WO2020189427A1 - Système à cycle de rankine et son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Système à cycle de rankine et son procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020189427A1
WO2020189427A1 PCT/JP2020/010420 JP2020010420W WO2020189427A1 WO 2020189427 A1 WO2020189427 A1 WO 2020189427A1 JP 2020010420 W JP2020010420 W JP 2020010420W WO 2020189427 A1 WO2020189427 A1 WO 2020189427A1
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Prior art keywords
working fluid
flow path
temperature
section
installation position
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PCT/JP2020/010420
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
晃太 加藤
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いすゞ自動車株式会社
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Publication of WO2020189427A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020189427A1/fr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to the Rankine cycle system and its control method.
  • a vehicle waste heat utilization device for example, a vehicle Rankine cycle system
  • a working fluid that exchanges heat with a heat source fluid that transfers waste heat of an internal combustion engine is expanded by an expander to recover mechanical energy (for example, a vehicle Rankine cycle system). See Patent Document 1).
  • the outlet of the expander is connected to the inlet of the condenser (condenser) via a pipe forming a flow path for a working fluid.
  • the inlet of the condenser may be located higher than the outlet of the expander.
  • the present disclosure is to provide a Rankine cycle system and a control method thereof capable of estimating the amount of condensate stored in the flow path between the outlet of the expander and the inlet of the condenser with high accuracy.
  • the Rankin cycle system of the embodiment of the present disclosure for achieving the above object includes a flow path for circulating a working fluid, an expander arranged in the flow path for expanding the working fluid, and a downstream side of the expander.
  • a Rankin cycle system configured to include a condenser that is arranged in the flow path of the above and whose inlet is arranged higher than the outlet of the inflator to condense the working fluid, the outlet of the inflator.
  • the pressure acquisition device arranged in the first flow path, which is the flow path between the inlet and the inlet of the condenser, and the first flow path are formed in an upward gradient from the expander toward the condenser.
  • the calculation control device includes a plurality of temperature acquisition devices arranged at intervals in the section and a calculation control device that calculates and controls the parameters of the Rankin cycle system, and the calculation control device acquires the pressure acquisition device. Based on the value and the acquired values of the plurality of temperature acquisition devices, the degree of superheat of the working fluid at the installation position of each of the temperature acquisition devices is calculated, and based on the calculated degree of superheat of the working fluid.
  • the installation position and gas state of the temperature acquisition device in which the estimated phase state of the working fluid is a liquid state It is configured to control to estimate that the liquid level of the working fluid in the liquid state stored in the first flow path is in a section at both ends of the installation position of the temperature acquisition device.
  • control method of the Rankin cycle system includes a flow path for circulating a working fluid, an expander arranged in the flow path for expanding the working fluid, and the above.
  • a condenser that is arranged in the flow path on the downstream side of the inflator and whose inlet is arranged at a position higher than the outlet of the inflator to condense the working fluid, and an outlet of the inflator and an inlet of the condenser.
  • the pressure acquisition device acquires the pressure of the working fluid passing through the first flow path and a plurality of pressure acquisition devices.
  • the third step of estimating the phase state of the working fluid at the installation position of each of the temperature acquisition devices, and the third step of the working fluid The above-mentioned stored in the first flow path in a section where the installation position of the temperature acquisition device estimated to be in the liquid state and the installation position of the temperature acquisition device estimated to be in the gas state are both ends. It is a method characterized by having a fourth step of presuming that there is a liquid level of the working fluid in a liquid state.
  • the amount of condensate stored in the flow path between the outlet of the expander and the inlet of the condenser can be estimated with high accuracy.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the Rankine cycle system of the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the flow path for the working fluid between the expander and the condenser of FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a control method of the Rankine cycle system of the present embodiment in the form of a control flow.
  • the Rankine cycle system 1 of the present embodiment has a tank 3, a pump (circulator) 4, an evaporator 5, and an expander in a flow path (flow path) 2 for a working fluid. It is a system including 6 and a condenser 7.
  • the flow path 2 for the working fluid is a closed flow path for circulating the working fluid W.
  • the tank 3 is arranged in the flow path 2 for the working fluid and stores the working fluid W.
  • the pump 4 is arranged in the flow path 2 for the working fluid on the downstream side of the tank 3, and the working fluid W is circulated in the flow path 2 for the working fluid by pumping the working fluid W.
  • the evaporator 5 is arranged in the flow path 2 for the working fluid on the downstream side of the pump 4, and heats and evaporates the working fluid W by exchanging heat with the exhaust G of the engine (internal combustion engine).
  • the inflator 6 is arranged in the flow path 2 for the working fluid on the downstream side of the evaporator 5 to expand the working fluid W.
  • a drive device (engine, motor, etc.) is connected to the output shaft 6a of the expander 6 via a disconnection device (clutch, etc.), and is generated in the output shaft 6a due to expansion of the working fluid W when the disconnection device is connected. The generated power is transmitted to the drive device.
  • the condenser 7 is arranged in the flow path 2 for the working fluid on the downstream side of the expander 6 to condense the working fluid W.
  • the inlet 7a of the condenser 7 is located higher than the outlet 6b of the expander 6.
  • the flow path between the outlet 6b of the expander 6 and the inlet 7a of the condenser 7 is referred to as a first flow path 2a.
  • the outlet 7b of the condenser 7 is arranged higher than the inlet 3a of the tank 3.
  • the flow path formed on this uphill slope is referred to as a section 2b.
  • the working fluid (condensate) WL that has transitioned from the gas state to the liquid state in the first flow path 2a is stored.
  • the liquid level LS of the condensate WL increases.
  • the section 2b is configured so that the condensate WL and the working fluid W in the gaseous state can come into contact with each other to such an extent that heat exchange is possible.
  • the section 2b is preferably provided at a position where the condensate WL is relatively likely to be generated, and for example, it is preferably provided in the flow path on the expander 6 side from the central position of the first flow path 2a. Condensate WL is more likely to occur as it approaches the outlet 6b of the expander 6 with respect to the first flow path 2a.
  • the section 2b of the present embodiment is arranged from the lowermost position (position B1) of the flow path extending vertically downward from the outlet 6b of the inflator 6 to the inlet 7a side of the condenser 7 from this lowermost position. It is an uphill flow path formed up to a position (position B5) higher than the outlet 6b of the expander 6 and lower than the inlet 7a of the condenser 7.
  • the condensate WL is stored in the flow path and section 2b from the outlet 6b of the expander 6 to the position B1.
  • the liquid level LS of the condensate WL in the section 2b increases upward with the position B1 as the lowest position.
  • the liquid level of the condensate WL in the flow path from the outlet 6b to the position B1 of the expander 6 also rises while maintaining the same height position as the liquid level LS of the condensate WL in the section 2b.
  • a pressure sensor (pressure acquisition device) 8 for acquiring the pressure of the working fluid W passing through the first flow path 2a is arranged in the first flow path 2a. Since the pressure of the working fluid W hardly changes in the first flow path 2a, the position of the pressure sensor 8 may be any position in the first flow path 2a where there is no possibility that the condensate WL is generated. In the present embodiment, the pressure sensor 8 is arranged at the position A1 in the first flow path 2a on the inlet 7a side of the condenser 7 from the section 2b.
  • a plurality of (five in this embodiment) temperature sensors (temperature acquisition devices) 9 (9a to 9e) are arranged in the section 2b of the first flow path 2a at intervals of each.
  • the temperature sensor 9a is located at position B1, the temperature sensor 9b is located at position B2, the temperature sensor 9c is located at position B3, the temperature sensor 9d is located at position B4, and the temperature sensor 9e is located at position B5.
  • At least one temperature sensor 9 may be arranged at a position where the condensate WL may be stored, and at least one may be arranged at a position where the condensate WL may not be stored, and the number of the temperature sensors 9 installed is not particularly limited. ..
  • Positions B1, B2, and B3 are set lower than the outlet 6b of the inflator 6. Even if there is a liquid level LS of the condensate WL at these positions B1 to B3, the condensate WL flows back into the expander 6 and does not flow in.
  • the positions B4 and B5 are set higher than the outlet 6b of the inflator 6. If there is a liquid level LS of the condensate WL at these positions B4 and B5, the condensate WL flows back into the expander 6 and flows into the expander 6.
  • Positions B1, B2, B3, B4, and B5 are located closer to the outlet 6b of the expander 6 (farther from the inlet 7a of the condenser 7) and lower.
  • the Rankine cycle system 1 of the present embodiment is provided with a calculation control device 10 that calculates and controls the parameters of the Rankine cycle system 1 (such as the degree of superheat of the working fluid W and the liquid level).
  • the arithmetic control device 10 is a hardware composed of a CPU (Central Processing Unit) that performs various information processing, an internal storage device that can read and write programs and information processing results used for performing various information processing, and various interfaces. It is wear.
  • Various devices such as a pressure sensor 8, a temperature sensor 9, and a pump 4 are electrically connected to the arithmetic control device 10.
  • the arithmetic control device 10 is based on the acquired value P of the pressure sensor 8 and the acquired value T (Ta, Tb, Tc, Td, Te) of the plurality of temperature sensors 9, respectively.
  • the degree of superheat of the working fluid W at the installation positions B1 to B5 of the temperature sensor 9 is calculated.
  • the degree of superheat is the difference between the temperature of the working fluid W and the saturation temperature, which are in a superheated state higher than the saturation temperature of the working fluid W.
  • the arithmetic control device 10 estimates the phase state (gas state or liquid state) of the working fluid W at the installation positions B1 to B5 of each temperature sensor 9 based on the calculated superheat degree of the working fluid W.
  • the acquisition value T of the temperature sensor 9 is equal to or higher than the preset set temperature T1 of the arithmetic control device 10
  • the phase state of the working fluid W at the installation position of the temperature sensor 9 is in the gaseous state. If it is determined to be present and the temperature is lower than the set temperature T1, it is estimated to be in a liquid state.
  • the set temperature T1 is a value that changes according to the pressure P of the working fluid W, and is preset by experiments or the like as an index that can estimate that the phase state of the working fluid W is either a gas state or a liquid state. The temperature.
  • the arithmetic control device 10 has a position because the temperature Ta of the working fluid W at the position B1, the temperature Tb of the working fluid W at the position B2, and the temperature Tc of the working fluid W at the position B3 are less than the set temperature T1. It is estimated that the working fluid W in B1 to B3 is in a liquid state. On the other hand, in the arithmetic control device 10, since the temperature Td of the working fluid W at the position B4 and the temperature Te of the working fluid W at the position B5 are equal to or higher than the set temperature T1, the working fluid W at the positions B4 and B5 is in a gaseous state. Presumed to be.
  • the arithmetic control device 10 is connected to the first flow path 2a in a section where the installation position of the temperature sensor 9 in which the estimated phase state of the working fluid W is in the liquid state and the installation position of the temperature sensor 9 in the gas state are both ends. It is configured to control the estimation that the liquid level LS of the stored condensate WL is present.
  • the sections at both ends are the installation position B3 of the temperature sensor 9c in which the phase state of the working fluid W is in the liquid state and the installation position B4 of the temperature sensor 9d in which the phase state of the working fluid W is in the gas state. It is a section between.
  • the section (the section between the position B3 and the position B4) where the liquid level LS of the condensate WL is located is a part of the section 2b and is located above the preset section set in advance by an experiment or the like.
  • the output of the pump 4 is controlled to be reduced so that the flow rate of the working fluid W passing through the flow path 2 for the working fluid is reduced from the flow rate at the time of normal control.
  • the control for reducing the output of the pump 4 is performed regardless of the operating state of the engine.
  • the set section is a section set so that the condensate WL does not flow back into the expander 6 as long as there is a liquid level LS of the condensate WL in this section.
  • the set section is a section between positions B1 to B3.
  • the flow rate of the working fluid W during normal control of the pump 4 is set based on the temperature and flow rate of the exhaust gas G passing through the evaporator 5.
  • the temperature T of the working fluid W passing through the above is raised to the set temperature T1 or higher.
  • the set temperature T1 is a temperature preset by an experiment or the like as a temperature at which the condensate WL stored in the first flow path 2a can be evaporated.
  • the working fluid W having a temperature T equal to or higher than the set temperature T1 is the first flow.
  • the condensate WL stored in the first flow path 2a exchanges heat with the working fluid W in a gaseous state and evaporates.
  • Control to reduce the output of the pump 4 is performed at least until the liquid level LS of the condensate WL falls within the set section.
  • the control for reducing the output of the pump 4 is performed until the liquid level LS of the condensate WL falls within the section of positions B1 to B3.
  • the arithmetic control device 10 controls the reduction of the output of the pump 4, and the phase state of the working fluid W at the measurement positions of the temperatures of all the working fluids W (B1 to B5 in this embodiment) is the gas state. It may be configured to carry out until it is determined. In this case, since the condensed liquid WL stored in the first flow path 2a is almost absent, it is possible to significantly suppress a decrease in the output of the expander 6 due to the backflow of the condensed liquid WL.
  • the arithmetic control device 10 estimates that the liquid level LS of the condensate WL is in the section between positions B4 to B5, the condensate WL flows back into the expander 6 and flows into the expander 6, and the output of the expander 6 is output. Is decreasing.
  • the arithmetic control device 10 further controls the temperature of the working fluid W by controlling the output of the pump 4 to be further lowered as compared with the case where the liquid level LS of the condensate WL is in the section of positions B3 to B4. It is preferable to raise the temperature. By doing so, the evaporation of the condensate WL is further promoted, so that the output decrease of the expander 6 can be suppressed.
  • the control flow based on the Rankine cycle system 1 of the present embodiment in other words, the control method of the Rankine cycle system will be described with reference to FIG. 3 in the form of an example of the control flow.
  • the control flow shown in FIG. 3 is a control flow that is periodically performed when the engine is in an operating state.
  • step S10 the pressure sensor 8 acquires the pressure P of the working fluid W passing through the first flow path 2a, and the plurality of temperature sensors 9 obtain the pressure P.
  • the temperature T of the working fluid W passing through the first flow path 2a at each of the installation positions B1 to B5 is acquired.
  • step S20 the arithmetic control device 10 determines the pressure P of the working fluid W acquired in step S10 and the temperature T of the working fluid W at the respective installation positions B1 to B5 of the plurality of temperature sensors 9. Based on the above, the degree of superheat of the working fluid W at the installation positions B1 to B5 of each temperature sensor 9 is calculated. After performing step S20, step S30 is carried out.
  • step S30 the arithmetic control device 10 estimates the phase state of the working fluid W at the installation positions B1 to B5 of each temperature sensor 9 based on the degree of superheat calculated in step S20. After performing step S30, the process proceeds to step S40.
  • step S40 the arithmetic control device 10 estimates that the phase state of the working fluid W is the installation position B3 of the temperature sensor 9 estimated to be in the liquid state and the temperature sensor estimated to be in the gas state in step S30. It is presumed that the liquid level LS of the condensate WL stored in the first flow path 2a is in the section where the installation position B4 of 9 is at both ends. After performing step S40, the process proceeds to step S50.
  • step S50 the arithmetic control device 10 determines whether or not the section with the liquid level LS of the condensate WL estimated in step S40 is located above the set section (first section determination). When the section where the liquid level LS of the condensate WL is located is located above the set section (S50: YES), the process proceeds to step S60. If the section where the liquid level LS of the condensate WL is located is not located above the set section (S50: NO), the process proceeds to step S70.
  • step S60 the arithmetic control device 10 controls to reduce the output of the pump 4 so that the flow rate of the working fluid W passing through the first flow path 2a is reduced from the flow rate at the time of normal control.
  • the temperature T of the working fluid W passing through the first flow path 2a is raised to a set temperature T1 or higher, and the condensate WL stored in the first flow path 2a is evaporated.
  • step S70 the arithmetic control device 10 determines whether or not the output of the pump 4 is lower than the output during normal control. In other words, it is determined whether or not the step S60 has been passed. If the output of the pump 4 is lower than the output during normal control (S70: YES), the process proceeds to step S80. If the output of the pump 4 is not lower than the output during normal control (S70: NO), the process proceeds to return and the present control flow is terminated.
  • step S80 in the arithmetic control device 10, is the section in which the liquid level LS of the condensate WL estimated in step S40 is located in the second set section preset as a part of the set section and relatively lower section? Judgment whether or not (second section judgment).
  • the second set section the time from the end of the control for reducing the output of the pump 4 to the start of the control for reducing the output of the next pump 4 is set to a time that does not affect the durability of the pump 4. It is a possible section.
  • the second set section is a section between the position B1 and the position B2.
  • step S90 If the section where the liquid level LS of the condensate WL is located is in the second set section (S80: YES), the process proceeds to step S90. If the section where the liquid level LS of the condensate WL is present is not in the second set section (S80: NO), the process returns to step S10.
  • step S80 may be substituted by determining whether or not the phase state of the working fluid W at the measurement positions of the temperatures of all the working fluids W (B1 to B5 in this embodiment) has become a gas state. .. If the phase state of the working fluid W at the measurement position of the temperature of all the working fluid W is a gas state (S80: YES), the process proceeds to step S90. If there is a temperature measurement position where the phase state of the working fluid W is not the gaseous state (S80: NO), the process returns to step S10.
  • step S90 the arithmetic control device 10 returns the output of the pump 4 to the output during normal control. After executing step S90, the process proceeds to return and the present control flow is terminated.
  • the amount of condensate WL stored in the first flow path 2a between the outlet 6b of the expander 6 and the inlet 7a of the condenser 7 is determined. It can be estimated with high accuracy.
  • the present invention has the effect of being able to estimate the amount of condensate stored in the flow path between the outlet of the expander and the inlet of the condenser with high accuracy, and is used in the Rankine cycle system and its control method. It is useful.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention comprend : un capteur de pression (8) disposé dans un premier passage (2a) entre une sortie (6b) d'un détendeur (6) et une entrée (7a) d'un condenseur (7) ; et une pluralité de capteurs de température (9) disposés à distance les uns des autres dans une section avec une pente ascendante depuis le détendeur (6) vers le condenseur (7) par rapport au premier passage (2a). Selon la présente invention, le degré de surchauffe d'un fluide de travail est calculé aux emplacements d'installation des capteurs de température (9) respectifs sur la base d'une valeur d'acquisition P du capteur de pression (8) et d'une valeur d'acquisition T des capteurs de température (9), l'état de phase du fluide de travail W est estimé au niveau des emplacements d'installation des capteurs de température (9) respectifs sur la base du degré de surchauffe calculé, et il est estimé qu'il y a une surface liquide sur le condensat stocké dans le premier passage (2a) dans une section ayant, comme deux extrémités, l'emplacement d'installation d'un capteur de température (9) pour lequel l'état de phase estimé du fluide de travail W est un état liquide et l'emplacement d'installation d'un capteur de température (9) pour lequel l'état de phase estimé est un état gazeux.
PCT/JP2020/010420 2019-03-18 2020-03-11 Système à cycle de rankine et son procédé de fabrication WO2020189427A1 (fr)

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JP2019049438A JP7147642B2 (ja) 2019-03-18 2019-03-18 ランキンサイクルシステム及びその制御方法
JP2019-049438 2019-03-18

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005146990A (ja) * 2003-11-14 2005-06-09 Honda Motor Co Ltd ランキンサイクル装置
JP2006037849A (ja) * 2004-07-27 2006-02-09 Ebara Corp 動力回収装置及びその運転方法
JP2012202269A (ja) * 2011-03-24 2012-10-22 Kobe Steel Ltd バイナリー発電装置及びその制御方法
JP2015108339A (ja) * 2013-12-05 2015-06-11 トヨタ自動車株式会社 廃熱回収装置

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5494426B2 (ja) 2010-11-09 2014-05-14 トヨタ自動車株式会社 ランキンサイクルシステム

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005146990A (ja) * 2003-11-14 2005-06-09 Honda Motor Co Ltd ランキンサイクル装置
JP2006037849A (ja) * 2004-07-27 2006-02-09 Ebara Corp 動力回収装置及びその運転方法
JP2012202269A (ja) * 2011-03-24 2012-10-22 Kobe Steel Ltd バイナリー発電装置及びその制御方法
JP2015108339A (ja) * 2013-12-05 2015-06-11 トヨタ自動車株式会社 廃熱回収装置

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