WO2020156080A1 - 叉车转向桥及叉车 - Google Patents

叉车转向桥及叉车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020156080A1
WO2020156080A1 PCT/CN2020/070971 CN2020070971W WO2020156080A1 WO 2020156080 A1 WO2020156080 A1 WO 2020156080A1 CN 2020070971 W CN2020070971 W CN 2020070971W WO 2020156080 A1 WO2020156080 A1 WO 2020156080A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
transmission gear
steering
forklift
king pin
bridge body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2020/070971
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
韩继峰
李发旺
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BYD Co Ltd
Original Assignee
BYD Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BYD Co Ltd filed Critical BYD Co Ltd
Publication of WO2020156080A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020156080A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
    • B62D5/04—Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D3/00—Steering gears
    • B62D3/02—Steering gears mechanical
    • B62D3/12—Steering gears mechanical of rack-and-pinion type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
    • B62D5/06—Power-assisted or power-driven steering fluid, i.e. using a pressurised fluid for most or all the force required for steering a vehicle
    • B62D5/20—Power-assisted or power-driven steering fluid, i.e. using a pressurised fluid for most or all the force required for steering a vehicle specially adapted for particular type of steering gear or particular application
    • B62D5/22—Power-assisted or power-driven steering fluid, i.e. using a pressurised fluid for most or all the force required for steering a vehicle specially adapted for particular type of steering gear or particular application for rack-and-pinion type

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a forklift steering mechanism, in particular, to a forklift steering axle and a forklift.
  • the existing forklift steering mechanism usually uses an oil pump to drive a hydraulic steering system to achieve wheel steering.
  • This hydraulic drive method has the following defects:
  • Forklifts have high energy consumption: under normal circumstances, only one oil pump is installed on the forklift, which not only provides power for the working system to meet the lifting conditions, but also provides power for the hydraulic steering system to achieve steering.
  • the oil pump flow and pressure are generally relatively large .
  • the hydraulic steering system requires relatively small flow and low pressure. If the forklift does not perform the lifting operation and only needs to turn, the oil pump needs to be started, which will cause a "big horse-drawn trolley" phenomenon, resulting in waste of power and energy. The consumption loss is large.
  • the purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a forklift steering axle, which has low energy consumption and high steering accuracy.
  • the present disclosure provides a forklift steering axle, including a bridge body, a motor, a steering gear, a steering rack, a left steering mechanism and a right steering mechanism.
  • the steering gear meshes with the steering rack, and the steering Two ends of the rack are respectively connected with the left steering mechanism and the right steering mechanism, and the motor is used to drive the steering gear to rotate, thereby driving the steering rack to move left and right to realize wheel steering.
  • each steering mechanism includes a connecting rod, a rocker arm, a king pin, and a wheel bracket, one end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected with the end of the steering rack, and the other end of the connecting rod It is rotatably connected to one end of the rocker arm, the other end of the rocker arm is connected to the king pin, both ends of the bridge body are formed with a king pin seat, and the king pin rotatably passes through the king pin seat , The lower end of the king pin is fixedly connected with the wheel bracket.
  • one end of the rocker arm is connected to the connecting rod, the other end of the rocker arm is formed as a sleeve, and the sleeve is sleeved on the king pin and is connected to the main pin.
  • the pins are connected by keys.
  • the steering rack is located above the bridge, the rocker arm is connected to the upper section of the king pin, and the lower section of the king pin penetrates the king pin seat.
  • a bearing is arranged in the kingpin seat, the bearing is sleeved on the kingpin, the forklift steering axle further includes a bearing cover, and the bearing cover is installed on the bridge body
  • the upper and cover are arranged on the upper end of the king pin seat, the king pin penetrates the bearing cover, and a first sealing ring is arranged between the bearing cover and the king pin.
  • the bearing includes a first tapered roller bearing and a second tapered roller bearing that are spaced apart, and the first tapered roller bearing is located below the second tapered roller bearing.
  • One side of the first tapered roller bearing abuts on the step surface on the king pin, and the other side abuts on the step surface on the inner wall of the king pin seat; one side of the second tapered roller bearing Abutting with the stepped surface on the inner wall of the king pin seat, and abutting with the nut installed on the king pin on the other side.
  • the forklift steering axle further includes a support plate and a connecting plate, the upper end of the connecting plate is connected with the support plate, the lower end of the connecting plate is connected with the bearing cover, and the main The upper end of the pin is rotatably mounted on the support plate.
  • the forklift steering axle further includes a limiting member installed on the connecting plate for limiting the rotation angle of the rocker arm.
  • the forklift steering axle further includes an upper housing located above the bridge body and fixedly connected to the bridge body, and the steering rack is mounted on the upper housing And penetrate the upper shell.
  • the steering rack has a cylindrical structure, and the steering rack includes a left section, a middle section, and a right section.
  • the middle section is formed with teeth, and the middle section is located in the upper housing.
  • the left section and the right section pass through the upper housing to be connected to the left steering mechanism and the right steering mechanism, respectively, between the left section and the upper housing and between the right section and the A guide sleeve and a second sealing ring are arranged between the upper shells.
  • the forklift steering axle further includes a deceleration mechanism
  • the motor is mounted on the bridge body, the motor is connected to the steering rack through the deceleration mechanism, and the axle body forms There is a cavity, and the upper casing closes the upper end opening of the cavity and together with the bridge body defines a closed space for accommodating the speed reduction mechanism.
  • the reduction mechanism includes a first installation shaft, a second installation shaft, a third installation shaft, a fourth installation shaft, a first transmission gear, a second transmission gear, a third transmission gear, and a fourth installation shaft.
  • the transmission gear, the fifth transmission gear and the sixth transmission gear, the first mounting shaft, the second mounting shaft and the third mounting shaft are installed in the bridge body, and the fourth mounting shaft is installed in the In the upper housing, the first transmission gear is mounted on the first mounting shaft, the second transmission gear and the third transmission gear are mounted on the second mounting shaft, and the fourth transmission gear and
  • the fifth transmission gear is mounted on the third mounting shaft, the sixth transmission gear and the steering gear are mounted on the fourth mounting shaft, and the output shaft of the motor is connected to the first mounting shaft Connected, the first transmission gear meshes with the second transmission gear, the third transmission gear meshes with the fourth transmission gear, the fifth transmission gear meshes with the sixth transmission gear, and the first transmission gear meshes with the sixth transmission gear.
  • the diameter of a transmission gear is smaller than the diameter of the second transmission gear, the diameter of the second transmission gear is larger than the diameter of the third transmission gear, and the diameter of the third transmission gear is smaller than the diameter of the fourth transmission gear ,
  • the diameter of the fourth transmission gear is larger than the diameter of the fifth transmission gear, the diameter of the fifth transmission gear is smaller than the diameter of the sixth transmission gear, and the diameter of the sixth transmission gear is larger than the diameter of the steering gear .
  • the motor is located outside the bridge.
  • the upper shell is provided with an oil injection hole for injecting lubricating oil into the cavity
  • the bridge is provided with a drain for draining lubricating oil in the cavity.
  • the oil hole is located at the bottom of the bridge body, the oil injection hole is located at the top of the upper casing, the oil injection hole is installed with an oil injection hole plug, and the oil injection hole is blocked with an exhaust hole formed , The oil drain hole is closed by the oil drain hole plug cover.
  • the present disclosure also provides a forklift including the forklift steering axle described above.
  • the forklift steering axle provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure has low energy consumption and high steering accuracy.
  • the forklift steering axle uses the motor as a unique power source, and does not need to share the power source with other power systems.
  • the motor is used as the power source, which makes the power source itself more accurate; on the other hand, mechanical transmission mechanisms such as gears and racks are used to make the transmission accuracy higher. Combining the above two aspects, Therefore, the forklift steering axle of the present disclosure has higher steering accuracy.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective schematic view of a forklift steering axle provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 2 is a front view of a forklift steering axle provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of the forklift steering axle of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a top view of a forklift steering axle provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 5 is a side view of a forklift steering axle provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the A-A broken line in Figure 3;
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B in Figure 3;
  • Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line D-D in Figure 6;
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a forklift provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a forklift steering axle 100.
  • the forklift steering axle 100 includes a bridge body 1, a motor 2, a steering gear 3, a steering rack 4, a left steering mechanism, and a right steering
  • the steering gear 3 meshes with the steering rack 4.
  • the two ends of the steering rack 4 are respectively connected to the left steering mechanism and the right steering mechanism, and the left steering mechanism and the right steering mechanism are respectively connected to the hub of the wheel 11 is fixedly connected, the motor 2 is used to drive the steering gear 3 to rotate, the steering gear 3 can drive the steering rack 4 to move left and right, and the steering rack 4 drives the left and right steering mechanisms to rotate, thereby driving the left and right wheels of the forklift 200 to steer To achieve wheel steering.
  • the forklift steering axle 100 uses the motor 2 as a unique power source, and does not need to share the power source with other power systems.
  • the motor 2 needs to be started to drive the wheels to turn, without starting other power sources. Avoid waste of energy; and, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, on the one hand, the motor 2 is used as the power source, so that the power source itself has a relatively high accuracy, and on the other hand, a mechanical transmission mechanism such as a rack and pinion is used, so that the transmission accuracy is also relatively high. Integrating the above two aspects, the forklift steering axle 100 of the present disclosure has higher steering accuracy. .
  • the motor 2 in the embodiment of the present disclosure may be a servo motor, a stepping motor, etc.
  • a signal generator may be installed in the steering column of the forklift 200, and the signal generator may be controlled by the motor 2 described above. The windings are connected. When the steering wheel is turned, the signal generator can be triggered to generate a level signal. The motor 2 starts to rotate when the level signal is received.
  • the rotary motion of the motor 2 is transformed into the linear motion of the steering rack 4 through the transmission of the steering gear 3 , So as to realize the wheel steering; when the steering wheel rotates in the opposite direction, the signal generator will generate the opposite level signal, so the rotation direction of the motor 2 is also the opposite, which can realize the forklift 200 to turn in different directions; When it stops rotating, the level signal stops, and the motor 2 also stops immediately.
  • the steering control process of the forklift in the embodiments of the present disclosure has a fast response speed and high accuracy. Since the rotation of the steering wheel and the rotation of the wheels always maintain a corresponding relationship, there will be no drift. Phenomenon, higher security.
  • the motor 2 can also be connected to the controller of the forklift 200, and the motor 2 can be turned on or off through the controller to realize the automatic steering of the forklift 200.
  • the above-mentioned left steering mechanism and right steering mechanism may have the same structure and are arranged in mirror images at both ends of the bridge 1, wherein each steering mechanism Including connecting rod 5, rocker arm 6, king pin 7 and wheel bracket 8.
  • the connecting rod 5 is formed in an arc shape, one end of the connecting rod 5 is rotatably connected with the end of the steering rack 4, and the other end is rotatably connected with one end of the rocker arm 6 to convert the linear motion of the steering rack 4 into the rocker arm 6
  • the connecting rod 5 can be installed to the end of the steering rack 4 and the end of the rocker arm 6 by rivets, pins and other fasteners.
  • the other end of the rocker arm 6 is connected to the king pin 7.
  • the end of the rocker arm 6 connected to the connecting rod 5 can be formed as an arm 601 extending radially outward along the king pin 7.
  • the connecting end of the king pin 7 can be formed as a sleeve 602, the sleeve 602 is sleeved on the king pin 7, and is clamped with the king pin 7 through the key 701, so that the rocker arm 6 can drive the king pin 7 to rotate through the key 701.
  • the rocker arm 6 may also only be formed as an arm 601 extending radially outward along the main pin 7, and the arm 601 is fixed on the main pin 7 by welding, clamping, etc. There is no restriction on this publicly.
  • the king pin 7 is rotatably inserted in the king pin seat 101, and the lower end of the king pin 7 passes through the king pin seat 101 and is fixed to the wheel bracket 8. Connection, such as welding, but the present disclosure is not limited to this.
  • the king pin 7 is formed as a stepped shaft gradually increasing from top to bottom, including an upper section and a lower section. The upper section of the king pin 7 is connected to the rocker arm 6, and the lower section of the king pin 7 penetrates through the main pin seat 101 .
  • the steering rack 4, the connecting rod 5, and the rocker arm 6 are all arranged above the bridge body 1, which can prevent the bridge body 1 from obstructing the movement of the connecting rod 5 and the rocker arm 6 and increase the range of the rocker arm 6 rotation angle.
  • a bearing is provided in the kingpin seat 101 to support the rotation of the kingpin 7.
  • the bearing may include a second spaced apart from each other.
  • a tapered roller bearing 1011 and a second tapered roller bearing 1012 the first tapered roller bearing 1011 is located below the second tapered roller bearing 1012, one side of the first tapered roller bearing 1011 is on the step of the king pin 7
  • the second tapered roller bearing 1012 abuts against the stepped surface on the inner wall of the kingpin housing 101, and the other side abuts against the stepped surface on the inner wall of the kingpin housing 101;
  • the nut 702 on the pin 7 abuts.
  • the forklift steering axle 100 may also include a bearing cover 102, which is mounted on the bridge body 1 and covers the upper end of the kingpin base 101.
  • the bearing cover 102 can be fixed on the upper end of the kingpin base 101 by means of bolts or the like, so that For disassembly.
  • the bearing cover 102 is formed with a through hole allowing the king pin 7 to pass through.
  • the king pin 7 protrudes from the bearing cover 102 through the through hole and will extend into the sleeve 602 of the rocker arm 6.
  • the bearing cover 102 and the king pin 7 A first sealing ring is provided between the two to prevent dust from entering the main pin seat 101.
  • the same sealing ring as the first sealing ring can also be provided between the main pin 7 and the lower end of the main pin seat 101 to prevent the main pin
  • the lubricating oil in the pin seat 101 leaks.
  • the first sealing ring may be a lip type sealing ring to facilitate the installation of the king pin 7.
  • the forklift steering axle 100 further includes a supporting plate 108 and a connecting plate 109, and the supporting plate 108 and the connecting plate 109 are arranged around the rocker arm 6.
  • the connecting plate 109 is formed in a tile-like structure, and the lower end of the connecting plate 109 is connected to the bearing cover 102, for example, it can be directly welded to the bearing cover 102 or integrally formed with the bearing cover 102, which is not limited in the present disclosure; the connecting plate 109 The upper end is connected to the support plate 108, for example, can be connected by screw fastening.
  • the support plate 108 is arranged horizontally above the rocker arm 6, so that the upper end of the king pin 7 passes through the sleeve 602 of the rocker arm 6 and can rotate. Installed at the lower end of the support plate 108.
  • the forklift steering axle 100 further includes a limiting member 13 installed on the connecting plate 109 for limiting the rotation angle of the rocker arm 6.
  • the limiting member 13 is formed in a cylindrical shape, and the limiting member 13 is horizontally eccentrically fixed on the connecting plate 109 by fasteners such as screws.
  • the angle that the wheel has rotated is the maximum angle.
  • the maximum angle of rotation of the wheel driven by the rocker arm 6 can reach more than 105°. In this way, the wheels can have a smaller turning radius when turning, so that the forklift 200 can also perform loading and unloading work in a narrow field.
  • the eccentric direction of the limiting member 13 can be adjusted, and then tightening the fastener to fix the limiting member 13, so that the range of the rotation angle of the rocker arm 6 can be adjusted.
  • the limiter 13 is used to prevent the rotation angle of the wheel from exceeding the preset rotation angle when the control program fails.
  • the forklift steering axle 100 may also include a rotation angle sensor 9 installed above the support plate 108 of the left steering mechanism or the right steering mechanism for detecting the instantaneous rotation angle of the wheels.
  • the wheel bracket 8 may be formed into an L-shaped reverse arrangement, the horizontal section of the wheel bracket 8 is fixedly connected with the king pin 7, and the vertical section is fixedly connected with the hub 11 of the wheel.
  • the kingpin 7 can drive the wheel bracket 8 to turn, so that the wheel bracket 8 drives the wheel to turn.
  • the hub 11 of the wheel includes a hub axle 1101, a hub seat 1102, and a dust cover 1103.
  • the wheel bracket 8 can be fixed to the hub axle 1101 of the wheel by means of casting, welding, fastener fastening, etc.
  • the present disclosure does not limit this; the other end of the hub axle 1101 penetrates the hub seat 1102 and is supported by a bearing (such as a tapered roller bearing), and is fastened to the hub seat by a nut 702 (such as a slotted nut) 1102, and sealed by a dust cover 1103 and a sealing ring, the hub seat 1102 and the hub axle 1101 can be filled with lubricant to reduce friction.
  • the tire 12 is installed on the hub seat 1102 by bolts and other fasteners. When the wheel bracket 8 drives the hub 11 to rotate, the tire 12 rotates with the hub 11 relative to the ground.
  • the forklift steering axle 100 further includes an upper housing 14.
  • the upper housing 14 is located above the bridge body 1 and is fixedly connected to the bridge body 1.
  • the body 14 can be used to fix the upper housing 14 on the bridge body 1 by fasteners such as screws or pins, but it is not limited to this.
  • the steering rack 4 is installed on the upper housing 14 and penetrates the upper housing 14. According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, as shown in FIG. 8, the steering rack 4 has a cylindrical structure.
  • the steering rack 4 includes a left section 401, a middle section 402, and a right section 403.
  • the middle section 402 is formed to cooperate with the steering gear 3. Teeth, and the middle section 402 is located in the upper housing 14, the left section 401 and the right section 403 pass through the upper housing 14 to be respectively connected with the left steering mechanism and the right steering mechanism, between the left section 401 and the upper housing 14 and the right section
  • a guide sleeve 404 and a second sealing ring 405 are arranged between the 403 and the upper housing 14.
  • the guide sleeve 404 is fixed on the inner wall of the upper housing 14 for guiding the steering rack 4.
  • a threaded sleeve 406 may be provided between the guide sleeve 404 and the inner wall of the upper casing 14.
  • the inner wall of the threaded sleeve 406 is formed with a first limiting groove and a second limiting groove, and the guide sleeve 404 is installed in the first limiting groove, the sealing ring is installed in the second limiting groove, an external thread is formed on the outer wall of the screw sleeve 406, and the screw sleeve 406 is arranged between the guide sleeve 404 and the inner wall of the upper housing 14. Intermittently and threadedly connected with the inner wall of the upper housing 14.
  • the forklift steering axle 100 also includes a deceleration mechanism.
  • the motor 2 is mounted on the bridge body 1.
  • the motor 2 is connected to the steering rack 4 through the deceleration mechanism.
  • a cavity is formed in the bridge body 1.
  • the upper housing 14 closes the upper end opening of the cavity and together with the bridge body 1 defines a closed space for accommodating the speed reduction mechanism.
  • the reduction mechanism includes a first mounting shaft 15, a second mounting shaft 16, a third mounting shaft 17, a fourth mounting shaft 18, a first transmission gear 1501, a second transmission gear 1601, and a third transmission
  • the gear 1602, the fourth transmission gear 1701, the fifth transmission gear 1702 and the sixth transmission gear 1801, the first mounting shaft 15, the second mounting shaft 16, and the third mounting shaft 17 are installed in the bridge 1, and the fourth mounting shaft 18 Installed in the upper housing 14, the first transmission gear 1501 is installed on the first installation shaft 15, the second transmission gear 1601 and the third transmission gear 1602 are installed on the second installation shaft 16, the fourth transmission gear 1701 and the fifth
  • the transmission gear 1702 is mounted on the third mounting shaft 17, the sixth transmission gear 1801 and the steering gear 3 are mounted on the fourth mounting shaft 18.
  • the output shaft 201 of the motor 2 is connected to the first mounting shaft 15, and the first transmission gear 1501 is connected to the The second transmission gear 1601 meshes, the third transmission gear 1602 meshes with the fourth transmission gear 1701, and the fifth transmission gear 1702 meshes with the sixth transmission gear 1801.
  • the diameter of the first transmission gear 1501 is smaller than the diameter of the second transmission gear 1601.
  • the diameter of the second transmission gear 1601 is larger than the diameter of the third transmission gear 1602, the diameter of the third transmission gear 1602 is smaller than the diameter of the fourth transmission gear 1701, the diameter of the fourth transmission gear 1701 is larger than the diameter of the fifth transmission gear 1702, the fifth transmission The diameter of the gear 1702 is smaller than the diameter of the sixth transmission gear 1801, and the diameter of the sixth transmission gear 1801 is larger than the diameter of the steering gear 3.
  • the motor 2 may be located outside the bridge 1, and the speed reduction mechanism is arranged in the cavity of the bridge 1 along a vertical plane.
  • a through hole is formed on the bridge body 1 to allow the output shaft 201 of the motor 2 to pass through, so that the output shaft 201 of the motor 2 is keyed to the first mounting shaft 15 in the cavity.
  • the location can be sealed by the end cover 10 and the sealing ring to prevent the bearing from detaching and the lubricating oil in the cavity from leaking.
  • a support shaft 103 may also be provided to reduce the length of the second mounting shaft 16 and avoid fatigue failure of the second mounting shaft 16; according to some embodiments of the present disclosure,
  • the second transmission gear 1601 and the third transmission gear 1602 on the second mounting shaft 16 may be double gears and formed integrally with the second mounting shaft 16 to reduce the number of parts, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
  • a first mounting cover 104 is also provided on the bridge body 1, and the first mounting cover 104 is arranged corresponding to the third mounting shaft 17 and sealed with a sealing ring to facilitate installation or maintenance of the speed reduction mechanism; according to some embodiments of the present disclosure,
  • the four transmission gear 1701 can be connected with the third mounting shaft 17 through a key to facilitate installation.
  • a second mounting cover 1401 may also be formed on the upper housing 14.
  • the second mounting cover 1401 is arranged corresponding to the fourth mounting shaft 18 and sealed with a sealing ring to facilitate the mounting of the fourth mounting shaft 18; according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • the sixth transmission gear 1801 and the steering gear 3 on the fourth mounting shaft 18 may be double gears and integrally formed with the fourth mounting shaft 18 to reduce the number of parts, but the present disclosure is not limited to this.
  • the transmission gears of the aforementioned reduction mechanism are all supported in the cavity with rolling bearings to reduce friction. In other embodiments, sliding bearings and other bearings may also be used.
  • the reduction mechanism can also be designed as a five-stage transmission mechanism, a six-stage transmission mechanism, etc.
  • the present disclosure does not limit the number of installation shafts and transmission gears.
  • the deceleration mechanism may also be designed as a coaxial multi-stage planetary deceleration mechanism, or the deceleration mechanism may be horizontally arranged in the cavity of the bridge 1, which is not limited in the present disclosure.
  • the bridge body 1 is provided with an oil drain hole 106 for draining lubricating oil in the cavity.
  • the oil drain hole 106 is located at the bottom of the bridge body 1, and the oil drain hole 106 is blocked by the oil drain hole. Closed.
  • the upper housing 14 is provided with an oil injection hole 1402 for injecting lubricating oil into the cavity.
  • the oil injection hole 1402 is located at the top of the upper housing 14, and the oil injection hole 1402 is installed with an oil injection hole plug.
  • an oil level hole 105 is also formed on the bridge body 1, and the oil level hole 105 is located in the middle of the bridge body 1, and is used to detect the level of the lubricating oil in the cavity of the bridge body 1.
  • the oil level hole 105 When filling lubricating oil into the cavity, when the lubricating oil flows out from the oil level hole 105, it means that the lubricating oil in the cavity reaches the required filling amount, and the filling is stopped.
  • the oil level hole 105 is closed by an oil level screw plug.
  • a mounting hole 107 is also formed on the bridge body 1 for a mounting shaft installed on the forklift body, so that the forklift steering axle 100 is assembled to the forklift body.
  • the working principle of the forklift steering axle 100 of the embodiment of the present disclosure is as follows:
  • the signal generator sends a level signal to the controller or the control winding of the motor 2.
  • the controller or the control winding starts the motor 2 to rotate, and the output shaft 201 of the motor 2 drives the first
  • the mounting shaft 15 rotates, the first transmission gear 1501 drives the second transmission gear 1601 to rotate, the second transmission gear 1601 drives the third transmission gear 1602 to rotate, the third transmission gear 1602 drives the fourth transmission gear 1701 to rotate, and the fourth transmission gear 1701 drives
  • the fifth transmission gear 1702 rotates, the fifth transmission gear 1702 drives the sixth transmission gear 1801 to rotate, the sixth transmission gear 1801 drives the steering gear 3 to rotate, the steering gear 3 drives the steering rack 4 to move left and right, and the steering rack 4 pulls the connecting rod 5.
  • the connecting rod 5 pushes (or pulls) the rocker arm 6 of the left steering mechanism to rotate, and the connecting rod 5 pulls (or pushes) the rocker arm 6 of the right steering mechanism to rotate in reverse, the rocker arm 6 drives the kingpin 7 to rotate, and the kingpin 7 drives the wheel bracket 8 to rotate, and the wheel bracket 8 drives the wheel hub 11 to rotate, so that the left and right wheels of the forklift 200 are turned in opposite directions, and the forklift 200 is turned.
  • the automatic control system In the automatic driving working mode, the automatic control system is used to steer the forklift 200, and the controller controls the motor 2 to start, and its transmission process is consistent with the above-mentioned manual driving working mode, thereby driving the wheels to turn.
  • the rotation angle sensor 9 detects the wheel rotation angle in real time. When the wheel rotation angle reaches the set parameter, the controller sends a stop steering command to the motor 2 and the motor 2 stops running, and the wheel steering of the forklift 200 is completed.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a forklift 200 including the forklift steering axle 100 as described above.
  • the bridge body 1 can be assembled to the body of the forklift 200 through the mounting holes 107 on the bridge body 1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forklifts And Lifting Vehicles (AREA)
  • Power Steering Mechanism (AREA)

Abstract

一种叉车转向桥(100)及叉车，该叉车转向桥(100)包括桥体(1)、电机(2)、转向齿轮(3)、转向齿条(4)、左转向机构和右转向机构，转向齿轮(3)与转向齿条(4)啮合，转向齿条(4)的两端分别与左转向机构和右转向机构相连，电机(2)用于驱动转向齿轮(3)旋转，从而带动转向齿条(4)左右移动，以实现车轮转向。

Description

叉车转向桥及叉车
相关申请的交叉引用
本公开基于申请号为201910093531.2，申请日为2019年1月30日的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本公开作为参考。
技术领域
本公开涉及叉车转向机构，具体地，涉及一种叉车转向桥及叉车。
背景技术
现有的叉车转向机构通常采用油泵驱动液压转向系统实现车轮转向，这种液压驱动方式存在以下缺陷：
1.叉车能耗高：通常情况下，叉车上只设置有一个油泵，既为工作系统提供动力以满足起升工况，也为液压转向系统提供动力以实现转向，油泵流量、压力一般比较大，而液压转向系统所需流量、压力低都比较小，若叉车没有执行起升操作，仅需要转向时，也需要启动油泵，就会出现“大马拉小车”的现象，造成功率浪费，能耗损失较大。
2.控制精度低：由于液压转向系统是由摆线转子泵、配流阀等组成，内泄量较大，所以方向盘转角与车轮转角不能实现恒定对应，在不同的车轮负荷、路面状况下，方向盘转动相同的角度时车轮的转角是不相同的，会导致方向盘的中位常常会发生漂移，使驾驶员产生错觉而降低安全性；并且通过液压控制的方式响应速度较慢，也会降低方向盘控制的精度。
发明内容
本公开的目的是提供一种叉车转向桥，该叉车转向桥能耗少、转向精度高。
为了实现上述目的，本公开提供一种叉车转向桥，包括桥体、电机、转向齿轮、转向齿条、左转向机构和右转向机构，所述转向齿轮与所述转向齿条啮合，所述转向齿条的两端分别与所述左转向机构和所述右转向机构相连，所述电机用于驱动所述转向齿轮旋转，从而带动所述转向齿条左右移动，以实现车轮转向。
根据本公开的一些实施例，每个转向机构包括连杆、摇臂、主销和车轮支架，所述连杆的一端与所述转向齿条的端部转动连接，所述连杆的另一端与所述摇臂的一端转动连接，所述摇臂的另一端与所述主销连接，桥体的两端形成有主销座，所述主销可转动地穿设于所述主销座，所述主销的下端与所述车轮支架固定连接。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述摇臂的一端与所述连杆相连，所述摇臂的另一端形成为套筒，所述套筒套设在所述主销上且与所述主销用键连接。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述转向齿条位于所述桥体的上方，所述摇臂与所述主销的上段连接，所述主销的下段穿设于所述主销座。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述主销座内设置有轴承，所述轴承套设在所述主销上，所述叉车转向桥还包括轴承盖，所述轴承盖安装在所述桥体上且盖设在主销座的上端，所述主销贯穿所述轴承盖，所述轴承盖与所述主销之间设置有第一密封圈。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述轴承包括间隔设置的第一圆锥滚子轴承和第二圆锥滚子轴承，所述第一圆锥滚子轴承位于所述第二圆锥滚子轴承的下方，所述第一圆锥滚子轴承的一侧与所述主销上的台阶面抵接，另一侧与所述主销座内壁上的台阶面抵接；所述第二圆锥滚子轴承的一侧与所述主销座内壁上的台阶面抵接，另一侧与安装在所述主销上的螺母抵接。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述叉车转向桥还包括支撑板和连接板，所述连接板的上端与所述支撑板相连，所述连接板的下端与所述轴承盖相连，所述主销的上端可转动地安装在所述支撑板上。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述叉车转向桥还包括限位件，所述限位件安装在所述连接板上，用于限制所述摇臂的旋转角度。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述叉车转向桥还包括上壳体，所述上壳体位于所述桥体的上方且与所述桥体固定连接，所述转向齿条安装在上壳体上且贯穿所述上壳体。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述转向齿条为圆柱形结构，所述转向齿条包括左段、中段、右段，所述中段上形成有齿，所述中段位于上壳体内，所述左段和所述右段穿出所述上壳体以分别与所述左转向机构和所述右转向机构相连，所述左段与所述上壳体之间以及所述右段与所述上壳体之间均设置有导向套和第二密封圈。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述叉车转向桥还包括减速机构，所述电机安装在所述桥体上，所述电机通过所述减速机构与所述转向齿条相连，所述桥体内形成有空腔，所述上壳体封闭所述空腔的上端开口且与所述桥体共同限定出容纳所述减速机构的封闭空间。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述减速机构包括第一安装轴、第二安装轴、第三安装轴、第四安装轴、第一传动齿轮、第二传动齿轮、第三传动齿轮、第四传动齿轮、第五传动齿轮和第六传动齿轮，所述第一安装轴、所述第二安装轴和所述第三安装轴安装在所述桥体内，所述第四安装轴安装在所述上壳体内，所述第一传动齿轮安装在所述第一安装轴上，所述第二传动齿轮和所述第三传动齿轮安装在所述第二安装轴上，所述第四传动齿轮和所述第五传动齿轮安装在所述第三安装轴上，所述第六传动齿轮和所述转向齿轮安装在所述第四安装轴上，所述电机的输出轴与所述第一安装轴连接，所述第一传动齿轮与所述第二传动齿轮啮合，所述第三传动齿轮与所述第四传动齿轮啮合，所述第五传动齿轮与所述第六传动齿轮啮合，所述第一传动齿轮的直径小于所述第二传动齿轮的直径，所述第二传动齿轮的直径大于所述第三传动齿轮的直径，所述第三传动齿轮的直径小于所述第四传动齿轮的直径，所述第四传动齿轮的直径大于所述第五传动齿轮的直径，所述第五传动齿轮的直径小于所述第六传动齿轮的直径，所述第六传动齿轮的直径大于转向齿轮的直径。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述电机位于所述桥体的外侧。
根据本公开的一些实施例，所述上壳体上设置有用于向所述空腔内注入润滑油的注油孔，所述桥体上设置有用于泄放所述空腔内的润滑油的放油孔，所述放油孔位于所述桥体的底部，所述注油孔位于所述上壳体的顶部，所述注油孔安装有注油孔堵塞，所述注油孔堵塞上形成有排气孔，所述放油孔由放油孔堵盖封闭。
本公开还提供一种叉车，所述叉车包括如上所述的叉车转向桥。
通过上述技术方案，本公开实施例提供的叉车转向桥能耗少、转向精度高。通过上述结构，叉车转向桥将电机作为独有的动力源，无需与其他动力系统共用动力源，在叉车转向时仅需启动电机驱动车轮转向，不用启动其他的动力源，因此可以避免能量的浪费。并且，在本公开实施例中，一方面采用电机作为动力源，使得动力源本身的精度比较高，另一方面采用齿轮齿条等机械传动机构，使得传动精度也比较高，综合上述两方面，使得本公开的叉车转向桥具有较高的转向精度。
本公开的其他特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说明。
附图说明
附图是用来提供对本公开的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本公开，但并不构成对本公开的限制。在附图中：
图1是本公开实施例提供的叉车转向桥的立体示意图；
图2是本公开实施例提供的叉车转向桥的正视图；
图3是图2的叉车转向桥的局部剖视图；
图4是本公开实施例提供的叉车转向桥的俯视图；
图5是本公开实施例提供的叉车转向桥的侧视图；
图6是沿图3中的A-A折线截取的剖视图；
图7是沿图3中的B-B线截取的剖视图；
图8是沿图6中的D-D线截取的剖视图；
图9是本公开实施例提供的叉车的结构示意图。
附图标记说明
100叉车转向桥           200叉车
1桥体                   101主销座
1011第一圆锥滚子轴承    1012第二圆锥滚子轴承
102轴承盖               103支撑轴
104第一安装盖           105油位孔
106放油孔               107安装孔
108支撑板               109连接板
2电机                   201输出轴
3转向齿轮               4转向齿条
401左段                 402中段
403右段                 404导向套
405第二密封圈           406螺套
5连杆                   6摇臂
601臂                   602套筒
7主销                   701键
702螺母                 8车轮支架
9转角传感器             10端盖
11轮毂                  1101轮毂轴
1102轮毂座              1103防尘盖
12轮胎                  13限位件
14上壳体                1401第二安装盖
1402注油孔               15第一安装轴
1501第一传动齿轮         16第二安装轴
1601第二传动齿轮         1602第三传动齿轮
17第三安装轴             1701第四传动齿轮
1702第五传动齿轮         18第四安装轴
1801第六传动齿轮
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本公开的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本公开，并不用于限制本公开。
本公开实施例中提供一种叉车转向桥100，如图1至图5所示，该叉车转向桥100包括桥体1、电机2、转向齿轮3、转向齿条4、左转向机构和右转向机构，根据本公开的一些实施例，转向齿轮3与转向齿条4啮合，转向齿条4的两端分别与左转向机构和右转向机构相连，左转向机构和右转向机构分别与车轮的轮毂11固定连接，电机2用于驱动转向齿轮3旋转，转向齿轮3可以带动转向齿条4左右移动，转向齿条4带动左转向机构和右转向机构旋转，从而带动叉车200的左、右轮毂转向，以实现车轮转向。
通过上述结构，叉车转向桥100将电机2作为独有的动力源，无需与其他动力系统共用动力源，在叉车200转向时仅需启动电机2驱动车轮转向，不用启动其他的动力源，因此可以避免能量的浪费；并且，在本公开实施例中，一方面采用电机2作为动力源，使得动力源本身的精度比较高，另一方面采用齿轮齿条等机械传动机构，使得传动精度也比较高，综合上述两方面，使得本公开的叉车转向桥100具有较高的转向精度。。
此外，本公开实施例中的电机2可以为伺服电机、步进电机等，作为一种实施方式，在叉车200的方向柱中可以安装信号发生器，该信号发生器可以与上述电机2的控制绕组相连，当转动方向盘时可以触发信号发生器产生电平信号，电机2在接收到该电平信号时启动旋转，电机2的旋转运动通过转向齿轮3的传递转变为转向齿条4的直线运动，从而实现车轮转向；当方向盘以相反的旋向转动时，信号发生器会产生相反的电平信号，因此电机2的旋向也是相反的，可以实现叉车200的向不同的方向转向；当方向盘停止转动时，电平信号停止，电机2也随之立刻停止。相对于相关技术中通过液压转向系统来传递动力的方式，本公开实施例中的叉车转向控制过程响应速度快、精度高，由于方向盘的转动与车轮的转动始终维持对应关系，因此不会出现漂移现象，安全性更高。
在其他实施方式中，电机2也可以和叉车200的控制器相连，通过控制器启动或关 闭电机2，以实现叉车200的自动转向。
根据本公开的一些实施例，如图1至图5所示，上述左转向机构和右转向机构可以具有相同的结构，并且成镜像地布置在桥体1的两端，其中，每个转向机构包括连杆5、摇臂6、主销7和车轮支架8。
连杆5形成为弧形，连杆5的一端与转向齿条4的端部转动连接，另一端与摇臂6的一端转动连接，以将转向齿条4的直线运动转换为摇臂6的旋转运动，根据本公开的一些实施例，连杆5可以通过铆钉、销钉等紧固件安装到转向齿条4的端部和摇臂6的端部。摇臂6的另一端与主销7连接，在本公开实施例中，摇臂6与连杆5相连的一端可以形成为沿主销7径向向外伸出的臂601，摇臂6与主销7相连的一端可以形成为套筒602，将套筒602套设在主销7上，并且通过键701与主销7卡接，使得摇臂6可以通过键701带动主销7旋转。此外，在本公开其他实施方式中，摇臂6还可以仅形成为沿主销7径向向外伸出的臂601，并且臂601通过焊接、卡接等方式固定在主销7上，本公开对此不作限制。
如图3所示，桥体1的两端形成有主销座101，主销7可转动地穿设于主销座101中，主销7的下端穿过主销座101与车轮支架8固定连接，例如焊接，但本公开不仅限于此。由于装配需求，主销7形成为从上至下逐渐递增的阶梯状的轴，包括上段和下段，主销7的上段与摇臂6连接，主销7的下段穿设于主销座101中。并且，转向齿条4、连杆5、摇臂6均布置在桥体1的上方，可以防止桥体1阻碍连杆5和摇臂6的运动，增加了摇臂6转动角度的范围。
在主销座101内设置有轴承，用于支撑主销7转动，作为一种实施方式，为了承受主销7转动过程中在轴向和径向产生的负荷，轴承可以包括彼此间隔设置的第一圆锥滚子轴承1011和第二圆锥滚子轴承1012，第一圆锥滚子轴承1011位于第二圆锥滚子轴承1012的下方，第一圆锥滚子轴承1011的一侧与主销7上的台阶面抵接，另一侧与主销座101内壁上的台阶面抵接；第二圆锥滚子轴承1012的一侧与主销座101内壁上的台阶面抵接，另一侧与安装在主销7上的螺母702抵接。
叉车转向桥100还可以包括轴承盖102，该轴承盖102安装在桥体1上且盖设在主销座101的上端，轴承盖102可以通过螺栓等方式固定在主销座101的上端，以便于拆卸。轴承盖102上形成有允许主销7穿过的通孔，主销7通过该通孔从轴承盖102中伸出并将延伸至摇臂6的套筒602中，轴承盖102与主销7之间设置有第一密封圈，用于防止灰尘进入主销座101中，主销7与主销座101的下端之间也可以设置有与第一密封圈相同的密封圈，用于防止主销座101中的润滑油漏出。根据本公开的一些实施例，第 一密封圈可以选用唇式密封圈，以便于安装主销7。
如图1至图5所示，叉车转向桥100还包括支撑板108和连接板109，支撑板108和连接板109围绕摇臂6布置。其中，连接板109形成为瓦状结构，连接板109的下端与轴承盖102相连，例如可以直接焊接在轴承盖102上，或者与轴承盖102一体成型，本公开对此不作限制；连接板109的上端与支撑板108相连，例如可以通过螺钉紧固的方式相连，支撑板108水平布置在摇臂6的上方，使得主销7的上端从摇臂6的套筒602穿出并可转动地安装在支撑板108的下端。
作为一种实施方式，叉车转向桥100还包括限位件13，限位件13安装在连接板109上，用于限制摇臂6的旋转角度。根据本公开的一些实施例，限位件13形成为圆筒状，限位件13通过螺钉等紧固件水平偏心固定在连接板109上，当摇臂6转动到与限位件13抵接时，车轮转过的角度为最大转角，本公开实施例中，摇臂6带动车轮的最大转角能够达到105°以上。这样，车轮在转向时可以具有更小的转弯半径，使叉车200在狭小场地中也能实现装卸工作。
通过拆卸紧固件并旋转限位件13，可以调整限位件13的偏心方向，再拧紧紧固件使限位件13固定，从而可以调整限制摇臂6的旋转角度的范围。该限位件13用于在控制程序失效时防止车轮的转角超过预设转角。
此外，该叉车转向桥100还可以包括转角传感器9，转角传感器9安装在左转向机构或右转向机构的支撑板108的上方，用于检测车轮的瞬时转角。
如图1至图3所示，车轮支架8可以形成为反向布置的L形，车轮支架8水平段与主销7固定连接，竖直段与车轮的轮毂11固定连接。根据本公开的一些实施例，主销7可以带动车轮支架8转向，从而使车轮支架8带动车轮转向。
根据本公开的一些实施例，车轮的轮毂11包括轮毂轴1101、轮毂座1102和防尘盖1103，车轮支架8可以通过铸造成型、焊接、紧固件紧固等方式固定在车轮的轮毂轴1101的一端，本公开对此不作限制；轮毂轴1101另一端穿设于轮毂座1102中，并通过轴承(例如圆锥滚子轴承)支撑，以及通过螺母702(例如开槽螺母)紧固在轮毂座1102上，并且通过防尘盖1103和密封圈密封，轮毂座1102和轮毂轴1101之间可以填充有润滑剂，以减小摩擦。轮胎12通过螺栓等紧固件安装在轮毂座1102上，当车轮支架8带动轮毂11转动时，轮胎12随轮毂11相对于地面转动。
如图1至图5所示，在本公开实施例中，叉车转向桥100还包括上壳体14，上壳体14位于桥体1的上方且与桥体1固定连接，为了便于拆卸上壳体14，可以通过螺钉或销钉等紧固件将上壳体14固定在桥体1上，但不仅限于此。
转向齿条4安装在上壳体14上且贯穿上壳体14。根据本公开的一些实施例，如图8所示，转向齿条4为圆柱形结构，转向齿条4包括左段401、中段402和右段403，中段402上形成有与转向齿轮3配合的齿，并且中段402位于上壳体14内，左段401和右段403穿出上壳体14以分别与左转向机构和右转向机构相连，左段401与上壳体14之间以及右段403与上壳体14之间均设置有导向套404和第二密封圈405，导向套404固定在上壳体14的内壁上，用于为转向齿条4导向。作为一种实施方式，在导向套404和上壳体14的内壁之间可以设置有螺套406，螺套406的内壁上形成有第一限位凹槽和第二限位凹槽，导向套404安装在第一限位凹槽中，密封圈安装在第二限位凹槽中，螺套406的外壁上形成有外螺纹，螺套406设置在导向套404与上壳体14的内壁之间且与上壳体14的内壁螺纹连接。
如图3、图6和图7所示，叉车转向桥100还包括减速机构，电机2安装在桥体1上，电机2通过减速机构与转向齿条4相连，桥体1内形成有空腔，上壳体14封闭空腔的上端开口且与桥体1共同限定出容纳减速机构的封闭空间。
根据本公开的一些实施例，减速机构包括第一安装轴15、第二安装轴16、第三安装轴17、第四安装轴18、第一传动齿轮1501、第二传动齿轮1601、第三传动齿轮1602、第四传动齿轮1701、第五传动齿轮1702和第六传动齿轮1801，第一安装轴15、第二安装轴16和第三安装轴17安装在桥体1内，第四安装轴18安装在上壳体14内，第一传动齿轮1501安装在第一安装轴15上，第二传动齿轮1601和第三传动齿轮1602安装在第二安装轴16上，第四传动齿轮1701和第五传动齿轮1702安装在第三安装轴17上，第六传动齿轮1801和转向齿轮3安装在第四安装轴18上，电机2的输出轴201与第一安装轴15连接，第一传动齿轮1501与第二传动齿轮1601啮合，第三传动齿轮1602与第四传动齿轮1701啮合，第五传动齿轮1702与第六传动齿轮1801啮合，第一传动齿轮1501的直径小于第二传动齿轮1601的直径，第二传动齿轮1601的直径大于第三传动齿轮1602的直径，第三传动齿轮1602的直径小于第四传动齿轮1701的直径，第四传动齿轮1701的直径大于第五传动齿轮1702的直径，第五传动齿轮1702的直径小于第六传动齿轮1801的直径，第六传动齿轮1801的直径大于转向齿轮3的直径。经过减速机构，可以降低齿条左右移动的速度，以便于驾驶员操作叉车200转向。
为了减小桥体1的尺寸，电机2可以位于桥体1的外侧，并且减速机构沿竖直平面布置在桥体1的空腔中。如图7所示，在桥体1上形成有允许电机2的输出轴201穿过的通孔，使得电机2的输出轴201与空腔内的第一安装轴15键连接，在该通孔处可以通过端盖10和密封圈密封，以防止轴承脱离以及防止空腔内的润滑油泄漏。如图6所 示，在第二安装轴16处，还可以设置有支撑轴103，以减小第二安装轴16的长度，避免第二安装轴16疲劳失效；根据本公开的一些实施例，第二安装轴16上的第二传动齿轮1601和第三传动齿轮1602可以为双联齿轮且与第二安装轴16一体形成，以减少零件数量，但本公开不仅限于此。在桥体1上还设置有第一安装盖104，该第一安装盖104与第三安装轴17对应设置并用密封圈密封，以便于安装或检修减速机构；根据本公开的一些实施例，第四传动齿轮1701可以与第三安装轴17通过键连接，以方便安装。在上壳体14上还可以形成有第二安装盖1401，第二安装盖1401与第四安装轴18对应布置并用密封圈密封，以便于安装第四安装轴18；根据本公开的一些实施例，第四安装轴18上的第六传动齿轮1801和转向齿轮3可以为双联齿轮且与第四安装轴18一体形成，以减少零件数量，但本公开不仅限于此。上述减速机构的传动齿轮均用滚动轴承支撑在空腔内，以减小摩擦，在其他实施例中，也可以采用滑动轴承等其他轴承支撑。
在其他实施方式中，可以设置若干安装轴和若干传动齿轮，例如减速机构还可以设计为五级传动机构、六级传动机构等，本公开对安装轴和传动齿轮的数量不作限制。此外，在其他实施方式中，减速机构还可以设计为同轴式多级行星减速机构，或者减速机构采用水平布置的方式布置在桥体1的空腔中，本公开对此不作限制。
如图2和图8所示，桥体1上设置有用于泄放空腔内的润滑油的放油孔106，放油孔106位于桥体1的底部，放油孔106由放油孔堵盖封闭。上壳体14上设置有用于向空腔内注入润滑油的注油孔1402，注油孔1402位于上壳体14的顶部，注油孔1402安装有注油孔堵塞，该注油孔堵塞上形成有用于排放空腔内气体的排气孔，在向桥体1的空腔内注入润滑油后，采用飞溅润滑的方式对减速机构和转向齿轮3进行润滑，当减速机构工作时产生的热量使润滑油产生气体时，气体可以从注油孔堵塞上的排气孔逸出。
根据本公开的一些实施例，在桥体1上还形成有油位孔105，油位孔105位于桥体1的中部，用于检测润滑油在桥体1的空腔内液面的高低，在向空腔内加注润滑油时，当润滑油从油位孔105中流出时，则说明空腔内的润滑油达到所需的加注量，停止加注。无需加注润滑油时，油位孔105由油位螺塞封闭。
此外，如图1和图6所示，桥体1上还形成有安装孔107，用于安装到叉车车体上的安装轴，使叉车转向桥100装配到叉车车体上。
本公开实施例的叉车转向桥100的工作原理如下：
在手动驾驶工作模式下，当驾驶员转动方向盘时，信号发生器向控制器或电机2的控制绕组发送电平信号，控制器或控制绕组启动电机2旋转，电机2的输出轴201带动第一安装轴15旋转，第一传动齿轮1501带动第二传动齿轮1601旋转，第二传动齿轮 1601带动第三传动齿轮1602旋转，第三传动齿轮1602带动第四传动齿轮1701旋转，第四传动齿轮1701带动第五传动齿轮1702旋转，第五传动齿轮1702带动第六传动齿轮1801旋转，第六传动齿轮1801带动转向齿轮3旋转，转向齿轮3带动转向齿条4左右移动，转向齿条4拉动连杆5，使连杆5推动(或拉动)左转向机构的摇臂6旋转，以及连杆5拉动(或推动)右转向机构的摇臂6反向旋转，摇臂6带动主销7旋转，主销7带动车轮支架8转动，车轮支架8带动轮毂11转动，从而使叉车200的左、右车轮旋向相反转向，实现叉车200转向。
在自动驾驶工作模式下，使用自动控制系统对叉车200进行转向，控制器控制电机2启动，其传动过程与上述手动驾驶工作模式一致，从而带动车轮转向。在转向过程中，转角传感器9实时检测车轮转角，当车轮转角达到设定参数时，控制器向电机2发出停止转向指令，电机2停止运转，叉车200的车轮转向完成。
本公开的实施例还提供一种叉车200，该叉车200包括如上所述的叉车转向桥100。如图1所示，通过桥体1上的安装孔107可以将桥体1装配到叉车200的车体上。
以上结合附图详细描述了本公开的优选实施方式，但是，本公开并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节，在本公开的技术构思范围内，可以对本公开的技术方案进行多种简单变型，这些简单变型均属于本公开的保护范围。
另外需要说明的是，在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征，在不矛盾的情况下，可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合。为了避免不必要的重复，本公开对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外，本公开的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合，只要其不违背本公开的思想，其同样应当视为本公开所公开的内容。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种叉车转向桥，其特征在于，包括桥体(1)、电机(2)、转向齿轮(3)、转向齿条(4)、左转向机构和右转向机构，所述转向齿轮(3)与所述转向齿条(4)啮合，所述转向齿条(4)的两端分别与所述左转向机构和所述右转向机构相连，所述电机(2)用于驱动所述转向齿轮(3)旋转，从而带动所述转向齿条(4)左右移动，以实现车轮转向。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的叉车转向桥，其特征在于，每个转向机构包括连杆(5)、摇臂(6)、主销(7)和车轮支架(8)，所述连杆(5)的一端与所述转向齿条(4)的端部转动连接，所述连杆(5)的另一端与所述摇臂(6)的一端转动连接，所述摇臂(6)的另一端与所述主销(7)连接，桥体(1)的两端形成有主销座(101)，所述主销(7)可转动地穿设于所述主销座(101)，所述主销(7)的下端与所述车轮支架(8)固定连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的叉车转向桥，其特征在于，所述摇臂(6)的一端与所述连杆(5)相连，所述摇臂(6)的另一端形成为套筒(602)，所述套筒(602)套设在所述主销(7)上且与所述主销(7)用键(701)连接。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的叉车转向桥，其特征在于，所述转向齿条(4)位于所述桥体(1)的上方，所述摇臂(6)与所述主销(7)的上段连接，所述主销(7)的下段穿设于所述主销座(101)。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的叉车转向桥，其特征在于，所述主销座(101)内设置有轴承，所述轴承套设在所述主销(7)上，所述叉车转向桥还包括轴承盖(102)，所述轴承盖(102)安装在所述桥体(1)上且盖设在主销座(101)的上端，所述主销(7)贯穿所述轴承盖(102)，所述轴承盖(102)与所述主销(7)之间设置有第一密封圈。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的叉车转向桥，其特征在于，所述轴承包括间隔设置的第一圆锥滚子轴承(1011)和第二圆锥滚子轴承(1012)，所述第一圆锥滚子轴承(1011)位于所述第二圆锥滚子轴承(1012)的下方，所述第一圆锥滚子轴承(1011)的一侧与 所述主销(7)上的台阶面抵接，另一侧与所述主销座(101)内壁上的台阶面抵接；所述第二圆锥滚子轴承(1012)的一侧与所述主销座(101)内壁上的台阶面抵接，另一侧与安装在所述主销(7)上的螺母(702)抵接。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的叉车转向桥，其特征在于，所述叉车转向桥还包括支撑板(108)和连接板(109)，所述连接板(109)的上端与所述支撑板(108)相连，所述连接板(109)的下端与所述轴承盖(102)相连，所述主销(7)的上端可转动地安装在所述支撑板(108)上。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的叉车转向桥，其特征在于，所述叉车转向桥还包括限位件(13)，所述限位件(13)安装在所述连接板(109)上，用于限制所述摇臂(6)的旋转角度。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的叉车转向桥，其特征在于，所述叉车转向桥还包括上壳体(14)，所述上壳体(14)位于所述桥体(1)的上方且与所述桥体(1)固定连接，所述转向齿条(4)安装在所述上壳体(14)上且贯穿所述上壳体(14)。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的叉车转向桥，其特征在于，所述转向齿条(4)为圆柱形结构，所述转向齿条(4)包括左段(401)、中段(402)、右段(403)，所述中段(402)上形成有齿，所述中段(402)位于所述上壳体(14)内，所述左段(401)和所述右段(403)穿出所述上壳体(14)以分别与所述左转向机构和所述右转向机构相连，所述左段(401)与所述上壳体(14)之间以及所述右段(403)与所述上壳体(14)之间均设置有导向套(404)和第二密封圈(405)。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的叉车转向桥，其特征在于，所述叉车转向桥还包括减速机构，所述电机(2)安装在所述桥体(1)上，所述电机(2)通过所述减速机构与所述转向齿条(4)相连，所述桥体(1)内形成有空腔，所述上壳体(14)封闭所述空腔的上端开口且与所述桥体(1)共同限定出容纳所述减速机构的封闭空间。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的叉车转向桥，其特征在于，所述减速机构包括第一安装轴(15)、第二安装轴(16)、第三安装轴(17)、第四安装轴(18)、第一传动齿轮 (1501)、第二传动齿轮(1601)、第三传动齿轮(1602)、第四传动齿轮(1701)、第五传动齿轮(1702)和第六传动齿轮(1801)，所述第一安装轴(15)、所述第二安装轴(16)和所述第三安装轴(17)安装在所述桥体(1)内，所述第四安装轴(18)安装在所述上壳体(14)内，所述第一传动齿轮(1501)安装在所述第一安装轴(15)上，所述第二传动齿轮(1601)和所述第三传动齿轮(1602)安装在所述第二安装轴(16)上，所述第四传动齿轮(1701)和所述第五传动齿轮(1702)安装在所述第三安装轴(17)上，所述第六传动齿轮(1801)和所述转向齿轮(3)安装在所述第四安装轴(18)上，所述电机(2)的输出轴(201)与所述第一安装轴(15)连接，所述第一传动齿轮(1501)与所述第二传动齿轮(1601)啮合，所述第三传动齿轮(1602)与所述第四传动齿轮(1701)啮合，所述第五传动齿轮(1702)与所述第六传动齿轮(1801)啮合，所述第一传动齿轮(1501)的直径小于所述第二传动齿轮(1601)的直径，所述第二传动齿轮(1601)的直径大于所述第三传动齿轮(1602)的直径，所述第三传动齿轮(1602)的直径小于所述第四传动齿轮(1701)的直径，所述第四传动齿轮(1701)的直径大于所述第五传动齿轮(1702)的直径，所述第五传动齿轮(1702)的直径小于所述第六传动齿轮(1801)的直径，所述第六传动齿轮(1801)的直径大于转向齿轮(3)的直径。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的叉车转向桥，其特征在于，所述电机(2)位于所述桥体(1)的外侧。
  14. 根据权利要求11所述的叉车转向桥，其特征在于，所述上壳体(14)上设置有用于向所述空腔内注入润滑油的注油孔(1402)，所述桥体(1)上设置有用于泄放所述空腔内的润滑油的放油孔(106)，所述放油孔(106)位于所述桥体(1)的底部，所述注油孔(1402)位于所述上壳体(14)的顶部，所述注油孔(1402)安装有注油孔堵塞，所述注油孔堵塞上形成有排气孔，所述放油孔(106)由放油孔堵盖封闭。
  15. 一种叉车，其特征在于，所述叉车包括如权利要求1-14中任一项所述的叉车转向桥。
PCT/CN2020/070971 2019-01-30 2020-01-08 叉车转向桥及叉车 Ceased WO2020156080A1 (zh)

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