WO2020192797A1 - 自动卡盘装置、砂轮切割设备及切割方法 - Google Patents

自动卡盘装置、砂轮切割设备及切割方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020192797A1
WO2020192797A1 PCT/CN2020/082178 CN2020082178W WO2020192797A1 WO 2020192797 A1 WO2020192797 A1 WO 2020192797A1 CN 2020082178 W CN2020082178 W CN 2020082178W WO 2020192797 A1 WO2020192797 A1 WO 2020192797A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bar
chuck
grinding wheel
cutting
cutting equipment
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/082178
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周侠飞
李洪波
孟宇
万旭杰
Original Assignee
北京百慕合金有限责任公司
上海九玛机床有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 北京百慕合金有限责任公司, 上海九玛机床有限公司 filed Critical 北京百慕合金有限责任公司
Priority to US17/599,542 priority Critical patent/US20220152773A1/en
Priority to EP20777877.0A priority patent/EP3950192A4/en
Publication of WO2020192797A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020192797A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
    • B24B49/02—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation according to the instantaneous size and required size of the workpiece acted upon, the measuring or gauging being continuous or intermittent
    • B24B49/04—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation according to the instantaneous size and required size of the workpiece acted upon, the measuring or gauging being continuous or intermittent involving measurement of the workpiece at the place of grinding during grinding operation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B27/00—Other grinding machines or devices
    • B24B27/06—Grinders for cutting-off
    • B24B27/0675—Grinders for cutting-off methods therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B31/00—Chucks; Expansion mandrels; Adaptations thereof for remote control
    • B23B31/02—Chucks
    • B23B31/10—Chucks characterised by the retaining or gripping devices or their immediate operating means
    • B23B31/12—Chucks with simultaneously-acting jaws, whether or not also individually adjustable
    • B23B31/16—Chucks with simultaneously-acting jaws, whether or not also individually adjustable moving radially
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B27/00—Other grinding machines or devices
    • B24B27/06—Grinders for cutting-off
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B27/00—Other grinding machines or devices
    • B24B27/06—Grinders for cutting-off
    • B24B27/0683—Accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
    • B24B41/005—Feeding or manipulating devices specially adapted to grinding machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
    • B24B41/06—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies
    • B24B41/061—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies axially supporting turning workpieces, e.g. magnetically, pneumatically
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2231/00—Details of chucks, toolholder shanks or tool shanks
    • B23B2231/42—Chucks operated by a motor which is movable to engage with, or disengage from, the chuck operating means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to cutting technology, in particular to an automatic chuck device, grinding wheel cutting equipment and cutting method.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an automatic chuck device, which includes: a mechanical chuck, a mechanical chuck mounting bracket, a hydraulic motor, a lifting mechanism, and a chuck key And lifting cylinder;
  • the mechanical chuck is installed above the mechanical chuck mounting bracket, and the hydraulic motor, lifting mechanism and lifting cylinder are installed below the chuck mounting bracket;
  • the hydraulic motor controls the rotation of the chuck key, and the lifting cylinder controls the lifting mechanism to drive the chuck key up and down, and the chuck key controls the mechanical chuck to lock or loosen.
  • the present invention also provides a grinding wheel cutting equipment, including the above-mentioned automatic chuck device, and the grinding wheel cutting equipment chucks the bar material through the automatic chuck device to perform bar material cutting.
  • the grinding wheel cutting equipment includes: two sets of automatic chuck devices.
  • the present invention also provides a grinding wheel cutting equipment, including: a first laser ranging sensor, a main control device, a grinding wheel disc, and a front automatic chuck device, wherein the first laser ranging sensor is in communication connection with the main control device; wherein ,
  • the laser distance measuring sensor is used to collect the outer diameter of the bar.
  • the main control device transmits the collected outer diameter of the bar to an external device, and receives the external device according to the collected bar diameter and the material density of the bar.
  • the set material section weight determines the current material section length;
  • the main control device controls the grinding wheel to peel the bar according to the length of the material section determined by the external equipment
  • the automatic chuck device is used to clamp the bar during the cutting process.
  • the grinding wheel cutting equipment further includes: a second laser ranging sensor for collecting the cutting depth of the bar material.
  • the grinding wheel cutting equipment includes: two sets of the automatic chuck device.
  • the present invention also provides a bar cutting method, which uses the aforementioned grinding wheel cutting equipment for bar cutting, and the method includes:
  • the method further includes:
  • the invention can realize the automatic control of the locking method of the chuck, subverts the traditional mode of manual locking of the mechanical chuck in the prior art, improves the work efficiency, and ensures the locking force of the chuck.
  • the hydraulic motor is used to control the chuck key to lock the chuck. While the chuck is locked, the chuck lock pressure is controlled by controlling the torque of the hydraulic motor.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cutting device provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the feeding structure provided by this embodiment
  • Figure 3 is a side view of the automatic feeding mechanism in this embodiment
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a side view of the flip arm of this embodiment
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of lifting the bracket in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic diagram in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view of the automatic chuck locking device in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is a front view of the automatic chuck locking mechanism provided in this embodiment.
  • Figure 16 is a partial schematic diagram of the automatic chuck locking mechanism in this embodiment about the mechanical chuck
  • Figure 17 is a partial schematic diagram of a cutting device with two mechanical chucks installed in this embodiment
  • Figure 18 is a side view of the floating roller feeding mechanism in this embodiment.
  • Figure 19 is a partial schematic diagram of the floating roller feeding mechanism in this embodiment.
  • 19A is a partial schematic diagram of the floating roller feeding mechanism in this embodiment.
  • Figure 20 is a schematic diagram in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 21 is a schematic diagram in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of a dust collection device in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 22A is a schematic diagram of a dust collection device in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 23 is an overall schematic diagram of a grinding wheel cutting device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 24 is a flowchart of a cutting method in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of the grinding wheel disc device disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 26 is a side view of the flange in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 27 is a schematic diagram of a flange in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 28 is a side view of the pull rod in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 29 is a schematic diagram of a drawbar in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a grinding wheel cutting equipment.
  • the grinding wheel cutting equipment includes: a first laser ranging sensor, a main control device, and a grinding wheel disc.
  • the first laser ranging sensor is in communication connection with the main control device; wherein,
  • the laser ranging sensor is used to collect the outer diameter of the bar
  • the main control device is used to determine the current length of the material section according to the outer diameter of the collected bar material, the material density of the bar material and the set material section weight;
  • the main control device controls the grinding wheel to peel the bar according to the determined material section length.
  • the cutting of the master alloy is based on the weight required by the subsequent precision casting or powdering process.
  • the commonly used method in the prior art is fixed-length cutting, that is, depending on the outer diameter of the bar and the density of the master alloy material, set The cutting length is used to operate, and the same material is cut to length.
  • the master alloy rods of the same batch are often inconsistent due to the size of the ingot mold and the processing to eliminate the casting surface defects.
  • the existing outer diameter error will cause the weight of each cutting section to be different. Meet the weight requirements required by the subsequent precision casting or powder making process, resulting in waste or insufficient feeding.
  • the grinding wheel cutting equipment of the present invention provides a fixed-weight cutting method.
  • the laser distance meter laser distance sensor
  • the outer diameter data of the bar, the material density data of the bar and the required weight data determine the current cutting length of the bar. That is, use the following formula to determine the cutting length:
  • L is the determined cutting length
  • d is the outer diameter collected and measured by the distance measuring sensor
  • G is the weight of the material section after cutting set by the user, that is, the required weight
  • ⁇ the material density of the bar
  • ⁇ circumference ratio is the weight of the material section after cutting set by the user, that is, the required weight
  • the rod is driven to rotate by a rotating device, and a set of outer diameter data is measured, and the measured outer diameter data is averaged to obtain The outer diameter d, in order to make the accuracy higher.
  • FIG. 1 it is a schematic diagram of the cutting equipment provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the upper laser rangefinder 101 measures the outer diameter of the bar material 103, and the main control device ( Figure (Not marked in))
  • the cutting length is determined according to the outer diameter of the bar, the material density of the pre-stored bar and the set weight of the material section, and the grinding wheel cutting equipment cuts the bar according to the determined cutting length.
  • the mother alloy bar when cutting the mother alloy bar, it is considered that there are two ways to remove the oxide scale of the mother alloy bar.
  • the roundness of the bar peeled on the lathe is better, generally rotating 45°, while the roll mill
  • the bar material sometimes appears slightly elliptical, and it can be rotated by 90° when measuring the outer diameter.
  • the grinding wheel cutting equipment in this embodiment also includes an automatic feeding mechanism, as shown in FIG. 2, which is a schematic diagram of the feeding structure provided by this embodiment.
  • the feeding mechanism of this embodiment includes: a turning arm 201, a material rack platform 202 and an oil cylinder 203, the material rack platform 202 is used to place the bar material to be cut, and the oil cylinder 203 controls the turning arm 201 to extract the bar material 103 and send it to the cutting device for processing.
  • Figure 3 shows a side view of the automatic feeding mechanism in this embodiment.
  • the platform surface of this embodiment has an inclination angle of 5 degrees with the horizontal plane (the inclination angle in the embodiment of the present invention is not This is a limit), the material rod rolls to the front end of the turning arm by gravity, and the turning arm is driven by the oil cylinder to automatically place a single rod at the feeding station.
  • the turning arm 201 is controlled to rise and fall to feed a bar to be cut, and the stop block 205 prevents other bars on the rack platform 202 from rolling down.
  • the push rod 301 of the grinding wheel cutting equipment pushes the bar material into the automatic chuck (not shown in the figure) at the front end, and the chuck locks the material bar and rotates 45° or 90°.
  • the turning arm is provided with an L-shaped anti-retraction link 204 and a V-shaped structure at both ends.
  • the L-shaped anti-retraction link 204 The V-shaped structure 207 prevents the bar material 103 from rolling back and forth when it reaches the feeding roller 302, and the V-shaped structure 206 is used to extract a bar material when the turning arm is turned over.
  • the outer diameter of the bar 103 is detected by a laser rangefinder.
  • the laser rangefinder 701 in this embodiment is installed above the front of the chuck 702 to measure the outer diameter of the bar 103.
  • the main control device calculates the average value of the outer diameter, and calculates the cutting length according to the pre-stored bar density and the weight of the material to be cut (ie the weight of the material section). After the main control device drives the push rod 301 through the control drive device, the chuck 702 locks the rod. The grinding wheel cuts the bar.
  • the bar material is circularly cut by rotating the chuck, and the cutting is stopped after cutting to the preset central outer diameter. Set the depth to complete the cutting.
  • another laser rangefinder is used to measure the cutting depth of the bar.
  • the laser rangefinder 703 for measuring the cutting depth of the bar is set in the card. Above the rear of the disc 702, measure the cutting depth of the grinding wheel 705 to the bar 103.
  • the main control device determines the loss of the grinding wheel according to the preset algorithm according to the measured reserved center outer diameter. In the next cutting, the loss of the grinding wheel is compensated according to the determined loss to avoid The cutting depth is insufficient due to the wear of the grinding wheel.
  • the cutting device disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention cuts the bar
  • the cutting stops at the preset center outer diameter that is, the cutting device of the present invention does not cut the bar during the cutting process, and the grinding wheel does not pass through the center of the bar. It avoids the problem that the fine castings are scrapped due to inclusions due to the sand and dust entering the bar shrinkage during the grinding wheel cutting process.
  • the cutting device uses interactive rotary cutting to cut the bar material and controls the cutting depth, that is, the bar material is simultaneously rotated during cutting , Make a circular cut.
  • the embodiment of the present invention adopts the entire bar material with multiple cutting tools. Cutting by cutting. However, when the product is rotated and cut due to the bar material is not straight, it will shake (jump), which will cause the product to break or affect the cutting of the grinding wheel, and safety accidents may occur. Therefore, the cutting device of the embodiment of the present invention further includes: a flexible support Lifting device is used to provide flexible support for the cut part of the bar to prevent the bar from being thrown off during the rotating process or affecting the cutting of the bar by the rear grinding wheel.
  • the flexible lifting device includes: a lifting bracket, a V-shaped plate, a floating spring, and a first hydraulic cylinder; as shown in Figure 9, the lifting bracket includes: a cylinder mounting plate 901, a vertical moving plate 902, four guide rods 903, and a bottom plate 904.
  • the cylinder mounting plate 901 and the vertical moving plate 902 are both installed on the four guide rods 903.
  • the first hydraulic cylinder is mounted on the cylinder mounting plate 901.
  • the vertical moving plate 902 is mounted below the cylinder mounting plate 901.
  • the oil cylinder acts on the up-and-down moving plate 902 through the top plate 911, and the floating spring is arranged between the top plate 911 and the up-and-down moving plate 902.
  • the cylinder mounting plate 901, the moving plate 902 up and down, the guide rod 903 is mounted on the bottom plate 904 to form an upper lifting bracket
  • the sprocket for conveying the bar is mounted on the bottom plate 904 and passes through the upper lifting bracket.
  • the cut bar is placed on the sprocket 907, which is used to provide lifting for the bar.
  • the lifting device further includes: a bottom plate 904, a cross beam 905, and a vertical plate 906 to form a sprocket support platform for installing a sprocket 907 for conveying and lifting bars.
  • the chain plate 9071 of the sprocket 907 is provided with a V-shaped plate 908, and a floating stop screw 909 is installed on the V-shaped plate 908.
  • the head of the stop screw 909 is elastic and can be rotated in all directions to support the material Baton.
  • the flexible lifting device installs a floating spring 912 between the hydraulic cylinder 910 and the top plate 911, and connects with screws to reserve a certain amount of compression, and the sprocket 907 is installed on the bottom plate 904 of the flexible lifting device.
  • a second hydraulic cylinder (not shown in the figure) is provided below the bottom plate 904.
  • the second hydraulic cylinder is installed under the bottom plate 904 through a vertical plate 906, and the second hydraulic cylinder acts on the bottom plate through a cylinder top plate 913. 904.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 910 acts downward on the up and down moving plate 902, and the hydraulic cylinder under the bottom plate 904 acts upward on the top plate 913, which is clamped by the V-shaped plate 908 Tighten the bar 103 to provide flexible support for the bar.
  • a V-shaped plate 908 is also installed under the up and down moving plate 902, which cooperates with the V-shaped plate on the conveyor belt of the sprocket 907 to prevent the bar from shaking.
  • the flexible lifting device The upper and lower floating springs provide flexible lifting for the bar. The flexible lifting device moves synchronously with the bar, so that the bar can be cut stably under the lifting force.
  • the grinding wheel cutting equipment further includes: an automatic chuck locking device, as shown in FIG. 14, which is a cross-sectional view of the automatic chuck locking device in this embodiment.
  • the automatic chuck locking The device includes: mechanical chuck 1301, hydraulic motor 1302, lifting mechanism 1303, chuck key 1306 and lifting cylinder 1304.
  • Mechanical chuck 1301 is installed and fixed on the chuck mounting bracket 1305, hydraulic motor 1302, lifting mechanism 1303 and lifting cylinder 1304 Installed under the chuck mounting bracket 1305, the hydraulic motor controls the rotation of the chuck key 1306, and the lifting cylinder 1304 controls the lifting mechanism.
  • the lifting cylinder 1304 controls the lifting mechanism 1303 to lift the chuck key.
  • Figure 15 is a front view of the automatic chuck locking mechanism provided in this embodiment
  • Figure 16 is a partial schematic diagram of the automatic chuck locking mechanism in this embodiment about the mechanical chuck
  • the chuck key 1306 is installed through the chuck
  • the mounting plate of the bracket 1305 controls the rotation of the chuck
  • the chuck key hole 1307 is aligned with the chuck key 1306, and the chuck key 1306 controls the locking/releasing of the mechanical chuck 1301.
  • the mechanical chuck 1301 is used to replace the hydraulic chuck commonly used in the prior art, which solves the problem of the smaller inner hole of the hydraulic chuck, so that the cutting device in this embodiment meets more cutting requirements. Wider.
  • the locking of the chuck requires two actions to complete, one is the rotation movement of the chuck key, and the other is that the chuck key needs to escape or enter the chuck hole.
  • the chuck key must be organically combined with the rotating mechanism and the lifting mechanism.
  • the automatic locking mechanism of the chuck adopts the organic combination of the hydraulic motor and the lifting cylinder to convert the torque of the hydraulic motor into pressure to control the degree of locking of the chuck, and the hydraulic motor is controlled by the pressure sensor to realize the clamping The purpose of disk locking.
  • the action of the lifting cylinder separates or enters the chuck key from the chuck.
  • the cutting device can have two A set of automatic chuck locking mechanism, through the two mechanical chucks in the cutting process to better fix the bar, provide more stable support for the cut bar, as shown in Figure 17, for the installation of two mechanical chucks 1301 A partial schematic diagram of the cutting equipment.
  • the sprocket further transports the bar material to the next operating station for crushing.
  • the cutting device in this embodiment is performing compression
  • the break operation station is also equipped with a floating roller feeding mechanism. Through the floating roller feeding mechanism, the safety of the roller must be ensured when the bar is broken, and there must be sufficient resilience, and the stability of long-term operation must be ensured. It solves the problem that the existing roller feeding mechanism is lifted and lowered by air cylinders, which has high cost and inaccurate positioning of the workpiece.
  • the roller feeding mechanism in this embodiment ensures smooth movement of the product, guarantees the safety of the rollers and related mechanisms when crushing, and the crushing position is accurate .
  • FIGS. 19 and 19A are partial schematic diagrams of the floating roller feeding mechanism in this embodiment.
  • the connecting plate 1804 and the longitudinal connecting plate 1805 constitute the support of the floating roller feeding mechanism.
  • the connecting plate 1804 is installed on the base that carries the feeding mechanism by screws.
  • the spring 1803 is sleeved on the screw to provide elastic floating for the feeding mechanism to realize the floating roller in this embodiment. Feeding.
  • the control device controls the floating roller feeding mechanism to transfer the cut bar to the designated position, and is tightened and fixed by the tightening device, as shown in Figure 20, the bar is clamped by the clamping and fixing device 1901, and then The crushing device punches the bar material and crushes the bar material at the circular incision after cutting.
  • the cutting device in the embodiment of the present invention has a V-shaped bracket 1802, and the control device controls the floating roller feeding mechanism to transfer the cut bar to the bracket 1802, and makes the circular cut formed by the cutting located outside the bracket. .
  • the cutting device in this embodiment has a discharge port 1902, and the control device controls the floating roller feeding mechanism to transfer the cut bar to the discharge port 1902, and makes the circular cut formed by cutting located at the feed port The outside, so that when the bar material 103 is punched by the press-breaking device, the bar material is crushed at the annular cut formed by the cutting device after the bar material is cut.
  • the grinding wheel cutting equipment disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention also has a smoke and dust air duct and a particle collection device.
  • the particle collection device is set at the position where the bar is cut to collect the particles generated during the bar cutting process, as shown in FIG. 22
  • the particle collection device 2201 is located below the cutting wheel, and the dust air duct 2202 is provided above the particle collection device 2201.
  • the present invention provides a flue gas particle collection device, which is used to collect flue gas and particles generated when cutting equipment cuts bar stock.
  • the flue gas particle collection device includes: a flue gas particle dust collecting box 2201 and a flue gas duct 2202; flue gas particles
  • the dust box 2201 is arranged below the tangent direction of the contact point between the grinding wheel sheet and the material bar of the cutting equipment to collect particles generated by the cutting equipment.
  • the smoke and dust air duct 2202 is arranged between the flue gas particle dust box 2201 and the grinding wheel sheet, and The smoke and dust ducts are connected to discharge the generated smoke and dust.
  • the flue gas particle collection device further includes a housing 2203, and the flue gas particle dust collection box 2201 is installed on the housing 2203 through a drawer structure.
  • the soot air duct 2202 and the particle collection device 2201 are effectively combined, and the soot air duct 2202 is designed on the upper part of the particle collection device 2201. Because the density of the soot is different from the particles, the soot is discharged through the soot duct 2202, and the particles are It sinks to the bottom of the particle collection device 2201 by its own weight, and discharges the smoke and particles in layers, prolongs the cycle of replacing the filter cartridge of the cutting equipment, reduces the use cost of the filter cartridge, and facilitates the collection of particles. In addition, in the processing of superalloys, due to the scarcity of strengthening elements, it is more important to collect superalloy waste by grade and classification.
  • the flue gas particle collection device of the present invention uses a drawer-type dust box to collect Different grades of particles are collected in different dust collection boxes, which realizes the graded and classified collection of particles to facilitate recycling.
  • the grinding wheel cutting equipment provided by the present invention improves work efficiency, reduces labor intensity, and at the same time improves the quality of the product
  • the grinding wheel cutting equipment in this embodiment includes an automatic feeding mechanism, a chuck locking mechanism, a flexible lifting mechanism,
  • Each module such as the dust particle collection mechanism can be modularized and independently designed and assembled. The assembly is completed by connecting parts such as screws, providing a more convenient and intelligent cutting equipment.
  • the grinding wheel cutting device provided by the embodiment of the present invention further includes: a plurality of housings, and each of the above-mentioned mechanism modules are respectively arranged in one housing.
  • Fig. 23 is an overall schematic diagram of a cutting device in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the cutting of metal materials has always been a type of work that is physically demanding, highly polluting, accidental, and low in automation.
  • the present invention provides a set of fully-automatic and fully enclosed grinding wheel cutting equipment to improve the safety factor and work efficiency of grinding wheel cutting, reduce labor intensity and occupational injuries, and meet the accuracy requirements of workpieces with intelligent program control.
  • a system solution that prevents contamination of the workpiece during the machining process is realized.
  • the present invention provides a grinding wheel device.
  • the grinding wheel device includes: a grinding wheel 251, a flange 252, a tie rod 253 and a main shaft 254; the grinding wheel 251 is installed on one side of the flange 252, and the flange 252 The other side is a tapered barrel with a buckle groove, the end of the pull rod has a T-shaped buckle, and the pull rod matches the buckle groove of the tapered barrel through the T-shaped buckle;
  • FIGS 26 and 27 are side views and schematic diagrams of the flange 252 in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the flange 252 has a tapered cone 2521, and the end of the cone 2521 has a clamp that matches the T-shaped buckle of the pull rod. ⁇ 2522.
  • the end of the pull rod has a T-shaped buckle 2531, and the pull rod is matched with the buckle groove 2522 of the cone through the T-shaped buckle 2531 ;
  • the tie rod 253 penetrates the main shaft, and the tie rod head 2532 is fixed to one end of the main shaft.
  • the tie rod head is fixed to one end of the main shaft by bolts.
  • At least one spring is provided between the head of the tie rod and the main shaft.
  • four bolts are used to fix the tie rod to the main shaft through the threaded holes 2533.
  • the spring between the head and the main shaft pulls the flange through the spring and pull rod to ensure the stability of the grinding wheel during cutting.
  • the cone 2521 is inserted into the main shaft from the other end of the main shaft, and the buckle groove is connected with the T-shaped buckle of the pull rod in the main shaft to fix the flange with the grinding wheel on the other end of the main shaft.
  • the grinding wheel is connected to one side of the flange by threads.
  • the grinding wheel device further includes: a grinding wheel pressing plate 255, the grinding wheel pressing plate 255 has internal threads, the flange 252 has a shaft end 2523, and the shaft end 2523 has an internal thread corresponding to the grinding wheel pressing plate 255. With matching external threads, the grinding wheel is connected to one side of the flange through the grinding wheel pressure plate.
  • a hydraulic oil cylinder is used, and the head of the pull rod is pushed by the hydraulic cylinder, and the pull rod is rotated to disengage the flange from the main shaft, so that the flange and the grinding wheel are quickly replaced.
  • the embodiment of the present invention also provides a grinding wheel cutting device.
  • the grinding wheel cutting device has the aforementioned grinding wheel device.
  • the transmission device of the grinding wheel device drives the main shaft of the grinding wheel device to drive the grinding wheel to rotate and cut.
  • the present invention also provides a bar cutting method, which uses the grinding wheel cutting device disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention to perform bar cutting. As shown in FIG. 24, the method includes:
  • Step S101 Determine the material density of the bar to be cut and the set weight of the material section according to the user instruction
  • Step S102 collecting outer diameter data of the bar material
  • Step S103 Determine the length of the material section according to the outer diameter data, the material density of the bar to be cut, and the weight of the material section;
  • Step S104 cutting the material bar according to the determined material section length.
  • the method provided in the embodiment of the present invention realizes the control of cutting equipment by the cutting equipment in a quantitative manner, accurately controls the weight of each material section cut, reduces the weight deviation caused by the irregularity of the as-cast port, and reduces the impact on the ejection equipment Indicator requirements.
  • the embodiments of the present invention may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention may adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Moreover, the present invention may adopt the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program codes.
  • a computer-usable storage media including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.
  • These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can guide a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including the instruction device.
  • the device implements the functions specified in one process or multiple processes in the flowchart and/or one block or multiple blocks in the block diagram.
  • These computer program instructions can also be loaded on a computer or other programmable data processing equipment, so that a series of operation steps are executed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce computer-implemented processing, so as to execute on the computer or other programmable equipment.
  • the instructions provide steps for implementing functions specified in a flow or multiple flows in the flowchart and/or a block or multiple blocks in the block diagram.

Abstract

一种自动卡盘装置，包括：机械卡盘（1301），机械卡盘安装支架（1305），液压马达（1302），升降机构（1303），卡盘钥匙（1306）以及升降油缸（1304）；机械卡盘（1301）安装于机械卡盘安装支架（1305）的上方，液压马达（1302），升降机构（1303）以及升降油缸（1304）安装于卡盘安装支架（1305）的下方；液压马达（1302）控制卡盘钥匙（1306）旋转，升降油缸（1304）控制升降机构（1303）的升降带动卡盘钥匙（1306）升降，通过卡盘钥匙（1306）控制机械卡盘（1301）锁紧或放松，还包括一种砂轮切割设备及棒料切割方法。实现了自动控制卡盘的锁紧方法，提高了工作效率，保证了卡盘的锁紧力。

Description

自动卡盘装置、砂轮切割设备及切割方法 技术领域
本发明涉及切割技术，具体的讲是一种自动卡盘装置、砂轮切割设备及切割方法。
背景技术
目前对被切割的棒料进行卡盘锁紧的方式有两种：一种是人工手动锁紧/放松；另一种是利用液压卡盘对棒料锁紧。
人工锁紧/放松，效率低，劳动强度大。而液压卡盘因内孔的直径偏小无法满足棒料切割的实际需求，且安装方式不合理。
因此，需要一种更高效、便捷、应用更广泛的卡紧方案，以解决现有技术中存在的诸多问题。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中卡盘锁紧操作效率低的问题，本发明实施例提供了一种自动卡盘装置，包括：机械卡盘，机械卡盘安装支架，液压马达，升降机构，卡盘钥匙以及升降油缸；
机械卡盘安装于机械卡盘安装支架的上方，液压马达，升降机构以及升降油缸安装于卡盘安装支架的下方；
液压马达控制卡盘钥匙旋转，升降油缸控制升降机构的升降带动卡盘钥匙升降，通过卡盘钥匙控制机械卡盘锁紧或放松。
本发明还提供一种砂轮切割设备，包括上述的自动卡盘装置，砂轮切割设备通过所述自动卡盘装置卡紧棒料进行棒料切割。
本发明实施例中，所述的砂轮切割设备包括：两套自动卡盘装置。
本发明还提供一种砂轮切割设备，包括：第一激光测距传感器、主控装置、砂轮片以及前的自动卡盘装置，所述的第一激光测距传感器与主控装置通信连接；其中，
所述的激光测距传感器，用于采集棒料的外径，主控装置将采集的棒料外径传输到外部设备，并接收外部设备根据采集的棒料的外径、棒料的材料密度以及设置的料段重量确定当前的料段长度；
所述的主控装置根据外部设备确定的料段长度控制砂轮片对棒料进行旋切；
所述自动卡盘装置用于在切割过程中卡紧棒料。
本发明实施例中，所述的砂轮切割设备还包括：第二激光测距传感器，用于采集棒料的切割深度。
本发明实施例中，所述的砂轮切割设备包括：两套所述的自动卡盘装置。
本发明还提供一种棒料切割方法，利用前述的砂轮切割设备进行棒料切割，所述的方法包括：
根据用户指令确定待切割棒料的材料密度及设置的料段重量；
采集棒料的外径数据；
根据所述的外径数据、待切割棒料的材料密度及料段重量确定料段长度；
根据确定的料段长度切割料棒。
本发明实施例中，所述的方法还包括：
采集棒料的切割深度；
根据采集的切割深度和预存的补偿算法确定下一次切割砂轮补偿深度。
本发明能够实现自动控制卡盘的锁紧方法，颠覆了现有技术中机械卡盘需要人工锁紧的传统模式，提高了工作效率，保证卡盘的锁紧力。利用液压马达控制卡盘钥匙锁紧卡盘，实现卡盘锁紧的同时，通过控制液压马达的扭力控制卡盘锁紧压力。
为让本发明的上述和其他目的、特征和优点能更明显易懂，下文特举较佳实施例，并配合所附图式，作详细说明如下。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明一实施例提供的切割设备的示意图；
图2为本实施例提供的上料结构的示意图；
图3为本实施例中自动上料机构的侧视图；
图4为本发明实施例中的示意图；
图5为本发明实施例中的示意图；
图6为本实施例的翻转臂的侧视图；
图7为本发明实施例中的示意图；
图8为本发明实施例中的示意图；
图9为本发明实施例中托举支架的示意图；
图10为本发明实施例中的示意图；
图11为本发明实施例中的示意图；
图12为本发明实施例中的示意图；
图13为本发明实施例中的示意图；
图14为本发明实施例中自动卡盘锁紧装置的剖视图；
图15为本实施例中提供的自动卡盘锁紧机构的正视图；
图16为本实施例中自动卡盘锁紧机构的关于机械卡盘的局部示意图；
图17为本实施例中安装两个机械卡盘的切割设备的局部示意图；
图18为本实施例中的浮动滚轮送料机构的侧视图；
图19为本实施例中浮动滚轮送料机构的局部示意图；
图19A为本实施例中浮动滚轮送料机构的局部示意图；
图20为本发明实施例中的示意图；
图21为本发明实施例中的示意图；
图22为本发明实施例中集尘装置的示意图；
图22A为本发明实施例中集尘装置的示意图；
图23为本发明实施例中提供的砂轮切割设备的整体示意图；
图24为本发明实施例中的切割方法的流程图；
图25为本发明实施例中公开的砂轮片装置的示意图；
图26为本发明实施例中法兰的侧视图；
图27为本发明实施例中法兰的示意图；
图28为本发明实施例中拉杆的侧视图；
图29为本发明实施例中拉杆的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
参照后文的说明和附图，详细公开了本发明的特定实施方式，指明了本发明的原理可以被采用的方式。应该理解，本发明的实施方式在范围上并不因而受到限制。在所附权利要求的精神和条款的范围内，本发明的实施方式包括许多改变、修改和等同。
针对一种实施方式描述和/或示出的特征可以以相同或类似的方式在一个或更多个其它实施方式中使用，与其它实施方式中的特征相组合，或替代其它实施方式中的特征。
应该强调，术语“包括/包含”在本文使用时指特征、整件、步骤或组件的存在，但并不排除一个或更多个其它特征、整件、步骤或组件的存在或附加。
本发明实施例提供一种砂轮切割设备，砂轮切割设备包括：第一激光测距传感器、主控装置以及砂轮片，第一激光测距传感器与主控装置通信连接；其中，
所述的激光测距传感器，用于采集棒料的外径；
所述的主控装置，用于根据采集的棒料的外径、棒料的材料密度以及设置的料段重量确定当前的料段长度；
所述的主控装置根据确定的料段长度控制砂轮片对棒料进行旋切。
母合金的切割下料是根据后面精铸或制粉工艺所需重量而定，现有技术中普遍采取的方式是定长切割，即视棒材外径一定，结合母合金材料密度，设定下料长度来操作，对同一材料采用定长切割。但在实际应用时，同炉批的母合金棒往往因锭模尺寸和消除铸造表面缺陷的加工而不一致，与标注外径存在±2mm误差，存在的外径误差会导致各切割段的重量不满足后面精铸或制粉工艺所需重量要求，造成浪费或补缩不足。
本发明的砂轮切割设备提供一种定重切割方式，当被切割棒料被锁紧保持稳定时，利用激光测距仪(激光测距传感器)测量当前被切割棒料的外径，根据测得的外径数据、棒料的材料密度数据以及所需要的重量数据，确定当前棒料的切割长度。即利用下式确定切割长度：
L＝G/[ρ*(d/2) 2*π]
其中：L为确定的切割长度；d为测距传感器采集测得的外径；G为用户设置的切割后的料段重量，即所需要的重量；ρ棒料的材料密度；π圆周率。
因母合金棒往往会有很多修磨点，为避免偏差，本发明一实施方式中，通过转动装置带动棒料转动，测得一组外径数据，将测得的外径数据取平均值得到外径d，以使精度更高。
如图1所示，为本发明一实施例提供的切割设备的示意图，棒料103被卡盘102锁紧保持稳定时，上部激光测距仪101测量棒料103外径，主控装置(图中未标示)根据棒料的外径、预存储的棒料的材料密度以及设置的料段重量确定切割长度，砂轮切割设备根据确定的切割长度切割棒料。
本发明一实施例中，对母合金棒料进行切割时，考虑到母合金棒去除氧化皮的方式有两种，车床扒皮的棒料圆度较好，一般转动45°即可，而辊磨的棒料有时出现微微椭圆，测量外径时可以采用转动90°。
本实施例中的砂轮切割设备，还包括自动上料机构，如图2所示，为本实施例提供的上料结构的示意图，本实施例的上料机构包括：翻转臂201，料架平台202以及油缸203，料架平台202用于放置待切割的棒料，通过油缸203控制翻转臂201提取棒料103送至切割设备进行处理。图3所示，为本实施例中自动上料机构的侧视图。
如图4所示，本实施例中，将多根棒料一次放在料架平台上，本实施例的平台面与水平面有5度的倾斜角(本发明实施例中的倾斜角度并不以此为限)，料棒靠重力滚动到翻转臂前端，通过油缸驱动翻转臂的转动，将单根棒料自动放置送料工位。
如图5所示，棒料放入料架后，通过控制翻转臂201升降，送入一根待切割棒料，通过挡料块205阻挡料架平台202上的其它棒料滚落。砂轮切割设备的推杆301推棒料进入前端的自动卡盘(图中未标示)，卡盘锁紧料棒并旋转45°或90°。
如图6所示，为本实施例的翻转臂的侧视图，翻转臂上设有L型止退连杆204、位于两端的V型结构，本实施例中，通过L型止退连杆204和V型结构207防止棒料103到达送料滚轮302时来回滚动，通过V型结构206实现翻转臂翻转时提取一根棒料。
本发明一实施例中，通过激光测距仪检测棒料103外径，如图7所示，本实施例中激光测距仪701设置于卡盘702前部上方，测量棒料103外径，主控装置计算外径平均值，根据预存棒料密度及要下料重量(即料段重量)计算切割长度，主控装置通过控制驱动装置驱动推杆301行程到位后，卡盘702锁紧棒料，砂轮片对棒料进行切割。
本发明一实施例中，切割设备对棒料的切割过程中，通过卡盘旋转棒料进行环状切割，切割至预设中心外径即停止切割，即对棒料进行环形切割在切割至预设深度完成切割，如图8所示，本发明一实施例中通过另一激光测距仪测量棒料的切割深度，本实施 例中的测量棒料切割深度的激光测距仪703设置于卡盘702后部的上方，测量砂轮片705对棒料103的切割深度。同时，本发明实施例中，主控装置根据测量得的预留的中心外径，根据预设的算法确定砂轮片损耗数据，在下一次切割中，根据确定的损耗数据补偿砂轮片损耗，以避免由于砂轮片的损耗造成的切割深度不足。
本发明实施例公开的切割设备在对棒料进行切割时，切割至预设中心外径处停止切割，即本发明的切割设备在切割过程中不切断棒料，砂轮片不经过棒料的中心，避免了由于砂轮切割过程中的砂粒、粉尘进入棒料缩孔，造成精铸件因夹杂物报废的问题。为实现切割过程中砂轮片接触不到缩孔，更好的实现上述切割方式，本发明实施例中，切割设备对棒料的切割采用互动旋切并控制切割深度，即切割时同时旋转棒料，进行环形切割。
如上所述，为避免砂轮片经过缩孔造成污染，本发明实施例中采取的是互动旋切，同时，为避免缩孔开放于切割环境，本发明实施例采用整根棒料多刀数不切断方式切割。但是产品在旋转切割时因棒料不直会出现甩动(跳动)，会造成产品甩断或影响砂轮的切割，以及会出现安全事故，因此，本发明实施例的切割设备进一步包括：柔性托举装置，用于对已切割部分棒料提供柔性托举，以免随动旋转过程造成棒料甩断或影响后方砂轮对棒料的切割。柔性托举装置包括：托举支架、V型板、浮动弹簧以及第一液压油缸；如图9所示，托举支架包括：油缸安装板901，上下移动板902，四根导杆903，底板904，所述的油缸安装板901、上下移动板902均安装于四根导杆903，第一液压油缸安装于油缸安装板901，上下移动板902设置于油缸安装板901的下方，第一液压油缸通过顶板911作用于上下移动板902，所述的浮动弹簧设置于顶板911与上下移动板902之间。
本实施例中，油缸安装板901，上下移动板902，导杆903安装于底板904形成上部托举支架，传送棒料的链轮安装于底板904，并穿过上部托举支架。托举支架的油缸安装板上有第一液压油缸，用于为上下移动板902提供上下移动的动力支持，被切割的棒料放置于链轮907，链轮907用于为棒料提供托举，并在对棒料完成一个料段的切割后，将棒料向下一个处理工位的安全传送。本实施例中托举装置还包括：底板904，横梁905以及立板906，构成链轮支撑平台，用于安装用于传送、托举棒料的链轮907。
如图10所示，切割棒料时，棒料103穿过卡盘702后，棒料前端部分放置于链轮907上，由链轮907输送棒料103。
如图11所示链轮907的链条板9071上设有V型板908，V型板908上安装浮动止拨螺丝909，止拨螺丝909的头部是弹性的，可以各方向转动托住料棒。如图12所示，柔性托举装置在液压油缸910和顶板911之间安装浮动弹簧912，用螺丝连接预留一定的压缩量，链轮907安装于柔性托举装置的底板904上。
如图13所示，在底板904的下方设有第二液压油缸(图中未标示)，第二液压油缸通过立板906安装于底板904的下方，第二液压油缸通过油缸顶板913作用于底板904，顶板913与底板904之间也设有浮动弹簧，下部浮动弹簧在棒料上升时起到缓冲，减少震动，从下方为棒料提供弹性托举。在棒料完成料段切割后，压断棒料形成料段的过程中，液压油缸910向下作用于上下移动板902，底板904下方的液压油缸向上作用于顶板913，通过V型板908夹紧棒料103，为棒料提供柔性托举。
本实施例中，在上下移动板902的下方也安装有V型板908，与链轮907的输送带上的V型板共同作用，防止棒料甩动，本实施例中，柔性托举装置通过上下的浮动弹簧为棒料提供柔性托举，柔性托举装置会和料棒同步运动，使料棒在托举力的状态下稳定切割。
本发明一实施例中，砂轮切割设备还包括：自动卡盘锁紧装置，如图14所示，为本实施例中自动卡盘锁紧装置的剖视图，本实施例中，自动卡盘锁紧装置包括：机械卡盘1301，液压马达1302，升降机构1303，卡盘钥匙1306以及升降油缸1304，机械卡盘1301安装固定于卡盘安装支架1305上，液压马达1302，升降机构1303以及升降油缸1304安装于卡盘安装支架1305的下方，液压马达控制卡盘钥匙1306的旋转，通过升降油缸1304控制升降机构的升降，本实施例中，通过升降油缸1304控制升降机构1303的升降以将卡盘钥匙1306插入机械卡盘1301的钥匙孔，然后通过液压马达控制卡盘钥匙1306在卡盘钥匙孔内的旋转，以控制卡盘锁紧或放松，实现机械卡盘的自动锁紧、放松，解决了现有技术中，机械卡盘的使用中，由人工锁紧/放松，提高了机械卡盘的使用效率，同时降低工人的劳动强度，同时由计算机设备控制液压马达控制机械卡盘的锁紧，保证了卡盘的锁紧力。图15本实施例中提供的自动卡盘锁紧机构的正视图，图16为本实施例中，自动卡盘锁紧机构的关于机械卡盘的局部示意图，卡盘钥匙1306穿过卡盘安装支架1305的安装板，通过控制卡盘旋转，卡盘钥匙孔1307对准卡盘钥匙1306，通过卡盘钥匙1306控制机械卡盘1301的锁紧/放松。
本发明实施例中，采用机械卡盘1301代替现有技术中常用的液压卡盘，解决了液压卡盘内孔较小的问题，使得本实施例中的切割设备满足更多的切割需求，应用更广泛。
本实施例中，卡盘的锁紧需要两个动作来完成，一个是卡盘钥匙的旋转运动，二是卡盘钥匙要脱离或进入卡盘孔。为了实现这两个动作，将卡盘钥匙要和旋转机构同升降机构要有机的结合。本发明实施例中，卡盘自动锁紧机构设计时采用液压马达和升降油缸有机的结合，将液压马达的扭力转换成压力来控制卡盘锁紧的程度，通过压力传感器控制液压马达来实现卡盘锁紧的目的。升降油缸的动作将卡盘钥匙与卡盘脱离或进入。
另外，因为本发明上述实施例中的自动卡盘锁紧机构采用机械卡盘代替现有技术中常用的液压卡盘固定棒料，因此，本发明又一实施例中，能够使得切割设备具有两套卡盘自动锁紧机构，通过两个机械卡盘在切割过程中更好的固定棒料，为被切割棒料提供更稳定的支撑，如图17所示，为安装两个机械卡盘1301的切割设备的局部示意图。
本发明实施例中，棒料从卡盘中穿过完成料段切割后，由链轮进一步将棒料传送至下一操作工位进行压断，本实施例中的切割设备，其在进行压断操作的工位还设有浮动滚轮送料机构，通过浮动滚轮送料机构，棒料压断时即要保证滚轮的安全，又要有足够的回弹力，且要保证长时间运行的稳定性。解决了现有的滚轮送料机构是通过气缸升降，成本高，工件定位不准确，本实施例中的滚轮送料机构保证产品顺畅移动，压断时保证滚轮及相关机构的安全，且压断位置准确。
如图18所示，为本实施例中的浮动滚轮送料机构的侧视图，其包括：滚轮1801，V型压块1802，以及压缩弹簧1803，通过控制滚轮1801的转动将传送棒料103，V型压块1802用于为棒料103提供稳定的托举，图19和图19A为本实施例中浮动滚轮送料机构的局部示意图，连接板1804和纵向连接板1805构成浮动滚轮送料机构的支撑件，本实施例中连接板1804通过螺丝安装于承载送料机构的底座，本实施例中的浮动滚轮送料机构，将弹簧1803套装于螺丝，为送料机构提供弹性浮动，实现本实施例中的浮动滚轮送料。
棒料切割完成后，控制装置控制浮动滚轮送料机构将被切割的棒料传送至指定位置，并由加紧装置加紧固定，如图20所示，由夹紧固定装置1901夹紧棒料，然后由压断装置对棒料进行冲压，在切割后的环形切口处将棒料压断。如图18所示，本发明实施例中切割设备具有V型托架1802，控制装置控制浮动滚轮送料机构将被切割的棒料传送至托架1802，并使得切割形成的环形切口位于托架外部。如图21所示，本实施例中的切割设备具有一出料口1902，控制装置控制浮动滚轮送料机构将被切割的棒料传送至出料口1902，并使得切割形成的环形切口位于送料口外部，以便压断装置冲压棒料103时，在切割设备对棒料切割后形成的环形切口处将棒料压断。
另外，本发明实施例公开的砂轮切割设备还具有烟尘风道及颗粒收集装置，将颗粒收集装置设置于棒料进行切割的位置，以收集棒料切割过程中产生的颗粒，如图22所示，本实施例中，颗粒收集装置2201位于切割砂轮片的下方，烟尘风道2202设置于颗粒收集装置2201的上方。
现有技术中，烟尘、颗粒在回收时并没有将其分离处理，烟尘、颗粒一并由烟道排出容易污染环境。本发明提供一种烟气颗粒收集装置，用于采集切割设备切割棒料时产生的烟气及颗粒，烟气颗粒收集装置包括：烟气颗粒集尘箱2201以及烟尘风道2202；烟气颗粒集尘箱2201设置于切割设备的砂轮片与料棒接触点切线方向的下方，采集切割设备产生的颗粒，烟尘风道2202设置于：烟气颗粒集尘箱2201与砂轮片之间，并与烟尘风道相连通，以排出产生的烟尘。
如图22A所示，本发明实施例中，烟气颗粒收集装置还包括：壳体2203，烟气颗粒集尘箱2201通过抽屉结构安装于壳体2203。
本实施例中，烟尘风道2202和颗粒收集装置2201有效的结合，将烟尘风道2202设计到颗粒收集装置2201的上部，因烟尘的密度同颗粒不同，烟尘通过烟尘风道2202排出，颗粒靠自重下沉到颗粒收集装置2201底部，将烟尘、颗粒分层次排放，延长切割设备更换滤筒的周期，降低滤筒的使用成本，方便颗粒的收集。另外，在高温合金的加工中，由于强化元素的稀缺性决定了高温合金废料分牌号、分类的收集更为重要，本发明的烟气颗粒收集装置，利用抽屉式结构集尘箱，同时可将不同牌号颗粒分别收集在不同的集尘箱中，实现了颗粒的分牌号、分类收集，以利于循环利用。
本发明提供的砂轮切割设备，其提高了工作效率降低劳动强度，同时提高产品的品质，并且本实施例中的砂轮切割设备包括的自动上料机构、卡盘锁紧机构、柔性托举机构、烟尘颗粒收集机构等各模块，均可模块化独立设计、组装，通过螺丝等连接部件完成组装，提供一种更便捷、智能化的切割设备。
同时，本发明实施例提供的砂轮切割设备还包括：多个外壳，分别将上述的各机构模块设置于一外壳。图23为本发明一实施方式中的切割设备的整体示意图。
金属材料的切割，历来是重体力、高污染、多事故、自动化程度低的工种。本发明提供一套通过全自动、全封闭的砂轮切割设备，提高砂轮切割的安全系数和工作效率、降低劳动强度和职业伤害，以智能化的程序控制满足工件精度要求，通过结构的优化设计以杜绝加工过程对工件造成污染的系统解决方案得以实现。
本发明提供一种砂轮片装置，如图25所示，砂轮片装置包括：砂轮片251、法兰252、拉杆253以及主轴254；砂轮片251安装于法兰252的一侧，法兰252的另一侧为具有锥度的锥桶，锥桶具有卡扣槽，拉杆的末端具有T型卡扣，拉杆通过T型卡扣与锥桶的卡扣槽相匹配；
如图26、图27所示，为本发明实施例中法兰252的侧视图、示意图，法兰252具有锥度的锥桶2521，锥桶2521末端具有与拉杆的T型卡扣相匹配的卡扣槽2522。
如图28、图29所示，为本实施例中的拉杆253的侧视图、示意图，拉杆的末端具有T型卡扣2531，拉杆通过T型卡扣2531与锥桶的卡扣槽2522相匹配；
拉杆253穿设于主轴，拉杆头部2532固定于主轴的一端，本发明实施例中，拉杆头部通过螺栓固定于主轴的一端。拉杆头部与主轴之间设有至少一个弹簧，在图28、图29所示的实施方式中，利用四个螺栓通过螺纹孔2533将拉杆固定于主轴，将螺栓穿设与弹簧，以在拉杆头部与主轴之间弹簧，通过弹簧、拉杆将法兰拉住，保证砂轮片在切割时的稳定性。
锥桶2521从主轴的另一端插入主轴，在主轴内将卡扣槽与拉杆的T型卡扣相连接，以将安装有砂轮片的法兰固定于主轴的另一端。
本发明实施例中，砂轮片与法兰的一侧通过螺纹连接。
本发明实施例中，如图25所示，砂轮片装置还包括：砂轮压板255，砂轮压板255具有内螺纹，法兰252的具有轴端2523，轴端2523具有与砂轮压板255的内螺纹相匹配的外螺纹，砂轮片通过砂轮压板连接到法兰的一侧。
本发明一实施方式中，在拆卸砂轮片装置时，采用液压油缸，利用液压油缸顶推拉杆的头部，旋转拉杆将法兰从主轴脱离，实现法兰和砂轮片快速更换。
同时，本发明实施例还提供一种砂轮切割设备，该砂轮片切割设备具有前述的砂轮片装置，砂轮设备的传动装置通过带动所述砂轮片装置的主轴，以带动所述砂轮旋转切割。
同时，本发明还提供一种棒料切割方法，利用本发明实施例中公开的砂轮切割设备进行棒料切割，如图24所示，该方法包括：
步骤S101，根据用户指令确定待切割棒料的材料密度及设置的料段重量；
步骤S102，采集棒料的外径数据；
步骤S103，根据外径数据、待切割棒料的材料密度及料段重量确定料段长度；
步骤S104，根据确定的料段长度切割料棒。
本发明实施例中提供的方法，以定量的方式实现切割设备对切割下料的控制，精准控制切割的每个料段的重量，减少铸态端口不规则造成重量偏差，同时降低对顶断设备指标的要求。
本领域内的技术人员应明白，本发明的实施例可提供为方法、系统、或计算机程序产品。因此，本发明可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且，本发明可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。
本发明是参照根据本发明实施例的方法、设备(系统)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器，使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中，使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品，该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。
本发明中应用了具体实施例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处，综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种自动卡盘装置，其特征在于，所述的自动卡盘装置包括：机械卡盘，机械卡盘安装支架，液压马达，升降机构，卡盘钥匙以及升降油缸；其中，
    机械卡盘安装于机械卡盘安装支架的上方，液压马达，升降机构以及升降油缸安装于卡盘安装支架的下方；
    液压马达控制卡盘钥匙旋转，升降油缸控制升降机构的升降带动卡盘钥匙升降，通过卡盘钥匙控制机械卡盘锁紧或放松。
  2. 一种砂轮切割设备，其特征在于，所述的砂轮切割设备包括权利要求1中的自动卡盘装置，所述砂轮切割设备通过所述自动卡盘装置卡紧棒料进行棒料切割。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的砂轮切割设备，其特征在于，所述的砂轮切割设备包括：两套所述的自动卡盘装置。
  4. 一种砂轮切割设备，其特征在于，所述的砂轮切割设备包括：第一激光测距传感器、主控装置、砂轮片以及权利要求1所述的自动卡盘装置，所述的第一激光测距传感器与主控装置通信连接；其中，
    所述的激光测距传感器，用于采集棒料的外径，主控装置将采集的棒料外径传输到外部设备，并接收外部设备根据采集的棒料的外径、棒料的材料密度以及设置的料段重量确定当前的料段长度；
    所述的主控装置根据外部设备确定的料段长度控制砂轮片对棒料进行旋切；
    所述自动卡盘装置用于在切割过程中卡紧棒料。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的砂轮切割设备，其特征在于，所述的砂轮切割设备还包括：第二激光测距传感器，用于采集棒料的切割深度。
  6. 如权利要求4所述的砂轮切割设备，其特征在于，所述的砂轮切割设备包括：两套所述的自动卡盘装置。
  7. 一种棒料切割方法，其特征在于，所述的方法利用权利要求2-5中任一权利要求所述的砂轮切割设备进行棒料切割，所述的方法包括：
    根据用户指令确定待切割棒料的材料密度及设置的料段重量；
    采集棒料的外径数据；
    根据所述的外径数据、待切割棒料的材料密度及料段重量确定料段长度；
    根据确定的料段长度及设定的预留中心直径旋切料棒。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的棒料切割方法，其特征在于，所述的方法还包括：
    采集棒料的切割深度；
    根据采集的切割深度和预存的补偿算法确定下一次切割砂轮补偿深度。
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