b) in FIG. 17 shows a schematic diagram of reaching the lens module through multiple reflections.
  • some light signals with a small exit angle may not be blocked by the light-shielding member and still enter the screen assembly, but occur on the upper surface of the screen assembly. After reflection, it reaches the lower surface of the screen assembly.
  • the optical signal may be reflected at the upper surface of the cover glass in the screen assembly, and after reaching the upper surface of the substrate in the screen assembly, it is reflected back. After multiple reflections on the upper and lower surfaces, the optical signal may also enter the imaging area, and finally enter the lens module, causing interference to fingerprint information.
  • the upper and lower surfaces of the substrate of the screen assembly can be blackened to absorb the light signal that has undergone secondary reflection and prevent the light signal from reaching the lens module through multiple reflections.
  • the blackening of the substrate of the screen assembly can be used in combination with the fingerprint recognition module shown in FIG. 5 to FIG. 16 above to reduce stray light to a greater extent.
  • the gap between the upper surface of the shading member and the lower surface of the screen assembly (for example, the gap between the upper surface of the shading member and the lower surface of the screen assembly shown in the above in conjunction with FIGS. 13 to 16) can be filled by the light-shielding bubble Cotton to block, to further reduce stray light.
  • the stray light with strong light intensity is absorbed by the shading member in the fingerprint recognition module, and part of the stray light with weak light intensity is absorbed by blackening the substrate of the screen assembly.
  • the interference of stray light on fingerprint information is greatly reduced, which is conducive to obtaining fingerprint images with higher definition, thereby helping to improve the efficiency of fingerprint recognition.
  • the fingerprint recognition module may include a plurality of lens modules.
  • Each lens module may include at least one lens and one sensor.
  • the multiple lens modules can be alternately arranged with multiple LEDs and multiple light shielding members. For example, place it in the form of "ABABA".
  • 18 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a plurality of LEDs, a plurality of shading members, and a plurality of lens modules in the fingerprint identification module of the fingerprint identification module provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the multiple LEDs, multiple light shields, and multiple lens modules shown in FIG. 18 may form an array. In each row of the array, the light source components and lens modules composed of shading elements and LEDs can be arranged in the form of ABABA".
  • the light source components and lens modules composed of shading elements and LEDs can also be arranged in ABABA "
  • the hollow square in the figure can represent a lens module, and the shaded square can represent a light source assembly (that is, a light shield and an LED).
  • the light-shielding member can be designed in a shape that can block large-angle light emitted from various directions.
  • the light-shielding member shown in any one of FIGS. 9, 11, 13 to 16 may be used.
  • the light source is provided by multiple LEDs to increase the intensity of the light signal; and the fingerprint light signal is collected through multiple lens modules, so that the lens module can collect enough light intensity in each area of the finger fingerprint.
  • the fingerprint light signal is conducive to obtaining a complete and high-definition fingerprint image, thereby helping to improve fingerprint recognition efficiency.
  • FIG. 18 is only schematic for ease of understanding, and should not constitute any limitation to the application.
  • the shape of the lens module is not necessarily square, and the shape of the shading member and the LED is not necessarily square.
  • the number of rows and columns contained in the array is not necessarily as shown in the figure.
  • each lens module can generate fingerprint information based on the received fingerprint light signal, and generate a fingerprint image based on the fingerprint information.
  • the fingerprint images generated by multiple lens modules can be synthesized into a complete fingerprint image.
  • the specific method for synthesizing a fingerprint image by multiple lens modules can refer to the prior art. For brevity, detailed description of the specific method is omitted here.
  • the present application also provides an electronic device, which may include a screen assembly and the fingerprint identification module shown in any one of the above-mentioned embodiments.
  • an electronic device which may include a screen assembly and the fingerprint identification module shown in any one of the above-mentioned embodiments.
  • the embodiments of the fingerprint identification module shown in FIGS. 5-9 and 11-18 are combined with the above.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of a screen assembly provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the screen assembly 80 may at least include a substrate 801 and a reflective film 802.
  • the substrate 801 and the reflective film 802 are arranged in layers in a sequence of gradually moving away from the light source.
  • the light source may be, for example, the above-mentioned LED, such as an infrared LED or other light sources with strong penetrating power for optical signals. This application does not limit this.
  • the screen assembly 80 may further include a light guide layer 803, a light homogenizing layer (also referred to as a diffuser) 804, an antireflection film 805, and a cover glass 806.
  • a light guide layer 803 a light homogenizing layer (also referred to as a diffuser) 804, an antireflection film 805, and a cover glass 806.
  • the above-mentioned layers can be arranged in layers in the order of gradually moving away from the light source. For details, refer to FIG. 19. Since the structure of the screen assembly has been described in detail above in conjunction with FIG. 2, for the sake of brevity, it will not be described in detail here.
  • the substrate 801 of the screen assembly 80 has at least one opening corresponding to at least one LED and at least one opening corresponding to at least one image sensor.
  • the figure is only an example for ease of understanding, showing an opening in the substrate 801 corresponding to the LED, for example marked as opening 1 (shown as opening 1 in the figure) and an opening corresponding to the image sensor, such as marking It is opening 2 (shown as opening 2 in the figure).
  • opening 1 shown as opening 1 in the figure
  • opening 2 shown as opening 2 in the figure.
  • the area corresponding to the light-emitting surface of the LED in the lower surface of the screen assembly 80 after the opening treatment is the lower surface of the reflective film 802 in the screen assembly; the area corresponding to the photosensitive surface of the image sensor , Is the bottom surface of the reflective film 802 in the screen assembly.
  • the above image sensor can be used in combination with at least one lens. Therefore, the above image sensor can be replaced with a lens module.
  • the above-mentioned position corresponding to the image sensor may also be defined as the position corresponding to the lens module, or the position corresponding to the image capturing area.
  • the relationship between the image sensor and the lens module has been described in detail above, for the sake of brevity, it will not be repeated here.
  • the size and position of the opening have been described in detail above in conjunction with multiple drawings, for the sake of brevity, it will not be repeated here.
  • processing may be performed on multiple interfaces in the screen assembly 80 to reduce the interference of stray light on the fingerprint light signal received by the sensor.
  • multiple interfaces are shown in FIG. 19.
  • the multiple interfaces may specifically include: interface one, interface two, and interface three.
  • the first interface is the lower surface of the reflective film 802;
  • the third interface is the lower surface of the substrate 801;
  • the second interface is the upper surface of the substrate 801. It can be seen that interface three is opposite to interface one.
  • interface 1 to interface 3 are named only for easy distinction, and should not constitute any limitation on the stacking order.
  • the figure is only an example, and multiple layers are distinguished by gaps, which does not represent the true form of the product.
  • the interface treatment is performed on the lower surface of the reflective film 802 and the interface below it, and the interface treatment is not performed on the upper surface of the reflective film 802 and the interface above it is because visible light can be incident from the side of the screen assembly 80, as shown in the figure Shown in the left. Visible light enters the reflective film 802 from the side of the screen assembly 80, is reflected by the reflective film 802, and propagates in the direction of the cover glass to provide a light source for the screen. If the interface treatment is performed on the upper surface of the reflective film 802 and the interface above, it may process the light signal emitted from the LED (such as absorbing the light signal or reducing the reflected light, which will be described in detail below). The visible light is processed to weaken the intensity of the visible light reaching the cover glass, thereby affecting the normal display of the screen.
  • one or more optical signal processing layers are added between the interface one and the interface two, and/or on the interface three.
  • the one or more optical signal processing layers can process the optical signal from the LED in different ways, such as scattering, absorbing, etc., so that the reflected light that does not carry fingerprint information reaching the lens module is reduced.
  • optical signal processing layer Several possible forms of the optical signal processing layer are shown below.
  • the above-mentioned one or more optical signal processing layers include scattering particles.
  • the scattering particles can be used to reduce the reflection of a pair of received optical signals at the interface, but do not affect the upward propagation of the optical signals through the reflective film 802. Therefore, attaching a layer of scattering particles to at least one of the interface one, the interface two and the interface three can effectively reduce the reflection of the received light signal.
  • At least one of interface one, interface two, and interface three can be sprayed with ink that can transmit light signals.
  • An example is spraying ink on interface one.
  • the above-mentioned LED is an infrared LED, and the infrared light signal emitted by the infrared LED can propagate in the direction of the glass cover through the ink.
  • the ink contains scattering particles, it can reduce the reflection of the infrared light signal and reduce the reflected light at the interface.
  • the scattering particles can be attached to a part or all of the interface one.
  • the partial area may refer to an area of the interface opposite to the LED and/or lens module, that is, the position corresponding to the opening 1 and/or the opening 2 shown in FIG. 19.
  • the optical signal processing layer includes a layer of linear polarizing plate and a layer of quarter wave plate.
  • the linear polarizer is located below the quarter wave plate, or in other words, the linear polarizer is closer to the LED than the quarter wave plate. Therefore, the infrared light signal from the LED can first reach the linear polarizer and then the quarter wave plate. The optical signal reflected from the interface above the reflective film 802 can first reach the quarter wave plate and then the linear polarizer.
  • a layer of linear polarizer and a layer of quarter-wave plate are added between interface one and interface two obtained based on method 2. Since the light signal from the LED passes through the linear polarizer and the quarter-wave plate, a part of the optical signal can pass through the interface one. The optical signal reflects on the above interface and passes through the quarter-wave plate again. The phase is rotated by 90°, so , This part of the reflected light signal will not enter the linear polarizer, and will not enter the image sensor. Therefore, the linear polarizer and quarter-wave plate can be used to isolate the reflected light from above the reflective film.
  • linear polarizer and a quarter wave plate between the interface one and the interface two can be achieved, for example, by a plating process, or the linear polarizer and the quarter wave plate can also be placed flat between the interface one and the interface two. This application does not limit its specific implementation.
  • the above-mentioned partial area of interface one may specifically refer to the area of interface one opposite to the LED and/or lens module. That is, the position corresponding to the opening 1 and/or the opening 2 shown in FIG. 19.
  • linear polarizers and quarter-wave plates can also be added to the entire area of interface one. This application does not limit this.
  • the above-mentioned optical signal processing layer may include at least one layer of scattering particles, one layer of linear polarizer, and one layer of quarter wave plate.
  • the present application does not limit the stacking sequence of the scattering particles, the linear polarizer and the quarter wave plate below the interface one.
  • the scattering particles can be located above the linear polarizer and the quarter wave plate. That is, the light signal from the LED reaches the quarter wave plate, the linear polarizer and the scattered particles in sequence.
  • the scattering particles can be attached to the lower surface of interface one by spraying or plating.
  • the scattering particles can also be located under the linear polarizer and the quarter-wave plate and closer to the LED. In this case, the scattering particles can be attached to the upper surface of the second interface through the above-mentioned spraying or plating process.
  • the scattering particles may also have multiple layers, for example, two layers. One layer is attached below the interface one, and the other side is attached above the interface two. A wired polarizer and a quarter wave plate are arranged between the two layers of scattering particles. In this case, it is equivalent to interface processing for both interface one and interface two respectively.
  • the optical signal processing layer is a homogenizing film.
  • the light homogenizing film can transmit the light signal emitted by the LED, and at the same time has the scattering characteristics, and can reduce the reflection of the light signal received on the interface one and the interface two.
  • the homogenizing film can be laid flat between interface one and interface two.
  • the homogenizing film can only be arranged at the position corresponding to the LED and/or lens module between the interface one and the interface two, that is, the position corresponding to the opening 1 and/or the opening 2 in the figure, or it can be arranged with On the entire interface of interface one or interface two.
  • This application does not limit this.
  • the above-mentioned methods for attaching scattering particles on at least one of the interface 1, interface 2 and interface 3 and adding a homogenizing film between interface 1 and interface 2 can also be used in combination. This is like replacing the linear polarizer and quarter-wave plate above with a homogenizing film. For the sake of brevity, I will not repeat them here.
  • Another possible design is to attach a layer of light-absorbing material on at least one of the interface two and the interface three. That is, at least one optical signal processing layer contains a light-absorbing material. The light-absorbing material can absorb part of the stray light, thereby reducing the reflected light.
  • the substrate 801 is subjected to opening treatment, and the substrate 801 has at least one opening 1 and at least one opening 2 as shown in FIG. 19. Therefore, when the light-absorbing material is attached to interface two and/or interface three, the area of opening 1 and opening 2 can be avoided.
  • FIG. 20 shows a schematic diagram of the reflection of optical signals at interface two and interface three, respectively.
  • a part of the light signal with a small incident angle can reach interface one through the opening.
  • the light signal reaching the interface 1 may be reflected to the interface 2, and then after one or more reflections between the interface 1 and the interface 2, it may reach the sensor surface, as shown in the signal 1 in the figure.
  • the light signal arriving at the sensor by one or more reflections between interface 1 and interface 2 and the reflection of interface 3 does not carry fingerprint information and interferes with the fingerprint light signal received by the sensor, so it belongs to stray light. . Therefore, the light-absorbing material can be attached to at least one of the interface two and the interface three to reduce the reflected light, thereby reducing the stray light reaching the sensor after one or more reflections.
  • the method of attaching the light-absorbing material to the second interface and/or the third interface may include, for example, spraying, plating and other processes.
  • the light-absorbing material can be sprayed or electroplated on interface two and/or interface three.
  • the above-mentioned LED is an infrared LED
  • the light-absorbing material sprayed or electroplated on the interface two and/or interface three may be an infrared light-absorbing material.
  • the infrared light-absorbing material can be used to absorb the received infrared light signal.
  • At least one interface of interface two and interface three can be attached to the light-absorbing material with at least one interface of interface one, interface two, and interface three described above.
  • a layer of homogenizing film is added between interface two and interface three; alternatively, it can also be used in combination with at least one interface of interface one, interface two and interface three described above, and on interface two and interface three.
  • the optical signal processing layer may include multiple different processing layers. The role of each processing layer has been described in detail above, for the sake of brevity, it will not be repeated here.
  • screen assembly 80 provided above can be used in conjunction with the fingerprint identification module provided above, and can also be applied to other under-screen optical fingerprint identification systems. This application does not limit this.

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Abstract

一种指纹识别模组、屏组件和电子设备。该指纹识别模组(50)配置于电子设备的屏组件(20)下方，包括：LED(501)、图像传感器(502)和遮光件(504)；LED的发光面朝向屏组件，用于发射光信号；图像传感器的感光面朝向屏组件，用于接收光信号，该图像传感器接收到的光信号包括LED发射到手指而返回的指纹光信号，以用于生成指纹图像；遮光件的部分或全部位于LED和图像传感器之间，以用于阻挡LED发射的一部分信号光。LED发射出的光信号经屏组件反射后到达图像传感器，会对指纹信息产生干扰。而上述方案通过遮光件来阻挡一部分出射角较大的光信号，可以减少经屏组件反射回来的光信号，从而减小对指纹信息的干扰，有利于获得较高清晰度的指纹图像。

Description

一种指纹识别模组、屏组件和电子设备
本申请要求于2019年4月16日提交中国专利局、申请号为201910305191.5、申请名称为“一种LCD屏幕及终端”的中国专利申请的优先权，以及于2019年6月18日提交中国专利局、申请号为201910528102.3、申请名称为“一种指纹识别模组和电子设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及指纹识别领域，并且更具体地，涉及一种指纹识别模组、屏组件和电子设备。
背景技术
随着手机屏占比的提高和一体式的后壳设计，人们对屏下指纹识别的需求越来越强烈。屏下光学指纹识别是屏下指纹识别技术的一种。其工作原理为：当手指置于终端屏幕上时，终端可以向手指发射光信号。光信号经手指的指纹反射后，反射光在屏幕下方的传感器上形成指纹图像。
目前，已知一种方案，通过在屏幕下方提供外穿透力较强的外加光源来实现光学屏下指纹识别。具体地，外加光源穿透屏幕到达手指后有一部分光信号可以返回屏幕下方，被传感器接收到。这部分返回的光信号可以携带指纹信息。传感器在接收到这些携带有指纹信息的光信号后，便可以生成指纹图像，以便进行指纹识别。然而，外加光源在照射在屏幕上时可能会产生较多的反射光，这些反射光并未到达手指，未携带指纹信息，若被传感器接收到，反而会对传感器接收到的携带指纹信息的光信号造成干扰，从而影响指纹图像的清晰度
发明内容
本申请提供一种指纹识别模组、屏组件和电子设备，以期减少反射光对指纹信息的干扰，从而提高指纹图像的清晰度。
第一方面，提供了一种指纹识别模组。该指纹识别模组配置于电子设备的屏组件下方，包括：发光二极管(light emitting diode，LED)、图像传感器和遮光件。其中，LED的发光面与屏组件的下表面相对，用于发射光信号；图像传感器位于LED的一侧，且图像传感器的感光面与屏组件的下表面相对，用于接收光信号；图像传感器接收到的光信号包括LED发射至手指而返回的指纹光信号，该指纹光信号用于生成指纹图像；遮光件的部分或全部位于LED与图像传感器之间，以用于阻挡LED发射的一部分光信号。
其中，指纹光信号可以是指携带有指纹信息的光信号。在本申请实施例中，指纹光信号包括：由LED发射至手指内部，并经由手指内部传播后散射和折射出来的光信号，以及由LED发射至手指表面，并由手指表面反射回来的光信号。
与此相对应，该LED发射的光信号中，有一部分光信号经过屏组件表面时，经一次或多次反射到达图像传感器，这部分光信号并未到达手指，未携带指纹信息，因此会对指纹光信号产生干扰。在本申请实施例中，将未携带指纹信息而到达图像传感器的光信号称为杂光信号。
应理解，本申请实施例提供的指纹识别模组可应用于液晶显示(liquid crystal display，LCD)屏，也可应用于有机发光二极管(organic light-emitting，OLED)屏，本申请对于该指纹识别模组的应用范围不作限定。
因此，通过在LED的附近区域设置遮光件，该LED发射的大角度出射光被阻挡，使得经过屏组件表面的至少一次反射而到达图像传感器的杂光减少，从而可以减小杂光对指纹光信号的干扰，也就是减小了杂光对指纹信息的干扰，从而有利于提高指纹图像的清晰度。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，在经该LED的发光中心和该图像传感器的有效显示区(active area，AA)中心的平面上，该遮光件用于阻挡LED发射的出射角大于θ的光信号，θ为预定义值。
也就是说，通过在LED的附近设置遮光件，可以控制由LED发射出来的信号光在某一角度范围内。
由于本申请对于遮光件的外形不作限定，遮光件可以从一个方向阻挡LED发射的光信号，也可以从四周阻挡LED发射的光信号。故，经遮光件的阻挡后LED发射出的光信号在各个方向的最大出射角度可能是不同的。在本申请实施例中，可以通过对遮光件的位置和外形的设计，使得在过LED的发光中心和图像传感器AA中心的平面上，光信号的最大出射角度最小，例如为上文所述的θ。
在一种可能的设计中，θ在该LED的光束角2γ的一半的附近取值。
由于光的辐射强度与出射角度相关。当最大出射角θ在大于γ的范围内取值时，可以囊括较多的光信号，也就是可以囊括更多能量。但在最大出射角θ较大的情况下，图像传感器与LED的距离会拉远(这可以由下文示出的中心距L的计算公式看到)，图像传感器接收到的能量会降低。当最大出射角θ在小于或等于γ的范围内时，图像传感器接收到的能量损失可以减少，但到达手指的能量会减少。因此可以通过对遮光件的位置和外形的设计，使得在过LED的发光中心和图像传感器AA中心的平面上，将光信号的最大出射角度θ设计为γ或γ附近的值，以获得到达手指的能量和到达图像传感器的能量之间的平衡，从而可以较大程度地提高指纹图像的清晰度。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该LED的发光中心与该图像传感器的AA的中心的距离L满足：L≥h×tanθ+d×tanθ'+d×tanβ'+t×tanβ。其中，h表示LED的发光面与该屏组件的下表面之间的距离，d表示该屏组件的上表面与下表面之间的距离，t表示图像传感器的感光面与该屏组件的下表面之间的距离，θ为预定义值，θ表示在经LED的发光中心和图像传感器的AA中心的平面上，LED发射的光信号经该遮光件的遮挡后能够达到的最大出射角，θ'表示入射角为θ的光信号在屏组件表面发生折射后的出射角，β为图像传感器的视场角的1/2，β'表示光信号在屏组件表面发生折射时与出射角β对应的入射角。
该LED的发光中心与图像传感器的AA中心的距离L可以称为中心距。由h×tanθ+ d×tanθ'+d×tanβ'+t×tanβ计算得到的结果为该中心距L的临界值L 0。当中心距L小于临界值L 0时，更多的杂光可以进入图像传感器，产生对指纹光信号的干扰，不利于获得清晰的指纹图像；当中心距L大于临界值L 0时，更少的指纹光信号进入图像传感器，进入图像传感器的光信号减少，光强减弱，也不利于获得清晰的指纹图像。
进一步地，若考虑系统公差，该LED的发光中心与图像传感器的AA中心的距离L满足：L≥h×tanθ+d×tanθ'+d×tanβ'+t×tanβ+Δ，Δ表示系统公差。
该系统公差例如可以是经验值，也可以根据系统(在本申请实施例中，该系统可以是指指纹识别模组)的尺寸、在电子设备中的组装位置以及与装配件的配合关系等来确定。本申请对于系统公差Δ的具体取值和确定方式不作限定。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该遮光件为具有通光孔的结构件，该通光孔的孔壁从四周将LED发射的光信号包围，以用于阻挡LED发射的一部分光信号。
该遮光件可以从一个方向阻挡光信号，也可以从四周阻挡光信号。当该遮光件从四周阻挡光信号时，该遮光件可以被设计为一具有通光孔的结构件。该通光孔的孔壁朝向LED，从四周将LED发射的光信号包围。因此，出射角度较小的一部分光信号才能从该通光孔中出射，而出射角度较大的那一部分光信号被遮光件阻挡。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该遮光件包围LED的光信号的面涂覆有吸光材料，或，该遮光件由吸光材料制备。
遮光件在用于阻挡光信号时，例如可以通过吸收光信号的方式来阻挡光信号。因此，可以将该遮光件包围LED的光线后的面(也就是朝向LED的面)涂覆吸光材料，或者，用吸光材料来制备遮光件，从而达到吸收光信号的效果。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该遮光件集成在电子设备的中框上；该中框位于屏组件与指纹识别模组之间，且中框在对应于LED的区域具有通光孔，该通光孔的孔壁从四周将LED发射的光信号包围，以用于阻挡LED发射的一部分光信号。
也就是说，该遮光件的功能可以通过电子设备的中框来实现。具体地，可以在该中框中对应于LED的区域设置通光孔，使得该通光孔的孔壁可以从四周将LED发射的光信号包围，以达到阻挡LED发射的一部分光信号的效果。其中，该中框的通光孔的位置可以参考上文所述的中心距L来设计。该中框的通光孔孔深可以参考预定义的最大出射角度θ和孔径来设计。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，该指纹识别模组承载在支架上，并通过该支架固定在该屏组件下方；该支架包括主仓和副仓，该主仓用于容纳该图像传感器，该副仓用于容纳该LED，该遮光件集成在副仓中，该副仓为贯穿该支架厚度方向的通光孔，该通光孔与该LED的区域对应，该通光孔的孔壁从四周将该LED发射的光信号包围，以用于阻挡该LED发射的一部分光信号。
具体地，该支架可用于承载指纹识别模组。在装配过程中，可以将该支架与电子设备的中框配合，以将其所承载的指纹识别模组固定在屏组件下方。上述遮光孔的功能也可以通过该支架来实现。该支架的副仓可以被设计为贯穿支架厚度方向的通光孔，该通光孔的孔壁可以从四周将LED发射的光信号包围，以达到阻挡LED发射的一部分光信号的效果。其中，该支架的副仓可以参考上文所述的中心距L来设计。该副仓的壁厚(或者说通光孔的孔深)可以参考预定义的最大出射角度θ和孔径来设计。
第二方面，提供了一种电子设备。该电子设备包括屏组件和指纹识别模组；其中，该指纹识别模组包括：LED、图像传感器和遮光件。其中，LED的发光面与屏组件的下表面相对，用于发射光信号；图像传感器位于LED的一侧，且图像传感器的感光面与屏组件的下表面相对，用于接收光信号；图像传感器接收到的光信号包括LED发射至手指而返回的指纹光信号，该指纹光信号用于生成指纹图像；遮光件的部分或全部位于LED与图像传感器之间，以用于阻挡LED发射的一部分光信号。
其中，指纹光信号可以是指携带有指纹信息的光信号。在本申请实施例中，指纹光信号包括：由LED发射至手指内部，并经由手指内部传播后散射和折射出来的光信号，以及由LED发射至手指表面，并由手指表面反射回来的光信号。
与此相对应，该LED发射的光信号中，有一部分光信号经过屏组件表面时，经一次或多次反射到达图像传感器，这部分光信号并未到达手指，未携带指纹信息，因此会对指纹光信号产生干扰。在本申请实施例中，将未携带指纹信息而到达图像传感器的光信号称为杂光信号。
其中，屏组件可以是LCD屏，也可以是OLED屏，本申请对此不作限定。
因此，本申请实施例提供的电子设备，通过在屏组件下方设置指纹识别模组，实现了光学屏下指纹识别。通过在LED的附近区域设置遮光件，该LED发射的大角度出射光被阻挡，使得经过屏组件表面的至少一次反射而到达图像传感器的杂光减少，从而可以减小杂光对指纹光信号的干扰，也就是减小了杂光对指纹信息的干扰，从而有利于提高指纹图像的清晰度。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，在经该LED的发光中心和该图像传感器的有效显示区AA中心的平面上，该遮光件用于阻挡该LED发射的出射角大于θ的光信号，θ为预定义值。
也就是说，通过在LED的附近设置遮光件，可以控制由LED发射出来的信号光在某一角度范围内。
由于本申请对于遮光件的外形不作限定，遮光件可以从一个方向阻挡LED发射的光信号，也可以从四周阻挡LED发射的光信号。故，经遮光件的阻挡后LED发射出的光信号在各个方向的最大出射角度可能是不同的。在本申请实施例中，可以通过对遮光件的位置和外形的设计，使得在过LED的发光中心和图像传感器AA中心的平面上，光信号的最大出射角度最小，例如为上文所述的θ。
在一种可能的设计中，θ在该LED的光束角2γ的一半附近取值。
由于光的辐射强度与出射角度相关。当最大出射角θ在大于γ的范围内取值时，可以囊括较多的光信号，也就是可以囊括更多能量。但在最大出射角θ较大的情况下，图像传感器与LED的距离会拉远，图像传感器接收到的能量会降低。当最大出射角θ在小于或等于γ的范围内时，图像传感器接收到的能量损失可以减少，但到达手指的能量会减少。因此可以通过对遮光件的位置和外形的设计，使得在过LED的发光中心和图像传感器AA中心的平面上，将光信号的最大出射角度θ设计为γ或γ附近的值，以获得到达手指的能量和到达图像传感器的能量之间的平衡，从而可以较大程度地提高指纹图像的清晰度。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，该LED的发光中心与该图像传感器的AA的中心的距离L满足：L≥h×tanθ+d×tanθ'+d×tanβ'+t×tanβ。其中，h表示LED 的发光面与该屏组件的下表面之间的距离，d表示该屏组件的上表面与下表面之间的距离，t表示图像传感器的感光面与该屏组件的下表面之间的距离，θ为预定义值，θ表示在经LED的发光中心和图像传感器的AA中心的平面上，LED发射的光信号经该遮光件的遮挡后能够达到的最大出射角，θ'表示入射角为θ的光信号在屏组件表面发生折射后的出射角，β为图像传感器的视场角的1/2，β'表示光信号在屏组件表面发生折射时与出射角β对应的入射角。
该LED的发光中心与图像传感器的AA中心的距离L可以称为中心距。由h×tanθ+d×tanθ'+d×tanβ'+t×tanβ计算得到的结果为该中心距L的临界值L 0。当中心距L小于临界值L 0时，更多的杂光可以进入图像传感器，产生对指纹光信号的干扰，不利于获得清晰的指纹图像；当中心距L大于临界值L 0时，更少的指纹光信号进入图像传感器，进入图像传感器的光信号减少，光强减弱，也不利于获得清晰的指纹图像。
进一步地，若考虑系统公差，该LED的发光中心与图像传感器的AA中心的距离L满足：L≥h×tanθ+d×tanθ'+d×tanβ'+t×tanβ+Δ，Δ表示系统公差。
该系统公差例如可以是经验值，也可以根据系统(在本申请实施例中，该系统可以是指指纹识别模组)的尺寸、在电子设备中的组装位置以及与装配件的配合关系等来确定。本申请对于系统公差Δ的具体取值和确定方式不作限定。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，该遮光件为具有通光孔的结构件，该通光孔的孔壁从四周将该LED发射的光信号包围，以用于阻挡该LED发射的一部分光信号。
该遮光件可以从一个方向阻挡光信号，也可以从四周阻挡光信号。当该遮光件从四周阻挡光信号时，该遮光件可以被设计为一具有通光孔的结构件。该通光孔的孔壁朝向LED，从四周将LED发射的光信号包围。因此，出射角度较小的一部分光信号才能从该通光孔中出射，而出射角度较大的那一部分光信号被遮光件阻挡。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，该电子设备还包括中框，该中框位于该屏组件与该指纹识别模组之间，该遮光件集成在该中框上，该中框在对应于该LED的区域具有通光孔，该通光孔的孔壁从四周将该LED发射的光信号包围，以用于阻挡该LED发射的一部分光信号。
也就是说，该遮光件的功能可以通过电子设备的中框来实现。具体地，可以在该中框中对应于LED的区域设置通光孔，使得该通光孔的孔壁可以从四周将LED发射的光信号包围，以达到阻挡LED发射的一部分光信号的效果。其中，该中框的通光孔的位置可以参考上文所述的中心距L来设计。该中框的通光孔孔深可以参考预定义的最大出射角度θ和孔径来设计。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，该电子设备还包括支架，该指纹识别模组承载在该支架上，该支架将该指纹识别模组固定在该屏组件下方；该支架包括主仓和副仓，该主仓容纳有该传感器，该遮光件与该副仓一体化设计，该副仓容纳有该LED，该副仓是贯穿支架厚度方向的通光孔，该通光孔与LED的区域对应，该通光孔的的孔壁从四周将LED发射的光信号包围，以用于阻挡该LED发射的一部分光信号。
具体地，该支架可用于承载指纹识别模组。在装配过程中，可以将该支架与电子设备的中框配合，以将其所承载的指纹识别模组固定在屏组件下方。上述遮光孔的功能也可以 通过该支架来实现。该支架的副仓可以被设计为贯穿支架厚度方向的通光孔，该通光孔的孔壁可以从四周将LED发射的光信号包围，以达到阻挡LED发射的一部分光信号的效果。其中，该支架的副仓可以参考上文所述的中心距L来设计。该副仓的壁厚(或者说通光孔的孔深)可以参考预定义的最大出射角度θ和孔径来设计。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，该通光孔的孔壁及孔端面经黑化处理，以用于吸收接收到的光信号。
通过对通光孔的孔壁及孔端面做黑化处理，使得该通光孔的孔壁和孔端面具有吸收光信号的功能，从而达到阻挡大角度光信号发射出来的效果。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，该屏组件包括基底，该基底位于该屏组件的最下层，该基底的下表面与该指纹识别模组相对，该基底的上表面和下表面经黑化处理，以用于吸收接收到的光信号。
由于一部分出射角度较小的光信号能够穿过遮光件入射到屏组件，但在屏组件的上、下表面以及屏组件各层的界面之间多次反射，最后到达图像传感器。这部分反射光并没有到达手指，未携带指纹信息，因此也会对指纹信息产生干扰。这部分反射光也属于上文所述的杂光的一部分。
本申请实施例通过将位于屏组件底部的基底的上、下表面做黑化处理，来吸收反射到该基底表面上的光信号，从而更大程度地减少了杂光，减小了杂光对指纹信息的干扰，从而更进一步地提高指纹图像的清晰度。
结合第一方面或第二方面，在某些实现方式中，该指纹识别模组包括多个LED、与该多个LED对应的多个遮光件以及一个图像传感器；该多个LED及其对应的多个遮光件均匀分布在该图像传感器的四周，且每个遮光件的部分或全部位于所对应的LED与图像传感器之间。
本申请对于指纹识别模组中所包含的LED的数量、遮光件的数量以及图像传感器的数量不作限定。作为一个实施例，该指纹识别模组可以包括一个图像传感器、多个LED以及与多个LED配合使用的遮光件。该多个LED和遮光件可以均匀地分布在图像传感器的四周，以使得到达图像传感器的光信号具有较为均匀的光强。其中每个LED与图像传感器的中心距L可以参考上文中对中心距L的计算公式来设计。
应理解，将多个LED和多个遮光件均匀地分布在图像传感器仅为一种可能的实现方式，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。该多个LED和多个遮光件也可以不均匀地分布在图像传感器的四周。此外，图像传感器的数量也可以为多个。本申请对此不做限定。
结合第一方面或第二方面，在某些实现方式中，该LED为红外LED。
由于红外LED具有较强的穿透力，光信号可以透过屏组件到达手指，从而实现屏下光学指纹识别。但应理解，采用红外LED仅为一种可能的实现方式，本申请也并不排除采用其他能够提供较强的穿透力的光源来实现光学屏下指纹识别的可能。
结合第一方面或第二方面，在某些实现方式中，该指纹识别模组还包括至少一个透镜，该至少一个透镜位于该屏组件与该图像传感器之间，且该至少一个透镜的成像中心与该图像传感器的AA中心重合；该至少一个透镜用于接收光信号，该至少一个透镜接收到的光信号经汇聚后到达该图像传感器。
通过在屏组件和图像传感器之间加入至少一个透镜，使得到达透镜的光信号经过透镜 的汇聚后到达图像传感器。因此图像传感器接收到的光信号更强，有利于获得清晰的指纹图像。
结合第一方面或第二方面，在某些实现方式中，该LED的发光中心与该至少一个透镜的成像中心的距离L’满足：L’≥h×tanθ+d×tanθ'+d×tanα'+t’×tanα+CA/2。其中，h表示LED的发光面与该屏组件的下表面之间的距离，d表示该屏组件的上表面与下表面之间的距离，t’表示该至少一个透镜的出光孔所在面与屏组件的下表面之间的距离，θ为预定义值，θ表示在经LED的发光中心和图像传感器的AA中心的平面上，该LED发射的光信号经该遮光件的遮挡后能够达到的最大出射角，θ'表示入射角为θ的光信号在该屏组件表面发生折射后的出射角，CA表示该至少一个透镜的出光孔直径，α为该至少一个透镜的视场角的1/2，α'表示光信号在该屏组件表面发生折射时与出射角α对应的入射角。
基于上文所述对中心距L的限制，在加入至少一个透镜之后，可以对该中心距L的计算公式作出一些改动，以适应加入透镜后的场景。这里，L’仅为与L的计算公式区分而定义，L’表示LED的发光中心与透镜的成像中心的距离。由于透镜的成像中心与图像传感器的AA中心重合，所以，也可以表示LED的发光中心与图像传感器的AA中心的距离。
进一步地，若考虑系统公差，该LED的发光中心与至少一个透镜的成像中心的距离L’满足：L’≥h×tanθ+d×tanθ'+d×tanα'+t’×tanα+CA/2+Δ，Δ表示系统公差。
该系统公差例如可以是经验值，也可以根据系统(在本申请实施例中，该系统可以是指指纹识别模组)的尺寸、在电子设备中的组装位置以及与装配件的配合关系等来确定。本申请对于系统公差Δ的具体取值和确定方式不作限定。
第三方面，提供了一种屏组件，该屏组件应用于配置有指纹识别模组的电子设备中，该指纹识别模组包括发光二极管LED和图像传感器，该屏组件的下表面与LED的发光面和所述图像传感器的感光面相对；该屏组件包括基底和反射膜，基底与反射膜在垂直于LED的发光面的方向上层叠排布，基底位于反射膜的下方；其中，屏组件中具有一个或多个光信号处理层，所述一个或多个光信号处理层位于基底的上表面和反射膜的下表面之间，和/或，基底的下表面上；所述一个或多个光信号处理层用于对接收到的光信号进行处理，以减少对接收到的光信号的反射。
结合第三方面，在第三方面的某些实现方式中，所述一个或多个光信号处理层包括散射粒子。
散射粒子可以对接收到的光信号进行散射，因此可有效降低对接收到的光信号的反射。
可选地，所述一层或多层光信号处理层包括油墨，所述油墨中包括所述散射粒子。
进一步地，上述散射粒子可以通过喷涂或镀覆工艺附着在以下至少一个面上：基底的上表面、下表面以及反射膜的下表面上。
应理解，附着在基底的上表面、下表面以及反射膜的下表面的至少一个面上，也即上文所述的一个或多个光信号处理层位于基底的上表面和反射膜的下表面之间，和/或，基底的下表面上。
可以理解的是，由于基底中与LED和图像传感器对应的区域需要进行开口处理，因此该散射粒子在附着在基底的上表面和/或下表面上时，可能并不能对进行开口处理的区域进行界面处理。
结合第三方面，在第三方面的某些实现方式中，所述一个或多个光信号处理层位于基底的上表面和反射膜的下表面之间。
一种可能的设计是，所述一个或多个光处理信号层包括一层线偏振片和一层1/4波片，所述线偏振片较所述1/4波片更加靠近所述基底的上表面。
由于来自LED的光信号经线偏振片和1/4波片后，有一部分光信号可以透过界面一的光信号在以上的界面反射回来再次经过1/4波片，相位旋转了90°，因此，这部分反射回来的光信号不会进入线偏振片，也就不会进入到图像传感器。因此，该线偏振片和1/4波片可用于隔离来自反射膜上方的反射光。
可选地，线偏振片和1/4波片位于基底的上表面和反射膜的下表面之间、与LED对应的区域。
由于线偏振片和1/4波片的成本较高，可以选择在部分区域使用，以实现对线偏振片和1/4波片的有效利用。
可选地，线偏振片和1/4波片平置于基底和反射膜之间。
可选地，线偏振片和1/4波片通过镀覆工艺附着在反射膜的下表面。
另一种可能的设计是，所述一个或多个光信号处理层包括均光膜。
该均光膜可透射LED发射的光信号，同时具有散射特性，可以减少反射膜的下表面和基底的上表面对接收到的光信号的反射。
可选地，均光膜平铺与基底和反射膜之间。
结合第三方面，在第三方面的某些实现方式中，所述一个或多个光信号处理层中的至少一个层包含吸光材料。
吸光材料可以将一部分杂光吸收，从而减少反射光。
可选地，包含吸光材料的至少一个层通过喷涂或镀覆工艺附着在界面二和界面三的至少一个界面上。
应理解，由于基底中与LED和图像传感器对应的区域需要进行开口处理，因此该吸光材料在附着在基底的上表面和/或下表面上时，可以仅设置在进行了开口处理的区域，也可以设置在整个界面上。本申请对此不做限定。
结合第三方面，在第三方面的某些实现方式中，所述一个或多个光信号处理层包括：至少一层散射粒子、一层线偏振片和一层1/4波片；或至少一层散射粒子和至少一层均光膜；或包含吸光材料的至少一个层、至少一层散射粒子、一层线偏振片和一层1/4波片；或包含吸光材料的至少一个层、至少一层散射粒子和至少一层均光膜。
即，在不发生冲突的情况下，上述多种可能的光信号处理层可以结合使用。
第四方面，提供了一种电子设备，包括：第三方面以及第三方面任意一种可能实现方式中的屏组件，和，指纹识别模组。其中，该指纹识别模组包括：LED和图像传感器；LED的发光面与屏组件的下表面相对，用于发射光信号；图像传感器位于LED的一侧，且图像传感器的感光面与屏组件的下表面相对，用于接收光信号，该图像传感器接收到的光信号包括LED发射至手指而返回的指纹光信号，该指纹光信号用于生成指纹图像。
结合第四方面，在第四方面的某些实现方式中，指纹识别模组还包括遮光件，遮光件的部分或全部位于LED与图像传感器之间，以用于阻挡LED发射的一部分光信号。
即，该电子设备包括的指纹识别模组可以是第一方面及第一方面任意一种可能实现方 式中的指纹识别模组。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种电子设备的结构示意图；
图2是用于电子设备的屏组件的结构示意图；
图3是指纹识别模组获取指纹信息的示意图；
图4是漏光现象的示意图；
图5是本申请实施例提供的指纹识别模组的示意图；
图6是本申请实施例提供的指纹识别模组的另一示意图；
图7是本申请实施例提供的遮光件的示意图；
图8是本身请实施例提供的传感器和LED的相对位置关系的示意图；
图9是本申请实施例提供的指纹识别模组的另一示意图；
图10是本申请实施例提供的在指纹识别模组中采用和未采用遮光件得到的效果对比图；
图11是本申请实施例提供的指纹识别模组的又一示意图；
图12是本申请实施例提供的指纹识别模组中多个光源组件与透镜模组相对位置关系的示意图；
图13是本申请实施例提供的指纹识别模组的装配示意图；
图14是本申请实施例提供的遮光件的另一示意图；
图15是本申请实施例提供的指纹识别模组的另一装配示意图；
图16是本申请实施例提供的指纹识别模组的又一装配示意图；
图17是本申请实施例提供的经多次反射到达透镜模组的杂光的示意图；
图18是本申请实施例提供的指纹识别模组中多个LED、多个遮光件以及多个透镜模组的排布示意图；
图19是本申请实施例提供的屏组件的示意图；
图20是本申请实施例提供的光信号在界面二和界面三反射的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图，对本申请中的技术方案进行描述。
为便于理解本申请实施例，首先做出以下几点说明。
第一，为便于理解，下文结合多个附图详细说明了本申请提供的指纹识别模组和电子设备。但这些附图仅为便于理解而示例，图中示出的各部件之间的相对距离、各部件的外形及尺寸并不一定与实物相同或按比例缩放。
第二，在本申请实施例中，多处涉及到尺寸的设计，这些设计都是基于理想状态下的考虑。由此而设计得到的尺寸可以称为基础尺寸。与此相对，经过加工和装配后的尺寸可以称为实际尺寸。基础尺寸和实际尺寸之间存在一定的尺寸偏差。但只要这些尺寸偏差处于公差的范围内，均应落入本申请的保护范围内。其中，公差即实际参数值的允许变动量。由公差和基本尺寸可以定义实际尺寸允许变化的两个界限值，即极限尺寸。另外，公差的具体取值可以是预定义的。本申请对于公差的具体取值不作限定。
第三，下文中结合多个附图详细说明了本申请提供的指纹识别模组。为方便说明，多个附图中将屏组件所在的面作为参考面，来描述各部件之间的相对位置关系。屏组件虽然包括多个层，但屏组件的上下表面是平行或近似平行的。
下文实施例中为方便理解和说明，将平行于屏组件的面记作xoy平面，当文中提及平行于屏组件时，可以表示与xoy平面平行；将垂直于屏组件的方向记作z向，当文中提及垂直于屏组件时，可以表示经过z向的平面，例如yoz平面或xoz平面。
此外，下文实施例中多处提及在垂直于屏组件方向上的截面，在本申请实施例中，垂直于屏组件方向上的截面是指，在垂直于屏组件的方向上，经过LED的发光中心和透镜模组中透镜成像中心的截面，如后文中多个附图中所示的yoz平面。
应理解，这些描述和定义仅为便于说明和理解，不应对本申请构成任何限定。本申请各附图仅为更清楚地描述指纹识别模组、指纹识别模组中各部件之间的相对位置关系，以及指纹识别模组与电子设备中其他部件之间的相对位置关系。因此，图中所示的各部件的放置方向对于使用过程中的指纹识别模组以及配置有该指纹识别模组的电子设备的放置方向不作限定。
第四，本申请实施例中为了便于理解，多个附图中示出了光信号由LED发射至手指，在手指内部传播后又返回至屏组件，最后被传感器接收到的光路图。这些光路图仅为便于理解而示意，不应对本申请构成任何限定。本申请对于进入手指的光信号的数量、光路走向等均不作限定。
与此相似地，还有多个附图示出了光信号由屏组件反射至传感器的光路图。这些光路图仅为便于理解而示意，不应对本申请构成任何限定。本申请对于经屏组件反射的光信号的数量、光路走向等均不作限定。
第五，在本申请实施例中，“至少一个”可以表示一个或多个。“多个”是指两个或两个以上。
另外，为便于理解本申请实施例，首先对本申请中涉及到的术语做简单说明。
1、光束角(beam angle)：光强达到法线光强的10％或50％处、两边所形成的夹角为光束角。或者说，光强为10％或50％最大光强的光信号之间的夹角。下文中为方便说明，将光束角记作2γ，由出射角为γ的光信号可以形成以光源的发光中心为顶点的正圆锥。该正圆锥在任意一个垂直于圆锥底面的界面上所形成的角为光束角2γ。
例如，若将光束角定义为光强达到法线光强50％处、两边所形成的夹角，当光线的出射角度达到光束角的一半γ时，沿该出射角度发射的光信号的强度为发光中心的光强的50％。
红外LED发光角度普遍较大，光束角分布在30°至140°之间。若将光束角定义为光强达到法线光强50％处、两边所形成的夹角，则光束角为30°可以是指，当该红外LED发射的光信号的出射角为15°时，该光信号的光强为该红外LED的发光中心的光强的50％。光束角为140°可以是指，当该红外LED发射的光信号的出射角为70°时，该光信号的光强为该红外LED的发光中心的光强的50％。
2、视场角(field of view，FOV)：或者称视角(angle of view)。以光学仪器的镜头为顶点，以被测目标的物像可通过镜头的最大范围的两条边缘构成的夹角。视场角是衡量感光元件接收影像的角度范围。
下面详细说明本申请实施例。
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种电子设备100的结构示意图。该电子设备100例如可以是手机、平板电脑、电子阅读器、笔记本电脑、车载设备或可穿戴设备等。图1以手机作为电子设备100的一例对电子设备的结构进行简单说明。
电子设备100包括壳体10和屏组件20。壳体10可用于保护电子设备。壳体10具体可包括中框和后盖。其中，中框可以包括暴露在电子设备100外部的边框和被边框包围的内部板件。中框一般采用金属材质，保证其良好的机械强度。屏组件20安装于内部板件的上方，后盖安装于内部板件的下方。边框环绕于后盖和屏组件20的周缘。换言之，屏组件20和后盖分别安装于中框的两侧。当用户使用电子设备100时，屏组件20通常朝向用户，后盖背离用户。
电子设备100还包括控制模块30。控制模块30收容于电子设备100之内，被中框、后盖以及屏组件20所包覆。控制模块30可以包括至少一个通信接口、总线、至少一个处理器和至少一个存储器。至少一个通信接口、至少一个处理器及至少一个存储器可通过总线相互通信。至少一个通信接口用于接收和发送数据。屏组件20可以连接一个或多个通信接口，使得控制模块30可以启动驱动电路205内的驱动单元，以触发驱动信号。
在本申请实施例中，电子设备100还包括指纹识别模组40。指纹识别模组40收容于电子设备100之内，且位于屏组件20的下方，被中框、后盖以及屏组件20所包覆。指纹识别模组40可用于采集光信号，基于接收到的光信号生成指纹图像。在某些可能的设计中，指纹识别模组40被集成在屏组件20中，属于屏组件20的一部分，或者说，屏组件20可以包括指纹识别模组40。在另一些可能的设计中，指纹识别模组40与屏组件20可以为相互独立的两个模块，屏组件20可以不包括指纹识别模组40。本申请对此不作限定。下文实施例中仅为便于理解和说明，将指纹识别模组40和屏组件20定义为独立的两个模块。
该指纹识别模组40可以连接一个或多个通信接口，以将指纹图像传输至处理器。至少一个存储器用于存储程序代码。程序代码包括指纹识别的代码。至少一个处理器可以用于执行上述应用程序代码。例如，至少一个处理器能够执行指纹识别的代码，以实现指纹识别。
图2是本申请实施例提供的用于电子设备的屏组件20的结构示意图。图2对图1所示电子设备100的屏组件20的结构做了更进一步的说明。屏组件20例如可以包括盖板玻璃(cover glass，CG)201、上偏光片202、彩膜基板203、液晶(liquid crystal，LC)层204、驱动电路205、下偏光片206、用于提供光源的发光二极管(LED)230、增透膜207、均光层208、导光层209、反射膜210、基底211。上述各层层叠设置。上述组件可以通过例如透明光学胶(optically clear adhesive，OCA)材料组装。反射膜210和基底211可以阻挡光线穿过屏组件20照射至电子设备100内部。该基底211例如可以包括铁框等。其中，增透膜207、均光层208、导光层209、反射膜210、基底211以及LED 230可以构成一个背光模组，用于为屏组件20提供均匀的面光源。
LED 230作为光源提供光信号。导光层209将LED 230入射的光信号均匀分散至整个平面。均光层208使得光信号更加均匀。增透膜207提高了由增透膜207射出的光信号的透射强度。
层叠在液晶层204两侧的上偏光片202、下偏光片206用于改变光信号的偏振特性。设置在液晶层204与下偏振光206之间的驱动电路205控制液晶层204中的液晶透光或不透光，即，控制从增透膜207入射的光是否穿过液晶层204到达屏组件20以外的区域，被人眼所接收到。
驱动电路205上可以设置有多个驱动单元。例如，一个驱动单元可以是一个或多个薄膜晶体管(thin film transistor，TFT)。通过控制驱动电路205可以控制驱动单元的通电状态，从而控制液晶层204中液晶的透光状态。具体地，当驱动电路205控制驱动单元通电时，来自LED 230的光信号可经由导光层209、均光层208、增透膜207、下偏光板206、液晶层204、彩膜基板203、上偏光板202和盖板201，达到屏组件20以外的区域。
应理解，上文所列举的TFT仅为驱动单元的一种可能的形式，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
图3是指纹识别模组获取指纹信息的示意图。如图3所示，该指纹识别模组40可以部署在屏组件下方。指纹识别模组40可以提供用于获取指纹信息的光信号，并接收由手指返回的光信号，得到手指的指纹信息。该屏组件例如可以是图2中所示的屏组件20，也可以与图2中所示的屏组件20不同。本申请对此不作限定。
如图3所示，该指纹识别模组40可以包括至少一个LED 401和至少一个图像传感器(下文简称传感器)402。其中，LED 401的发光面与屏组件20的下表面相对，用于发射光信号。可选地，LED 401为红外(infrared ray，IR)LED。当然，LED 401也可以为其他可提供较强穿透力的光信号的光源。本申请对此不作限定。传感器402位于LED的一侧，且该传感器402的感光面也与该屏组件20的下表面相对，用于接收光信号。
需要说明的是，由于LED 401可用于提供较强穿透力的光信号，该光信号可以穿透屏组件20到达手指，上文所述的屏组件20中的反射膜210对于该LED 401发射的光信号来说，反射作用并不是很显著。更准确地说，该反射膜210对于LED 401来说，是一层透射模。此外，由于位于屏组件20最底层的基底211不透光，可能会阻挡光信号向屏组件20以上的方向传播。若希望光信号穿透屏组件20进入手指，可以在与LED 501相对应的位置做开口处理，以使得光信号可穿透屏组件20向上传播。与此相似地，若希望从手指返回的光信号穿透屏组件20到达传感器402，可以在与传感器402相对应的位置做开口处理，以使得光信号可穿透屏组件20向下传播。
由于对屏组件20最底层的基底211做了开口处理，该屏组件20在与LED 401相对应的位置的下表面并不是基底211的下表面，而是除去了基底211之后露出于屏组件20下表面的其他层，如图2中所示的反射膜210。因此，对该屏组件20的基底211做了开口处理之后得到的屏组件的下表面可以称为背光面。因处于屏组件20的底部，故也可以称为背光底部。背光底部与LED 401的上表面以及传感器402的上表面相对。背光底部并不一定完全是屏组件200的基底构成，还有部分是由基底以上的其他层构成。下文中在提及屏组件20的下表面时，均可以基于上文所述来理解。为了简洁，后文不再重复说明。
另外，关于开口处理的具体介绍将在后文做详细说明，这里暂且省略对开口处理的详细说明。
下面简单说明本申请实施例提供的指纹识别模组40获取指纹信息的具体过程。
当手指放置于屏组件20上时，来自LED 401的光信号透过屏组件20照射在手指上。 一部分光信号可以透过手指的皮肤表面进入手指的内部传播，光信号在手指内部可以通过散射、折射等方式传播。在手指内部传播的光信号中，又有一部分光信号可以经皮肤表面的折射和散射而返回到屏组件20，最后到达传感器402。由于手指的指纹可以包括脊纹(或者称，脊线)和谷纹(或者称，谷线)，到达传感器402的光信号会产生亮暗的差异，由此可以提取到手指的指纹。例如，到达传感器402的较亮的光信号可以对应于手指的脊纹，到达传感器402的较暗的光信号可以对应于手指的谷纹。因此，传感器402读取到的光信号是从手指返回的光信号，该光信号主要可以包括：由LED 401发射至手指内部并经手指内部的传播后折射和散射出来的光信号。当然，该光信号也可以包括一部分由LED 401发射至手指表面后反射回来的光信号。
其中，屏组件20的上表面用于接收手指返回的光信号(例如可以包括上述折射光、散射光和反射光)的区域可以称为取像区域。也就是说，由手指返回的光信号可以通过屏组件20上表面的取像区域进入屏组件20，然后到达传感器402。到达传感器402的光信号可以用于获取指纹信息，该用于获取指纹信息的光信号可以转化为电信号，进而生成指纹图像。指纹图像便是对指纹信息的一种表现形式。该指纹图像可以被发送至处理器，例如上文图1中所示的控制模块30中的至少一个处理器中，以便实现指纹识别。
下文中为方便说明，将由LED发射至手指内部，并经由手指内部传播后散射和折射出来的光信号，以及由LED发射至手指表面，并由手指表面反射回来的光信号，统称为指纹光信号。简单地说，指纹光信号也就是携带有指纹信息的光信号。该指纹光信号可用于获取指纹信息，生成指纹图像。可以理解的是，指纹光信号经由屏组件向下传播时，也可能会在界面处发生反射，而丧失一部分光信号。也就是说，由手指表面返回的光信号并不一定全部到达传感器。但这并不影响传感器对指纹光信号的采集。
应理解，图3中示意的取像区域仅为便于理解，而不应对其区域大小构成任何限定。在采集指纹信息的过程中，手指表面可以与取像区域接触，以便准确地获取该手指的指纹信息。
此外，为便于理解，图3示意性地示出了取像区域、传感器402和LED 401的相对位置关系，以及光信号(如，图3中的a)中的光信号a)由LED 401发射至屏组件20、在手指中传播后返回屏组件20、然后发射至传感器的光路。如前所述，传感器402接收到的光信号是从手指返回的光信号，具体可以包括：由LED 401发射至手指内部并经手指内部的传播后又折射和散射出来的光信号，以及由LED 401发射至手指表面后又反射回来的光信号。图3中的a)中示出的光信号a是指纹光信号的一例。如图所示，光信号a经手指表面折射后进入手指内部，在手指内部发生散射后，部分光信号又返回屏组件20上，进入屏组件20上的取像区域的光信号有很大一部分可以到达传感器，生成指纹图像。
应理解，图3中的a)只是示意性地示出了光信号由LED发射至手指内部，经过传播后由手指返回的光路走向，本申请对光信号实际的传播路径以及入射到手指内部的光信号的数量等构成限定。此外，为了简洁，图3中的a)中并未示出光信号a由LED发射至手指表面而被反射至传感器的光路走向。但这不应对本申请构成任何限定。
可选地，该指纹识别模组40还包括至少一个透镜403，该至少一个透镜403例如可以包括3片透镜(3pieces lens，3p Lens)，这里所述的透镜例如可以是凸透镜。该至少一个透镜403可设置于传感器402和屏组件20之间。该至少一个透镜403的成像中心与传 感器402的感光面上的有效显示区(active area，AA)中心重合。该至少一个透镜403可以用于接收指纹光信号，光信号经该至少一个透镜403的汇聚后到达传感器402。因此通过在传感器402和屏组件20之间设置至少一个透镜403，可以将光信号汇聚至传感器402，提高指纹图像的清晰度。
应理解，图3仅为便于理解，示意性地示出了一个凸透镜，但这不应对本申请构成任何限定。本申请对于该至少一个透镜403所包含的透镜个数和种类不作限定。此外，为便于理解，图3中通过虚线示出了透镜403的视场角以及沿此视场角的方向入射到屏组件20内的光信号能够到达的区域。
光信号由LED 401发射并经由屏组件20向外传播的过程中，会出现界面发射。例如，光信号在屏组件20的盖板玻璃201处可能发生反射，又例如，光信号在屏组件20内部的界面处发生反射，如在下偏光板206和增透膜207的界面处发生反射。反射光可能由于入射角度较大而进入取像区域，也可能经过与界面的多次反射后进入取像区域，从而干扰了指纹信息的获取。
例如，图3中的b)示出的光信号b。光信号b在屏组件20的盖板玻璃201的上表面发生反射时，由于其入射角度较大，反射后的光信号进入了取像区域。该反射后的光信号光强较大，在传感器402上可能会形成很强的漏光。
图4示出了由于反射后的光信号进入取像区域造成的漏光现象。图4所示为位于屏组件20上方的测试靶在接收到来自LED 401的光信号后得到的示意图。由于一部分光信号在屏组件20发生了反射，而未能穿透屏组件20到达测试靶，出现了漏光现象。由图4可以看到，漏光导致测试靶上的图像局部过曝，图像中用于识别指纹信息的面积发生部分损失，从而不利于获取到手指指纹各个区域的信息，影响指纹信息的采集。
在本申请实施例中，为方便说明，将经屏组件的表面以及在屏组件内部各层之间的界面反射到达传感器的光信号称为杂光。杂光对由手指返回并到达传感器的光信号造成干扰，影响了指纹信息的获取，影响指纹图像的清晰度，因此可能影响指纹识别的效果。应理解，这里所说的反射并不仅限于一次，有些光信号经过多次反射后也可能会到达传感器，如后文中图17所示，这些光信号也是杂光的一部分。
有鉴于此，本申请提供一种指纹识别模组，以减小杂光干扰，从而减小对指纹信息的影响，提高指纹图像的清晰度。
下面结合附图详细说明本申请实施例提供的指纹识别模组。应理解，本申请提供的指纹识别模组并不仅限于上文图2中所示的LCD屏，还可适用于OLED屏。换句话说，本申请实施例中所提及的屏组件可以是LCD屏，也可以是OLED屏。本申请对于该指纹识别模组的应用范围不作限定。
图5是本申请实施例提供的指纹识别模组的示意图。图5具体示出了指纹识别模组50。该指纹识别模组50可以包括至少一个LED 501、至少一个传感器502和至少一个遮光件。应理解，图中仅为示例，示出了一个LED 501、一个传感器502和一个遮光件504。但这不应对本申请构成任何限定。本申请对于LED、传感器和遮光件的数量均不做限定。
具体地，LED 501的发光面与屏组件20的下表面相对，用于向屏组件20的方向发射光信号。传感器502位于LED 501的一侧。传感器502的感光面与屏组件20的下表面相对，可用于接收光信号。该传感器502接收到的光信号可以包括LED 501发射至手指而返 回的指纹光信号，以用于生成指纹图像。为便于理解，图5中通过虚线示出了该传感器502的视场角以及沿此视场角的方向入射到屏组件20内的光信号能够到达的区域。
遮光件504设置在该LED 501的附近区域。遮光件504的部分或全部位于LED 501和传感器502之间，以用于阻挡LED 501发射的一部分光信号。图5示出了遮光件504的全部位于LED 501和传感器502之间的一例。但这不应对本申请构成任何限定。例如，后文中的图9、图11至图17均示出了遮光件504的部分位于LED 501和传感器502之间的示意图。
由于在LED 501的附近区域设置了遮光件504，该LED发射的大角度出射光被阻挡，使得经过屏组件20表面的至少一次反射而到达传感器502的杂光减少，从而可以减小杂光对指纹光信号的干扰，也就是减小了杂光对指纹信息的干扰，从而有利于提高指纹图像的清晰度。
基于上述设计，在经LED 501的发光中心和传感器501的AA中心的平面上，该LED501发射的光信号的出射角度小于或等于上文所述的预定义角度θ。换言之，在经LED 501的发光中心和传感器501的AA中心的平面上，该遮光件504可用于阻挡LED 501发射的出射角大于θ的光信号。也就是说，经过该遮光件504的阻挡，在经LED 501的发光中心和传感器501的AA中心的平面上，该LED 501发射的光信号的最大出射角度为θ。
其中，可选地，预定义角度θ可以是在LED 501的光束角2γ的一半的附近取值，即，该预定义角度θ可以为γ或γ附近的值。这是由于LED灯的辐射强度与出射角度相关。具体地，当最大出射角θ在大于γ的范围内取值时，可以囊括较多的光信号，也就是可以囊括更多能量。但在最大出射角θ较大的情况下，图像传感器与LED的距离会拉远(这可以由下文示出的中心距L的计算公式看到)，图像传感器接收到的能量会降低。当最大出射角θ在小于或等于γ的范围内时，图像传感器接收到的能量损失可以减少，但到达手指的能量会减少。因此可以通过对遮光件的位置和外形的设计，使得在过LED的发光中心和图像传感器AA中心的平面上，将光信号的最大出射角度θ设计为γ或γ附近的值，以获得到达手指的能量和到达图像传感器的能量之间的平衡，从而可以较大程度地提高指纹图像的清晰度。
应理解，关于光源的辐射强度与出射角度之间的关系以及光束角的相关说明在上文已经做了详细说明，为了简洁，这里不再赘述。
另外，下文中提及LED的最大出射角度可以是指，该LED发射的光信号经过遮光件的阻挡后能够达到的出射角的最大值。下文中为了简洁，省略对相同或相似情况的说明。
需要说明的是，图5中示出的LED 501的上表面与屏组件20的下表面相对。也就是说，该LED 501的上表面为发光面。传感器502的上表面与屏组件20的下表面相对。也就是说，该传感器502的上表面为感光面。下文实施例中，当描述LED的上表面时，均可以认为是该LED的发光面；当描述传感器的上表面时，均可以认为是该传感器的感光面。
可选地，该指纹识别模组50还包括至少一个透镜，该至少一个透镜位于屏组件20与传感器502之间，该至少一个透镜的成像中心与传感器502的AA中心重合。该至少一个透镜可用于接收光信号，光信号经该至少一个透镜的汇聚后到达传感器502。换句话说，该至少一个透镜可以与一个传感器配合使用。
在一种可能的设计中，上述传感器和至少一个透镜可以定义为透镜模组，即，透镜模组包括传感器；在另一种可能的设计中，上述至少一个透镜可以定义为透镜模组，即，透镜模组和传感器单独定义。本申请中将传感器和至少一个透镜定义为透镜模组。但应理解，这只是定义的不同，并不对本申请构成任何限定。
如前所述，该至少一个透镜用于汇聚光线，以便获得清晰度较高的指纹图像。换句话说，即便该指纹识别模块中不包含透镜，传感器也可以基于接收到的光信号生成指纹图像。因此，该指纹识别模块中也可以不包含上述至少一个透镜，而仅包含传感器。下文结合附图的多个实施例仅为示意，以指纹识别模块包含透镜模组为例示出了指纹识别模块的多个示意图。若该指纹识别模块不包括上述至少一个透镜，则下文中在未作出特别说明的情况下，透镜模组可以替换为传感器。
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例提供的指纹识别模组，下面结合图6中的几个示例对该指纹识别模组做更进一步的说明。
图6是本申请实施例提供的指纹识别模组的另一示意图。图6具体示出了指纹识别模组50的几例。具体地，该指纹识别模组50可以包括至少一个LED 501、至少一个透镜模组505和至少一个遮光件504。其中，每个透镜模组505可以包括一个传感器502和至少一个透镜503。关于至少一个LED 501、至少一个透镜模组505和至少一个遮光件504参考上文中结合图5的相关描述。为便于理解，图6中通过虚线示出了该透镜模组505中透镜503的视场角以及沿此视场角的方向入射到屏组件20内的光信号能够到达的区域。
LED 501可用于提供光源。该LED 501的发光面与屏组件20的下表面相对，以用于向朝向屏组件20的方向可以发射光信号。可选地，LED 501为红外LED。LED 501可发射光信号，该光信号可穿透屏组件20到达手指。透镜模组505位于LED 501的一侧。该透镜模组505中的至少一个透镜503用于接收指纹光信号，光信号经至少一个透镜503的汇聚后到达传感器502。因此简单地说，该传感器502可用于接收指纹光信号。遮光件504可以靠近LED 501放置。遮光件504的一个侧面朝向LED 501，另一个侧面朝向透镜模组505。朝向LED 501的侧面可以用于吸收LED 501发射的一部分光信号。具体来说，该遮光件504朝向LED 501的侧面被设计为用于吸收出射角大于预定义角度(即，上文所述的θ)的光信号。为便于区分和说明，将该遮光件504朝向LED 501的侧表面记作第一表面，将出射角大于预定义角度θ的光信号记作大角度出射光。
可选地，该遮光件504的第一表面涂覆有吸光材料。或者，可选地，该遮光件504由吸光材料制备。本申请对于遮光件504的具体制备工艺和材料不作限定。只要该遮光件504朝向LED 501的表面具有吸光作用即可。
在本申请实施例中，指纹识别模组50包括的LED 501和透镜模组505的个数均为一个。该遮光件504可以被设计用于吸收出射角大于预定义角度且靠近透镜模组505的光信号，以减少来自LED 501的大角度出射光，从而避免大量的光信号经过屏组件20的反射后到达透镜模组505，而对指纹光信号造成干扰。因此，该遮光件504可以被设计用于阻挡LED 501在某一方向(如靠近透镜模组505的方向)上的大角度出射光，或者说，可以被设计用于阻挡LED 501的部分大角度出射光；该遮光件504也可以被设计用于阻挡LED 501在各个方向的大角度出射光，或者说，可以被设计用于阻挡LED 501的全部大角度出射光。
图6中的a)至c)示出了遮光件504的几例。图6中所示的遮光件504可用于阻挡LED 501在靠近传感器502方向上的大角度出射光。因此该遮光件504可以为平板状、圆弧板状等。下面结合图6中的a)至c)分别说明LED 501和遮光件504的相对位置关系。
为方便理解和说明，首先对图6中的a)和b)中涉及到的参数作出如下定义：遮光件504的下表面与LED 501的上表面之间的距离为h1，遮光件504的高度为h2，LED 501的发光中心与遮光件504的第一表面的距离为w1，LED 501靠近透镜模组的侧表面与遮光件501的第一表面的最小距离为w2。
在图6中的a)中，遮光件504的第一表面与LED 501的上表面垂直。遮光件504位于LED 501的上表面以上的区域。遮光件504的下表面与LED 501的上表面之间留有间距，即，上文所述的h1。该间距h1的设计可以基于可靠性的考虑，避免遮光件504碰撞到LED 501的上表面，而损伤LED 501。因此该间距h1可以大于或等于安全避让距离h 0。
如前所述，LED灯的辐射强度与出射角度相关。在本申请实施例中，可以考虑将LED501发射的光信号能够达到的最大出射角度θ控制在该LED的光束角的一半γ附近，例如2γ＝30°，则最大出射角度θ为15°。
应理解，预定义值θ的大小也可以是人为定义的。这里所列举的θ＝15°仅为示例，不应对本申请构成任何限定。通过控制LED 501发射的光信号的最大出射角度，可以将LED 501发射的光信号中到达屏组件20下表面的光信号控制在一个较小的范围内，而避免出射角较大的光信号被发射至屏组件20后又被反射至透镜模组505上。
基于上述对最大出射角度的控制，可以对遮光件504的高度h2做进一步的设计。在图6的a)中，w1/tanθ＝h2+h1。由此可以确定遮光件的高度h2＝w1/tanθ－h1。
图6中的b)中，遮光件504的第一表面与LED 501的上表面垂直。遮光件504位于LED 501的一侧，遮光件504的第一表面与LED 501的侧面之间留有间距，该间距的最小值即上文所述的w2。这里的w2之所以称为最小距离，是因为本申请对于LED 501的外形不作限定，例如可以是圆柱形、立方体、长方体或者其他不规则形状。当LED 501靠近传感器502的侧表面是平面，如该LED 501的外形为立方体、长方体等形状时，该侧表面距离第一平面的距离是一定的，即为w2；当LED 501靠近传感器502的侧表面不是平面时，如该LED 501的外形为圆柱形等形状时，该LED 501靠近传感器502的侧表面上的不同位置的点与第一表面的距离可能是不同的，此情况下，可定义w2为LED 501靠近传感器502的侧表面与遮光件501的第一表面的最小距离。
该最小距离w2的设计亦可基于可靠性的考虑，避免遮光件504碰撞到LED 501的侧面，而损伤LED 501。因此该间距w2也可以大于或等于安全避让距离h 0。
基于上述对最大出射角度的控制，可以对遮光件504的高度h2做进一步的设计。在图6的b)中，w1/tanθ＝h2－h1。由此可以确定遮光件的高度h2＝w1/tanθ+h1。
应理解，图6示出的a)和b)仅为LED 501和遮光件504的相对位置关系的两种可能的设计，不应对本申请构成任何限定。
例如，该遮光件504的第一表面并不一定垂直于LED 501的上表面。如图6中的c)所示，该遮光件504在垂直于屏组件方向(如在yoz平面)的截面形状上可以为梯形。即，遮光件504的第一表面与LED 501的上表面间存在小于90°的倾角。遮光件504的第一表面与LED 501的上表面不垂直时，仍需考虑遮光件504与LED 501之间的安全避让距 离。由于图6中的c)所示的遮光件504的第一表面与LED 501靠近透镜模组505的侧边可能发生碰撞，故可以设计该侧边与第一表面的最小距离大于或等于安全避让距离。
由于遮光件504的第一表面相对于LED 501上表面存在小于90°的倾角，该第一表面上的不同位置与LED 501的发光中心的距离是不同的。将遮光件504的第一表面与上表面的交线投影在LED 501上表面或LED 501上表面的延伸面上，可以确定发光中心与该投影之间的距离，例如记为w3。则w3/tanθ＝h2－h1，由此可以确定h2＝w3/tanθ+h1。
应理解，图6中的c)示出遮光件504的第一表面与LED 501的相对位置关系仅为示例，不应对本申请构成任何限定。例如，遮光件504的上表面也可以位于LED 501的上表面以上，则w3/tanθ＝h2+h1，由此可以确定h2＝w3/tanθ－h1。此情况下，h2需大于或等于安全避让距离h 0。
需要说明的是，由上文中示出的w1与h2的关系以及w3与h2的关系可知，w1或w3越大，h1也越大，遮光件的体积也随之增大。但遮光件的体积受到电子设备中可使用的空间的制约，因此可以根据可使用的空间来设计遮光件以及与LED之间的相对位置关系。
还应理解，图6中的a)至c)仅示出了遮光件504在垂直于屏组件20方向上的截面的示例。本申请对于该遮光件504的形状并不做限定。
图7示出了遮光件504的截面图和俯视图。
图7中的a)示出了该遮光件504在垂直于屏组件20的方向上的截面图。具体地，图中示出了该遮光件504在yoz平面上的截面图。如图所示，该遮光件504在yoz平面上的截面形状可以为矩形、方形，也可以为阶梯形、梯形等。为了简洁，这里不一一列举。但可以理解的是，无论该遮光件504在yoz平面上的截面是怎样的形状，该LED 501的最大出射角度可以由该遮光件504上表面与第一表面的交点的位置确定。
图7中的b)示出了由垂直于屏组件20的方向向下看而得到的该遮光件504的俯视图。如图所示，从垂直于屏组件20的方向向下看，该遮光件504可以呈方形、矩形，也可以呈圆弧形等。为了简洁，这里不一一列举。
基于上述对LED的最大出射角度的控制，可以进一步对传感器502与LED 501的相对位置关系做进一步的设计。如前所述，传感器502不希望接收到来自屏组件20的反射光，因此可以将传感器502放在尽可能远离LED 501的位置。但如果传感器502与LED 501的距离太远，所接收到的指纹光信号强度较弱。因此希望能够确定传感器502与LED 501间的距离，以在指纹光信号的强度和杂光数量之间获得平衡。
图8更进一步地示出了透镜模组505与LED 501的相对位置关系。为了简洁，图8中将透镜模组505作为一个整体示出，而未单独示出至少一个透镜503和传感器502。图8具体示出了透镜模组505与LED 501的中心距L’与各参数的关系。中心距L’具体可以是指LED 501的发光中心与透镜模组505中透镜的成像镜头中心的距离。应理解，对L的定义仅为便于理解而定义，基于相同的构思，本领域的技术人员可以对L’的定义作出等价替换或数学变换。这些替换或数学变换均应落入本申请的保护范围内。
为便于区分和说明，假设LED 501的上表面与屏组件20的下表面的距离为h。透镜模组505中透镜的成像镜头表面的出光孔直径(或者称，通光孔径)为CA。透镜模组505中透镜的成像镜头的FOV为2α。镜头表面的出光孔所在面与屏组件20的下表面的距离 为t’。屏组件的20的上表面与下表面的距离为d。由LED 501发射的光信号到达屏组件20的下表面的最大入射角与该LED 501的最大出射角度相关，在本实施例中，该LED 501的最大出射角度为θ，则由LED 501发射的光信号到达屏组件20的下表面的最大入射角为θ。由于光信号在进入屏组件20后发生了折射，则该光信号在到达屏组件20的上表面的入射角发生了变化，例如记作θ'。另外，由于透镜模组505中透镜成像镜头的FOV为2α，则由屏组件20的下表面出射的光信号到达透镜模组505的最大入射角为α。由于光信号在不同介质中的折射现象，光信号由屏组件20的上表面入射至下表面时的入射角与α不同，例如记作α'。α'也就表示光信号在所述屏组件表面发生折射时与出射角α对应的入射角。需要说明的是，当透镜模组505中包括多个透镜时，该透镜模组505中透镜的成像镜头表面的出光孔例如可以是指距离屏组件20最近的透镜的成像镜头表面的出光孔。若屏组件20位于透镜模组505的上方，则距离屏组件20最近的透镜可以是指透镜模组505包含的多个透镜中位于最上方的透镜。应理解，将距离屏组件20最近的透镜的成像镜头表面的出光孔定义为该透镜模组505中透镜的成像镜头表面的出光孔仅为一种可能的实现方式，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
透镜模组505可以接收到来自屏组件20的光信号的临界点为：由LED 501发射的光信号以入射角θ进入屏组件20，并以入射角α进入透镜模组505。也就是说，若LED 501发射的光信号以小于θ的入射角进入屏组件20，或者以小于α的出射角从屏组件20发射出来，透镜模组505是接收不到该光信号的。
换句话说，L’≥h×tanθ+d×tanθ'+d×tanα'+t’×tanα+CA/2。
当上式中右侧的各参数确定后计算所得的值可以理解为透镜模组505与LED 501的中心距的临界值，例如记作L 0’。
进一步地，若考虑系统公差，该LED的发光中心与图像传感器的AA中心的距离L满足：L’≥h×tanθ+d×tanθ'+d×tanα'+t’×tanα+CA/2+Δ，Δ表示系统公差。
该系统公差Δ例如可以是经验值，也可以根据系统(在本申请实施例中，该系统可以是指指纹识别模组)的尺寸、在电子设备中的组装位置以及与装配件的配合关系等来确定。本申请对于系统公差Δ的具体取值和确定方式不作限定。
如前所述，透镜模组505希望接收到的光信号是由手指返回的光信号，例如上文所述的由LED 501发射至手指内部，经过手指内部传播后折射和散射出来的光信号，以及由LED 501发射至手指表面后经手指表面反射回来的光信号。透镜模组505并不希望接收到由屏组件20的上、下表面以及屏组件20内的截面发射回来的光信号，这些光信号即上文所述的杂光，对指纹信息的采集造成干扰。
为方便理解，下面结合图8中的a)、b)和c)详细说明中心距L’等于、小于和大于临界值L 0’的情况下对指纹信息的不同影响。图8为了便于区分和说明，将可获得指纹信息的光信号a用细线示出，将无法获得指纹信息的光信号b用粗线示出。应理解，光信号a和光信号b仅为示例，不应对光信号的数量、传播路径以及强度构成任何限定。此外，为便于理解，图8中通过虚线示出了该透镜模组505中透镜的视场角以及沿此视场角的方向入射到屏组件20内的光信号能够到达的区域。
此外，为便于对比，图中的a)、b)和c)采用相同的LED 501、遮光件504、透镜模组505和屏组件20，除了透镜模组505发生移动，其他器件之间的相对位置不变。为 便于对比，图中以LED 501的发光中心为基准，该基准以虚线示出。
图8中的a)所示的LED 501的发光中心与透镜模组505的成像中心的中心距L’等于临界值L 0’的情况。如图所示，当通过遮光件504阻挡该靠近透镜模组505一侧的光信号时，图中示出的光信号c是能够从遮光件504出射的最大出射角的光信号，该光信号的出射角为θ。当中心距L’为临界值L 0’时，该光信号c经过屏组件20的反射后正好沿着透镜模组505的最大入射角度α进入透镜模组505。
若透镜模组505与LED 501的中心距小于该临界值L 0’，则透镜模组505接收到的杂光数量会增加。由于当透镜模组505与LED 501的中心距L’小于该临界值L 0’时，例如将透镜模组505向靠近LED 501的方向移动，如图8中的b)中虚线所示，由于透镜模组505的镜头表面左移，与之对应的取像区域也随着左移。原本未进入取像区域的反射光进入到了取像区域，也就使得原本未入射到镜头表面的反射光进入了该镜头表面。除了图中所示的光信号c之外，还可能有更多的出射角度小于θ的光信号经过屏组件20的反射而到达该透镜模组505。这就相当于允许了一部分由LED 501发射至屏组件20而反射回来的光信号(即，上文所述的杂光)进入透镜模组505。这些光信号在透镜模组505与LED 501的中心距大于或等于临界值L 0’的情况下，是处于成像镜头之外而不会被透镜模组505所接收到的，但却在透镜模组505与LED 501的中心距减小的情况下，进入了成像镜头的范围内，被透镜模组505接收到。因此，当透镜模组505与LED 501的中心距L’小于该临界值L 0’时，该透镜模组505接收到的杂光数量会增加。
若透镜模组505与LED 501的距离大于该临界值L 0’，则透镜模组505接收到的杂光数量可以减少。由于当透镜模组505与LED 501的中心距L’大于该临界值L 0’时，例如将透镜模组505向远离LED 501的方向移动，如图8中的c)中虚线所示，由于透镜模组505的镜头表面右移，与之对应的取像区域也随着右移。这就使得出射角度为θ的光信号(如图中的光信号c)也进入不到取像区域，被透镜模组505接收到的可能性不大。因此，当透镜模组505与LED 501的中心距L’大于该临界值L 0’时，透镜模组505接收到的杂光数量可以减少。然而，图中示出的光信号c之外，还可能由更多的出射角度小于θ的光信号经过手指返回后也无法进入到取像区域，被投影模组505接收到的可能性也不大。因此透镜模组505接收到的指纹光信号也会有所减少，光强会减弱。因此当透镜模组505与LED 501的距离过大时，也就使得传感器所采集到的指纹光信号减少，可能会影响指纹图像的清晰度。
综上所述，可以将透镜模组505与LED 501的中心距L’设计为大于或等于该临界值L 0’的值。
下文给出了一个具体的实施例。
h＝1mm，2θ＝30°，θ'＝9.93°，CA＝2.45mm，t’＝0.8mm，d＝1.956mm，2α＝123°，α'＝35.86°，Δ＝1mm。
代入上式可以得到：
L’≥1×tan15°+1.956×tan9.93°+1.956×tan35.86°+0.8×tan61.5°+2.45/2+1；
计算可得L’≥5.72mm。即，透镜模组505与LED 501的中心距L’的临界值L 0’为5.72mm。也就是说，透镜模组505与LED 501的中心距L’最小可以为5.72mm。
应理解，上文列举的各参数的取值仅为便于理解而示例，不应对本申请构成任何限定。 本申请对于各参数的具体取值不作限定。
基于上述设计，遮光件504通过吸收一部分大角度出射光，可以减少经屏组件20的反射到达透镜模组505的杂光。由此可以减小对指纹信息的干扰，有利于获得较高清晰度的指纹图像。尤其可以减少光强较强的杂光，避免漏光，减小曝光面积，有利于获得有效面积较大的指纹图像。因此从整体上来说，有利于获得完整清晰的指纹图像，进而提高指纹识别效率。
需要说明的是，上文所示对中心距L’的确定是在假设该指纹识别模组包括至少一个透镜的情况下而做出的设计。如前所述，该指纹识别模组并不一定包含该至少一个透镜，在这种情况下，中心距L可以定义为：LED的成像中心与传感器AA中心的距离。并且该中心距L满足：L≥h×tanθ+d×tanθ'+d×tanβ'+t×tanβ。其中，t表示传感器的感光面与屏组件20的下表面之间的距离，β为传感器的FOV，β'表示由屏组件的下表面出射的光信号到达传感器的入射角为β时，该光信号在屏组件下表面的入射角。
若考虑系统公差，该LED的发光中心与传感器AA中心的距离L满足：L≥h×tanθ+d×tanθ'+d×tanβ'+t×tanβ+Δ，Δ表示系统公差。
当然，上述至少一个透镜还可以由其他器件或器件的组合来替代。在这种情况下，上文中对中心距的定义可以随之变化，且对中心距L’的计算式中的α、α'、t和CA的取值和定义也可以随之变化。
如前所述，遮光件504也可以被设计用于阻挡LED 501在各个方向的大角度出射光。图9是本申请实施例提供的指纹识别模组的另一示意图。图9中示出的遮光件504可以从各个方向阻挡来自LED 501的大角度出射光。为便于理解，图9中通过虚线示出了该透镜模组505中透镜的视场角和沿此视场角的方向入射到屏组件20内的光信号能够到达的区域，以及LED 501发射的光信号能够到达的最大出射角度和沿此最大出射角度的方向入射到屏组件20内的光信号能够到达的区域。
具体地，该遮光件504可以为具有通光孔(或者称，出光孔)的结构件。该通光孔的孔壁从四周包围LED 501发射的光信号，以阻挡该LED 501发射的一部分出射光。例如，该遮光件504可以呈筒状，其内表面可以形成一圆柱，斜圆柱，椭圆柱，倒漏斗形，长方体，立方体，平面六边形，梯形体，或者，阶梯状的圆柱，阶梯状的斜圆柱，阶梯状的椭圆柱、阶梯状的倒漏斗形，阶梯状的长方体，阶梯状的立方体，阶梯状的平行六面体，阶梯状的梯形体等。为了简洁，这里不一一列举。可以理解的是，这里所说的遮光件504的通光孔的孔壁可用于阻挡来自LED 501各个方向的大角度出射光，与上文所述的第一表面具有相同的功能，也就可以理解为上文所述的第一表面。
可选地，该遮光件504的通光孔的孔口为圆形、椭圆形、方形或矩形。其中，通光孔的孔口形状可以是指由遮光件504的上表面与孔内壁的交线所得到的形状，或者，该通光孔可以是该遮光件504的内表面投影至屏组件20的下表面所得到的投影的形状。
可选地，遮光件504在垂直于屏组件20方向上(即，在yoz平面)的截面形状为方形、矩形、梯形、阶梯状的方形、阶梯状的矩形或阶梯状的梯形。
上述遮光件504的出光孔的孔口形状和垂直于屏组件20方向上的截面形状可以组合，由此，遮光件504的通光孔内壁可以形成各种不同的形状。
需要说明的是，当遮光件504的通光孔的孔口为圆形，且在垂直于屏组件20方向上 的截面图形关于LED 501的发光中心对称时，可以控制LED 501发射的光信号的最大出射角度在各个方向上都是相同的，如均为θ。这种设计尤其适用于多个透镜模组、多个LED和多个遮光件构成的阵列中的情形，如图18中所示；也可以适用于多个LED和多个遮光件均匀地分布在透镜模组中的情形，如图12中的c)所示。
当遮光件504的出光孔为椭圆形、方形或矩形时，LED 501发射的光信号的最大出射角度在各个方向上略有不同。例如，对于椭圆形来说，在长轴方向上的最大出射角度大于在短轴方向上的最大出射角度。对于方形或矩形来说，对角面上的最大出射角度大于任意两个相对面之间的最大出射角度。这种设计尤其适用于两个或更多个LED分布在一个透镜模组周围的情形，如图12中的a)、b)和d)所示。由于在不同的方向上采用了不同的最大出射角度，可以使得更多的光信号入射到屏组件20，也就是有利于提高光强，有利于获得更多的指纹信息，从而有利于获得更加清晰准确的指纹图像。
因此，根据不同的最大出射角度以及LED 501与透镜模组505之间的相对位置关系，可以对遮光件504的通光孔的形状做合理地设计。
当遮光件504的内表面在垂直于屏组件20的方向上的截面形状为阶梯状时，有利于更多的光信号入射到屏组件20。基于上文所述相同的原因，有利于获得更多的指纹光信号，有利于获得更加清晰准确的指纹图像。
图9中的a)至d)示出了该遮光件504的通光孔的孔壁在垂直于屏组件20的方向上的几种不同的截面形状。图9中具体示出了遮光件504的通光孔的孔壁在yoz平面上几种不同的截面形状。
如图9中的a)所示，该遮光件504的通光孔的孔壁在垂直于屏组件20的方向(如yoz平面)上的截面为矩形，该遮光件504的通光孔的孔壁在平行于屏组件20方向(如xoy平面)上的截面可以是圆形、椭圆形、方形、矩形等。因此，图9中的a)所示的遮光件504的通光孔的孔壁可以形成圆柱、椭圆柱、立方体、长方体等。
图9中的b)所示，该遮光件504的通光孔的孔壁在垂直于屏组件20的方向(如yoz平面)上的截面为平行四边形，该遮光件504的通光孔的孔壁在平行于屏组件20方向(如xoy平面)上的截面可以是圆形、椭圆形、方形、矩形等。因此，图9中的b)所示的遮光件504的通光孔的孔壁可以形成斜圆柱、斜椭圆柱、立方体、平行六面体等。
如图9中的c)所示，该遮光件504的通光孔的孔壁在垂直于屏组件20的方向(如yoz平面)上的截面为阶梯形，该遮光件504的通光孔的孔壁在平行于屏组件20方向(如xoy平面)上的截面可以是圆形、椭圆形、方形、矩形等。因此，图9中的c)所示的遮光件504的通光孔的孔壁可以形成阶梯状的圆柱、阶梯状的椭圆柱、阶梯状的立方体、阶梯状的长方体等。
如图9中的d)所示，该遮光件504的通光孔的孔壁在垂直于屏组件20的方向(如yoz平面)上的截面为阶梯形，该遮光件504的通光孔的孔壁在平行于屏组件20方向(如xoy平面)上的截面可以是圆形或方形等。因此，图9中的d)所示的遮光件504的通光孔的孔壁可以形成梯形体、倒漏斗形等。
应理解，上文结合图9列举了遮光件504的通光孔的孔壁可能形成的几种不同的形状，但这不应对本申请构成任何限定。
图9中LED 501、透镜模组505和遮光件504的相对位置关系可以参考上文中结合图 6和图8的描述，为了简洁，这里不再赘述。
此外，该遮光件504的外表面可以形成一圆柱，或者，阶梯状的圆柱，或者，长方体、立方体等。本申请对此不作限定。并且遮光件504的通光孔的孔壁所形成的形状与外表面所形成的形状无关。例如，该遮光件504的通光孔的孔壁可以形成一圆柱，该遮光件504的外表面可以形成一圆柱，则该遮光件504可以是一中空的圆柱体。又例如，该遮光件504的通光孔的孔壁可以形成一圆柱。再例如，该遮光件504的通光孔的孔壁形成一斜圆柱，该遮光件504的外表面可以形成一圆柱。为了简洁，这里不一一列举。
图10是本申请实施例提供的分别在指纹识别模组中采用和未采用遮光件得到的效果对比图。与上文图4相似，图10所示为位于屏组件20上方的测试靶在接收到来自LED 501的光信号后得到的示意图。图10中的a)示出了在指纹识别模组中未采用遮光件所得到的的示意图；图10中的b)示出了在指纹识别模组中采用如图9中所示的遮光件后所得到的示意图。经对比可以看到，在指纹识别模组未采用遮光件的情况下，光强分布不均匀，多处出现漏光现象。而在指纹识别模组采用了遮光件的情况下，光强分布较为均匀，漏光现象基本消除。
另一方面，为了配合指纹识别模组50的正常使用，可能需要对屏组件20做一些改进。
例如，由于指纹识别模组50位于屏组件20的下方，而由LED 401发射的光信号需要穿透屏组件20入射到手指，屏组件20的基底211可能会阻挡光信号向屏组件20以上的方向传播。若希望光信号穿透屏组件20进入手指，则需要在与LED 501相对应的位置对基底211做开口处理，以使得光信号可以向屏组件20以上的方向传播。具体地，可以在基底211上与遮光件504相对应的位置做开口处理。该开口的大小可以根据LED 501的最大出射角度、LED 501的上表面与基底211的上表面的距离确定。
以图9中的a)为例，假设LED 501发出的光信号的最大出射角度为θ，LED 501的上表面与基底211的上表面的距离为s1，则该开口例如可以是以LED 501的发光中心为圆心、以s1×tanθ为半径的圆，或者，也可以是以LED 501的发光中心为中心、以2×s1×tanθ为边长的正方形。该开口的形状可以与遮光件504的通光孔的形状相同。为了简洁，这里不一一列举。
与此相似地，经过在手指中传播后达到屏组件20的指纹光信号的强度被大大减弱，而无法穿透屏组件20的基底211。若希望指纹光信号到达透镜模组505，则需要对基底211做开口处理，以便于指纹光信号进入指纹识别模组50，从而获得指纹信息。具体地，可以在对应于取像区域的位置对基底211做开口处理，以使得落入取像区域的指纹光信号能够穿透屏组件20到达透镜模组505。该开口的大小例如可以根据透镜模组505的上表面与基底211的上表面之间的距离和透镜模组505中成像镜头的FOV确定。假设透镜模组505中成像镜头的FOV为2α，透镜模组505的上表面与基底211的上表面之间的距离为s2，则该开口例如可以是以透镜模组505的成像中心为圆心，以CA/2+s1/tanα为半径的圆。其中，CA和α的定义在上文已经结合图7做了详细说明，为了简洁，这里不再赘述。
其中，开口处理，也可以称为开窗、打孔、打洞等。即，将基底211上阻挡了光信号的那一部分材料去除，以保证光信号透过屏组件20向外发射，或者，保证光信号透过屏组件20到达透镜模组。由于通过开口处理，使得光信号可以穿过屏组件20到达手指，因 此经开口处理得到的开口也可以称为通光孔。
需要说明的是，这里所说的基底211上与遮光件504相对应的位置具体是指，在将指纹识别模组50和屏组件20分别装配在电子设备中时基底211上与遮光件504相对应的位置的位置。这里所说的基底211上与传感器502相对应的位置具体是指，在将指纹识别模组50和屏组件20分别装配在电子设备中时基底211上与传感器502相对应的位置。下文中，为了简洁，省略对相同或相似情况的说明。
为便于理解本申请实施例，上文结合图5至图9示出了指纹识别模组包括一个LED、一个透镜模组和一个遮光件的情形。但这不应对本申请构成任何限定。本申请对于LED的数量、传感器的数量、透镜模组的数量以及遮光件的数量均不做限定。但可以理解的是，遮光件可以与LED配合使用，故遮光件的数量可以与LED的数量相对应。透镜模组和传感器配合使用，故透镜模组的数量和传感器的数量相对应。
图11是本申请实施例提供的指纹识别模组的又一示意图。图11具体示出了指纹识别模组60。该指纹识别模组60包括多个LED 601、一个透镜模组605和多个遮光件604。图11中为了简洁，将透镜模组605作为一个整体示出，而未单独示出至少一个透镜和传感器。但这不应对本申请构成任何限定。为便于理解，图11中通过虚线示出了该透镜模组605中透镜的视场角和沿此视场角的方向入射到屏组件20内的光信号能够到达的区域，以及LED 601发射的光信号能够到达的最大出射角度和沿此最大出射角度的方向入射到屏组件20内的光信号能够到达的区域。
其中，LED 601可对应于图5至图9中所示的LED 501。透镜模组605可对应于图5至图9中所示的透镜模组505。关于LED 601和透镜模组605的相关说明可以参考上文中结合图5至图9中的相关说明。遮光件604可对应于图9中所示的遮光件504。关于遮光件604的相关说明可以参考上文中结合图9的相关说明。为了简洁，这里不再赘述。
如图11所示，该指纹识别模组60包括两个LED 601、两个遮光件604和一个透镜模组605。每个遮光件604与一个LED 601配合使用，可构成一个光源组件。光源组件可以设置在透镜模组605的附近，为获取指纹信息提供光信号。例如，光源组件与透镜模组的相对位置关系可以如上文所述：满足LED 601的中心与透镜模组605的成像镜头中心的距离L’大于或等于上文所述的临界值L 0’。
由于两个LED 601和两个遮光件604可构成两个光源组件，该两个光源组件可以对称地分布在透镜模组605的两侧，如图11中所示；也可以分布在透镜模组605的一侧，每个光源组件与透镜模组605的距离均可分别满足：LED 601与透镜模组605的中心距L’大于或等于临界值L 0’。如前所述，LED 601与透镜模组605的中心距为L’，则该两个光源组件中LED 601的发光中心可以分布在以传感器602的成像镜头中心为圆心、L’为半径的圆周上的任意位置。
应理解，图11仅为便于理解，示出了两个光源组件对称地放置在透镜模组两侧的情形。事实上，本申请对于光源组件的数量并不做限定。例如，光源组件可以为四个、八个、十二个等。多个光源组件可以均匀地或非均匀地分布在以透镜模组的成像镜头中心为圆心、L为半径的圆周上。
图12示出了多个光源组件与透镜模组的相对位置关系的几例。图12中从俯视的角度示出了多个光源组件与透镜模组的相对位置关系。图12示意性地示出了多个光源组件和 一个传感器。图12中示出的光源组件例如可以是上文结合图11所描述的光源组件，每个光源组件由一个遮光件604和一个LED 601组成。图中圆环形表示光源组件。遮光件为中空的圆柱体，遮挡住了处于其下方的LED，故在图中未单独示出LED。图中方形表示透镜模组。例如可以是上文结合图11所描述的透镜模组605。应理解图中示出的形状不应对遮光件和透镜模组等的外形构成任何限定。具体地，图12中的a)示出了两个光源组件分布在透镜模组两侧的一例。图12中的b)示出了两个光源组件分布于透镜模组一侧的一例。图12中的c)示出了四个光源组件均匀分布于透镜模组的四周的一例。图12中的d)示出了四个光源组件以两个为一组，分布于透镜模组的两侧的一例。为了简洁，这里不一一附图举例。
还应理解，本申请对于透镜模组的数量也不做限定。下文中会结合图18详细说明指纹识别模组包括多个透镜模组和多个光源组件的情形，这里暂且省略对此实施例的详细说明。
当然，多个光源组件与透镜模组之间的中心距也可以不同，但均应满足上文所述的大于或等于临界值L 0’的条件。
图13至图16是本申请实施例提供的指纹识别模组的装配示意图。图13至图16以图11所示的指纹识别模组60为例，示出了指纹识别模组装配在电子设备中的几种可能的实现方式。但这不应对本申请构成任何限定。基于相同或相似的方法，图5至图9中所示的指纹识别模组50均可装配在电子设备中。
作为一个实施例，该指纹识别模组中的透镜模组可以独立地固定在中框或屏组件的下表面。该指纹识别模组中的LED和遮光件(即上文所述光源组件)也可以独立地固定在中框或屏组件的下表面。
图13中示出了该指纹识别模组中的透镜模组独立地固定在中框，且LED和遮光件也独立地固定在中框的一例。
具体地，该透镜模组例如可以通过表面贴装工艺(surface mounting technology，SMT)等技术安装在支撑件1上，支撑件1可通过背胶或螺钉固定在中框上。为保证透镜模组接收到指纹光信号，需要对中框做开口处理。该中框的开口位置可以透镜模组的位置相对应，也就是与上文所述的屏组件的基底开口位置相对应，或者说，与取像区域相对应。为便于区分和说明，将与透镜模组对应的开口记作开口1。并且，开口1的数量可以与透镜模组的数量相同。每个开口1可对应于一个透镜模组。该开口1的大小可以与透镜模组的成像镜头的FOV、出光孔直径CA以及该透镜模组的上表面与中框下表面之间的距离相关。例如，假设该透镜模组的上表面与中框的上表面之间的距离为m2，则该开口1可以是以透镜模组的成像镜头中心为圆心、以CA/2+m2×tanα为半径的圆。
图13示出的开口1可以为圆形孔。支撑件1例如可通过背胶贴合在孔端面。即，支撑件1的上表面贴合在中框的下表面开口1的附近区域。应理解，这里所列举的开口1的形状仅为示例，该开口1例如也可以为阶梯孔、方形孔等，甚至还可以为不规则形状的通孔，本申请对于开口1的具体形状不作限定。还应理解，上文所列举的固定支撑件1的方式和固定的位置仅为示例，不应对本申请构成任何限定。
该指纹识别模组中的LED和遮光件(即上文所述光源组件)例如也可以通过SMT等技术安装在支撑件2上，该支撑件2例如可以由软板和补强板组合而成。该支撑件2可用 于承载光源组件。该支撑件2可以通过背胶或螺钉固定在中框或屏组件上。图中虽未示出，但支撑件2例如可以在垂直于屏组件的方向(如z向)上通过背胶或螺钉固定在中框或屏组件上。其中，遮光件的外形例如可以如图9或图11中所示，也可以为其他形状。本申请对此不作限定。
需要说明的是，图13中在LED上方所示的倒圆锥是LED在遮光件内形成的最大出射角度的示意。图13中在透镜模组上方所示的倒圆台是透镜模组成像镜头的FOV的示意。应理解，圆锥和圆台分别为对LED的最大出射角度和透镜模组成像镜头FOV的示意，不应对本申请构成任何限定，同时也不应对上述角度范围内的光信号所构成的外形构成任何限定。另外，后文的图15和图16中虽未示出，但图13中关于最大出射角度和FOV的示意和描述仍可以适用。
图14是本申请实施例提供的遮光件的又一示意图。如图14所示，遮光件的外表面向外延伸有一凸缘。该凸缘可以在遮光件的外表面的部分区域向外延伸，如图14所示；也可以围绕该遮光件的外缘的整个圆周，本申请对此不作限定。该凸缘可用于固定光源组件。例如，可以在凸缘的上表面涂抹背胶，以将该遮光件贴合在中框或屏组件的下表面。又例如，可以通过螺钉连接凸缘和中框。
为避开LED和遮光件，需要对中框做开口处理。该中框的开口位置可以与遮光件的位置相对应。该开口大小可以略大于遮光件的外表面。为便于区分和说明，将与遮光件对应的开口记作开口2。并且，开口2的数量可以与遮光件的数量相同。每个开口2可对应于一个遮光件。
图14示出的开口2为阶梯通孔。当遮光件604的外表面延伸有凸缘时，该凸缘可以的上表面可以与开口2的台阶面相对，通过背胶贴合或螺钉连接等方式来固定光源组件。
应理解，这里所列举的开口2的形状仅为示例，该开口2例如也可以为圆形孔、方形孔，但这仅为便于理解而示例，不应对本申请构成任何限定。还应理解，图13和图14所示的遮光件的外形以及遮光件与中框的连接方式和位置仅为示例，不应对本申请构成任何限定。图中虽未示出，但遮光件与中框或屏组件的连接方式并不限于上文所述。例如，遮光件外表面也可以不设置凸缘。该遮光件例如可以是中空的圆柱，开口2例如可以是圆形通孔，遮光件可以插入开口2的圆形通孔，并通过背胶将开口2的内表面与遮光件的外表面贴合固定。
无论开口2是圆形通孔，还是阶梯孔，该开口2在中框上表面的开口大小可以根据LED发射的光信号的最大出射角度以及LED的上表面与中框的上表面的距离来确定。并且，与上文所述的基底211的开口相似。该开口2的形状可以与遮光件504的出光孔的形状相同。假设LED的上表面与中框的上表面的距离为m1，则该开口2例如可以是以LED的发光中心为圆心、以m1/tanθ为半径的圆，或则，该开口2例如可以是以LED的发光中心为圆心、以2×m1/tanθ为边长的正方形等。为了简洁，这里不一一列举。关于θ的定义在上文已经做了详细说明，为了简洁，这里不再赘述。
还应理解，这里所说的“固定”例如可以通过背胶贴合或者螺钉固定等现有的方式来实现。为了简洁，本文对固定的具体方式不做详细说明。
作为另一个实施例，遮光件集成在电子设备的中框上。该中框位于屏组件与指纹识别模组之间，且中框在对应于LED的区域具有通光孔，该通光孔的孔壁从四周将LED发射 的光信号包围，以用于阻挡该LED发射的一部分光信号。
具体地，该指纹识别模组中的遮光件可以集成在中框上，或者说，该指纹识别模组中的遮光件可以与中框一体化设计。通过对中框开口并黑化的方式可以实现遮光件阻挡光信号的功能。另外，该指纹识别模组中的透镜模组可以独立地固定在中框或屏组件上，LED可以独立地固定在中框上。
图15示出了将遮光件集成在中框上的一例。如图15所示，透镜模组通过支撑件1连接在中框上的具体方法可以与上文结合图13所示的方法相同。为了配合该指纹识别模组，该中框上与传感器相对应的区域可以做开口处理。开口区域和大小具体可参考上文关于开口1的相关描述。为了简洁，这里不再赘述。
在图15中，与LED对应的区域也需要做开口处理。如前所述，与遮光件对应的区域可以记作开口2。在本实施例中，开口2也就是该中框上用于实现阻挡LED发射的一部分光信号的通光孔。。因此该开口2的内表面即为遮光件的通光孔的孔壁。通过对开口2的内表面及上、下端面做黑化处理，可以使该开口2吸收入射到其表面的光信号，从而实现遮光件阻挡光信号的功能。该开口2的内表面可以形成圆形、方形、矩形等，本申请对此不作限定。该开口2的内表面所形成的形状例如可以参考图9或图11中所示的遮光件的通光孔的孔壁所形成的形状。
图15所示的开口2为阶梯形圆孔。该阶梯形圆孔的台阶面可以与LED的上表面相对。该阶梯形圆孔的内表面(或者说孔壁)可形成大小不同的两个圆柱。形成较小圆柱的内表面可用于阻挡来自LED的大角度出射光，以实现遮光件阻挡光信号的功能。形成较大圆柱的内表面可包围在LED的侧表面。LED例如可以通过SMT等技术安装在支撑件2上。支撑件2的上表面可以通过背胶贴合或螺纹连接的方式固定在中框的下表面上。该开口2的大小可以根据遮光件的高度以及该LED发射的光信号的最大出射角度来确定。关于开口2的大小可参考上文结合图6所做的关于w1或w3的相关描述。例如，当遮光件的通光孔为圆形时，该开口2的大小例如可以是以w1或w3为半径的圆。
应理解，本实施例中关于中框的开口1、支撑件1和支撑件2的相关描述可以参考上文结合图13所做的描述，为了简洁，这里不再赘述。
作为又一个实施例，该指纹识别模组承载在支架上，并通过支架固定在屏组件下方。该支架包括主仓和副仓，主仓用于容纳图像传感器，副仓用于容纳LED，遮光件集成在副仓中，该副仓为贯穿该支架厚度方向的通光孔，该通光孔内可用于容纳LED，该通光孔的孔壁从四周将LED发射的光信号包围，以用于阻挡LED发射的一部分光信号。
具体地，该指纹识别模组可以共用同一支架，该支架可以同时实现承载和固定指纹识别模组，以及遮光件阻挡光信号的功能。
图16示出了指纹识别模组共用支架的一例。如图16所示，基于LED、遮光件和透镜模组的大小及相互间的相对位置关系，可以通过加工得到一体式的支架。该支架可以是一体成型的，也可以通过加工得到。本申请对此不作限定。该支架上与透镜模组对应的位置为主仓，主仓可以是贯穿支架厚度方向的通孔，也可以是未贯穿支架厚度方向的盲孔，主仓可用于容纳透镜模组。支架上与LED和遮光件对应的位置为副仓，副仓可以是贯穿支架厚度方向的通孔，用于容纳LED。遮光件可以集成在副仓中，副仓内表面(或者说孔壁)及上、下端面可以黑化处理，以吸收入射到其表面的光信号，从四周阻挡LED发射的光 信号，从而实现遮光件的功能。由于光信号可以穿过副仓到达手指，故该支架的副仓可以称为通光孔。
中框可以配合支架而设计。例如，在与主仓相对应的位置可以做开口处理，该开口也即上文所述的开口1。在与副仓相对应的位置可以做开口处理，该开口也即如上文所述的开口2。图16中所示的支架通过副仓与中框相连接。具体地，该中框的开口2可以是阶梯孔，该阶梯孔的台阶面可以与支架的上表面通过背胶贴合或螺钉连接等方式连接，以将支架固定在中框的下表面上。
此外，LED和透镜模组可以承载在支撑件上，如上文所述的支撑件1和支撑件2，也可以是如图16中所示的一体设计的支撑件。支撑件的上表面与支架的下表面相对，支撑件可通过背胶贴合或螺钉连接等方式固定在支架的下表面上。
应理解，图16中示出的支架的形状仅为示例，不应对本申请构成任何限定。只要该支架中设置有可用于容纳透镜模组的主仓和可用于容纳LED的副仓，均应落入本申请的保护范围内。此外，遮光件可以集成在副仓中；遮光件可以单独设置，并容纳于该副仓中。本申请对此不作限定。还应理解，本申请对于支架的固定方式和固定位置均不做限定。
基于上文实施例所提供的指纹识别模组，通过在LED边缘设置遮光件来吸收大角度出射光，可以减少经屏组件表面和内部截面的反射出来的光信号到达透镜模组，从而可以减少对指纹信息的干扰，有利于获得较高清晰度的指纹图像。并且通过提供了各种不同的装配方式，为该指纹识别模组在电子设备中的应用提供了多种可能的实现方式。
但应理解，上文仅为示例，示出了将本申请实施例提供的指纹识别模组应用于电子设备中的几种可能的装配示意图，这不应对该指纹识别模块的使用场景和装配方式构成任何限定。任何通过遮光件来阻挡大角度出射光，以减少杂光对指纹信息的干扰，从而提高指纹图像清晰度的方法，均应落入本申请的保护范围内。
另一方面，未被遮光件阻挡的光信号在入射至屏组件后，也有可能发生反射。并且，一些光信号经多次反射后也有可能会到达传感器。这些光信号虽然光强较弱，但仍有可能对指纹信息产生干扰，影响指纹图像的清晰度。因此这些经过多次反射后到达传感器的反射光也为杂光的一部分。
图17示出了经多次反射到达透镜模组的示意图。为便于理解，图17中通过虚线示出了该透镜模组505中透镜的视场角和沿此视场角的方向入射到屏组件内的光信号能够到达的区域。
为方便对比，图17中的a)示出了指纹光信号到达透镜模组的示意图，图17中的b)示出了经多次反射到达透镜模组的示意图。对于图17中的a)的说明可以参考上文图3中的a)的相关描述，为了简洁，这里不再赘述。图17的b)中，一些出射角较小的光信号(如图中示出的光信号d)可能并未被遮光件阻挡，仍然入射到了屏组件内，但在屏组件的上表面发生了反射后又到达屏组件的下表面。具体地，光信号可以在屏组件内的盖板玻璃的上表面处反射，到达屏组件内的基底的上表面后，又被反射回去。经过在上、下表面的多次反射后，该光信号也可能会进入取像区域，最终入射到透镜模组，造成对指纹信息的干扰。
为了进一步减小杂光对指纹信息的影响，可以对屏组件的基底的上、下表面进行黑化处理，以吸收经二次反射的光信号，避免光信号经多次反射到达透镜模组。
应理解，对屏组件的基底进行黑化处理可以与上文中结合图5至图16所示出的指纹识别模组结合使用，以更大程度地减少杂光。
此外，遮光件上表面与屏组件下表面之间的间隙(例如在上文结合图13至图16中所示的遮光件上表面与屏组件下表面之间的间隙)，可以通过填充遮光泡棉来遮挡，以进一步减少杂光。
因此，本申请实施例通过指纹识别模组中的遮光件吸收了大部分光强较强的杂光，通过对屏组件的基底进行黑化处理，以吸收一部分光强较弱的杂光，从很大程度上减少了杂光对指纹信息的干扰，有利于获得清晰度较高的指纹图像，从而有利于提高指纹识别效率。
上文中结合多个附图详细描述了本申请提供的多个实施例。但应理解，这些实施例及附图只是为了便于理解本申请而示例，不应对本申请构成任何限定。只要通过遮光件来阻挡LED的大角度光信号，以避免大角度光信号的反射光进入透镜模组对指纹信号产生干扰，均应落入本申请的保护范围内。
例如，该指纹识别模组可以包括多个透镜模组。每个透镜模组可以包括至少一个透镜和一个传感器。该多个透镜模组可以与多个LED和多个遮光件交错设置。例如，以“ABABA”的形式放置。图18是本申请实施例提供的指纹识别模组指纹识别模组中多个LED、多个遮光件以及多个透镜模组的排布示意图。图18示出的多个LED、多个遮光件以及多个透镜模组可以形成一个阵列。该阵列的每一行中，遮光件和LED构成的光源组件与透镜模组可以以ABABA”的形式排列。该阵列的每一列中，遮光件和LED构成的光源组件与透镜模组也可以以ABABA”的形式排列。图中空心方块可表示一个透镜模组，带阴影的方块可表示一个光源组件(即，一个遮光件和一个LED)。
可以理解的是，当多个LED、多个遮光件以及多个透镜模组相互交错地放置时，LED向各个方向发射的光信号都有可能会经反射到达相邻的一个或多个透镜模组上。因此，在此情况下，遮光件可以设计为可阻挡各个方向的大角度出射光的形状，例如可以采用图9、图11、图13至图16中任意一个附图中所示的遮光件。
因此，通过多个LED提供光源，以提高光信号的强度；并通过多个透镜模组来采集指纹光信号，可以在使得透镜模组在手指指纹的各个区域都可以采集到具有足够光强的指纹光信号，有利于获得完整且高清晰度的指纹图像，从而有利于提供指纹识别效率。
应理解，图18仅为便于理解而示意，不应对本申请构成任何限定。透镜模组的外形不一定为方形，遮光件和LED的外形也不一定为方形。该阵列所包含的行数和列数也并不一定为图中所示意。
需要说明的是，当透镜模组为多个时，每个透镜模组可以基于接收到的指纹光信号，生成指纹信息，并基于指纹信息生成指纹图像。多个透镜模组所生成的指纹图像可以合成一个完整的指纹图像。多个透镜模组合成指纹图像的具体方法可以参考现有技术，为了简洁，这里省略对该具体方法的详细说明。
应理解，本申请结合多个实施例和附图详细说明了本申请所提供的指纹识别模组的结构，以及该指纹识别模组用于识别指纹的具体过程。这些实施例及附图只是为了帮助本领域技术人员更好地理解本申请的技术方案，而并非是对本申请技术方案的限制。在受益于前述描述和相关附图中呈现的指导启示下，本领域技术人员将会想到本申请的许多改进和其他实施例。因此，本申请不限于所公开的特定实施例。
本申请还提供了一种电子设备，该电子设备可以包括屏组件以及上文所述多个实施例中任意一个实施例所示的指纹识别模组。例如上文结合图5至图9、图11至图18所示的指纹识别模组的各实施例。
为了减少漏光，获得更好的指纹识别效果，本申请还提供了一种屏组件。图19是本申请实施例提供的屏组件的示意图。如图19所示，该屏组件80至少可以包括基底801和反射膜802。该基底801和反射膜802按照逐渐远离光源的顺序层叠排布。该光源例如可以是上文所述的LED，如红外LED或者其他具有较强穿透力的光信号的光源。本申请对此不作限定。
此外，该屏组件80还可以包括导光层803、均光层(也可称为扩散片)804、增透膜805和盖板玻璃806。上述各层可以按照逐渐远离光源的顺序层叠排布，具体可参考图19中所示。由于上文已经结合图2对屏组件的结构做了详细说明，为了简洁，这里不作详述。
如前所述，为了保证LED所发射的光信号能够穿透屏组件80到达手指，可以对该屏组件80的基底801上与LED相对应的位置进行开口处理；为了保证由手指返回的携带有指纹信息的光信号穿透屏组件80到达图像传感器，可以对该屏组件80的基底801上与图像传感器相对应的位置进行开口处理。因此该屏组件80的基底801上具有与至少一个LED相对应的至少一个开口和与至少一个图像传感器相对应的至少一个开口。图中仅为便于理解而示例，示出了基底801中与LED相对应的一个开口，例如记为开口1(如图中的开口1所示)和与图像传感器相对应的一个开口，例如记为开口2(如图中的开口2所示)。可以理解的是，经过开口处理之后的屏组件80的下表面中，与LED的发光面对应的区域，为该屏组件中反射膜802的下表面；与图像传感器的感光面对应的区域，为该屏组件中反射膜802的下表面。
需要说明的是，前已述及，上文的图像传感器可以与至少一个透镜结合使用，因此，上文中的图像传感器可以替换为透镜模组。上述与图像传感器相对应的位置也可以被定义为与透镜模组相对应的位置，或者，与取像区域相对应的位置。关于图像传感器与透镜模组之间的关系在上文已经做了详细说明，为了简洁，这里不再重复。另外，由于上文中已经结合多个附图对开口的大小和位置做了详细说明，为了简洁，这里不再赘述。
在本申请实施例中，为了减少漏光，可以在该屏组件80中的多个界面进行处理，以减少杂光对传感器接收到的指纹光信号的干扰。为便于理解，图19中示出了多个界面。如图所示，该多个界面具体可以包括：界面一、界面二和界面三。其中，界面一为反射膜802的下表面；界面三为基底801的下表面；界面二为基底801的上表面。可以看到，界面三与界面一相对。应理解，上述界面一至界面三仅为便于区分而命名，不应对层叠顺序构成任何限定。还应理解，图中仅为示例，将多个层通过间隙区分开来，并不代表产品的真实形态。
之所以在反射膜802的下表面及其以下的界面进行界面处理，而不对反射膜802的上表面及其以上的界面进行界面处理，是因为可见光可以从该屏组件80的侧面入射，如图中左侧所示。可见光从屏组件80的侧面入射到反射膜802，经过反射膜802的反射，向盖板玻璃的方向传播，为屏幕提供光源。如果在反射膜802的上表面及其以上的界面进行界面处理，则可能会在对来自LED发射的光信号的处理(例如吸收光信号或减少反射光，下文会做具体说明)的同时，也对可见光进行了处理，减弱了达到盖板玻璃的可见光的强 度，从而影响屏幕的正常显示。
通过对界面一、界面二和界面三中的至少一个界面进行处理，使得界面一和界面二之间，和/或，界面三上增加一个或多个光信号处理层。该一个或多个光信号处理层可通过不同的方式对来自LED的光信号进行处理，例如散射、吸收等，使得到达透镜模组的未携带指纹信息的反射光减少。
下文示出了光信号处理层的几种可能的形式。
一种可能的设计是，上述一个或多个光信号处理层包括散射粒子。散射粒子可用于降低界面一对接收到的光信号的反射，但不影响光信号透过该反射膜802向上传播。因此，在界面一、界面二和界面三的至少一个界面上附着一层散射粒子，可有效降低对接收到的光信号的反射。
例如，可以在界面一、界面二和界面三的至少一个界面上喷涂可透射光信号的油墨。
一示例，在界面一上喷涂油墨。上述LED为红外LED，红外LED发射的红外光信号可透过油墨向玻璃盖板的方向传播。但由于油墨中含有散射粒子，可以降低对该红外光信号的反射作用，减少该界面一处的反射光。
可选地，可以选择在界面一的部分区域或全部区域附着散射粒子。其中，部分区域可以是指，界面一与LED和/或透镜模组相对的区域，也即图19中所示的开口1和/或开口2对应的位置。
需要说明的是，由于在界面一附着了一层散射粒子，使得原本入射到界面一的一部分光信号经散射被传播到其他方向，而未能够到达屏幕上方的指纹。从总体上来说，到达指纹的光信号减少，因此可能会造成所采集到的指纹光信号减少，在一定程度上对成像效果带来一定的影响。还需要说明的是，由于基底中与LED和图像传感器对应的区域需要进行开口处理，因此该散射粒子在附着在界面二和/或界面三上时，可能并不能对进行开口处理的区域(图19中所示的开口1和开口2)进行界面处理。
另一种可能的设计是，在界面一和界面二之间增加一层线偏振片和一层1/4波片(quarter-wave plate)，以减少界面一对接收到的光信号的反射。即，光信号处理层包括一层线偏振片和一层1/4波片。
其中，线偏振片位于1/4波片的下方，或者说，线偏振片较1/4波片更接近LED。因此，来自LED的红外光信号可以先到达线偏振片，再到达1/4波片。从反射膜802以上的界面反射回来的光信号可以先到达1/4波片，再到达线偏振片。
基于方式2所得到的界面一与界面二之间增加了一层线偏振片和一层1/4波片。由于来自LED的光信号经线偏振片和1/4波片后，有一部分光信号可以透过界面一的光信号在以上的界面反射回来再次经过1/4波片，相位旋转了90°，因此，这部分反射回来的光信号不会进入线偏振片，也就不会进入到图像传感器。因此，该线偏振片和1/4波片可用于隔离来自反射膜上方的反射光。在界面一和界面二之间增加线偏振片和1/4波片例如可以通过镀覆工艺来实现，或者也可将线偏振片和1/4波片平置于界面一和界面二之间。本申请对其具体实现方式不作限定。
需要说明的是，由于在界面一增加了一层线偏振片和一层1/4波片来减少反射光，只是通过改变光的相位来隔离反射光，但对透射光并不产生影响，因此对指纹光信号的影响很小，对成像效果基本上不造成影响。
由于通过增加线偏振片和1/4波片所带来的成本较大，因此可以考虑在界面一的部分区域增加线偏振片和1/4波片。而在其他位置可以考虑其他成本较小的界面处理方式。上述界面一的部分区域具体可以是指，界面一与LED和/或透镜模组相对的区域。也即图19中所示的开口1和/或开口2对应的位置。
当然，也可以在界面一的全部区域增加线偏振片和1/4波片。本申请对此不作限定。
应理解，上述针对界面一、界面二和界面三的至少一个界面上附着散射粒子与在界面一和界面二之间增加一层线偏振片和1/4波片的方式也可以结合使用，本申请对此不作限定。
在结合使用的情况下，上述光信号处理层可以包括至少一层散射粒子、一层线偏振片和一层1/4波片。本申请对于散射粒子与线偏振片和1/4波片在界面一下方的层叠顺序不做限定。
例如，散射粒子可以位于线偏振片和1/4波片的上方。即，来自LED的光信号先后依次到达1/4波片、线偏振片和散射粒子。此情况下，散射粒子可以通过喷涂或镀覆等工艺附着在界面一的下表面。
散射粒子也可以位于线偏振片和1/4波片的下方，更靠近LED，此情况下，该散射粒子可以通过上述喷涂或镀覆等工艺附着在界面二的上表面。
散射粒子还可以为多层，例如两层。一层附着在界面一的下方，另一侧附着在界面二的上方，两层散射粒子之间设置有线偏振片和1/4波片。此情况下，相当于对界面一和界面二都分别做了界面处理。
又一种可能的设计是，在界面一和界面二之间增设均光膜。即，光信号处理层为均光膜。该均光膜可透射LED发射的光信号，同时具有散射特性，可以减少界面一和界面二对接收到的光信号的反射。
该均光膜可以平铺在界面一与界面二之间。例如，该均光膜可以仅设置在界面一和界面二之间与LED和/或透镜模组相对应的位置，即，与图中开口1和/或开口2对应的位置，也可以设置与界面一或界面二的整个界面上。本申请对此不作限定。应理解，上述针对界面一、界面二和界面三的至少一个界面上附着散射粒子与在界面一和界面二之间增加均光膜的方式也可以结合使用。这就好比将上文中的线偏振片和1/4波片替换成了均光膜。为了简洁，这里不做赘述。
再一种可能的设计是，在界面二和界面三的至少一个界面上附着一层吸光材料。即，至少一个光信号处理层包含吸光材料。吸光材料可以将一部分杂光吸收，从而减少反射光。
需要说明的是，如前所述，在基底801上进行了开口处理，基底801具有如图19中所示的至少一个开口1和至少一个开口2。故在界面二和/或界面三附着吸光材料时，可以避开开口1和开口2的区域。
为便于理解，图20示出了光信号分别在界面二和界面三反射的示意图。如图20所示，由于光信号从LED发射出来后，一部分入射角度较小的光信号可以经过开口到达界面一。到达界面一的光信号有可能被反射至界面二，然后经过界面一和界面二之间的一次或多次反射后，可能到达传感器表面，如图中信号1所示。还有一部分入射角度较大的光信号可能被直接发射至界面三，经界面三的反射后也可能到达传感器，如图中信号2所示。可以理解，由界面一和界面二之间的一次或多次反射以及由界面三的反射而到达传感器的光信 号都未携带指纹信息，对传感器接收到的指纹光信号产生干扰，因此属于杂光。因此，可以通过在界面二和界面三的至少一个界面上附着吸光材料，来减少反射光，进而减少经一次或多次反射而到达传感器的杂光。
在界面二和/或界面三附着吸光材料的方法例如可以包括喷涂、镀覆等工艺来实现。在一种可能的实现方式中，可以在界面二和/或界面三喷涂或者电镀吸光材料。例如，上述LED为红外LED，该界面二和/或界面三上喷涂或电镀的吸光材料可以是红外吸光材料。该红外吸光材料可用于吸收接收到的红外光信号。
应理解，在不发生冲突的前提下，界面二和界面三的至少一个界面附着吸光材料可以与上文所述的在界面一、界面二和界面三的至少一个界面附着散射粒子、在界面二和界面三之间增加一层线偏振片和一层1/4波片结合使用；或者，也可以与上文所述的在界面一、界面二和界面三的至少一个界面附着散射粒子、在界面二和界面三之间增加一层均光膜结合使用；又或者，还可以与上文所述的在界面一、界面二和界面三的至少一个界面附着散射粒子、在界面二和界面三之间增加一层线偏振片和一层1/4波片、在界面二和界面三之间增加一层均光膜结合使用。此情况下，光信号处理层可以包括多个不同的处理层。各处理层的作用在上文中已经做了详细说明，为了简洁，这里不再赘述。
应理解，本领域的技术人员基于相同的构思，可以对上文列举的各种不同的光信号处理层进行结合或等价替换，这些结合或等价替换均应落入本申请的保护范围内。
基于上述方案，通过在屏组件中增设光信号处理层，可以通过对光信号的处理，减小界面对来自LED的光信号的反射，避免杂光对指纹光信号的干扰，从而有利于获得较为清晰的指纹图像，有利于提高指纹识别的效率。
应理解，上文所提供的屏组件80可以与上文所提供的指纹识别模组配合使用，也可以应用于其他屏下光学指纹识别系统中。本申请对此不作限定。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (33)

  1. 一种指纹识别模组，其特征在于，配置于电子设备的屏组件下方，所述指纹识别模组包括：
    发光二极管LED，所述LED的发光面与所述屏组件的下表面相对，用于发射光信号；
    图像传感器，位于所述LED的一侧，且所述图像传感器的感光面与所述屏组件的下表面相对，用于接收光信号；所述图像传感器接收到的光信号包括所述LED发射至手指而返回的指纹光信号，所述指纹光信号用于生成指纹图像；
    遮光件，所述遮光件的部分或全部位于所述LED与所述图像传感器之间，以用于阻挡所述LED发射的一部分光信号。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的指纹识别模组，其特征在于，在经所述LED的发光中心和所述图像传感器的有效显示区AA中心的平面上，所述遮光件用于阻挡所述LED发射的光信号中出射角大于θ的光信号，θ为预定义值。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的指纹识别模组，其特征在于，所述LED的发光中心与所述图像传感器的AA的中心的距离L满足：
    L≥h×tanθ+d×tanθ'+d×tanβ'+t×tanβ；
    其中，h表示所述LED的发光面与所述屏组件的下表面之间的距离，d表示所述屏组件的上表面与所述屏组件的下表面之间的距离，t表示所述图像传感器的感光面与所述屏组件的下表面之间的距离，θ为预定义值，θ表示在经所述LED的发光中心和所述图像传感器的AA中心的平面上，所述LED发射的光信号经所述遮光件的遮挡后能够达到的最大出射角，θ'表示入射角为θ的光信号在所述屏组件表面发生折射后的出射角，β为所述图像传感器的视场角的1/2，β'表示光信号在所述屏组件表面发生折射时与出射角β对应的入射角。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的指纹识别模组，其特征在于，所述LED的发光中心与所述图像传感器的AA的中心的距离L满足：
    L≥h×tanθ+d×tanθ'+d×tanβ'+t×tanβ+Δ；
    Δ表示系统公差。
  5. 如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的指纹识别模组，其特征在于，所述遮光件为具有通光孔的结构件，所述通光孔的孔壁从四周将所述LED发射的光信号包围，以用于阻挡所述LED发射的一部分光信号。
  6. 如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的指纹识别模组，其特征在于，所述遮光件集成在所述电子设备的中框上；所述中框位于所述屏组件与所述指纹识别模组之间，且所述中框在对应于所述LED的区域具有通光孔，所述通光孔的孔壁从四周将所述LED发射的光信号包围，以用于阻挡所述LED发射的一部分光信号。
  7. 如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的指纹识别模组，其特征在于，所述指纹识别模组承载在支架上，并通过所述支架固定在所述屏组件下方；所述支架包括主仓和副仓，所述主仓用于容纳所述图像传感器，所述副仓用于容纳所述LED，所述遮光件集成在所述副仓中，所述副仓为贯穿所述支架厚度方向的通光孔，所述通光孔与所述LED的区域对应， 所述通光孔的孔壁从四周将所述LED发射的光信号包围，以用于阻挡所述LED发射的一部分光信号。
  8. 如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的指纹识别模组，其特征在于，所述遮光件包围所述LED的光信号的面涂覆有吸光材料，或，所述遮光件由吸光材料制备。
  9. 如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的指纹识别模组，其特征在于，所述指纹识别模组包括多个LED、与所述多个LED对应的多个遮光件以及一个图像传感器；所述多个LED及其对应的多个遮光件均匀分布在所述图像传感器的四周，且每个遮光件的部分或全部位于所对应的LED与所述图像传感器之间。
  10. 如权利要求1至9中任一项所述的指纹识别模组，其特征在于，所述LED为红外LED。
  11. 根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的指纹识别模组，其特征在于，所述指纹识别模组还包括至少一个透镜，所述至少一个透镜位于所述屏组件与所述图像传感器之间，且所述至少一个透镜的成像中心与所述图像传感器的AA中心重合；所述至少一个透镜用于接收光信号，所述至少一个透镜接收到的光信号经汇聚后到达所述图像传感器。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的指纹识别模组，其特征在于，所述LED的发光中心与所述至少一个透镜的成像中心的距离L’满足：
    L’≥h×tanθ+d×tanθ'+d×tanα'+t’×tanα+CA/2；
    其中，h表示所述LED的发光面与所述屏组件的下表面之间的距离，d表示所述屏组件的上表面与所述屏组件的下表面之间的距离，t’表示所述至少一个透镜的出光孔所在的面与所述屏组件的下表面之间的距离，θ为预定义值，θ表示在经所述LED的发光中心和所述图像传感器的AA中心的平面上，所述LED发射的光信号经所述遮光件的遮挡后能够达到的最大出射角，θ'表示入射角为θ的光信号在所述屏组件表面发生折射后的出射角，CA表示所述至少一个透镜的出光孔直径，α为所述至少一个透镜的视场角的1/2，α'表示光信号在所述屏组件表面发生折射时与出射角α对应的入射角。
  13. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括屏组件和指纹识别模组；其中，所述指纹识别模组包括：
    发光二极管LED，所述LED的发光面与所述屏组件的下表面相对，用于发射光信号；
    图像传感器，位于所述LED的一侧，且所述图像传感器的感光面与所述屏组件的下表面相对，用于接收光信号；所述图像传感器接收到的光信号包括所述LED发射至手指而返回的指纹光信号，所述指纹光信号用于生成指纹图像；
    遮光件，所述遮光件的部分或全部位于所述LED与所述图像传感器之间，以用于阻挡所述LED发射的一部分光信号。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的电子设备，其特征在于，在经所述LED的发光中心和所述图像传感器的有效显示区AA中心的平面上，所述遮光件用于阻挡所述LED发射的出射角大于θ的光信号，θ为预定义值。
  15. 如权利要求13或14所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述LED的发光中心与所述图像传感器的AA的中心的距离L满足：
    L≥h×tanθ+d×tanθ'+d×tanβ'+t×tanβ；
    其中，h表示所述LED的发光面与所述屏组件的下表面之间的距离，d表示所述屏组 件的上表面与所述屏组件的下表面之间的距离，t表示所述图像传感器的感光面与所述屏组件的下表面之间的距离，θ为预定义值，θ表示在经所述LED的发光中心和所述图像传感器的AA中心的平面上，所述LED发射的光信号经所述遮光件的遮挡后能够达到的最大出射角，θ'表示入射角为θ的光信号在所述屏组件表面发生折射后的出射角，β为所述图像传感器的视场角的1/2，β'表示光信号在所述屏组件表面发生折射时与出射角β对应的入射角。
  16. 如权利要求13至15中任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述遮光件为具有通光孔的结构件，所述通光孔的孔壁从四周将所述LED发射的光信号包围，以用于阻挡所述LED发射的一部分光信号。
  17. 如权利要求13至15中任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述电子设备还包括中框，所述中框位于所述屏组件与所述指纹识别模组之间，所述遮光件集成在所述中框上，所述中框在对应于所述LED的区域具有通光孔，所述通光孔的孔壁从四周将所述LED发射的光信号包围，以用于阻挡所述LED发射的一部分光信号。
  18. 如权利要求13至15中任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述电子设备还包括支架，所述指纹识别模组承载在所述支架上，所述支架将所述指纹识别模组固定在所述屏组件下方；所述支架包括主仓和副仓，所述主仓容纳有所述传感器，所述副仓容纳有所述LED，所述遮光件集成在所述副仓上，所述副仓为贯穿所述支架厚度方向的通光孔，所述通光孔与所述LED的区域对应，所述通光孔的孔壁从四周将LED发射的光信号包围，以用于阻挡所述LED发射的一部分光信号。
  19. 如权利要求16至18中任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述通光孔的孔壁及孔端面经黑化处理，以用于吸收接收到的光信号。
  20. 如权利要求13至19中任一项所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述屏组件包括基底，所述基底位于所述屏组件的最下层，所述基底的下表面与所述指纹识别模组相对，所述基底的上表面和下表面经黑化处理，以用于吸收接收到的光信号。
  21. 一种屏组件，其特征在于，应用于配置有指纹识别模组的电子设备中，所述指纹识别模组包括发光二极管LED和图像传感器，所述屏组件的下表面与所述LED的发光面和所述图像传感器的感光面相对；所述屏组件包括基底和反射膜，所述基底与所述反射膜在垂直于LED的发光面的方向上层叠排布，所述基底位于所述反射膜的下方；
    其中，所述屏组件中具有一个或多个光信号处理层，所述一个或多个光信号处理层位于所述基底的上表面和所述反射膜的下表面之间，和/或，所述基底的下表面上；所述一个或多个光信号处理层用于对接收到的光信号进行处理，以减少对接收到的光信号的反射。
  22. 如权利要求21所述的屏组件，其特征在于，所述一个或多个光信号处理层包括散射粒子。
  23. 如权利要求22所述的屏组件，其特征在于，所述一个或多个光信号处理层包括油墨，所述油墨中含有所述散射粒子。
  24. 如权利要求22或23所述的屏组件，其特征在于，所述一个或多个光信号处理层通过喷涂或镀覆工艺附着在以下至少一个面上：所述反射膜的下表面、所述基底的上表面和所述基底的下表面。
  25. 如权利要求20所述的屏组件，其特征在于，所述一个或多个光信号处理层位于所述基底的上表面和所述反射膜的下表面之间。
  26. 如权利要求25所述的屏组件，其特征在于，所述一个或多个光处理信号层包括一层线偏振片和一层1/4波片，所述线偏振片较所述1/4波片更加靠近所述基底的上表面。
  27. 如权利要求26所述的屏组件，其特征在于，所述线偏振片和所述1/4波片位于所述基底的上表面和所述反射膜的下表面之间、与所述LED对应的区域。
  28. 如权利要求24所述的屏组件，其特征在于，所述一个或多个光信号处理层包括均光膜。
  29. 如权利要求21所述的屏组件，其特征在于，所述一个或多个光信号处理层中的至少一个层包含吸光材料。
  30. 如权利要求29所述的屏组件，其特征在于，包含所述吸光材料的至少一个层通过喷涂或镀覆工艺附着在所述基底的上表面和/或下表面。
  31. 如权利要求20所述的屏组件，其特征在于，所述一个或多个光信号处理层包括：
    至少一层散射粒子、一层线偏振片和一层1/4波片；或
    至少一层散射粒子和至少一层均光膜；或
    包含吸光材料的至少一个层、至少一层散射粒子、一层线偏振片和一层1/4波片；或
    包含吸光材料的至少一个层、至少一层散射粒子和至少一层均光膜。
  32. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括：
    如权利要求21至31中任一项所述的屏组件，和，指纹识别模组；
    其中，所述指纹识别模组包括：发光二极管LED和图像传感器；所述LED的发光面与所述屏组件的下表面相对，用于发射光信号；所述图像传感器位于所述LED的一侧，且所述图像传感器的感光面与所述屏组件的下表面相对，用于接收光信号；所述图像传感器接收到的光信号包括所述LED发射至手指而返回的指纹光信号，所述指纹光信号用于生成指纹图像。
  33. 如权利要求32所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述指纹识别模组还包括遮光件，所述遮光件的部分或全部位于所述LED与所述图像传感器之间，以用于阻挡所述LED发射的一部分光信号。
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