WO2020187260A1 - Procédé de soudage laser - Google Patents

Procédé de soudage laser Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020187260A1
WO2020187260A1 PCT/CN2020/079968 CN2020079968W WO2020187260A1 WO 2020187260 A1 WO2020187260 A1 WO 2020187260A1 CN 2020079968 W CN2020079968 W CN 2020079968W WO 2020187260 A1 WO2020187260 A1 WO 2020187260A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
laser
welding method
welding
beams
energy
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/079968
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
杨上陆
陶武
Original Assignee
中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所
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Publication of WO2020187260A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020187260A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/067—Dividing the beam into multiple beams, e.g. multifocusing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/067—Dividing the beam into multiple beams, e.g. multifocusing
    • B23K26/0673—Dividing the beam into multiple beams, e.g. multifocusing into independently operating sub-beams, e.g. beam multiplexing to provide laser beams for several stations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • B23K26/22—Spot welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a laser welding method and belongs to the technical field of welding.
  • laser As a heat source, laser has been used in material welding for more than 40 years. It can weld most metal materials and some non-metal materials, such as plastics, ceramics, and glass.
  • the welding methods using laser include pulsed laser spot welding, pulsed laser spot welding lap joint formation seam welding, continuous laser seam welding, continuous laser spot welding through galvanometer scanning, etc.
  • the laser energy comes from a single laser beam, and the welding efficiency is The scope of application is limited.
  • the energy consumption is high and only a small weld nugget size (usually 5-7 mm in diameter) can be obtained
  • the welding spot It is necessary to ensure a sufficient distance between them (usually about 25 mm) to avoid current shunting, and the small-sized solder joints and large-spacing distribution are not conducive to improving the stiffness and NVH performance of the vehicle.
  • Laser welding is a single-sided welding method that can achieve continuous welds. It has replaced resistance spot welding in parts of the car body, such as the welding of the roof and side walls, and replaced the overlap resistance spot welding with butt laser brazing.
  • laser welding of galvanized steel sheets will face great challenges in the lap combination.
  • the presence of low-boiling zinc vapor will cause defects such as spatter holes during the welding process, resulting in welding failure.
  • the existing method is to use a pre-treatment process to create a gap between the overlapped plates, leaving a channel for the zinc vapor to escape, and then welding.
  • this method requires additional investment in fixed assets to establish a pre-processing workstation, and even if the pre-processing method is used, it can only be welded in short-line, C-shaped, S-shaped and other weld shapes. This type of welding form has limited joint strength. , So the application site is limited.
  • the method of the present invention aims to utilize multiple laser energy Welding of overlapping plates.
  • This welding method can solve the problems and limitations of the existing welding methods mentioned above. For example, it can realize the direct welding of galvanized steel sheet by lap joint, without the need of pre-treatment process; and can realize large-size round spot shape welding seam, and improve the joint strength. Thereby expanding the application range of laser welding.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a laser welding method, which makes the surface of the solder joints have good surface quality and large solder joints, at the same time reduces energy loss, improves efficiency, and is beneficial to use under high cycle conditions in actual production.
  • the invention applies the laser energy of multiple laser beams to the combined surface of the overlapping material for a period of time to melt the material and form a weld after cooling and solidification to realize the material connection; the number of the multiple laser beams varies from 2 to 10, and the light spot
  • the shapes include dots, rings, polygons or short-line shapes, preferably a dot spot, the diameter of the focused spot varies from 0.05 mm to 10 mm, the laser power varies from 0.1 kilowatts to 50 kilowatts, and the beam energy is in continuous or pulsed form Output, the action time range is 0.1 seconds to 10 seconds. During the action, the beam position remains the same or moves arbitrarily within a 15 mm diameter circle to obtain large-size solder joints.
  • the resulting weld shape includes round, oval or arc. contour.
  • the light beam originates from a single laser head, and multiple laser beams are output by means of spot shaping or multi-fiber input.
  • multiple laser beams are output by two or more laser heads.
  • each laser beam has its own independent spot shape, or presents the same spot shape.
  • the spot shape is preferably a dot, ring, polygon, short line, and Other shapes that may be obtained through the laser optical transmission system.
  • the multiple laser energy output modes are continuous output or pulse output, and different laser beams exhibit the same or different output modes at the same time.
  • the relative position of the multiple beams remains unchanged during the action period, or can be moved arbitrarily within a certain range, and the moving range is preferably within a circle with a diameter of 15 mm.
  • the axis of each laser beam is at the same position or distributed within the above-mentioned moving range.
  • Multiple laser beams output by multiple laser heads act on the same position or different positions within the above-mentioned moving range.
  • the multiple laser energy has its own independent focal spot diameter and energy density during the action process, and the focal spot diameter remains unchanged during the entire laser action time range, or in the range of 0.05 mm to 10 mm
  • the internal variation is preferably 0.5 mm to 3.0 mm.
  • the energy density remains the same or changes with the laser power.
  • the laser power varies from 0.1 kW to 50 kW, preferably from 0.5 kW to 20 kW.
  • the beam spacing is 2-6 mm.
  • the diameter of the large-size solder joint is 10-20 mm.
  • the energy loss required by the dual laser beams is reduced by more than 30% compared with the single beam, and the efficiency is doubled.
  • the welding process provides shielding gas to the welding area.
  • the soldering process adds solder to the soldering area.
  • the number of beams remains fixed during the entire laser time range, or the number of beams changes, gradually increases, gradually decreases, first increases and then decreases, and then decreases. Increase and other trend changes.
  • the material combination used for connection by the multi-beam laser is usually composed of metallic materials, or non-metallic materials, preferably the same or homogeneous materials, or dissimilar or heterogeneous materials.
  • the material combination used for connection by the multi-beam laser is usually a combination of two or more layers of plates, and the connection combination can be a combination of plates and profiles, or a combination of plates and castings, or other possible combinations.
  • the lap material is galvanized steel sheet.
  • the laser energy action time is 0.5-5.0 seconds.
  • the diameter of the focused spot is 0.5-3.0 mm, and the laser power is 0.5 kW to 20 kW.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the combined effect of multiple laser energy can effectively expand the size of the welding area, the surface quality of the solder joint is good, the solder joint is large, and the energy loss is reduced, the efficiency is improved, and it is beneficial to the actual production. It is used under cycle conditions and has a good effect on zero-gap lap welding of galvanized steel sheets.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of outputting two beams of laser energy from a single laser head to weld a combination of two overlapping sheets.
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of outputting three beams of laser energy from a single laser head to weld a combination of two overlapping sheets.
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of two laser heads outputting two beams of laser energy to weld the two-layer overlapping plate combination.
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of outputting three beams of laser energy from two laser heads to weld the combination of two overlapping sheets.
  • Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of the weld connection area of the cross-section of the two-layer lap board.
  • Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram of the weld connection area of the cross-section of the three-layer lap board.
  • Figure 7 shows a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional weld connection area of a layer of plate and a layer of profile or casting.
  • Figure 8 shows a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional weld connection area of the overlap between two layers of plates and one layer of profile or casting.
  • Fig. 9 shows a schematic diagram of providing shielding gas to the welding area through the side pipe during the process of welding the two-layer overlapping plate combination with a single laser head and dual laser beams.
  • Fig. 10 shows the process of single laser head and dual laser beam welding two-layer overlapped sheet metal assembly, the side wire feeding device provides welding wire material to the welding area.
  • Figure 11 shows a schematic front view of a weldment with a round spot weld.
  • Figure 12 shows a front view of a weldment with an oval weld shape.
  • Figure 13 shows the front view of a weldment whose weld shape is a four-sided arc.
  • Figure 14 shows a comparison photograph of the welding effect of non-coated materials using dual-beam laser energy and single-beam laser energy.
  • Figure 15 shows a photo of large-size solder joints obtained using dual-beam laser energy welding.
  • Fig. 16 shows a comparison photograph of the welding effect of galvanized layer materials using dual-beam laser energy and single-beam laser energy.
  • Figure 17 shows a photo of the burned part of the galvanized layer of the weld cross-section of the galvanized sheet using dual beam laser energy welding.
  • the shape of the weld area shown in the schematic diagram does not limit the shape that the actual welding effect should be formed, but merely represents the existence of the welding effect of the present invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the laser head 1 outputs a laser beam 21 and a laser beam 22.
  • the two laser energy acts on the upper surface 41 of the overlapping combination of the sheet 4 and the sheet 5, and the welding is formed after a period of continuous action. Seam area 3.
  • Figures 2, 3, and 4 show in turn three other embodiments of the present invention: the laser head 1 outputs three laser beams 21, 22, and 23; the laser head 11 and the laser head 12 output two laser beams 21 and 22, respectively. Laser beam; laser head 11 outputs laser beam 21, laser head 12 outputs laser beams 22 and 23.
  • Other embodiments include using a single laser head or more laser heads to output more laser beams, and the preferred number of beams is less than 10. The energy of two, three or more laser beams is applied to the combined surface 41 of the overlapping material, so that the material in the active area is melted, and the weld area 3 is formed after cooling and solidification.
  • Figure 5 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the overlapping combination of plate 4 and plate 5 with weld area 3.
  • the weld area 3 diffuses and grows from plate 4 to plate 5 under the action of multiple laser energy to realize plate 4 and plate 5. Connection.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the overlapping combination of the sheet 4, the sheet 5 and the sheet 6 with the welded area 3.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the overlapped combination of the plate 4 and the profile 9 (or the casting 9) with the welded area 3.
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the overlapping combination of the sheet 4, the sheet 5 and the profile 9 (or the casting 9) with the welded seam area 3.
  • the welding material combinations that can be applied to the present invention are not limited to those shown in FIGS. 5, 6, 7, and 8, and may be more layers and more forms of overlapping combinations.
  • FIG. 9 shows that the shielding gas is delivered to the welding seam area 3 through the pipe 7 at the side of the overlap welding position.
  • the type of shielding gas is usually any welding gas such as argon, helium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, oxygen and argon mixture.
  • FIG. 10 shows that the solder is fed to the welding seam area 3 through the wire feeder 8 at the side of the overlap welding position.
  • the solder state is preferably a solder wire.
  • Figures 11, 12, and 13 show the possible weld surface shapes after the welding is completed, which are round, oval, and lace shapes composed of four arcs.
  • the material combination is two layers of 1.4 mm thick QP980 uncoated steel plates overlapped, and the double beam laser and single beam laser are used for welding.
  • the same laser power is 2.5 kilowatts and the same action time is 2 seconds.
  • the spot spacing of the double beam is 3 Mm, as shown in Figure 14, the joint size of dual-beam laser energy welding is larger.
  • the material combination is two layers of 1.4 mm thick QP980 uncoated steel plate overlap, the laser power is 3.0 kW, the action time is 4 seconds, and the double beam spot spacing is 5 mm. As shown in Figure 15, the solder joint diameter is 16 mm.
  • the material combination is two layers of 1.4 mm thick QP980 alloyed galvanized steel plate overlapped, the thickness of the galvanized layer is 20 microns, and the double beam laser and single beam laser are used for welding respectively, using the same laser power of 3.0 kW and the same action time of 1.5 Second, the spot spacing of the dual beam is 3 mm.
  • the dual beam laser energy welding can obtain a complete solder joint without defects, while the solder joint of the single beam laser energy welding produces central perforations and solder joints due to spatter The size is too small.
  • Figure 17 shows the cross-section of the weld and the plate in the welding joint of two-layer galvanized steel plate using dual beam laser energy. It can be seen that the galvanized layer between the plates in the heat-affected zone near the weld area is burned away, There is an unburnt galvanized layer between the base metal plates in the weld zone.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de soudage laser. L'énergie laser de multiples faisceaux laser (21, 22) agit sur la surface d'une combinaison de matériaux assemblés en chevauchement pendant un laps de temps afin de faire fondre le matériau, et un joint de soudure (3) est formé après refroidissement et solidification, de façon à obtenir une liaison de matériaux. Au cours du processus, la position des faisceaux laser reste inchangée ou ces derniers sont déplacés arbitrairement à l'intérieur d'un cercle ayant un diamètre de 15 millimètres pour obtenir un point de soudage de grande taille. La forme du joint de soudure formé est un contour circulaire, elliptique ou arqué. Le nombre de faisceaux laser varie de 2 à 10, les points de faisceau laser peuvent se présenter sous la forme de points, d'anneaux, de polygones ou de lignes courtes, le diamètre du point focalisé varie de 0,05 à 10 millimètres, la puissance laser varie de 0,1 à 50 kilowatts, l'énergie des faisceaux laser est délivrée en continu ou sous forme d'impulsion, et la durée du processus dure de 0,1 seconde à 10 secondes.
PCT/CN2020/079968 2019-03-18 2020-03-18 Procédé de soudage laser WO2020187260A1 (fr)

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CN201910204959.X 2019-03-18
CN201910204959.XA CN111715998B (zh) 2019-03-18 2019-03-18 一种激光焊接方法

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WO2020187260A1 true WO2020187260A1 (fr) 2020-09-24

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CN114054880B (zh) * 2021-11-01 2023-04-25 东风本田汽车有限公司 串列双激光光束对白车身顶棚与侧围间的填丝钎焊工艺
CN115157690A (zh) * 2022-05-31 2022-10-11 苏州大学 双波长激光协同实现异种透明塑料连接的方法及装置

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US20030098295A1 (en) * 2001-11-26 2003-05-29 Yasunori Kawamoto Method and apparatus for simultaneous block melting of material by laser
JP2008126297A (ja) * 2006-11-22 2008-06-05 Mazda Motor Corp レーザ溶接方法およびその装置
CN103753022A (zh) * 2014-01-17 2014-04-30 中国科学院半导体研究所 采用双激光器对金属材料实施激光焊接的方法
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