WO2020177650A1 - 一种分断装置及逆变器系统 - Google Patents

一种分断装置及逆变器系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020177650A1
WO2020177650A1 PCT/CN2020/077346 CN2020077346W WO2020177650A1 WO 2020177650 A1 WO2020177650 A1 WO 2020177650A1 CN 2020077346 W CN2020077346 W CN 2020077346W WO 2020177650 A1 WO2020177650 A1 WO 2020177650A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
unit
controllable switch
switch unit
input terminal
branch
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/077346
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王勋
曹震
高拥兵
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to CN202080015705.4A priority Critical patent/CN113875111B/zh
Priority to EP20767024.1A priority patent/EP3923433B1/en
Publication of WO2020177650A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020177650A1/zh
Priority to US17/446,492 priority patent/US11979019B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/122—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/122—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters
    • H02H7/1225—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters responsive to internal faults, e.g. shoot-through
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H02H3/06—Details with automatic reconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/1213—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for DC-DC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/02—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of power electronics technology, and in particular to a breaking device and an inverter system.
  • large-scale photovoltaic power plants generally connect inverters in series through photovoltaic modules.
  • the inverter converts the direct current output by the photovoltaic modules into alternating current, and then transmits it to the grid.
  • the DC voltage output by photovoltaic modules is as high as several hundred volts or even thousands of volts.
  • an existing breaking device may be as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the breaking device is applied to an inverter system, and the inverter system includes a photovoltaic string composed of multiple photovoltaic panels, a breaking device and an inverter (equivalent to a protected circuit).
  • the inverter includes a DC/DC conversion unit and a DC/AC conversion unit.
  • the breaking device includes a fuse and a relay connected in parallel.
  • the controller controls the relay to close, and the output current of the photovoltaic string is shunted according to the proportional relationship between the internal resistance of the relay and the fuse; when the DC/DC conversion unit fails, the controller controls the relay When disconnected, all the output current of the photovoltaic string flows through the fuse, and the fuse is passively blown, thereby realizing the disconnection of the DC/DC conversion unit and the photovoltaic string.
  • the breaking device shown in Figure 1 has the following problems in practical applications: During normal operation, the output current of the photovoltaic string is shunted according to the proportional relationship between the internal resistance of the relay and the fuse, so a considerable part of the current flows through the fuse. This causes the fuse to heat up, shortens the service life of the fuse, and affects the reliability of the breaking device.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a breaking device and an inverter system, which are used to cut off electrical connections when a protected circuit fails.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a disconnecting device, which is connected in series in a protected circuit and is used to cut off the electrical connection when the protected circuit fails;
  • the disconnecting device includes: a first branch, including a series connection
  • the overcurrent can automatically break the unit and the first current limiting unit, the overcurrent can automatically break the unit is used to automatically disconnect when the current flowing through exceeds the breaking current threshold, the first current limiting unit is used to limit the current on the first branch
  • the second branch connected in parallel with the first branch includes the first controllable switch unit, and the control end of the first controllable switch unit is connected to the controller for disconnecting or sucking under the control of the controller Close;
  • the controller is connected to the control end of the first controllable switch unit and the protected circuit, and is used to control the first controllable switch unit to pull in when the protected circuit is working normally, and to control when the protected circuit fails
  • the first controllable switch unit is turned off.
  • the controller controls the first controllable switch unit to pull in when the protected circuit is working normally.
  • the first branch and the second branch are divided, because the first current limiting unit can Play a current limiting role, so the value of the current flowing through the first branch is small, reducing the current flowing through the automatic breaking unit can alleviate the heating phenomenon of the overcurrent automatic breaking unit, and increasing the overcurrent can automatically breaking the unit
  • the controller controls the first controllable switch unit to disconnect.
  • the second branch is disconnected, and the current flowing through the automatic breaking unit exceeds its breaking current threshold, and overcurrent
  • the automatic breaking unit can be automatically disconnected to realize the breaking of the protected circuit.
  • the use of a disconnecting device can cut off the electrical connection of the protected circuit when the protected circuit fails.
  • the overcurrent in the breaking device can automatically break off the heating phenomenon of the unit, so the reliability of the breaking device provided in the first aspect is higher.
  • the controller is connected to the first branch, and the controller is also used to control when the voltage across the first branch is less than the preset voltage value when the protected circuit is powered on The first controllable switch unit is closed.
  • the voltage value at both ends of the first branch is the voltage value at both ends of the second branch.
  • the first controllable switch unit is controlled to pull in. That is, when the voltage at both ends of the first controllable switch unit is small, the first controllable switch unit is controlled to pull in.
  • the first controllable switch unit can be pulled in at zero voltage or close to zero voltage, thereby reducing the
  • the first controllable switch unit needs to withstand voltage requirements, so the first controllable switch unit with a smaller specification can be selected during implementation, thereby reducing the occupied area of the breaking device and reducing the cost of the breaking device.
  • the first controllable switch unit is any one of the following, or a series or parallel combination of any of the following: a relay; a contactor; a semiconductor switch.
  • the first current limiting unit is any one of the following, or a series or parallel combination of any of the following: resistance; diode; positive temperature coefficient PTC thermistor; negative temperature system NTC thermistor.
  • the overcurrent automatic breaking unit is any of the following, or any of the following series or parallel combinations:
  • Circuit breaker fuse.
  • controller can also be connected to the first branch, and the controller is also used to control the first controllable switch unit to alternately open and close when the voltage value at both ends of the first branch meets a preset condition. Clean the first controllable switch unit.
  • the first controllable switch unit pulls in at or near zero voltage, and an oxide film is easily formed between the contacts.
  • the voltage value at both ends of the first branch ie, the first controllable switch unit When the voltage value at both ends
  • the first controllable switch unit is controlled to alternately open and close, and the first controllable switch unit can be cleaned, thereby reducing the impedance of the first controllable switch unit and alleviating the The flow can automatically break the heating problem of the unit.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a disconnecting device, which is connected in series in a protected circuit and is used to cut off the electrical connection when the protected circuit fails;
  • the disconnecting device includes: a first branch, including a series connection
  • the over-current can automatically break the unit, the cleaning circuit and the first current-limiting unit.
  • the over-current can automatically cut off the unit when the current flowing through exceeds the breaking current threshold.
  • the first current-limiting unit is used to The current is limited;
  • the cleaning circuit includes a second current-limiting unit and a second controllable switch unit connected in parallel;
  • the control end of the second controllable switch unit is connected to the controller for disconnecting or disconnecting under the control of the controller Pull-in;
  • the second branch connected in parallel with the first branch includes a first controllable switch unit, and the control end of the first controllable switch unit is connected to the controller for disconnecting or disconnecting under the control of the controller
  • the controller is connected to the control terminal of the first controllable switch unit, the control terminal of the second controllable switch unit and the protected circuit, and is used to control the first controllable switch when the protected circuit is working normally
  • the unit pulls in and the second controllable switch unit is closed, and when the protected circuit fails, the first controllable switch unit is controlled to open and the second controllable switch unit is closed.
  • the controller controls the first controllable switch unit and the second controllable switch unit to pull in when the protected circuit is working normally, and at this time, the first branch and the second branch are divided. Since the first current-limiting unit and the cleaning circuit can play the role of current-limiting, the value of the current flowing through the first branch is small, and reducing the current flowing through the automatic breaking unit can alleviate the overcurrent automatic breaking unit.
  • the default state of the second controllable switch unit is the pull-in state.
  • the second controllable switch unit when the system is working normally and the protected circuit fails, the second controllable switch unit is in the pull-in state, and only when the first controllable switch unit is cleaned can the second controllable switch unit be Disconnected state to achieve low current cleaning.
  • the controller is also used to: when the first controllable switch unit needs to be cleaned, control the second controllable switch unit to turn off, and when it is detected that the voltage at both ends of the first branch meets the predetermined When the conditions are set, the first controllable switch unit is controlled to alternately open and close.
  • the first controllable switch unit is any one of the following, or a series or parallel combination of any of the following: relay; contactor; semiconductor switch;
  • the second controllable switch unit is any of the following, Or any of the following series or parallel combinations: relays; contactors; semiconductor switches.
  • the first current limiting unit is any one of the following, or a series or parallel combination of any of the following: resistance; diode; positive temperature coefficient PTC thermistor; negative temperature system NTC thermistor; second limit
  • the flow unit is any one of the following, or a series or parallel combination of any of the following: resistance; diode; PTC thermistor; NTC thermistor.
  • the overcurrent automatic breaking unit is any of the following, or any of the following series or parallel combinations:
  • Circuit breaker fuse.
  • controller can also be connected to the first branch, and the controller is also used to control the first controllable when the voltage value across the first branch is less than the preset voltage value when the protected circuit is powered on The switch unit is closed.
  • the voltage value at both ends of the first branch is the voltage value at both ends of the second branch.
  • the first controllable switch unit is controlled to pull in. That is, when the voltage at both ends of the first controllable switch unit is small, the first controllable switch unit is controlled to pull in.
  • the first controllable switch unit can be pulled in at zero voltage or close to zero voltage, thereby reducing the
  • the first controllable switch unit needs to withstand voltage requirements, so the first controllable switch unit with a smaller specification can be selected during implementation, thereby reducing the occupied area of the breaking device and reducing the cost of the breaking device.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an inverter system, which includes: at least one DC input terminal, at least one breaking device, a bus unit, and a DC/AC conversion unit; the breaking device is connected in series to the DC input Between the negative pole of the terminal and the negative pole of the bus unit, the positive pole of the DC input terminal is connected to the positive pole of the bus unit; or, the disconnect device is connected in series between the positive pole of the DC input terminal and the positive pole of the bus unit, and the negative pole of the DC input terminal is connected to the negative pole of the bus unit.
  • a disconnecting device is connected in series between the negative pole of part of the DC input terminal and the negative pole of the bus bar unit, and the positive pole of the DC input terminal is connected to the positive pole of the bus bar unit; or, a disconnecting device is connected in series between the positive pole of part of the DC input terminal and the positive pole of the bus bar unit, The negative pole of the DC input terminal is connected to the negative pole of the bus unit; or, part of the breaking device is connected in series between the negative pole of the DC input terminal and the negative pole of the bus unit, and another part of the segmentation device is connected in series between the positive pole of the DC input terminal and the positive pole of the bus unit. ;
  • the bus unit is connected with the DC/AC conversion unit.
  • the breaking device includes: a first branch, including a series-connected overcurrent automatic breaking unit and a first current limiting unit, the overcurrent automatic breaking unit is used to automatically disconnect when the current flowing through exceeds the breaking current threshold, the first The current limiting unit is used to limit the current on the first branch;
  • the second branch connected in parallel with the first branch includes a first controllable switch unit, the control terminal of the first controllable switch unit and the controller Connection, used to disconnect or pull in under the control of the controller;
  • the controller connected to the control end of the first controllable switch unit, used to control the first controllable switch unit when the inverter system is working normally When the inverter system fails, the first controllable switch unit is controlled to be turned off.
  • the first controllable switch unit can be any of the following, or a series or parallel combination of any of the following: relay; contactor; semiconductor switch; the first current limiting unit can be any of the following, or Any of the following series or parallel combinations: resistors; diodes; positive temperature coefficient PTC thermistors; negative temperature system NTC thermistors; overcurrent automatic breaking unit can be any of the following, or any of the following Series or parallel combination: circuit breaker; fuse.
  • the controller is connected to the first branch, and the controller is also used to: when the voltage value at both ends of the first branch meets a preset condition, control the first controllable switch unit to alternately disconnect and Pull in to clean the first controllable switch unit.
  • the first branch circuit further includes: a cleaning circuit, the cleaning circuit includes a second current limiting unit and a second controllable switch unit connected in parallel; the control end of the second controllable switch unit and the controller Connection, used to disconnect or pull in under the control of the controller; the controller is also used to: control the second controllable switch unit to close when the inverter system is working normally and when the inverter system fails;
  • the first controllable switch unit is cleaned, the second controllable switch unit is controlled to be turned off, and when the voltage value at both ends of the first branch is detected to meet the preset condition, the first controllable switch unit is controlled to alternately turn off Open and close.
  • the default state of the second controllable switch unit is the pull-in state.
  • the inverter system further includes: at least one DC/DC conversion unit corresponding to at least one DC input terminal, and the positive output terminal of the DC/DC conversion unit is connected to the positive pole of the bus unit, The negative output end of the DC/DC conversion unit is connected to the negative electrode of the bus unit.
  • the disconnecting device is connected in series between the negative pole of the DC input terminal and the negative input terminal of the DC/DC conversion unit, and the positive pole of the DC input terminal is connected to the positive input terminal of the DC/DC conversion unit; or, the disconnecting device Connected in series between the positive pole of the DC input terminal and the positive input terminal of the DC/DC conversion unit, and the negative pole of the DC input terminal is connected to the negative input terminal of the DC/DC conversion unit; or, the negative pole of the DC input terminal and part of the DC/DC conversion unit
  • a disconnecting device is connected in series between the negative input terminals, and the positive electrode of the DC input terminal is connected to the positive input terminal of the DC/DC conversion unit; or, a disconnecting device is connected in series between the positive electrode of the DC input terminal and the positive input terminal of some DC/DC conversion units, The negative pole of the DC input terminal is connected to the negative input terminal of the DC/DC conversion unit; or part of the breaking device is connected in series between the negative pole of the DC input terminal and the negative input terminal of
  • the breaking device may also adopt the solutions provided by the different design methods in the first aspect or the second aspect, which will not be repeated here.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a breaking device provided in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a power system provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first inverter system provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a first breaking device provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a second type of breaking device provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a third breaking device provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth breaking device provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a fifth breaking device provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a second inverter system provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a third inverter system provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth inverter system provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a fifth inverter system provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a breaking device and an inverter system for cutting off electrical connections when a protected circuit fails.
  • FIG. 2 the application scenario of the embodiment of the present application is briefly introduced by taking FIG. 2 as an example.
  • the power system includes an input, a breaking device, and a protected circuit.
  • the input terminal is used to input electric energy, and may be, for example, a DC input terminal or an AC input terminal.
  • the breaking device is respectively connected with the input terminal and the protected circuit, and is used to cut off the electrical connection between the input terminal and the protected circuit when the protected circuit fails.
  • the breaking device can be regarded as an independent device or as a part of the protected circuit.
  • the breaking device is connected in series between the negative electrode of the input terminal and the negative electrode of the protected circuit, and the positive electrode of the input terminal is connected to the positive electrode of the protected circuit; or, the breaking device is connected in series between the positive electrode of the input terminal and the positive electrode of the protected circuit, The negative pole of the input terminal is connected to the negative pole of the protected circuit; or, part of the breaking device is connected in series between the negative pole of the input terminal and the negative pole of the protected circuit, and another part of the segmentation device is connected in series between the positive pole of the input terminal and the positive pole of the protected circuit .
  • the input terminal inputs electrical energy to the system, which is transmitted to the protected circuit through the breaking device, and the protected circuit can process the output electrical energy at the input terminal accordingly.
  • the protected circuit can perform DC/AC (DC/AC) conversion on the input end of the direct current to output alternating current; for example, the protected circuit can perform DC/DC (DC/DC) conversion on the input end of the direct current to output voltage and Adjustable current direct current; for another example, the protected circuit can perform alternating current/direct current (AC/DC) conversion on the alternating current at the input end to output direct current.
  • DC/AC DC/AC
  • DC/DC DC/DC
  • AC/DC alternating current/direct current
  • the power system shown in FIG. 2 may be an inverter system.
  • the inverter system may include N photovoltaic strings, breaking devices and inverters.
  • each photovoltaic string contains multiple photovoltaic panels in series;
  • the inverter contains N DC/DC conversion units, bus unit (BUS) and a DC/AC conversion corresponding to the N photovoltaic strings one-to-one unit.
  • the breaking device is connected in series between the negative pole of the input terminal and the negative pole of the protected circuit, and the positive pole of the input terminal is connected to the positive pole of the protected circuit, which is used to cut off the photovoltaic string and the DC/DC when the DC/DC conversion unit fails.
  • Electrical connection between the conversion units; N DC/DC conversion units are connected in parallel to the bus unit, and the bus unit is connected with the DC/AC conversion unit.
  • FIG. 3 only takes the inverter system including a breaking device as an example for illustration.
  • N breaking devices can also be provided in the inverter system, and the N breaking devices protect the N DC/DC conversion units respectively. That is to say, in the inverter system, the number of breaking devices set may be inconsistent with the number of DC/DC conversion units.
  • the breaking device is located on the negative power line.
  • the breaking device can also be located on the positive power line, or the breaking device can be provided on both the positive power line and the negative power line. The example does not specifically limit this.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a breaking device provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • the breaking device 400 shown in FIG. 4 includes a controller 401, a first branch connected in parallel, and a second branch connected in parallel with the first branch.
  • the breaking device 400 is connected in series in the protected circuit for failure in the protected circuit. Cut off the electrical connection at the time.
  • the first branch includes a series-connected overcurrent automatic breaking unit 402 and a first current limiting unit 403.
  • the overcurrent automatic breaking unit 402 is used to automatically disconnect when the current flowing through exceeds the breaking current threshold.
  • the first current limiting unit 403 Used to limit the current on the first branch;
  • the second branch includes a first controllable switch unit 404, and the control end of the first controllable switch unit 404 is connected to the controller 401 for disconnection or pull-in under the control of the controller 401;
  • the controller 401 is connected to the control terminal of the first controllable switch unit 404 and the protected circuit, and is used to control the first controllable switch unit 404 to pull in when the protected circuit is working normally, and to control when the protected circuit fails The first controllable switch unit 404 is turned off.
  • the controller 401 controls the first controllable switch unit 404 to pull in when the protected circuit is working normally, which means that the controller 401 controls the first controllable switch unit when the protected circuit is not in the standby state and is not malfunctioning.
  • the switch unit 404 is closed. If the protected circuit is in the standby state, the controller 401 can control the first controllable switch unit 404 to turn off, so as to save resources.
  • the breaking device 400 is used to cut off the electrical connection when the protected circuit fails; specifically, one end of the breaking device 400 may be connected to the DC input terminal, and the other end may be connected to the protected circuit.
  • the electrical connection between the DC input terminal and the protected circuit is cut off; one end of the breaking device 400 can be connected to the AC input terminal, and the other end is connected to the protected circuit to cut off the AC input when the protected circuit fails The electrical connection between the terminal and the protected circuit.
  • the over-current automatic breaking unit 402 may be a circuit breaker or a fuse, or a combination of the above-mentioned devices; when several devices are combined, the number of each device in the combination is not specifically limited (for example, It can contain one circuit breaker and one fuse, can contain one circuit breaker and multiple fuses, can contain multiple circuit breakers and one fuse, or can contain multiple circuit breakers and multiple fuses).
  • the connection mode is not specifically limited (for example, it can be connected in series or in parallel, or can be combined in series and parallel), as long as the overcurrent automatic breaking unit 402 can automatically break when the current flowing through itself exceeds the breaking current threshold.
  • the first current limiting unit 403 may be a resistor, a diode, a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) thermistor or a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor, etc., or the above-mentioned several.
  • PTC positive temperature coefficient
  • NTC negative temperature coefficient
  • connection mode of the device is not specifically limited (for example, it can be connected in series or in parallel, or can be combined in series and parallel), as long as the first current limiting unit 403 can function The current limiting effect is sufficient.
  • the first current limiting unit 403 can divide the voltage with the overcurrent automatic breaking unit 402 when the system is working normally, thereby reducing the current flow.
  • the passing current can automatically break the current of the unit 402, thereby alleviating the heating phenomenon of the overcurrent automatic breaking unit 402, and improving the service life of the overcurrent automatic breaking unit 402.
  • the first controllable switch unit 404 may be a relay, a contactor, or a semiconductor switch, or a combination of the foregoing three devices.
  • the connection mode of the device is not specifically limited (for example, it can be connected in series or in parallel, or can be combined in series and parallel), as long as the first controllable type
  • the switch unit 404 can be switched on or off under the control of the controller 401.
  • the control terminal of the first controllable switch unit 404 is connected to the controller 401, which can mean: when the first controllable switch unit 404 contains only one device, the control terminal of the device is connected to the controller 401; When the first controllable switch unit 404 is a combination of the foregoing devices, the control terminals of these devices are all connected to the controller 401.
  • the controller 401 controls the first controllable switch unit 404 to pull in when the protected circuit is working normally.
  • the first branch and the second branch are divided.
  • the current-limiting unit 403 can perform a current-limiting function, so the value of the current flowing through the first branch is small, and reducing the current flowing through the automatic breaking unit 402 can alleviate the heating phenomenon of the overcurrent automatic breaking unit 402.
  • the controller 401 controls the first controllable switch unit 404 to disconnect when the protected circuit fails, at this time the second branch is disconnected, and all current flows through the over-current can In the automatic breaking unit 402, the current flowing through the automatic breaking unit 402 exceeds its breaking current threshold, and the overcurrent automatic breaking unit 402 is automatically disconnected, thereby cutting off the electrical connection of the protected circuit.
  • the controller 401 may also be connected to the first branch, and the controller 401 is also used to, when the voltage value at both ends of the first branch is less than the preset voltage value when the protected circuit is powered on,
  • the first controllable switch unit 404 is controlled to be closed.
  • the voltage value at both ends of the first branch is the voltage value at both ends of the second branch
  • the first controllable switch unit 404 is controlled when the voltage value at both ends of the first branch is less than the preset voltage value. Pull-in, that is, when the voltage at both ends of the first controllable switch unit 404 is small, the first controllable switch unit 404 is controlled to pull in, and the first controllable switch unit 404 can pull in or close to zero voltage Suck in.
  • the requirement on the withstand voltage capability of the first controllable switch unit 404 can be reduced, and therefore, the first controllable switch unit 404 with a smaller specification can be selected during implementation, thereby reducing the occupied area of the breaking device 400 , Reduce the cost of the breaking device 400.
  • the first controllable switch unit 404 usually pulls in at or near zero voltage. Therefore, an oxide film is easily formed between the contacts of the first controllable switch unit 404, which over time , The oxide film formed between the contacts gradually increases the impedance of the first controllable switch unit 404, thereby causing the shunt of the first branch to gradually increase, so that the overcurrent automatic breaking unit 402 generates serious heat.
  • the controller 401 can also be connected to the first branch.
  • the controller 401 is also used to control the first controllable switch unit 404 to alternately turn off when the voltage value at both ends of the first branch meets a preset condition. Open and close to clean the first controllable switch unit 404.
  • the controllable switch unit is controlled to alternately open and close (that is, the contact of the controllable switch unit Slightly draw an arc between them), which can destroy the oxide film formed between the contacts of the controllable switch unit, so as to achieve the purpose of cleaning the controllable switch unit.
  • the first controllable switch unit 404 can be controlled when the voltage value across the first branch (that is, the voltage value across the first controllable switch unit 404) meets a preset condition Alternately disconnect and pull in to clean the first controllable switch unit 404; after cleaning the first controllable switch unit 404, the impedance of the first controllable switch unit 404 can be reduced, thereby alleviating overcurrent and automatically The heating problem of the breaking unit 402.
  • the controller 401 controls the first controllable switch unit 404 to pull in when the protected circuit is working normally. At this time, the first branch and the second branch are divided, due to the first limitation.
  • the current unit 403 can play a role in current limiting, so the value of the current flowing through the first branch is small, reducing the current flowing through the automatic breaking unit 402 can alleviate the heating phenomenon of the overcurrent automatic breaking unit 402, and improve The service life of the over-current automatically disconnecting unit 402; the controller 401 controls the first controllable switch unit 404 to disconnect when the protected circuit fails, and at this time the second branch is disconnected, and the flow through the current automatically disconnecting the unit 402 If the current exceeds its breaking current threshold, the over-current automatic breaking unit 402 is automatically disconnected, thereby realizing the breaking of the protected circuit.
  • the breaking device 400 can cut off the electrical connection of the protected circuit when the protected circuit fails.
  • the over-current automatic breaking unit 402 in the breaking device 400 has alleviated the heating phenomenon, so the reliability of the solution provided by the embodiment of the present application is higher.
  • the embodiment of the application also provides a disconnecting device, which is used to cut off the electrical connection when the protected circuit fails.
  • the breaking device 500 includes a controller 501 and a first branch and a second branch connected in parallel.
  • the first branch includes a series-connected over-current automatic breaking unit 502, a first current limiting unit 503, and a cleaning circuit 505.
  • the over-current automatic breaking unit 502 is used to automatically disconnect when the current flowing through exceeds the breaking current threshold.
  • the current limiting unit 503 is used to limit the current on the first branch;
  • the cleaning circuit 505 includes a second current limiting unit and a second controllable switch unit connected in parallel; the control terminal and the controller of the second controllable switch unit
  • the 501 connection is used to disconnect or pull in under the control of the controller 501.
  • the second branch connected in parallel with the first branch includes a first controllable switch unit 504.
  • the control end of the first controllable switch unit 504 is connected to the controller 501 for disconnecting or disconnecting under the control of the controller 501. Suck in.
  • the controller 501 is connected to the control terminal of the first controllable switch unit 504, the control terminal of the second controllable switch unit, and the protected circuit, and is used to control the first controllable switch unit 504 when the protected circuit is working normally When the protected circuit fails, the first controllable switch unit 504 is controlled to be turned off and the second controllable switch unit is pulled in.
  • the controller 501 controls the first controllable switch unit 404 and the second controllable switch unit to pull in when the protected circuit is working normally, which means that the controller 401 is not in the standby state and not in the protected circuit.
  • the first controllable switch unit 404 and the second controllable switch unit are controlled to pull in. If the protected circuit is in a standby state, the controller 401 can control the first controllable switch unit 404 and the second controllable switch unit to disconnect, so as to save resources.
  • the breaking device 500 is used to cut off the electrical connection when the protected circuit fails; specifically, one end of the breaking device 500 may be connected to the DC input terminal, and the other end may be connected to the protected circuit.
  • the electrical connection between the DC input terminal and the protected circuit is cut off; one end of the breaking device 500 can be connected to the AC input terminal, and the other end is connected to the protected circuit to cut off the AC input when the protected circuit fails The electrical connection between the terminal and the protected circuit.
  • the device selection of the first controllable switch unit 504 and the second controllable switch unit can refer to the device selection of the first controllable switch unit 404 in the breaking device 400; overcurrent can be automatically broken
  • the device selection of the unit 502 can refer to the device selection of the overcurrent automatic breaking unit 402 in the breaking device 400; the device selection of the first current limiting unit 503 and the second current limiting unit can refer to the first current limiting unit in the breaking device 400
  • the device selection of 403 will not be repeated here.
  • the cleaning circuit 505 and the first current limiting unit 503 connected in series on the first branch can both play a current limiting function, thereby reducing the The current on a road relieves the heating phenomenon of the over-current automatic breaking unit 502, thereby improving the life of the over-current automatic breaking unit 502.
  • the controller 501 is also used to control the second controllable switch unit to be turned off when the first controllable switch unit 504 needs to be cleaned, and when the first controllable switch unit is detected When the voltage value at both ends of the circuit meets the preset condition, the first controllable switch unit 504 is controlled to alternately open and close.
  • the voltage across the first branch circuit (that is, the first controllable switch unit 404 is two The voltage at the end) meets the preset condition, for example, 10V ⁇ 25V.
  • a relatively large current will flow in the first controllable switch unit 404. Therefore, the DC input terminal (or AC input terminal) connected to the breaking device 400 is also required to have a relatively large output. The current can achieve cleaning.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a breaking device 500 shown in FIG. 5.
  • the breaking device 500 when cleaning the first controllable switch unit 504, a large current is not required to flow in the system.
  • the default state of the second controllable switch unit may be the pull-in state. That is, when the system is working normally and the protected circuit fails, the second controllable switch unit is in the pull-in state, and the second controllable switch unit is turned off only when the first controllable switch unit 504 is cleaned. Open state to achieve low current cleaning.
  • the pull-in or disconnection of the second controllable switch unit may be controlled by the controller 501.
  • the first controllable switch unit 504 and the second controllable switch unit are both pulled in.
  • the first branch and the second branch are divided, and the first current limiting unit 503 and The cleaning circuit 505 acts as a current limiter, so the current value flowing through the first branch is small, thereby alleviating the heating phenomenon of the over-current automatic breaking unit 502; controlling the first controllable switch unit when the protected circuit fails 504 is disconnected, and the second controllable switch unit is pulled in.
  • the second branch is disconnected, and all current flows through the overcurrent automatic breaking unit 502, and the overcurrent automatic breaking unit 502 is automatically disconnected.
  • the controller 501 controls the second controllable switch unit to turn off.
  • the first current limiting unit 503 and the second current limiting unit both play a current limiting role. Therefore, compared with the breaking device 400 shown in FIG. 4, in the breaking device 500 shown in FIG. 5, the flow of the second branch is relatively low. Therefore, when the current in the system is small, the voltage value of the first controllable switch unit 504 is more likely to meet the preset condition, so that it is easier to trigger the cleaning of the first controllable switch unit 504.
  • the breaking device 500 shown in FIG. 5 when the system is working normally, since the cleaning circuit 505 and the first current limiting unit 503 can both perform current limiting functions, the first current limiting unit 503 can be selected to be smaller Resistance. Then, after the protected circuit fails, the first controllable switch unit 504 is turned off. At this time, all the current flows through the first branch, because the resistance of the first branch is small (the first current limiting unit 503 can Choose a smaller resistance value), the voltage across the first branch (that is, the voltage with which the first controllable switch unit 504 is disconnected) is also smaller, so the first controllable switch unit 504 can choose a smaller size , Thereby reducing costs.
  • the breaking device 500 shown in FIG. 5 when the first controllable switch unit 504 is cleaned, the first branch is connected in series with the first current limiting unit 503 and the second current limiting unit.
  • the current limiting unit therefore, the current flowing through the first branch is relatively small, and the heat generation of the overcurrent automatic breaking unit 502 can be further reduced, so as to protect the overcurrent automatic breaking unit 502 as much as possible during the cleaning process.
  • the controller 501 may also be connected to the first branch, and the controller 501 is also used for: when the protected circuit is powered on, the voltage value at both ends of the first branch is less than the preset voltage value In the case of controlling the first controllable switch unit 504 to pull in. In this case, the first controllable switch unit 504 can be switched on at zero voltage or close to zero voltage, thereby reducing the requirements on the voltage withstand capability of the first controllable switch unit 504, so smaller specifications can be selected for implementation. The first controllable switch unit 504, thereby reducing the occupied area of the breaking device 500 and reducing the cost of the breaking device 500.
  • the controller 501 controls the first controllable switch unit 504 and the second controllable switch unit to pull in when the protected circuit is working normally.
  • the first branch and the second Since the first current limiting unit 503 and the cleaning circuit 505 can play a current limiting role, the current value flowing through the first branch is small, and the current in the automatic breaking unit 502 can be relieved by reducing the flow through the current.
  • the overcurrent can automatically break off the heating of the unit 502, and improve the service life of the overcurrent can automatically break the unit 502; the controller 501 controls the first controllable switch unit 504 to turn off and the second controllable switch unit 504 when the protected circuit fails.
  • the switch unit pulls in.
  • the breaking device 500 can cut off the electrical connection of the protected circuit when the protected circuit fails. Compared with the solution provided in the prior art, the heating phenomenon of the overcurrent automatic breaking unit 502 in the breaking device 500 is alleviated, and therefore the reliability of the solution provided by the embodiment of the present application is higher.
  • breaking device provided in the embodiment of the present application will be introduced in detail through three specific examples. It should be noted that the breaking device provided in FIGS. 6 to 8 can be regarded as a specific example of the breaking device 400 or the breaking device 500.
  • Fig. 6 is a breaking device provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • the disconnecting device is connected in series between the DC input terminal and the protected circuit. When the protected circuit fails, the disconnecting device disconnects the electrical connection between the DC input terminal and the protected circuit.
  • the breaking device shown in Figure 6 includes a fuse, a current limiting resistor, a relay and a controller. Among them, the fuse and the current-limiting resistor are connected in series, and then connected in parallel with the relay; the controller is used to control the relay to pull on or off.
  • the working principle of the breaking device shown in Figure 6 is as follows: In normal operation, the controller controls the relay to pull in, and the current is shunted through the fuse and current limiting resistor series branch and the relay branch.
  • the impedance of the current-limiting resistor series branch can be much greater than the impedance of the relay branch, so most of the current flows through the relay, and only a very small current flows through the fuse, so the fuse is not easy to generate heat, which can increase the life of the fuse.
  • the controller controls the relay to open, and the current flows through the fuse and the current-limiting resistor series branch. At this time, the voltage across the relay contacts is very low, and the relay is disconnected under low voltage. After the relay is completely broken, the current flowing through the fuse is much larger than the fuse specification (that is, the breaking current threshold of the fuse), and the fuse is automatically blown, thereby disconnecting the electrical connection between the DC input terminal and the protected circuit. Protection of the protected circuit.
  • the controller can detect the voltage at both ends of the fuse and the current-limiting resistor series branch. When the voltage reaches a predetermined value, the controller can control the relay to alternately pull on or off, and the relay contacts The oxide film formed between is cleaned and the contact resistance of the relay is reduced.
  • the DC output output from the DC input terminal is 1500V-50A; the resistance value of the current limiting resistor is 5 ⁇ , the fuse specification is 1500V-5A, and the relay specification is 250V-30A; The impedance is 5m ⁇ , and the impedance of the fuse is 71m ⁇ .
  • the current-limiting resistor is not added to the breaking device (that is, in the case of the prior art)
  • the two branches of the fuse and the relay are shunted, and the fuse shunt is 50A*5m ⁇ /(5m ⁇ +71m ⁇ ) ⁇ 3.28A
  • the power consumption of the fuse reaches 0.76W at this time, and the heat is serious;
  • the fuse shunt is 50A*5m ⁇ /(5m ⁇ +71m ⁇ +5 ⁇ ) ⁇ 0.049A, at this time the fuse power consumption Only 0.00017W, almost no heating problem.
  • the controller controls the relay to open, and the current is redirected to the fuse and the current-limiting resistor series branch.
  • the voltage at both ends of the branch is 50A*(71m ⁇ +5 ⁇ ) ⁇ 250V
  • the relay completes the breaking before the fuse is blown
  • the voltage of the relay breaking process is always 250V, which meets the specifications of the relay 250V, which can ensure the reliable breaking of the relay.
  • the fuse is blown according to the specification blow time.
  • the controller when the controller detects that the voltage of the fuse and the current-limiting resistor series branch is between 10V and 25V, it can control the relay to alternately pull on or off, and perform a slight arc between the contacts to eliminate the two relay contacts.
  • the oxide film formed for a long time at the end reduces the contact resistance of the relay and relieves the heat of the fuse.
  • breaking device shown in FIG. 6 can be regarded as a specific example of the breaking device 400.
  • the breaking device 400 please refer to the relevant description in the breaking device 400.
  • a breaking device provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • the disconnecting device is connected in series between the DC input terminal and the protected circuit. When the protected circuit fails, the disconnecting device disconnects the electrical connection between the DC input terminal and the protected circuit.
  • the breaking device shown in Figure 7 includes a fuse, a diode, a relay and a controller. Among them, the fuse and the diode are connected in series and then connected in parallel with the relay; the controller is used to control the relay to pull on or off.
  • the working principle of the breaking device shown in Figure 7 is as follows: In normal operation, the controller controls the relay to pull in, and the current is shunted through the two branches of the fuse and diode series branch and the relay branch. The conduction voltage drop of the circuit acts on the relay branch. At this time, most of the current flows through the relay, and only a very small current flows through the fuse, so the fuse is not easy to generate heat, which can increase the life of the fuse.
  • the controller controls the relay to open, and current flows through the fuse and the diode series branch. At this time, the voltage across the relay contacts is very low, and the relay is disconnected under low voltage. After the relay is completely broken, the current flowing through the fuse is much larger than the fuse specification (that is, the breaking current threshold of the fuse), and the fuse is automatically blown, thereby disconnecting the electrical connection between the DC input terminal and the protected circuit. Protection of the protected circuit.
  • the fuse can be connected in series with multiple diodes, and then connected in parallel with the relay; in the case of the same current, the controller can detect the voltage across the fuse and the diode series branch, and when the voltage reaches a predetermined value, the controller can control The relay alternately pulls on or off to clean the oxide film formed between the relay contacts and reduce the contact impedance of the relay.
  • the DC output output from the DC input end is 1500V-50A; the conduction voltage drop of the diode is 0.2V, the fuse specification is 1500V-5A, and the relay specification is 30V-30A; The contact resistance is 5m ⁇ , and the fuse resistance is 71m ⁇ .
  • the breaking device without a diode that is, in the case of the prior art
  • the two branches of the fuse and the relay are shunted, and the fuse shunt is 50A*5m ⁇ /(5m ⁇ +71m ⁇ ) ⁇ 3.28 A.
  • the fuse power consumption is only 0.03W, and there is almost no heating problem.
  • the controller controls the relay to open, and the current turns to the fuse and diode series branch.
  • the voltage across the branch is 50A*71m ⁇ +0.2V ⁇ 3.75V, and the relay is melting.
  • the breaking is completed before the wire fuse, and the voltage of the relay breaking process is always 3.75V, which meets the 30V specification of the relay and can ensure the reliable breaking of the relay.
  • the fuse is blown according to the specification blow time.
  • the controller when the controller detects that the voltage of the fuse and the diode series branch is between 10V and 25V, it can control the relay to alternately pull on or off to perform a slight arc between the contacts , In order to eliminate the long-term oxide film formed on both ends of the relay contact, reduce the contact resistance of the relay, and ease the heating of the fuse.
  • breaking device shown in FIG. 7 can be regarded as a specific example of the breaking device 400.
  • the breaking device 400 please refer to the relevant description in the breaking device 400.
  • a breaking device provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • the disconnecting device is connected in series between the DC input terminal and the protected circuit. When the protected circuit fails, the disconnecting device disconnects the electrical connection between the DC input terminal and the protected circuit.
  • the breaking device shown in FIG. 8 includes a fuse, a deoxidized film circuit, a first relay, a controller, and a first current limiting resistor.
  • the oxide film removing circuit is composed of a second relay and a second current limiting resistor in parallel, and the second relay is a normally closed relay.
  • the fuse, the first current limiting resistor, and the deoxidizing film circuit are connected in series and then connected in parallel with the first relay; the controller is used to control the first relay to pull in or off, and to control the second relay to pull in or off.
  • the deoxidized film circuit is a specific example of the aforementioned cleaning circuit.
  • the working principle of the breaking device shown in Figure 8 is as follows: In normal operation, the controller controls the first relay to pull in, and the current flows through the fuse, the deoxidized film circuit, the first current limiting resistor series branch and the first relay branch. The two branches are shunted, because the resistance of the fuse, the first current limiting resistor, and the series branch of the oxide film circuit is much greater than the contact resistance of the first relay. At this time, most of the current flows through the first relay, only Very small current flows through the fuse, so the fuse is not easy to generate heat, which can increase the life of the fuse.
  • the controller controls the first relay to open, and the current flows through the fuse, the first current-limiting resistor, and the series branch of the oxide film removal circuit. At this time, the voltage across the contacts of the first relay is very low. The first relay is disconnected at low voltage, so the first relay of low voltage specification can be selected to reduce the cost. After the first relay is completely disconnected, the current flowing through the fuse is much greater than the fuse specification (that is, the fuse breaking current threshold), and the fuse is automatically blown, thereby disconnecting the electrical connection between the DC input terminal and the protected circuit. Play a protective role for the protected circuit.
  • the controller can control the second relay to turn off and the first relay to turn off, connect the second current-limiting resistor, the first current-limiting resistor and the fuse in series to increase the fuse, the first current-limiting resistor, and the circuit for removing oxide film
  • the impedance of the series branch can increase the voltage at both ends of the first relay contact when the DC input terminal outputs a small current.
  • the controller can control the first relay to alternately pull on or off , To clean the oxide film formed between the contacts of the first relay to reduce the contact resistance of the first relay.
  • the DC power output at the DC input end is 1500V-50A; the first current-limiting resistance is 0.3 ⁇ , the second current-limiting resistance is 2000 ⁇ , the fuse specification is 1500V-5A, the first The relay specification is 30V-30A, and the second relay specification is 30V-5A; the contact impedance of the first relay and the second relay are both 5m ⁇ , and the impedance of the fuse is 71m ⁇ .
  • the second relay is a normally closed relay.
  • the two branches of the fuse and the first relay are shunted, and the fuse is shunted 50A*5m ⁇ /(5m ⁇ +71m ⁇ ) ⁇ 3.28A, at this time the power consumption of the fuse reaches 0.76W, and heat is serious; if the first current limiting resistor and the oxide film removal circuit are added, the fuse shunt is 50A*5m ⁇ /(5m ⁇ +71m ⁇ +0.3 ⁇ ) ⁇ 0.66A, the power consumption of the fuse is only 0.031W at this time, and there is almost no heating problem.
  • the controller controls the first relay to turn off, and the current turns to the fuse, the first current-limiting resistor, and the series branch of the oxide film circuit. Both ends of the branch
  • the first relay completes breaking before the fuse is blown.
  • the voltage during the breaking process of the first relay is always 18.8V, which meets the 30V specification of the first relay.
  • a relay breaks reliably. After breaking, the fuse is blown according to the specification blow time.
  • the controller can control the second relay to turn off and the first relay to turn off, connect the second current-limiting resistor, the first current-limiting resistor and the fuse in series to increase the fuse, the first current-limiting resistor, and the circuit for removing oxide film
  • the impedance of the series branch can increase the voltage across the contacts of the first relay to between 10V and 25V when a small current (for example, 5mA ⁇ 10mA) is applied.
  • the controller can control the first relay to alternately pull in Or disconnect and perform a slight arc between the contacts to eliminate the oxide film formed on both ends of the relay contacts for a long time, reduce the impedance of the relay, and ease the heating of the fuse.
  • breaking device shown in FIG. 8 can be regarded as a specific example of the breaking device 500.
  • the breaking device 500 please refer to the relevant description in the breaking device 500.
  • breaking devices shown in FIGS. 6 to 8 are only specific examples of the embodiments of the present application. In practical applications, the breaking devices provided in the embodiments of the present application are not limited to the above three types.
  • one or more diodes can be connected in series with the fuse and current-limiting resistor series branch in the breaking device shown in Fig. 6 to form another breaking device; for example, it can be fused in the breaking device shown in Fig.
  • breaking devices are connected in series in the series branch of the wire and the diode to form another breaking device; for another example, the first current-limiting resistor in the breaking device shown in Figure 8 can be replaced with a diode to form another
  • breaking devices can be regarded as the breaking devices provided in the embodiments of the present application. The specific working principle can be analyzed with reference to the analysis methods in the breaking devices shown in Figs. 6-8, which will not be repeated here.
  • the embodiments of the present application also provide an inverter system.
  • the inverter system can be regarded as a specific example of the power system shown in FIG. 2.
  • the inverter system includes at least one DC input terminal, at least one breaking device, a bus unit, and a DC/AC conversion unit; wherein the breaking device is connected in series between the negative pole of the DC input terminal and the negative pole of the bus unit.
  • the positive pole of the input terminal is connected to the positive pole of the bus unit; or, the disconnecting device is connected in series between the positive pole of the DC input terminal and the positive pole of the bus unit, and the negative pole of the DC input terminal is connected to the negative pole of the bus unit; or, part of the negative pole of the DC input terminal and the bus unit
  • a disconnecting device is connected in series between the negative poles of the DC input terminal, and the positive pole of the DC input terminal is connected to the positive pole of the bus unit; or a disconnecting device is connected in series between the positive pole of some DC input terminals and the positive pole of the bus unit, and the negative pole of the DC input terminal is connected to the negative pole of the bus unit;
  • part of the breaking device is connected in series between the negative pole of the DC input terminal and the negative pole of the bus unit, and another part of the segmentation device is connected in series between the positive pole of the DC input terminal and the positive pole of the bus unit; the bus unit is connected to the DC/AC conversion unit.
  • FIG. 10 only takes as an example
  • the breaking device may include: a first branch including a series-connected overcurrent automatic breaking unit and a first current limiting unit, the overcurrent automatic breaking unit is used to automatically disconnect when the current flowing through exceeds the breaking current threshold,
  • the first current limiting unit is used to limit the current on the first branch;
  • the second branch connected in parallel with the first branch includes a first controllable switch unit, and the control terminal of the first controllable switch unit is connected to the
  • the controller is connected to disconnect or pull in under the control of the controller; the controller is connected to the control end of the first controllable switch unit and is used to control the first controllable switch when the inverter system is working normally
  • the switch unit pulls in and controls the first controllable switch unit to disconnect when the inverter system fails.
  • the inverter system shown in FIG. 9 may further include at least one DC/DC conversion unit corresponding to at least one DC input terminal.
  • the positive output terminal of the DC/DC conversion unit and the bus unit The positive pole of the DC/DC conversion unit is connected to the negative output terminal of the bus unit.
  • the disconnecting device is connected in series between the negative pole of the DC input terminal and the negative input terminal of the DC/DC conversion unit, and the positive pole of the DC input terminal is connected to the positive input terminal of the DC/DC conversion unit; or, the disconnecting device is connected in series to the DC input terminal.
  • the negative pole of the DC input terminal is connected to the negative input terminal of the DC/DC conversion unit; or between the negative pole of the DC input terminal and the negative input terminal of some DC/DC conversion units.
  • the disconnecting device Connect the disconnecting device, the positive pole of the DC input terminal is connected to the positive input terminal of the DC/DC conversion unit; or, the positive input terminal of the DC input terminal and the positive input terminal of some DC/DC conversion units are connected in series with the disconnecting device, and the negative pole of the DC input terminal is connected to The negative input terminal of the DC/DC conversion unit; or, part of the breaking device is connected in series between the negative electrode of the DC input terminal and the negative input terminal of the DC/DC conversion unit, and the other part of the breaking device is connected in series between the positive electrode of the DC input terminal and DC/DC Between the positive input terminals of the conversion unit.
  • the inverter system includes a breaking device as an example for illustration.
  • the inverter system can include one or more breaking devices.
  • a breaking device may be provided for each DC/DC conversion unit. After this setting, the structure of the inverter system may be as shown in FIG. 11.
  • a breaking device can be set on both the positive power line and the negative power line.
  • the first controllable switch unit is any one of the following, or a series or parallel combination of any of the following: relay; contactor; semiconductor switch; the first current limiting unit is the following Any of the following, or a series or parallel combination of any of the following: resistance; diode; PTC thermistor; NTC thermistor; over-current automatic breaking unit is any of the following, or any of the following series Or parallel combination: circuit breaker; fuse.
  • the controller is connected to the first branch, and the controller is also used to: when the voltage value at both ends of the first branch meets a preset condition, control the first controllable The switch unit is switched off and on alternately to clean the first controllable switch unit.
  • the first branch may also include: a cleaning circuit, which includes a second current-limiting unit and a second controllable switch unit connected in parallel; the control end of the second controllable switch unit is connected to the controller for Disconnected or closed under the control of the controller; the controller is also used to: when the first controllable switch unit needs to be cleaned, control the second controllable switch unit to disconnect, and when the voltage across the first branch is detected When the value satisfies the preset condition, the first controllable switch unit is controlled to alternately open and close.
  • a cleaning circuit which includes a second current-limiting unit and a second controllable switch unit connected in parallel; the control end of the second controllable switch unit is connected to the controller for Disconnected or closed under the control of the controller; the controller is also used to: when the first controllable switch unit needs to be cleaned, control the second controllable switch unit to disconnect, and when the voltage across the first branch is detected When the value satisfies the preset condition, the first controllable switch unit is controlled to alternately
  • the default state of the second controllable switch unit is the pull-in state.
  • the breaking device 400 or the breaking device 500 provided in the embodiments of the present application can be used to protect the inverter system.
  • the breaking device 400 or the breaking device 500 provided in the embodiment of the present application can also be added to the inverter system shown in FIG. 12, and when a short-circuit fault occurs in the inverter system, the breaking device 400 or the breaking device 500 Cut off the DC power supply of the battery panel string to protect the inverter system.

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Abstract

本申请实施例公开了一种分断装置及逆变器系统，用以在被保护电路发生故障时切断电气连接。该分断装置串联在被保护电路中，用于在被保护电路发生故障时切断电气连接；分断装置包括：第一支路，包含串联的过流可自动分断单元和第一限流单元，过流可自动分断单元用于在流经电流超过分断电流阈值时自动断开，第一限流单元用于对第一支路上的电流进行限流；与第一支路并联的第二支路，包含第一可控式开关单元，其控制端与控制器连接，用于在控制器的控制下断开或吸合；控制器，与第一可控式开关单元的控制端以及被保护电路连接，用于在被保护电路正常工作时控制第一可控式开关单元吸合，在被保护电路发生故障时控制第一可控式开关单元断开。

Description

一种分断装置及逆变器系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求在2019年03月01日提交中国专利局、申请号为201910157622.8、申请名称为“一种分断装置及逆变器系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中；本申请要求在2019年07月16日提交中国专利局、申请号为201910640519.9、申请名称为“一种分断装置及逆变器系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电力电子技术领域，尤其涉及一种分断装置及逆变器系统。
背景技术
目前，大型光伏电站一般通过光伏组件串联接入逆变器，逆变器将光伏组件输出的直流电转换为交流电，进而输送到电网。其中，光伏组件输出的直流电压高达几百伏甚至上千伏。当逆变器内部发生故障时，若光伏组件持续向逆变器注入能量，易导致故障扩散甚至损毁逆变器，因而需要一种可以可靠、快速的切断光伏组件和逆变器之间的电气连接的分断装置。
此外，对于除上述(包含光伏组件和逆变器的)逆变器系统之外的其他电力系统，尤其是大功率的电力系统，同样需要这样一种分断装置，从而在被保护电路发生故障时切断被保护电路的电气连接。
示例性地，现有的一种分断装置可以如图1所示。该分断装置应用于逆变器系统中，该逆变器系统包含多个光伏板组成的光伏组串、分断装置以及逆变器(相当于被保护电路)。逆变器中包含DC/DC转换单元和DC/AC转换单元。如图1所示，该分断装置包括并联的熔丝和继电器。当DC/DC转换单元正常工作时，控制器控制继电器闭合，此时光伏组串的输出电流按继电器和熔丝的内阻比例关系分流；当DC/DC转换单元发生故障时，控制器控制继电器断开，此时光伏组串的输出电流全部流经熔丝，熔丝被动熔断，从而实现DC/DC转换单元与光伏组串的分断。
但是，图1所示的分断装置在实际应用中存在如下问题：在正常工作时，光伏组串的输出电流按继电器和熔丝的内阻比例关系分流，因而有相当一部分电流流经熔丝，导致熔丝发热，缩短了熔丝的使用寿命，进而影响分断装置的可靠性。
综上，现有技术中提供的方案中，存在分断装置可靠性低的问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种分断装置及逆变器系统，用以在被保护电路发生故障时切断电气连接。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种分断装置，该分断装置串联在被保护电路中，用于在被保护电路发生故障时切断电气连接；该分断装置包括：第一支路，包含串联的过流可 自动分断单元和第一限流单元，过流可自动分断单元用于在流经电流超过分断电流阈值时自动断开，第一限流单元用于对第一支路上的电流进行限流；与第一支路并联的第二支路，包含第一可控式开关单元，第一可控式开关单元的控制端与控制器连接，用于在控制器的控制下断开或吸合；控制器，与第一可控式开关单元的控制端以及被保护电路连接，用于在被保护电路正常工作时控制第一可控式开关单元吸合，在被保护电路发生故障时控制第一可控式开关单元断开。
在第一方面提供的分断装置中，控制器在被保护电路正常工作时控制第一可控式开关单元吸合，此时第一支路和第二支路分流，由于第一限流单元可以起到限流作用，因而第一支路流经的电流值较小，减小流经过流可自动分断单元中的电流可以缓解过流可自动分断单元的发热现象，提高过流可自动分断单元的使用寿命；控制器在被保护电路发生故障时控制第一可控式开关单元断开，此时第二支路断开，流经过流可自动分断单元的电流超过其分断电流阈值，过流可自动分断单元自动断开，从而实现被保护电路的分断。因此，采用分断装置，可以在被保护电路发生故障时切断被保护电路的电气连接。与现有技术提供的方案相比，分断装置中的过流可自动分断单元的发热现象得以缓解，因而第一方面提供的分断装置的可靠性更高。
在一种可能的设计中，控制器与第一支路连接，控制器还用于：在被保护电路上电时，在第一支路两端的电压值小于预设电压值的情况下，控制第一可控式开关单元吸合。
采用上述方案，第一支路两端的电压值即第二支路两端的电压值，在第一支路两端的电压值小于预设电压值的情况下控制第一可控式开关单元吸合，即在第一可控式开关单元两端电压较小的情况下控制第一可控式开关单元吸合，第一可控式开关单元可以零电压吸合或者接近零电压吸合，从而降低对第一可控式开关单元的耐压能力的要求，因而在实现时可以选用规格较小的第一可控式开关单元，从而减小分断装置的占用面积、降低分断装置的成本。
示例性地，第一可控式开关单元为以下任一种，或者为以下任几种的串联或并联组合：继电器；接触器；半导体开关。
示例性地，第一限流单元为以下任一种，或者为以下任几种的串联或并联组合：电阻；二极管；正温度系数PTC热敏电阻；负温度系统NTC热敏电阻。
示例性地，过流可自动分断单元为以下任一种，或者为以下任几种的串联或并联组合：
断路器；熔断器。
此外，控制器还可与第一支路连接，控制器还用于：在第一支路两端的电压值满足预设条件时，控制第一可控式开关单元交替断开和吸合，以清洗第一可控式开关单元。
第一可控式开关单元在零电压或接近零电压的情况下吸合，触点间易形成氧化膜，采用上述方案，在第一支路两端的电压值(即第一可控式开关单元两端的电压值)满足预设条件时，控制第一可控式开关单元交替断开和吸合，可以清洗第一可控式开关单元，从而降低第一可控式开关单元的阻抗，缓解过流可自动分断单元的发热问题。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种分断装置，该分断装置串联在被保护电路中，用于在被保护电路发生故障时切断电气连接；该分断装置包括：第一支路，包含串联的过流可自动分断单元、清洗电路和第一限流单元，过流可自动分断单元用于在流经电流超过分断电流阈值时自动断开，第一限流单元用于对第一支路上的电流进行限流；清洗电路包括并联的第二限流单元和第二可控式开关单元；第二可控式开关单元的控制端与控制器连接， 用于在控制器的控制下断开或吸合；与第一支路并联的第二支路，包含第一可控式开关单元，第一可控式开关单元的控制端与控制器连接，用于在控制器的控制下断开或吸合；控制器，与第一可控式开关单元的控制端、第二可控式开关单元的控制端以及被保护电路连接，用于在被保护电路正常工作时控制第一可控式开关单元吸合、第二可控式开关单元闭合，在被保护电路发生故障时控制第一可控式开关单元断开、第二可控式开关单元闭合。
采用上述方案，在分断装置中，控制器在被保护电路正常工作时控制第一可控式开关单元和第二可控式开关单元吸合，此时第一支路和第二支路分流，由于第一限流单元和清洗电路可以起到限流作用，因而第一支路流经的电流值较小，减小流经过流可自动分断单元中的电流可以缓解过流可自动分断单元的发热现象，提高过流可自动分断单元的使用寿命；控制器在被保护电路发生故障时控制第一可控式开关单元断开、第二可控式开关单元吸合，此时第二支路断开，流经过流可自动分断单元的电流超过其分断电流阈值，过流可自动分断单元自动断开，从而断开被保护电路的电气连接。因此，采用第二方面提供的分断装置，可以在被保护电路发生故障时切断被保护电路的电气连接。与现有技术提供的方案相比，分断装置中过流可自动分断单元的发热现象得以缓解，因而第二方面提供的分断装置的可靠性更高。
其中，第二可控式开关单元的默认状态为吸合状态。
也就是说，在系统正常工作以及被保护电路发生故障时第二可控式开关单元均为吸合状态，只有在对第一可控式开关单元进行清洗时第二可控式开关单元才为断开状态，以实现小电流清洗。
在一种可能的设计中，控制器还用于：在需要清洗第一可控式开关单元时，控制第二可控式开关单元断开，在检测到第一支路两端的电压值满足预设条件的情况下，控制第一可控式开关单元交替断开和吸合。
采用上述方案，在对第一可控式开关单元进行清洗时，不要求系统中流过较大电流：在需要对第一可控式开关单元进行清洗时(即第一支路两端的电压值满足预设条件时)，控制器控制第二可控式开关单元断开，此时第一限流单元和第二限流单元均起到限流作用，因而在第二方面提供的分断装置中，第二支路的分流较大，因而在系统中电流较小的情况下，第一可控式开关单元的电压值更易满足预设条件，从而更易触发对第一可控式开关单元的清洗。
示例性地，第一可控式开关单元为以下任一种，或者为以下任几种的串联或并联组合：继电器；接触器；半导体开关；第二可控式开关单元为以下任一种，或者为以下任几种的串联或并联组合：继电器；接触器；半导体开关。
示例性地，第一限流单元为以下任一种，或者为以下任几种的串联或并联组合：电阻；二极管；正温度系数PTC热敏电阻；负温度系统NTC热敏电阻；第二限流单元为以下任一种，或者为以下任几种的串联或并联组合：电阻；二极管；PTC热敏电阻；NTC热敏电阻。
示例性地，过流可自动分断单元为以下任一种，或者为以下任几种的串联或并联组合：
断路器；熔断器。
此外，控制器还可与第一支路连接，控制器还用于：在被保护电路上电时，在第一支路两端的电压值小于预设电压值的情况下，控制第一可控式开关单元吸合。
采用上述方案，第一支路两端的电压值即第二支路两端的电压值，在第一支路两端的电压值小于预设电压值的情况下控制第一可控式开关单元吸合，即在第一可控式开关单元两端电压较小的情况下控制第一可控式开关单元吸合，第一可控式开关单元可以零电压吸合或者接近零电压吸合，从而降低对第一可控式开关单元的耐压能力的要求，因而在实现时可以选用规格较小的第一可控式开关单元，从而减小分断装置的占用面积、降低分断装置的成本。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供一种逆变器系统，该逆变器系统包括：至少一个直流输入端、至少一个分断装置、母线单元以及DC/AC转换单元；分断装置串接在直流输入端的负极和母线单元的负极之间，直流输入端的正极连接至母线单元的正极；或者，分断装置串接在直流输入端的正极和母线单元的正极之间，直流输入端的负极连接至母线单元的负极；或者，部分直流输入端的负极和母线单元的负极之间串接分断装置，直流输入端的正极连接至母线单元的正极；或者，部分直流输入端的正极和母线单元的正极之间串接分断装置，直流输入端的负极连接至母线单元的负极；或者，部分分断装置串接在直流输入端的负极与母线单元的负极之间，另一部分分段装置串接在直流输入端的正极与母线单元的正极之间；母线单元和DC/AC转换单元相连。
其中，分断装置包括：第一支路，包含串联的过流可自动分断单元和第一限流单元，过流可自动分断单元用于在流经电流超过分断电流阈值时自动断开，第一限流单元用于对第一支路上的电流进行限流；与第一支路并联的第二支路，包含第一可控式开关单元，第一可控式开关单元的控制端与控制器连接，用于在控制器的控制下断开或吸合；控制器，与第一可控式开关单元的控制端连接，用于在逆变器系统正常工作时控制第一可控式开关单元吸合，在逆变器系统发生故障时控制第一可控式开关单元断开。
其中，第一可控式开关单元可以为以下任一种，或者为以下任几种的串联或并联组合：继电器；接触器；半导体开关；第一限流单元可以为以下任一种，或者为以下任几种的串联或并联组合：电阻；二极管；正温度系数PTC热敏电阻；负温度系统NTC热敏电阻；过流可自动分断单元可以为以下任一种，或者为以下任几种的串联或并联组合：断路器；熔断器。
在一种可能的设计中，控制器与第一支路连接，控制器还用于：在第一支路两端的电压值满足预设条件时，控制第一可控式开关单元交替断开和吸合，以清洗第一可控式开关单元。
在一种可能的设计中，第一支路上还包括：清洗电路，清洗电路包括并联的第二限流单元和第二可控式开关单元；第二可控式开关单元的控制端与控制器连接，用于在控制器的控制下断开或吸合；控制器还用于：在逆变器系统正常工作时和逆变器系统发生故障时控制第二可控式开关单元闭合；在需要清洗第一可控式开关单元时，控制第二可控式开关单元断开，在检测到第一支路两端的电压值满足预设条件的情况下，控制第一可控式开关单元交替断开和吸合。
其中，第二可控式开关单元的默认状态为吸合状态。
在一种可能的设计中，该逆变器系统还包括：与至少一个直流输入端一一对应的至少一个DC/DC转换单元，DC/DC转换单元的正输出端与母线单元的正极相连，DC/DC转换单元的负输出端与母线单元的负极相连。
在一种可能的设计中，分断装置串接在直流输入端的负极和DC/DC转换单元的负极输入端之间，直流输入端的正极连接至DC/DC转换单元的正极输入端；或者，分断装置串接在直流输入端的正极和DC/DC转换单元的正极输入端之间，直流输入端的负极连接至DC/DC转换单元的负极输入端；或者，直流输入端的负极和部分DC/DC转换单元的负极输入端之间串接分断装置，直流输入端的正极连接至DC/DC转换单元的正极输入端；或者，直流输入端的正极和部分DC/DC转换单元的正极输入端之间串接分断装置，直流输入端的负极连接至DC/DC转换单元的负极输入端；或者，部分分断装置串接在直流输入端的负极与DC/DC转换单元的负极输入端之间，另一部分分断装置串接在直流输入端的正极与DC/DC转换单元的正极输入端之间。
需要说明的是，第三方面提供的逆变器系统中，分断装置还可采用第一方面或第二方中不同设计方式所提供的方案，此处不再赘述。
另外，第三方面中任一种可能设计方式所带来的技术效果可参见第一方面或第二方面中不同设计方式所带来的技术效果，此处不再赘述。
附图说明
图1为现有技术提供的一种分断装置的结构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种电力系统的结构示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的第一种逆变器系统的结构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的第一种分断装置的结构示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的第二种分断装置的结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的第三种分断装置的结构示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的第四种分断装置的结构示意图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的第五种分断装置的结构示意图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的第二种逆变器系统的结构示意图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的第三种逆变器系统的结构示意图；
图11为本申请实施例提供的第四种逆变器系统的结构示意图；
图12为本申请实施例提供的第五种逆变器系统的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
基于背景技术中提出的问题，本申请实施例提供一种分断装置及逆变器系统，用以在被保护电路发生故障时切断电气连接。
下面，以图2为例对本申请实施例的应用场景进行简单介绍。
本申请实施例可应用于图2所示的电力系统中。如图2所示，该电力系统包含输入端、分断装置以及被保护电路。输入端用于输入电能，例如可以是直流输入端或者交流输入端。分断装置分别与输入端和被保护电路连接，用于在被保护电路发生故障时切断输入端与被保护电路之间的电气连接。其中，分断装置可以视为一个独立的装置，也可以视为被保护电路的一部分。
具体地，分断装置串接在输入端的负极和被保护电路的负极之间，输入端的正极连接至被保护电路的正极；或者，分断装置串接在输入端的正极和被保护电路的正极之间，输 入端的负极连接至被保护电路的负极；或者，部分分断装置串接在输入端的负极与被保护电路的负极之间，另一部分分段装置串接在输入端的正极与被保护电路的正极之间。
在系统正常工作的情况下，输入端向系统输入电能，经分断装置传输至被保护电路，被保护电路可以对输入端的输出电能进行相应处理。比如，被保护电路可以对输入端的直流电进行直流/交流(DC/AC)变换，以输出交流电；比如，被保护电路可以对输入端的直流电进行直流/直流(DC/DC)变换，以输出电压和电流可调的直流电；再比如，被保护电路可以对输入端的交流电进行交流/直流(AC/DC)变换，以输出直流电。
示例性地，图2所示的电力系统可以是逆变器系统。参见图3，该逆变器系统可以包含N个光伏组串、分断装置以及逆变器。其中，每个光伏组串中包含串联的多个光伏电池板；逆变器包含与N个光伏组串一一对应的N个DC/DC转换单元、母线单元(BUS)以及一个DC/AC转换单元。分断装置串接在输入端的负极和被保护电路的负极之间，输入端的正极连接至被保护电路的正极，用于在该DC/DC转换单元发生故障时切断该光伏组串与该DC/DC转换单元之间的电气连接；N个DC/DC转换单元并联接入母线单元，母线单元与DC/AC转换单元连接。
需要说明的是，图3中仅以逆变器系统包含一个分断装置为例进行示意。实际应用中，该逆变器系统中也可以设置N个分断装置，N个分断装置分别对N个DC/DC转换单元进行保护。也就是说，在逆变器系统中，设置的分断装置数量可以和DC/DC转换单元数量不一致。此外，在图3的示例中，分断装置位于电源负线上，实际应用中，分断装置也可以位于电源正线上，或者可以在电源正线和电源负线上均设置分断装置，本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请作进一步地详细描述。
需要说明的是，本申请中所涉及的多个，是指两个或两个以上。另外，需要理解的是，在本申请的描述中，“第一”、“第二”等词汇，仅用于区分描述的目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性，也不能理解为指示或暗示顺序。
参见图4，为本申请实施例提供的一种分断装置的结构示意图。图4所示的分断装置400包括控制器401以及并联的第一支路以及与第一支路并联的第二支路，分断装置400串联在被保护电路中，用于在被保护电路发生故障时切断电气连接。
第一支路包含串联的过流可自动分断单元402和第一限流单元403，过流可自动分断单元402用于在流经电流超过分断电流阈值时自动断开，第一限流单元403用于对第一支路上的电流进行限流；
第二支路包含第一可控式开关单元404，第一可控式开关单元404的控制端与控制器401连接，用于在控制器401的控制下断开或吸合；
控制器401与第一可控式开关单元404的控制端以及被保护电路连接，用于在被保护电路正常工作时控制第一可控式开关单元404吸合，在被保护电路发生故障时控制第一可控式开关单元404断开。
需要说明的是，控制器401在被保护电路正常工作时控制第一可控式开关单元404吸合，是指控制器401在被保护电路未处于待机状态且未发生故障时控制第一可控式开关单 元404吸合。若被保护电路处于待机状态，则控制器401可以控制第一可控式开关单元404断开，以节省资源。
本申请实施例中，分断装置400用于在被保护电路发生故障时切断电气连接；具体地，分断装置400的一端可以与直流输入端连接，另一端与被保护电路连接，用于在被保护电路发生故障时切断直流输入端和被保护电路之间的电气连接；分断装置400的一端可以与交流输入端连接，另一端与被保护电路连接，用于在被保护电路发生故障时切断交流输入端和被保护电路之间的电气连接。
示例性地，过流可自动分断单元402可以为断路器或熔断器，也可以是上述几种器件的组合；在几种器件组合时，对组合中每种器件的数量不做具体限定(例如可以包含一个断路器和一个熔断器，可以包含一个断路器和多个熔断器，可以包含多个断路器和一个熔断器，也可以包含多个断路器和多个熔断器)，对上述器件的连接方式也不做具体限定(例如可以串联也可以并联，或者可以串并联结合)，只要过流可自动分断单元402可以在流经自身的电流超过分断电流阈值时自动分断即可。
示例性地，第一限流单元403可以为电阻、二极管、正温度系数(positive temperature coefficient，PTC)热敏电阻或负温度系统(negative temperature coefficient，NTC)热敏电阻等，也可以是上述几种器件的组合；在几种器件组合时，对组合中包含的器件类型和每种器件的数量不做具体限定(例如可以包含一个电阻和一个二极管，可以包含多个电阻和一个PTC热敏电阻，或者包含多个电阻和多个NTC热敏电阻)，对器件的连接方式也不做具体限定(例如可以串联也可以并联，或者可以串并联结合)，只要第一限流单元403可以起到限流作用即可。由于第一限流单元403与过流可自动分断单元402串联在第一支路上，因而第一限流单元403可以在系统正常工作时与过流可自动分断单元402分压，从而减小流经过流可自动分断单元402的电流，从而缓解过流可自动分断单元402的发热现象，提高过流可自动分断单元402的使用寿命。
示例性地，第一可控式开关单元404可以为继电器、接触器或半导体开关，也可以是上述三种器件的组合。在几种器件组合时，对组合中包含的器件类型和每种器件的数量不做具体限定(例如，可以包含一个继电器和一个接触器，可以包含一个继电器和多个半导体开关，可以包含多个继电器和多个接触器，或者包含多个接触器和一个半导体开关)，对器件的连接方式也不做具体限定(例如可以串联也可以并联，或者可以串并联结合)，只要第一可控式开关单元404可以在控制器401的控制下吸合或断开即可。第一可控式开关单元404的控制端与控制器401连接，其含义可以是：当第一可控式开关单元404中仅包含一个器件时，该器件的控制端与控制器401连接；当第一可控式开关单元404为上述几种器件的组合时，这些器件的控制端均与控制器401连接。
在本申请实施例提供的分断装置400中，控制器401在被保护电路正常工作时控制第一可控式开关单元404吸合，此时第一支路和第二支路分流，由于第一限流单元403可以起到限流作用，因而第一支路流经的电流值较小，减小流经过流可自动分断单元402中的电流可以缓解过流可自动分断单元402的发热现象，提高过流可自动分断单元402的使用寿命；控制器401在被保护电路发生故障时控制第一可控式开关单元404断开，此时第二支路断开，电流全部流过过流可自动分断单元402，流经过流可自动分断单元402的电流超过其分断电流阈值，过流可自动分断单元402自动断开，从而切断被保护电路的电气连接。
本申请实施例中，控制器401还可与第一支路连接，控制器401还用于在被保护电路上电时，在第一支路两端的电压值小于预设电压值的情况下，控制第一可控式开关单元404吸合。
在上述实现方式中，第一支路两端的电压值即第二支路两端的电压值，在第一支路两端的电压值小于预设电压值的情况下控制第一可控式开关单元404吸合，即在第一可控式开关单元404两端电压较小的情况下控制第一可控式开关单元404吸合，第一可控式开关单元404可以零电压吸合或者接近零电压吸合。采用上述方案，可以降低对第一可控式开关单元404的耐压能力的要求，因而在实现时可以选用规格较小的第一可控式开关单元404，从而减小分断装置400的占用面积、降低分断装置400的成本。
此外，在分断装置400中，第一可控式开关单元404通常是在零电压或接近零电压的情况下吸合，因而第一可控式开关单元404的触点间易形成氧化膜，久而久之，触点间形成的氧化膜使得第一可控式开关单元404的阻抗逐渐增大，从而导致第一支路的分流逐渐增大，使得过流可自动分断单元402的发热严重。
为了解决上述问题，控制器401还可与第一支路连接，控制器401还用于：在第一支路两端的电压值满足预设条件时，控制第一可控式开关单元404交替断开和吸合，以清洗第一可控式开关单元404。
在实际应用中，在可控式开关单元两端的电压处于某一预设范围(例如10V～25V)时控制可控式开关单元交替断开和吸合(即在可控式开关单元的触点间进行轻微拉弧)，可以破坏可控式开关单元触点间形成的氧化膜，从而达到清洗可控式开关单元的目的。那么，应用在本申请实施例中，可以在第一支路两端的电压值(即第一可控式开关单元404两端的电压值)满足预设条件时，控制第一可控式开关单元404交替断开和吸合，以清洗第一可控式开关单元404；对第一可控式开关单元404进行清洗后，可以降低第一可控式开关单元404的阻抗，从而缓解过流可自动分断单元402的发热问题。
综上所述，在分断装置400中，控制器401在被保护电路正常工作时控制第一可控式开关单元404吸合，此时第一支路和第二支路分流，由于第一限流单元403可以起到限流作用，因而第一支路流经的电流值较小，减小流经过流可自动分断单元402中的电流可以缓解过流可自动分断单元402的发热现象，提高过流可自动分断单元402的使用寿命；控制器401在被保护电路发生故障时控制第一可控式开关单元404断开，此时第二支路断开，流经过流可自动分断单元402的电流超过其分断电流阈值，过流可自动分断单元402自动断开，从而实现被保护电路的分断。因此，采用分断装置400，可以在被保护电路发生故障时切断被保护电路的电气连接。与现有技术提供的方案相比，分断装置400中的过流可自动分断单元402的发热现象得以缓解，因而本申请实施例提供的方案的可靠性更高。
本申请实施例还提供一种分断装置，用于在被保护电路发生故障时切断电气连接。参见图5，该分断装置500包括控制器501以及并联的第一支路和第二支路。
第一支路包含串联的过流可自动分断单元502、第一限流单元503和清洗电路505，过流可自动分断单元502用于在流经电流超过分断电流阈值时自动断开，第一限流单元503用于对第一支路上的电流进行限流；清洗电路505包括并联的第二限流单元和第二可控式开关单元；第二可控式开关单元的控制端与控制器501连接，用于在控制器501的控制下断开或吸合。
与第一支路并联的第二支路包含第一可控式开关单元504，第一可控式开关单元504的控制端与控制器501连接，用于在控制器501的控制下断开或吸合。
控制器501与第一可控式开关单元504的控制端、第二可控式开关单元的控制端以及被保护电路连接，用于在被保护电路正常工作时控制第一可控式开关单元504吸合、第二可控式开关单元吸合，在被保护电路发生故障时控制第一可控式开关单元504断开、第二可控式开关单元吸合。
需要说明的是，控制器501在被保护电路正常工作时控制第一可控式开关单元404和第二可控式开关单元吸合，是指控制器401在被保护电路未处于待机状态且未发生故障时控制第一可控式开关单元404和第二可控式开关单元吸合。若被保护电路处于待机状态，则控制器401可以控制第一可控式开关单元404和第二可控式开关单元断开，以节省资源。
本申请实施例中，分断装置500用于在被保护电路发生故障时切断电气连接；具体地，分断装置500的一端可以与直流输入端连接，另一端与被保护电路连接，用于在被保护电路发生故障时切断直流输入端和被保护电路之间的电气连接；分断装置500的一端可以与交流输入端连接，另一端与被保护电路连接，用于在被保护电路发生故障时切断交流输入端和被保护电路之间的电气连接。
此外，在分断装置500中，第一可控式开关单元504和第二可控式开关单元的器件选择可以参照分断装置400中第一可控式开关单元404的器件选择；过流可自动分断单元502的器件选择可以参照分断装置400中的过流可自动分断单元402的器件选择；第一限流单元503和第二限流单元的器件选择可以参照分断装置400中的第一限流单元403的器件选择，此处均不再赘述。
不难理解，与现有技术相比，图5所示的分断装置500中，第一支路上串联的清洗电路505和第一限流单元503均可以起到限流作用，从而可以减小第一支路上的电流，缓解过流可自动分断单元502的发热现象，从而提高过流可自动分断单元502的寿命。
此外，在图5所示的分断装置500中，控制器501还用于：在需要清洗第一可控式开关单元504时，控制第二可控式开关单元断开，在检测到第一支路两端的电压值满足预设条件的情况下，控制第一可控式开关单元504交替断开和吸合。
在图4所示的分断装置400的清洗方式中，由于第一可控式开关单元404的内阻较小，因而要使得第一支路两端的电压(即第一可控式开关单元404两端的电压)满足预设条件，例如10V～25V，第一可控式开关单元404中要流过较大电流，因而也要求与分断装置400连接的直流输入端(或交流输入端)输出较大的电流才可实现清洗。
为了解决上述问题，本申请实施例提供了图5所示的分断装置500。采用分断装置500，在对第一可控式开关单元504进行清洗时，不要求系统中流过较大电流。在图5所示的分断装置500中，第二可控式开关单元的默认状态可以为吸合状态。即，在系统正常工作以及被保护电路发生故障时第二可控式开关单元均为吸合状态，只有在对第一可控式开关单元504进行清洗时第二可控式开关单元才为断开状态，以实现小电流清洗。具体实现时，第二可控式开关单元的吸合或断开可以由控制器501控制。
那么，在被保护电路正常工作时，第一可控式开关单元504和第二可控式开关单元均吸合，此时第一支路和第二支路分流，第一限流单元503和清洗电路505起到限流作用，因而第一支路流经的电流值较小，从而缓解过流可自动分断单元502的发热现象；在被保护电路发生故障时控制第一可控式开关单元504断开、第二可控式开关单元吸合，此时第 二支路断开，电流全部流过过流可自动分断单元502，过流可自动分断单元502自动断开。特别地，在需要对第一可控式开关单元504进行清洗时(即第一支路两端的电压值满足预设条件时)，控制器501控制第二可控式开关单元断开，此时第一限流单元503和第二限流单元均起到限流作用，因而与图4所示的分断装置400相比，在图5所示的分断装置500中，第二支路的分流较大，因而在系统中电流较小的情况下，第一可控式开关单元504的电压值更易满足预设条件，从而更易触发对第一可控式开关单元504的清洗。
此外，在图5所示的分断装置500中，在系统正常工作时，由于清洗电路505和第一限流单元503均可起到限流作用，因而第一限流单元503可以选取较小的阻值。那么，在被保护电路发生故障后，第一可控式开关单元504断开，此时电流全部流经第一支路，由于第一支路的阻值较小(第一限流单元503可以选取较小阻值)，第一支路两端的电压(即第一可控式开关单元504断开时承受的电压)也较小，因而第一可控式开关单元504可选取较小的规格，从而降低成本。
再者，在图5所示的分断装置500中，在对第一可控式开关单元504进行清洗时，由于第一支路中串联有第一限流单元503和第二限流单元两个限流单元，因而流经第一支路的电流较小，过流可自动分断单元502的发热情况得以进一步减弱，从而在清洗过程中尽可能地保护过流可自动分断单元502。
在一种可能的实现方式中，控制器501还可与第一支路连接，控制器501还用于：在被保护电路上电时，在第一支路两端的电压值小于预设电压值的情况下，控制第一可控式开关单元504吸合。这样的话，第一可控式开关单元504可以零电压吸合或者接近零电压吸合，从而降低对第一可控式开关单元504的耐压能力的要求，因而在实现时可以选用规格较小的第一可控式开关单元504，从而减小分断装置500的占用面积、降低分断装置500的成本。
综上所述，在分断装置500中，控制器501在被保护电路正常工作时控制第一可控式开关单元504和第二可控式开关单元吸合，此时第一支路和第二支路分流，由于第一限流单元503和清洗电路505可以起到限流作用，因而第一支路流经的电流值较小，减小流经过流可自动分断单元502中的电流可以缓解过流可自动分断单元502的发热现象，提高过流可自动分断单元502的使用寿命；控制器501在被保护电路发生故障时控制第一可控式开关单元504断开、第二可控式开关单元吸合，此时第二支路断开，流经过流可自动分断单元502的电流超过其分断电流阈值，过流可自动分断单元502自动断开，从而断开被保护电路的电气连接。因此，采用分断装置500，可以在被保护电路发生故障时切断被保护电路的电气连接。与现有技术提供的方案相比，分断装置500中过流可自动分断单元502的发热现象得以缓解，因而本申请实施例提供的方案的可靠性更高。
下面，分别通过三个具体示例对本申请实施例提供的分断装置进行详细介绍。需要说明的是，图6～图8所提供的分断装置可以视为分断装置400或分断装置500的具体示例。
示例一
参见图6，为本申请实施例提供的一种分断装置。该分断装置串联在直流输入端与被保护电路之间，在被保护电路发生故障时，分断装置将直流输入端和被保护电路之间的电气连接断开。
图6所示的分断装置包括熔丝、限流电阻、继电器和控制器。其中，熔丝和限流电阻串联后、再与继电器并联；控制器用于控制继电器吸合或断开。
图6所示的分断装置的工作原理如下：正常工作时，控制器控制继电器吸合，电流通过熔丝和限流电阻串联支路以及继电器支路这两条支路进行分流，因熔丝和限流电阻串联支路的阻抗可以远大于继电器支路的阻抗，因而绝大部分电流通过继电器流过，只有非常小的电流流过熔丝，因而熔丝不易发热，可以提高熔丝的寿命。被保护电路发生短路故障时，控制器控制继电器断开，电流流过熔丝和限流电阻串联支路，此时继电器触点两端电压很低，继电器低压分断。待继电器彻底分断后，流过熔丝的电流远大于熔丝规格(即熔丝的分断电流阈值)，熔丝自动熔断，从而断开直流输入端和被保护电路之间的电气连接，起到对被保护电路的保护作用。
此外，在同流电流的情况下，控制器可检测熔丝和限流电阻串联支路两端的电压，当电压达到预定值时，控制器可以控制继电器交替吸合或断开，对继电器触点间形成的氧化膜进行清洗，降低继电器的接触阻抗。
下面以一个具体示例对图6所示的分断装置的工作过程和技术效果进行说明。
首先对分断装置中的一些参数进行说明：直流输入端输出的直流电规格为1500V-50A；限流电阻的阻值为5Ω，熔丝规格为1500V-5A，继电器规格为250V-30A；继电器的接触阻抗为5mΩ，熔丝的阻抗为71mΩ。
在该分断装置未加入限流电阻的情况(即现有技术的情况)下，系统正常工作时，熔丝和继电器两个支路进行分流，熔丝分流为50A*5mΩ/(5mΩ+71mΩ)≈3.28A，此时熔丝功耗达到0.76W，发热严重；若加入5Ω的限流电阻，熔丝分流为50A*5mΩ/(5mΩ+71mΩ+5Ω)≈0.049A，此时熔丝功耗只有0.00017W，几乎无发热问题。
在图6所示的分断装置中，被保护电路发生短路故障时，控制器控制继电器断开，电流转向熔丝和限流电阻串联支路，支路两端电压为50A*(71mΩ+5Ω)≈250V，继电器在熔丝熔断之前完成分断，继电器分断过程的电压始终为250V，满足继电器250V的规格，可以保证继电器可靠分断。继电器分断后，熔丝按照规格熔断时间熔断。
此外，控制器检测到熔丝和限流电阻串联支路的电压在10V～25V之间时，可以控制继电器交替吸合或者断开，进行触点间的轻微拉弧，以消除继电器触点两端长时间形成的氧化膜，降低继电器的接触阻抗，缓解熔丝的发热。
需要说明的是，图6所示的分断装置可以视为分断装置400的一个具体示例。图6所示的分断装置中未详尽描述的实现方式和技术效果，可参见分断装置400中的相关描述。
示例二
参见图7，为本申请实施例提供的一种分断装置。该分断装置串联在直流输入端与被保护电路之间，在被保护电路发生故障时，分断装置将直流输入端和被保护电路之间的电气连接断开。
图7所示的分断装置包括熔丝、二极管、继电器和控制器。其中，熔丝和二极管串联后、再与继电器并联；控制器用于控制继电器吸合或断开。
图7所示的分断装置的工作原理如下：正常工作时，控制器控制继电器吸合，电流通过熔丝和二极管串联支路以及继电器支路两条支路进行分流，因熔丝和二极管串联支路的导通压降作用在继电器支路上，此时，绝大部分电流通过继电器流过，只有非常小的电流流过熔丝，因而熔丝不易发热，可以提高熔丝的寿命。被保护电路发生短路故障时，控制 器控制继电器断开，电流流过熔丝和二极管串联支路，此时继电器触点两端电压很低，继电器低压分断。待继电器彻底分断后，流过熔丝的电流远大于熔丝规格(即熔丝的分断电流阈值)，熔丝自动熔断，从而断开直流输入端和被保护电路之间的电气连接，起到对被保护电路的保护作用。
此外，熔丝可以和多个二极管串联，再与继电器并联；在同流电流的情况下，控制器可检测熔丝和二极管串联支路两端的电压，当电压达到预定值时，控制器可以控制继电器交替吸合或断开，对继电器触点间形成的氧化膜进行清洗，降低继电器的接触阻抗。
下面以一个具体示例对图7所示的分断装置的工作过程和技术效果进行说明。
首先对分断装置中的一些参数进行说明：直流输入端输出的直流电规格为1500V-50A；二极管的导通压降为0.2V，熔丝规格为1500V-5A，继电器规格为30V-30A；继电器的接触阻抗为5mΩ，熔丝的阻抗为71mΩ。
在该分断装置未加入二极管的情况(即现有技术的情况)下，系统正常工作时，熔丝和继电器两个支路进行分流，熔丝分流为50A*5mΩ/(5mΩ+71mΩ)≈3.28A，此时熔丝功耗达到0.76W，发热严重；若加入导通压降为0.2V的二极管，假设熔丝分流为I，通过两条支路的电压相等可以推导出0.2V+71mΩ*I＝(50A-I)*5mΩ，由此计算出I＝0.65A，此时熔丝功耗只有0.03W，几乎无发热问题。
在图7所示的分断装置中，电路故障时，控制器控制继电器断开，电流转向熔丝和二极管串联支路，支路两端电压为50A*71mΩ+0.2V≈3.75V，继电器在熔丝熔断之前完成分断，继电器分断过程的电压始终为3.75V，满足继电器30V的规格，可以保证继电器可靠分断。继电器分断后，熔丝按照规格熔断时间熔断。
此外，若熔丝与多个二极管串联，控制器检测到熔丝和二极管串联支路的电压在10V～25V之间时，可以控制继电器交替吸合或者断开，进行触点间的轻微拉弧，以消除继电器触点两端长时间形成的氧化膜，降低继电器的接触阻抗，缓解熔丝的发热。
需要说明的是，图7所示的分断装置可以视为分断装置400的一个具体示例。图7所示的分断装置中未详尽描述的实现方式和技术效果，可参见分断装置400中的相关描述。
示例三
参见图8，为本申请实施例提供的一种分断装置。该分断装置串联在直流输入端与被保护电路之间，在被保护电路发生故障时，分断装置将直流输入端和被保护电路之间的电气连接断开。
图8所示的分断装置包括熔丝、去氧化膜电路、第一继电器、控制器、第一限流电阻。去氧化膜电路采用第二继电器和第二限流电阻并联构成，第二继电器采用常闭型继电器。其中，熔丝、第一限流电阻、去氧化膜电路串联后、再与第一继电器并联；控制器用于控制第一继电器吸合或断开，以及控制第二继电器吸合或断开。
其中，去氧化膜电路为前述清洗电路的一个具体示例。
图8所示的分断装置的工作原理如下：正常工作时，控制器控制第一继电器吸合，电流通过熔丝、去氧化膜电路、第一限流电阻串联支路和第一继电器支路这两条支路进行分流，因熔丝、第一限流电阻、去氧化膜电路串联支路的电阻远大于第一继电器的接触电阻，此时，绝大部分电流通过第一继电器流过，只有非常小的电流流过熔丝，因而熔丝不易发热，可以提高熔丝的寿命。被保护电路发生短路故障时，控制器控制第一继电器断开，电流流过熔丝、第一限流电阻、去氧化膜电路串联支路，此时第一继电器触点两端电压很低， 第一继电器低压分断，因而可以选用低电压规格的第一继电器，降低成本。待第一继电器彻底分断后，流过熔丝的电流远大于熔丝规格(即熔丝的分断电流阈值)，熔丝自动熔断，从而断开直流输入端和被保护电路之间的电气连接，起到对被保护电路的保护作用。
此外，控制器可以控制第二继电器断开、第一继电器断开，将第二限流电阻、第一限流电阻和熔丝串联，增大熔丝、第一限流电阻、去氧化膜电路串联支路的阻抗，从而在直流输入端输出较小电流的情况下，提高第一继电器触点两端的电压，当电压达到10V～25V时，控制器可以控制第一继电器交替吸合或断开，对第一继电器触点间形成的氧化膜进行清洗，降低第一继电器的接触阻抗。
下面以一个具体示例对图8所示的分断装置的工作过程和技术效果进行说明。
首先对分断装置中的一些参数进行说明：直流输入端输出的直流电规格为1500V-50A；第一限流电阻为0.3Ω，第二限流电阻为2000Ω，熔丝规格为1500V-5A，第一继电器规格为30V-30A，第二继电器规格为30V-5A；第一继电器和第二继电器的接触阻抗均为5mΩ，熔丝的阻抗为71mΩ。第二继电器为常闭继电器。
在该分断装置未加入第一限流电阻和去氧化膜电路的情况(即现有技术的情况)下，系统正常工作时，熔丝和第一义继电器两个支路进行分流，熔丝分流为50A*5mΩ/(5mΩ+71mΩ)≈3.28A，此时熔丝功耗达到0.76W，发热严重；若加入第一限流电阻和去氧化膜电路，熔丝分流为50A*5mΩ/(5mΩ+71mΩ+0.3Ω)≈0.66A，此时熔丝功耗只有0.031W，几乎无发热问题。
在图8所示的分断装置中，被保护电路发生短路故障时，控制器控制第一继电器断开，电流转向熔丝、第一限流电阻、去氧化膜电路串联支路，支路两端电压为50A*(71mΩ+5mΩ+0.3Ω)＝18.8V，第一继电器在熔丝熔断之前完成分断，第一继电器分断过程的电压始终为18.8V，满足第一继电器30V的规格，可以保证第一继电器可靠分断。分断后，熔丝按照规格熔断时间熔断。
此外，控制器可以控制第二继电器断开、第一继电器断开，将第二限流电阻、第一限流电阻和熔丝串联，增大熔丝、第一限流电阻、去氧化膜电路串联支路的阻抗，在通小电流(例如5mA～10mA)的情况下，可将第一继电器触点两端的电压提升到10V～25V之间，此时控制器可以控制第一继电器交替吸合或断开，进行触点间的轻微拉弧，以消除继电器触点两端长时间形成的氧化膜，降低继电器的阻抗，缓解熔丝的发热。
需要说明的是，图8所示的分断装置可以视为分断装置500的一个具体示例。图8所示的分断装置中未详尽描述的实现方式和技术效果，可参见分断装置500中的相关描述。
同样需要说明的是，图6～图8所示的分断装置仅为本申请实施例的具体示例。在实际应用中，本申请实施例提供的分断装置不限于上述三种。比如，可以在图6所示的分断装置中熔丝和限流电阻串联支路中再串联一个或多个二极管，形成另一种分断装置；比如，可以在图7所示的分断装置中熔丝和二极管串联支路中再串联一个或多个限流电阻，形成另一种分断装置；再比如，可以将图8所示的分断装置中的第一限流电阻替换成二极管，形成另一种分断装置，这些分断装置均可以视为本申请实施例提供的分断装置，其具体工作原理可以参照图6～图8所示的分断装置中的分析方式进行分析，此处不再赘述。
基于同一发明构思，本申请实施例还提供一种逆变器系统。该逆变器系统可以视为图2所示的电力系统的一个具体示例。参见图9，该逆变器系统包含至少一个直流输入端、 至少一个分断装置、母线单元以及DC/AC转换单元；其中，分断装置串接在直流输入端的负极和母线单元的负极之间，直流输入端的正极连接至母线单元的正极；或者，分断装置串接在直流输入端的正极和母线单元的正极之间，直流输入端的负极连接至母线单元的负极；或者，部分直流输入端的负极和母线单元的负极之间串接分断装置，直流输入端的正极连接至母线单元的正极；或者，部分直流输入端的正极和母线单元的正极之间串接分断装置，直流输入端的负极连接至母线单元的负极；或者，部分分断装置串接在直流输入端的负极与母线单元的负极之间，另一部分分段装置串接在直流输入端的正极与母线单元的正极之间；母线单元和DC/AC转换单元相连。具体地，图10中仅以分断装置串接在直流输入端的负极和母线单元的负极之间为例进行示意。
具体地，分断装置可以包括：第一支路，包含串联的过流可自动分断单元和第一限流单元，过流可自动分断单元用于在流经电流超过分断电流阈值时自动断开，第一限流单元用于对第一支路上的电流进行限流；与第一支路并联的第二支路，包含第一可控式开关单元，第一可控式开关单元的控制端与控制器连接，用于在控制器的控制下断开或吸合；控制器，与第一可控式开关单元的控制端连接，用于在逆变器系统正常工作时控制第一可控式开关单元吸合，在逆变器系统发生故障时控制第一可控式开关单元断开。
此外，图9所示的逆变器系统还可以包括与至少一个直流输入端一一对应的至少一个DC/DC转换单元，如图10所示，DC/DC转换单元的正输出端与母线单元的正极相连，DC/DC转换单元的负输出端与母线单元的负极相连。
其中，分断装置串接在直流输入端的负极和DC/DC转换单元的负极输入端之间，直流输入端的正极连接至DC/DC转换单元的正极输入端；或者，分断装置串接在直流输入端的正极和DC/DC转换单元的正极输入端之间，直流输入端的负极连接至DC/DC转换单元的负极输入端；或者，直流输入端的负极和部分DC/DC转换单元的负极输入端之间串接分断装置，直流输入端的正极连接至DC/DC转换单元的正极输入端；或者，直流输入端的正极和部分DC/DC转换单元的正极输入端之间串接分断装置，直流输入端的负极连接至DC/DC转换单元的负极输入端；或者，部分分断装置串接在直流输入端的负极与DC/DC转换单元的负极输入端之间，另一部分分断装置串接在直流输入端的正极与DC/DC转换单元的正极输入端之间。
需要说明的是，在图9和图10的示例中，均以逆变器系统中包含一个分断装置为例进行示意。实际应用中，逆变器系统中可以包含一个或多个分断装置。例如对于图10所示的逆变器系统，可以针对每一个DC/DC转换单元均设置一个分断装置，这样设置后，逆变器系统的结构可以如图11所示。此外，还可以在电源正线和电源负线上均设置分断装置。
在逆变器系统的分断装置中，第一可控式开关单元为以下任一种，或者为以下任几种的串联或并联组合：继电器；接触器；半导体开关；第一限流单元为以下任一种，或者为以下任几种的串联或并联组合：电阻；二极管；PTC热敏电阻；NTC热敏电阻；过流可自动分断单元为以下任一种，或者为以下任几种的串联或并联组合：断路器；熔断器。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在分断装置中，控制器与第一支路连接，控制器还用于：在第一支路两端的电压值满足预设条件时，控制第一可控式开关单元交替断开和吸合，以清洗第一可控式开关单元。
此外，第一支路上还可以包括：清洗电路，清洗电路包括并联的第二限流单元和第二可控式开关单元；第二可控式开关单元的控制端与控制器连接，用于在控制器的控制下断开或吸合；控制器还用于：在需要清洗第一可控式开关单元时，控制第二可控式开关单元断开，在检测到第一支路两端的电压值满足预设条件的情况下，控制第一可控式开关单元交替断开和吸合。
其中，第二可控式开关单元的默认状态为吸合状态。
需要说明的是，图9～图11所示的逆变器系统中，分断装置的其他实现形式和技术效果可参见分断装置400或分断装置500中的相关描述，此处不再赘述。
当然，实际应用中，逆变器系统的形式多种多样，无论采用何种形式，均可采用本申请实施例提供的分断装置400或分断装置500对逆变器系统进行保护。示例性地，在图12所示的逆变器系统中也可以加入本申请实施例提供的分断装置400或分断装置500，在逆变器系统发生短路故障时，通过分断装置400或分断装置500切断电池板组串的直流供电，从而对逆变器系统起到保护作用。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种分断装置，其特征在于，所述分断装置串联在被保护电路中，用于在所述被保护电路发生故障时切断电气连接；所述分断装置包括：
    第一支路，包含串联的过流可自动分断单元和第一限流单元，所述过流可自动分断单元用于在流经电流超过分断电流阈值时自动断开，所述第一限流单元用于对所述第一支路上的电流进行限流；
    与所述第一支路并联的第二支路，包含第一可控式开关单元，所述第一可控式开关单元的控制端与控制器连接，用于在所述控制器的控制下断开或吸合；
    所述控制器，与所述第一可控式开关单元的控制端以及所述被保护电路连接，用于在所述被保护电路正常工作时控制所述第一可控式开关单元吸合，在所述被保护电路发生故障时控制所述第一可控式开关单元断开。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的分断装置，其特征在于，所述控制器与所述第一支路连接，所述控制器还用于：
    在所述被保护电路上电时，在所述第一支路两端的电压值小于预设电压值的情况下，控制所述第一可控式开关单元吸合。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的分断装置，其特征在于，所述第一可控式开关单元为以下任一种，或者为以下任几种的串联或并联组合：
    继电器；接触器；半导体开关。
  4. 如权利要求1～3任一项所述的分断装置，其特征在于，所述第一限流单元为以下任一种，或者为以下任几种的串联或并联组合：
    电阻；二极管；正温度系数PTC热敏电阻；负温度系统NTC热敏电阻。
  5. 如权利要求1～4任一项所述的分断装置，其特征在于，所述过流可自动分断单元为以下任一种，或者为以下任几种的串联或并联组合：
    断路器；熔断器。
  6. 如权利要求1～5任一项所述的分断装置，其特征在于，所述控制器与所述第一支路连接，所述控制器还用于：
    在所述第一支路两端的电压值满足预设条件时，控制所述第一可控式开关单元交替断开和吸合，以清洗所述第一可控式开关单元。
  7. 一种分断装置，其特征在于，所述分断装置串联在被保护电路中，用于在所述被保护电路发生故障时切断电气连接；所述分断装置包括：
    第一支路，包含串联的过流可自动分断单元、清洗电路和第一限流单元，所述过流可自动分断单元用于在流经电流超过分断电流阈值时自动断开，所述第一限流单元用于对所述第一支路上的电流进行限流；所述清洗电路包括并联的第二限流单元和第二可控式开关单元；所述第二可控式开关单元的控制端与控制器连接，用于在所述控制器的控制下断开或吸合；
    与所述第一支路并联的第二支路，包含第一可控式开关单元，所述第一可控式开关单元的控制端与所述控制器连接，用于在所述控制器的控制下断开或吸合；
    所述控制器，与所述第一可控式开关单元的控制端、所述第二可控式开关单元的控制端以及所述被保护电路连接，用于在所述被保护电路正常工作时控制所述第一可控式开关 单元吸合、所述第二可控式开关单元闭合，在所述被保护电路发生故障时控制所述第一可控式开关单元断开、所述第二可控式开关单元闭合。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的分断装置，其特征在于，所述控制器还用于：在需要清洗所述第一可控式开关单元时，控制所述第二可控式开关单元断开，在检测到所述第一支路两端的电压值满足预设条件的情况下，控制所述第一可控式开关单元交替断开和吸合。
  9. 如权利要求7或8所述的分断装置，其特征在于，所述第二可控式开关单元的默认状态为吸合状态。
  10. 如权利要求7～9任一项所述的分断装置，其特征在于，所述第一可控式开关单元为以下任一种，或者为以下任几种的串联或并联组合：继电器；接触器；半导体开关；
    所述第二可控式开关单元为以下任一种，或者为以下任几种的串联或并联组合：继电器；接触器；半导体开关。
  11. 如权利要求7～10任一项所述的分断装置，其特征在于，所述第一限流单元为以下任一种，或者为以下任几种的串联或并联组合：电阻；二极管；正温度系数PTC热敏电阻；负温度系统NTC热敏电阻；
    所述第二限流单元为以下任一种，或者为以下任几种的串联或并联组合：电阻；二极管；PTC热敏电阻；NTC热敏电阻。
  12. 如权利要求7～11任一项所述的分断装置，其特征在于，所述过流可自动分断单元为以下任一种，或者为以下任几种的串联或并联组合：
    断路器；熔断器。
  13. 如权利要求7～12任一项所述的分断装置，其特征在于，所述控制器与所述第一支路连接，所述控制器还用于：
    在所述被保护电路上电时，在所述第一支路两端的电压值小于预设电压值的情况下，控制所述第一可控式开关单元吸合。
  14. 一种逆变器系统，其特征在于，包括：至少一个直流输入端、至少一个分断装置、母线单元以及DC/AC转换单元；
    其中，所述分断装置串接在所述直流输入端的负极和所述母线单元的负极之间，所述直流输入端的正极连接至所述母线单元的正极；或者，所述分断装置串接在所述直流输入端的正极和所述母线单元的正极之间，所述直流输入端的负极连接至所述母线单元的负极；或者，部分直流输入端的负极和所述母线单元的负极之间串接所述分断装置，所述直流输入端的正极连接至所述母线单元的正极；或者，部分直流输入端的正极和所述母线单元的正极之间串接所述分断装置，所述直流输入端的负极连接至所述母线单元的负极；或者，部分分断装置串接在所述直流输入端的负极与所述母线单元的负极之间，另一部分分段装置串接在所述直流输入端的正极与所述母线单元的正极之间；所述母线单元和所述DC/AC转换单元相连；
    所述分断装置包括：第一支路，包含串联的过流可自动分断单元和第一限流单元，所述过流可自动分断单元用于在流经电流超过分断电流阈值时自动断开，所述第一限流单元用于对所述第一支路上的电流进行限流；与所述第一支路并联的第二支路，包含第一可控式开关单元，所述第一可控式开关单元的控制端与控制器连接，用于在所述控制器的控制下断开或吸合；所述控制器，与所述第一可控式开关单元的控制端连接，用于在所述逆变器系统正常工作时控制所述第一可控式开关单元吸合，在所述逆变器系统发生故障时控制 所述第一可控式开关单元断开。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的逆变器系统，其特征在于，所述第一可控式开关单元为以下任一种，或者为以下任几种的串联或并联组合：继电器；接触器；半导体开关；所述第一限流单元为以下任一种，或者为以下任几种的串联或并联组合：电阻；二极管；正温度系数PTC热敏电阻；负温度系统NTC热敏电阻；所述过流可自动分断单元为以下任一种，或者为以下任几种的串联或并联组合：断路器；熔断器。
  16. 如权利要求14或15所述的逆变器系统，其特征在于，所述控制器与所述第一支路连接，所述控制器还用于：
    在所述第一支路两端的电压值满足预设条件时，控制所述第一可控式开关单元交替断开和吸合，以清洗所述第一可控式开关单元。
  17. 如权利要求14或15所述的逆变器系统，其特征在于，所述第一支路上还包括：
    清洗电路，所述清洗电路包括并联的第二限流单元和第二可控式开关单元；所述第二可控式开关单元的控制端与所述控制器连接，用于在所述控制器的控制下断开或吸合；
    所述控制器还用于：在所述逆变器系统正常工作时和所述逆变器系统发生故障时控制所述第二可控式开关单元闭合；在需要清洗所述第一可控式开关单元时，控制所述第二可控式开关单元断开，在检测到所述第一支路两端的电压值满足预设条件的情况下，控制所述第一可控式开关单元交替断开和吸合。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的逆变器系统，其特征在于，所述第二可控式开关单元的默认状态为吸合状态。
  19. 如权利要求14～18任一项所述的逆变器系统，其特征在于，还包括：
    与所述至少一个直流输入端一一对应的至少一个DC/DC转换单元，所述DC/DC转换单元的正输出端与所述母线单元的正极相连，所述DC/DC转换单元的负输出端与所述母线单元的负极相连。
  20. 如权利要求19所述的逆变器系统，其特征在于，所述分断装置串接在所述直流输入端的负极和所述DC/DC转换单元的负极输入端之间，所述直流输入端的正极连接至所述DC/DC转换单元的正极输入端；或者，
    所述分断装置串接在所述直流输入端的正极和所述DC/DC转换单元的正极输入端之间，所述直流输入端的负极连接至所述DC/DC转换单元的负极输入端；或者，
    所述直流输入端的负极和部分DC/DC转换单元的负极输入端之间串接所述分断装置，所述直流输入端的正极连接至所述DC/DC转换单元的正极输入端；或者，
    所述直流输入端的正极和部分DC/DC转换单元的正极输入端之间串接所述分断装置，所述直流输入端的负极连接至所述DC/DC转换单元的负极输入端；或者，
    部分分断装置串接在所述直流输入端的负极与所述DC/DC转换单元的负极输入端之间，另一部分分断装置串接在所述直流输入端的正极与所述DC/DC转换单元的正极输入端之间。
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