WO2020181638A1 - 种植导板固定组件及其使用方法 - Google Patents

种植导板固定组件及其使用方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020181638A1
WO2020181638A1 PCT/CN2019/085672 CN2019085672W WO2020181638A1 WO 2020181638 A1 WO2020181638 A1 WO 2020181638A1 CN 2019085672 W CN2019085672 W CN 2019085672W WO 2020181638 A1 WO2020181638 A1 WO 2020181638A1
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Prior art keywords
nail
patient
oral
anchor
fixing assembly
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PCT/CN2019/085672
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王利峰
刘洪澎
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雅客智慧（北京）科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2020181638A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020181638A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools

Definitions

  • This application relates to the technical field of medical devices, and in particular to a planting guide fixing assembly and a method of use thereof.
  • a planting guide plate fixing assembly which includes an anchor nail and a nail seat.
  • the outer wall of the first end of the anchor nail is provided with an external thread, and the second end is provided with an external thread.
  • the driving position matched with the installation tool; the first end of the nail holder is detachably connected with the second end of the anchor nail, and the second end of the nail holder has a tapered structure and is configured to be connected to the implant guide The card slot is clicked.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the second end of the anchor nail is a polygon
  • the driving position is a polygonal prism structure on the anchor nail.
  • the end surface of the second end of the anchor nail is provided with a first threaded hole
  • the nail seat is longitudinally penetrated with a stepped hole
  • the screw of the screw passes through the stepped hole and the first threaded hole.
  • a threaded hole is screwed and connected, and the head of the screw abuts on the step surface of the stepped hole.
  • the end surface of the second end of the anchor nail has a tapered protrusion protruding outward, and the first threaded hole penetrates the tapered protrusion longitudinally; the nail seat is provided with the step hole A coaxial ring groove is connected with the small ends of the two sides to form a positioning groove configured to insert the tapered protrusion.
  • the driving position is a mounting hole opened on the second end surface of the anchor nail, and the mounting hole is configured to be connected with an internal angle wrench.
  • the outer wall of the second end of the anchor nail is provided with an external thread
  • the end surface of the first end of the nail holder is provided with a second threaded hole configured to be threadedly connected with the second end of the anchor nail .
  • it also includes a nail holder cover with a regular geometric shape, and the nail holder cover is detachably arranged on the nail holder.
  • this application provides a method of using the above-mentioned planting guide fixing assembly, which includes the following steps:
  • determining the position of the anchor nail in the patient's oral jaw includes the following steps:
  • the following steps are included: embedding multiple X-ray blocking markers on the surface of the temporary denture; placing the temporary denture on the patient In the oral cavity, and use the oral CBCT scan to scan the patient's oral cavity to obtain the first set of CBCT data;
  • the following steps are included: setting the nail holder cover on the On the nail seat; scan the patient's oral cavity with an oral scanner to obtain the curved surface data of the temporary denture;
  • the curved surface data of the temporary denture and the first set of CBCT data are registered to obtain the position of the anchor nail in the patient's oral jaw.
  • the first set of CBCT data and the second set of CBCT data are registered according to the X-ray blocking marker points corresponding to the first set of CBCT data and the second set of CBCT data to obtain a patient
  • a guide hole is opened on the implant guide plate according to the position of the implant.
  • the present application has simple structure and convenient operation.
  • the first end of the anchor nail is screwed into the patient’s oral jaw bone with an installation tool; next, the first end of the nail holder is connected to the second end of the anchor nail. And make the nail base expose the patient’s oral jaw; then determine the position of the anchor nail in the patient’s oral jaw; then, according to the position of the anchor nail in the patient’s oral jaw, open a slot on the implant guide; finally, implant
  • the card slot of the guide plate is clamped into the second end of the nail seat, that is, the tapered structure can firmly fix the implant guide plate in the patient's mouth, thereby avoiding the deviation of the implant guide plate during the subsequent implantation process, and ensuring the implantation. Accuracy.
  • the axis of the anchor screw after the jaw bone screwed into the patient's mouth is likely to be inclined relative to the vertical plane.
  • the second end of the nail holder by setting the second end of the nail holder in a tapered structure, it can be ensured that even if the axis of the anchor nail is inclined relative to the vertical surface, the second end of the nail holder can be smoothly inserted into the planting guide plate without contacting the planting guide. The card slot on the guide plate interferes.
  • Fig. 1 is an exploded schematic diagram of a planting guide fixing assembly in Embodiment 1 of the present application;
  • Example 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the anchor nail in Example 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the nail holder in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the nail seat cover in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the position of X-ray blocking markers arranged on the temporary denture in Example 3 of the present application.
  • Anchor nail 1-1. The first end of the anchor nail; 1-2. Polyprism structure;
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected or connected by The intermediary is indirectly connected.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected or connected by The intermediary is indirectly connected.
  • this embodiment provides a planting guide plate fixing assembly, which includes an anchor nail 1 and a nail seat 2.
  • the outer wall of the first end 1-1 of the anchor nail is provided with external threads, The second end is provided with a driving position configured to cooperate with the installation tool; the first end of the nail holder 2 and the second end of the anchor nail 1 are detachably connected, and the second end of the nail holder 2 has a tapered structure and is configured It is connected to the card slot on the planting guide plate.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the second end of the anchor nail 1 is polygonal, and the driving position is the polygonal prism structure 1-2 on the anchor nail 1.
  • the medical staff can drive the anchor nail 1 to rotate only by clamping the polyprismatic structure 1-2 on the anchor nail 1 with a wrench or hand pliers, and then the anchor nail 1 can be easily screwed in The patient's oral jaw.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the second end of the anchor nail 1 can be, but is not limited to, a triangle, a quadrilateral, a hexagon or an octagon.
  • the assembly also includes a screw, the end surface of the second end of the anchor nail 1 is provided with a first threaded hole 1-3, the nail seat 2 is longitudinally penetrated with a stepped hole 2-1, and the screw rod 3-1 of the screw passes through
  • the stepped hole 2-1 is threadedly connected with the first threaded hole 1-3, and the head 3-2 of the screw abuts on the stepped surface 2-1-1 of the stepped hole 2-1.
  • the medical staff can first align the small end of the stepped hole 2-1 of the nail holder 2 with the first threaded hole 1-3, and then pass the stepped hole 2
  • the large end of -1 continuously screw the screw 3-1 of the screw into the first threaded hole 1-3 until the head 3-2 of the screw abuts on the stepped surface of the stepped hole 2-1.
  • the nail holder 2 is firmly fixed on the second end of the anchor nail 1.
  • the stepped hole 2-1 of the nail holder 2 it is difficult for the stepped hole 2-1 of the nail holder 2 to quickly align with the first threaded hole 1-3 of the anchor nail 1, so in order to realize the stepped hole 2-1 and the first threaded hole 1-3
  • the threaded holes 1-3 are quickly aligned, the end surface of the second end of the anchor nail 1 has an outwardly convex tapered protrusion 1-4, and the first threaded hole 1-3 penetrates the tapered protrusion 1-4 longitudinally;
  • the seat 2 is provided with a ring groove communicating with the small end of the stepped hole 2-1 and coaxial to form a positioning groove 2-2 configured to insert a tapered protrusion 1-4. Therefore, the medical staff only needs to insert the positioning groove 2-2 of the nail holder 2 into the tapered protrusion 1-4 of the anchor nail 1 to ensure that the stepped hole 2-1 is coaxial with the first threaded hole 1-3.
  • the installation position of the anchor nail 1 on the patient’s oral jaw is not determined in advance, that is to say, the installation position of the anchor nail 1 on the patient’s oral jaw is random, and the subsequent implant guide
  • the design is that the opening of the slot on the implant guide depends on the position of the anchor nail 1.
  • the anchor nail 1 and the nail holder 2 are usually made of metal, large artifacts will be generated when the patient is scanned by oral CBCT. Therefore, in order to avoid the artifacts from affecting subsequent operations, this embodiment uses "oral scanner + image The “registration” method replaces the oral CBCT scanning method. In order to facilitate the scanning and imaging of the oral scanner, as shown in Fig.
  • the assembly also includes a nail holder cover 4 with a regular geometric shape.
  • the nail holder cover 4 is detachably arranged in Nail base 2. Therefore, the nail holder cover 4 can be set on the nail holder 2 before the medical staff scans the patient's mouth with the oral scanner, and the nail holder cover 4 can be removed directly after the scanning is completed.
  • the material of the nail holder cover 4 may be non-metal, such as resin; the shape of the nail holder cover 4 may be a regular shape such as a cylinder or a rectangular parallelepiped.
  • the structure and principle of the planting guide plate fixing assembly in this embodiment are the same as those in Embodiment 1, and will not be repeated in this embodiment.
  • the driving position is a mounting hole opened on the second end surface of the anchor nail 1, and the mounting hole is configured to be connected with an internal angle wrench.
  • the medical staff only need to insert the inner angle wrench into the mounting hole of the anchor nail 1.
  • the anchor nail 1 can be driven to rotate, and then the anchor nail 1 can be easily screwed in The patient's oral jaw.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the mounting hole can be, but not limited to, a triangle, a quadrilateral, a hexagon, or an octagon.
  • the outer wall of the second end of the anchor nail 1 is provided with external threads, and the end surface of the first end of the nail holder 2 is provided with a second threaded hole configured to be threadedly connected with the second end of the anchor nail 1.
  • the second end of the anchor nail 1 needs to expose the jawbone of the patient’s mouth; when installing the nail holder 2, the medical staff Rotate the nail holder 2 directly, and screw the second end of the anchor nail 1 into the second threaded hole of the nail holder 2.
  • This embodiment provides a method for using the aforementioned planting guide fixing assembly, and the method includes the following steps:
  • a number of X-ray blocking markers 6 are embedded on the surface of the temporary denture 5; the purpose of this setting is to: For patients with more tooth loss, especially for edentulous patients with missing dentition, if To determine the position of the implant, the patient must first try on the temporary denture 5 to determine the occlusal relationship between the upper and lower teeth, the aesthetic effect, and the comfort of use.
  • the temporary denture 5 is usually made of silicone rubber or resin, when the patient wears the temporary denture 5 for oral CBCT scanning, the image gray value of the temporary denture 5 is very close to the image gray value of the human soft tissue, and it is difficult to distinguish the two.
  • the X-ray blocking mark 6 has a high gray value in the oral CBCT image, that is to say, the gray value of the X-ray blocking mark 6 is very different from the gray value of the temporary denture 5 and human tissue. Therefore, in order to obtain a clear and accurate soft tissue contour during oral CBCT scanning, it is necessary to embed multiple X-ray blocking markers 6 on the surface of the temporary denture 5.
  • the first set of CBCT data and the second set of CBCT data are registered according to the corresponding X-ray blocking points 6 on the first set of CBCT data and the second set of CBCT data to obtain the soft tissue contour of the patient's mouth and the temporary denture 5 contour;
  • the medical staff can determine the position of the implant according to the contour of the soft tissue and the contour of the temporary denture 5; thus, the medical staff can open a guide hole on the implant guide plate according to the position of the implant.
  • the installation tool to screw the first end 1-1 of the anchor nail into the patient’s oral jaw, specifically: when the driving position set at the second end of the anchor nail 1 is a polygonal prism structure 1-2, the medical staff only It is necessary to clamp the polygonal structure 1-2 on the anchor nail 1 with a wrench or hand pliers to drive the anchor nail 1 to rotate, and then the anchor nail 1 can be easily screwed into the patient’s oral jaw;
  • the driving position of the second end of the anti-nail 1 is configured as a mounting hole that fits with the inner angle wrench
  • the medical staff only needs to insert the inner angle wrench into the mounting hole of the anchor nail 1, and the anchor can be driven by rotating the inner angle wrench.
  • the nail 1 is rotated so that the anchor nail 1 can be easily screwed into the patient's oral jaw.
  • the nail holder cover 4 on the nail holder 2. Because the material of the anchor nail 1 and the nail holder 2 is usually metal, large artifacts will be generated when the patient is scanned by oral CBCT, so in order to avoid the artifacts from affecting the subsequent operations
  • the “oral scanner + image registration” method is used instead of the oral CBCT scanning method.
  • the nail holder 2 can be covered on the nail holder 2 before the oral scanner is used to scan the patient’s mouth Cover 4.
  • the curved surface data of the temporary denture 5 is registered with the first set of CBCT data to obtain the position of the anchor nail 1 in the patient's oral jaw.
  • the first set of CBCT data is that the implant guide is not installed in the patient's oral cavity for fixation
  • the surface data of the temporary denture 5 is the data obtained after installing the implant guide fixing component.
  • the two sets of data can be registered to convert the nail seat cover 4 into the CT space. Furthermore, according to the positional relationship between the nail seat cover 4 and the anchor nail 1, the position of the anchor nail 1 in the patient's oral jaw can be determined.
  • the implant guide is firmly fixed in the patient's mouth under the restriction of the nail seat 2, thereby avoiding the deviation of the implant guide during the subsequent implanting process, and ensuring the accuracy of the implant.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Dental Prosthetics (AREA)

Abstract

一种种植导板固定组件及其使用方法，固定组件包括支抗钉（1）和钉座（2），支抗钉（1）的第一端（1-1）的外壁设有外螺纹、第二端设有被配置为与安装工具配合的驱动位（1-2）；钉座（2）的第一端与支抗钉（1）的第二端可拆卸连接，钉座（2）的第二端为锥形结构、被配置为与种植导板上的卡槽卡接。通过使用固定组件就可将种植导板牢牢固定在患者口腔内，避免了后续种牙过程中种植导板发生偏移、保证了种牙的精度。

Description

种植导板固定组件及其使用方法
交叉引用
本申请引用于2019年03月08日提交的专利名称为“种植导板固定组件及其使用方法”的第2019101768001号中国专利申请，其通过引用被全部并入本申请。
技术领域
本申请涉及医疗器械技术领域，尤其涉及一种种植导板固定组件及其使用方法。
背景技术
随着人们对口腔健康的日益重视以及口腔种植技术在临床中的广泛推广，越来越多的患者开始选择对缺失牙进行种植修复治疗。
由于口腔具有非直视、空间狭小等特点，而口腔种植手术需要在局部麻醉的条件下在口腔内进行一系列精密操作，因此口腔种植手术的并发症较高。目前，随着计算机技术的发展，手术导航以其精准、灵活、微创等优点给外科手术带来了革命性的变化，引领现代医学从“直觉医疗”走向“精准医疗”，国内外已经开展了口腔种植导航的相关工作与研究，但是已有的口腔种植导航手术还存在以下问题：对于牙齿缺失较多的患者，特别是牙列缺失的无牙颌患者，手术过程中种植导板主要依靠黏膜固定，而黏膜具有一定弹性，因此种植导板容易发生偏移、进而影响最终的种牙精度。
发明内容
本申请要解决的是口腔种植手术中种植导板无法牢固固定、容易发生偏移，进而影响最终的种牙精度的技术问题。
为解决上述问题，本申请提供了一种种植导板固定组件，该组件包括支抗钉和钉座，所述支抗钉的第一端的外壁设有外螺纹、第二端设有被配置为与安装工具配合的驱动位；所述钉座的第一端与所述支抗钉的第二端可拆卸连接，所述钉座的第二端为锥形结构、被配置为与种植导板上的卡 槽卡接。
其中，所述支抗钉的第二端的横截面形状为多边形，所述驱动位为所述支抗钉上的多棱柱结构。
其中，还包括螺钉，所述支抗钉的第二端的端面设有第一螺纹孔，所述钉座上纵向贯穿开设有阶梯孔，所述螺钉的螺杆穿过所述阶梯孔与所述第一螺纹孔螺纹配合连接，所述螺钉的头部抵设于所述阶梯孔的台阶面。
其中，所述支抗钉的第二端的端面具有向外凸起的锥形凸起，所述第一螺纹孔纵向贯穿所述锥形凸起；所述钉座内设有与所述阶梯孔的小端连通且同轴的环槽、以形成被配置为插设所述锥形凸起的定位槽。
其中，所述驱动位为开设在所述支抗钉的第二端端面的安装孔，所述安装孔被配置为与内角扳手配合连接。
其中，所述支抗钉的第二端的外壁设有外螺纹，所述钉座的第一端的端面开设有被配置为与所述支抗钉的第二端螺纹配合连接的第二螺纹孔。
其中，还包括具有规则几何形状的钉座罩，所述钉座罩可拆卸的罩设在所述钉座上。
为解决上述问题，本申请提供了一种上述所述的种植导板固定组件的使用方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
利用安装工具将所述支抗钉的第一端拧入患者的口腔颌骨；
将所述钉座的第一端连接至所述支抗钉的第二端，并使所述钉座露出患者的口腔颌骨；
确定所述支抗钉在患者口腔颌骨中位置；
根据所述支抗钉在患者口腔颌骨中位置在所述种植导板上开设卡槽；
将所述种植导板的卡槽卡入所述钉座的第二端。
其中，所述确定所述支抗钉在患者口腔颌骨中位置，具体包括以下步骤：
在利用安装工具将所述支抗钉的第一端拧入患者的口腔颌骨之前包括以下步骤：在临时义齿的表面埋放多个X线阻射标记点；将所述临时义齿放置在患者口腔内，并利用口腔CBCT扫描对患者的口腔进行扫描、以获取第一组CBCT数据；
在将所述钉座的第一端连接至所述支抗钉的第二端，并使所述钉座露 出患者的口腔颌骨之后包括以下步骤：将所述钉座罩罩设在所述钉座上；利用口腔扫描仪对患者的口腔进行扫描、以获取所述临时义齿的曲面数据；
对所述临时义齿的曲面数据与所述第一组CBCT数据进行配准、以获得所述支抗钉在患者口腔颌骨中位置。
其中，在临时义齿的表面埋放多个X线阻射标记点之后还包括以下步骤：
利用口腔CBCT对所述临时义齿进行扫描、以获取第二组CBCT数据；
根据所述第一组CBCT数据和所述第二组CBCT数据上对应的所述X线阻射标记点对所述第一组CBCT数据和所述第二组CBCT数据进行配准、以获得患者口腔的软组织轮廓和所述临时义齿的轮廓；
根据所述软组织轮廓和所述临时义齿的轮廓确定种植体的位置；
根据所述种植体的位置在所述种植导板上开设导向孔。
本申请结构简单、操作便捷，手术时首先利用安装工具将支抗钉的第一端拧入患者的口腔颌骨；接下来，将钉座的第一端连接至支抗钉的第二端，并使钉座露出患者的口腔颌骨；然后确定支抗钉在患者口腔颌骨中位置；紧接着，根据支抗钉在患者口腔颌骨中位置在种植导板上开设卡槽；最后，将种植导板的卡槽卡入钉座的第二端即锥形结构就可将种植导板牢牢固定在患者口腔内，进而也就避免了后续种牙过程中种植导板发生偏移，保证了种牙的精度。另外，由于患者口腔的颌骨为曲面，因此支抗钉旋入患者口腔的颌骨后支抗钉的轴线很可能相对竖直面倾斜。而本申请通过将钉座的第二端设置为锥形结构，就可保证即使支抗钉的轴线相对竖直面倾斜，钉座的第二端也能顺利插入种植导板，而不会与种植导板上的卡槽发生干涉。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请实施例1中的一种种植导板固定组件的爆炸示意图；
图2是本申请实施例1中支抗钉的结构示意图；
图3是本申请实施例1中钉座的结构示意图；
图4是本申请实施例1中钉座套的结构示意图；
图5是本申请实施例3中X线阻射标记点在临时义齿上布置位置示意图。
附图标记：
1、支抗钉；1-1、支抗钉的第一端；1-2、多棱柱结构；
1-3、第一螺纹孔；1-4、锥形凸起；2、钉座；2-1、阶梯孔；
2-1-1、台阶面；2-2、定位槽；3-1、螺杆；3-2、螺钉的头部；
4、钉座罩；5、临时义齿；6、X线阻射标记点。
具体实施方式
为使发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合发明中的附图，对发明中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于发明保护的范围。
在本申请的描述中，除非另有说明，术语“上”、“下”、“顶”、“底”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在发明中的具体含义。
实施例1
结合图1至图3所示，本实施例提供了一种种植导板固定组件，该组件包括支抗钉1和钉座2，支抗钉的第一端1-1的外壁设有外螺纹、第二端设有被配置为与安装工具配合的驱动位；钉座2的第一端与支抗钉1的第二端可拆卸连接，钉座2的第二端为锥形结构、被配置为与种植导板上 的卡槽卡接。
手术时：首先利用安装工具将支抗钉的第一端1-1拧入患者的口腔颌骨；接下来，将钉座2的第一端连接至支抗钉1的第二端，并使钉座2露出患者的口腔颌骨；然后确定支抗钉1在患者口腔颌骨中位置；紧接着，根据支抗钉1在患者口腔颌骨中位置在种植导板上开设卡槽；最后，将种植导板的卡槽卡入钉座2的第二端即锥形结构，由此就可将种植导板牢牢固定在患者口腔内。
可选地，支抗钉1的第二端的横截面形状为多边形，驱动位为支抗钉1上的多棱柱结构1-2。安装支抗钉1时，医务人员只需通过扳手或手钳夹持支抗钉1上的多棱柱结构1-2就可驱动支抗钉1转动，进而就可轻松将支抗钉1旋入患者的口腔颌骨。其中，支抗钉1的第二端的横截面形状可以但不限于是三边形、四边形、六边形或八边形。
进一步地，该组件还包括螺钉，支抗钉1的第二端的端面设有第一螺纹孔1-3，钉座2上纵向贯穿开设有阶梯孔2-1，螺钉的螺杆3-1穿过阶梯孔2-1与第一螺纹孔1-3螺纹配合连接，螺钉的头部3-2抵设于阶梯孔2-1的台阶面2-1-1。由此，将支抗钉1拧入患者口腔的颌骨后，医务人员可先将钉座2的阶梯孔2-1的小端对准第一螺纹孔1-3，然后再通过阶梯孔2-1的大端将螺钉的螺杆3-1不断旋入第一螺纹孔1-3，直至螺钉的头部3-2抵设在阶梯孔2-1的阶梯面上。此时，钉座2便被牢牢固定在支抗钉1的第二端上。
进一步地，考虑到口腔内部空间狭小、视线受阻，钉座2的阶梯孔2-1难以快速与支抗钉1的第一螺纹孔1-3对齐，所以为了实现阶梯孔2-1与第一螺纹孔1-3的快速对齐，支抗钉1的第二端的端面具有向外凸起的锥形凸起1-4，第一螺纹孔1-3纵向贯穿锥形凸起1-4；钉座2内设有与阶梯孔2-1的小端连通且同轴的环槽、以形成被配置为插设锥形凸起1-4的定位槽2-2。由此，医务人员只需将钉座2的定位槽2-2卡入支抗钉1的锥形凸起1-4就可保证阶梯孔2-1与第一螺纹孔1-3同轴。
另外，由于实际操作时支抗钉1在患者口腔颌骨上的安装位置不是事先确定的，也就是说，支抗钉1在患者口腔颌骨上的安装位置是随机的，而后续种植导板的设计即种植导板上卡槽开设需要依赖支抗钉1的位置。 但是，由于支抗钉1和钉座2的材质通常为金属，采用口腔CBCT扫描患者时会产生较大的伪影，因此为了避免伪影影响后续操作，本实施例采用“口腔扫描仪+图像配准”的方式替代口腔CBCT扫描方式，而为了便于口腔扫描仪扫描成像，如图4所示，该组件还包括具有规则几何形状的钉座罩4，钉座罩4可拆卸的罩设在钉座2上。由此，在医务人员利用口腔扫描仪扫描患者口腔前就可将钉座罩4罩设在钉座2上，扫描完成后直接拆下钉座罩4即可。其中，钉座罩4的材质可以为非金属，例如树脂；钉座罩4的形状可以为圆柱、长方体等规则形状。
实施例2
本实施例中的种植导板固定组件的结构与原理与实施例1相同，本实施例不再赘述。
不同之处在于，本实施例中驱动位为开设在支抗钉1的第二端端面的安装孔，安装孔被配置为与内角扳手配合连接。安装支抗钉1时，医务人员只需将内角扳手插设在支抗钉1的安装孔中，通过转动内角扳手就可带动支抗钉1旋转，进而就能轻松将支抗钉1旋入患者的口腔颌骨。其中，安装孔的横截面形状可以但不限于是三边形、四边形、六边形或八边形。
进一步地，支抗钉1的第二端的外壁设有外螺纹，钉座2的第一端的端面开设有被配置为与支抗钉1的第二端螺纹配合连接的第二螺纹孔。在本实施例中，将支抗钉的第一端1-1拧入患者口腔的颌骨后，支抗钉1的第二端需露出患者口腔的颌骨；安装钉座2时，医务人员直接旋转钉座2，将支抗钉1的第二端旋入钉座2的第二螺纹孔即可。
实施例3
本实施例提供了一种上述所述的种植导板固定组件的使用方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
如图5所示，在临时义齿5的表面埋放多个X线阻射标记点6；这样设置的目的在于：对于牙齿缺失较多的患者，特别是牙列缺失的无牙颌患者，若要确定种植体的位置则必须先让患者试戴临时义齿5以确定上下牙咬合关系、美学效果及使用舒适度等因素。但是，由于临时义齿5通常由硅橡胶或树脂制成，患者佩戴临时义齿5进行口腔CBCT扫描时，临时义齿5的图像灰度值与人体软组织的图像灰度值很接近，两者难以区分，而 X线阻射标记点6在口腔CBCT图像中的灰度值很高，也就是说，X线阻射标记点6的图像灰度值与临时义齿5和人体组织的图像灰度值差异大，因此为了在口腔CBCT扫描时获得清晰精确的软组织轮廓需在临时义齿5的表面埋放多个X线阻射标记点6。
将临时义齿5放置在患者口腔内，并利用口腔CBCT扫描对患者的口腔进行扫描、以获取第一组CBCT数据；
利用口腔CBCT对临时义齿5单独进行扫描、以获取第二组CBCT数据；
根据第一组CBCT数据和第二组CBCT数据上对应的X线阻射标记点6对第一组CBCT数据和第二组CBCT数据进行配准、以获得患者口腔的软组织轮廓和临时义齿5的轮廓；
医务人员根据软组织轮廓和临时义齿5的轮廓就可确定种植体的位置；由此，医务人员便可根据种植体的位置在种植导板上开设导向孔。
利用安装工具将支抗钉的第一端1-1拧入患者的口腔颌骨，具体地：当设置在支抗钉1的第二端的驱动位为多棱柱结构1-2时，医务人员只需通过扳手或手钳夹持支抗钉1上的多棱柱结构1-2就可驱动支抗钉1转动，进而就可轻松将支抗钉1旋入患者的口腔颌骨；当设置在支抗钉1的第二端的驱动位为被配置为与内角扳手配合的安装孔时，医务人员只需将内角扳手插设在支抗钉1的安装孔中，通过转动内角扳手就可带动支抗钉1旋转，进而就可轻松将支抗钉1旋入患者的口腔颌骨。
将钉座2的第一端连接至支抗钉1的第二端，并使钉座2露出患者的口腔颌骨；
将钉座罩4罩设在钉座2上；由于支抗钉1和钉座2的材质通常为金属，采用口腔CBCT扫描患者时会产生较大的伪影，因此为了避免伪影影响后续操作，本实施例采用“口腔扫描仪+图像配准”的方式替代口腔CBCT扫描方式，而为了便于口腔扫描仪扫描成像，在利用口腔扫描仪扫描患者口腔之前可在钉座2上罩设钉座罩4。
利用口腔扫描仪对患者的口腔进行扫描、以获取临时义齿5的曲面数据；
对临时义齿5的曲面数据与第一组CBCT数据进行配准、以获得支抗 钉1在患者口腔颌骨中位置，具体地：由于第一组CBCT数据是患者口腔内未安装该种植导板固定组件时获得的数据，而临时义齿5的曲面数据是安装该种植导板固定组件后获得的数据，本实施例通过将这两组数据进行配准就可将钉座罩4转换到CT空间中，进而再根据钉座罩4与支抗钉1的位置关系就可确定出支抗钉1在患者口腔颌骨中位置。
根据支抗钉1在患者口腔颌骨中位置在种植导板上开设卡槽；
将种植导板的卡槽卡入钉座2的第二端。由此，在钉座2的约束下种植导板就被牢牢固定在患者口腔内，进而也就避免了后续种牙过程中种植导板发生偏移，保证了种牙的精度。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种种植导板固定组件，其特征在于，包括支抗钉和钉座，所述支抗钉的第一端的外壁设有外螺纹、第二端设有被配置为与安装工具配合的驱动位；所述钉座的第一端与所述支抗钉的第二端可拆卸连接，所述钉座的第二端为锥形结构、被配置为与种植导板上的卡槽卡接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的种植导板固定组件，其特征在于，所述支抗钉的第二端的横截面形状为多边形，所述驱动位为所述支抗钉上的多棱柱结构。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的种植导板固定组件，其特征在于，还包括螺钉，所述支抗钉的第二端的端面设有第一螺纹孔，所述钉座上纵向贯穿开设有阶梯孔，所述螺钉的螺杆穿过所述阶梯孔与所述第一螺纹孔螺纹配合连接，所述螺钉的头部抵设于所述阶梯孔的台阶面。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的种植导板固定组件，其特征在于，所述支抗钉的第二端的端面具有向外凸起的锥形凸起，所述第一螺纹孔纵向贯穿所述锥形凸起；所述钉座内设有与所述阶梯孔的小端连通且同轴的环槽、以形成被配置为插设所述锥形凸起的定位槽。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的种植导板固定组件，其特征在于，所述驱动位为开设在所述支抗钉的第二端端面的安装孔，所述安装孔被配置为与内角扳手配合连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的种植导板固定组件，其特征在于，所述支抗钉的第二端的外壁设有外螺纹，所述钉座的第一端的端面开设有被配置为与所述支抗钉的第二端螺纹配合连接的第二螺纹孔。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的种植导板固定组件，其特征在于，还包括具有规则几何形状的钉座罩，所述钉座罩可拆卸的罩设在所述钉座上。
  8. 一种根据权利要求1至7任一项所述的种植导板固定组件的使用方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    利用安装工具将所述支抗钉的第一端拧入患者的口腔颌骨；
    将所述钉座的第一端连接至所述支抗钉的第二端，并使所述钉座露出患者的口腔颌骨；
    确定所述支抗钉在患者口腔颌骨中位置；
    根据所述支抗钉在患者口腔颌骨中位置在所述种植导板上开设卡槽；
    将所述种植导板的卡槽卡入所述钉座的第二端。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的种植导板固定组件的使用方法，其特征在于，所述确定所述支抗钉在患者口腔颌骨中位置，具体包括以下步骤：
    在利用安装工具将所述支抗钉的第一端拧入患者的口腔颌骨之前包括以下步骤：在临时义齿的表面埋放多个X线阻射标记点；将所述临时义齿放置在患者口腔内，并利用口腔CBCT扫描对患者的口腔进行扫描、以获取第一组CBCT数据；
    在将所述钉座的第一端连接至所述支抗钉的第二端，并使所述钉座露出患者的口腔颌骨之后包括以下步骤：将所述钉座罩罩设在所述钉座上；利用口腔扫描仪对患者的口腔进行扫描、以获取所述临时义齿的曲面数据；对所述临时义齿的曲面数据与所述第一组CBCT数据进行配准、以获得所述支抗钉在患者口腔颌骨中位置。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的种植导板固定组件的使用方法，其特征在于，在临时义齿的表面埋放多个X线阻射标记点之后还包括以下步骤：
    利用口腔CBCT对所述临时义齿进行扫描、以获取第二组CBCT数据；
    根据所述第一组CBCT数据和所述第二组CBCT数据上对应的所述X线阻射标记点对所述第一组CBCT数据和所述第二组CBCT数据进行配准、以获得患者口腔的软组织轮廓和所述临时义齿的轮廓；
    根据所述软组织轮廓和所述临时义齿的轮廓确定种植体的位置；
    根据所述种植体的位置在所述种植导板上开设导向孔。
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