WO2020155937A1 - 一种主动共振c式浮力摆波浪能发电装置 - Google Patents

一种主动共振c式浮力摆波浪能发电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020155937A1
WO2020155937A1 PCT/CN2019/127693 CN2019127693W WO2020155937A1 WO 2020155937 A1 WO2020155937 A1 WO 2020155937A1 CN 2019127693 W CN2019127693 W CN 2019127693W WO 2020155937 A1 WO2020155937 A1 WO 2020155937A1
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Prior art keywords
wave
pendulum
power generation
pendulum body
wave energy
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PCT/CN2019/127693
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English (en)
French (fr)
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蔡元奇
霍银泉
刘健慧
石祥宇
刘洋
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武汉大学
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Publication of WO2020155937A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020155937A1/zh
Priority to US17/382,911 priority Critical patent/US11624346B2/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1805—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem
    • F03B13/1825—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem for 360° rotation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1805—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem
    • F03B13/181—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem for limited rotation
    • F03B13/182—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem for limited rotation with a to-and-fro movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F05B2220/7068—Application in combination with an electrical generator equipped with permanent magnets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2250/00—Geometry
    • F05B2250/40—Movement of component
    • F05B2250/44—Movement of component one element moving inside another one, e.g. wave-operated member (wom) moving inside another member (rem)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2250/00—Geometry
    • F05B2250/70—Shape
    • F05B2250/72—Shape symmetric
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
    • F05B2270/20—Purpose of the control system to optimise the performance of a machine
    • F05B2270/202—Tuning to wave conditions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an active resonance C-type buoyancy pendulum wave energy power generation device, in particular to a power generation device using ocean wave energy, and belongs to the technical field of new energy.
  • Wave energy is one of the main forms of ocean energy. It is a clean and renewable energy that is easy to use, has large reserves, is widely distributed, and has a large energy flow density. Among them, the use of wave energy is a research hotspot in the world today. The global marine powers are carrying out research in this area, and more than 4,500 technical solutions have been proposed. According to the 2016 JRC Ocean Energy Status Report, Attenuator/Point absorber/OWC/OWSC four categories The device technology maturity TRL has reached level 8, which is close to commercialization. The current research technology maturity mainly reflects wave energy device deployment, operation and maintenance, and power transmission, but the wave energy conversion efficiency is generally not high, not exceeding 15%. The problem of efficiency has become a bottleneck in the commercialization of wave energy technology.
  • Wave energy conversion efficiency is the fundamental purpose of wave energy technology research, and research on high-efficiency wave energy technology is one of the current research focuses. Wave energy technology has been developed so far, but it is not yet mature. The reason why the technology still does not converge is that some mechanisms of wave energy conversion have not yet been clarified. As far as current research is concerned, most wave energy technical solutions are based on quasi-static methods, but current researches mostly start from engineering applications and lack mechanism research.
  • Tilting wave energy technology is a kind of wave energy technology that is more practiced. It uses the characteristics of the reciprocating motion of the water quality points in the wave to achieve wave energy conversion. It was first proposed by the Japanese scholar Tomiji Watanabe and was tested in 1983. Said efficiency can reach 40%. The more influential is the Oyster wave energy device developed by the British company Aqua-marine Power. This device was unable to be commercialized due to technical reasons and the company went bankrupt at the end of 2015. The device has also been tracked and developed in China.
  • the patent applicant has also conducted research on the device and found that the device has a large attachment mass, which causes the device to have a long self-vibration period, which is far from the actual wave period, and the pendulum is in a follow-up state, making it difficult to achieve resonance. Moreover, the radiation damping of the wave energy device is also very large, resulting in low wave energy conversion efficiency. Intuitive analysis can be considered that the Oyster wave energy device is similar to a wave maker, and the wave energy absorbed by it is basically radiated. It can be seen that the efficiency of the Oyster wave energy device is not high, which may be the reason why the device cannot be commercialized. Similarly, the analysis of the Pelamis wave energy device also found that its attachment quality and radiation damping were very high, and the efficiency was not high, and it was difficult to commercialize. The British Pelamis Wave Power also went bankrupt in 2014.
  • the DUCK wave energy device proposed by Professor Salter of the University of Edinburgh in 1974 can also be classified as a pendulum wave energy technology.
  • the device has an efficiency of 90% in the resonance state.
  • Salter introduced his work in the journal Nature. He took advantage of the fact that the radiation moment is zero when the radiation force passes through the axis of the main shaft, and uses a horizontal cylinder as the body of the device and the main shaft axis as the hinge axis. With this scheme, the radiation torque of the device is greatly reduced, and its natural vibration period enters the actual wave period range, which is prone to resonance, its radiation damping is small, and it is easy to absorb wave energy.
  • the outer normal direction on the front wave surface is not the axis of the main shaft, and there is still a large radiation moment, but the radiation force is smaller than the incident force, which can effectively absorb wave energy.
  • the DUCK device must work on the water surface, because the back of the duck nozzle does not produce a radiation moment above the water surface, but it will produce a larger radiation moment in the water, which is not conducive to the absorption of wave energy. This brings fatal flaws. DUCK needs a huge bracket, which is weak against wind and waves. At the same time, the energy-capturing parts on the surface will cause wave breakage, which increases large viscous damping, which is not good for wave absorption.
  • the eagle-type wave energy device proposed by the Guangzhou Energy Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences can also be classified as a pendulum type. It absorbs the advantages of the DUCK device and uses a concave "cylinder" on the back wave surface of the energy capture component to reduce the radiation moment.
  • the advantage of this treatment is that the main shaft of the "cylinder” can be lowered to the water, which overcomes the defect that DUCK requires a huge support, and enhances the ability to resist wind and waves.
  • the wave-facing surface of the eagle device needs further research.
  • the increase in the distance between the normal direction of the wave-facing surface and the hinge axis will increase the radiation moment on the wave-facing surface, which is not conducive to wave absorption, and the vortex is easily generated at the junction of the wave-facing surface and the back wave surface. Detachment is also not conducive to the energy absorption of the device. Similarly, the wave breaks on the water surface, which increases the viscous damping, which is not good for wave absorption.
  • the existing wave energy utilization devices exist: the self-vibration period of the wave energy system caused by the excessively large attached mass of the device is much higher than the actual wave period, and resonance problems are difficult to occur.
  • the attached damping is too large , Making the pendulum amplitude smaller, reducing the stroke of wave force to the wave energy system, thereby reducing the wave energy input to the wave energy system.
  • the device can overcome the unadjustable natural vibration period of the existing buoyant pendulum wave energy technology, and can actively adapt to wave changes to form resonance; avoiding the excessively large attached mass of the existing device, the natural vibration period of the wave energy system is much higher than The actual wave cycle is difficult to resonate, and resonance is achieved within the actual wave cycle; the existing device has too large attached damping, which makes the pendulum amplitude smaller, reduces the wave force on the wave energy system, and reduces the wave It can input the wave energy system; it also optimizes the radiation hydrodynamic characteristics of the device shape to effectively reduce the radiation damping and realize high-efficiency wave energy conversion.
  • the present invention designs an active resonance C-type buoyant pendulum wave energy power generation device, which is an efficient wave energy power generation device; by adjusting the center of mass of the device, the control of the natural vibration period of the wave energy system is realized.
  • Adapt to wave changes resonate with waves in real time, and achieve efficient wave energy utilization; use resonance to reduce radiation damping, viscous damping, and increase incident wave energy, effectively improving the wave absorbing ability of the device.
  • Through resonance it is the most effective for PTO.
  • Good damping control realizes maximum wave energy absorption.
  • the device normally sinks and works underwater, which can effectively resist wind and waves and improve its survivability.
  • the active resonance C-type buoyant pendulum wave energy power generation device includes: an energy capture system, a power generation system, and a raft base.
  • the power generation system and the energy capture system are installed on the raft base;
  • the energy capture system is used to capture wave energy, and then Converted into mechanical energy, and transmitted to the power generation system through the main shaft for power generation;
  • the energy capture system includes a pendulum body, the pendulum body is a closed cabin structure, the pendulum body is provided with horizontal reinforcement ribs and vertical reinforcement ribs, both sides of the pendulum body are The two sides of the pendulum body are fixedly connected with the main shaft on the vertical planes parallel to each other.
  • the main shaft is installed on the raft base through the bearing seat. It is set that the two ends of the main shaft axis are the pivot points. Point as the center rotates and swings, and one end of the main shaft is connected to the power input shaft of the power generation system through a coupling;
  • the power generation system includes two driving sprockets, two chains, a reversing shaft, a generator main shaft, a speed increaser, and a permanent magnet generator.
  • the driving sprocket is set as a ratchet mechanism, and the driving sprocket is installed at the power input On the shaft, one of the driving sprocket drives the generator main shaft through the chain, and the other driving sprocket drives the generator main shaft through the chain, the reversing shaft and the gear pair.
  • the generator main shaft is connected to the input end of the speed increaser to increase the speed.
  • the output end of the generator is connected with the input shaft of the permanent magnet generator; driven by the wave, the pendulum body drives the main shaft to reciprocate, and then through the chain and ratchet structure, the reciprocating rotation is converted into unidirectional rotation motion, and the rotation speed is increased by the speed increaser Improve, and then drive the permanent magnet generator to generate electricity; its characteristics are:
  • the outside of the cabin between the two sides of the pendulum body is a wave-facing surface and a back-wave surface formed according to the set shape.
  • the pendulum body is also equipped with a counterweight that can automatically adjust the center of mass of the pendulum, a center of mass adjustment motor, a stabilizer guide rod, and a center of mass adjustment wire.
  • the center-of-mass adjustment motor is used to drive the center-of-mass adjustment screw to rotate, and the center-of-mass adjustment screw drives the counterweight to go up and down according to the set program, and then adjust the return stiffness of the pendulum in real time to realize the adjustment of the natural vibration period of the vibration system;
  • the main shaft of the pendulum body is provided with a code disc, and the code disc is used to test the swing signal of the pendulum body. Then, the load identification method is adopted to identify the wave period and wave excitation force, and the pendulum body is adjusted in real time according to the identified wave period. The natural vibration period realizes the resonance between the pendulum body and the wave.
  • Buoyant pendulum wave energy device is a widely practiced wave energy device. Normally, it is a single-degree-of-freedom vibration system. Driven by waves, its pendulum body rotates around a fixed axis to convert wave energy into Mechanical energy, through the rotation of the pendulum body to drive the support shaft to rotate, and then through the built-in or external energy take-off system (PTO, Power Take Off), the rotation of the device is used to drive the generator to generate electricity, and the rotating mechanical energy is converted into Electrical energy.
  • PTO Power Take Off
  • the index for judging a wave energy device is its efficiency, survivability, and operation and maintenance performance.
  • Traditional wave energy devices including buoyancy pendulum wave energy devices
  • Traditional wave energy devices are not efficient, not exceeding 15%.
  • the traditional buoyant pendulum wave energy device has a large natural vibration period, which is far away from the actual wave period; the large radiation force is not conducive to the wave energy device's absorption of wave energy and is easily "controlled” by water, resulting in low energy capture efficiency.
  • the pendulum body is a vibrator, that is, the pendulum vibrator.
  • the position of the center of mass of the pendulum body determines the return stiffness of the pendulum body, thereby affecting the natural vibration period of the pendulum vibrator.
  • the active resonance C-type buoyancy pendulum wave energy device is provided with a counterweight that can adjust the center of mass in its pendulum body.
  • the position of the counterweight is adjusted according to the wave period, thereby changing the return stiffness of the pendulum vibrator and realizing the self-control of the wave energy device.
  • the vibration period is adjusted to form real-time resonance with the wave.
  • ⁇ is the wave circle frequency
  • F f is the buoyancy
  • y f is the vertical distance from the center of buoyancy to the main axis
  • M 1 is the mass of the pendulum
  • y 1 is the vertical distance from the center of the pendulum to the main axis
  • M 2 is the mass of the counterweight
  • x 2 is the horizontal distance between the center of mass of the counterweight and the main axis
  • y 2 is the vertical distance from the center of mass of the counterweight to the main axis
  • I ⁇ is the moment of inertia attached to the pendulum body pitch
  • I 1 is the moment of inertia of the pendulum body around the main axis
  • I 21 is the counterweight The moment of inertia around its center of mass, Is the moment of inertia of the counterweight around the main shaft.
  • a code disc is arranged on the main shaft connected to the pendulum body, and the code disc is used to test the swing signal of the pendulum body.
  • the load identification method is adopted to identify the wave period and the wave force.
  • the natural vibration period of the pendulum is adjusted in real time to realize the resonance between the pendulum and the wave; the power generation of the energy capturing system is controlled according to the identified wave excitation and wave period.
  • the top of the back wave surface of the pendulum body is in the shape of a large arc, and the bottom is in the shape of a small arc; the large arc and the small arc are centered on the main axis, between the large arc and the small arc Spiral, involute and high-order curve transition are adopted, and the distance between the outer normal on the transition curve and the spindle axis is the smallest.
  • the wave-facing surface of the pendulum body is set as a plane.
  • the wave-facing surface curve is tangent to the small arc at the bottom of the back wave surface, intersects the large arc at the top, and the intersection is rounded.
  • the wave-facing surface of the pendulum body may be set as a concave arc surface.
  • the wave-facing surface curve is tangent to the small arc at the bottom of the back wave surface, and intersects with the large arc at the top. Round the corners.
  • the wave front surface of the pendulum body may be set as the same mirror surface as the back wave surface.
  • the power generation system is arranged outside the pendulum body.
  • the power generation system is arranged inside a cabin formed by a pendulum body.
  • the pendulum body is completely immersed in water during operation.
  • the pendulum structure of a general buoyancy pendulum wave energy device is a plate-like structure, such as the Oyster wave energy device.
  • the radiation characteristic of this structure is poor, its radiation energy is large, and the attachment quality and attachment damping of the structure are relatively large.
  • the attached mass directly affects the natural vibration period of the system. When the attached mass is large, its natural vibration period is longer, making it difficult for the vibrating system to resonate under actual sea conditions, and because of its longer natural vibration period, the pendulum tends to have inertial characteristics .
  • the captured energy is radiated more, on the other hand, it reduces the vibration amplitude of the system, thereby reducing the wave force stroke, reducing the wave energy input, and actually reducing the wave Energy system energy absorption capacity. Therefore, this pendulum structure captures the wave energy while radiating the energy out like a wave maker, making it difficult to efficiently absorb the captured wave energy.
  • the force generated by the attached mass and the attached damping is actually the radiation force, and the attached mass and the attached damping are parameters describing the radiation hydrodynamic characteristics of the captive body.
  • the design method of the shape of the C-type wave energy device is proposed to reduce the radiation of the buoyant pendulum.
  • the support shaft of the pendulum is set as the main shaft, and the two ends of the main shaft axis are the pivot points.
  • the vertical distance between the normal direction and the pivot point should be as small as possible to ensure that the moment of radiation force on the pendulum body is as small as possible.
  • the method is as follows: a large circle is used at the top of the pendulum, a small circle is used at the bottom, and the two circles are concentric with the main axis, and a spiral, involute, and For high-order curve transition, the optimization goal is to minimize the distance between the outer normal on the transition curve and the spindle axis.
  • the back wave surface of the pendulum body designed in this way can effectively reduce the radiation of the pendulum body and can obtain the most efficient wave energy device form.
  • the shape of the back wave surface of the pendulum body obtained by optimization is like "C", so the wave energy device of the present invention is named the active resonance C-type buoyant pendulum wave energy device.
  • the design goal of the wave energy device is to obtain the maximum wave energy, so it is necessary to design the wave facing surface of the pendulum.
  • the incident force of a wave has two forms: the main wave interference force (F-K force) and the wave diffraction force.
  • F-K force is surface force
  • diffraction force is physical force.
  • the present invention proposes three wave-heading surface forms.
  • the potential function of the incident wave of the F-K force is related to the surface normal of the object.
  • the maximum gradient direction of the incident wave potential function is designed to be consistent with the normal direction of the wave-facing surface, which is conducive to the incidence of waves.
  • the wave is a dynamic process, and its potential function is different at each moment, which cannot satisfy the maximum gradient direction of the incident wave potential function at the normal moment of the wave facing surface. For this reason, the maximum time of F-K force is designed to be consistent with the normal direction of the wave surface to achieve the purpose of maximum absorption of wave energy.
  • the vibration system When the vibration system is in the resonance state, its displacement and excitation have the characteristics of a difference of ⁇ /2, that is, the wave is at the peak and trough when the pendulum is in the equilibrium position, and the maximum gradient direction of the wave's potential function is the horizontal direction.
  • the wave-facing surface is designed into a plane form. When in the equilibrium position, the normal direction of the plane is horizontal, and the maximum F-K force can be obtained, which is conducive to the incidence of wave energy.
  • the use of a flat wave facing surface will cause greater radiation, which is unfavorable for wave energy devices to capture wave energy.
  • the requirement that the direction of the maximum gradient of the incident wave potential function is consistent with the normal direction of the upcoming surface indicates that the F-K force and the radiation force are on the same straight line. If the F-K force is greater than the radiation force, the system can capture wave energy.
  • the incident wave energy is squared with the incident wave excitation amplitude. Although the plane form causes larger radiation, the incident wave energy is larger. This design can effectively improve the wave energy capture efficiency.
  • This wave-facing surface also has the disadvantage of larger radiation, but the incident wave energy is larger, which can ensure the efficiency of capturing wave energy.
  • the symmetrical form is that the front wave surface form is the same as the back wave surface form.
  • the pendulum of this wave front form mainly uses the diffraction force of the wave to capture wave energy.
  • the F-K force on the front wave surface is smaller than the first two forms, its diffraction power is increased by about 2 times, and the radiation force is greatly reduced. Therefore, the efficiency of capturing wave energy is still very high.
  • the power generation system of the active resonance C-type buoyant pendulum wave energy power generation device can be built into the cabin formed by the pendulum body, or it can be arranged outside the pendulum body and connected with a drive shaft.
  • the pendulum body drives the transmission shaft to reciprocate, and the chain and ratchet mechanism convert the reciprocating rotation into one-way rotation, and use the speed increasing mechanism to increase the rotation speed, and then drive the permanent magnet generator to generate electricity.
  • a support is required to fix the relative position of the pendulum and the power generation system.
  • the C-type wave energy device In order to reduce the viscous damping caused by wave breaking, increase the front wave area, facilitate control and improve the anti-wind and wave ability of the wave energy device, the C-type wave energy device is completely immersed in water. Of course, it can also work out of the water at low tide, but a balance control system is needed.
  • the active resonance C-type buoyancy pendulum wave energy power generation device proposed by the technical scheme of the present invention is obtained by theoretical research of active resonance wave energy technology.
  • the main idea of active resonant wave energy technology is to actively adjust the natural vibration period of the wave energy system to adapt to waves, so that the wave energy system is in resonance; reduce the radiation force of the device to increase the wave absorbing ability of the device; increase the incident force of wave energy; Canon Power System (PTO) damping.
  • PTO Canon Power System
  • the back wave surface adopts concentric cylinders, and the radiation moment generated when the radiation force of the cylinder passes through the axis of the main shaft is zero, which effectively reduces the radiation moment.
  • the upper part of the C device uses a large diameter cylinder and the lower part uses a small diameter cylinder.
  • the cylinders are connected by a spiral line and a high-order fitting curve.
  • the objective function of controlling the connection line is that the distance between the normal line of the surface and the axis of the main shaft is the smallest, so as to reduce the radiation moment.
  • the wave-heading surface is aimed at the maximum incident wave energy, and the F-K force and the maximum diffraction force given by the potential flow theory are used as the basis for the design of the wave-heading surface.
  • the C device is completely immersed in water to work. Of course, it can also work on the surface of the water at low tide, but a balance control system is required.
  • the pendulum vibration system can realize the resonance of energy capture in real time, and achieve high-efficiency wave energy capture.
  • All the movable parts of the C-type wave energy device are in the pendulum body and the sealed cabin of the power generation system, and are not in contact with sea water, which effectively improves the corrosion resistance.
  • the wave energy device works below the water surface and has strong ability to resist wind and waves.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the composition of the "active resonance C-type buoyancy pendulum wave energy power generation device" of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the calculation of the back wave surface optimization curve
  • Figure 4 is one of the schematic cross-sectional outlines of the pendulum
  • Figure 5 is the second schematic diagram of the cross-sectional profile of the pendulum body
  • Figure 6 is the third schematic diagram of the cross-sectional profile of the pendulum body.
  • the active resonance C-type buoyant pendulum wave energy power generation device of the present invention includes: an energy capture system, a power generation system 6, a raft base 3, and the power generation system 6 and the energy capture system are installed with a raft
  • the energy capture system is used to capture wave energy, convert it into mechanical energy, and transmit it to the power generation system through the main shaft for power generation.
  • the energy capture system includes: a pendulum body 1, the pendulum body 1 has a closed cabin structure, a spindle 4 is fixedly connected between the two sides of the pendulum body 1, the pendulum body 1 rotates and swings around the spindle 4, and the spindle 4 passes through a bearing
  • the base 2 is installed on the raft base 3, and one end of the main shaft 4 is connected to the power input shaft 16 of the power generation system 6 through a coupling.
  • the two sides of the pendulum body 1 are vertical planes parallel to each other.
  • the outside of the pendulum body connected between the two sides are the wave-facing surface and the back-wave surface formed according to the set shape.
  • the pendulum body 1 is provided with horizontal reinforcement ribs 8 and vertical reinforcement ribs. 10.
  • a counterweight 14 that can adjust the center of mass, a center of mass adjustment motor 11, a stabilizing guide rod 12, and a center of mass adjustment screw 13, the counterweight 14 is in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, and a lifting platform is provided under the counterweight 14 ,
  • the lifting platform is fixedly connected to the center of mass adjustment screw 13, four corners of the lifting platform are provided with through holes, the through holes are slidingly fitted with the stabilizing guide rod 12, and the center of mass adjustment motor 11 is used to drive the center of mass adjustment screw 13 to rotate ,
  • the center of mass adjustment screw 13 drives the counterweight to rise and fall, and the counterweight 14 adjusts the position of the counterweight according to the wave period, thereby changing the return stiffness of the pendulum vibrator, realizing the self-vibration period adjustment of the wave energy device, and forming resonance.
  • the power generation system 6 includes two driving sprockets 17, two chains 18, a reversing shaft 19, a generator main shaft 20, a speed increaser 21 and a permanent magnet generator 22.
  • the two driving sprockets 17 are arranged as a ratchet mechanism, the driving sprocket 17 is installed on the power input shaft 16, one of the driving sprocket drives the generator main shaft 20 through the chain 18, and the other driving sprocket drives the reversing shaft through the chain 19.
  • the reversing shaft 19 then drives the generator main shaft 20 through a gear pair, the generator main shaft 20 is connected to the input end of the speed increaser 21, and the output end of the speed increaser 21 is connected to the input shaft of the permanent magnet generator 22.
  • the pendulum body 1 drives the main shaft 4 to reciprocate.
  • the reciprocating rotation is converted into unidirectional rotation.
  • the speed increaser 21 is used to increase the rotation speed, and then the permanent magnet generator 22 is driven to achieve Power generation.
  • the buoyant pendulum wave energy generating device of the present invention is completely submerged in water to work. Of course, it can also work on the surface of the water at low tide, but balance control is required system.
  • the power generation system 6 may be built into the interior of the cabin formed by the pendulum body 1.
  • the design method proposed by the present invention to reduce the back wave surface radiation of the pendulum is as follows: the pendulum adopts a large circle at the top and a small circle at the bottom. The two circles are concentric with the main axis, and a spiral or involute line is used between the two circles. And high-order curve transition, the optimization goal is to minimize the distance between the outer normal on the transition curve and the spindle axis.
  • the back wave surface of the pendulum designed in this way can effectively reduce the radiation of the pendulum and obtain the most efficient wave energy device.
  • the shape of the wave surface of the swing back obtained by optimization is like a C letter, so the wave energy device of the present invention is named the active resonance C-type buoyant pendulum wave energy device.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the back wave surface is shown by the curves in the first and fourth quadrants.
  • the curve at the upper part is a large arc with a radius of R, and the curve at the lower part is a small arc with a radius of r.
  • the x and y values of each section of the curve between and the small arc are calculated according to the following objective function:
  • h represents the distance between the outer normal on the transition curve and the spindle axis
  • ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 are design variables
  • a,b,c,d,e,f,g,v are parameters, ⁇ [ ⁇ /2, ⁇ ] ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 ⁇ [0, ⁇ /36].
  • the constraints of each segment are as follows:
  • Fig. 4 is a pendulum body in a flat form
  • Fig. 5 is a pendulum body in a concave arc form
  • Fig. 6 It is the pendulum body of the same form as the back wave surface.
  • the R value indicated in Figures 4-6 refers to the radius value at this point, in mm.
  • the front wave surface curve corresponds to the small arc at the bottom. Cut, intersect with the large arc at the top, and round the corners at the intersection.
  • the direction of the maximum gradient of the incident wave potential function is designed to be consistent with the normal direction of the wave facing surface, which is beneficial to the incidence of waves.
  • the well-known incident wave force has two forms: the main wave interference force (F-K force) and the wave diffraction force, where the F-K force is the surface force and the diffraction force is the physical force.
  • F-K force is the main wave interference force
  • the optimized design scheme should be to achieve the maximum absorption wave energy with the maximum time of F-K force consistent with the normal direction of the wave surface.
  • the vibration system When the vibration system is in the resonance state, its displacement and excitation have the characteristics of a difference of ⁇ /2, that is, the wave is at the peak and trough when the pendulum is in the equilibrium position, and the maximum gradient direction of the wave's potential function is the horizontal direction.
  • the wave-facing surface is designed into a plane form. When in the equilibrium position, the normal direction of the plane is horizontal, and the maximum F-K force can be obtained, which is conducive to the incidence of wave energy.
  • the use of a flat wave facing surface will cause greater radiation, which is unfavorable for wave energy devices to capture wave energy.
  • the requirement that the direction of the maximum gradient of the incident wave potential function is consistent with the normal direction of the upcoming surface indicates that the F-K force and the radiation force are on the same straight line. If the F-K force is greater than the radiation force, the system can capture wave energy.
  • the incident wave energy is squared with the incident wave excitation amplitude. Although the plane form causes larger radiation, the incident wave energy is larger. This design can effectively improve the wave energy capture efficiency.
  • the diffraction force of the wave is mainly used to capture wave energy.
  • the F-K force on the front wave surface is smaller than the first two forms, its diffraction power is increased by about 2 times, and the radiation force is greatly reduced, so the efficiency of capturing wave energy is still very high.
  • the design basis of the self-vibration period adjustment method and adjustment model of the active resonance C-type buoyancy pendulum wave energy power generation device of the present invention is as follows:
  • the position of the center of mass of the pendulum body determines the return moment stiffness of the pendulum body, thereby affecting the natural vibration period of the pendulum oscillator.
  • the C-type wave energy device is equipped with a counterweight that can adjust the center of mass in its pendulum body, and adjusts the position of the counterweight according to the period of the wave, thereby changing the return stiffness of the pendulum vibrator and realizing the adjustment of the natural vibration period of the wave energy device. Form a resonance.
  • ⁇ is the wave circle frequency
  • F f is the buoyancy
  • y f is the vertical distance from the center of buoyancy to the main axis
  • M 1 is the mass of the pendulum
  • y 1 is the vertical distance from the center of the pendulum to the main axis
  • M 2 is the mass of the counterweight
  • x 2 is the horizontal distance between the center of mass of the counterweight and the main axis
  • y 2 is the vertical distance from the center of mass of the counterweight to the main axis
  • I ⁇ is the moment of inertia attached to the pendulum body pitch
  • I 1 is the moment of inertia of the pendulum body around the main axis
  • I 21 is the counterweight The moment of inertia around its center of mass, Is the moment of inertia of the counterweight around the main shaft.
  • a code disc is arranged on the main shaft connected with the pendulum to test the signal of the swing of the pendulum.
  • the load identification method is used to identify the wave period and wave excitation force, which provides a basis for the control of the wave energy device, so as to realize the real-time adjustment of the natural vibration period and real-time resonance of the pendulum oscillator according to the actual wave conditions.
  • the design method to reduce the radiation force of the active resonance C-type buoyant pendulum wave energy generating device is:
  • the pendulum structure of a general buoyancy pendulum wave energy device is a plate-like structure, such as the Oyster wave energy device.
  • the radiation characteristic of this structure is poor, its radiation energy is large, and the attachment quality and attachment damping of the structure are relatively large.
  • the attached mass directly affects the natural vibration period of the system. When the attached mass is large, its natural vibration period is longer, making it difficult for the vibrating system to resonate under actual sea conditions, and because of its longer natural vibration period, the pendulum tends to have inertial characteristics .
  • the captured energy is radiated more, on the other hand, it reduces the vibration amplitude of the system, thereby reducing the wave force stroke, reducing the wave energy input, and actually reducing the wave Energy system energy absorption capacity. Therefore, this pendulum structure captures the wave energy while radiating the energy out like a wave maker, making it difficult to capture the captured wave energy.
  • the force generated by the attached mass and the attached damping is actually the radiation force, and the attached mass and the attached damping are parameters describing the radiation hydrodynamic characteristics of the captive body.
  • the attached mass and the attached damping are parameters describing the radiation hydrodynamic characteristics of the captive body.
  • its excellent radiation characteristics are very important, mainly in that the radiation force of wave energy devices should be small.
  • the design method of the shape of C-type wave energy device is proposed.
  • the shape of the pendulum should be such that the vertical distance between its normal and the axis of the main shaft is as small as possible to ensure that the moment of radiation force on the pendulum is as small as possible.
  • the pendulum structure is a concentric cylinder, the structure has the smallest radiation, but the incident wave energy is also very small, and the wave energy conversion efficiency cannot be obtained. For this reason, a design method to reduce the radiation of the back wave surface of the pendulum is proposed. The method is as follows: the pendulum adopts a large circle at the top and a small circle at the bottom. The two circles are concentric with the main axis, and spirals, involutes and high-level are used between the two circles.
  • the optimization goal is to minimize the distance between the outer normal on the transition curve and the spindle axis.
  • the back wave surface of the pendulum designed in this way can effectively reduce the radiation of the pendulum and obtain the most efficient wave energy device.
  • the shape of the wave surface of the back of the pendulum obtained by optimization is like "C", so the wave energy device of the present invention is named the active resonance C-type buoyant pendulum wave energy device.
  • the design is designed according to the shape of the maximum incident wave energy, and the goal is to obtain the maximum wave energy.
  • three pendulum structures with different shapes are designed as shown in Fig. 3 to Fig. 5.
  • the active resonance C-type buoyancy pendulum wave energy power generation device proposed by the technical scheme of the present invention is obtained by theoretical research of active resonance wave energy technology.
  • the main idea of active resonant wave energy technology is to actively adjust the natural vibration period of the wave energy system to adapt to waves, so that the wave energy system is in resonance; reduce the radiation force of the device to increase the wave absorbing ability of the device; increase the incident force of wave energy; Canon Power System (PTO) damping.
  • PTO Canon Power System
  • the back wave surface adopts concentric cylinders, and the radiation moment generated when the radiation force of the cylinder passes through the axis of the main shaft is zero, which effectively reduces the radiation moment.
  • the upper part of the C device adopts a large diameter cylinder and the lower part adopts a small diameter cylinder.
  • the cylinders are connected by a spiral line and a high-order fitting curve.
  • the objective function of controlling the connection line is that the distance between the normal line of the surface and the axis of the main shaft is the smallest, so as to reduce the radiation moment.
  • the wave-heading surface is aimed at the maximum incident wave energy, and the F-K force and the maximum diffraction force given by the potential flow theory are used as the basis for the design of the wave-heading surface.
  • the C device is completely immersed in water to work. Of course, it can also work on the surface of the water at low tides, but balance control is required. system.
  • the resonance of the energy-capturing pendulum vibration system can be realized in real time, and high-efficiency wave energy capture can be realized.
  • the excellent radiation hydrodynamic characteristics of the device effectively reduces the radiation energy of the wave energy device, and ensures the wave-absorbing performance of the wave energy device.
  • the incident of F-K force or diffraction force is ensured, and the energy capture of incident wave is effectively improved. Realize the conversion of reciprocating rotation into rotary motion, thereby ensuring the efficiency of the permanent magnet generator.
  • All movable parts of the C-type wave energy device are in the pendulum body and the sealed cabin of the power generation system, and are not in contact with seawater, which effectively improves the corrosion resistance.
  • the wave energy device works below the water surface, and has a strong ability to resist wind and waves.
  • the conversion efficiency of the active resonance C-type buoyancy pendulum wave energy power generation device of the present invention in actual operation is greater than or equal to 57%, and there is a potential for further improvement and improvement.
  • the power generation system and the raft support are separately installed in advance. Then first fix the raft support on the semi-submersible vessel at the construction site, and then install the pendulum body and power generation system.
  • the work site of the wave energy device is first leveled underwater, and then the device is transported to the work site by a semi-submersible boat, the wave energy device is placed, and the raft support of the power generation device is used as the foundation, and the raft foundation is anchored.
  • it is required that the self-importance of the entire device is much greater than its buoyancy, which improves the anti-drift ability of the device.
  • a sensor is installed in the pendulum body to monitor the motion parameters of the pendulum, and the period and amplitude of the wave force are recognized in real time through load recognition technology to provide parameters for the natural vibration period of the pendulum body and the energy intake control of the generator.
  • the active resonant C-type buoyancy pendulum wave energy power generation device of the present invention can have multiple uses, three of which are as follows:
  • Deploying active resonance C-type buoyancy pendulum wave energy power generation devices in sea areas or islands with abundant wave energy resources can provide energy supply for coastal areas and islands and improve their energy structure.
  • islands have abundant wave energy resources around them, and the islands lack power resources.
  • the C-type wave energy device is deployed on the seabed in the designated sea area in the form of an array, and the electric energy is transmitted to the shore through the offshore cable and integrated into the power grid or micro grid.
  • C-type wave energy devices are arranged in rows.
  • the device can efficiently absorb wave energy, convert it into electrical energy, and transmit it to the shore power grid or micro-grid through cables.
  • the active resonance C-type buoyant pendulum wave energy device absorbs the energy of the waves, the wave energy can be effectively reduced, and the waves can be eliminated, thereby reducing the erosion of the waves on the embankment and improving the safety level of the embankment.
  • This application can kill two birds with one stone.
  • Active resonance C-type buoyancy pendulum wave energy devices can be used to convert wave energy into electricity to provide energy for these marine activities. Due to the deep sea depth in the far sea, the C-type wave energy device cannot be installed in bed.
  • the C-type wave energy device can be combined with semi-submersible barge technology to realize deep-sea wave energy utilization. Place the C-type wave energy device on a special semi-submersible barge, see it to the designated sea area with a tugboat, use a mooring system to anchor the semi-submersible barge in the designated sea area, and then use cables to transfer the energy produced by the wave energy device Provide to the corresponding facilities and equipment.

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Abstract

一种主动共振C式浮力摆波浪能发电装置，是一种完全浸没于水中的呈舱室状的波浪能发电装置，包括俘能系统、发电系统（6）和筏式底座（3），俘能系统包括呈舱室状摆体（1），摆体（1）内设置有自动质心调节装置，摆体（1）固连于主轴（4），主轴（4）与发电系统（6）连接，主轴（4）上还设置有用于测试摆体（1）摆动的码盘，摆体（1）两侧面平行，背波面是上大下小的两个同心圆弧，两圆弧之间采用螺旋线、渐开线及高阶曲线过渡，过渡曲线上外法线距主轴轴心的距离最小；迎波面是平面、内凹圆弧面或与背波面相同的曲面；发电系统（6）包括链条（18）、棘轮（17）、换向轴（19）、增速器（21）、永磁发电机（22），发电系统（6）内置于摆体（1）舱室内或位于摆体（1）外部。通过调节装置质心位置，实现摆体（1）实时与波浪共振，实现波能高效转换。

Description

一种主动共振C式浮力摆波浪能发电装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种主动共振C式浮力摆波浪能发电装置，具体为一种利用海上波浪能进行发电装置，属新能源技术领域。
背景技术
波浪能是海洋能的主要形式之一，是一种清洁可再生能源，便于利用，且蕴藏量大，分布广泛，能流密度较大。其中波浪能的利用是当今世界的研究热点，全球海洋强国都在开展这方面的研究，已提出4500多种技术方案，据2016年JRC Ocean Energy Status Report，Attenuator/Point absorber/OWC/OWSC四类装置技术成熟度TRL达到8级，接近商业化。当前研究的技术成熟度主要体现波能装置布放、运维及输电等方面，但波浪能转换效率普遍不高，不超过15％。效率问题成为波能技术难以商业化的瓶颈。波浪能转换效率是波浪能技术研究的根本目的，研究高效波能技术是当前研究重点之一。波浪能技术发展至今，尚未成熟，技术仍不收敛的原因在于波能转换中的一些机理尚未厘清。就当前研究而言，多数波浪能技术方案是基于准静力方法提出的，而现在的研究多从工程应用出发，缺少机理性研究。
摆式波浪能技术是实践比较多的一种波能技术，是利用波浪中水质点做往复运动的特点实现波能转换，它是日本学者渡部富治首先提出的，并于1983年进行试验，据称效率能达40％。比较有影响的是英国Aqua-marine Power公司研制的Oyster波浪能装置，这款装置由于技术原因迟迟无法商业化导致公司于2015年底破产。该装置国内也有追踪研制，专利申请者也对该装置进行了研究，发现这款装置的附连质量大，造成装置自振周期长，远离实际波浪周期，摆处于随动状态，难以实现共振。而且该波能装置的辐射阻尼也非常大，造成波浪能转换效率低。直观的分析可认为，Oyster波浪能装置类似一个造波板，其吸收的波浪能基本被辐射出去。由此可见，Oyster波浪能装置的效率不高，这可能是该装置不能商业化的原因。同样，对Pelamis波浪能装置分析同样发现其附连质量和辐射阻尼都很大，效率不高，难以商业化，英国Pelamis Wave Power公司也于2014年破产。
Edinburgh大学Salter教授1974年提出的DUCK波浪能装置也可以归为摆式波浪能技术，该装置在共振状态，其效率可达90％，Salter在Nature期刊上介绍他的工作。他利用了辐射力过主轴轴心时辐射力矩为零这一性质，采用以水平圆筒作为装置的本体，以主轴轴线为支铰轴的方案。采用该方案，装置的辐射力矩大幅下降，其自振周期进入实际海浪周期范围，易发 生共振，其辐射阻尼小，易于吸收波浪能。其迎波面上(鸭咀处)的外法向不过主轴轴心，仍有较大的辐射力矩，但辐射力小于入射力，可有效的吸收波浪能。DUCK装置必须在水面上工作，原因是鸭咀处的背面在水面以上不会产生辐射力矩，但在水中会产生较大的辐射力矩，不利于波浪能的吸收。由此带来致命的缺陷，DUCK需要巨大的支架，抗风浪的能力较弱，同时位于表面的俘能部件处会产生波浪破碎，增加大粘滞阻尼，对吸波不利。
中国科学院广州能源所提出的鹰式波浪能装置也可归为摆式，它吸取了DUCK装置的优点，在俘能部件的背波面采用了内凹的“圆筒”，以减少辐射力矩。这样处理带来的好处是“圆筒”的主轴可以降低至水下，克服了DUCK需要巨大支架的缺陷，抗风浪能力增强。但鹰式装置的迎波面还需进一步的研究，迎波面法向距支铰轴的距离加大，将增加迎波面上辐射力矩，不利于吸波，其迎波面于背波面交接处易产生涡脱，也不利于装置吸能，同样水面处会产生波浪破碎，增大粘滞阻尼，对吸波不利。
通过上述分析可知，现有波浪能利用装置存在：装置的附连质量过大带来的波能系统自振周期远高于实际波浪周期而难以发生共振问题，另一方面，附连阻尼过大，使得摆振幅较小，减小了波浪力对波能系统做功行程，从而较小了波浪能对波能系统的输入。
针对以上问题，有必要设计一种基于共振原理、采用主动共振波能技术的理论、以实现高效波能转换的波能装置。利用该装置可以克服现有浮力摆波浪能技术自振周期不可调的问题，可主动适应波浪变化形成共振；避免现有装置的附连质量过大带来的波能系统自振周期远高于实际波浪周期而难以发生共振，在实际海浪周期范围内实现共振；现有装置的附连阻尼过大，使得摆振幅较小，减小了波浪力对波能系统做功行程，从而减小了波浪能对波能系统的输入；还通过对装置外形的辐射水动力学特性优化，有效的减小辐射阻尼，实现高效波能转换。
发明内容
本发明针对背景技术所述问题，设计一种主动共振C式浮力摆波浪能发电装置，是一种高效的波浪能发电装置；通过调节装置质心位置，实现对波能系统自振周期的控制，适应波浪变化，实时与波浪发生共振，实现高效波能利用；利用共振，通过减小辐射阻尼，粘滞阻尼，增大入射波能，有效地提高装置的吸波能力，通过共振，对PTO最佳阻尼的控制，实现波能最大摄取。所述装置常态下沉没于水下工作，可有效的抗击风浪，提高其生存能力。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
主动共振C式浮力摆波浪能发电装置，包括：俘能系统、发电系统、筏式底座，所述发 电系统和俘能系统安装筏式底座上；所述俘能系统用于俘获波浪能，再转换为机械能，并通过主轴传递给发电系统进行发电；俘能系统包括摆体，所述摆体呈密闭状舱室结构，摆体的内部设置有横加强筋和竖加强筋，摆体两侧面是相互平行的垂直面，摆体两侧面之间固连有主轴，所述主轴通过轴承座安装在筏式底座上，设定：主轴轴心的两端为支铰点，摆体以该支铰点为中心旋转摆动，主轴的一端通过联轴器与发电系统的动力输入轴连接；
所述发电系统包括：二个主动链轮、二根链条、换向轴、发电机主轴、增速器和永磁发电机，所述主动链轮设置为棘轮机构，主动链轮安装在动力输入轴上，其中一个主动链轮通过链条驱动发电机主轴，另一个主动链轮通过链条、换向轴和齿轮对，驱动发电机主轴，所述发电机主轴与增速器输入端连接，增速器输出端与永磁发电机输入轴连接；在波浪的驱动下，摆体带动主轴往复摆动，再通过链条和棘轮结构，将往复转动转换成单向旋转运动，并利用增速器将旋转速度提高，再带动永磁发电机发电；其特征在于：
摆体两侧面之间舱室的外部是按设定形状构成的迎波面和背波面，摆体内部还设置有：可自动调节摆体质心的配重、质心调节电机、稳定导杆、质心调节丝杠；所述质心调节电机用于驱动质心调节丝杠旋转，质心调节丝杠带动配重按设定程序升降，进而实时调节摆体的回复刚度，实现振动系统的自振周期调整；
所述摆体的主轴上设置有码盘，所述码盘用于测试摆体摆动的信号，再采用荷载识别方法，识别波浪周期及波激力，并依据识别的波浪周期实时调整摆体的自振周期，实现摆体与波的共振。
浮力摆式波能装置是一种被广泛实践的波能装置，通常情况下，它是一种单自由度振动系统，在波浪的驱动下，其摆体绕着定轴旋转将波浪能转换为机械能，通过摆体的旋转运动带动支撑轴旋转运动，再通过内置的或者外置的能量摄取系统(PTO，Power Take Off)，利用装置的旋转运动带动发电机实现发电，将旋转的机械能转化为电能。
评判波能装置的指标是其效率、生存能力和运维性能，传统的波能装置(包括浮力摆波能装置)效率都不高，不超过15％。通过研究可以发现传统的浮力摆波能装置自振周期较大，远离实际海浪的周期；辐射力较大，不利于波能装置吸收波能，易被水“控制”，从而俘能效率低下。
为了提高波能装置的效率，对波能转换机理进行研究，对于摆式波能装置的工作原理而言，它是利用振动截获波能，振动系统吸收能量的最佳方式是让系统共振，因此波能系统共振是其唯一提高波能效率的途径；基于共振原理、依据波能装置辐射特性提出实现共振的方 法、利用共振时振动系统特性提出了主动共振C式浮力摆波浪能发电装置；其特征在于：
1.主动共振C式浮力摆波浪能发电装置的自振周期调节方法和控制模型
在波能系统中，摆体是一个振子，即摆振子，摆体的质心位置决定了摆体的回复刚度，从而影响摆振子自振周期。基于此，主动共振C式浮力摆波能装置在其摆体内设置可以调节质心的配重块，根据波浪的周期，调整配重的位置，从而改变摆振子的回复刚度，实现波能装置的自振周期调节，形成与波的实时共振。
其配重质心调节公式为：
Figure PCTCN2019127693-appb-000001
其中ω为波浪圆频率，F f为浮力，y f为浮心距主轴垂向距离，M 1为摆体质量，y 1为摆体质心距主轴垂向距离，M 2为配重质量，x 2为配重质心距主轴的水平距离，y 2为配重质心距主轴垂向距离，I ω为摆体纵摇附连转动惯量，I 1为摆体绕主轴转动惯量，I 21为配重绕其质心的转动惯量，
Figure PCTCN2019127693-appb-000002
为配重绕主轴的转动惯量。
在联接摆体的主轴上设置有码盘，所述码盘用于测试摆体摆动的信号，对所测试的摆动信号，采用荷载识别方法，识别波浪周期及波激力。再依据识别的波浪周期实时调整摆体的自振周期，实现摆体与波的共振；依据识别的波激力和波浪周期控制摄能系统的发电功率。
上述技术方案中，所述摆体背波面的顶部呈大圆弧状、底部呈小圆弧状；所述大圆弧和小圆弧均以主轴为圆心，大圆弧和小圆弧之间采用螺旋线、渐开线及高阶曲线过渡，过渡曲线上外法线距主轴轴心的距离最小。
上述技术方案中，所述摆体迎波面设置为平面，此时，迎波面曲线与背波面位于底部的小圆弧相切，与位于顶部的大圆弧相交，相交处倒圆角。
上述技术方案中，所述摆体迎波面或者是设置为内凹圆弧面，此时，迎波面曲线与背波面位于底部的小圆弧相切，与位于顶部的大圆弧相交，相交处倒圆角。
上述技术方案中，所述摆体迎波面或者是设置为与背波面相同的镜像面。
上述技术方案中，所述发电系统设置在摆体外部。
上述技术方案中，所述发电系统设置在摆体形成的舱室内部。
上述技术方案中，所述摆体在工作时完全浸没于水中。
2.降低主动共振C式浮力摆波浪能发电装置辐射力的设计方法
一般浮力摆波能装置的摆结构是一类似于板的结构，例如Oyster波浪能装置。对于波能装置而言，这种结构的辐射特性较差，其辐射能量很大，该结构的附连质量和附连阻尼都较大。附连质量直接影响系统的自振周期，附连质量较大时，其自振周期较长，使得振动系统 在实际海况下难以共振，且因其自振周期较长，摆体趋于惯性特征。附连阻尼较大时，一方面是俘获的能量被辐射出去的较多，另一方面，减小了系统的振动幅度，从而减小波浪力做功行程，减小波浪能的输入，实则降低波能系统吸能能力。因此这种摆体结构一边俘获波能，一边类似造波板一样将能量又辐射出去，难以高效摄取其俘获的波能。
附连质量和附连阻尼所产生的力实际上是辐射力，附连质量和附连阻尼则为描述俘体的辐射水动力学特性的参数。对于波能装置，其优良的辐射特性是非常重要的，主要表现在波能装置的辐射力应尽量地小。为此，提出了C式波能装置外形的设计方法，以减小浮力摆的辐射，设定摆体的支撑轴为主轴，所述主轴轴心的两端为支铰点，其摆体外形应满足其法线法向与支铰点的垂直距离尽可能的小，保证辐射力对摆体作用力矩尽可能的小。过支铰点的同心圆上各点的法线均过圆心，其上辐射力对摆体的矩为零，是最为理想的减少辐射的形状。如果摆体结构是一个同心圆的圆筒，这样结构尽管辐射最小，但波能入射也很小，同样得不到很好的波能转换效率。为此提出减小摆体的背波面辐射的设计方法，该方法为：摆体顶部采用一个大圆，底部采用一个小圆，两圆与主轴同心，两圆之间采用螺旋线、渐开线及高阶曲线过渡，以过渡曲线上外法线距主轴轴心的距离最小为优化目标。这样设计得到的摆体背波面可有效地减少摆体的辐射，可以得到效率最优的波能装置形式。优化得到的摆体背波面形状像“C”字，故对本发明波能装置取名主动共振C式浮力摆波浪能装置。
3.最大入射波能的形状设计
波能装置设计目标就是获取最大的波能，因此需要对摆体的迎波面进行设计。波浪的入射的力有两种形式：波浪主干扰力(F-K力)和波浪绕射力。F-K力为面力，绕射力为体力。针对其形式不同，本发明提出三种迎波面形式。
(1)平面形式
F-K力入射波的势函数及物体表面法向有关。迎波面设计时，为了获得最大入射波，将入射波势函数的最大梯度方向与迎波面的法向设计为一致，有利于波的入射。
波是一个动态过程，其势函数在每个时刻都不相同，无法满足迎波面法向时刻与入射波势函数的最大梯度方向一致。为此设计F-K力最大时刻与波面的法向一致达到最大吸收波能的目的。振动系统在共振状态时其位移与激励有相差π/2的特征，即摆在平衡位置时波处于波峰和波谷，此时波的势函数的最大梯度方向为水平方向。利用这一点，将迎波面设计成平面形式，在平衡位置时，该平面的法向为水平向，可以获得最大的F-K力，有利于波能入射。
采用平面形式的迎波面将造成较大辐射，对波能装置俘获波能不利。入射波势函数的最大梯度方向与迎波面的法向一致这一要求表明F-K力和辐射力方向在同一直线上，若F-K力大于辐射力，系统可以俘获波浪能。入射的波浪能与入射的波激力幅值成平方关系，尽管平面 形式造成辐射较大，但入射波能更大，这种设计可有效提高波能俘获效率。
(2)内凹圆弧形式
其原理同上，采用这种方式主要考虑入射波势函数的最大梯度方向的平均值。这种迎波面同样存在辐射较大的缺点，但入射波能较大，可以保证俘获波能的效率。
(3)对称形式
对称形式是迎波面形式与背波面形式相同，这种迎波面形式的摆主要利用波浪的绕射力俘获波能。尽管该迎波面上的F-K力较前两个形式的小，但其绕射力增加约2倍，且辐射力大幅减小。因此俘获波能的效率仍很高。
4.发电系统
主动共振C式浮力摆波浪能发电装置的发电系统可以内置于摆体形成的舱室内，也可布置在摆体外用传动轴联接。在波浪的驱动下，摆体带动传动轴往复转动，通过链条和棘轮机构，将往复转动转换成单向旋转运动，并利用增速机构将旋转速度提高，再带动永磁发电机实现发电。在采用外置式发电系统时，需用支座将摆与发电系统相对位置固定。
5.运行形式
为了减小波破碎带来的粘滞阻尼、增加迎波面积和便于控制及提高波能装置抗风浪能力，C式波能装置是完全浸没于水中工作。当然在低潮位时也可露出水面工作，但需增加平衡控制系统。
本发明技术方案提出的主动共振C式浮力摆波浪能发电装置，是采用主动共振波能技术理论研究得到的。主动共振波能技术主要思想是主动调节波能系统的自振周期适应波浪，使波能系统处于共振状态；降低装置辐射力以增加装置的吸波能力；增加波浪能入射力；采用共振时最佳摄能系统(PTO)阻尼。针对浮力摆的特点，提出通过调节装置质心位置，改变回复刚度，实现对波能系统自振周期的控制，从而可通过对波能系统的自振周期控制以适应波浪实时产生共振。对主动共振C式浮力摆波能装置的迎波面和背波面采用不同的设计方案。背波面采用同心圆筒，利用圆筒的辐射力过主轴轴心时产生的辐射力矩为零的性质，有效降低辐射力矩。为了便于将装置布置在水面以下，增加抗击风浪能力和增加迎波面积以及便于控制，并有效降低摆体的辐射力矩，C装置上部采用大直径的圆筒，下部采用小直径的圆筒，大小圆筒之间采用螺旋线和高次拟合曲线进行连接，控制连接线的目标函数是曲面外法线距主轴轴心的距离最小，以降低辐射力矩。迎波面以入射波能最大为目标，利用势流理论给出的F-K力和绕射力最大作为迎波面设计依据。为了减小波破碎带来的粘滞阻尼及提高波能装置抗风浪能力，C装置是完全浸没于水中工作，当然在低潮位时也可露出水面工作，但需增加平衡控制系统。
本发明可带来的有益效果是：
⑴可实时实现俘能的摆振动系统共振，实现高效波能俘获。
⑵优良的辐射水动力学特性，有效减小了波能装置辐射能量，并保证了波能装置的吸波性能，同时保证了俘能振动系统的自振周期可控制在设计海浪周期范围，保证系统实现共振。
⑶保证了F-K力或绕射力的入射，有效的提高了入射波能俘获。
⑷实现了将往复转动转换成旋转运动，从而保证了永磁发电机的效率。
⑸C式波能装置的所有活动部件均在摆体和发电系统的密封舱内，与海水不接触，有效的提高了抗腐蚀的能力。
⑹波能装置工作与水面以下，抗击风浪能力强。
附图说明
图1是为本发明“主动共振C式浮力摆波浪能发电装置”组成示意图；
图2为图1之内部结构组成示意图；
图3为背波面优化曲线计算示意图；
图4为摆体剖面轮廓示意图之一；
图5为摆体剖面轮廓示意图之二；
图6为摆体剖面轮廓示意图之三。
附图中的标记说明：1—摆体，2—轴承座，3—筏式底座，4—主传动轴，6—发电系统，8—横加强筋，10—竖加强筋，11—质心调节电机，12—稳定导杆，13—质心调节丝杠，14—配重块，16—动力输入轴，17—主动链轮，18—链条，19—换向轴，20—发电机主轴，21—增速器，22—永磁发电机。
具体实施方式
以下结合本发明所属附图，进一步细致描述本发明，以便本领域技术人员能够更加清楚的理解本发明的方案。但并不因此限制本发明的保护范围，对本发明做出的各种改动等都属于所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
参见附图1、附图2所示，本发明主动共振C式浮力摆波浪能发电装置，包括：俘能系 统、发电系统6、筏式底座3，所述发电系统6和俘能系统安装筏式底座上；所述俘能系统用于俘获波浪能，再转换为机械能，并通过主轴传递给发电系统进行发电。俘能系统包括：摆体1，所述摆体1呈密闭状舱室结构，摆体1两侧面之间固连有主轴4，摆体1以主轴4为中心旋转摆动，所述主轴4通过轴承座2安装在筏式底座3上，主轴4的一端通过联轴器与发电系统6的动力输入轴16连接。
摆体1两侧面是相互平行的垂直面，连接在两侧面之间的摆体外部是按设定形状构成的迎波面和背波面，摆体1的内部设置有横加强筋8和竖加强筋10，还设置有：可以调节质心的配重块14、质心调节电机11、稳定导杆12、质心调节丝杠13，所述配重块14呈长方体状，配重块14下部设置有升降平台，所述升降平台与质心调节丝杠13固连，升降平台的四角设置有通孔，所述通孔与稳定导杆12滑动配合，所述质心调节电机11用于驱动质心调节丝杠13旋转，质心调节丝杠13带动配重块升降，配重块14根据波浪的周期，调整配重的位置，从而改变摆振子的回复刚度，实现波能装置的自振周期调节，形成共振。
所述发电系统6包括：二个主动链轮17、二根链条18、换向轴19、发电机主轴20、增速器21和永磁发电机22。所述二个主动链轮17设置为棘轮机构，主动链轮17安装在动力输入轴16上，其中一个主动链轮通过链条18驱动发电机主轴20，另一个主动链轮通过链条驱动换向轴19，所述换向轴19再通过齿轮对驱动发电机主轴20，所述发电机主轴20与增速器21输入端连接，增速器21输出端与永磁发电机22输入轴连接。在波浪的驱动下，摆体1带动主轴4往复转动，通过链条和棘轮机构，将往复转动转换成单向旋转运动，并利用增速器21将旋转速度提高，再带动永磁发电机22实现发电。
为了减小波破碎带来的粘滞阻尼及提高波能装置抗风浪能力，本发明浮力摆波浪能发电装置完全浸没于水中工作，当然在低潮位时也可露出水面工作，但需增加平衡控制系统。
作为本发明实施例的另一种方式，所述发电系统6或者是内置于摆体1形成的舱室内部。
参考图3，本发明所提出的减小摆的背波面辐射的设计方法是：摆顶部采用一个大圆，底部采用一个小圆，两圆与主轴同心，两圆之间采用螺旋线、渐开线及高阶曲线过渡，以过渡曲线上外法线距主轴轴心距最小为优化目标。这样设计得到的摆背波面可有效地减少摆的辐射，可以得到效率最优的波能装置形式。优化得到的摆背波面形状像C字，故对本发明波能装置取名主动共振C式浮力摆波浪能装置。
图3中，背波面截面外形如第一、第四象限中曲线所示，其中位于上部的曲线是半径为R的大圆弧，位于下部的曲线是半径为r的小圆弧，大圆弧与小圆弧之间的各段曲线之x、y值，按如下目标函数计算：
Figure PCTCN2019127693-appb-000003
上式中，h表示过渡曲线上外法线距主轴轴心距，
Figure PCTCN2019127693-appb-000004
θ 1,θ 2为设计变量，a,b,c,d,e,f,g,v为参量，
Figure PCTCN2019127693-appb-000005
θ∈[π/2,π]θ 1，θ 2∈[0,π/36]。其中各分段的约束条件分别如下：
x 2+y 2＝R 2    
Figure PCTCN2019127693-appb-000006
ax 2+bx+cy 2+dy+1＝0    
Figure PCTCN2019127693-appb-000007
ρ＝r+vβ    
Figure PCTCN2019127693-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2019127693-appb-000009
ex 2+fx+gy 2+hy+1＝0    (θ-θ 1≤β≤θ+θ 2)
x 2+y 2＝r 2    (θ+θ 2≤β≤π)
Figure PCTCN2019127693-appb-000010
Figure PCTCN2019127693-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2019127693-appb-000012
x 1/y 1＝(2ax 1+b)/(2cy 1+d)
Figure PCTCN2019127693-appb-000013
Figure PCTCN2019127693-appb-000014
Figure PCTCN2019127693-appb-000015
Figure PCTCN2019127693-appb-000016
x 3＝ρ(θ-θ 1)sin(θ-θ 1)
y 3＝ρ(θ-θ 1)cos(θ-θ 1)
Figure PCTCN2019127693-appb-000017
-(2ex 3+f)/(2gy 3+h)＝[vsin(θ-θ 1)+x 3]/[vcos(θ-θ 1)-y 3]
x 4＝rsin(θ+θ 2)
y 4＝rcos(θ+θ 2)
Figure PCTCN2019127693-appb-000018
x 4/y 4＝(2ex 4+f)/(2gy 4+h)
参考图4～图6，为本发明实施例之摆体1之迎波面的三种不同结构形式，其中图4为平面形式的摆体、图5为内凹圆弧形式的摆体、图6为与背波面形式相同形式的摆体，图4～6中所标示的R值是指该处半径值，单位为mm，图4和图5中，迎波面曲线与位于底部的小圆 弧相切，与位于顶部的大圆弧相交，且相交处倒圆角。
采用图4平面形式的摆体时，迎波面为了获得最大入射波，将入射波势函数的最大梯度方向与迎波面的法向设计为一致，有利于波的入射。
由于波是一个动态过程，其势函数在每个时刻都不相同，无法满足迎波面法向时刻与入射波势函数的最大梯度方向一致。公知的波浪入射的力有两种形式：波浪主干扰力(F-K力)和波浪绕射力，其中F-K力为面力，绕射力为体力。为保证最大效率的波能转换，优化的设计方案应该是：以F-K力最大时刻与波面的法向一致达到最大吸收波能为目的。振动系统在共振状态时其位移与激励有相差π/2的特征，即摆在平衡位置时波处于波峰和波谷，此时波的势函数的最大梯度方向为水平方向。利用这一点，将迎波面设计成平面形式，在平衡位置时，该平面的法向为水平向，可以获得最大的F-K力，有利于波能入射。
采用平面形式的迎波面将造成较大辐射，对波能装置俘获波能不利。入射波势函数的最大梯度方向与迎波面的法向一致这一要求表明F-K力和辐射力方向在同一直线上，若F-K力大于辐射力，系统可以俘获波浪能。入射的波浪能与入射的波激力幅值成平方关系，尽管平面形式造成辐射较大，但入射波能更大，这种设计可有效提高波能俘获效率。
采用图5所示内凹圆弧形式的摆体时，其原理与图3相同，主要考虑入射波势函数的最大梯度方向的平均值。这种迎波面同样存在辐射较大的缺点，但入射波能较大，可以保证俘获波能的效率。
采用图6所示对称形式的摆体时，主要利用波浪的绕射力俘获波能。尽管该迎波面上的F-K力较前两个形式的小，但其绕射力增加约2倍，且辐射力大幅减小，因此俘获波能的效率仍很高。
本发明主动共振C式浮力摆波浪能发电装置的自振周期调节方法和调节模型设计依据如下：
摆体的质心位置决定了摆体的回复力矩刚度，从而影响摆振子的自振周期。基于此，C式波能装置在其摆体内设置可以调节质心的配重块，根据波浪的周期，调整配重的位置，从而改变摆振子的回复刚度，实现波能装置的自振周期调节，形成共振。
其配重质心调节公式为：
Figure PCTCN2019127693-appb-000019
其中ω为波浪圆频率，F f为浮力，y f为浮心距主轴垂向距离，M 1为摆体质量，y 1为摆体质心距主轴垂向距离，M 2为配重质量，x 2为配重质心距主轴的水平距离，y 2为配重质心距主轴垂向距离，I ω为摆体纵摇附连转动惯量，I 1为摆体绕主轴转动惯量，I 21为配重绕其质心 的转动惯量，
Figure PCTCN2019127693-appb-000020
为配重绕主轴的转动惯量。
在联接摆体的主轴上设置有码盘，测试摆体摆动的信号。对测试的摆动信号，采用荷载识别方法，识别波浪周期及波激力，为波能装置控制提供依据，从而实现根据实际波浪情况，实时调整摆振子的自振周期，实时共振。
降低主动共振C式浮力摆波浪能发电装置辐射力的设计方法是：
一般浮力摆波能装置的摆结构是一类似于板的结构，例如Oyster波浪能装置。对于波能装置而言，这种结构的辐射特性较差，其辐射能量很大，该结构的附连质量和附连阻尼都较大。附连质量直接影响系统的自振周期，附连质量较大时，其自振周期较长，使得振动系统在实际海况下难以共振，且因其自振周期较长，摆体趋于惯性特征。附连阻尼较大时，一方面是俘获的能量被辐射出去的较多，另一方面，减小了系统的振动幅度，从而减小波浪力做功行程，减小波浪能的输入，实则降低波能系统吸能能力。因此这种摆结构一边俘获波能，一边类似造波板一样将能量又辐射出去，难以摄取其俘获的波能。
附连质量和附连阻尼所产生的力实际上是辐射力，附连质量和附连阻尼则为描述俘体的辐射水动力学特性的参数。对于波能装置，其优良的辐射特性是非常重要的，主要表现在波能装置的辐射力应较小。为此，提出了C式波能装置外形的设计方法。为了减小浮力摆的辐射，其摆外形应满足其法线法向与主轴轴心的垂直距离尽可能的小，保证辐射力对摆作用力矩尽可能的小。过主轴轴心的同心圆上各点的法线均过圆心，其上辐射力对摆的矩为零，是最为理想的减少辐射的形状。如果摆结构是一个同心圆的圆筒，这样结构尽管辐射最小，但波能入射也很小，同样得不到很好的波能转换效率。为此提出减小摆的背波面辐射的设计方法，该方法为：摆顶部采用一个大圆，底部采用一个小圆，两圆与主轴同心，两圆之间采用螺旋线、渐开线及高阶曲线过渡，以过渡曲线上外法线距主轴轴心距最小为优化目标。这样设计得到的摆背波面可有效地减少摆的辐射，可以得到效率最优的波能装置形式。优化得到的摆背波面形状像“C”字，故对本发明波能装置取名主动共振C式浮力摆波浪能装置。
本发明技术方案中，按最大入射波能的形状设计，其目标就是获取最大的波能，并针对波浪的入射力不同形式，设计如图3～图5三种不同形状的摆体结构。
本发明技术方案提出的主动共振C式浮力摆波浪能发电装置，是采用主动共振波能技术理论研究得到的。主动共振波能技术主要思想是主动调节波能系统的自振周期适应波浪，使波能系统处于共振状态；降低装置辐射力以增加装置的吸波能力；增加波浪能入射力；采用共振时最佳摄能系统(PTO)阻尼。针对浮力摆的特点，提出通过调节装置质心位置，改变回复刚度，实现对波能系统自振周期的控制，从而可通过对波能系统的自振周期控制以适应波浪实时产生共振。对主动共振C式浮力摆波能装置的迎波面和背波面采用不同的设计方 案。背波面采用同心圆筒，利用圆筒的辐射力过主轴轴心时产生的辐射力矩为零的性质，有效降低辐射力矩。为了便于将装置布置在水面以下，增加抗击风浪能力和增加迎波面面积以及便于控制，并有效降低摆体的辐射力矩，C装置上部采用大直径的圆筒，下部采用小直径的圆筒，大小圆筒之间采用螺旋线和高次拟合曲线进行连接，控制连接线的目标函数是曲面外法线距主轴轴心的距离最小，以降低辐射力矩。迎波面以入射波能最大为目标，利用势流理论给出的F-K力和绕射力最大作为迎波面设计依据。为了减小波破碎带来的粘滞阻尼和增加迎波面面积及提高波能装置抗风浪能力，C装置是完全浸没于水中工作，当然在低潮位时也可露出水面工作，但需增加平衡控制系统。
采用本发明“主动共振C式浮力摆波浪能发电装置”，可实时实现俘能的摆振动系统共振，实现高效波能俘获。该装置优良的辐射水动力学特性，有效减小了波能装置辐射能量，并保证了波能装置的吸波性能，同时保证了俘能振动系统的自振周期可控制在设计海浪周期范围，保证系统实现共振。保证了F-K力或绕射力的入射，有效的提高了入射波能俘获。实现了将往复转动转换成旋转运动，从而保证了永磁发电机的效率。C式波能装置的所有活动部件均在摆体和发电系统的密封舱内，与海水不接触，有效的提高了抗腐蚀的能力。波能装置工作与水面以下，抗击风浪能力强。
经测算，本发明主动共振C式浮力摆波浪能发电装置在实际运行时的转换效率≥57％，并且还有进一步提高与改进的潜力。
具体实施时，发电系统及筏式支座事先分别单独安装。然后在施工现场先将筏式支座固定在半潜船上，然后再安装摆体和发电系统。先对波能装置工作场地进行水下平整，然后用半潜船将装置运至工作场地，安置波能装置，利用发电装置的筏式支座作为基础，并锚定筏式基础。设计时要求整个装置的自重要远大于其浮力，提高装置的抗漂移能力。
在摆体内设置传感器监测摆的运动参数，并通过荷载识别技术实时识别波浪力的周期和幅值，为摆体自振周期和发电机摄取能量控制提供参数。
本发明主动共振C式浮力摆波浪能发电装置可有多种用途，其中三种用途分别如下：
1.为海岛及沿海区域提供电能
在波浪能资源丰富的海域或海岛布置主动共振C式浮力摆波浪能发电装置可为沿海地区和海岛提供能源供给，改善其能源结构。尤其是海岛，其周围波浪能资源丰富，并且海岛电力资源匮乏。采用阵列形式将C式波能装置布放在指定海域的海床上，通过海上电缆将电能输送至岸上并入电网或微型电网。
2.与海岸堤防联合使用，通过波能吸收实现消波有效地保护海堤
在距岸数百米的海域内，成排布置C式波浪能装置。该装置可高效吸收波能，将其转换 为电能，再通过电缆输送到岸上电网或微电网。通过主动共振C式浮力摆波能装置将海浪能量吸收后，可有效减小波能，实现消波，进而减小海浪对堤岸的冲刷，使堤防的安全等级提高。这种应用可一举两得。
3.为远海勘探、采矿和养殖及仪器提供能源
远海勘探、采矿和养殖及仪器获得能源较为困难，但其波浪能资源非常丰富，可利用主动共振C式浮力摆波浪能装置将波浪能转换为电能，为这些海上活动提供能源。由于远海处的海深较深，无法利用坐床方式安装C式波浪能装置。可将C式波浪能装置与半潜驳技术结合在一起实现深海波能利用。将C式波能装置安放在一个特制的半潜驳上，用拖船见其拖至指定海域，采用系泊系统将半潜驳泊定与指定海域处，再用电缆将波能装置生产的能源提供给相应的设施和设备。

Claims (9)

  1. 主动共振C式浮力摆波浪能发电装置，包括：俘能系统、发电系统、筏式底座，所述发电系统和俘能系统安装筏式底座上；所述俘能系统用于俘获波浪能，再转换为机械能，并通过主轴传递给发电系统进行发电；俘能系统包括摆体，所述摆体呈密闭状舱室结构，摆体的内部设置有横加强筋和竖加强筋，摆体两侧面是相互平行的垂直面，摆体两侧面之间固连有主轴，所述主轴通过轴承座安装在筏式底座上，设定：主轴轴心的两端为支铰点，摆体以该支铰点为中心旋转摆动，主轴的一端通过联轴器与发电系统的动力输入轴连接，其特征在于：
    所述发电系统包括：二个主动链轮、二根链条、换向轴、发电机主轴、增速器和永磁发电机，所述主动链轮设置为棘轮机构，主动链轮安装在动力输入轴上，其中一个主动链轮通过链条驱动发电机主轴，另一个主动链轮通过链条、换向轴和齿轮对，驱动发电机主轴，所述发电机主轴与增速器输入端连接，增速器输出端与永磁发电机输入轴连接；在波浪的驱动下，摆体带动主轴往复摆动，再通过链条和棘轮结构，将往复转动转换成单向旋转运动，并利用增速器将旋转速度提高，再带动永磁发电机发电；
    摆体两侧面之间舱室的外部是按设定形状构成的迎波面和背波面，摆体内部还设置有：可自动调节摆体质心的配重、质心调节电机、稳定导杆、质心调节丝杠；所述质心调节电机用于驱动质心调节丝杠旋转，质心调节丝杠带动配重按设定程序升降，进而实时调节摆体的回复刚度，实现振动系统的自振周期调整；
    所述摆体的主轴上设置有码盘，所述码盘用于测试摆体摆动的信号，再采用荷载识别方法，识别波浪周期及波激力，并依据识别的波浪周期实时调整摆体的自振周期，实现摆体与波的共振。
  2. 如权利要求1所述主动共振C式浮力摆波浪能发电装置，其特征在于：采用配重调节质心的公式为：
    Figure PCTCN2019127693-appb-100001
    公式中：ω为波浪圆频率，F f为浮力，y f为浮心距主轴垂向距离，M 1为摆体质量，y 1为摆体质心距主轴的垂向距离，M 2为配重质量，x 2为配重质心距主轴水平距离，y 2为配重质心距主轴垂向距离，I ω为摆体纵摇附连转动惯量，I 1为摆体绕主轴转动惯量，I 21为配重绕其质心的转动惯量，
    Figure PCTCN2019127693-appb-100002
    为配重绕主轴的转动惯量。
  3. 如权利要求1所述主动共振C式浮力摆波浪能发电装置，其特征在于：所述摆体背波面的顶部呈大圆弧状、底部呈小圆弧状；所述大圆弧和小圆弧均以主轴为圆心，大圆弧和小圆弧之间采用螺旋线、渐开线及高阶曲线过渡，过渡曲线上外法线距主轴轴心的距离最小。
  4. 如权利要求1所述主动共振C式浮力摆波浪能发电装置，其特征在于：所述摆体迎波面设置为平面，此时，迎波面曲线与背波面位于底部的小圆弧相切，与位于顶部的大圆弧相交，相交处倒圆角。
  5. 如权利要求1所述主动共振C式浮力摆波浪能发电装置，其特征在于：所述摆体迎波面或者是设置为内凹圆弧面，此时，迎波面曲线与背波面位于底部的小圆弧相切，与位于顶部的大圆弧相交，相交处倒圆角。
  6. 如权利要求1所述主动共振C式浮力摆波浪能发电装置，其特征在于：所述摆体迎波面或者是设置为与背波面相同的镜像面。
  7. 如权利要求1所述主动共振C式浮力摆波浪能发电装置，其特征在于：所述发电系统设置在摆体外部。
  8. 如权利要求1所述主动共振C式浮力摆波浪能发电装置，其特征在于：所述发电系统设置在摆体形成的舱室内部。
  9. 如权利要求1所述主动共振C式浮力摆波浪能发电装置，其特征在于：所述摆体在工作时完全浸没于水中。
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