WO2020187159A1 - 电磁阀 - Google Patents

电磁阀 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020187159A1
WO2020187159A1 PCT/CN2020/079274 CN2020079274W WO2020187159A1 WO 2020187159 A1 WO2020187159 A1 WO 2020187159A1 CN 2020079274 W CN2020079274 W CN 2020079274W WO 2020187159 A1 WO2020187159 A1 WO 2020187159A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
valve
core
cavity
solenoid valve
port
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2020/079274
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
詹少军
何秋波
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Zhejiang Dunan Artificial Environment Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Zhejiang Dunan Artificial Environment Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zhejiang Dunan Artificial Environment Co Ltd filed Critical Zhejiang Dunan Artificial Environment Co Ltd
Priority to JP2021545851A priority Critical patent/JP7383032B2/ja
Priority to KR1020217026924A priority patent/KR20210118148A/ko
Priority to US17/439,419 priority patent/US20220186839A1/en
Publication of WO2020187159A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020187159A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/32—Details
    • F16K1/34—Cutting-off parts, e.g. valve members, seats
    • F16K1/36—Valve members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
    • F16K31/0686—Braking, pressure equilibration, shock absorbing
    • F16K31/0693—Pressure equilibration of the armature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/32—Details
    • F16K1/54—Arrangements for modifying the way in which the rate of flow varies during the actuation of the valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K27/00—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor
    • F16K27/02—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor of lift valves
    • F16K27/029—Electromagnetically actuated valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
    • F16K31/0644—One-way valve
    • F16K31/0651—One-way valve the fluid passing through the solenoid coil
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
    • F16K31/0644—One-way valve
    • F16K31/0655—Lift valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K39/00—Devices for relieving the pressure on the sealing faces
    • F16K39/02—Devices for relieving the pressure on the sealing faces for lift valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K39/00—Devices for relieving the pressure on the sealing faces
    • F16K39/02—Devices for relieving the pressure on the sealing faces for lift valves
    • F16K39/022—Devices for relieving the pressure on the sealing faces for lift valves using balancing surfaces

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of control valves, and in particular to a solenoid valve.
  • the related art large-diameter solenoid valve adopts a pilot structure and is provided with a core iron assembly 1, a valve core 2, a return spring 3, a core iron spring 4, etc.; when energized, the core iron assembly 1 and The orifice of the valve core 2 is released to release the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the valve, and the valve core 2 realizes the valve opening under the action of the return spring 3; there are defects such as many parts and not compact structure; in addition, the return spring 3 and The valve head pressure difference force and the elastic force of the core iron spring 4 have an action relationship, which leads to a complicated design and poor reliability.
  • the main purpose of this application is to provide a solenoid valve to solve the problem of complicated structure and poor reliability of the existing solenoid valve.
  • a solenoid valve including: a valve body provided with a mounting cavity, a first valve port and a second valve port, the first valve port and the second valve The ports are in communication with the installation cavity; the valve core, the valve core is installed in the installation cavity, the valve core has a valve opening position that connects the first valve port and the second valve port and disconnects the first valve port and the second valve port.
  • the valve core When the valve core is in the closed valve position, the valve core separates the installation cavity into a first cavity located at the first end of the valve core, a second cavity located at the outer periphery of the main body of the valve core, and a second cavity located at the valve core
  • the first valve port is in communication with the third cavity
  • the second valve port is in communication with the second cavity
  • the core iron assembly is installed in the installation cavity, the core iron assembly includes a core iron and an elastic element,
  • the valve core is fixedly connected to the first end of the core iron;
  • the attractor is installed in the installation cavity and located at the second end of the core iron, and the two ends of the elastic element are respectively pressed against the attractor and the core iron;
  • the balance channel The balance passage extends along the axial direction of the valve core and the core iron to connect the first cavity and the third cavity.
  • valve core and the core iron are fixed together by screw connection or by welding or riveting.
  • the outer periphery of the core iron and/or the valve core is provided with a through hole communicating with the first cavity.
  • the multiple through holes are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the valve core.
  • a step hole is provided on the core iron, the first end of the elastic element abuts on the step surface of the step hole, and the second end of the elastic element abuts on the attractor.
  • step hole and the balance channel are arranged coaxially.
  • a sealing structure for separating the first cavity and the second cavity is provided between the outer circumference of the valve core and the side wall of the installation cavity.
  • annular groove is provided on the outer periphery of the valve core, and the sealing structure is a sealing ring arranged in the annular groove.
  • the second valve port is an outlet
  • the first valve port is an outlet
  • the balance channel includes a first channel section and a second channel section, wherein the first channel section is arranged on the core iron, the second channel section is arranged on the valve core, and the first channel section is connected to the second channel section in butt connection.
  • valve core and the core iron are integrally arranged.
  • valve body is a sleeve, and the outer circumference of the sleeve is provided with a coil structure.
  • the solenoid valve in this application is a normally closed valve.
  • the core iron overcomes the spring force of the elastic element and the friction force received by the valve core to drive the valve
  • the core moves to the end close to the attractor, so that the first valve port and the second valve port are connected, so that the solenoid valve is in the open position.
  • the solenoid valve in this application is provided with the valve core and core iron
  • the balance channel when fluid enters the third cavity, can quickly enter the first cavity from the balance channel, so that the pressure difference between the two ends of the valve core can be effectively balanced.
  • the solenoid valve in the present application When resetting, it is only necessary to de-energize the solenoid valve and reset the elastic element to switch the valve core from the open valve position to the closed valve position.
  • the solenoid valve in the present application has a simpler structure, and the return spring and other structures dedicated to the spool can be omitted.
  • the solenoid valve in the present application uses a balance channel to balance the two spools. After the end pressure difference, the opening driving force of the solenoid valve can be reduced, which can save the production cost of structural parts such as the coil used to drive the solenoid valve to open the valve.
  • the working process of the solenoid valve is more stable and reliable, which reduces the production of the solenoid valve. Difficulty.
  • Figure 1 schematically shows a cross-sectional view of an existing solenoid valve
  • Figure 2 schematically shows a partially cut perspective view of the solenoid valve of the present application when it is opened
  • Figure 3 schematically shows a partially cut perspective view of the solenoid valve of the present application when the valve is closed
  • Figure 4 schematically shows a first cross-sectional view of the solenoid valve of the present application when the valve is closed
  • Fig. 5 schematically shows a second cross-sectional view of the solenoid valve of the present application when the valve is closed.
  • Valve body 11. Mounting cavity; 111, first cavity; 112, second cavity; 113, third cavity; 12, first valve port; 13, second valve port; 20, valve core; 21. Ring groove; 22. Through hole; 30. Core iron component; 31. Core iron; 311. Step hole; 32. Elastic element; 40. Attractor; 50. Balance channel; 51. First channel section; 52 , The second channel section; 60. Sealing structure.
  • a solenoid valve in this embodiment includes a valve body 10, a valve core 20, a core iron assembly 30, an attractor 40, and a balance channel 50 and coil structure (not shown in the figure).
  • the valve body 10 is provided with an installation cavity 11, a first valve port 12 and a second valve port 13, both the first valve port 12 and the second valve port 13 are in communication with the installation cavity 11; the valve core 20 is installed in the installation cavity 11 Inside, the valve core 20 has a valve opening position that connects the first valve port 12 and the second valve port 13 and a valve closing position that disconnects the first valve port 12 and the second valve port 13 from communication.
  • the valve core 20 when the valve core 20 is in the closed valve position, the valve core 20 separates the mounting cavity 11 into a first cavity 111 located at the first end of the valve core 20, a second cavity 112 located on the outer periphery of the main body of the valve core 20, and The third cavity 113 at the second end of the spool 20.
  • the first valve port 12 communicates with the third cavity 113
  • the second valve port 13 communicates with the second cavity 112
  • the core iron assembly 30 is installed in the installation cavity 11
  • the core iron assembly 30 includes a core iron 31 and an elastic element 32.
  • the valve core 20 is fixedly connected to the first end of the core iron 31;
  • the attractor 40 is installed in the installation cavity 11 and located at the second end of the core iron 31.
  • the elastic element The two ends of 32 abut against the attractor 40 and the core iron 31 respectively;
  • the balance passage 50 extends along the axial direction of the valve core 20 and the core iron 31 to connect the first cavity 111 and the third cavity 113.
  • the valve body 10 in this embodiment is a sleeve, and the outer circumference of the sleeve is provided with the above-mentioned coil structure.
  • the solenoid valve in this embodiment is a normally closed valve.
  • the core iron 31 overcomes the spring force of the elastic element 32 and the friction force received by the valve core 20 to drive the valve core 20 Move to the end close to the attractor 40, so that the first valve port 12 and the second valve port 13 are connected, and the solenoid valve is in the open position.
  • the iron 31 is provided with a balance channel 50. When fluid enters the third cavity 113, it can quickly enter the first cavity 111 from the balance channel 50, so that the pressure difference between the two ends of the valve core 20 can be effectively balanced.
  • the solenoid valve of this embodiment uses a balance channel 50 After the pressure difference between the two ends of the spool 20 is balanced, the valve opening driving force of the solenoid valve can be reduced, and the production cost of structural parts such as the coil used to drive the solenoid valve to open can be saved, and the working process of the solenoid valve is more stable and reliable. The production difficulty of solenoid valve is reduced.
  • the solenoid valve in this embodiment can be used bidirectionally.
  • the solenoid valve in this embodiment can be used in both directions, and the structure shown in Figure 1 will not appear.
  • the return spring 3 will be rushed up. That is to say, the structure of the solenoid valve in this embodiment is more stable, can adapt to fluids with a larger pressure range, and can adapt to more extreme working conditions.
  • valve core 20 and the core iron 31 can be fixed together by screw connection, or by welding or riveting.
  • valve core 20 and the core iron 31 can also be fixedly connected together by injection molding or the like, or connected together by connecting rivets, etc., as long as it is other deformation methods under the concept of the present application. , Are all within the protection scope of this application.
  • the balance passage 50 in this embodiment includes a first passage section 51 and a second passage section 52, wherein the first passage section 51 is provided on the core iron 31, the second passage section 52 is provided on the valve core 20, and the first passage The section 51 and the second passage section 52 are connected to each other to facilitate the communication between the first cavity 111 and the third cavity 113 located at the two ends of the valve core 20 to balance the pressure difference between the two ends of the valve core 20. Further, in order to enable the two ends of the valve core 20 to quickly reach a pressure difference balance, the core iron 31 and/or the outer periphery of the valve core 20 in this embodiment is provided with at least one through hole 22 communicating with the first cavity 111 .
  • the multiple through holes 22 are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the valve core 20 to facilitate fluid circulation in the third cavity 113 and the first cavity 111, thereby achieving a rapid pressure balance. Poor purpose.
  • the core 31 in this embodiment is provided with a stepped hole 311, the first end of the elastic element 32 abuts on the stepped surface of the stepped hole 311, and the second end of the elastic element 32 Abutting on the attractor 40, the structure is simple, and it is convenient to limit the elastic element 32.
  • the elastic element 32 in this embodiment is a spring, with simple structure and long service life.
  • the elastic element 32 can also be configured as an elastic column or an elastic rubber pad, as long as it is Other variants under the concept of this application are all within the protection scope of this application.
  • step hole 311 and the balance channel 50 in this embodiment are coaxially arranged.
  • the step hole 311 and the balance channel 50 may also be arranged on different axes.
  • a sealing structure 60 for separating the first cavity 111 and the second cavity 112 is provided between the side walls of the 11.
  • annular groove 21 is provided on the outer periphery of the valve core 20, and the sealing structure 60 is a sealing ring arranged in the annular groove 21, which has a simple structure and is easy to implement.
  • the solenoid valve in this application works, when the valve is fully closed, three cavities are formed, namely the first cavity 111, the second cavity 112, and the third cavity 113;
  • the first cavity 111 is composed of a space formed by the sealing structure 60, the valve core 20, the core iron 31, the elastic element 32, the attractor 40, and the valve body 10;
  • the second cavity 112 is formed by the second valve port 13 ,
  • the third cavity 113 is composed of the space area formed by the valve core 20 and the first valve port 12; due to the balance passage 50 and the sealing structure 60, the first cavity 111 and the third cavity 113 are connected, the pressure is balanced, and the first cavity 111 and the second cavity 112 are isolated.
  • valve core 20 When the valve core 20 is fully closed to fully opened, it is basically only affected by the friction between the sealing structure 60 and the valve body 10, the return elastic force of the elastic element 32, and the weight of the valve core 20 (compared to the differential pressure force of the three, basically negligible) , Fundamentally solve the pressure difference problem, can effectively improve the valve opening ability of the product, and reduce the difficulty of product trial production.
  • the external coil magnetization attractor 40 and the core iron 31 both overcome the compression force of the elastic element 32, the friction force of the sealing structure 60 and the self-weight axially suck and close to realize the valve opening; when the power is off, the core iron 31 and the valve
  • the core 20 realizes valve closing under the action of the reset force of the elastic element 32; due to the action of the balance channel 50, the pressure balance of the valve core 20 in each cavity of the valve body 10 can be ensured, and the valve opening ability of the product is improved.
  • valve core 20 and the core iron 31 are integrally provided, which can effectively reduce the production cost of the solenoid valve in this embodiment.
  • the solenoid valve of the present application has a simple structure and low production cost
  • the solenoid valve of this application can reduce the required load force, and can effectively improve the valve opening capability and life of the product
  • the solenoid valve can be used in both directions and has a wider range of application conditions
  • the solenoid valve core is pressure balanced in each cavity, that is, not affected by high working pressure and caliber, and can adapt to more extreme working conditions.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)

Abstract

一种电磁阀，包括：阀体（10），设置有安装腔（11）、第一阀口（12）和第二阀口（13）；阀芯（20），安装在安装腔（11）内，阀芯（20）具有开阀位置和闭阀位置；当阀芯（20）处于闭阀位置时，阀芯（20）将安装腔（11）分隔为位于阀芯（20）第一端的第一腔体（111）、位于阀芯（20）的主体外周的第二腔体（112）以及位于阀芯（20）第二端的第三腔体（113），第一阀口（12）与第三腔体（113）连通，第二阀口（13）与第二腔体（112）连通；芯铁组件（30），包括芯铁（31），阀芯（20）与芯铁（31）的第一端固定连接；吸引子（40），安装在安装腔（11）内并位于芯铁（31）的第二端；平衡通道（50），沿阀芯（20）和芯铁（31）的轴向延伸以将第一腔体（111）和第三腔体（113）连通；该电磁阀中通过平衡通道（50）来平衡阀芯（20）两端的压差之后，电磁阀的工作过程更加稳定可靠，降低了电磁阀的生产难度。

Description

电磁阀
本申请要求于2019年3月19日提交至中国国家知识产权局、申请号为201910208918.8、发明名称为“电磁阀”的专利申请的优先权。
技术领域
本申请涉及控制阀技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种电磁阀。
背景技术
现有的大口径电磁阀，随着阀口径和工作压力增大，轴向下的压差力随之增大，进而需要更大的驱动力来实现开发。
如图1所示，相关技术大口径电磁阀，采用先导式结构，设有芯铁组件1、阀芯2、复位弹簧3、芯铁弹簧4等；通电工作时，所述芯铁组件1与所述阀芯2小孔脱离，释放阀进出口压差力，进而阀芯2在复位弹簧3的作用下，实现开阀；存在零部件多，结构不紧凑等缺陷；此外，复位弹簧3与阀头压差力及芯铁弹簧4的弹力等都存在作用关系，导致设计复杂，可靠性差。
发明内容
本申请的主要目的在于提供一种电磁阀，以解决现有电磁阀的结构复杂，可靠性差的问题。
为了实现上述目的，根据本申请的一个方面，提供了一种电磁阀，包括：阀体，阀体上设置有安装腔、第一阀口和第二阀口，第一阀口和第二阀口均与安装腔连通；阀芯，阀芯安装在安装腔内，阀芯具有使第一阀口和第二阀口连通的开阀位置和使第一阀口和第二阀口断开连通的闭阀位置；当阀芯处于闭阀位置时，阀芯将安装腔分隔为位于阀芯第一端的第一腔体、位于阀芯的主体外周的第二腔体以及位于阀芯第二端的第三腔体，第一阀口与第三腔体连通，第二阀口与第二腔体连通；芯铁组件，芯铁组件安装安装腔内，芯铁组件包括芯铁和弹性元件，阀芯与芯铁的第一端固定连接；吸引子，吸引子安装在安装腔内并位于芯铁的第二端，弹性元件的两端分别抵顶在吸引子和芯铁上；平衡通道，平衡通道沿阀芯和芯铁的轴向延伸以将第一腔体和第三腔体连通。
进一步地，阀芯和芯铁通过螺纹连接固定在一起或者通过焊接或者铆接方式固定在一起。
进一步地，芯铁和/或阀芯的外周设置有与第一腔体连通的通孔。
进一步地，通孔为多个，多个通孔沿阀芯的周向间隔设置。
进一步地，芯铁上设置有台阶孔，弹性元件的第一端抵顶在台阶孔的台阶面上，弹性元件的第二端抵顶在吸引子上。
进一步地，台阶孔与平衡通道同轴设置。
进一步地，阀芯的外周与安装腔的侧壁之间设置有用于将第一腔体和第二腔体隔离开的密封结构。
进一步地，阀芯的外周设置环形凹槽，密封结构为设置在环形凹槽内的密封圈。
进一步地，当第一阀口为入口时，第二阀口为出口，当第二阀口为入口时，第一阀口为出口。
进一步地，平衡通道包括第一通道段和第二通道段，其中，第一通道段设置在芯铁上，第二通道段设置在阀芯上，第一通道段与第二通道段对接连通。
进一步地，阀芯和芯铁一体设置。
进一步地，阀体为套管，套管的外周设置有线圈结构。
应用本申请的技术方案，本申请中的电磁阀为一种常闭阀，线圈结构得电时，在吸引子的吸引下，芯铁克服弹性元件的弹簧力以及阀芯受到的摩擦力带动阀芯向靠近吸引子的一端运动，使得第一阀口和第二阀口连通，使电磁阀处于开阀位置，在此过程中，由于本申请中的电磁阀的阀芯和芯铁上设置有平衡通道，当流体进入到第三腔体内时候，能够快速从平衡通道进入到第一腔体，使阀芯两端的压差得到有效平衡。复位时，只需要使电磁阀失电，弹性元件复位，即可使阀芯从开阀位置切换至闭阀位置。相对于以往的结构而言，本申请中的电磁阀的结构更加简单，可以省去专属于阀芯的复位弹簧等结构，与此同时，本申请的电磁阀中通过平衡通道来平衡阀芯两端的压差之后，电磁阀的开阀驱动力得以减小，可以省去用于驱动电磁阀开阀的线圈等结构件的生产成本，电磁阀的工作过程更加稳定可靠，降低了电磁阀的生产难度。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。在附图中：
图1示意性示出了现有的电磁阀的剖视图；
图2示意性示出了本申请的电磁阀开阀时局部剖切开后的立体图；
图3示意性示出了本申请的电磁阀闭阀时局部剖切开后的立体图；
图4示意性示出了本申请的电磁阀闭阀时的第一剖视图；
图5示意性示出了本申请的电磁阀闭阀时的第二剖视图。
其中，上述附图包括以下附图标记：
10、阀体；11、安装腔；111、第一腔体；112、第二腔体；113、第三腔体；12、第一阀口；13、第二阀口；20、阀芯；21、环形凹槽；22、通孔；30、芯铁组件；31、芯铁；311、台阶孔；32、弹性元件；40、吸引子；50、平衡通道；51、第一通道段；52、第二通道段；60、密封结构。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本申请。
参见图2至图5所示，根据本申请的实施例，提供了一种电磁阀，本实施例中的电磁阀包括阀体10、阀芯20、芯铁组件30、吸引子40、平衡通道50以及线圈结构(图中未示出)。
其中，阀体10上设置有安装腔11、第一阀口12和第二阀口13，第一阀口12和第二阀口13均与安装腔11连通；阀芯20安装在安装腔11内，阀芯20具有使第一阀口12和第二阀口13连通的开阀位置和使第一阀口12和第二阀口13断开连通的闭阀位置。其中，当阀芯20处于闭阀位置时，阀芯20将安装腔11分隔为位于阀芯20第一端的第一腔体111、位于阀芯20的主体外周的第二腔体112以及位于阀芯20第二端的第三腔体113，实际设计时，第一阀口12与第三腔体113连通，第二阀口13与第二腔体112连通；芯铁组件30安装安装腔11内，芯铁组件30包括芯铁31和弹性元件32，阀芯20与芯铁31的第一端固定连接；吸引子40安装在安装腔11内并位于芯铁31的第二端，弹性元件32的两端分别抵顶在吸引子40和芯铁31上；平衡通道50沿阀芯20和芯铁31的轴向延伸以将第一腔体111和第三腔体113连通。本实施例中的阀体10为套管，套管的外周设置有上述的线圈结构。
本实施例中的电磁阀为一种常闭阀，线圈结构得电时，在吸引子40的吸引下，芯铁31克服弹性元件32的弹簧力以及阀芯20受到的摩擦力带动阀芯20向靠近吸引子40的一端运动，使得第一阀口12和第二阀口13连通，使电磁阀处于开阀位置，在此过程中，由于本实施例中的电磁阀的阀芯20和芯铁31上设置有平衡通道50，当流体进入到第三腔体113内时候，能够快速从平衡通道50进入到第一腔体111，使阀芯20两端的压差得到有效平衡。复位时，只需要使电磁阀失电，弹性元件32复位，即可使阀芯20从开阀位置切换至闭阀位置。相对于以往的结构而言，本实施例中的电磁阀的结构更加简单，可以省去专属于阀芯20的复位弹簧等结构，与此同时，本实施例的电磁阀中通过平衡通道50来平衡阀芯20两端的压差之后，电磁阀的开阀驱动力得以减小，可以省去用于驱动电磁阀开阀的线圈等结构件的生产成本，电磁阀的工作过程更加稳定可靠，降低了电磁阀的生产难度。
在实际使用的过程中，本实施例中的电磁阀可以双向使用，当第一阀口12为入口时，第二阀口13为出口，当第二阀口13为入口时，第一阀口12为出口。相对于图1中的结构而言，本实施例中的电磁阀可以双向使用，不会出现如图1中的结构当较大压力的流体从电磁阀底部进入时会出现复位弹簧3被冲起的情况，也就是说，本实施例中的电磁阀的结构更加稳定， 能够适应更大压力变化范围的流体，能适应更极端的工况。
为了能够将阀芯20和芯铁31稳定地连接在一起，实际加工时，阀芯20和芯铁31可以通过螺纹连接固定在一起，也可以通过焊接或者铆接方式固定在一起。当然，在本申请的其他实施例中，阀芯20和芯铁31还可以通过注塑方式等固定连接在一起，或者通过连接铆钉等连接在一起，只要是在本申请的构思下的其他变形方式，均在本申请的保护范围之内。
本实施例中的平衡通道50包括第一通道段51和第二通道段52，其中，第一通道段51设置在芯铁31上，第二通道段52设置在阀芯20上，第一通道段51与第二通道段52对接连通，便于将位于阀芯20两端的第一腔体111和第三腔体113连通，进而平衡阀芯20两端的压差之后。进一步地，为了能够使阀芯20的两端快速达到压差平衡，本实施例中的芯铁31和/或阀芯20的外周设置有一个至少一个与第一腔体111连通的通孔22。
本实施例中的通孔22为多个，多个通孔22沿阀芯20的周向上间隔设置，便于使流体在第三腔体113和第一腔体111中流通，进而达到快速平衡压差的目的。
再次参见图2至图5所示，本实施例中的芯铁31上设置有台阶孔311，弹性元件32的第一端抵顶在台阶孔311的台阶面上，弹性元件32的第二端抵顶在吸引子40上，结构简单，便于对弹性元件32进行限位。
进一步地，本实施例中弹性元件32为弹簧，结构简单，使用寿命长，当然，在本申请的其他实施例中，还可以将弹性元件32设置为弹性柱或者弹性橡胶垫等结构，只要是在本申请的构思下的其他变形方式，均在本申请的保护范围之内。
实际设置时，本实施例中的台阶孔311与平衡通道50同轴设置，当然，在本申请的其他实施例中，台阶孔311和平衡通道50还可以不同轴设置。
为了能够在电磁阀闭阀时将第一腔体111和第二腔体112隔离开，防止电磁阀出现泄漏，实现电磁阀的有效闭阀功能，本实施例中阀芯20的外周与安装腔11的侧壁之间设置有用于将第一腔体111和第二腔体112隔离开的密封结构60。
进一步地，阀芯20的外周设置环形凹槽21，该密封结构60为设置在环形凹槽21内的密封圈，结构简单，便于实现。
根据上述的实施例中可以，本申请中的电磁阀工作时，当阀全关时，形成三个腔体，分别为第一腔体111、第二腔体112、第三腔体113；所述第一腔体111由密封结构60、阀芯20、芯铁31、弹性元件32、吸引子40、阀体10所形成的空间区域组成；所述第二腔体112由第二阀口13、密封结构60、阀芯20、阀体10所形成的空间区域组成；所述第三腔体113由阀芯20、第一阀口12所形成的空间区域组成；因平衡通道50及密封结构60作用，所述第一腔体111与第三腔体113贯通，压力平衡，所述第一腔体111与第二腔体112隔绝。
阀芯20从全关到全开过程中，基本只受密封结构60与阀体10的摩擦力、弹性元件32复位弹力以及阀芯20自重作用(三者相比压差力，基本可忽略)，从根本上解决压差力问题， 可有效提高产品开阀能力，降低产品试制难度。
通电工作时，外部线圈磁化吸引子40和芯铁31，两者克服弹性元件32压缩力、密封结构60摩擦力及自重轴向上吸合，实现开阀；断电时，芯铁31及阀芯20在弹性元件32复位力作用下，实现关阀；因平衡通道50作用，可保证阀芯20在阀体10各腔体内压力平衡，提高产品开阀能力。
在本申请的其他实施例中，阀芯20和芯铁31一体设置，能够有效降低本实施例中的电磁阀的生产成本。
从以上的描述中，可以看出，本申请上述的实施例实现了如下技术效果：
1、本申请的电磁阀的结构简单，生产成本低；
2、本申请的电磁阀能够降低所需负载力，可有效提高产品开阀能力及寿命；
3、该电磁阀可双向通用，应用工况更广；
4、因平衡通道作用，该电磁阀阀芯在各腔体内压力平衡，即不受高工作压力和口径影响，能适应更极端的工况。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种电磁阀，包括：
    阀体(10)，所述阀体(10)上设置有安装腔(11)、第一阀口(12)和第二阀口(13)，所述第一阀口(12)和所述第二阀口(13)均与所述安装腔(11)连通；
    阀芯(20)，所述阀芯(20)安装在所述安装腔(11)内，所述阀芯(20)具有使所述第一阀口(12)和所述第二阀口(13)连通的开阀位置和使所述第一阀口(12)和所述第二阀口(13)断开连通的闭阀位置；当所述阀芯(20)处于闭阀位置时，所述阀芯(20)将所述安装腔(11)分隔为位于所述阀芯(20)第一端的第一腔体(111)、位于阀芯(20)的主体外周的第二腔体(112)以及位于所述阀芯(20)第二端的第三腔体(113)，所述第一阀口(12)与所述第三腔体(113)连通，所述第二阀口(13)与所述第二腔体(112)连通；
    芯铁组件(30)，所述芯铁组件(30)安装所述安装腔(11)内，所述芯铁组件(30)包括芯铁(31)和弹性元件(32)，所述阀芯(20)与所述芯铁(31)的第一端固定连接；
    吸引子(40)，所述吸引子(40)安装在所述安装腔(11)内并位于所述芯铁(31)的第二端，所述弹性元件(32)的两端分别抵顶在所述吸引子(40)和所述芯铁(31)上；
    平衡通道(50)，所述平衡通道(50)沿所述阀芯(20)和所述芯铁(31)的轴向延伸以将所述第一腔体(111)和所述第三腔体(113)连通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电磁阀，所述阀芯(20)和所述芯铁(31)通过螺纹连接固定在一起或者通过焊接或者铆接方式固定在一起。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电磁阀，所述芯铁(31)和/或所述阀芯(20)的外周设置有与所述第一腔体(111)连通的通孔(22)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电磁阀，所述通孔(22)为多个，多个所述通孔(22)沿所述阀芯(20)的周向间隔设置。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的电磁阀，所述芯铁(31)上设置有台阶孔(311)，所述弹性元件(32)的第一端抵顶在所述台阶孔(311)的台阶面上，所述弹性元件(32)的第二端抵顶在所述吸引子(40)上。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电磁阀，所述台阶孔(311)与所述平衡通道(50)同轴设置。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的电磁阀，所述阀芯(20)的外周与所述安装腔(11)的侧壁之间设置有用于将所述第一腔体(111)和所述第二腔体(112)隔离开的密封结构(60)。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电磁阀，所述阀芯(20)的外周设置环形凹槽(21)，所述密封结构(60)为设置在所述环形凹槽(21)内的密封圈。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的电磁阀，当所述第一阀口(12)为入口时，所述第二阀口(13)为出口，当所述第二阀口(13)为入口时，所述第一阀口(12)为出口。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的电磁阀，所述平衡通道(50)包括第一通道段(51)和第二通道段(52)，其中，所述第一通道段(51)设置在所述芯铁(31)上，所述第二通道段(52)设置在所述阀芯(20)上，所述第一通道段(51)与所述第二通道段(52)对接连通。
  11. 根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的电磁阀，所述阀芯(20)和所述芯铁(31)一体设置。
  12. 根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的电磁阀，所述阀体(10)为套管，所述套管的外周设置有线圈结构。
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