WO2020174790A1 - Rondelle de verrouillage, structure de fixation et procédé de desserrage de ladite structure de fixation - Google Patents

Rondelle de verrouillage, structure de fixation et procédé de desserrage de ladite structure de fixation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020174790A1
WO2020174790A1 PCT/JP2019/046218 JP2019046218W WO2020174790A1 WO 2020174790 A1 WO2020174790 A1 WO 2020174790A1 JP 2019046218 W JP2019046218 W JP 2019046218W WO 2020174790 A1 WO2020174790 A1 WO 2020174790A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
nut
washer
bolt
loosening
head
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PCT/JP2019/046218
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
洋 佐伯
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ボルトエンジニア株式会社
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Publication of WO2020174790A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020174790A1/fr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B39/00—Locking of screws, bolts or nuts
    • F16B39/22—Locking of screws, bolts or nuts in which the locking takes place during screwing down or tightening
    • F16B39/24—Locking of screws, bolts or nuts in which the locking takes place during screwing down or tightening by means of washers, spring washers, or resilient plates that lock against the object
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B43/00—Washers or equivalent devices; Other devices for supporting bolt-heads or nuts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a lock washer, a fastening structure, and a method for releasing the fastening of the fastening structure.
  • a lock washer provided between the nut and the mounting target when the mounting target is fixed to the mounting target by using the nut, the first and second members being used in a stacked state.
  • the surface of the first and second members that comes into contact with the nut or the member to be attached has unevenness so that the resistance is low when the nut rotates in the tightening direction and the frictional resistance increases when the nut rotates toward the loosening side.
  • a lock washer in which a surface formed in a radial shape and in contact with the first and second members is formed by using a plurality of slopes extending in the circumferential direction and which is hard to loosen (Patent Documents 1 and 2). reference).
  • Patent Documents 1 and 2 can be loosened by rotating the nut and the first and second members at the same time with a tool such as a wrench, If the nut and the first member are slightly rotated toward the loose side, the nut and the first member are displaced in the circumferential direction with respect to the second member, so that the nut and the first and second members are rotated at the same time. Can not be made, and as a result cannot be loosened. Therefore, there is a restriction that the angle of the slope and the length of the slope must be shortened so that the nut can be loosened by forcibly turning.
  • the inventor intentionally increases the angle of the slope and intentionally increases the length of the slope so that the structure cannot be loosened from the beginning, while the device for loosening the structure (lower side
  • the present invention that can be loosened only by rotating the washer designed so that it does not loosen as long as the nut is turned. is there.
  • the present invention provides a lock washer, a fastening structure, and a method for releasing the fastening of the fastening structure, in which the bolts and nuts do not loosen in the fastening state and can be easily loosened during maintenance.
  • the invention of claim 1 is a lock washer provided between the head of the bolt or the nut and the mounting target when the mounting target is fixed to the mounted member using the bolt or the nut,
  • Two washer members having the same shape and used in a state of being piled up and down are provided, and each of the washer members becomes an upper surface or a lower surface in a state of being piled up and down, and has an outer shape larger than that of the bolt head or nut.
  • the first surface has a plurality of concave portions so that the resistance is large when the bolt or nut turns in the tightening direction and the frictional resistance increases when the bolt or nut turns in the loosening direction.
  • the second contact surface is a contact surface, and in the state of being disposed on the lower side, a plurality of inclined surfaces are formed along the circumferential direction so that the height gradually decreases in the tightening direction of the bolt or nut.
  • a loosening engagement portion provided on the outer peripheral portion for rotating the two washer members in a superposed state when loosening the bolts or nuts.
  • the loosening engagement portion is formed so that the irregularities of the outer shape are correctly aligned in the circumferential direction in a state in which the second surfaces are vertically stacked so that the second surfaces mesh with each other without a gap. ..
  • the bolts and nuts do not loosen in the tightened state, and can be easily loosened at the time of maintenance by using the loosening engagement portion of the washer member (two washer members) located on the lower side. ..
  • the loosening engagement portion is a plurality of convex portions protruding outward in the radial direction, and is provided in a spline shape at intervals in the circumferential direction.
  • the loosening engaging portion is a plurality of triangular mountain-shaped convex portions projecting outward in the radial direction, and is provided continuously and repeatedly in the circumferential direction. desirable.
  • the first surface has a flat surface portion between the adjacent concave portions.
  • the head or nut of the bolt has six corners, and the washer has twelve protrusions.
  • the head of the bolt or the nut And the object to be attached, viewed from the upper side of the bolt or nut, the protrusions of the washer member are circumferentially spaced apart from each other and the head portion of the bolt or the corner portion of the nut.
  • the protrusions of the washer member are circumferentially spaced apart from each other and the head portion of the bolt or the corner portion of the nut.
  • the head of the bolt or the nut has a parallel flat surface portion.
  • the parallel width therebetween may be the same as the parallel width between the side surfaces of the convex portions of the washer member that are parallel to each other.
  • the second surface of the washer member has 12 slopes, and each slope has the same shape and is repeatedly formed along the circumferential direction. desirable.
  • the slope of the second surface of the washer member is formed smoothly.
  • the slopes of the second surface of the two washer members are joined together by an adhesive that is hard to dry.
  • the threaded rod of the bolt is passed through the mounting hole of the mounted member to project the tip portion, and a nut is applied to the tip portion via a washer to attach the mounting target to the mounted member.
  • the lock washer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which is a fastening structure for fixing the lock washer to the lock washer.
  • a fastening structure in which a threaded rod of a bolt is passed through an attachment target through a washer to fix the attachment target to a member to be attached.
  • the lock washer according to any one of 1.
  • the invention of claim 11 is a method of releasing the fastening of the fastening structure according to claim 7 or 8, wherein a tool having an engagement hole portion that engages with the loosening engagement portion in a disengageable manner is used, By engaging the tool with the loosening engaging hole portion of the upper washer member and rotating the upper washer member in the tightening direction, the positions of the loosening engaging portions of the two washer members are made to coincide with each other.
  • the engaging hole portion of the tool is engaged with the loosening engaging portion of the lower washer member, and the tool is used to rotate the lower washer member or the two washer members in the loosening direction. Characterize.
  • a thirteenth aspect of the present invention is a fastening structure in which a washer is provided between the head of the bolt or the nut and the mounting target when the mounting target is fixed to the mounted member using the bolt or the nut.
  • the head or nut of the bolt includes a main body having an engaged portion on the washer side, while the washer engages the engaged portion on the head or nut side of the bolt.
  • a washer body having an engaging portion is provided, and the engaged portion and the engaging portion each have a contact surface of the same shape that makes contact with each other in an attached state, and the washer uses the bolt or the nut.
  • the surface on the side of the object to be mounted of has a plurality of recesses formed so that the resistance is small when the bolt or nut turns in the tightening direction, and the friction resistance increases when the bolt or nut turns in the loosening side.
  • each slope is formed so that the height gradually lowers in the tightening direction of the bolt or nut, the protruding portion, It is a loosening engagement part for rotating the bolt or nut when loosening the bolt or nut, and the projecting portion is vertically stacked so that the engaged surface and the engaging surface mesh with each other without a gap. It is characterized in that, in a combined state, it is formed at a position corresponding to the center position of the head portion of the bolt or the flat surface portion of the nut in the circumferential direction.
  • the contact surface between the engaged portion and the engaging portion has 12 slopes, and the slopes in the contact surface of the engaged portion have the same shape. It is desirable that the inclined surface of the contact surface of the engaging portion is repeatedly formed along the circumferential direction, and the inclined surface of the contact surface of the engaged portion is repeatedly formed along the circumferential direction corresponding to each inclined surface of the contact surface of the engaged portion. ..
  • a fifteenth aspect of the present invention is a method for releasing the fastening of the fastening structure according to the thirteenth or twelfth aspect, wherein a tool having an engagement hole portion that engages with the loosening engagement portion in a disengageable manner is used. , Engaging the engaging hole of the tool with the head of the nut or bolt on the upper side, and rotating the nut or bolt in the tightening direction to bring the engaged portion into contact with the engaging portion. The surfaces are aligned, the tool is added to the head portion of the nut or bolt to engage the loosening engagement portion of the washer, and the tool is used to loosen the head portion of the nut or bolt and the washer. It is characterized by rotating together.
  • the bolts and nuts do not loosen when fastened with the bolts and nuts, and can be easily loosened at the time of maintenance using the loosening engagement portion.
  • FIG. It shows a washer member, (a) is a plan view showing the first surface, (b) is a side view, and (c) is a bottom view showing the second surface. It is a top view which shows an example of a tool. It is explanatory drawing of operation
  • the lock washer of another embodiment is shown, (a) is a top view showing the 1st surface, (b) is a side view, and (c) is a bottom view showing the 2nd surface.
  • FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG.
  • FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line BB in FIG.
  • (A) is explanatory drawing of the axial force when using the lock washer which concerns on this invention
  • (b) is explanatory drawing of the axial force when using a washer with a notch. It is a figure which shows the result of having measured tightening axial force. It is a figure which shows the result of a vibration slack test.
  • Embodiment 2 of the fastening structure which concerns on this invention is shown, (a) is a perspective view which shows a bolt, (b) is a perspective view which shows a washer.
  • Embodiment 2 The fastening structure of Embodiment 2 is shown, (a) is a top view, (b) is sectional drawing. Shows a tool, (a) is a perspective view seen from the side of the gripping part, and (b) is a perspective view seen from the side of the engaging hole.
  • (A) is a diagram showing a state where the nut and the washer mesh with each other without a gap, and (b) is a diagram showing a state where the nut and the washer are loosely meshed with each other.
  • FIG. 10 shows the third embodiment, (a) is a diagram showing a state where the nut and the washer mesh with each other without a gap, and (b) is a diagram showing a state where the nut and the washer are loosely meshed with each other.
  • FIG. 1 It is explanatory drawing of a test method.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view (photograph) which shows a comparative example, respectively. It is a figure which shows the result of a vibration slack test.
  • the conventional fastening structure is shown, (a) is sectional drawing which shows the fastening state of a two-slope washer, (b) is sectional drawing which shows the fastening state of a twin nut, (c) is sectional drawing which shows the fastening state of a leaf spring nut. Is. It is sectional drawing which shows the fastening state when the lock washer which concerns on this invention is used.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a first embodiment of a fastening structure according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of the same.
  • the lock washer 1 is provided between the mounting target 2 and the nut 4 when the mounting target 2 is fixed to a mounted member (not shown) using the nut 4. It is provided. That is, the threaded rod 3a of the bolt 3 for mounting the mounting object 2 is penetrated through the mounting hole of the mounted member (not shown) and the through hole 2a of the mounting object 2 so that the tip end portion is projected from the through hole 2a.
  • the lock washer 1 is provided between the nut 4 and the attachment target 2 when the attachment target 2 is fixed to the attachment target member by applying the nut 4 to the tip portion.
  • the lock washer 1 has two washer members 11 and 11 that are used in a state of being vertically stacked.
  • Each washer member 11, 11 is manufactured by using high strength steel so that the thickness can be reduced.
  • the two washer members 11 and 11 have the same shape and have an outer shape larger than that of the head of the bolt or the nut 4, and an adhesive (for example, rubber glue) that is hard to dry is provided between them to be integrated together. Has been converted. That is, the lock washer 1 is a combination of two plate-shaped washer members 11, 11. Therefore, there is no problem even if the lock washer 1 is installed upside down.
  • an adhesive for example, rubber glue
  • the washer member 11 has a first surface 11a, which is an upper surface or a lower surface in a state of being vertically overlapped with each other, formed by a groove extending in a radial direction (so-called jagged). ) Is formed radially.
  • the unevenness of the first surface 11a is formed so that the frictional resistance is small when the nut 4 rotates in the tightening direction (clockwise rotation), and increases when the nut 4 rotates in the loosening side (counterclockwise direction). Has been done.
  • the second surface 11b which is the backside of the first surface 11a of the washer member 11 and which is in contact with the upper and lower surfaces in a stacked state, has three beveled surfaces 11ba, 11ba, 11ba along the circumferential direction. It is formed so that the height gradually decreases (thickness decreases) in the tightening direction of No. 4.
  • the three slopes 11ba have the same inclination angle (larger than the lead angle of the screw of the bolt 3), and the slopes have a constant angle.
  • the three slopes 11ba are repeatedly arranged along the circumferential direction.
  • the inclination angle of the slope 11ba is changed depending on the diameter of the bolt, but is larger than the lead angle of the screw of the bolt 3.
  • the number of slopes 11ba is not limited to three and may be any number.
  • the two washer members 11 and 11 are stacked without any gap so that the slopes 11ba are engaged with each other, and they are attached in an integrated state. These slopes 11ba are formed very smoothly and are slippery.
  • the washer member 11 has a so-called spline shape in which a plurality of protrusions 11c (engagement portions for loosening) protruding outward in the radial direction are provided on the outer peripheral portion.
  • the lock washer 1 is used in a state in which the two washer members 11 and 11 are overlapped with each other so that the second surfaces 11b are engaged with each other, and between the two washer members 11 in the overlapped state without a gap.
  • the positions of the convex portions 11c in the circumferential direction are formed to coincide with each other.
  • the nut 4 in order to loosen, in this embodiment, it is not loosened unless it is rotated 120°. In order to rotate the angle for loosening, if the inclination angles of the three slopes 11ba are properly selected to be equal to or larger than the lead angle of the screw of the bolt 3, the torque is 1.5 to 3 times the torque when tightening the bolt. Will be needed. Since such a large torque is large enough to break the bolt 3, the nut 4 does not actually loosen.
  • the loosening that is, the fastening can be released, for example, by using the spanner 15 as a tool shown in FIG.
  • the spanner 15 has an engaging portion 15a in which an engaging hole 15aa having a shape corresponding to the outer peripheral shape of the washer member 11 is formed, and a grip portion 12b extending outward from the engaging portion 15a.
  • the spanner 15 is applied so that the engaging hole 15aa of the engaging portion 15a is engaged with the outside of the washer member 11 having the convex portion 11c protruding outward in the radial direction, and the nut 4 is not touched at all. It can be loosened by rotating the whole counterclockwise. In this case, only the lower washer member 11 may be engaged.
  • the outer shape of the washer member 11 is intentionally increased in order to reduce the force when loosening the nut 4. Further, since the force for loosening becomes small, there is an advantage that the washer member 11 can be made thin as a result.
  • the upper washer member 11 rotates in the same direction, so that even if the positions of the two washer members 11 are initially displaced from each other, the smooth sloped surfaces 11ba are effective in projecting each other.
  • the protrusions 11c of the upper and lower washer members 11 are automatically aligned with each other at the upper and lower positions at the moment when the tightening is completed. This is because the phases of the starting positions of the convex portion 11c and the inclined surface 11ba coincide with each other.
  • the engaging hole 15aa of the engaging portion 15a of the spanner 15 is engaged with the convex portion 11c of the lower washer member 11, and the engaging portion 15a of the spanner 15 is attached to the lower washer member 11. Depress so that it engages with the outer peripheral portion. In this state, since the spanner 15 is engaged with the lower washer member 11, the lower washer member 11 can be rotated by the spanner 15,
  • the slanting surface 11ba of the washer member 11 does not have any sliding function, so that the nut axial force does not increase and the nut 4 is not tightened further. Be loosened. This has been confirmed by experiments.
  • the lock washer 1 has the slope 11ba forming the mating surface (the second surface 11b) sufficiently long to ensure the function of not loosening, and then the outer peripheral portion of each washer member 12. It is a feature of the present invention that a plurality of convex portions 11c are provided on the above, and the convex portions 11c can be used for loosening with a tool such as a spanner 15 and a function for loosening is added. In addition, when the nut 4 is loosened, the nut 4 itself is not rotated, but the lower washer member 11 (or the two washer members 11) is simply rotated without touching the nut 4 at all. ..
  • the thickness of the lock washer 1 as a whole is L1 immediately after the nut 4 is tightened, as shown in FIG.
  • the position of 11c is exactly the same at the top and bottom and there is no deviation. Further, even if it is initially displaced, there is no problem, and by tightening the nut 4, the displacement is automatically eliminated by the rotation of the upper washer member 11.
  • the adhesive also has a meaning of preventing the two washer members 11 from being separated from each other and being separated.
  • the spanner 15 When dropped, the spanner 15 engages with only the lower washer member 11 or both of the two washer members 11 at the same time, depending on the thickness of the engaging portion 15a of the spanner 15. In this state, by rotating the wrench 15 counterclockwise, the nut 4 can be loosened by using the washer member 11.
  • the lock washer 1 does not loosen due to the function of the lock washer 1; however, if you try to loosen it, you can easily loosen it by using the convex portion 11c of the lower washer member 11. In the case of the structure using the lock washer 1, the nut 4 does not loosen because the nut 4 is tightened excessively if the nut 4 moves a little.
  • an impact socket whose engaging hole has such a shape may be fitted and loosened by turning it counterclockwise with a hydraulic wrench or an air impact wrench.
  • Such a lock washer 1 can be applied to bolts of any size, from small-diameter bolts to large-diameter bolts, and the nuts can be prevented from loosening with respect to the threaded rods of the bolts. -It is possible to reliably prevent loosening of nuts due to earthquake shaking.
  • the reason why the outer shape of the lock washer 1 (two washer members 11) is made larger than the outer diameter of the nut 4 is that the spanner 15 can be applied to the lower washer member 11 without the nut 4 being disturbed. This is to make it possible, but as a result, the following effects are produced.
  • the lower washer member 11 When loosening the nut 4, the lower washer member 11 is rotated. However, by making the outer diameter of the washer member 11 larger than the outer diameter of the nut 4, the force for rotating the washer member 11 is initially The force required when turning and tightening the nut 4 is smaller than that required. This is because the washer member 11 has a larger outer shape (for example, a dodecagonal portion) than the nut 4 and a smaller rotation torque.
  • the washer member forming the lock washer also has a polygonal plate shape.
  • the washer member may have a dodecagonal shape.
  • the washer member 21 has twelve triangular mountain-shaped convex portions 21A formed continuously on the outer peripheral portion at equal angular intervals (every 60 degrees) in the circumferential direction. These convex portions 21A provided on the outer peripheral portion serve as loosening engaging portions for rotating the two washer members 21 in a superposed state when loosening the nut 4.
  • the first surface 21B is an upper surface or a lower surface in a state where the first surface 21B is vertically overlapped with each other to form a lock washer 1', and the inclined concave portion 21Ba forming an inclined surface of a constant width has a circumferential shape.
  • Eight pieces are formed at equal angular intervals (every 45 degrees) in the direction, and a plane portion 21Bb is formed between the inclined concave portions 21Ba. Therefore, the plane portions 21Bb are arranged between the adjacent inclined concave portions 21Ba, and the inclined concave portions 21Ba and the planar portions 21Bb are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction.
  • the inclined concave portion 21Ba is formed on the convex portion 21A, and the inclined concave portion 21Ba between the adjacent inclined concave portions 21Ba is formed between the convex portion 21A and the convex portion 21A.
  • the plurality of inclined recessed portions 21Ba are formed so that the resistance is small when the bolt or the nut rotates in the tightening direction, and the frictional resistance becomes large when the bolt or the nut rotates toward the loosening side.
  • the connecting portion between the rising surface 21Baa of the inclined concave portion 21Ba and the flat surface portion 21Bb is not chamfered and remains sharp.
  • the second surface 21C of the washer member 21 is a surface that comes into contact with each other in a vertically overlapped state, and the eight slopes 21Ca are equiangularly spaced in the circumferential direction. (Every 45 degrees).
  • a plurality of slopes 21Ca are formed along the circumferential direction so that the height gradually decreases in the tightening direction of the nut 4.
  • Each slope 21Ca is formed between a line connecting the tip and the center of the convex portion 21A and a line connecting the bottom end and the center of the valley portion 21D to which the next convex portion 21A is connected.
  • the first surface 21B corresponds to the nut 4 or the object to be attached, as shown in FIG. 10(a).
  • the axial force does not fall into the mounting surface 101 and the axial force does not decrease.
  • the general locker washer 102 has a sharp convex portion 102 a in contact with the mounting surface 101.
  • the sharp convex portion 102a is embedded in the mounting surface 101, and the axial force (fastening force) is reduced.
  • the flat surface portion 21Bb is provided between the inclined recessed portions 21Ba, (i) the function of preventing rotation in the sawtooth state is provided, and (ii) the axial force does not decrease. This is because the flat portion 21Bb receives a force and does not dig in.
  • FIG. 11 shows the result of measuring the generated axial force when fastening at 1600 N using the M36 nut.
  • the comparative washer produces an axial force of only about 87% of the inventive washer.
  • the notch of the washer of the comparative example cuts into the mounting surface of the object to be mounted and the surface of the nut, so that part of the torque is consumed there, so the axial force is lower than that of a normal flat washer. To do.
  • the invention washer generates a higher axial force than the flat washer because the area in contact with the floor is smaller than that of the flat washer, so that the surface of the washer (when tightening the nut) and the object to be attached are smaller. It is thought that this is because friction with the mounting surface of the and the surface of the nut is reduced compared to the flat washer. In this way, the axial force of the washer of the present invention generates a higher axial force than the other washers, which results in promoting the function that is more difficult to loosen.
  • the comparative example washer was loosened earlier than the flat washer in almost proportion to the decrease in the axial force. (See Figure 12). In the case of the washer of the present invention, it is not loosened even if it is vibrated 100,000 times or more.
  • first surface 21B of the washer member 21 may be formed with grooves (so-called jagged) formed radially by grooves extending in the radial direction, like the first surface 11a of the washer member 11.
  • first surface 11a of the washer member 11 may have a flat surface between the inclined concave portions, like the first surface 21B of the washer member 21.
  • the size of the spanner (tool) used when tightening the nut 4 (or the bolt) is different from the size of the spanner used when the lock washer 1 (washer member 11) is engaged and loosened.
  • the outer shape of the washer is larger than that of the nut and the washer shape is a dodecagonal shape having twelve convex portions, which is the same as in the first embodiment described above, As shown, the dodecagon is a double hexagon, and the parallel width W2 thereof is the same as the parallel width W1 of the nut, so that it is possible to further facilitate the use.
  • the dodecagon is not a mathematical regular dodecagon, but is called a double hexagon, which is a shape in which two regular hexagons are stacked exactly 30° apart from each other.
  • the sharp angle of the regular dodecagon is 150°, but the sharp angle of the dodecagon of the table hexagon is 60°, which is completely different.
  • the widely used general-purpose commercially available eyeglass spanner or socket
  • 12 slopes are formed in the circumferential direction on the lower side of the nut 31 (the right side surface of the nut 31 in FIG. 13A).
  • the engaged portion 31A formed on the upper surface of the washer 32 is provided so as to project from the nut body 31B, while the upper surface (the surface on the nut 31 side) of the washer 32 has the same number in the circumferential direction as shown in FIG. 13B.
  • Engaging portions 32A each having an even slope are formed so as to project from the washer body 32B.
  • the washer 32 (washer body 32B) has a dodecagonal (double hexagonal) outer shape, and the parallel width W2 thereof is the same as the parallel width W1 of the nut 31.
  • phase The phases of the twelve slopes 31Aa and 32Aa of the engaged portion 31A of the nut 31 and the engaging portion 32A of the washer 32, and the twelve convex portions 32B that form the outer shape of the washer 32 are provided. Are formed so as to match the phases of each.
  • the contact surface between the engaged portion 31A and the engaging portion 32A has 12 inclined surfaces 31Aa and 32Aa that are repeatedly formed.
  • the slopes on the contact surface of the engaged portion 31A have the same shape and are repeatedly formed along the circumferential direction.
  • the slopes on the contact surface of the engaging portion 32A correspond to the slopes on the contact surface of the engaged portion. And is repeatedly formed along the circumferential direction.
  • the slope 31Aa on the contact surface of the engaged portion 31A has a flat surface portion 31Bb that is continuous from the corner portion 31Ba of the nut 31 (nut body 31B) to the corner portion 31Ba. It extends to the central position, or extends from the central position of the flat surface portion 31Bb to the corner portion 31Ba of the nut 31 (or the head portion of the bolt) that is continuous with the flat surface portion 31Bb.
  • the slope 32Aa on the contact surface of the engaging portion 32A extends from the line L1 connecting the tip of the protrusion 32Ba and the washer center O to the line L2 connecting the tip of the adjacent protrusion 32Ba and the washer center O. It is repeatedly formed (see FIG. 13B). The purpose of this is to obtain the positional relationship shown in FIG. 14A between the nut 31 and the washer 32 when the nut 31 is tightened.
  • the positional relationship of FIG. 14A it is not necessary to match the start positions of the slopes 31Aa and 32Aa with the corners 31Ba and the protrusions 32Ba of the nut 31 and the washer 32, for example, the first position. Even if the start position of the slope 31Aa is shifted 5° to the right from the corner 31Ba on the outer periphery of the nut 31, and the start position of the slope 32Aa on the washer 32 side is also shifted 5° to the right from the protrusion 32Ba on the outer periphery, As a result, the positional relationship shown in FIG. 14A can be obtained. In this way, if the phases of both the nut 31 and the washer 32 are matched and the positional relationship shown in FIG. 14A is finally obtained, the start position of the slope may be from any position.
  • the engaged portion 31A of the nut 31 and the engaging portion 32A of the washer 32 respectively have twelve slopes 31Aa and 32Aa in a circular shape from the surfaces of the main bodies 31B and 32B in FIGS. 13(a) and 13(b). Although it is formed so as to project in a swelled state, it may be formed so as to have the same shape over the entire surface of the main body without the swelled state.
  • the shaded portion (see FIG. 14A) is the washer 32, and the outer shape is a dodecagon, but half of the convex portions 32Ba of the washer 32 are hidden by the corner portion 31Ba of the hexagon nut 31 (overlapped). Since it cannot be seen, the washer 32 looks like a hexagon, but the actual washer 32 is a dodecagon.
  • a commercially available dodecagonal spanner 35 can be used for loosening.
  • the spanner 35 includes an engagement hole portion 35A having twelve engagement concave portions and a grip portion 35B connected to the engagement hole portion 35A, and the engagement hole portion 35A includes the nut 31 (bolt head portion). Also, it has a thickness that fits into the loosening engagement portion and fits into the nut 31 and the washers 32, 32 at the same time.
  • the shape of the washer 32 (the dodecagon) and the shape of the nut 31 (the hexagon) are obviously different in size and shape
  • the nut 31 and the washer 32 are attached to the commercially available dodecagon wrench 35. Fit at the same time.
  • FIG. 16(a) is a diagram showing a state immediately after tightening
  • FIG. 16(b) is a diagram showing a state in which the nut 31 moves due to vibration or the like and the phase between the nut 31 and the washer 32 is deviated.
  • the same dodecagonal wrench 35 When loosening the nut 31, the same dodecagonal wrench 35 may be used. However, in the state shown in FIG. 16A, the nut 31 and the washer 32 are in phase with each other, so the wrench 35 is used as the washer 32. It can be fitted to both of the nuts 31 and can be loosened by rotating them at the same time. On the other hand, in the case of the state shown in FIG. 16B, since the phases are shifted, the spanner 35 fits into the nut 31, but does not fit into the washer 32 located below it. Therefore, as in the case described above, the nut 31 is once turned in the tightening direction to align the phases, bring the state as shown in FIG. 16A, and then loosen again.
  • the dodecagonal wrench 35 should be applied to the nut 31 and turned in the tightening direction slightly, and then the nut 31 and the washer 32 should be turned together in the loosening direction. Therefore, for example, if the nut has a size of about M16, the loosening work is completed within a few seconds.
  • the second embodiment has described the fastening structure using the nut 31 having the engaged portion 31A and the washer 32 having the engaging portion 32A
  • the two washer members 32 are provided as in the first embodiment.
  • the present invention can also be applied to a case where two sheets are used by combining the slope sides.
  • the dodecagonal wrench 35 When loosening, the dodecagonal wrench 35 may be fitted as it is to the nut 4 and the washers 32, 32 (two washer members) and rotated counterclockwise. When the washers 32, 32 are slid due to vibration or the like and the state shown in FIG. 17(b) is reached, a dodecagonal wrench is applied to loosen the nut 4 and the two washers 32, 32. Only the upper washer 32 is fitted (total of two bodies) (the friction coefficient between the slopes 32Aa is very small, and the nut 4 and the washer 32 have an inversion, so that the nut 4 and the upper washer 32 are provided. Since there is no slippage or slippage between them, the spanner 35 fits into the two bodies without any problem).
  • the nut 4 and the upper washer 32 are turned to the tightening side as they are, the phase of the lower washer 32 matches that of the lower side, so that the spanner 35 falls and fits into the lower washer 32. As a result, the spanner 35 It fits into 3 bodies. In this way, the nut 4 and the washers 32, 32 can be loosened by collectively turning them counterclockwise.
  • the usefulness of the parallel width W2 of the twelve bevels 32Aa and the washer 32 having a dodecagonal outer shape being the same as the parallel width W1 of the nut 4 is simply one type of dodecagon. Not only is it convenient to use the spanner 35 (or dodecagon socket) both when tightening and loosening, but in addition to that, there is a much greater utility as follows.
  • the bearing 102 was inserted between the floor materials 101 to make the floor materials 101 move with respect to each other under the most severe vibration conditions.
  • the head of the bolt 103 was rotated and tightened in order to easily cause the "take-away" phenomenon.
  • the floor material 101 is S35C
  • the bolts 103 and nuts 104 are SCM435.
  • a comparative test was performed with a commercially available Giza washer, two sloped washers, twin nuts, and leaf spring nuts. 19(a) to (d) show a serrated washer, a two-slope washer, a twin nut, and a leaf spring nut, respectively.
  • FIG. 20 shows the test result of the loosening test in which the M16 nut is fastened under this condition.
  • General commercial products (giza washers, two-slope washers, twin nuts, leaf spring nuts) that have an anti-loosening effect loosen by 3100 times or less of vibration, while continuous vibration under the same test conditions resulted in the invention example. It was proven that the washer does not loosen more than 700,000 times. It was confirmed that there is a large difference from the general commercial products.
  • the two-slope washer shown in FIG. 19(b) is structurally a combination of two washer members, and the mating surface is composed of a number of slopes, which is also widely used.
  • the basic structure is the same as that of the present invention, and it is natural to install the washers on both the nut side and the bolt head side, but the following major problems are unavoidable. That is, as shown by the arrow in FIG. 21( a ), when the nut 201 is strongly tightened, the head 202 a of the bolt 202 naturally “rotates” together in the same direction in which the nut 201 rotates.
  • This entrainment phenomenon may be large or small, and may not be entrained at all.
  • the frequency with which it "turns around” is about 58%, although there is a difference in degree. This means that there is a probability of one bolt or more for two bolt tightening operations.
  • FIG. 21A shows a state in which there is a gap (gap) between the two washers 203, 203 on the bolt head side, but this two-faced washer cannot prevent this phenomenon.
  • the leaf spring nut shown in Fig. 19(c) is a locking nut in which two or three leaf springs are structurally embedded in the upper part of the nut and is widely used. As shown in FIG. 21C, if the leaf spring 401A is vibrated even if the loosening prevention nut 401 embedded in the upper portion of the nut body 401B is not loosened, the head 402a of the bolt 402 is logically affected by vibration. When it was actually subjected to a vibration test, it loosened due to 2550 vibrations.
  • the principle of the lock washer according to the present invention is the same as that of the above-described two-slope washer (see FIG. 21(a)), so the same phenomenon will occur if no measures are taken. But there are differences explained below.
  • a commercially available dodecagon wrench 35 or a commercially available dodecagon socket
  • the head 3b of the bolt 3 that is, the head 3b of the bolt 3
  • the nut 4 side is tightened while the three washers 32, 32 are still covered, no matter what big "co-rotation" phenomenon occurs, the two washers 32, 32 may be displaced from each other. Without any gaps.
  • the dodecagonal spanner 35 may be removed.
  • the threaded rod of the bolt is mainly passed through the mounting hole of the mounted member to project the tip end portion, and the nut is applied to the tip end portion through the lock washer to attach the mounting object to the mounting target object.
  • the fastening structure for fixing to the member has been described, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the fastening structure in which the threaded rod of the bolt is passed through the attachment target through the lock washer to fix the attachment target to the attachment target member. It can also be applied to structures.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Bolts, Nuts, And Washers (AREA)

Abstract

Le problème décrit par la présente invention est de permettre un desserrage facile d'un boulon ou d'un écrou pendant la maintenance, sans que le boulon ou l'écrou ne se desserre pendant qu'il est dans un état fixé. La solution de l'invention porte sur une rondelle de verrouillage 1 disposée entre un écrou 4 et un objet à fixer, laquelle rondelle de verrouillage est équipée de deux éléments de rondelle 11 ayant la même forme. Chaque élément de rondelle 11 comporte : une première face 11a qui a une forme extérieure plus grande que l'écrou 4, et sur laquelle des évidements et des saillies sont formés dans une configuration radiale de telle sorte qu'il y ait peu de résistance lorsque l'écrou 4 tourne dans la direction de fixation et une grande résistance à la friction lorsque l'écrou 4 tourne vers le côté desserrage ; une seconde face 11b sur laquelle au moins une ou plusieurs faces inclinées 11ba sont formées le long de la direction circonférentielle de telle sorte que sa hauteur diminue progressivement dans la direction de fixation de l'écrou 4 ; et une partie en saillie 11c qui est disposée sur la partie circonférentielle externe, et qui est utilisée pour, lors du desserrage de l'écrou 4, faire tourner les deux éléments de rondelle 11 dans un état de chevauchement étroit. Les deux éléments de rondelle 11 sont utilisés dans un état de chevauchement étroit de telle sorte que les secondes faces 11b s'engrènent l'une avec l'autre, et dans ledit état de chevauchement, les positions des parties en saillie 11c des deux éléments de rondelle 11 sont identiques.
PCT/JP2019/046218 2019-02-28 2019-11-26 Rondelle de verrouillage, structure de fixation et procédé de desserrage de ladite structure de fixation WO2020174790A1 (fr)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114033785A (zh) * 2021-09-30 2022-02-11 国网新疆电力有限公司检修公司 一种带榫头螺钉的榫卯结构防松动螺母组件
WO2023053422A1 (fr) * 2021-09-30 2023-04-06 株式会社日本プララド Rondelle et structure de fixation, ainsi que procédé de libération de fixation

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS484142B1 (fr) * 1968-12-20 1973-02-06
JPS56143612U (fr) * 1980-03-28 1981-10-29
JP2003526057A (ja) * 2000-03-09 2003-09-02 スモラレク・ハンナ・マリア ワッシャ及びワッシャを含むねじ付固定具組立体
JP2016509179A (ja) * 2013-02-28 2016-03-24 ノード−ロック・アーベー ロックワッシャ組立体

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3581383A (en) * 1967-12-13 1971-06-01 Taisei Corp Method for tightening a nut and bolt assembly
KR20180038303A (ko) * 2016-10-06 2018-04-16 조창현 풀림방지와셔 및, 이를 구비한 체결장치

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS484142B1 (fr) * 1968-12-20 1973-02-06
JPS56143612U (fr) * 1980-03-28 1981-10-29
JP2003526057A (ja) * 2000-03-09 2003-09-02 スモラレク・ハンナ・マリア ワッシャ及びワッシャを含むねじ付固定具組立体
JP2016509179A (ja) * 2013-02-28 2016-03-24 ノード−ロック・アーベー ロックワッシャ組立体

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114033785A (zh) * 2021-09-30 2022-02-11 国网新疆电力有限公司检修公司 一种带榫头螺钉的榫卯结构防松动螺母组件
WO2023053422A1 (fr) * 2021-09-30 2023-04-06 株式会社日本プララド Rondelle et structure de fixation, ainsi que procédé de libération de fixation

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