WO2020186685A1 - 叉车 - Google Patents

叉车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020186685A1
WO2020186685A1 PCT/CN2019/099613 CN2019099613W WO2020186685A1 WO 2020186685 A1 WO2020186685 A1 WO 2020186685A1 CN 2019099613 W CN2019099613 W CN 2019099613W WO 2020186685 A1 WO2020186685 A1 WO 2020186685A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
telescopic
vehicle body
mounting rod
stabilizer
forklift
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/099613
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄坤
林娜
Original Assignee
广东博智林机器人有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 广东博智林机器人有限公司 filed Critical 广东博智林机器人有限公司
Publication of WO2020186685A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020186685A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F9/00—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes
    • B66F9/06—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks
    • B66F9/075—Constructional features or details
    • B66F9/20—Means for actuating or controlling masts, platforms, or forks

Definitions

  • the application relates to the field of engineering vehicles, and specifically to a forklift.
  • Forklifts are widely used for cargo loading and unloading, stacking and short-distance transportation operations. They play a very important role in the enterprise's logistics system and are the main force in material handling equipment. But at present, the forklift of the forklift can only be raised and lowered in the height direction of the forklift, and cannot be moved in the forward and backward direction of the forklift, so that the forklift can only rely on the movement of the forklift wheels to adjust the forklift and picking when unloading goods.
  • This application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art.
  • an object of the present application is to provide a forklift.
  • the embodiment of the first aspect of the present application provides a forklift, including: a vehicle body with wheels provided on the vehicle body; an adjustment assembly installed on the vehicle body; a fork frame connected to the adjustment assembly Wherein, the adjustment assembly can drive the fork frame to move in the forward and backward direction of the forklift, and can drive the fork frame to move in the height direction of the forklift.
  • the forklift provided by the embodiment of the present application includes a vehicle body, an adjustment assembly and a fork frame, wherein wheels may preferably be arranged on the vehicle body, so that the front and rear movement of the vehicle body can be realized through the wheels, and the fork frame is installed in the front and rear direction of the forklift.
  • the pickup and unloading can be realized from the front end of the forklift.
  • the adjustment component is installed on the vehicle body and connected with the fork frame to drive the fork frame to move in the forward and backward direction of the forklift.
  • the adjustment assembly can also drive the fork frame.
  • the forklift moves along the height direction of the forklift, that is, move up and down, so that the fork frame can not only move in the forward and backward direction of the forklift, but also can be raised and lowered in the height direction of the forklift.
  • the forklift when picking up or unloading through the fork, the forklift can be driven to the unloading point or near the picking point, and then the front and rear positions and height positions of the fork can be adjusted according to actual needs, so that the fork can be adjusted Go to the best pick-up position or unload position so that the fork can directly pick up the goods of different heights and different distances in the best pick-up position or unload position.
  • this structure can directly adjust the front and rear position of the fork frame by adjusting the components when unloading the goods around the forklift, without the need to adjust the distance between the forklift and the unloading point or the picking point, so that it is not necessary when parking.
  • this kind of setting can also extend the fork frame into some narrow spaces, so as to be able to take some narrow places, or unload items to some relatively narrow places, so as to increase the scope of the operation of the expanded forklift. Realize operations in narrow areas.
  • this structure can also adjust the front and rear positions of the fork frame by adjusting the components after the goods are taken, so that the position of the goods can be adjusted to the best transportation state, so that the weight of the goods can be as high as possible in the car. It is evenly distributed on the surface, so that the cargo can be more easily balanced and stable during transportation, and the risk of overturning caused by the uneven distribution of the weight of the cargo on the body can be reduced.
  • the fork frame can also be placed directly on the body after the fork frame is picked up by the movement of the fork frame in the front and rear direction and the height direction. In this way, the fork frame and the cargo can be supported by the body and lowered. The forklift's load during the movement of the forklift extends the service life of the forklift.
  • the fork frame and the adjustment assembly are detachably connected, so that the fork frame and the adjustment assembly can be disassembled from each other, so that the fork frame and the adjustment assembly can be disassembled for independent maintenance and replacement.
  • the adjustment component and the vehicle body are also preferably detachably connected.
  • wheels are arranged on the vehicle body to realize the walking of the forklift through the wheels, and the wheels are preferably universal wheels, so that the forklift can realize 360° steering.
  • the adjustment assembly includes: a plurality of telescopic parts that can be telescopically installed on the vehicle body, the fork frame is installed on an end of the plurality of telescopic parts away from the vehicle body, and a plurality of The telescopic parts are parallel to each other and can be synchronously telescopic.
  • the adjustment assembly includes a plurality of telescopic parts, so that the plurality of telescopic parts can be used to drive the fork frame, so that the fork frame can move up and down or back and forth, and the plurality of telescopic parts are parallel and parallel to each other. It can be telescopically synchronized, so that multiple telescopic parts can drive the fork frame to move synchronously, thereby ensuring the stability of the fork frame during the movement, so that when the goods are driven by the fork frame to move, it can ensure that the goods are on the fork frame. Stability to prevent the goods from tilting or falling.
  • realizing the position adjustment of the fork frame by means of telescoping can also make the position adjustment of the fork frame more accurate, and can avoid the occurrence of the fork frame being stuck.
  • the telescopic parts are hydraulic cylinders or electric cylinders or air cylinders.
  • the plurality of telescopic parts includes a plurality of first telescopic parts and a plurality of second telescopic parts, and the plurality of first telescopic parts are installed in parallel and obliquely on the first telescopic part of the vehicle body.
  • Side the plurality of second telescopic members are installed on the second side of the vehicle body in parallel and obliquely, and the plurality of first telescopic members and the plurality of second telescopic members are symmetrical to each other with respect to the vehicle body;
  • the fork frame is supported and installed on the plurality of first telescopic members and the plurality of second telescopic members.
  • a plurality of parallel and inclined first telescopic members are provided on the first side of the vehicle body, and a plurality of parallel and inclined second telescopic members are provided on the second side of the vehicle body.
  • One telescopic piece and multiple second telescopic pieces can form a support platform above the car body, so that both sides of the fork can be directly erected and installed on the support formed by multiple first telescopic pieces and multiple second telescopic pieces
  • the support and installation of the fork can be realized through multiple telescopic parts, and this structure can be installed on the multiple telescopic parts, so that the fork can be directly installed through the movement of the telescopic parts.
  • Position adjustment so that the fork support can be installed above the car body, so that the space above the car body can be reasonably used, and space is reserved for the installation of other parts on the car body.
  • the restraint of a telescopic part makes the fork frame not easy to be jammed by other parts on the car body, and the multiple first telescopic parts and the multiple second telescopic parts are all inclinedly arranged, so that the When the second telescopic part is telescopic, the height position and the front and rear positions of the fork can be adjusted at the same time, so that the height position and the front and rear positions of the fork can be adjusted at the same time with one component, instead of adjusting the height position and the front and rear positions.
  • One adjusting part can simplify the structure of the product and reduce the cost of the product.
  • the lengths of a plurality of the first telescopic members are equal and are located at the same height position, and the lengths of the plurality of second telescopic members are equal and are located at the same height position, so that multiple The end of the telescopic element away from the vehicle body can form a support plane parallel to the vehicle body, so that the fork frame can be erected and installed on a plurality of telescopic elements more stably.
  • the fork frame includes: a first mounting rod that is supported and mounted on the plurality of first telescopic parts and is parallel to the vehicle body; a second mounting rod is supported and mounted on the plurality of The second telescopic member is parallel to the first mounting rod and parallel to the vehicle body; the first fork rod is mounted on the first mounting rod; the second fork rod is mounted on the second mounting rod on.
  • the fork frame includes a first mounting rod and a second mounting rod located on both sides of the vehicle body, and the first mounting rod is correspondingly mounted on a plurality of first telescopic members arranged in parallel, so that the first mounting rod,
  • the multiple first telescopic parts and the first side of the car body can be connected to form a parallel link mechanism.
  • the multiple first telescopic parts can be used as the two sides of the parallel link mechanism, so as to pass the multiple first telescopic parts
  • the expansion and contraction can drive the first mounting rod to tilt and translate, thereby realizing the height and front-to-back movement of the first mounting rod.
  • the second mounting rod is correspondingly installed on a plurality of second telescopic members arranged in parallel, so that the second mounting rod, the plurality of second telescopic members and the second side of the vehicle body can be connected to form another type of parallel linkage mechanism.
  • multiple second telescopic parts can be used as the two sides of another type of parallel linkage mechanism, so that the second mounting rod can be driven to tilt and translate through the expansion and contraction of the multiple second telescopic parts, so that the second mounting rod can be at a height And movement in the front and rear directions.
  • the first mounting rod can realize the connection of multiple first telescopic parts
  • the second mounting rod can realize the connection between multiple second telescopic parts, so that the fork frame itself can form a connection with multiple telescopic parts.
  • Interlinked mechanisms that is, multiple telescopic parts, the first mounting rod and second mounting rod of the fork frame, and the body can form two parallel link mechanisms on both sides of the body, so as to pass the parallel links on both sides
  • the synchronous expansion and contraction of the mechanism can realize the vertical and backward translation of the fork frame, and this structure can realize the adjustment of the front and rear position and the height position of the bracket through the mutual traction between the multiple expansion parts and the two mounting rods.
  • the whole structure is relatively simple and easy to process, which can reduce costs.
  • the parallel link mechanism formed by the telescopic part and the two mounting rods can make the driving between the adjustment assembly and the fork frame more accurate and reliable, so as to Reduce product failure rate.
  • the first fork rod and the second fork rod are respectively connected with the first mounting rod and the second mounting rod, and the goods can be picked and placed under the action of the first mounting rod and the second mounting rod.
  • the two forks can be directly connected The rod extends into the bottom of the cargo, and then the fork can be raised to take out the cargo, or the fork can be lowered to discharge the cargo, that is, the first fork rod and the second fork rod are specifically used to contact the cargo to realize the cargo Take and transport.
  • the first fork rod and the second fork rod are both L-shaped rods or L-shaped rods.
  • This structure can be connected to the mounting rod through the vertical side of the L-shaped rod or the L-shaped rod. Or the horizontal side of the L-shaped rod comes into contact with the goods, so that the goods can be picked and transported.
  • any one of the plurality of telescopic members is rotatably connected with the vehicle body, and the adjustment assembly further includes: a lifting member, and a plurality of The telescopic parts are connected and can drive a plurality of the telescopic parts to rotate synchronously.
  • multiple telescopic parts are rotatably connected with the body, and the lifting part can drive the multiple telescopic parts to rotate synchronously, so that the multiple telescopic parts can be synchronized in the front and rear directions of the body under the action of the lifting parts Swing in parallel, which can simultaneously drive the fork frame to move in the front and rear direction and the height direction, so that the position of the fork frame in the front and rear direction and the height direction of the vehicle body can be adjusted by the movement of the fork frame.
  • the telescopic part of this kind of structure can not only drive the fork frame to move through expansion and contraction, but also can swing back and forth under the action of the lifting part to drive the fork frame to move, thereby increasing the movement of the fork frame in the front and rear direction and the height direction of the vehicle body.
  • the stroke can increase the height adjustment range and the front and rear adjustment range of the fork frame.
  • the lifting member is a hydraulic cylinder or an electric cylinder or an air cylinder, that is, in the actual process, the lifting drive of the parallel link mechanism on both sides of the vehicle body can be directly realized by the hydraulic cylinder or the electric cylinder or the air cylinder.
  • the lifting member includes: a first lifting member connected to a plurality of the first telescopic members for driving the plurality of first telescopic members to rotate; a second lifting member and a plurality of The two second telescopic members are connected to drive a plurality of the second telescopic members to rotate; wherein, the first lifting member is located on the first side of the vehicle body, and the second lifting member is located on the vehicle body The second side.
  • one lifting element can be provided corresponding to the multiple first telescopic elements and the multiple second telescopic elements on both sides of the vehicle body, so that two independent lifting elements can be used to realize the telescopic elements on both sides of the vehicle body.
  • this arrangement of two lifting parts corresponds to a plurality of first telescopic parts and a plurality of second telescopic parts installed on both sides of the vehicle body, which can realize the lifting drive of the parallel link mechanism on both sides of the vehicle body, thus making each vehicle body
  • the parallel link mechanisms on both sides can be driven independently.
  • this structure can make the installation between the lifting member and the telescopic member more compact, and can reserve an area in the middle of the vehicle body, so that the space utilization of the vehicle body is more reasonable.
  • the lifting member includes: a third lifting member installed in the middle of the vehicle body, connected to a plurality of the first telescopic members and a plurality of the second telescopic members, for Driving a plurality of the first telescopic members and a plurality of the second telescopic members to rotate.
  • the third lifting member can be provided only in the middle of the vehicle body, so that the telescopic members on both sides of the vehicle body can be driven by one lifting member at the same time, so that the movement of multiple telescopic members can be more synchronized, so that Enhance the stability of the fork frame during movement.
  • this arrangement can also reduce the number of parts of the product and improve the installation efficiency of the product.
  • the forklift further includes: a stabilizing assembly installed between the first installation rod and the second installation rod, or installed on the plurality of first telescopic parts and the plurality of Between the second telescopic member.
  • a stabilizing assembly can be provided between the first mounting rod and the second mounting rod, or a stabilizing assembly can be provided between a plurality of first telescopic parts and a plurality of second telescopic parts.
  • the parallel-like linkage mechanisms on the sides can be connected to each other to form a whole, so that the parallel-like linkage mechanisms on both sides of the vehicle body can restrain each other when they move, so that the parallel-like linkage mechanisms on both sides of the vehicle body can move synchronously. Therefore, the stability of the fork frame during the movement process can be ensured, and the parallel link mechanism on both sides of the vehicle body cannot be completely synchronized due to the influence of the structure.
  • the stabilizing assembly includes a first stabilizing member and a second stabilizing member, and the first stabilizing member and the second stabilizing member are connected in parallel and spaced apart between the first mounting rod and the Between the second mounting rods, and the first stabilizing member is located on the rear side of the second stabilizing member;
  • the plurality of first telescopic members include a telescopic member one and a telescopic member two, and the first telescopic member is installed Between the connection between the first stabilizer and the first mounting rod and the vehicle body, the second telescopic member is installed at the connection between the second stabilizer and the first mounting rod and the Between the vehicle bodies, or the plurality of second telescopic parts include telescopic part three and telescopic part four, the telescopic part three is installed between the first stabilizer and the second mounting rod and the vehicle body In between, the telescopic member 4 is installed between the connection of the second stabilizer and the second mounting rod and the vehicle body; the first lifting member is installed on the first stabilize
  • two stabilizers can be arranged between the first mounting rod and the second mounting rod, so that the stability of the fork can be ensured by the two stabilizers.
  • two parallel and inclined first telescopic members can be provided on the first side of the vehicle body, such as telescopic member one and telescopic member two, and two second telescopic members that are parallel and diagonally arranged on the second side of the vehicle body.
  • Telescopic parts such as telescopic part three and telescopic part four, so that the first telescopic part, the second telescopic part and the first mounting rod can form a parallelogram mechanism with the body on the first side of the car body.
  • the two mounting rods can form another parallelogram mechanism with the vehicle body on the second side of the vehicle body, so that the front and rear position adjustment and height position adjustment of the fork frame can be realized through the synchronous movement of the two parallelogram mechanisms.
  • a second stabilizer can be provided at the front end of the first mounting rod and the second mounting rod, and a first stabilizer can be provided at the rear end of the first mounting rod and the second mounting rod.
  • a first lifting member can be provided between the body and the first mounting rod or between the body and the telescopic member, so that the body can be driven by the lifting of the first lifting member
  • the parallelogram mechanism on the first side lifts and lowers
  • a second lifting member is arranged between the body and the second mounting rod or between the body and the telescopic member three, so that the second lifting member can drive the parallelism of the second side of the body
  • the quadrilateral mechanism lifts and lowers, so that the parallelogram mechanisms on both sides of the vehicle body can realize linkage under the action of the telescopic part itself and the action of the first lifting part and the second lifting part, so that the fork frame can be at the height position and front and rear. Position adjustment in direction.
  • the first stabilizer is located at one end of the first mounting rod and the second mounting rod
  • the second stabilizer is located at the first mounting rod and the second mounting rod. Install the other end of the rod.
  • the first stabilizer and the second stabilizer are installed at the ends of the first installation rod and the second installation rod, so that the first stabilizer and the second stabilizer can be connected to the first installation rod and
  • the distribution between the second mounting rods is relatively wide, so that the ends of the mounting rods can be directly connected, so that the strength of the fork frame is higher and the stability is better.
  • the first stabilizer and the second stabilizer are both formed by connecting a plurality of segmented rods, or the first stabilizer and the second stabilizer are both integrated rods.
  • first stabilizer and the second stabilizer may preferably be arranged as rod-shaped parts.
  • first stabilizer and the second stabilizer may also be parts such as hydraulic cylinders and electric cylinders.
  • a plurality of segmented rods can be connected to each other to form a stabilizer, so that a smaller short rod can be used to assemble a longer rod, so that the processing of the stabilizer is more convenient and the cost is lower. .
  • the first stabilizer can be configured as a two-segment rod including a first segmented rod and a second segmented rod
  • the second stabilizer can be configured as a two-segment rod including a third segmented rod and a fourth segmented rod.
  • Paragraph rod can be configured as a two-segment rod including a third segmented rod and a fourth segmented rod.
  • the first stabilizer and the second stabilizer can also be an integral rod.
  • the multiple segmented rods are connected by threads, which can make the connection between the segmented rods more convenient and reliable.
  • the first telescopic member, the first lifting member, the first stabilizer and the first mounting rod are connected by a universal joint or a ball joint
  • the second telescopic member, the The second stabilizing member and the first mounting rod are connected by a universal joint or a ball joint
  • the telescopic member three, the second lifting member, the first stabilizing member and the second mounting rod They are connected by a universal joint or a ball joint
  • the telescopic part 4 the second stabilizer and the second mounting rod are connected by a universal joint or a ball joint.
  • the telescopic member, the mounting rod, the stabilizer and the lifting member can preferably be connected by a universal joint, so that the telescopic member, the mounting rod, and the stabilizer can be realized through a universal joint (also called a universal joint).
  • a universal joint also called a universal joint.
  • the universal joint can also eliminate The torque brought by the synchronous movement, that is, the structure can also be used to eliminate the left and right shaking of the fork caused by the possible gap when the telescopic part is installed.
  • the telescopic member, the mounting rod, the stabilizer and the lifting member can also be connected by a ball joint.
  • the plurality of first telescopic members and the plurality of second telescopic members are hydraulic cylinders or electric cylinders, and the first lifting member and the second lifting members are both hydraulic cylinders or electric cylinders.
  • the telescopic element may be a structure capable of automatic expansion and contraction, such as a hydraulic cylinder or an electric cylinder.
  • the expansion element can be automatically expanded and contracted without the need for an additional drive structure.
  • the hydraulic cylinder can withstand a relatively large thrust
  • the use of the hydraulic cylinder for the telescopic part can also increase the support strength of the telescopic part, so that the fork can carry heavier objects.
  • the telescopic part can preferably be a multi-stage hydraulic cylinder.
  • the type of the telescopic element is not limited to hydraulic cylinders and electric cylinders, and the specific structure can be arbitrarily set according to actual needs.
  • the telescopic element can also be a cylinder.
  • the adjustment assembly includes: a first adjustment device installed on the vehicle body and connected with the fork frame to enable the fork frame to move in the height direction of the forklift; and second The adjusting device is installed on the vehicle body, connected with the fork frame, and can drive the fork frame to move in the front and rear direction of the forklift.
  • the adjustment assembly includes a first adjustment device and a second adjustment device, and the first adjustment device is used to adjust the height position of the fork frame, and the second adjustment device is used to adjust the front and rear position of the fork frame.
  • the height and the position adjustment of the fork frame in the front and rear directions can be realized through the dual functions of the first adjusting device and the second adjusting device.
  • the first adjusting device is preferably a lifting device, and the second adjusting device may be a telescopic device or the like.
  • the forklift further includes: a turntable, the turntable is rotatably mounted on the vehicle body, and the fork rack can place the goods on the fork rack under the action of the adjusting assembly The turntable.
  • the position of the forklift can be adjusted by adjusting the components, so that the forklift can place the cargo on the turntable.
  • the turntable can be rotated to realize the cargo on the car body. Rotate in order to be able to adjust the placement of the goods on the body. For example, when the length of the goods is relatively long, the length of the goods can be rotated to follow the forward and backward directions of the forklift to ensure the stability of the forklift transportation process and reduce the possibility of overturning In this way, it is possible to avoid the unreasonable placement of goods on the forklift and the occurrence of the overturning situation.
  • the space occupied by the article on both sides of the forklift can also be reduced, thereby reducing the overall width of the forklift when transporting goods.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a forklift according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is another schematic structural diagram of a forklift according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is another schematic structural diagram of a forklift provided according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is another schematic structural diagram of a forklift provided according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a forklift according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the first aspect of the present application provides a forklift, including a vehicle body 1, an adjusting component, and a fork frame 3.
  • the vehicle body 1 is provided with wheels 12, and the adjusting component is installed on the vehicle body. 1 on;
  • the fork frame 3 is connected to the adjustment assembly; wherein the adjustment assembly can drive the fork frame 3 to move in the forward and backward direction of the forklift, and can drive the fork frame 3 to move in the height direction of the forklift, and the adjustment assembly can be specifically shown in Figures 1 to
  • the multiple telescopic members 2 in FIG. 5 may be a whole composed of multiple telescopic members 2 and lifting members 4.
  • the forklift provided by the embodiment of the present application includes a vehicle body 1, an adjustment assembly, and a fork frame 3.
  • vehicle body 1 may preferably be provided with wheels 12, so that the front and rear movement of the vehicle body 1 can be realized through the wheels 12, and the fork frame 3 Installed on the vehicle body 1 or on the adjustment assembly along the front and rear direction of the forklift, which can realize pickup and unloading from the front end of the forklift.
  • the adjustment assembly is installed on the vehicle body 1 and connected with the fork 3 to drive the fork 3 along the front and rear of the forklift.
  • the adjustment assembly can also drive the fork 3 to move in the height direction of the forklift, that is, to move up and down, so that the fork 3 can move in the forward and backward direction of the forklift and can be raised and lowered in the height direction of the forklift.
  • the forklift when picking up or unloading goods through the fork 3, the forklift can be driven to the unloading point or near the picking point, and then the front and rear positions and height positions of the fork 3 can be adjusted according to actual needs, so that the fork can be moved.
  • the rack 3 is adjusted to the best pickup position or unloading position, so that the fork rack 3 can directly pick up goods of different heights and different distances at the best pickup position or unloading position.
  • This structure can directly adjust the front and rear position of the fork frame 3 by adjusting the components when unloading the goods around the forklift, without the need to adjust the distance between the forklift and the unloading point or the picking point, so that it is convenient when parking It is not necessary to calculate the distance between the forklift and the unloading point or the pick-up point too accurately, that is, just park the forklift roughly around the goods, which reduces the parking distance requirements when the forklift is parked, thereby reducing the forklift parking Control accuracy is required, and it can also avoid the need to adjust the distance between the forklift and the unloading point or the pick-up point multiple times due to improper parking distance, that is, this structure can pass through without the need to move the forklift as a whole
  • the forward and backward movement of the fork 3 adjusts the distance between the fork 3 and the pick-up point and the unloading point, so as to avoid frequent movement of the forklift.
  • this kind of arrangement can also extend the fork 3 into some narrow spaces, so as to be able to take some narrow objects, or unload objects to some relatively narrow places, so as to increase the scope of the operation of the expanded forklift. , To achieve operations in narrow areas.
  • this structure can also adjust the front and rear positions of the fork frame 3 by adjusting the components after the cargo is taken, so that the position of the cargo can be adjusted to the best transportation state, so that the weight of the cargo can be as low as possible. Evenly distributed on the vehicle, so that the goods can be more easily balanced and stable during transportation, and the risk of overturning caused by uneven distribution of the weight of the goods on the vehicle body 1 can be reduced.
  • the fork frame 3 When unloading, the fork frame 3 can also be directly placed on the body 1 after the fork frame 3 is picked up by the movement of the fork frame 3 in the front and rear direction and the height direction, so that the fork frame 3 can be realized by the body 1 And the support of the goods, reduce the load of the fork frame 3 during the movement of the forklift, and extend the service life of the fork frame 3.
  • the fork frame 3 and the adjustment assembly are detachably connected, so that the fork frame 3 and the adjustment assembly can be detached from each other, so that the fork frame 3 and the adjustment assembly can be disassembled for independent maintenance and replacement.
  • the adjustment assembly and the vehicle body 1 are also preferably detachably connected.
  • the wheels 12 are preferably universal wheels, so that the forklift can realize 360° steering.
  • the adjustment assembly includes: a plurality of telescopic members 2, which can be telescopically mounted on the vehicle body 1, and the fork frame 3 is mounted on the end of the multiple telescopic members 2 away from the vehicle body 1. , And a plurality of telescopic members 2 are parallel to each other and can be telescopically synchronized.
  • the adjustment assembly includes a plurality of telescopic members 2, so that the plurality of telescopic members 2 can be used to drive the fork frame 3, so that the fork frame 3 can move up and down or back and forth, and the plurality of retractable parts
  • the parts 2 are parallel to each other and can be synchronized telescopically, so that the multiple telescopic parts 2 can drive the fork frame 3 to move synchronously, thereby ensuring the stability of the fork frame 3 during the movement, so that when the fork frame 3 drives the goods to move, This can ensure the stability of the cargo on the fork frame 3 and prevent the cargo from tilting or falling.
  • realizing the position adjustment of the fork frame 3 by means of telescoping can also make the position adjustment of the fork frame 3 more accurate, which can prevent the fork frame 3 from being jammed.
  • the telescopic member 2 is a hydraulic cylinder, an electric cylinder or an air cylinder.
  • the plurality of telescopic members 2 includes a plurality of first telescopic members 22 and a plurality of second telescopic members 24, and the plurality of first telescopic members 22 are parallel and inclined to each other Ground mounted on the first side of the vehicle body 1, a plurality of second telescopic members 24 are installed on the second side of the vehicle body 1 in parallel and obliquely, and the plurality of first telescopic members 22 and the plurality of second telescopic members 24 are relative to the vehicle body 1. Symmetrical to each other; the fork 3 is supported and installed on a plurality of first telescopic members 22 and a plurality of second telescopic members 24.
  • a plurality of parallel and inclined first telescopic members 22 are provided on the first side of the vehicle body 1, and a plurality of parallel and inclined second telescopic members 24 are provided on the second side of the vehicle body 1.
  • the plurality of first telescopic members 22 and the plurality of second telescopic members 24 can form a support platform above the body 1, so that the two sides of the fork frame 3 can be directly erected and installed on the plurality of first telescopic members 22 and The support platform formed by the plurality of second telescopic members 24, so that the support and installation of the fork frame 3 can be realized by the plurality of telescopic members 2, and this structure can erect the fork frame 3 on the plurality of telescopic members 2.
  • the position adjustment of the fork frame 3 can be realized directly by the movement of the telescopic element 2, so that the fork frame 3 can be supported and installed above the body 1, so that the space above the body 1 can be reasonably used for other parts on the body 1. Space is reserved for the installation of parts.
  • the fork frame 3 of this structure will only be restricted by multiple telescopic parts 2, so that the fork frame 3 is not easily jammed by other parts on the body 1, and multiple first The telescopic member 22 and the plurality of second telescopic members 24 are arranged obliquely, so that when the plurality of first telescopic members 22 and the plurality of second telescopic members 24 are telescopic, the height position and the front and rear positions of the fork 3 can be adjusted at the same time.
  • the lengths of the plurality of first telescopic members 22 are equal and located at the same height position, and the lengths of the plurality of second telescopic members 24 are equal and located at the same height position, so that the end of the plurality of telescopic members 2 away from the body 1 can be A support plane parallel to the vehicle body 1 is formed, so that the fork frame 3 can be erected and installed on the plurality of telescopic members 2 more stably.
  • the fork frame 3 includes: a first mounting rod 32 supported and mounted on a plurality of first telescopic members 22, parallel to the body 1; a second mounting rod 34 , Supported and installed on the plurality of second telescopic members 24, parallel to the first mounting rod 32 and parallel to the body 1; the first fork rod 36 is mounted on the first mounting rod 32; the second fork rod 38 is mounted on The second mounting rod 34.
  • the fork frame 3 includes a first mounting rod 32 and a second mounting rod 34 located on both sides of the vehicle body 1, and the first mounting rod 32 is correspondingly mounted on a plurality of first telescopic members 22 arranged in parallel,
  • the first mounting rod 32, the plurality of first telescopic members 22 and the first side of the vehicle body 1 can be connected to form a parallel link mechanism.
  • the plurality of first telescopic members 22 can be used as two parallel link mechanisms. Therefore, the first mounting rod 32 can be driven to tilt and translate through the expansion and contraction of the plurality of first telescopic members 22, and thus the first mounting rod 32 can be moved in the height and front and rear directions.
  • the second mounting rod 34 is correspondingly installed on a plurality of second telescopic members 24 arranged in parallel, so that the second mounting rod 34, the plurality of second telescopic members 24 and the second side of the vehicle body 1 can be connected to form another type of parallel Link mechanism.
  • multiple second telescopic members 24 can be used as two sides of another type of parallel linkage mechanism, so that the second mounting rod 34 can be driven to tilt and translate through the expansion and contraction of the multiple second telescopic members 24, and then The movement of the second mounting rod 34 in the height and front and rear directions can be realized.
  • the first mounting rod 32 can realize the connection of multiple first telescopic parts 22, and the second mounting rod 34 can realize the connection between the multiple second telescopic parts 24, so that the fork frame 3 itself can be connected to multiple
  • the telescopic member 2 constitutes a mechanism that can be linked to each other, that is, the plurality of telescopic members 2, the first mounting rod 32 and the second mounting rod 34 of the fork frame 3, and the vehicle body 1 can form two parallel connections on both sides of the vehicle body 1.
  • Lever mechanism so that the vertical and forward translation of the fork frame 3 can be realized by the synchronous expansion and contraction of the parallel link mechanism on both sides, and this structure can realize the pairing by mutual traction between the multiple telescopic parts 2 and the two mounting rods.
  • the front and rear position and height position of the bracket are adjusted. This makes the whole structure of the product relatively simple and easy to process, thereby reducing costs.
  • the parallel linkage mechanism formed by the telescopic part 2 and the two mounting rods can make the adjustment
  • the drive between the component and the fork frame 3 is more precise and reliable, thereby reducing the failure rate of the product.
  • the first fork rod 36 and the second fork rod 38 are respectively connected to the first mounting rod 32 and the second mounting rod 34, and the goods can be picked and placed under the action of the first mounting rod 32 and the second mounting rod 34, such as
  • the two fork rods can be directly extended to the bottom of the cargo, and then the fork frame 3 can be raised to realize the removal of the cargo, or the fork frame 3 can be lowered to realize unloading, that is, the first fork rod 36 and the second fork rod 38 are specifically It is used to contact with the goods to realize the picking and handling of the goods.
  • the first fork rod 36 and the second fork rod 38 are both L-shaped rods or L-like rods, and this structure can pass through L-shaped rods or L-like rods.
  • the vertical side is connected with the installation rod, and the horizontal side of the L-shaped rod or the similar L-shaped rod is used to contact with the goods to carry out the picking and transportation of the goods.
  • any one of the plurality of telescopic members 2 can be rotatably connected with the body 1, and the adjustment assembly further includes: a lifting member 4, and The multiple telescopic members 2 are connected, and the multiple telescopic members 2 can be driven to rotate synchronously.
  • the plurality of telescopic members 2 are all rotatably connected with the body 1, and the lifting member 4 can drive the plurality of telescopic members 2 to rotate synchronously, so that the plurality of telescopic members 2 can be under the action of the lifting member 4 Synchronously swing in the front and rear direction of the vehicle body 1, thereby driving the fork frame 3 to move in the front and rear direction and the height direction at the same time, so that the position of the fork frame 3 in the front and rear direction and the height direction of the vehicle body 1 can be adjusted by the movement of the fork frame 3 .
  • the telescopic member 2 of this kind of structure can not only drive the fork 3 to move through expansion and contraction, but also can swing back and forth under the action of the lifting member 4 to drive the fork 3 to move, thereby increasing the fork 3 in the front and rear direction of the vehicle body 1. And the movement stroke in the height direction can increase the height adjustment range and the front and rear adjustment range of the fork 3.
  • any one of the plurality of telescopic members 2 can be connected to the vehicle body 1 by a hinge rotation.
  • the lifting member 4 is a hydraulic cylinder or an electric cylinder or an air cylinder, that is, the lifting drive of the parallel link mechanism on both sides of the vehicle body 1 can be directly realized by the hydraulic cylinder, the electric cylinder or the air cylinder in the actual process.
  • the lifting member 4 includes: a first lifting member 42 connected to a plurality of first telescopic members 22 for driving a plurality of A telescopic member 22 rotates; the second lifting member 44 is connected to a plurality of second telescopic members 24, and is used to drive the plurality of second telescopic members 24 to rotate; wherein, the first lifting member 42 is located on the first side of the vehicle body 1, and The two lifting members 44 are located on the second side of the vehicle body 1.
  • one lifting member 4 can be provided corresponding to the multiple first telescopic members 22 and the multiple second telescopic members 24 on both sides of the vehicle body 1, so that the vehicle body can be realized by two independent lifting members 4 1
  • this arrangement of two lifting members 4 corresponds to a plurality of first telescopic members 22 and a plurality of second telescopic members 24 installed on both sides of the vehicle body 1, which can realize the lifting drive of the parallel link mechanism on both sides of the vehicle body 1.
  • This enables the parallel link mechanisms on both sides of each vehicle body 1 to be independently driven.
  • this structure can make the installation between the lifting element 4 and the telescopic element 2 more compact, and can reserve an area in the middle of the vehicle body 1, so that the space utilization of the vehicle body 1 is more reasonable.
  • the lifting member 4 includes: a third lifting member 4 (not shown in the figure), which is installed in the middle of the vehicle body 1 and connected to a plurality of first telescopic members 22 and a plurality of second telescopic members 24 The connection is used to drive the plurality of first telescopic members 22 and the plurality of second telescopic members 24 to rotate.
  • the third lifting member 4 can be provided only in the middle of the vehicle body 1. In this way, the telescopic members 2 on both sides of the vehicle body 1 can be driven by one lifting member 4 at the same time. The movement is more synchronized, which can enhance the stability of the fork frame 3 when it moves. In addition, this arrangement can also reduce the number of parts of the product and improve the installation efficiency of the product.
  • the forklift further includes: a stabilizer assembly 5, which is installed between the first installation rod 32 and the second installation rod 34, or installed on the plurality of first telescopic members 22 And a plurality of second telescopic members 24.
  • the stabilizing assembly 5 may be provided between the first mounting rod 32 and the second mounting rod 34, or between the plurality of first telescopic members 22 and the plurality of second telescopic members 24.
  • the parallel link mechanisms on both sides of the car body 1 can be connected to each other to form a whole, so that the parallel link mechanisms on both sides of the car body 1 can restrain each other during their respective movements.
  • the parallel link mechanism can move synchronously, so as to ensure the stability of the fork frame 3 during the movement, and make up for the defect that the parallel link mechanism on both sides of the vehicle body 1 cannot be completely synchronized due to the influence of the structure.
  • the stabilizing assembly 5 includes a first stabilizing member 52 and a second stabilizing member 54.
  • the first stabilizing member 52 and the second stabilizing member 54 are connected in parallel and spaced apart.
  • the plurality of first telescopic members 22 include a telescopic member 222 and a telescopic member 224, which are telescopic
  • the first piece 222 is installed between the connection of the first stabilizer 52 and the first mounting rod 32 and the vehicle body 1
  • the second telescopic piece 224 is installed between the connection of the second stabilizer 54 and the first installation rod 32 and the vehicle body 1.
  • a plurality of second telescopic members 24 include telescopic member three 242 and telescopic member four 244, the third telescopic member 242 is installed between the first stabilizer 52 and the second mounting rod 34 and the body 1, the telescopic member four 244 Is installed between the connection of the second stabilizer 54 and the second mounting rod 34 and the vehicle body 1; the first lifting member 42 is installed between the connection of the first stabilizer 52 and the first installation rod 32 and the vehicle body 1. The two lifting members 44 are installed between the connection between the first stabilizer 52 and the second mounting rod 34 and the vehicle body 1.
  • two stabilizers may be provided between the first installation rod 32 and the second installation rod 34, so that the stability of the fork frame 3 can be ensured by the two stabilizers.
  • two parallel and inclined first telescopic members 22 can be provided on the first side of the vehicle body 1, such as telescopic member one 222 and telescopic member two 224, and two parallel and mutually parallel members can be provided on the second side of the vehicle body 1.
  • the second telescopic part 24, such as the third telescopic part 242 and the telescopic part four 244, are arranged obliquely, so that the first telescopic part 222, the second telescopic part 224 and the first mounting rod 32 can form one with the body 1 on the first side of the body 1.
  • Parallelogram mechanism, telescopic piece three 242, telescopic piece four 244 and the second mounting rod 34 can form another parallelogram mechanism with the body 1 on the second side of the body 1, so that the two parallelogram mechanisms can move synchronously.
  • the front and rear position adjustment and height position adjustment of the fork frame 3 are realized.
  • a second stabilizer 54 may be provided at the front end of the first mounting rod 32 and the second mounting rod 34, and a second stabilizer 54 may be provided at the rear end of the first mounting rod 32 and the second mounting rod 34 A first stabilizer 52.
  • a first lifting member can be provided between the body 1 and the first mounting rod 32 or between the body 1 and the telescopic member 222 42. In this way, the parallelogram mechanism on the first side of the vehicle body 1 can be lifted by the lifting of the first lifting member 42, and at the same time, a second vehicle body 1 and the second mounting rod 34 or between the vehicle body 1 and the telescopic member 242 can be provided.
  • Lifting member 44 so that the parallelogram mechanism on the second side of the car body 1 can be lifted and lowered by the lifting of the second lifting member 44, so that the parallelogram mechanism on both sides of the body 1 can expand and contract under the telescopic member 2 itself.
  • the lifting member 42 and the second lifting member 44 realize linkage, so that the height position and the position adjustment of the fork frame 3 in the front and rear directions can be realized.
  • the first stabilizer 52 is located at one end of the first mounting rod 32 and the second mounting rod 34
  • the second stabilizer 54 is located at the first mounting rod 32 and The other end of the second mounting rod 34.
  • first stabilizer 52 and the second stabilizer 54 are installed at the ends of the first installation rod 32 and the second installation rod 34, so that the first stabilizer 52 and the second stabilizer 54
  • the distribution between the first mounting rod 32 and the second mounting rod 34 is relatively wide, so that the ends of the mounting rods can be directly connected, so that the fork frame 3 can have higher strength and better stability.
  • first stabilizer 52 and the second stabilizer 54 are formed by connecting a plurality of segmented rods.
  • first stabilizer 52 and the second stabilizer 54 may also be an integral rod.
  • first stabilizer 52 and the second stabilizer 54 may preferably be arranged as rod-shaped parts.
  • first stabilizer 52 and the second stabilizer 54 may also be hydraulic cylinders, electric cylinders, etc.
  • a plurality of segmented rods can be connected to each other to form a stabilizer, so that a smaller short rod can be used to assemble a longer rod, so that the processing of the stabilizer is more convenient and the cost is lower. .
  • the first stabilizer 52 may be configured as a two-segment rod including a first segmented rod 522 and a second segmented rod 524
  • the second stabilizer 54 may be configured to include a third segmented rod 542 and a fourth segmented rod.
  • the two-stage pole of the segmented pole 544 may also be an integral rod.
  • the multiple segmented rods are connected by threads, which can make the connection between the segmented rods more convenient and reliable.
  • multiple segmented rods can be threaded through a sleeve.
  • the first telescopic member 222, the first lifting member 42, the first stabilizer 52 and the first mounting rod 32 are connected by a universal joint 6, and the second telescopic member 224, the second stabilizer 54 and the first mounting rod 32 are connected by a universal joint 6, the telescopic part 242, the second lifting part 44, the first stabilizer 52 and the second mounting rod 34 are connected by a universal joint 6, and the telescopic part four 244.
  • the second stabilizer 54 and the second mounting rod 34 are connected by a universal joint 6.
  • the telescopic member 2, the mounting rod, the stabilizer, and the lifting member 4 can preferably be connected by a universal joint 6, so that the telescopic member 2 can be realized by a universal joint 6 (also called a universal joint).
  • a universal joint 6 also called a universal joint.
  • the universal joint 6 also The torque caused by asynchronous movement can be eliminated, that is, the structure can also be used to eliminate the left and right shaking of the fork frame 3 caused by the possible gap when the telescopic member 2 is installed.
  • the telescopic member 2, the mounting rod, the stabilizer, and the lifting member 4 can also be connected by a ball joint.
  • the plurality of first telescopic members 22 and the plurality of second telescopic members 24 are all hydraulic cylinders or electric cylinders, and the first lifting member 42 and the second lifting member 44 are both hydraulic cylinders or electric cylinders. .
  • the telescopic element 2 may be a structure capable of automatic expansion and contraction, such as a hydraulic cylinder or an electric cylinder.
  • the expansion element 2 can be automatically expanded and contracted without the need for an additional driving structure. Since the hydraulic cylinder can withstand relatively large thrust, the use of the hydraulic cylinder for the telescopic member 2 can also increase the support strength of the telescopic member 2 so that the fork 3 can carry heavier objects.
  • the telescopic member 2 may preferably adopt a multi-stage hydraulic cylinder.
  • the type of the telescopic member 2 is not limited to hydraulic cylinders and electric cylinders, and its specific structure can be arbitrarily set according to actual needs.
  • the telescopic member can also be a cylinder.
  • the adjustment assembly includes: a first adjustment device, installed on the vehicle body 1, connected with the fork frame 3, capable of moving the fork frame 3 in the height direction of the forklift ;
  • the second adjusting device is installed on the body 1 and connected to the fork frame 3 to drive the fork frame 3 to move in the forward and backward directions of the forklift.
  • the adjustment assembly includes a first adjustment device and a second adjustment device.
  • the first adjustment device is used to adjust the height position of the fork frame 3, and the second adjustment device is used to adjust the front and rear position of the fork frame 3.
  • the first adjusting device is preferably a lifting device, and the second adjusting device may be a telescopic device or the like.
  • the forklift further includes: a turntable 7, which is rotatably mounted on the vehicle body 1, and the fork 3 can be mounted on the fork 3 under the action of the adjusting assembly The goods are placed on the turntable 7.
  • the position of the forklift 3 can be adjusted by adjusting the components so that the forklift 3 can place the goods on the turntable 7 and then, the turntable 7 can be rotated to achieve
  • the rotation of the goods on the body 1 can adjust the placement of the goods on the body 1.
  • the length of the goods can be rotated to follow the forward and backward directions of the forklift to ensure the forklift transportation process. It is stable and reduces the possibility of overturning, so that it can avoid the unreasonable placement of goods on the forklift and the overturning.
  • the space occupied by the article on both sides of the forklift can also be reduced, thereby reducing the overall width of the forklift when transporting goods.
  • connection can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium.

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Abstract

一种叉车，包括：车身（1）；调节组件，安装在车身（1）上；叉架（3），与调节组件连接；调节组件能够驱动叉架（3）沿叉车的前后方向运动，及能够驱动叉架（3）沿叉车的高度方向运动。

Description

叉车
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为：201910219050.1，申请日为2019年3月21日的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本申请涉及工程车辆领域，具体而言，涉及一种叉车。
背景技术
叉车广泛用于货物的装卸、堆垛和短距离运输作业，在企业的物流系统中扮演着非常重要的角色，是物料搬运设备中的主力军。但目前叉车的叉架只能够沿叉车的高度方向进行升降，而无法沿叉车的前后方向进行移动，这样就使得叉架在取卸货物时只能够依靠叉车车轮自身的运动而调节叉车与取货点或卸货点之间的距离，而这样就要求在叉车停车时需要较精准地掌握好叉车与取货点或卸货点之间的距离，否则会因叉车停的过近或停的过远而导致需要频繁移动叉车的现象发生。同时，对于卸货点或取货点比较狭窄的场合，叉车也无法停靠的过近，这样也极易导致叉车与取货点或卸货点之间的距离过远而导致卸货和取货不便。
因此，如何设计出一种叉架能够沿叉车的前后方向进行运动的叉车成为目前亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本申请旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。
为此，本申请的一个目的在于，提供一种叉车。
为实现上述目的，本申请第一方面的实施例提供了一种叉车，包括：车身，所述车身上设置有车轮；调节组件，安装在所述车身上；叉架，与所述调节组件连接；其中，所述调节组件能够驱动所述叉架沿所述叉车的前后方向运动，以及能够驱动所述叉架沿所述叉车的高度方向运动。
根据本申请的实施例提供的叉车，包括车身、调节组件和叉架，其中，可优选在车身上设置车轮，这样可通过车轮来实现车身的前后运动，而叉架沿叉车的前后方向安装在车身上或调节组件上，能够从叉车的前端实现取货和卸货，而调节组件安装在车身上， 与叉架连接，能够带动叉架沿叉车的前后方向移动，同时调节组件还能够带动叉架沿叉车的高度方向运动，也即上下方向运动，这样就使得叉架既能够沿叉车的前后方向运动又能够沿叉车的高度方向进行升降。该种结构在通过叉架取货或卸货时，可先将叉车开到卸货点或取货点附近，然后便可根据实际需要来调节叉架的前后位置和高度位置，以便能够将叉架调节到最佳的取货位置或卸货位置，以使叉架能够在最佳的取货位置或卸货位置直接取拿到不同高度和不同远近的货物。而这种结构在取卸叉车周围的货物时，可直接通过调节组件来调节叉架的前后位置，而不需要来回调节叉车与卸货点或取货点之间的距离，这样在停车时便不用过于精准地计算叉车与卸货点或取货点之间的距离，即只要将叉车大致停在货物的周围便可，这样就降低了叉车停车时对停车距离的要求，从而降低了叉车停车的控制精度要求，且还可避免因停车距离不合适而需要多次往返调节叉车与卸货点或取货点之间的距离的现象发生，即该种结构能够在不需要整体移动叉车的前提下通过叉架的前后运动调节叉架与取货点和卸货点之间的距离，这样便可避免频繁移动叉车。此外，该种设置也可将叉架伸入到一些狭窄空间内，以便能够取拿一些狭窄地方的物品，或者将物品卸载到一些比较狭窄的地方，从而便可提高扩大叉车可以作业的场合，实现狭窄地区的作业。
另外，该种结构还可在货物取拿完成后通过调节组件来调节叉架的前后上下的位置，以便能够将货物的位置调节到最佳运输状态，以使货物的重量能够尽可能地在车上均匀分布，这样便可使货物在运输过程中更易保持平衡和稳定，而降低货物的重量在车身上分布不均而导致的翻车风险。而在卸货时，也可通过叉架在前后方向和高度方向上的运动而在叉架取货后将叉架直接放置到车身上，这样便可借助车身来实现叉架和货物的支撑，降低叉车运动过程中叉架的负载，延长叉架的使用寿命。
其中，叉架与调节组件能够拆卸地连接，这样使得叉架与调节组件能够相互拆卸，从而使得叉架和调节组件能够拆卸下来进行独立的维修和更换。而调节组件与车身也优选能够拆卸地连接。其中，在车身上设置车轮，可通过车轮实现叉车的行走，而车轮优选为万向轮，这样就使得叉车可以实现360°的转向。
另外，根据本申请上述实施例提供的叉车还具有如下附加技术特征：
在上述技术方案中，所述调节组件包括：多个伸缩件，能够伸缩地安装在所述车身上，所述叉架安装在多个所述伸缩件远离所述车身的一端上，且多个所述伸缩件相互平行，并能够同步伸缩。
在该些技术方案中，调节组件包括多个伸缩件，这样便能够利用多个伸缩件来进行叉架的驱动运动，以使叉架能够上下运动或前后运动，而多个伸缩件相互平行且能够同步伸缩，这样就使得多个伸缩件能够带动叉架同步运动，从而可确保叉架在运动过程中 的稳定性，这样在通过叉架带动货物运动时，便可确保货物在叉架上的稳定性，防止货物倾斜或掉落。而通过伸缩的方式来实现叉架的位置调节还能够使叉架的位置调节更加精准，可避免叉架被卡死等情况的发生。
其中，伸缩件为液压缸或电动缸或气缸。
在上述任一技术方案中，多个所述伸缩件包括多个第一伸缩件和多个第二伸缩件，所述多个第一伸缩件相互平行并倾斜地安装在所述车身的第一侧，所述多个第二伸缩件相互平行并倾斜地安装在所述车身的第二侧，且所述多个第一伸缩件与所述多个第二伸缩件关于所述车身相互对称；所述叉架支撑安装在所述多个第一伸缩件和所述多个第二伸缩件上。
在该些技术方案中，在车身的第一侧设置有多个平行并倾斜的第一伸缩件，而在车身的第二侧设置有多个平行并倾斜的第二伸缩件，这样多个第一伸缩件和多个第二伸缩件便可在车身的上方形成一个支撑平台，这样便可将叉架的两侧直接架设安装在多个第一伸缩件和多个第二伸缩件形成的支撑平台上，以便能够通过多个伸缩件来实现对叉架的支撑安装，而这种结构能够将叉架架设安装在多个伸缩件上，从而能够直接通过伸缩件的运动而实现对叉架的位置调节，这样便能够将叉架支撑安装在车身的上方，从而可合理利用车身上方的空间，为车身上的其它零部件的安装预留出空间，再者该种结构叉架只会受到多个伸缩件的牵制，因而使得叉架不易被车身上的其它零部件卡死，而多个第一伸缩件和多个第二伸缩件均倾斜设置，这样在多个第一伸缩件和多个第二伸缩件伸缩时便能够同时调节叉架的高度位置和前后位置，这样便能够利用一个部件同时实现叉架的高度位置和前后位置的调节，而不用针对高度位置调节和前后位置调节各设置一个调节件，从而便可简化产品的结构，降低产品的成本。
在本申请的一些实施例中，多个所述第一伸缩件的长度相等且位于相同的高度位置，多个所述第二伸缩件的长度相等且位于相同的高度位置，这样就使得多个伸缩件远离车身的一端能够形成一个与车身平行的支撑平面，这样便能够将叉架更稳定地架设安装在多个伸缩件上。
在上述任一技术方案中，所述叉架包括：第一安装杆，支撑安装在所述多个第一伸缩件上，与所述车身平行；第二安装杆，支撑安装在所述多个第二伸缩件上，与所述第一安装杆平行，并与所述车身平行；第一叉杆，安装在所述第一安装杆上；第二叉杆，安装在所述第二安装杆上。
在该些技术方案中，叉架包括位于车身两侧的第一安装杆和第二安装杆，而第一安装杆对应安装在多个平行设置的第一伸缩件上，这样第一安装杆、多个第一伸缩件和车身的第一侧便可连接成一个类平行连杆机构，此时，多个第一伸缩件可作为平行连杆机 构的两侧，从而通过多个第一伸缩件的伸缩便可带动第一安装杆倾斜平移，进而可实现第一安装杆在高度和前后方向上的移动。而第二安装杆对应安装在多个平行设置的第二伸缩件上，这样第二安装杆、多个第二伸缩件和车身的第二侧便可连接成另一个类平行连杆机构，此时，多个第二伸缩件可作为另一类平行连杆机构的两侧，从而通过多个第二伸缩件的伸缩便可带动第二安装杆倾斜平移，进而可实现第二安装杆在高度和前后方向上的移动。该种结构第一安装杆可实现多个第一伸缩件的连接，第二安装杆可实现多个第二伸缩件之间的连接，这样就使得叉架本身能够与多个伸缩件构成一个能够相互连动的机构，即多个伸缩件、叉架的第一安装杆和第二安装杆以及车身能够在车身的两侧形成两个类平行连杆机构，从而通过两侧的类平行连杆机构的同步伸缩便可实现叉架的上下前后平移，而这种结构可通过多个伸缩件与两个安装杆之间的相互牵引实现对支架的前后位置和高度位置调节，这样一方面使得产品的整个结构比较简单，便于加工，从而可降低成本，另一方面通过伸缩件与两个安装杆形成的类平行连杆机构能够使调节组件与叉架之间的驱动更加精准和牢靠，从而能够降低产品的故障率。而第一叉杆和第二叉杆分别与第一安装杆和第二安装杆连接，能够在第一安装杆和第二安装杆的作用下实现货物的取放，比如可直接将两个叉杆伸入到货物的底部，然后可抬高叉架，以实现货物的取出，或者降低叉架实现卸货，即这里第一叉杆和第二叉杆具体用于与货物接触，以实现货物的取拿搬运。
其中，第一叉杆和第二叉杆均为L形杆或类L形杆，该种结构可通过L形杆或类L形杆的竖边来与安装杆进行连接，而通过L形杆或类L形杆的横边来与货物进行接触，以进行货物的取拿搬运等。
在上述任一技术方案中，优选地，多个所述伸缩件中的任一所述伸缩件与所述车身之间均能够转动地连接，所述调节组件还包括：升降件，与多个所述伸缩件连接，能够驱动多个所述伸缩件同步转动。
在该些技术方案中，多个伸缩件均与车身转动地连接，且升降件能够带动多个伸缩件进行同步转动，这样多个伸缩件便能够在升降件的作用下沿车身的前后方向同步平行摆动，从而能够同时带动叉架沿前后方向和高度方向运动，这样便能够通过叉架的运动来调整叉架在车身前后方向和高度方向上的位置。而该种结构伸缩件既能够通过伸缩而带动叉架运动，又能够在升降件的作用下前后摆动而带动叉架运动，从而能够增大叉架在车身的前后方向上和高度方向上的运动行程，进而能够增大叉架的高度调节范围和前后调节范围。
在本申请的一些实施例中，升降件为液压缸或电动缸或气缸，即在实际过程中可直接通过液压缸或电动缸或气缸来实现车身两侧的类平行连杆机构的升降驱动。
在上述任一技术方案中，所述升降件包括：第一升降件，与多个所述第一伸缩件连接，用于驱动多个所述第一伸缩件转动；第二升降件，与多个所述第二伸缩件连接，用于驱动多个所述第二伸缩件转动；其中，所述第一升降件位于所述车身的第一侧，所述第二升降件位于所述车身的第二侧。
在该些技术方案中，可分别对应车身两侧的多个第一伸缩件和多个第二伸缩件各设置一个升降件，这样可通过两个独立的升降件来实现车身两侧的伸缩件的驱动。而这种设置两个升降件对应多个第一伸缩件和多个第二伸缩件安装在车身的两侧，能够实现车身两侧的类平行连杆机构的升降驱动，这样就使得每个车身两侧的类平行连杆机构均能够独立驱动。同时，该种结构能够使升降件与伸缩件之间安装的更加紧凑，且能够预留出车身中部的区域，以使车身的空间利用的更加合理。
在上述另一技术方案中，所述升降件包括：第三升降件，安装在所述车身的中部，与多个所述第一伸缩件连接和多个所述第二伸缩件连接，用于驱动多个所述第一伸缩件和多个所述第二伸缩件转动。
在该些技术方案中，可只在车身的中部设置第三升降件，这样能够通过一个升降件同时实现车身两侧的伸缩件的驱动，因而能够使多个伸缩件的运动更加同步，从而能够增强叉架运动时的稳定性，此外，这种设置还可减少产品的零部件的数量，提高产品的安装效率。
在上述任一技术方案中，所述叉车还包括：稳定组件，安装在所述第一安装杆与所述第二安装杆之间，或安装在多个所述第一伸缩件和多个所述第二伸缩件之间。
在该些技术方案中，可在第一安装杆和第二安装杆之间设置稳定组件，或者在多个第一伸缩件与多个第二伸缩件之间设置稳定组件，这样能够使车身两侧的类平行连杆机构能够相互连接而形成一个整体，从而使得车身两侧的类平行连杆机构在各自运动时能够相互牵制，这样就使得车身两侧的类平行连杆机构能够同步运动，从而可确保叉架在运动过程中的稳定性，弥补车身两侧的类平行连杆机构因结构等影响而导致的不能完全同步的缺陷。
在上述任一技术方案中，所述稳定组件包括第一稳定件和第二稳定件，所述第一稳定件和所述第二稳定件相互平行并间隔地连接在所述第一安装杆与所述第二安装杆之间，且所述第一稳定件位于所述第二稳定件的后侧；所述多个第一伸缩件包括伸缩件一和伸缩件二，所述伸缩件一安装在所述第一稳定件和所述第一安装杆的连接处与所述车身之间，所述伸缩件二安装在所述第二稳定件和所述第一安装杆的连接处与所述车身之间，或所述多个第二伸缩件包括伸缩件三和伸缩件四，所述伸缩件三安装在所述第一稳定件和所述第二安装杆的连接处与所述车身之间，所述伸缩件四安装在所述第二稳定件 和所述第二安装杆的连接处与所述车身之间；所述第一升降件安装在所述第一稳定件和所述第一安装杆的连接处与所述车身之间，所述第二升降件安装在所述第一稳定件和所述第二安装杆的连接处与所述车身之间。
在该些技术方案中，可在第一安装杆和第二安装杆之间设置两个稳定件，这样便可通过两个稳定件来确保叉架的稳定性。同时，可在车身的第一侧设置两个相互平行并倾斜设置的第一伸缩件，比如伸缩件一和伸缩件二，而在车身的第二侧设置两个相互平行并倾斜设置的第二伸缩件，比如伸缩件三和伸缩件四，这样伸缩件一、伸缩件二和第一安装杆便可与车身在车身的第一侧形成一个平行四边形机构，伸缩件三、伸缩件四和第二安装杆便可与车身在车身的第二侧形成另一平行四边形机构，这样通过两个平行四边形机构的同步运动便可实现叉架的前后位置调节和高度位置调节。而为了增强叉架的稳定性，可在第一安装杆和第二安装杆的前端设置一个第二稳定件，而在第一安装杆和第二安装杆的后端设置一个第一稳定件，而为了能够增强叉架的高度调节范围和前后调节的距离，可在车身与第一安装杆之间或车身与伸缩件一之间设置第一升降件，这样可通过第一升降件的升降驱动车身第一侧的平行四边形机构进行升降，并同时在车身与第二安装杆之间或车身与伸缩件三之间设置第二升降件，这样可通过第二升降件的升降驱动车身第二侧的平行四边形机构进行升降，这样车身两侧的平行四边形机构便可在伸缩件自身伸缩的作用下以及第一升降件和第二升降件的作用下实现联动，从而便可实现叉架在高度位置和前后方向上的位置调节。
在上述任一技术方案中，所述第一稳定件位于所述第一安装杆和所述第二安装杆的一端部，所述第二稳定件位于所述第一安装杆和所述第二安装杆的另一端部。
在该些技术方案中，将第一稳定件和第二稳定件安装在第一安装杆和第二安装杆的端部，这样能够使第一稳定件和第二稳定件在第一安装杆和第二安装杆之间分布的比较宽，从而能够直接将安装杆的端部连接起来，这样便能够使叉架的强度更高，稳定性更好。
在上述任一技术方案中，所述第一稳定件和所述第二稳定件均通过多个分段杆连接形成，或所述第一稳定件和所述第二稳定件均为一体杆。
在该些技术方案中，可优选将第一稳定件和第二稳定件设置成杆状零件，当然，第一稳定件和第二稳定件也可为液压缸、电动缸等零件。而优选地，可将多个分段杆相互对接而形成一个稳定件，这样能够利用较小的短杆而组装成一个较长的杆件，从而可使稳定件的加工更加方便，成本更低。具体地，比如可将第一稳定件设置成包括第一分段杆和第二分段杆的两段杆，将第二稳定件设置成包括第三分段杆和第四分段杆的两段杆。当然，在另一方案中第一稳定件和第二稳定件也可为一体杆。
其中，多个分段杆之间通过螺纹连接，这样能够使分段杆之间连接的更加方便可靠。
进一步优选地，所述伸缩件一、所述第一升降件、所述第一稳定件和所述第一安装杆之间通过万向接头或通过球接头连接，所述伸缩件二、所述第二稳定件和所述第一安装杆之间通过万向接头或通过球接头连接，所述伸缩件三、所述第二升降件、所述第一稳定件和所述第二安装杆之间通过万向接头或通过球接头连接，所述伸缩件四、所述第二稳定件和所述第二安装杆之间通过万向接头或通过球接头连接。
在该些技术方案中，伸缩件、安装杆、稳定件和升降件之间可优选通过万向接头连接，这样可通过万向接头(又称万向节)来实现伸缩件、安装杆、稳定件和升降件之间的力的传递。而这种连接方式使得叉车两侧的调节组件能够在伸缩件因误差而不能同步运动时起到一定的约束作用，从而能够促进叉架两侧的同步运动，同时，万向接头还能够消除不同步运动带来的扭矩，即该结构还可用于消除伸缩件安装时可能存在的间隙而造成的叉架左右晃动。而在另一方案中，也可将伸缩件、安装杆、稳定件和升降件之间通过球接头进行连接。
进一步优选地，多个所述第一伸缩件和多个所述第二伸缩件均为液压缸或电动缸，所述第一升降件和所述第二升降件均为液压缸或电动缸。
在该些技术方案中，伸缩件可为液压缸或电动缸等能够进行自动伸缩的结构，此时伸缩件可进行自动伸缩，而不需要设置额外的驱动结构。而由于液压缸能承受比较大的推力，因此伸缩件采用液压缸还能够增强伸缩件的支撑力度，从而使得叉架能够搬运较重的物品。同时，由于叉车上空间有限，因此伸缩件可优选采用多级液压缸。
当然，伸缩件的类型也不限于液压缸和电动缸，其具体结构可根据实际需要任意设置，比如，伸缩件也可为气缸。
在上述任一技术方案中，所述调节组件包括：第一调节装置，安装在所述车身上，与所述叉架连接，能够使所述叉架沿所述叉车的高度方向运动；第二调节装置，安装在所述车身上，与所述叉架连接，能够驱动所述叉架沿所述叉车的前后方向运动。
在该些技术方案中，调节组件包括第一调节装置和第二调节装置，而第一调节装置用于调节叉架的高度位置，而第二调节装置用于调节叉架的前后位置，这样便可通过第一调节装置和第二调节装置的双重作用实现叉架在高度和前后方向的位置调节。而第一调节装置优选为升降装置，而第二调节装置可为伸缩装置等。
在上述任一技术方案中，所述叉车还包括：转盘，所述转盘能够转动地安装在所述车身上，所述叉架在所述调节组件的作用下能够将叉架上的货物放置到所述转盘上。
在该些技术方案中，在叉架取货后，可通过调节组件调节叉架的位置，以使叉架能够将其上的货物放置到转盘上，此后，可转动转盘实现货物在车身上的旋转，以便能够 调节货物在车身上的放置姿态，比如在货物的长度比较长时，可将物品的长度方向旋转到沿着叉车的前后方向，以确保叉车运输过程的稳定，降低翻车的可能性，这样便能够避免货物在叉车上放置不合理而导致翻车情况的发生。此外，通过将物品的长度方向旋转到沿着叉车的前后方向还能够减少物品在叉车两侧的空间占用，从而能够减小叉车在运输货物时的整体宽度。
根据本申请的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述部分中给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。
附图说明
本申请的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1是根据本申请的实施例提供的叉车的结构示意图；
图2是根据本申请的实施例提供的叉车的另一结构示意图；
图3是根据本申请的实施例提供的叉车的又一结构示意图；
图4是根据本申请的实施例提供的叉车的再一结构示意图；
图5是根据本申请的实施例提供的叉车的分解结构示意图。
其中，图1至图5中附图标记与部件名称之间的对应关系为：
1车身，12车轮，2伸缩件，22第一伸缩件，222伸缩件一，224伸缩件二，24第二伸缩件，242伸缩件三，244伸缩件四，3叉架，32第一安装杆，34第二安装杆，36第一叉杆，38第二叉杆，4升降件，42第一升降件，44第二升降件，5稳定组件，52第一稳定件，522第一分段杆，524第二分段杆，54第二稳定件，542第三分段杆，544第四分段杆，6万向接头，7转盘。
具体实施方式
为了能够更清楚地理解本申请的上述目的、特征和优点，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本申请进行进一步的详细描述。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本申请，但是，本申请还可以采用其他不同于在此描述的方式来实施，因此，本申请的保护范围并不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。
下面参照图1至图5来描述根据本申请的实施例提供的叉车。
如图1至图5所示，本申请第一方面的实施例提供了一种叉车，包括车身1、调节组件和叉架3，具体地，车身1上设置有车轮12，调节组件安装在车身1上；叉架3，与调节组件连接；其中，调节组件能够驱动叉架3沿叉车的前后方向运动，以及能够驱动叉架3沿叉车的高度方向运动，而调节组件可具体为图1至图5中的多个伸缩件2，或者为多个伸缩件2与升降件4组成的整体。
根据本申请的实施例提供的叉车，包括车身1、调节组件和叉架3，其中，可优选在车身1上设置车轮12，这样可通过车轮12来实现车身1的前后运动，而叉架3沿叉车的前后方向安装在车身1上或调节组件上，能够从叉车的前端实现取货和卸货，而调节组件安装在车身1上，与叉架3连接，能够带动叉架3沿叉车的前后方向移动，同时调节组件还能够带动叉架3沿叉车的高度方向运动，也即上下方向运动，这样就使得叉架3既能够沿叉车的前后方向运动又能够沿叉车的高度方向进行升降。该种结构在通过叉架3取货或卸货时，可先将叉车开到卸货点或取货点附近，然后便可根据实际需要来调节叉架3的前后位置和高度位置，以便能够将叉架3调节到最佳的取货位置或卸货位置，以使叉架3能够在最佳的取货位置或卸货位置直接取拿到不同高度和不同远近的货物。而这种结构在取卸叉车周围的货物时，可直接通过调节组件来调节叉架3的前后位置，而不需要来回调节叉车与卸货点或取货点之间的距离，这样在停车时便不用过于精准地计算叉车与卸货点或取货点之间的距离，即只要将叉车大致停在货物的周围便可，这样就降低了叉车停车时对停车距离的要求，从而降低了叉车停车的控制精度要求，且还可避免因停车距离不合适而需要多次往返调节叉车与卸货点或取货点之间的距离的现象发生，即该种结构能够在不需要整体移动叉车的前提下通过叉架3的前后运动调节叉架3与取货点和卸货点之间的距离，这样便可避免频繁移动叉车。此外，该种设置也可将叉架3伸入到一些狭窄空间内，以便能够取拿一些狭窄地方的物品，或者将物品卸载到一些比较狭窄的地方，从而便可提高扩大叉车可以作业的场合，实现狭窄地区的作业。
另外，该种结构还可在货物取拿完成后通过调节组件来调节叉架3的前后上下的位置，以便能够将货物的位置调节到最佳运输状态，以使货物的重量能够尽可能地在车上均匀分布，这样便可使货物在运输过程中更易保持平衡和稳定，而降低货物的重量在车身1上分布不均而导致的翻车风险。而在卸货时，也可通过叉架3在前后方向和高度方向上的运动而在叉架3取货后将叉架3直接放置到车身1上，这样便可借助车身1来实现叉架3和货物的支撑，降低叉车运动过程中叉架3的负载，延长叉架3的使用寿命。
其中，叉架3与调节组件能够拆卸地连接，这样使得叉架3与调节组件能够相互拆卸，从而使得叉架3和调节组件能够拆卸下来进行独立的维修和更换。而调节组件与车 身1也优选能够拆卸地连接。而车轮12优选为万向轮，这样就使得叉车可以实现360°的转向。
在上述实施例中，如图1至图5所示，调节组件包括：多个伸缩件2，能够伸缩地安装在车身1上，叉架3安装在多个伸缩件2远离车身1的一端上，且多个伸缩件2相互平行，并能够同步伸缩。
在该些实施例中，调节组件包括多个伸缩件2，这样便能够利用多个伸缩件2来进行叉架3的驱动运动，以使叉架3能够上下运动或前后运动，而多个伸缩件2相互平行且能够同步伸缩，这样就使得多个伸缩件2能够带动叉架3同步运动，从而可确保叉架3在运动过程中的稳定性，这样在通过叉架3带动货物运动时，便可确保货物在叉架3上的稳定性，防止货物倾斜或掉落。而通过伸缩的方式来实现叉架3的位置调节还能够使叉架3的位置调节更加精准，可避免叉架3被卡死等情况的发生。
其中，伸缩件2为液压缸或电动缸或气缸。
在上述任一实施例中，如图1至图5所示，多个伸缩件2包括多个第一伸缩件22和多个第二伸缩件24，多个第一伸缩件22相互平行并倾斜地安装在车身1的第一侧，多个第二伸缩件24相互平行并倾斜地安装在车身1的第二侧，且多个第一伸缩件22与多个第二伸缩件24关于车身1相互对称；叉架3支撑安装在多个第一伸缩件22和多个第二伸缩件24上。
在该些实施例中，在车身1的第一侧设置有多个平行并倾斜的第一伸缩件22，而在车身1的第二侧设置有多个平行并倾斜的第二伸缩件24，这样多个第一伸缩件22和多个第二伸缩件24便可在车身1的上方形成一个支撑平台，这样便可将叉架3的两侧直接架设安装在多个第一伸缩件22和多个第二伸缩件24形成的支撑平台上，以便能够通过多个伸缩件2来实现对叉架3的支撑安装，而这种结构能够将叉架3架设安装在多个伸缩件2上，从而能够直接通过伸缩件2的运动而实现对叉架3的位置调节，这样便能够将叉架3支撑安装在车身1的上方，从而可合理利用车身1上方的空间，为车身1上的其它零部件的安装预留出空间，再者该种结构叉架3只会受到多个伸缩件2的牵制，因而使得叉架3不易被车身1上的其它零部件卡死，而多个第一伸缩件22和多个第二伸缩件24均倾斜设置，这样在多个第一伸缩件22和多个第二伸缩件24伸缩时便能够同时调节叉架3的高度位置和前后位置，这样便能够利用一个部件同时实现叉架3的高度位置和前后位置的调节，而不用针对高度位置调节和前后位置调节各设置一个调节件，从而便可简化产品的结构，降低产品的成本。
其中，多个第一伸缩件22的长度相等且位于相同的高度位置，多个第二伸缩件24的长度相等且位于相同的高度位置，这样就使得多个伸缩件2远离车身1的一端能够形 成一个与车身1平行的支撑平面，这样便能够将叉架3更稳定地架设安装在多个伸缩件2上。
在上述任一实施例中，如图1至图5所示，叉架3包括：第一安装杆32，支撑安装在多个第一伸缩件22上，与车身1平行；第二安装杆34，支撑安装在多个第二伸缩件24上，与第一安装杆32平行，并与车身1平行；第一叉杆36，安装在第一安装杆32上；第二叉杆38，安装在第二安装杆34上。
在该些实施例中，叉架3包括位于车身1两侧的第一安装杆32和第二安装杆34，而第一安装杆32对应安装在多个平行设置的第一伸缩件22上，这样第一安装杆32、多个第一伸缩件22和车身1的第一侧便可连接成一个类平行连杆机构，此时，多个第一伸缩件22可作为平行连杆机构的两侧，从而通过多个第一伸缩件22的伸缩便可带动第一安装杆32倾斜平移，进而可实现第一安装杆32在高度和前后方向上的移动。而第二安装杆34对应安装在多个平行设置的第二伸缩件24上，这样第二安装杆34、多个第二伸缩件24和车身1的第二侧便可连接成另一个类平行连杆机构，此时，多个第二伸缩件24可作为另一类平行连杆机构的两侧，从而通过多个第二伸缩件24的伸缩便可带动第二安装杆34倾斜平移，进而可实现第二安装杆34在高度和前后方向上的移动。该种结构第一安装杆32可实现多个第一伸缩件22的连接，第二安装杆34可实现多个第二伸缩件24之间的连接，这样就使得叉架3本身能够与多个伸缩件2构成一个能够相互连动的机构，即多个伸缩件2、叉架3的第一安装杆32和第二安装杆34以及车身1能够在车身1的两侧形成两个类平行连杆机构，从而通过两侧的类平行连杆机构的同步伸缩便可实现叉架3的上下前后平移，而这种结构可通过多个伸缩件2与两个安装杆之间的相互牵引实现对支架的前后位置和高度位置调节，这样一方面使得产品的整个结构比较简单，便于加工，从而可降低成本，另一方面通过伸缩件2与两个安装杆形成的类平行连杆机构能够使调节组件与叉架3之间的驱动更加精准和牢靠，从而能够降低产品的故障率。而第一叉杆36和第二叉杆38分别与第一安装杆32和第二安装杆34连接，能够在第一安装杆32和第二安装杆34的作用下实现货物的取放，比如可直接将两个叉杆伸入到货物的底部，然后可抬高叉架3，以实现货物的取出，或者降低叉架3实现卸货，即这里第一叉杆36和第二叉杆38具体用于与货物接触，以实现货物的取拿搬运。
其中，如图1、图2和图5所示，第一叉杆36和第二叉杆38均为L形杆或类L形杆，该种结构可通过L形杆或类L形杆的竖边来与安装杆进行连接，而通过L形杆或类L形杆的横边来与货物进行接触，以进行货物的取拿搬运等。
在上述任一实施例中，如图1至图5所示，多个伸缩件2中的任一伸缩件2与车身1之间均能够转动地连接，调节组件还包括：升降件4，与多个伸缩件2连接，能够驱 动多个伸缩件2同步转动。
在该些实施例中，多个伸缩件2均与车身1转动地连接，且升降件4能够带动多个伸缩件2进行同步转动，这样多个伸缩件2便能够在升降件4的作用下沿车身1的前后方向同步平行摆动，从而能够同时带动叉架3沿前后方向和高度方向运动，这样便能够通过叉架3的运动来调整叉架3在车身1前后方向和高度方向上的位置。而该种结构伸缩件2既能够通过伸缩而带动叉架3运动，又能够在升降件4的作用下前后摆动而带动叉架3运动，从而能够增大叉架3在车身1的前后方向上和高度方向上的运动行程，进而能够增大叉架3的高度调节范围和前后调节范围。
其中，多个伸缩件2中的任一伸缩件与车身1之间可通过铰链转动连接。
其中，升降件4为液压缸或电动缸或气缸，即在实际过程中可直接通过液压缸或电动缸或气缸来实现车身1两侧的类平行连杆机构的升降驱动。
在上述任一实施例中，优选地，如图2、图3和图5所示，升降件4包括：第一升降件42，与多个第一伸缩件22连接，用于驱动多个第一伸缩件22转动；第二升降件44，与多个第二伸缩件24连接，用于驱动多个第二伸缩件24转动；其中，第一升降件42位于车身1的第一侧，第二升降件44位于车身1的第二侧。
在该些实施例中，可分别对应车身1两侧的多个第一伸缩件22和多个第二伸缩件24各设置一个升降件4，这样可通过两个独立的升降件4来实现车身1两侧的伸缩件2的驱动。而这种设置两个升降件4对应多个第一伸缩件22和多个第二伸缩件24安装在车身1的两侧，能够实现车身1两侧的类平行连杆机构的升降驱动，这样就使得每个车身1两侧的类平行连杆机构均能够独立驱动。同时，该种结构能够使升降件4与伸缩件2之间安装的更加紧凑，且能够预留出车身1中部的区域，以使车身1的空间利用的更加合理。
在上述另一实施例中，升降件4包括：第三升降件4(图中未示出)，安装在车身1的中部，与多个第一伸缩件22连接和多个第二伸缩件24连接，用于驱动多个第一伸缩件22和多个第二伸缩件24转动。
在该些实施例中，可只在车身1的中部设置第三升降件4，这样能够通过一个升降件4同时实现车身1两侧的伸缩件2的驱动，因而能够使多个伸缩件2的运动更加同步，从而能够增强叉架3运动时的稳定性，此外，这种设置还可减少产品的零部件的数量，提高产品的安装效率。
在上述任一实施例中如图2至图5所示，叉车还包括：稳定组件5，安装在第一安装杆32与第二安装杆34之间，或安装在多个第一伸缩件22和多个第二伸缩件24之间。
在该些实施例中，可在第一安装杆32和第二安装杆34之间设置稳定组件5，或者 在多个第一伸缩件22与多个第二伸缩件24之间设置稳定组件5，这样能够使车身1两侧的类平行连杆机构能够相互连接而形成一个整体，从而使得车身1两侧的类平行连杆机构在各自运动时能够相互牵制，这样就使得车身1两侧的类平行连杆机构能够同步运动，从而可确保叉架3在运动过程中的稳定性，弥补车身1两侧的类平行连杆机构因结构等影响而导致的不能完全同步的缺陷。
在上述任一实施例中，如图2至图5所示，稳定组件5包括第一稳定件52和第二稳定件54，第一稳定件52和第二稳定件54相互平行并间隔地连接在第一安装杆32与第二安装杆34之间，且第一稳定件52位于第二稳定件54的后侧；多个第一伸缩件22包括伸缩件一222和伸缩件二224，伸缩件一222安装在第一稳定件52和第一安装杆32的连接处与车身1之间，伸缩件二224安装在第二稳定件54和第一安装杆32的连接处与车身1之间，或多个第二伸缩件24包括伸缩件三242和伸缩件四244，伸缩件三242安装在第一稳定件52和第二安装杆34的连接处与车身1之间，伸缩件四244安装在第二稳定件54和第二安装杆34的连接处与车身1之间；第一升降件42安装在第一稳定件52和第一安装杆32的连接处与车身1之间，第二升降件44安装在第一稳定件52和第二安装杆34的连接处与车身1之间。
在该些实施例中，可在第一安装杆32和第二安装杆34之间设置两个稳定件，这样便可通过两个稳定件来确保叉架3的稳定性。同时，可在车身1的第一侧设置两个相互平行并倾斜设置的第一伸缩件22，比如伸缩件一222和伸缩件二224，而在车身1的第二侧设置两个相互平行并倾斜设置的第二伸缩件24，比如伸缩件三242和伸缩件四244，这样伸缩件一222、伸缩件二224和第一安装杆32便可与车身1在车身1的第一侧形成一个平行四边形机构，伸缩件三242、伸缩件四244和第二安装杆34便可与车身1在车身1的第二侧形成另一平行四边形机构，这样通过两个平行四边形机构的同步运动便可实现叉架3的前后位置调节和高度位置调节。而为了增强叉架3的稳定性，可在第一安装杆32和第二安装杆34的前端设置一个第二稳定件54，而在第一安装杆32和第二安装杆34的后端设置一个第一稳定件52，而为了能够增强叉架3的高度调节范围和前后调节的距离，可在车身1与第一安装杆32之间或车身1与伸缩件一222之间设置第一升降件42，这样可通过第一升降件42的升降驱动车身1第一侧的平行四边形机构进行升降，并同时在车身1与第二安装杆34之间或车身1与伸缩件三242之间设置第二升降件44，这样可通过第二升降件44的升降驱动车身1第二侧的平行四边形机构进行升降，这样车身1两侧的平行四边形机构便可在伸缩件2自身伸缩的作用下以及第一升降件42和第二升降件44的作用下实现联动，从而便可实现叉架3在高度位置和前后方向上的位置调节。
在上述任一实施例中，如图1至图5所示，第一稳定件52位于第一安装杆32和第二安装杆34的一端部，第二稳定件54位于第一安装杆32和第二安装杆34的另一端部。
在该些实施例中，将第一稳定件52和第二稳定件54安装在第一安装杆32和第二安装杆34的端部，这样能够使第一稳定件52和第二稳定件54在第一安装杆32和第二安装杆34之间分布的比较宽，从而能够直接将安装杆的端部连接起来，这样便能够使叉架3的强度更高，稳定性更好。
在上述任一实施例中，如图2至图5所示，第一稳定件52和第二稳定件54均通过多个分段杆连接形成。当然，在另一实施例中，第一稳定件52和第二稳定件54也可为一体杆。
在该些实施例中，可优选将第一稳定件52和第二稳定件54设置成杆状零件，当然，第一稳定件52和第二稳定件54也可为液压缸、电动缸等零件。而优选地，可将多个分段杆相互对接而形成一个稳定件，这样能够利用较小的短杆而组装成一个较长的杆件，从而可使稳定件的加工更加方便，成本更低。具体地，比如可将第一稳定件52设置成包括第一分段杆522和第二分段杆524的两段杆，将第二稳定件54设置成包括第三分段杆542和第四分段杆544的两段杆。当然，在另一方案中第一稳定件52和第二稳定件54也可为一体杆。
其中，多个分段杆之间通过螺纹连接，这样能够使分段杆之间连接的更加方便可靠。具体地，可将多个分段杆通过一个套筒进行螺纹连接。
进一步优选地，如图5所示，伸缩件一222、第一升降件42、第一稳定件52和第一安装杆32之间通过万向接头6连接，伸缩件二224、第二稳定件54和第一安装杆32之间通过万向接头6连接，伸缩件三242、第二升降件44、第一稳定件52和第二安装杆34之间通过万向接头6连接，伸缩件四244、第二稳定件54和第二安装杆34之间通过万向接头6连接。
在该些实施例中，伸缩件2、安装杆、稳定件和升降件4之间可优选通过万向接头6连接，这样可通过万向接头6(又称万向节)来实现伸缩件2、安装杆、稳定件和升降件4之间的力的传递。而这种连接方式使得叉车两侧的调节组件能够在伸缩件2因误差而不能同步运动时起到一定的约束作用，从而能够促进叉架3两侧的同步运动，同时，万向接头6还能够消除不同步运动带来的扭矩，即该结构还可用于消除伸缩件2安装时可能存在的间隙而造成的叉架3左右晃动。而在另一方案中，也可将伸缩件2、安装杆、稳定件和升降件4之间通过球接头进行连接。
在本申请的一些实施例中，多个第一伸缩件22和多个第二伸缩件24均为液压缸或电动缸，第一升降件42和第二升降件44均为液压缸或电动缸。
在该些实施例中，伸缩件2可为液压缸或电动缸等能够进行自动伸缩的结构，此时伸缩件2可进行自动伸缩，而不需要设置额外的驱动结构。而由于液压缸能承受比较大的推力，因此伸缩件2采用液压缸还能够增强伸缩件2的支撑力度，从而使得叉架3能够搬运较重的物品。同时，由于叉车上空间有限，因此伸缩件2可优选采用多级液压缸。
当然，伸缩件2的类型也不限于液压缸和电动缸，其具体结构可根据实际需要任意设置，比如，伸缩件也可为气缸。
在上述任一实施例中，(该实施例图中没有示意出)调节组件包括：第一调节装置，安装在车身1上，与叉架3连接，能够使叉架3沿叉车的高度方向运动；第二调节装置，安装在车身1上，与叉架3连接，能够驱动叉架3沿叉车的前后方向运动。
在该些实施例中，调节组件包括第一调节装置和第二调节装置，而第一调节装置用于调节叉架3的高度位置，而第二调节装置用于调节叉架3的前后位置，这样便可通过第一调节装置和第二调节装置的双重作用实现叉架3在高度和前后方向的位置调节。而第一调节装置优选为升降装置，而第二调节装置可为伸缩装置等。
在上述任一实施例中，如图1至图5所示，叉车还包括：转盘7，转盘7能够转动地安装在车身1上，叉架3在调节组件的作用下能够将叉架3上的货物放置到转盘7上。
在该些实施例中，在叉架3取货后，可通过调节组件调节叉架3的位置，以使叉架3能够将其上的货物放置到转盘7上，此后，可转动转盘7实现货物在车身1上的旋转，以便能够调节货物在车身1上的放置姿态，比如在货物的长度比较长时，可将物品的长度方向旋转到沿着叉车的前后方向，以确保叉车运输过程的稳定，降低翻车的可能性，这样便能够避免货物在叉车上放置不合理而导致翻车情况的发生。此外，通过将物品的长度方向旋转到沿着叉车的前后方向还能够减少物品在叉车两侧的空间占用，从而能够减小叉车在运输货物时的整体宽度。
在本说明书的描述中，术语“前”、“后”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制；术语“连接”、“安装”、“固定”等均应做广义理解，例如，“连接”可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本说明书的描述中，术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“具体实施例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的 实施例或实例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种叉车，其特征在于，包括：
    车身，所述车身上设置有车轮；
    调节组件，安装在所述车身上；
    叉架，与所述调节组件连接；
    其中，所述调节组件能够驱动所述叉架沿所述叉车的前后方向运动，以及能够驱动所述叉架沿所述叉车的高度方向运动。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的叉车，其特征在于，所述调节组件包括：
    多个伸缩件，能够伸缩地安装在所述车身上，所述叉架安装在多个所述伸缩件远离所述车身的一端上，且多个所述伸缩件相互平行，并能够同步伸缩。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的叉车，其特征在于，
    多个所述伸缩件包括多个第一伸缩件和多个第二伸缩件，所述多个第一伸缩件相互平行并倾斜地安装在所述车身的第一侧，所述多个第二伸缩件相互平行并倾斜地安装在所述车身的第二侧，且所述多个第一伸缩件与所述多个第二伸缩件关于所述车身相互对称；
    所述叉架支撑安装在所述多个第一伸缩件和所述多个第二伸缩件上。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的叉车，其特征在于，所述叉架包括：
    第一安装杆，支撑安装在所述多个第一伸缩件上，与所述车身平行；
    第二安装杆，支撑安装在所述多个第二伸缩件上，与所述第一安装杆平行，并与所述车身平行；
    第一叉杆，安装在所述第一安装杆上；
    第二叉杆，安装在所述第二安装杆上。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的叉车，其特征在于，多个所述伸缩件中的任一所述伸缩件与所述车身之间均能够转动地连接，所述调节组件还包括：
    升降件，与多个所述伸缩件连接，能够驱动多个所述伸缩件同步转动。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的叉车，其特征在于，所述升降件包括：
    第一升降件，与多个所述第一伸缩件连接，用于驱动多个所述第一伸缩件转动；
    第二升降件，与多个所述第二伸缩件连接，用于驱动多个所述第二伸缩件转动；
    其中，所述第一升降件位于所述车身的第一侧，所述第二升降件位于所述车身的第二侧。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的叉车，其特征在于，所述升降件包括：
    第三升降件，安装在所述车身的中部，与多个所述第一伸缩件连接和多个所述第二伸缩件连接，用于驱动多个所述第一伸缩件和多个所述第二伸缩件转动。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的叉车，其特征在于，所述叉车还包括：
    稳定组件，安装在所述第一安装杆与所述第二安装杆之间，或安装在多个所述第一伸缩件和多个所述第二伸缩件之间。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的叉车，其特征在于，
    所述稳定组件包括第一稳定件和第二稳定件，所述第一稳定件和所述第二稳定件相互平行并间隔地连接在所述第一安装杆与所述第二安装杆之间，且所述第一稳定件位于所述第二稳定件的后侧；
    所述多个第一伸缩件包括伸缩件一和伸缩件二，所述伸缩件一安装在所述第一稳定件和所述第一安装杆的连接处与所述车身之间，所述伸缩件二安装在所述第二稳定件和所述第一安装杆的连接处与所述车身之间，或所述多个第二伸缩件包括伸缩件三和伸缩件四，所述伸缩件三安装在所述第一稳定件和所述第二安装杆的连接处与所述车身之间，所述伸缩件四安装在所述第二稳定件和所述第二安装杆的连接处与所述车身之间；
    所述第一升降件安装在所述第一稳定件和所述第一安装杆的连接处与所述车身之间，所述第二升降件安装在所述第一稳定件和所述第二安装杆的连接处与所述车身之间。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的叉车，其特征在于，
    所述第一稳定件位于所述第一安装杆和所述第二安装杆的一端部，所述第二稳定件位于所述第一安装杆和所述第二安装杆的另一端部；和/或
    所述第一稳定件和所述第二稳定件均通过多个分段杆连接形成，或所述第一稳定件和所述第二稳定件均为一体杆；和/或
    所述伸缩件一、所述第一升降件、所述第一稳定件和所述第一安装杆之间通过万向接头或通过球接头连接，所述伸缩件二、所述第二稳定件和所述第一安装杆之间通过万向接头或通过球接头连接，所述伸缩件三、所述第二升降件、所述第一稳定件和所述第二安装杆之间通过万向接头或通过球接头连接，所述伸缩件四、所述第二稳定件和所述第二安装杆之间通过万向接头或通过球接头连接；和/或
    多个所述第一伸缩件和多个所述第二伸缩件均为液压缸或电动缸，所述第一升降件和所述第二升降件均为液压缸或电动缸。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的叉车，其特征在于，所述调节组件包括：
    第一调节装置，安装在所述车身上，与所述叉架连接，能够使所述叉架沿所述叉车的高度方向运动；
    第二调节装置，安装在所述车身上，与所述叉架连接，能够驱动所述叉架沿所述叉车的前后方向运动。
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