WO2020173079A1 - 一种含聚谷氨酸和氨基寡糖素的农用制剂 - Google Patents

一种含聚谷氨酸和氨基寡糖素的农用制剂 Download PDF

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WO2020173079A1
WO2020173079A1 PCT/CN2019/105620 CN2019105620W WO2020173079A1 WO 2020173079 A1 WO2020173079 A1 WO 2020173079A1 CN 2019105620 W CN2019105620 W CN 2019105620W WO 2020173079 A1 WO2020173079 A1 WO 2020173079A1
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polyglutamic acid
amino
oligosaccharin
agricultural
treatment
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PCT/CN2019/105620
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English (en)
French (fr)
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冯小海
许宗奇
周哲
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南京轩凯生物科技有限公司
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Priority to CN201980088901.1A priority Critical patent/CN113412247B/zh
Publication of WO2020173079A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020173079A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of agriculture, and specifically relates to an agricultural preparation containing polyglutamic acid and aminooligosaccharins (also known as chitooligosaccharides).
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an agricultural preparation containing polyglutamic acid and amino-oligosaccharin which can improve fertilizer utilization rate and effectively increase crop yield in view of the shortcomings of the prior art.
  • An agricultural preparation containing polyglutamic acid and amino-oligosaccharin It is a solution-type preparation, the solvent is water, and the active ingredients are contained in the following concentrations:
  • the polyglutamic acid is the pure product of ⁇ -polyglutamic acid, the pure product of ⁇ -polyglutamate, the fermentation broth of ⁇ -polyglutamic acid or the spray-dried powder of ⁇ -polyglutamic acid fermentation broth. Any one or a combination of several; wherein, the molecular weight of polyglutamic acid is 5000-100000 Da, preferably 50000-100000 Da.
  • the polyglutamic acid of the present invention can be self-made according to the prior art or directly purchased from the market.
  • ⁇ - polyglutamic acid produced by a microbial fermentation are polyamino acids containing a plurality of terminal amine and COO - groups, as well as fertilizers in the soil Ca 2+, Mg 2+, Zn 2+ and the like can be directly and poly
  • the carboxyl site of glutamic acid is bonded with the amide site to form a water-soluble and stable polyglutamate, which slowly provides nutrients for crop growth.
  • the unique polycarboxyl structure has super water absorption and water retention capacity, which can reduce the loss of water and fertilizer in the soil and reshape the soil aggregate structure. Improve crop photosynthesis efficiency and resistance to stress, increase yield and improve crop quality.
  • the amino oligosaccharin is any one or a combination of two of the solution or powder, and the degree of polymerization of the amino oligosaccharin is 4-6.
  • the amino-oligosaccharins of the present invention can be made by themselves according to the prior art or directly purchased from the market.
  • Amino-oligosaccharins chito-oligosaccharides refer to oligosaccharides linked by ⁇ -1,4 glycosidic bonds to D-glucosamine, which are obtained by degradation of chitin from chitin and then degraded, or extracted by microbial fermentation Low toxicity fungicide.
  • Amino-oligosaccharins can inhibit the growth of some pathogens, affect the germination of fungal spores, induce morphological changes in hyphae, and changes in endospore biochemistry. It can stimulate genes in plants, produce chitinase, glucanase, protease and PR protein with disease resistance, and has cell activation effect, which can help the recovery of damaged plants, promote roots and seedlings, and enhance crops. Resistance to stress, promote plant growth and development. Amino-oligosaccharin solution has antiviral, antibacterial and fungicidal effects. The application has the characteristics of trace amount (PPM level), high efficiency, low cost, and pollution-free.
  • Said hollyhock gum is a powder, which is the roots and stems of hollyhock after finishing, cleaning, drying, chopping, grinding, sieving and preparing, and can be directly purchased from the market.
  • the hollyhock gum has good water retention and thickening effects, while maintaining the stability of the modified agricultural formulations.
  • the organic matter is any one or a combination of biochemical fulvic acid and glucose.
  • the biochemical fulvic acid is prepared by concentrating the supernatant of the molasses liquid fermented by yeast.
  • Biochemical fulvic acid has the characteristics of improving soil, increasing fertilizer utilization, stimulating plant growth, improving the quality of agricultural products, and enhancing crop resistance.
  • the present invention does not specifically limit the ratio of these two substances, as long as the organic matter contains the above two substances.
  • polyglutamic acid, amino-oligosaccharins, hollyhock gum, biochemical fulvic acid, chelated zinc, and chelated calcium have a synergistic effect.
  • biochemical fulvic acid, chelated zinc, and chelated calcium By adjusting the biochemical fulvic acid, chelated zinc, and chelated calcium
  • the ratio of polyglutamic acid, aminooligosaccharin, and hollyhock gum can change the effectiveness of agricultural preparations. For example, increasing the concentration of chelated zinc can increase the growth of leafy vegetables and increase the concentration of chelated calcium. prominent.
  • the preparation method of the agricultural preparation containing polyglutamic acid and amino-oligosaccharin is: mixing polyglutamic acid, amino-oligosaccharin, hollyhock gum, organic matter, chelated zinc, chelated calcium, and the like.
  • the biochemical fulvic acid is added after mixing other raw materials.
  • the specific application method of fertilizer is that the fertilizer is applied to field crops and economic crops.
  • the application method is flushing or spraying.
  • the flushing application rate is 10 ⁇ 800g/mu
  • the spraying rate is 5 ⁇ 400g/mu
  • the application time is crops. The entire growth period.
  • the field crop can be, for example, wheat, rice or corn.
  • the economic crops can be fruits or vegetables, for example.
  • the agricultural preparation of the present invention improves the fertilizer utilization rate and effectively increases crop yield by adjusting the ratio of biochemical fulvic acid, chelated zinc, chelated calcium and polyglutamic acid, amino-oligosaccharin, and hollyhock gum.
  • the fermentation broth of polyglutamic acid in the present invention is also rich in nutrients such as amino acids and vitamins, which can not only promote the absorption of trace elements in crops, but also improve the effect of fertilizer on crops. The growth-promoting effect, effectively improving crop quality.
  • the polyglutamic acid, amino-oligosaccharin, hollyhock gum, and biochemical fulvic acid in the agricultural preparation formula of the present invention are all biological products, which can be completely biodegraded in the soil and are non-toxic to humans and soil organisms.
  • the environment is pollution-free.
  • Preparation of polyglutamic acid For the treatment of polyglutamic acid fermentation broth, add concentrated sulfuric acid to adjust the pH to about 3.5, raise the temperature to 70-90°C, keep for 0.5-1.5 hours, and then adjust the pH to 5.0-8.0 with sodium hydroxide.
  • the combination of diatomaceous earth and activated carbon is selected, and the treatment liquid is subjected to adsorption treatment, that is, the molecular weight of the present invention is prepared to be 5000-100000 Da;
  • amino-oligosaccharins Crude enzyme preparations prepared by fermentation of Escherichia coli are added to the chitosan solution and reacted at 40-60°C for 6-12 hours.
  • the reaction mixture is a concentrated solution of amino-oligosaccharides after enzyme inactivation, which is separated and purified by ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, etc., to prepare an amino-oligosaccharin solution with a polymerization degree of 4-6 according to the present invention;
  • biochemical fulvic acid the molasses liquid is fermented by yeast and cultured to obtain a supernatant, and the supernatant is concentrated 4 to 5 times to obtain biochemical fulvic acid, that is, the biochemical fulvic acid of the present invention is prepared.
  • Polyglutamic acid, amino-oligosaccharin, hollyhock gum, water and biochemical fulvic acid are mixed to prepare an agricultural preparation containing polyglutamic acid and amino-oligosaccharin.
  • concentration of polyglutamic acid molecular weight is 50000Da
  • concentration of aminooligosaccharin degree of polymerization is 4
  • concentration of marshmallow gum is 0.5g/L
  • concentration of biochemical fulvic acid is 80g/L. L.
  • Polyglutamic acid, amino-oligosaccharins, hollyhock gum, chelated zinc, chelated calcium, water and biochemical fulvic acid are mixed to prepare agricultural preparations containing polyglutamic acid and amino-oligosaccharins.
  • concentration of polyglutamic acid molecular weight is 80,000Da
  • concentration of aminooligosaccharin polymerization degree is 5
  • concentration of marshmallow gum is 1g/L
  • the concentration of biochemical fulvic acid is 100g/L
  • Chelated zinc concentration is 5g/L
  • chelated calcium concentration is 6g/L.
  • Polyglutamic acid, amino-oligosaccharins, hollyhock gum, chelated zinc, chelated calcium, water, glucose and biochemical fulvic acid are mixed to prepare agricultural preparations containing polyglutamic acid and amino-oligosaccharins.
  • concentration of polyglutamic acid molecular weight is 100000Da
  • concentration of aminooligosaccharin degree of polymerization is 6
  • concentration of hollyhock gum is 1.5g/L
  • the concentration of glucose is 20g/L
  • biochemical The concentration of fulvic acid is 100g/L
  • the concentration of chelated zinc is 10g/L
  • concentration of chelated calcium is 10g/L.
  • Example 4 Effect of the agricultural preparation of the present invention on the yield structure of Chinese cabbage
  • Treatment 2 Apply organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer (15-15-15);
  • Treatment 3 Application of organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer (15-15-15), agricultural preparation containing ⁇ -polyglutamic acid and amino-oligosaccharin (prepared in Example 1);
  • the organic fertilizer is a conventional organic fertilizer on the market (N+P 2 O 5 + K 2 O ⁇ 5 %, organic matter ⁇ 45%), and the compound fertilizer (15-15-15) is a commercially available Conventional compound fertilizer.
  • Treatment 1 does not apply fertilizer.
  • To treat 2 mu apply 300kg organic fertilizer and 20kg compound fertilizer as base fertilizer. After the fertilizer is applied, the soil is plowed.
  • Treatment 3 basal fertilizer application is the same as treatment 2, spraying agricultural formulations containing polyglutamic acid and amino-oligosaccharin at a dosage of 5L/mu.
  • test pakchoi was randomly sampled, and the plant height, root length, individual plant weight and other indicators were selected for inspection, as shown in Table 1.
  • Example 5 The influence of the agricultural preparation of the present invention on the yield structure of tomato
  • Treatment 2 Apply organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer (18-18-18);
  • Treatment 3 Application of organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer (18-18-18), agricultural preparation containing polyglutamic acid and amino-oligosaccharin (prepared in Example 2);
  • the organic fertilizer is a conventional organic fertilizer on the market (N+P 2 O 5 + K 2 O ⁇ 5 %, organic matter ⁇ 45%), and the compound fertilizer (18-18-18) is a commercially available fertilizer. Conventional compound fertilizer.
  • Treatment 1 does not apply fertilizer.
  • To treat 2 mu apply 500kg organic fertilizer and 50kg compound fertilizer as base fertilizer. After the fertilizer is applied, the soil is plowed.
  • Treatment 3 Flushing agricultural preparations containing polyglutamic acid and amino-oligosaccharin, flushing once every 7-10 days after transplanting tomatoes, flushing three times throughout the growth period, the dosage is 5L/mu, the basal fertilizer application is the same as in Treatment 2. .
  • test tomatoes were randomly sampled, and indicators such as sugar content and fruit weight per plant were selected for inspection, as shown in Table 2.
  • Example 6 The influence of the agricultural preparation of the present invention on potato yield structure
  • Treatment 2 Apply organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer (15-15-15);
  • Treatment 3 Application of organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer (15-15-15), agricultural formulation containing polyglutamic acid and amino-oligosaccharin (prepared in Example 3);
  • the organic fertilizer described in this embodiment is a conventional organic fertilizer on the market (N+P 2 O 5 +K 2 O ⁇ 5%, organic matter ⁇ 45%), and the compound fertilizer (15-15-15) is a conventional compound fertilizer on the market. fat.
  • Treatment 3 The agricultural preparation of polyglutamic acid and amino-oligosaccharin was used for potato planting, the dosage was 10L/mu, and the water-soluble fertilizer of a large number of elements was applied during the blooming and swelling period, and the dosage was 5L/mu, and the whole growth period was applied 3 times. Other applications are the same as treatment 2.
  • the test potatoes were randomly sampled, and indicators such as individual plant weight and plant height were selected for investigation, as shown in Table 3.
  • the weight of each potato plant in treatment 3 is 188.3g more than that of treatment 1, and 68.0g than that of treatment 2.
  • the plant height of treatment 3 is 20.2cm more than that of treatment 1, and 5.8cm more than that of treatment 2. From this example, it can be seen that the agricultural preparation containing polyglutamic acid and amino-oligosaccharin of the present invention has an excellent disease prevention effect on potatoes, a good plant growth, and a significant increase in potato yield.
  • Example 7 The effect of the agricultural preparation of the present invention on the yield structure of cucumber
  • Treatment 2 Apply organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer (17-17-17);
  • Treatment 3 Application of organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer (17-17-17), agricultural preparation containing polyglutamic acid and amino-oligosaccharin (prepared in Example 2);
  • the organic fertilizer is a conventional organic fertilizer on the market (N+P 2 O 5 +K 2 O ⁇ 5 %, organic matter ⁇ 45%), and the compound fertilizer (17-17-17) is a commercially available Conventional compound fertilizer.
  • Treatment 1 does not apply fertilizer.
  • To treat 2 mu apply 1000kg organic fertilizer and 50kg compound fertilizer as base fertilizer. After the fertilizer is applied, the soil is plowed.
  • Treatment 3 Flushing agricultural preparations containing polyglutamic acid and amino-oligosaccharins, flushing once every 7-10 days after cucumber transplanting, flushing three times throughout the growth period, the dosage is 10L/mu, the basal fertilizer application is the same as in Treatment 2. .
  • the test cucumbers were randomly sampled, and the individual plant weight and length indicators were selected for inspection, as shown in Table 4.
  • Example 8 Effects of agricultural preparations, single ingredient, two ingredients and three ingredients on the yield structure of Chinese cabbage
  • Treatment 1 Conventional fertilization
  • Treatment 2 Conventional fertilization, spraying agricultural formulations containing ⁇ -polyglutamic acid and amino-oligosaccharins (prepared in Example 1), the dosage is 5L per mu;
  • Treatment 3 Conventional fertilization, spraying 5g/L polyglutamic acid, 5L per mu;
  • Treatment 4 Conventional fertilization, spray 8g/L amino-oligosaccharin, 5L per mu;
  • Treatment 5 Conventional fertilization, spraying 0.5g/L of hollyhock gum at a rate of 5L per mu;
  • Treatment 6 Conventional fertilization, spraying 80g/L of biochemical fulvic acid, 5L per mu;
  • Treatment 7 Conventional fertilization, 5g/L polyglutamic acid, 8g/L amino-oligosaccharin, 5L per mu;
  • Treatment 8 Conventional fertilization, 8g/L amino-oligosaccharin, 0.5g/L hollyhock gum, 5L per mu;
  • Treatment 9 Conventional fertilization, 0.5g/L of hollyhock gum, 5g/L of polyglutamic acid, 5L per mu;
  • Treatment 10 Conventional fertilization, 80g/L biochemical fulvic acid, 5g/L polyglutamic acid, 5L per mu;
  • Treatment 11 Conventional fertilization, 0.5g/L of hollyhock gum, 80g/L of biochemical fulvic acid, 5L per mu;
  • Treatment 12 Conventional fertilization, 80g/L biochemical fulvic acid, 8g/L amino-oligosaccharin, 5L per mu;
  • Treatment 13 Conventional fertilization, 5g/L polyglutamic acid, 8g/L aminooligosaccharin and 0.5g/L hollyhock gum, 5L per mu;
  • Treatment 14 Conventional fertilization, 8g/L amino-oligosaccharin, 5g/L polyglutamic acid and 80g/L biochemical fulvic acid, 5L per mu;
  • Treatment 15 Conventional fertilization, with 0.5g/L of hollyhock gum, 80g/L of biochemical fulvic acid, and 5g/L of polyglutamic acid, with a dosage of 5L per mu;
  • Treatment 16 Conventional fertilization, with 80g/L biochemical fulvic acid, 0.5g/L hollyhock gum and 8g/L amino-oligosaccharin, with a dosage of 5L per mu.
  • the conventional fertilization is the application of 300 kg of organic fertilizer, 20 kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) as base fertilizer, the polyglutamic acid used in the treatment has a molecular weight of 50,000 Da, and the degree of polymerization of amino-oligosaccharins is 4.
  • test pakchoi was randomly sampled, and indicators such as plant height, root length, and individual plant weight were selected for inspection, as shown in Table 5.
  • the present invention provides an idea and method for an agricultural preparation containing polyglutamic acid and amino-oligosaccharin. There are many methods and ways to implement this technical solution. The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that: For those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention. All the components that are not clear in this embodiment can be implemented using existing technology.

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Abstract

公开了一种含聚谷氨酸和氨基寡糖素的农用制剂，它为溶液型制剂，活性成分包含5～35g/L的聚谷氨酸、8～15g/L的氨基寡糖素、0.5～1.5g/L的黄蜀葵胶、80～120g/L的有机质，以及中微量元素螯合锌和螯合钙。所述农用制剂通过调整有机质、螯合锌、螯合钙与聚谷氨酸、氨基寡糖素、黄蜀葵胶的配比，可杀灭病原菌、提高作物抗逆能力、增加产量、提高品质，同时能提高肥料利用率，重塑土壤团粒结构，协肥增效，协药增效。此外，所述聚谷氨酸为微生物发酵制备所得，还富含氨基酸、维生素等营养成分，这些成分作为生物刺激素也能增强作物的促生效果。

Description

一种含聚谷氨酸和氨基寡糖素的农用制剂 技术领域
本发明属于农业领域，具体涉及一种含聚谷氨酸和氨基寡糖素(又称壳寡糖)的农用制剂。
背景技术
我国是农业大国，耕地土壤是农业发展的基础，大量的使用化肥，为农业发展和粮食增产做出了突出贡献。但化肥的使用也带来了很多负面问题。肥料的利用率低，土壤板结、土传病害、盐渍化、水体污染等现象，很大程度上威胁了农业的可持续发展，开发高效化、生态化、专业化、简便化和多功能化的新型农用制剂是现代农业的必然趋势和发展潮流，也是未来农业可持续发展的前景产品。现有的肥料存在利用率低，使用量大，造成土壤富营养化，不利于农作物生长的问题。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术的不足，提供一种提高肥料利用率，有效提高作物产量的含聚谷氨酸和氨基寡糖素的农用制剂。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明采取的技术方案如下：
一种含聚谷氨酸和氨基寡糖素的农用制剂，它为溶液型制剂，溶剂为水，包含如下浓度的活性成分：
Figure PCTCN2019105620-appb-000001
配方优选范围：
Figure PCTCN2019105620-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2019105620-appb-000003
其中，所述聚谷氨酸为γ-聚谷氨酸纯品、γ-聚谷氨酸盐纯品、γ-聚谷氨酸发酵液或γ-聚谷氨酸发酵液喷雾干燥粉剂中的任意一种或几种的组合；其中，聚谷氨酸的分子量为5000～100000Da，优选50000～100000Da。本发明所述的聚谷氨酸可以按照现有技术自制或者直接从市场上购买。γ-聚谷氨酸是由微生物发酵产生的一种均聚氨基酸，含有末端胺和多个COO -基团，土壤以及肥料中的Ca 2+、Mg 2+、Zn 2+等可以直接和聚谷氨酸的羧基位点与酰胺基位点键合，形成水溶性的、稳定的聚谷氨酸盐，缓慢的为作物生长提供营养。同时特有的聚羧基结构具有超强的吸水、保水能力，能减少土壤里面的水肥流失，重塑土壤团粒机构。提高农作物光合作用效率和抗逆能力，增加产量、提升作物品质。
所述氨基寡糖素为溶液或粉剂中的任意一种或两种的组合，氨基寡糖素的聚合度为4～6。本发明所述的氨基寡糖素可以按照现有技术自制或者直接从市场上购买。氨基寡糖素(壳寡糖)是指D－氨基葡萄糖以β－1，4糖苷键连接的低聚糖，由几丁质降解得壳聚糖后再降解制得，或由微生物发酵提取的低毒杀菌剂。氨基寡糖素(农业级壳寡糖)能对一些病菌的生长产生抑制作用，影响真菌孢子萌发，诱发菌丝形态发生变异、孢内生化发生改变等。能激发植物体内基因，产生具有抗病作用的几丁酶、葡聚糖酶、保素及PR蛋白等，并具有细胞活化作用，有助于受害植株的恢复，促根壮苗，增强作物的抗逆性，促进植物生长发育。氨基寡糖素溶液，具有杀毒、杀细菌、杀真菌作用。在上应用具有微量(PPM级)、高效、低成本、无公害等特点。
所述的黄蜀葵胶为粉剂，为黄蜀葵的根、茎，经过整理、清洗、干燥、切碎、磨粉、过筛、制备所得，可直接从市场上购买。黄蜀葵胶具有很好的保水、增稠作用，同时保持改农用制剂性能稳定。
所述的有机质为生化黄腐酸、葡萄糖中的任意一种或两种组合。
所述生化黄腐酸为酵母菌发酵糖蜜液的上清液浓缩制备所得。生化黄腐酸具有改良土壤、提高肥料利用率、刺激植物生长、改善农产品品质、增强作物抗逆能力等特点。
当所述的有机质为生化黄腐酸与葡萄糖两种的组合时，本发明对这两种物质的配比没有特别限定，只要有机质包含上述两种物质即可。
组分中聚谷氨酸、氨基寡糖素、黄蜀葵胶、生化黄腐酸、螯合锌、螯合钙，具有协同增效的作用，通过调整生化黄腐酸、螯合锌、螯合钙与聚谷氨酸、氨基寡糖素、黄蜀葵胶的配比，可以改变农用制剂的效用，如提高螯合锌浓度可以提高叶菜类生长，提高螯合钙的浓度瓜果类作物表现更为突出。
上述含聚谷氨酸和氨基寡糖素的农用制剂的制备方法为：将聚谷氨酸、氨基寡糖素、黄蜀葵胶、有机质、螯合锌、螯合钙等进行调配混合。
其中，若有机质中含有生化黄腐酸，则其在其他原料混合后再添加生化黄腐酸。
上述含聚谷氨酸和氨基寡糖素的农用制剂作为肥料的应用也在本发明的保护范围之内。
肥料具体的应用方式是，肥料施用对象为大田作物、经济作物，施用方式冲施或者喷施，冲施施用量为10～800g/亩，喷施用量为5～400g/亩，施用时间为作物整个生长期。
所述的大田作物例如可以是小麦、水稻或玉米等。
所述的经济作物例如可以是水果或蔬菜等。
有益效果：
1、本发明农用制剂通过调整生化黄腐酸、螯合锌、螯合钙与聚谷氨酸、氨基寡糖素、黄蜀葵胶的配比，提高肥料利用率，有效提高作物产量。
2、本发明中聚谷氨酸的发酵液中除了聚谷氨酸外，还富含氨基酸、维生素等营养成分，不仅能促进作物微量元素吸收，这些成分作为生物刺激素也能提高肥料对作物的促生效果，有效提高作物质量。
3、本发明农用制剂配方中的聚谷氨酸、氨基寡糖素、黄蜀葵胶、生化黄腐酸均是生物制品，在土壤中可完全被生物降解，对人体及土壤生物无毒害，对土壤环境无污染。
具体实施方式
根据下述实施例，可以更好地理解本发明。
以下实施例中，部分组分通过如下方法得到。
聚谷氨酸的制备：对聚谷氨酸发酵液处理，添加浓硫酸调pH至3.5左右，升温至70～90℃，保温0.5～1.5小时，随后用氢氧化钠调整pH至5.0～8.0，选择硅藻土和活性炭两者相结合，对处理液进行吸附处理，即制备得到本发明所述的分子量为5000～100000Da；
氨基寡糖素的制备：大肠杆菌发酵制备的粗酶制剂，添加至壳聚糖溶液中，40～60℃条件下反应6～12小时。反应混合物经灭酶活后即为氨基寡糖的浓缩液，通过超滤、纳滤等进行分离纯化，即制备得到本发明所述的聚合度为4～6的氨基寡糖素溶液；
生化黄腐酸的制备：糖蜜液经过酵母菌发酵，培养获得上清液，上清液经过4～5倍浓缩，得到生化黄腐酸，即制备得到本发明所述的生化黄腐酸。
实施例1：
将聚谷氨酸、氨基寡糖素、黄蜀葵胶、水以及生化黄腐酸经过混合制备得到含聚谷氨酸和氨基寡糖素的农用制剂。其中，聚谷氨酸(分子量为50000Da)浓度为5g/L，氨基寡糖素(聚合度为4)浓度为8g/L，黄蜀葵胶浓度为0.5g/L，生化黄腐酸浓度为80g/L。
实施例2：
将聚谷氨酸、氨基寡糖素、黄蜀葵胶、螯合锌、螯合钙、水以及生化黄腐酸经过混合制备得到含聚谷氨酸和氨基寡糖素的农用制剂。其中，聚谷氨酸(分子量为80000Da)浓度为20g/L，氨基寡糖素(聚合度为5)浓度为10g/L，黄蜀葵胶浓度为1g/L，生化黄腐酸浓度为100g/L，螯合锌浓度5g/L，螯合钙浓度6g/L。
实施例3：
将聚谷氨酸、氨基寡糖素、黄蜀葵胶、螯合锌、螯合钙、水、葡萄糖以及生化黄腐酸经过混合制备得到含聚谷氨酸和氨基寡糖素的农用制剂。其中，聚谷氨酸(分子量为100000Da)浓度为35g/L，氨基寡糖素(聚合度为6)浓度为15g/L，黄蜀葵胶浓度为1.5g/L，葡萄糖浓度为20g/L，生化黄腐酸浓度为100g/L，螯合锌浓度10g/L，螯合钙浓度10g/L。
实施例4：本发明所述的农用制剂对小白菜产量结构的影响
为考察本发明农用制剂对小白菜产量结构的影响，试验设计了3个处理：
处理1：不施肥；
处理2：施用有机肥、复合肥(15-15-15)；
处理3：施用有机肥、复合肥(15-15-15)、含γ-聚谷氨酸与氨基寡糖素的农用制剂(实施例1制备得到)；
本实施例中，所述的有机肥为市面常规有机肥(N+P 2O 5+K 2O≥5％，有机质≥45％)，所述的复合肥(15-15-15)为市面常规复合肥。
本实施例为小白菜小区试验，品种为四季小白菜，试验设3次重复，共计9个小区，小区面积为5m×4m＝20m 2，各小区随机分布。处理1不施用肥料。处理2亩施用300kg有机肥，20kg复合肥作基肥，肥料施用后土壤进行翻耕。处理3基肥施用与处理2相同，喷施含聚谷氨酸与氨基寡糖素的农用制剂，用量为5L/亩。
对试验小白菜进行随机取样，选择株高、根长、单株重等指标进行考察，具体如表1所示。
表1施用农用制剂对小白菜产量结构的影响
Figure PCTCN2019105620-appb-000004
通过表1可知，处理3的株高较处理1增加7.2cm，较处理2增加2.1cm；处理3的根长较处理1增加3cm，较处理2增加1cm；单株重处理3较处理1增加42.7g，较处理2增加14.1g。由本实施例可知，本发明中含聚谷氨酸与氨基寡糖素的农用制剂对作物小白菜生长有很好的促进作用，增产效果明显。
实施例5：本发明所述的农用制剂对番茄产量结构的影响
为考察本发明农用制剂对番茄产量结构的影响，试验设计了3个处理：
处理1：不施肥；
处理2：施用有机肥、复合肥(18-18-18)；
处理3：施用有机肥、复合肥(18-18-18)、含聚谷氨酸与氨基寡糖素的农用制剂(实施例2制备得到)；
本实施例中，所述的有机肥为市面常规有机肥(N+P 2O 5+K 2O≥5％，有机质≥45％)，所述的复合肥(18-18-18)为市面常规复合肥。
本实施例为番茄小区试验，品种为苏粉15，试验设3次重复，共计9个小区，小区面积为5m×4m＝20m 2，各小区随机分布。处理1不施用肥料。处理2亩施用500kg有机肥，50kg复合肥作基肥，肥料施用后土壤进行翻耕。处理3冲施含聚谷氨酸与氨基寡糖素的农用制剂，于番茄移栽后每隔7-10天冲施一次，整个生育期冲施3次，用量为5L/亩，基肥施用同处理2。
对试验番茄进行随机取样，选择含糖量、单株果重等指标进行考察，具体如表2所示。
表2施用农制剂对番茄含糖量、单果重量的影响
Figure PCTCN2019105620-appb-000005
通过表2可知，处理3的含糖量较处理1增加0.88％，较处理2增加0.55％；单株果重处理3较处理1增加569.7g，较处理2增加296.2g。由本实施例可知，本发明中含聚谷氨酸与氨基寡糖素的农用制剂对作物番茄口感品质有提升，增产效果显著，在整个生育期植株健壮，不易感染病害。
实施例6：本发明所述的农用制剂对土豆产量结构的影响
为考察本发明农用制剂对土豆产量结构的影响，试验设计了3个处理：
处理1：不施肥；
处理2：施用有机肥、复合肥(15-15-15)；
处理3：施用有机肥、复合肥(15-15-15)、含聚谷氨酸与氨基寡糖素的农用制剂(实施例3制备得到)；
本实施例所述的有机肥为市面常规有机肥(N+P 2O 5+K 2O≥5％，有机质≥45％)，所述的复合肥(15-15-15)为市面常规复合肥。
本实施例为土豆小区试验，品种为万农4号，试验设3次重复，共计9个小区，小区面积为6m×4m＝24m 2各小区随机分布。各小区随机分布。处理1不施用肥料。处理2亩施用800kg有机肥，50kg复合肥作基肥，肥料施用后土壤进行翻耕，土豆定植时使用烯酰吗啉防疫病，盛花期及膨大期追施大量元素水溶肥，用量为10kg/亩。处理3土豆定植时使用聚谷氨酸与氨基寡糖素的农用制剂，用量为10L/亩，盛花期及膨大期配合大量元素水溶肥施用，用量为5L/亩，整个生育期施用3次，其他施用同处理2。对试验土豆进行随机取样，选择单株重、株高等指标进行考察，具体如表3所示。
表3施用农制剂对土豆单株重、株高的影响
Figure PCTCN2019105620-appb-000006
通过表3可知，处理3的单株土豆重量较处理1增加188.3g，较处理2增加68.0g；单株株高处理3较处理1增加20.2cm，较处理2增加5.8cm。由本实施例可知，本发明中含聚谷氨酸与氨基寡糖素的农用制剂对土豆防病效果出色，植株长势好，土豆增产效果显著。
实施例7：本发明所述的农用制剂对黄瓜产量结构的影响
为考察本发明农用制剂对黄瓜产量结构的影响，试验设计了3个处理：
处理1：不施肥；
处理2：施用有机肥、复合肥(17-17-17)；
处理3：施用有机肥、复合肥(17-17-17)、含聚谷氨酸与氨基寡糖素的农用制剂(实施例2制备得到)；
本实施例中，所述的有机肥为市面常规有机肥(N+P 2O 5+K 2O≥5％，有机质≥45％)，所述的复合肥(17-17-17)为市面常规复合肥。
本实施例为黄瓜小区试验，品种为津优5号，试验设3次重复，共计9个小区，小区面积为5m×4m＝20m 2，各小区随机分布。处理1不施用肥料。处理2亩施用1000kg有机肥，50kg复合肥作基肥，肥料施用后土壤进行翻耕。处理3冲施含聚谷氨酸与氨基寡糖素的农用制剂，于黄瓜移栽后每隔7-10天冲施一次，整个生育期冲施3次，用量为10L/亩，基肥施用同处理2。对试验黄瓜进行随机取样，选择单株瓜重、瓜长指标进行考察，具体如表4所示。
表4施用农用制剂对黄瓜产量结构的影响
Figure PCTCN2019105620-appb-000007
通过表4可知，处理3的单株果重较处理1增加375.4g，较处理2增加169.4g；瓜长处理3较处理1增加12cm，较处理2增加4.3cm。由本实施例可知，本发明中含聚谷氨酸与氨基寡糖素的农用制剂对作物黄瓜增产效果显著，果型好，商品性好，且在整个生长期，黄瓜植株叶片油绿、肥厚，植株长势旺盛，根结线虫等病虫害明显减少，采摘期可延长15天以上，产量会进一步提高。
实施例8：农用制剂、单一成分、两种成分以及三种成分对小白菜产量结构的影响
考察本发明农用制剂、单一成分、两种成分以及三种成分对小白菜产量结构影响，在其它地块安排试验，试验设计了16个处理：
处理1：常规施肥；
处理2：常规施肥，喷施含γ-聚谷氨酸与氨基寡糖素的农用制剂(实施例1制备得到)，亩用量5L；
处理3：常规施肥，喷施5g/L的聚谷氨酸，亩用量5L；
处理4：常规施肥，喷施8g/L的氨基寡糖素，亩用量5L；
处理5：常规施肥，喷施0.5g/L的黄蜀葵胶，亩用量5L；
处理6：常规施肥，喷施80g/L的生化黄腐酸，亩用量5L；
处理7：常规施肥，冲施5g/L的聚谷氨酸、8g/L的氨基寡糖素，亩用量5L；
处理8：常规施肥，冲施8g/L的氨基寡糖素、0.5g/L的黄蜀葵胶，亩用量5L；
处理9：常规施肥，冲施0.5g/L的黄蜀葵胶、5g/L的聚谷氨酸，亩用量5L；
处理10：常规施肥，冲施80g/L的生化黄腐酸、5g/L的聚谷氨酸，亩用量5L；
处理11：常规施肥，冲施0.5g/L的黄蜀葵胶、80g/L的生化黄腐酸，亩用量5L；
处理12：常规施肥，冲施80g/L的生化黄腐酸、8g/L的氨基寡糖素，亩用量5L；
处理13：常规施肥，冲施5g/L的聚谷氨酸、8g/L的氨基寡糖素和0.5g/L的黄蜀葵胶，亩用量5L；
处理14：常规施肥，冲施8g/L的氨基寡糖素、5g/L的聚谷氨酸和80g/L的生化黄腐酸，亩用量5L；
处理15：常规施肥，冲施0.5g/L的黄蜀葵胶、80g/L的生化黄腐酸和5g/L的聚谷氨酸，亩用量5L；
处理16：常规施肥，冲施80g/L的生化黄腐酸、0.5g/L的黄蜀葵胶和8g/L的氨基寡糖素，亩用量5L。
所述的常规施肥为施用300kg有机肥，20kg复合肥(15-15-15)作基肥，处理中所用聚谷氨酸为分子量50000Da，氨基寡糖素聚合度为4。
本实施例为小白菜小区试验，品种为四季小白菜，试验设3次重复，共计48个小区，小区面积为2m×3m＝6m 2，各小区随机分布。
对试验小白菜进行随机取样，选择株高、根长、单株重等指标进行考察，具体如表5所示。
表5施用农用制剂、单一成分、两种成分及三种成分对小白菜产量结构的影响
Figure PCTCN2019105620-appb-000008
通过表5可知，处理2的株高较处理1增加8.9cm，较处理2根长较处理1增加3.4cm，较处理2单株重较处理1增加39.0g；处理2较其他处理，都有较好的表现.。从整体数据来看，本发明中含聚谷氨酸与氨基寡糖素的农用制剂与配方组份中的单一成分、两种成分及三种成分比较，小白菜从株高、根长上都有较好的表现，同时增产效果也明显。聚谷氨酸、氨基寡糖素、生化黄腐酸、黄蜀葵胶四种组分具有良好的协同增效作用。
本发明提供了一种含聚谷氨酸和氨基寡糖素的农用制剂的思路及方法，具体实现该技术方案的方法和途径很多，以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对 于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。本实施例中未明确的各组成部分均可用现有技术加以实现。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种含聚谷氨酸和氨基寡糖素的农用制剂，其特征在于，它为溶液型制剂，溶剂为水，包含如下浓度的活性成分：
    Figure PCTCN2019105620-appb-100001
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的含聚谷氨酸和氨基寡糖素的农用制剂，其特征在于，所述聚谷氨酸为γ-聚谷氨酸纯品、γ-聚谷氨酸盐纯品、γ-聚谷氨酸发酵液或γ-聚谷氨酸发酵液喷雾干燥粉剂中的任意一种或几种的组合。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的含聚谷氨酸和氨基寡糖素的农用制剂，其特征在于，所述的聚谷氨酸的分子量为5000～100000Da。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的含聚谷氨酸和氨基寡糖素的农用制剂，其特征在于，所述氨基寡糖素的聚合度为4～6。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的含聚谷氨酸和氨基寡糖素的农用制剂，其特征在于，所述有机质为生化黄腐酸、葡萄糖中的任意一种或两种组合。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的含聚谷氨酸和氨基寡糖素的农用制剂，其特征在于，所述生化黄腐酸为酵母菌发酵糖蜜液的上清液浓缩制备所得。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的含聚谷氨酸和氨基寡糖素的农用制剂，其特征在于，该农用制剂的pH为5.0～7.0，水不溶物≤20g/L。
  8. 权利要求1所述的含聚谷氨酸和氨基寡糖素的农用制剂作为肥料的应用。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的应用，其特征在于，肥料施用对象为大田作物、经济作物，施用方式为冲施或者喷施，冲施施用量为10～800g/亩，喷施用量为5～400g/亩，施用时间为作物整个生长期。
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