WO2020192251A1 - 一种含偏心激振机构的捣固装置及其相应的捣固方法 - Google Patents

一种含偏心激振机构的捣固装置及其相应的捣固方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2020192251A1
WO2020192251A1 PCT/CN2020/071948 CN2020071948W WO2020192251A1 WO 2020192251 A1 WO2020192251 A1 WO 2020192251A1 CN 2020071948 W CN2020071948 W CN 2020071948W WO 2020192251 A1 WO2020192251 A1 WO 2020192251A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
clamping
tamping
joint
clamping device
eccentric
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/071948
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘飞香
张宝明
谢江生
叶永钦
刘刚
王红兵
李禹成
杨晓梅
符朗
蔡文涛
潘勇
高华中
常士家
陶骏
姬常杰
胡世周
王玉柱
Original Assignee
中国铁建高新装备股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中国铁建高新装备股份有限公司 filed Critical 中国铁建高新装备股份有限公司
Priority to BR112021012332-6A priority Critical patent/BR112021012332A2/pt
Priority to KR1020217026396A priority patent/KR20210138001A/ko
Publication of WO2020192251A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020192251A1/zh

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B27/00—Placing, renewing, working, cleaning, or taking-up the ballast, with or without concurrent work on the track; Devices therefor; Packing sleepers
    • E01B27/12—Packing sleepers, with or without concurrent work on the track; Compacting track-carrying ballast
    • E01B27/20—Compacting the material of the track-carrying ballastway, e.g. by vibrating the track, by surface vibrators
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B27/00—Placing, renewing, working, cleaning, or taking-up the ballast, with or without concurrent work on the track; Devices therefor; Packing sleepers
    • E01B27/12—Packing sleepers, with or without concurrent work on the track; Compacting track-carrying ballast
    • E01B27/13—Packing sleepers, with or without concurrent work on the track
    • E01B27/16—Sleeper-tamping machines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tamping device, which belongs to the technical field of railway maintenance machinery design and manufacture.
  • Tamping operation is one of the main tasks of ballasted railway track bed maintenance, which can effectively improve the stability of the track bed and ensure the safety of trains.
  • the type of tamping device widely used is relatively single. Some tamping devices are too complex in structure, resulting in low working reliability and poor engineering application. It is necessary to develop a tamping device with simple and reliable structure and high engineering application value.
  • the PCT invention patent with the international application number PCT/EP2009/002447 discloses a tamping device for tamping the sleeper part, which includes two internal tamping units and two external tamping units, each of which is external tamping unit
  • the pivot pin capable of pivoting about the longitudinal extension of the tamping device relative to the guide block is connected to the rotation driving member, and the guide block is movably connected to the lateral guide member and the lateral sliding driving member.
  • the tamping tool of the external tamping unit is therefore arranged at the maximum distance from the center of the tamping device to tamping the branch rail of the track.
  • the tamping device disclosed in this patent can achieve the purpose of tamping the stone ballast, but its structure Complex, poor engineering application.
  • the invention provides a tamping device with an eccentric vibration excitation mechanism and a corresponding tamping method, which are used for the tamping operation of a ballasted railway track bed, with simple and reliable structure and high engineering application value.
  • the first aspect of the present invention provides a tamping device with an eccentric vibration excitation mechanism, including an excitation device, a tensioning and closing driving device, a clamping device, the clamping device is connected to a fixed frame, and the excitation device is connected to the tensioning device.
  • the opening and closing driving device is connected to the clamping device, the excitation device adopts an eccentric shaft structure, and the plane of the axis of the eccentric shaft is parallel to the movement plane of the clamping device.
  • the vibration excitation device includes rotational power connected to the eccentric shaft, the outer side of the eccentric shaft is provided with a sleeve, and the rotational power drives the eccentric shaft to rotate.
  • the rotation power is preferably an electric motor or a hydraulic motor.
  • two sets of said shaft sleeves are installed, one set adopts a single-layer structure, one set adopts a double-layer structure and nested installation, that is, it is preferable to install a single-layered first sleeve on one side of the eccentric shaft.
  • a set of second shaft sleeves with a double-layer structure are installed on the other side of the eccentric shaft. The first shaft sleeve and the second shaft sleeve surround the outer side of the eccentric shaft at 360 degrees.
  • One end of the expansion and closing driving device is connected with the shaft sleeve, and the other end is connected with the clamping device.
  • the rotation axis of one end of the expansion and closing driving device connected with the shaft sleeve is perpendicular to the movement plane of the clamping device.
  • One end of the expansion and closing driving device connected with the clamping device has two movement pairs, that is, the rotation axis is perpendicular to the movement plane of the clamping device and the rotation axis is parallel to the movement plane of the clamping device.
  • Both ends of the expansion and closing driving device are extendable and preferably driven by an oil cylinder.
  • connection point between the excitation device and the opening and closing driving device constitutes joint one, and the connection point between the opening and closing driving device and the clamping device constitutes joint two.
  • the second joint includes a second transverse joint and a second longitudinal joint, wherein the expansion and closing driving device is connected to the second transverse joint of the second joint, and the clamping device is connected to the second longitudinal joint of the second joint.
  • the second rotation axis of the transverse joint is perpendicular to the movement plane of the clamping device, and the second rotation axis of the longitudinal joint is parallel to the movement plane of the clamping device.
  • the second transverse joint makes the expansion and closing driving device and the second joint rotate relatively, so as to transmit the vibration generated by the vibration excitation device to the clamping device.
  • the second longitudinal joint enables the expansion and closing driving device to swing along the axis of the second longitudinal joint, so that only the motion generated by the excitation device on the movement plane of the clamping device is transmitted to the clamping device, eliminating the influence of movement in other directions on the clamping device .
  • the clamping device is preferably arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis where the eccentric shaft is located, and the two clamping devices arranged symmetrically are respectively connected to the fixed frame, and the connection point between the clamping device and the fixed frame constitutes joint three.
  • the clamping device includes a clamping arm and a clamping pick.
  • the clamping pick is fixed at the lower end of the clamping arm.
  • the clamping pick and the clamping arm are detachably connected.
  • the clamping arm can rotate around the axis of the third joint, and the axis of the third joint is preferably arranged in the middle of the clamping arm.
  • the opening and closing driving device is preferably arranged symmetrically with respect to the eccentric axis.
  • the expansion and closing driving device and the clamping device respectively move around the axis of the joint 1, joint 2, and joint 3, so that the clamping pick is Horizontal swing and small vibration within a certain angle range can realize the movement of the stone ballast under the sleeper and promote the flow of the stone ballast, which is convenient for improving the effect of tamping operation.
  • the vibration excitation device There are two working modes of the vibration excitation device, namely, the first mode: the working condition of vibrating throughout the working process, or the second mode: the full process vibration of the clamping pick contacting the ballast of the ballast bed, other processes are not performed vibration.
  • the first mode is relatively simple to control, but long-term vibration is likely to cause damage to the mechanical structure or reduced service life.
  • the second mode is beneficial to the service life of the mechanical structure, but has higher requirements for the repeated starting ability and starting response speed of the vibration device.
  • the second aspect of the present invention provides an eccentric vibration tamping method
  • Step S1 Place the tamping device on the road section to be tamped, turn on the rotation power of the tamping device, and the clamping device is driven by the rotation power to drive the clamping device to swing at low amplitude and high frequency in the vertical plane;
  • Step S2 Turn on the insertion device and insert the ramming pick into the stone ballast beside the sleeper to be tamped;
  • Step S3 Turn on the opening and closing driving device, drive the second joint to swing substantially, the swing of the second joint is rotated around the third joint through the clamping device, and is transmitted to the end of the clamping pick, thereby realizing the clamping action of the end of the clamping pick;
  • the clamping action lasts for a period of time;
  • Step S4 After the tamping operation is completed, lift the lower insertion device to make the clamping pick leave the stone ballast, and enter the next operation position to continue the operation or drive away from the operation section.
  • step S1-step S3 when the clamping device is in contact with the stone ballast, the rotation power is turned on, and the clamping device is accompanied by vibration; when the clamping device leaves the stone ballast, the rotation power is cut off, and the clamping device stops vibrating, and is to be inserted again When the stone ballast starts the tamping operation, the rotation power is turned on again.
  • step S4 the clamping pick is turned off after leaving the stone ballast, and turned on again when it enters the next working position and starts working.
  • the tamping device descends along the lower insert frame, and the clamping pick is inserted into the ballast of the track bed under the sleeper.
  • the insertion is accompanied by high-frequency vibration, which is conducive to the insertion of the clamping pick.
  • the expansion and closing drive device extends to push the clamping pick
  • the clamping action is still accompanied by high-frequency vibration at this time, which is conducive to the flow of ballast on the ballast bed.
  • the tamping device is lifted, and the opening and closing driving device is retracted at the same time, and the clamping pick is opened; so far, a tamping action is completed.
  • the second rotation axis of the transverse joint is perpendicular to the movement plane of the clamping device, and the second rotation axis of the longitudinal joint is parallel to the movement plane of the clamping device.
  • the second transverse joint makes the expansion and closing driving device and the second joint rotate relatively, so as to transmit the vibration generated by the vibration excitation device to the clamping device.
  • the second longitudinal joint enables the expansion and closing driving device to swing along the axis of the second longitudinal joint, so that only the motion generated by the excitation device on the movement plane of the clamping device is transmitted to the clamping device, eliminating the influence of movement in other directions on the clamping device .
  • the expansion and closing driving device and the clamping device respectively move around the axis of the joint 1, joint 2, and joint 3, so that the clamping pick is Horizontal swing and small vibration within a certain angle range can realize the movement of the stone ballast under the sleeper and promote the flow of the stone ballast, which is convenient for improving the effect of tamping operation.
  • the eccentric excitation tamping method according to the second aspect of the present invention adopts the tamping device with the eccentric excitation mechanism according to the first aspect of the present invention.
  • the vibration excitation device vibrates during the entire working process; the vibration excitation device vibrates during the entire process of the clamping pick contacting the ballast of the ballast bed, and does not vibrate in other processes.
  • the first mode is relatively simple to control, but long-term vibration is likely to cause damage to the mechanical structure or reduced service life.
  • the second mode is beneficial to the service life of the mechanical structure, but has higher requirements for the repeated starting ability and starting response speed of the vibration device.
  • the present invention has the following advantages and effects: the technical scheme of the present invention is used for the tamping operation of ballasted railway track beds, the structure is simple and reliable, and the engineering application value is high.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a preferred embodiment of a tamping device with an eccentric vibration excitation mechanism according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the working state of the embodiment shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3- Figure 5 are schematic diagrams of the vibration principle of the movement mechanism on the XY plane of the embodiment shown in Figure 1;
  • Figures 6-8 are schematic diagrams of the vibration principle of the movement mechanism on the XZ plane of the embodiment shown in Figure 1;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the single-layer shaft sleeve in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the double-layer shaft sleeve in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;
  • Vibration device 11 rotation power, 12 eccentric shaft, 13 bushing, 131 bushing one, 132 bushing two, 2 opening and closing drive device, 3 clamping device, 31 clamping arm, 32 clamping pick, 4 fixed Frame, 5 joints one, 6 joints two, 61 horizontal joints two, 62 longitudinal joints two, 7 joints three, 8 insert frames, 9 sleepers, 10 ballasts.
  • Embodiment 1.1 As shown in FIG. 1, a preferred embodiment of a tamping device with an eccentric vibration excitation mechanism according to the present invention is shown, which includes an excitation device 1, an opening and closing driving device 2, and a clamping device 3. For ease of illustration, the establishment of a coordinate system is shown in Figure 1.
  • the coordinate system includes X, Y, and Z three-dimensional directions, where X is the direction in which the rail extends, Y is the direction parallel to the sleeper, and Z is the vertical direction.
  • the excitation device 1 includes a rotating power 11, an eccentric shaft 12, and a shaft sleeve 13.
  • the rotating power 11 drives the eccentric shaft 12 to rotate, and the sleeve 13 is installed outside the eccentric shaft 12.
  • the shaft sleeve 13 includes two sets. One set adopts a single-layer structure, namely, sleeve one 131, and the other adopts a double-layer structure, namely, sleeve two 132. The two are nested and installed outside the eccentric shaft 12.
  • shaft sleeve one 131 and shaft sleeve two 132 are shown in Figure 9-10.
  • the advantage of using single-layer shaft sleeve and double-layer shaft sleeve together is: ensuring that the clamping devices on both sides are in the same plane, while the shaft sleeve is stressed Good and long life.
  • the two ends of the stretch-and-close driving device 2 are telescopic, and are preferably oil cylinders.
  • One end of the expansion and closing driving device 2 is hinged with the sleeve 13 through a joint 5, the rotation axis of the expansion and closing driving device 2 is perpendicular to the movement plane of the clamping device (XZ plane) at the joint 5, and the other end of the expansion and closing driving device 2 passes through the joint
  • the second 6 is connected to the clamping device 3.
  • the second joint 6 includes a horizontal joint two 61 whose rotation axis is located in the XY plane and a longitudinal joint two 62 whose rotation axis is located on the XZ plane.
  • connection includes two kinematic pairs: namely through the horizontal joint two 61
  • the rotation axis is perpendicular to the movement plane (XZ plane) of the clamping device; and for the hinged joint through the longitudinal joint 62, the rotation axis is parallel to the clamping device movement plane (XZ plane).
  • the clamping device 3 includes a clamping arm 31 and a clamping pick 32.
  • the clamping pick 32 is fixedly installed at the lower end of the clamping arm 31.
  • the clamping pick 32 and the clamping arm 31 are removable.
  • the clamping arm 31 is hinged with the fixed frame 4 through the joint three 7 and the rotation axis of the rotating shaft between the clamping arm 31 and the joint three 7 is perpendicular to the movement plane (XZ plane) of the clamping device.
  • the clamping arm 31 can rotate around the rotation axis, and the joint 7 is preferably arranged in the middle of the clamping arm 31.
  • FIGS 3-8 are schematic diagrams of the vibration principle movement mechanism of the embodiment of the invention.
  • Figures 3 to 5 show the movement of the XY plane
  • Figures 3 to 5 show the state of the expansion and closing driving device 2 parallel to the X axis, the state of the eccentric shaft 12 rotating through a certain angle, and the comparison of the two states.
  • "0" in the figure represents the center of rotation of the eccentric shaft. It can be seen that with the rotation of the eccentric shaft 12, the opening and closing driving device 2 swings, and at the same time the joint two 6 reciprocates along the X axis. Through the reciprocating movement of the joint two 6, the vibration is transmitted to the clamping device 3.
  • Figures 6-8 show the movement of the XZ plane.
  • Figures 6-8 show the state of the clamping pick 32 parallel to the Z axis, the state of the clamping pick 32 rotating at a certain angle, and the comparison of the two states. It can be seen that the movement at the second joint 6 is rotated by the clamping device 3 around the joint three 7 and is transmitted to the end of the clamping pick 32, thereby realizing the vibration of the end of the clamping pick 32. The opening and closing movement of the opening and closing driving device 2 is also transmitted to the end of the clamping pick 32 in this way, and the clamping action of the clamping pick 32 is realized.
  • a tamping device with an eccentric vibration excitation mechanism is installed on a lower insertion frame 8.
  • the tamping device with an eccentric vibration excitation mechanism can move up and down along the lower insertion frame 8 for lower insertion and lifting actions.
  • the eccentric shaft 12 rotates under the drive of the rotating power 11, so that the shaft sleeve 13 is forced to vibrate, and then the vibration is transmitted in turn until the end of the pick 32 is clamped.
  • the expansion and closing driving device 2 can make a telescopic movement, and then drive the clamping arm 31 to rotate around the joint three 7, and then drive the clamping pick 32 to perform clamping and opening actions.
  • the tamping device When the tamping device is in operation, the tamping device descends along the insertion frame 8, and the clamping pick 32 is inserted into the ballast 10 of the lower part of the sleeper 9.
  • the insertion is accompanied by high-frequency vibration, which is beneficial to the insertion of the clamping pick 32.
  • the expansion and closing driving device 2 After the insertion, the expansion and closing driving device 2 extends and pushes the clamping pick 32 to perform a clamping action. At this time, it is still accompanied by high-frequency vibration, which is beneficial to the flow of the ballast 10 on the ballast.
  • the tamping device After the clamping action is completed, the tamping device is lifted, at the same time the expansion and closing driving device 2 is retracted, and the clamping pick 32 is opened. At this point, a tamping action is completed.
  • the present utility model/invention proposes two vibration modes:
  • Vibration mode 1 The vibration excitation device 1 vibrates during the entire working process
  • Vibration mode 2 The vibration excitation device 1 vibrates during the whole process when the clamping pick 32 contacts the ballast 10 of the ballast bed, and does not vibrate in other processes.
  • the invention is characterized in that the rotation axis of the eccentric shaft 12 is parallel to the movement plane (XZ plane) of the clamping device, and the vibration generated by the eccentric shaft 12 is transmitted to the clamping through three joints, namely joint one 5, joint two 6, and joint three 7. Pick 32 ends.
  • Embodiment 2.1 An eccentric vibration tamping method, which includes the following contents 1-4:
  • the tamping device descends along the lower insert frame, and the clamping pick is inserted into the ballast of the track bed under the sleeper.
  • the insertion is accompanied by high-frequency vibration, which is conducive to the insertion of the clamping pick.
  • the expansion and closing drive device extends to push the clamping pick
  • the clamping action is still accompanied by high-frequency vibration at this time, which is conducive to the flow of ballast on the ballast bed.
  • the tamping device is lifted, and the opening and closing driving device is retracted at the same time, and the clamping pick is opened; so far, a tamping action is completed.
  • the second rotation axis of the transverse joint is perpendicular to the movement plane of the clamping device, and the second rotation axis of the longitudinal joint is parallel to the movement plane of the clamping device.
  • the second transverse joint makes the expansion and closing driving device and the second joint rotate relatively, so as to transmit the vibration generated by the vibration excitation device to the clamping device.
  • the second longitudinal joint enables the expansion and closing driving device to swing along the axis of the second longitudinal joint, so that only the motion generated by the excitation device on the movement plane of the clamping device is transmitted to the clamping device, eliminating the influence of movement in other directions on the clamping device .
  • the expansion and closing driving device and the clamping device respectively move around the axis of the joint 1, joint 2, and joint 3, so that the clamping pick is Horizontal swing and small vibration within a certain angle range can realize the movement of the stone ballast under the sleeper and promote the flow of the stone ballast, which is convenient for improving the effect of tamping operation.
  • the vibration excitation device 1 vibrates during the entire operation.
  • Embodiment 2.2 An eccentric vibration tamping method, including the same steps as Embodiment 2.1, the difference lies in:
  • step 1 to step 3 when the clamping device contacts the stone ballast, the rotation power is turned on, and the clamping device vibrates in the XZ plane; when the clamping device leaves the stone ballast, the rotation power is cut off, and the clamping device stops vibrating.
  • the rotating power is turned on again, and the clamping device vibrates in the XZ plane at the same time as the tamping operation.
  • step 4 the gripping pick is turned off after leaving the stone ballast, and turned on again when it enters the next working position and starts working.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种含偏心激振机构的捣固装置及其相应的捣固方法，所述捣固装置包括激振装置、张合驱动装置，夹持装置，该夹持装置连接于铰接于固定框架，所述激振装置连接所述张合驱动装置，该张合驱动装置连接所述夹持装置，所述激振装置采用偏心轴结构，该偏心轴的轴线所在平面与所述夹持装置的运动平面平行。根据不同动作下的振动伴随情况，所述捣固方法包括两种振动模式：激振装置(1)在工作全程均进行振动；或激振装置(1)在夹持镐(32)接触道床石砟(10)的全过程振动，其他过程不进行振动。本发明与现有技术相比具有下列优点和效果：采用本发明所述技术方案，用于有砟铁路道床捣固作业，结构简单可靠，工程应用价值高。

Description

一种含偏心激振机构的捣固装置及其相应的捣固方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种捣固装置，属于铁路养护机械设计与制造技术领域。
背景技术
捣固作业是有砟铁路道床养护的主要工作之一，可有效提高道床稳定性，保证列车行驶安全。目前在铁路养护机械行业，广泛使用的捣固装置结构种类较为单一，部分捣固装置由于结构过于复杂，导致工作可靠性低，工程应用情况不佳。有必要研制一种结构简单可靠，工程应用价值高的捣固装置。
国际申请号为PCT/EP2009/002447的PCT发明专利公开了一种捣固设备，用于捣固枕木部分，其包括两个内部捣固单元和两个外部捣固单元，每个外部捣固单元能相对于导引块绕捣固设备的纵向延伸的枢转销枢转，并连接到旋转驱动件，导引块可移动地连接到横向导引件和横向滑动驱动件。外部捣固单元的捣固工具因此布置在距离捣固设备中心的最大距离处，以捣固轨道的支线导轨，该专利所公开的捣固设备能够达到捣固石砟的目的，但是，其结构复杂，工程应用情况不佳。
发明内容
本发明提供一种含偏心激振机构的捣固装置及其相应的捣固方法，用于有砟铁路道床捣固作业，结构简单可靠，工程应用价值高。
本发明第一方面提供一种含偏心激振机构的捣固装置，包括激振装置、张合驱动装置，夹持装置，该夹持装置连接于固定框架，所述激振装置连接所述张合驱动装置，该张合驱动装置连接所述夹持装置，所述激振装置采用偏心轴结构， 该偏心轴的轴线所在平面与所述夹持装置的运动平面平行。
优选的是，所述激振装置包括旋转动力，该旋转动力连接偏心轴，该偏心轴的外侧装有轴套，旋转动力带动偏心轴旋转。
所述旋转动力优选电机或液压马达。
所述轴套优选安装两套，一套采用单层结构，一套采用双层结构，相互嵌套安装，即优选为偏心轴的一侧安装一套单层结构的第一轴套，偏心轴的另一侧安装一套双层结构的第二轴套，该第一轴套与第二轴套呈360度包围于所述偏心轴外侧。
采用单层轴套和双层轴套配合使用的益处为：保证两侧夹持装置在同一平面的同时，轴套受力良好，寿命较高。为了使两侧夹持装置能在一个平面内正常工作，所以设计两个相互交叉嵌套的轴套结构。
所述张合驱动装置一端与所述轴套连接，另一端与所述夹持装置连接，与轴套连接的张合驱动装置的一端的旋转轴线垂直于夹持装置运动平面。
与夹持装置连接的张合驱动装置的一端具有两个运动副，即旋转轴线垂直于夹持装置运动平面和旋转轴线平行于夹持装置运动平面。
所述张合驱动装置两端可伸缩，优选由油缸驱动。
所述激振装置与所述张合驱动装置之间的连接点构成接头一，所述张合驱动装置与所述夹持装置之间的连接点构成接头二。
更优选的是，所述接头二包括横向接头二和纵向接头二，其中，张合驱动装置连接于接头二的横向接头二，夹持装置连接于接头二之纵向接头二。
所述横向接头二转动轴与所述夹持装置的运动平面垂直，所述纵向接头二转动轴与所述夹持装置的运动平面平行。横向接头二使得张合驱动装置与接头二之 间相对转动，从而将激振装置产生的振动传递到夹持装置。同时纵向接头二使张合驱动装置可沿纵向接头二的轴线摆动，从而仅将激振装置产生在夹持装置运动平面的运动传递给夹持装置，消除其他方向的运动对夹持装置的影响。
所述夹持装置优选关于所述偏心轴所在的轴线对称布置，对称布置的两个夹持装置分别连接固定框架，该夹持装置与固定框架之间的连接点构成接头三。
所述夹持装置包括夹持臂和夹持镐，夹持镐固定于夹持臂下端，优选夹持镐与夹持臂可拆装连接。夹持臂能够绕接头三的轴线转动，该接头三的轴线优选布置于夹持臂中部。
所述张合驱动装置优选关于所述偏心轴对称布置。
在激振装置与张合驱动装置的共同作用下，所述张合驱动装置、所述夹持装置各自以所述接头一、接头二、接头三的轴线为中心运动，从而使得夹持镐在一定角度范围内做横向摆动及小幅振动，实现石砟向轨枕下方运动，并促进石砟的流动，便于提高捣固作业的效果。
所述激振装置的工作模式分两种，即第一种模式：在工作全程均进行振动的工况，或第二种模式：夹持镐接触道床石砟的全过程振动，其他过程不进行振动。第一种模式控制较为简单，但长时间振动易造成机械结构损坏或寿命降低，第二种模式对机械结构寿命有利，但对激振装置的反复启动能力及启动响应速度有较高要求。
本发明第二方面提供一种偏心激振捣固方法，
步骤S1:将捣固装置置于待捣固路段，开启捣固装置的旋转动力，张合驱动装置在旋转动力带动下驱动夹持装置在竖直平面内低幅高频摆动；
步骤S2:开启下插装置，使捣镐下插进入待捣固轨枕旁边的石砟中；
步骤S3:开启张合驱动装置，驱动接头二大幅摆动，接头二处的摆动通过夹持装置绕接头三转动，传递到了夹持镐端部，从而实现了夹持镐端部的夹持动作；夹持动作持续一段时间；
步骤S4:待捣固作业完成后，提起下插装置使夹持镐离开石砟，并进入下一作业位置继续作业或驶离作业路段。
优选的是，步骤S1-步骤S3中，夹持装置在接触石砟时旋转动力开启，夹持装置伴随振动；夹持装置离开石砟时，旋转动力切断，夹持装置停止振动，待再次插入石砟开始捣固作业时，旋转动力再次开启。
优选的是，步骤S4中，夹持镐离开石砟后关闭旋转动力，进入下一作业位置开始作业时再次开启。
捣固装置沿下插框架下降，夹持镐插入轨枕下部的道床石砟内，插入时伴随高频振动，有利于夹持镐的下插，插入后张合驱动装置伸出，推动夹持镐作夹持动作，此时依旧伴随高频振动，有利于道床石砟的流动。完成夹持动作后捣固装置提升，同时张合驱动装置收回，夹持镐张开；至此完成一个捣固动作。
所述横向接头二转动轴与所述夹持装置的运动平面垂直，所述纵向接头二转动轴与所述夹持装置的运动平面平行。横向接头二使得张合驱动装置与接头二之间相对转动，从而将激振装置产生的振动传递到夹持装置。同时纵向接头二使张合驱动装置可沿纵向接头二的轴线摆动，从而仅将激振装置产生在夹持装置运动平面的运动传递给夹持装置，消除其他方向的运动对夹持装置的影响。
在激振装置与张合驱动装置的共同作用下，所述张合驱动装置、所述夹持装置各自以所述接头一、接头二、接头三的轴线为中心运动，从而使得夹持镐在一定角度范围内做横向摆动及小幅振动，实现石砟向轨枕下方运动，并促进石砟的 流动，便于提高捣固作业的效果。
本发明第二方面所述偏心激振捣固方法采用本发明第一方面所述含偏心激振机构的捣固装置。根据不同动作下的振动伴随情况，其中包括两种振动模式：激振装置在工作全程均进行振动；激振装置在夹持镐接触道床石砟的全过程振动，其他过程不进行振动。第一种模式控制较为简单，但长时间振动易造成机械结构损坏或寿命降低，第二种模式对机械结构寿命有利，但对激振装置的反复启动能力及启动响应速度有较高要求。
本发明与现有技术相比具有下列优点和效果：采用本发明所述技术方案，用于有砟铁路道床捣固作业，结构简单可靠，工程应用价值高。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述含偏心激振机构的捣固装置的一优选实施例之结构简图；
图2为图1所示实施例作业状态示意图；
图3-图5为图1所示实施例在XY面的运动机构之振动原理简图；
图6-图8为图1所示实施例在XZ面的运动机构之振动原理简图；
图9为图1所示实施例中单层轴套的结构示意图；
图10为图1所示实施例中双层轴套的结构示意图；
图1-图8中数字标记的含义是：
1激振装置，11旋转动力，12偏心轴，13轴套，131轴套一，132轴套二，2张合驱动装置，3夹持装置，31夹持臂，32夹持镐，4固定框架，5接头一，6接头二，61横向接头二，62纵向接头二，7接头三，8下插框架，9轨枕，10道床石砟。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本实用新型的作业情况做进一步描述。
实施例1.1:如图1所示为本发明所述一种含偏心激振机构的捣固装置的一优选实施例，其包括激振装置1、张合驱动装置2，夹持装置3。为方便阐述，建立坐标系如图1所示，该坐标系中包括X、Y、Z三维方向，其中X为钢轨延伸的方向，Y为平行与轨枕的方向，Z为竖直方向。
其中激振装置1包括旋转动力11，偏心轴12，轴套13。旋转动力11带动偏心轴12旋转，轴套13安装于偏心轴12外侧。轴套13包括两套，一套采用单层结构，即轴套一131，一套采用双层结构，即轴套二132，两者相互嵌套安装于偏心轴12外侧。
轴套一131、轴套二132的结构如图9-图10，采用单层轴套和双层轴套配合使用的益处为：保证两侧夹持装置在同一平面的同时，轴套受力良好，寿命较高。
张合驱动装置2两端可伸缩，优选为油缸。张合驱动装置2一端通过接头一5与轴套13铰接，接头一5处张合驱动装置2的旋转轴线垂直于夹持装置运动平面(XZ面)，张合驱动装置2的另一端通过接头二6与夹持装置3连接，接头二6包括转动轴位于XY平面的横向接头二61和转动轴位于XZ平面的纵向接头二62，故该连接包括两个运动副：即通过横向接头二61进行的铰接，其旋转轴线垂直于夹持装置运动平面(XZ面)；和通过纵向接头二62进行的铰接，其旋转轴线平行于夹持装置运动平面(XZ面)。
夹持装置3包括夹持臂31和夹持镐32，夹持镐32固定安装于夹持臂31下端，优选夹持镐32与夹持臂31可进行拆装。夹持臂31通过接头三7与固定框架4铰接，夹持臂31与接头三7之间旋转轴的旋转轴线垂直于夹持装置运动平面(XZ面)。夹持臂31可绕该旋转轴转动，接头7优选布置于夹持臂31中部。
图3-图8为本发明所述实施例的振动原理运动机构简图。
其中图3-图5为XY面的运动，图3-图5依次表示张合驱动装置2平行于X轴时的状态、偏心轴12转过一定角度的状态以及两个状态的对比。图中“0”表示偏心轴的旋转中心。可以看出，随着偏心轴12的旋转张合驱动装置2发生摆动，同时接头二6沿X轴做往复运动。通过接头二6的往复运动，将振动传递至夹持装置3。
图6-图8为XZ面的运动，图6-图8依次为夹持镐32平行于Z轴的状态、夹持镐32转动一定角度的状态以及两个状态的对比。可以看出接头二6处的运动通过夹持装置3绕接头三7转动，传递到了夹持镐32端部，从而实现了夹持镐32端部的振动。张合驱动装置2的张合运动也通过该方式传递到夹持镐32端部，实现夹持镐32的夹持动作。
结合以上分析以及图2，对本发明所述捣固装置的优选实施例的工作原理及过程说明如下：
一种含偏心激振机构的捣固装置，其安装于下插框架8，该含偏心激振机构的捣固装置可沿下插框架8进行上下运动，进行下插及提升动作。偏心轴12在旋转动力11的带动下旋转，使得轴套13发生强迫振动，继而将振动依次传递，直至夹持镐32端部。张合驱动装置2可做伸缩运动，继而驱动夹持臂31绕接头三7旋转，继而带动夹持镐32做夹持及张开动作。
当该捣固装置进行作业时，捣固装置沿下插框架8下降，夹持镐32插入轨枕9下部的道床石砟10内，插入时伴随高频振动，有利于夹持镐32的下插，插入后张合驱动装置2伸出，推动夹持镐32作夹持动作，此时依旧伴随高频振动，有利于道床石砟10的流动。完成夹持动作后捣固装置提升，同时张合驱动装置 2收回，夹持镐32张开。至此完成一个捣固动作。
根据不同动作下的振动伴随情况，本实用新型/发明提出两种振动模式：
振动模式一：激振装置1在工作全程均进行振动；
振动模式二：激振装置1在夹持镐32接触道床石砟10的全过程振动，其他过程不进行振动。
本发明的特征在于偏心轴12的旋转轴线平行于夹持装置运动平面(XZ面)，通过三个接头即接头一5、接头二6、接头三7将偏心轴12产生的振动传递至夹持镐32端部。
实施例2.1:一种偏心激振捣固方法，其包括依次执行下列1-4的内容：
1:将捣固装置置于待捣固路段，开启捣固装置的旋转动力，张合驱动装置在旋转动力带动下驱动夹持装置在竖直平面内低幅高频摆动；
2:开启下插装置，使捣镐下插进入待捣固轨枕旁边的石砟中；
3:开启张合驱动装置，驱动接头二大幅摆动，接头二处的摆动通过夹持装置绕接头三转动，传递到了夹持镐端部，从而实现了夹持镐端部的夹持动作；夹持动作持续一段时间；
4:待捣固作业完成后，提起下插装置使夹持镐离开石砟，并进入下一作业位置继续作业或驶离作业路段。
捣固装置沿下插框架下降，夹持镐插入轨枕下部的道床石砟内，插入时伴随高频振动，有利于夹持镐的下插，插入后张合驱动装置伸出，推动夹持镐作夹持动作，此时依旧伴随高频振动，有利于道床石砟的流动。完成夹持动作后捣固装置提升，同时张合驱动装置收回，夹持镐张开；至此完成一个捣固动作。
所述横向接头二转动轴与所述夹持装置的运动平面垂直，所述纵向接头二转 动轴与所述夹持装置的运动平面平行。横向接头二使得张合驱动装置与接头二之间相对转动，从而将激振装置产生的振动传递到夹持装置。同时纵向接头二使张合驱动装置可沿纵向接头二的轴线摆动，从而仅将激振装置产生在夹持装置运动平面的运动传递给夹持装置，消除其他方向的运动对夹持装置的影响。
在激振装置与张合驱动装置的共同作用下，所述张合驱动装置、所述夹持装置各自以所述接头一、接头二、接头三的轴线为中心运动，从而使得夹持镐在一定角度范围内做横向摆动及小幅振动，实现石砟向轨枕下方运动，并促进石砟的流动，便于提高捣固作业的效果。
本实施例中激振装置1在工作全程均进行振动。
实施例2.2:一种偏心激振捣固方法，包括步骤与实施例2.1相同，区别在于：
步骤1-步骤3中，夹持装置在接触石砟时旋转动力开启，夹持装置在XZ平面内振动；夹持装置离开石砟时，旋转动力切断，夹持装置停止振动，待再次插入石砟开始捣固作业时，旋转动力再次开启，捣固作业的同时，夹持装置在XZ平面内振动。
步骤4中，夹持镐离开石砟后关闭旋转动力，进入下一作业位置开始作业时再次开启。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种含偏心激振机构的捣固装置，包括激振装置(1)、张合驱动装置(2)，夹持装置(3)，该夹持装置(3)连接于固定框架(4)，激振装置(1)连接所述张合驱动装置(2)，该张合驱动装置(2)连接夹持装置(3)，其特征在于：激振装置(1)采用偏心轴结构，该偏心轴的轴线所在平面与夹持装置(3)的运动平面平行。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的含偏心激振机构的捣固装置，其特征在于：激振装置(1)包括旋转动力(11)，该旋转动力(11)连接偏心轴(12)，该偏心轴(12)的外侧装有轴套(13)，旋转动力(11)带动偏心轴(12)旋转。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的含偏心激振机构的捣固装置，其特征在于：轴套(13)包括两套，一套采用单层结构，一套采用双层结构，两套轴套相互嵌套安装。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的含偏心激振机构的捣固装置，其特征在于：张合驱动装置(2)一端与轴套(13)连接，另一端与夹持装置(3)连接，与轴套(13)连接的张合驱动装置(2)的一端的旋转轴线垂直于夹持装置(3)运动平面。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的含偏心激振机构的捣固装置，其特征在于：激振装置(1)与张合驱动装置(2)之间的连接点构成接头一(5)，张合驱动装置(2)与夹持装置(3)之间的连接点构成接头二(6)。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的含偏心激振机构的捣固装置，其特征在于：接头二(6)包括横向接头二(61)和纵向接头二(62)，其中，张合驱动装置(2)连接于横向接头二(61)，夹持装置(3)连接于纵向接头二(62)。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的含偏心激振机构的捣固装置，其特征在于：横向接头二(61)的转动轴与夹持装置(3)的运动平面垂直，纵向接头二(62)转动轴与夹持装置(3)的运动平面平行，横向接头二(61)使得张合驱动装置(2)与接头二(6)之间 相对转动，从而将激振装置(1)产生的振动传递到夹持装置(3)。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的含偏心激振机构的捣固装置，其特征在于：纵向接头二(62)使张合驱动装置(2)可沿纵向接头二(62)的轴线摆动，从而仅将激振装置(1)产生在夹持装置(3)运动平面的运动传递给夹持装置(3)，消除其他方向的运动对夹持装置(3)的影响。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的含偏心激振机构的捣固装置，其特征在于：夹持装置(3)关于所述偏心轴(12)所在的轴线对称布置，对称布置的两个夹持装置(3)分别连接固定框架(4)，该夹持装置(3)与固定框架(4)之间的连接点构成接头三(7)，张合驱动装置(2)关于偏心轴(12)对称布置。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的含偏心激振机构的捣固装置，其特征在于：夹持装置(3)包括夹持臂(31)和夹持镐(32)，夹持镐(32)固定于夹持臂(31)下端，夹持镐(32)与夹持臂(31)可拆装连接；夹持臂(31)能够绕接头三(7)的轴线转动。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的含偏心激振机构的捣固装置，其特征在于：接头三(7)的轴线布置于夹持臂(31)中部。
  12. 一种偏心激振捣固方法，其包括：
    步骤S1:将捣固装置置于待捣固路段，开启捣固装置的旋转动力，张合驱动装置在旋转动力带动下驱动夹持装置在竖直平面内低幅高频摆动；
    步骤S2:开启下插装置，使捣镐下插进入待捣固轨枕旁边的石砟中；
    步骤S3:开启张合驱动装置，驱动接头二大幅摆动，接头二处的摆动通过夹持装置绕接头三转动，传递到了夹持镐端部，从而实现了夹持镐端部的夹持动作；夹持动作持续一段时间；
    步骤S4:待捣固作业完成后，提起下插装置使夹持镐离开石砟，并进入下一作业位置继续作业或驶离作业路段。
    其特征在于：步骤S1-步骤S3中，夹持装置在接触石砟时旋转动力开启，夹持装置在竖直平面内振动；夹持装置离开石砟时，旋转动力切断，夹持装置停止振动，待再次插入石砟开始捣固作业时，旋转动力再次开启，捣固作业的同时，夹持装置在竖直平面内振动。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的偏心激振捣固方法，其特征在于：步骤S4中，夹持镐离开石砟后关闭旋转动力，进入下一作业位置开始作业时再次开启。
  14. 如权利要求12所述的偏心激振捣固方法，其特征在于：在激振装置与张合驱动装置的共同作用下，张合驱动装置、夹持装置各自以接头一、接头二、接头三的轴线为中心运动，从而使得夹持镐在一定角度范围内做横向摆动及小幅振动，实现石砟向轨枕下方运动，并促进石砟的流动，便于提高捣固作业的效果。
PCT/CN2020/071948 2019-03-22 2020-01-14 一种含偏心激振机构的捣固装置及其相应的捣固方法 WO2020192251A1 (zh)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BR112021012332-6A BR112021012332A2 (pt) 2019-03-22 2020-01-14 Dispositivo de compactação contendo mecanismo de excitação de vibração excêntrica, e método de compactação por excitação excêntrica
KR1020217026396A KR20210138001A (ko) 2019-03-22 2020-01-14 편심 진동 여기 메카니즘을 갖는 탬핑 장치 및 그 탬핑 방법

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201910221784.3A CN111719355A (zh) 2019-03-22 2019-03-22 一种含偏心激振机构的捣固装置及其相应的捣固方法
CN201910221784.3 2019-03-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2020192251A1 true WO2020192251A1 (zh) 2020-10-01

Family

ID=72563486

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2020/071948 WO2020192251A1 (zh) 2019-03-22 2020-01-14 一种含偏心激振机构的捣固装置及其相应的捣固方法

Country Status (4)

Country Link
KR (1) KR20210138001A (zh)
CN (1) CN111719355A (zh)
BR (1) BR112021012332A2 (zh)
WO (1) WO2020192251A1 (zh)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102367598B1 (ko) * 2021-10-20 2022-03-31 한국철도공사 굴삭기 장착형 철도궤도 자갈 다짐기
WO2023005803A1 (zh) * 2021-07-28 2023-02-02 常州中车瑞泰装备科技有限公司 一种激振捣固装置
CN116305506A (zh) * 2023-05-25 2023-06-23 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所 一种基于有砟轨道状态的捣固镐选取方法

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2150235Y (zh) * 1992-11-17 1993-12-22 沈阳铁路局沈阳工务器材厂 一种液压捣固车的振捣装置
CN201027291Y (zh) * 2007-02-01 2008-02-27 什邡瑞邦机械有限责任公司 手提式直动捣固镐
CN101864707A (zh) * 2010-05-28 2010-10-20 昆明中铁大型养路机械集团有限公司 一种正线双枕捣固装置
DE202013000046U1 (de) * 2012-01-10 2013-01-23 Railmec S.R.L. Verbesserte Gleisstopfeinheit für Gleisbettungsstoffe
CN105074089A (zh) * 2012-10-24 2015-11-18 普拉塞-陶伊尔铁路机械出口股份有限公司 具有单独激振的振动捣固镐的轨道捣固机器
CN205557207U (zh) * 2016-01-28 2016-09-07 中国铁建高新装备股份有限公司 一种双枕正线捣固装置及装有该装置的步进式双枕捣固车
CN107227661A (zh) * 2017-06-12 2017-10-03 东北大学 一种液压捣固机的激振与捣固装置及参数确定方法
US20180309353A1 (en) * 2015-07-16 2018-10-25 Harsco Technologies LLC Coil-oscillator vibration unit for rail workhead
CN110291251A (zh) * 2017-02-17 2019-09-27 普拉塞-陶依尔铁路出口股份有限公司 用于捣固轨道的轨枕的捣固机组

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2150235Y (zh) * 1992-11-17 1993-12-22 沈阳铁路局沈阳工务器材厂 一种液压捣固车的振捣装置
CN201027291Y (zh) * 2007-02-01 2008-02-27 什邡瑞邦机械有限责任公司 手提式直动捣固镐
CN101864707A (zh) * 2010-05-28 2010-10-20 昆明中铁大型养路机械集团有限公司 一种正线双枕捣固装置
DE202013000046U1 (de) * 2012-01-10 2013-01-23 Railmec S.R.L. Verbesserte Gleisstopfeinheit für Gleisbettungsstoffe
CN105074089A (zh) * 2012-10-24 2015-11-18 普拉塞-陶伊尔铁路机械出口股份有限公司 具有单独激振的振动捣固镐的轨道捣固机器
US20180309353A1 (en) * 2015-07-16 2018-10-25 Harsco Technologies LLC Coil-oscillator vibration unit for rail workhead
CN205557207U (zh) * 2016-01-28 2016-09-07 中国铁建高新装备股份有限公司 一种双枕正线捣固装置及装有该装置的步进式双枕捣固车
CN110291251A (zh) * 2017-02-17 2019-09-27 普拉塞-陶依尔铁路出口股份有限公司 用于捣固轨道的轨枕的捣固机组
CN107227661A (zh) * 2017-06-12 2017-10-03 东北大学 一种液压捣固机的激振与捣固装置及参数确定方法

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023005803A1 (zh) * 2021-07-28 2023-02-02 常州中车瑞泰装备科技有限公司 一种激振捣固装置
KR102367598B1 (ko) * 2021-10-20 2022-03-31 한국철도공사 굴삭기 장착형 철도궤도 자갈 다짐기
CN116305506A (zh) * 2023-05-25 2023-06-23 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所 一种基于有砟轨道状态的捣固镐选取方法
CN116305506B (zh) * 2023-05-25 2023-08-11 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所 一种基于有砟轨道状态的捣固镐选取方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR112021012332A2 (pt) 2021-10-19
CN111719355A (zh) 2020-09-29
KR20210138001A (ko) 2021-11-18

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2020192251A1 (zh) 一种含偏心激振机构的捣固装置及其相应的捣固方法
CN107419625B (zh) 全自动数控液压道岔捣固车
CN201901822U (zh) 一种捣固机振动架及使用该振动架的液压捣固机
CN110243940A (zh) 一种能自动检测铁路隧道的检测车
WO2023005803A1 (zh) 一种激振捣固装置
CN107671403A (zh) 一种快速保压推凸的直流铁路钢轨闪光对焊机
CN101864707B (zh) 一种正线双枕捣固装置
CN104895514A (zh) 石油钻机二层台管柱排放机械手
CN112176791A (zh) 一种双枕捣固装置
CN1102977C (zh) 捣固机组
CN111719354A (zh) 一种带接触保持机构的捣固装置及其相应的捣固方法
CN210797126U (zh) 一种含偏心激振机构的捣固装置
CN112278104A (zh) 一种永磁吸附足式爬壁机器人
CN210657823U (zh) 一种含偏心夹持机构的捣固装置
CN205804058U (zh) 一种捣固机夹持装置
CN210127368U (zh) 一种带接触保持机构的捣固装置
CN216524847U (zh) 一种地铁轮对跑合试验台
CN111719353A (zh) 一种含偏心夹持机构的捣固装置及其相应的捣固方法
CN215160298U (zh) 一种弹性支承块翻转装置
CN210797127U (zh) 一种含斜盘接头的捣固装置
CN204827278U (zh) 石油钻机二层台管柱排放机械手
CN111719352A (zh) 一种含斜盘接头的捣固装置及其相应的捣固方法
CN214193968U (zh) 一种双枕捣固装置
CN201722569U (zh) 一种正线双枕捣固装置
CN107059510A (zh) 一种轨枕移动更换夹具

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 20777779

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

REG Reference to national code

Ref country code: BR

Ref legal event code: B01A

Ref document number: 112021012332

Country of ref document: BR

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 112021012332

Country of ref document: BR

Kind code of ref document: A2

Effective date: 20210622

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 20777779

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1