WO2020151945A1 - Tagebau-anordnung und verfahren zum betreiben einer tagebau-anordnung - Google Patents
Tagebau-anordnung und verfahren zum betreiben einer tagebau-anordnung Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020151945A1 WO2020151945A1 PCT/EP2020/050260 EP2020050260W WO2020151945A1 WO 2020151945 A1 WO2020151945 A1 WO 2020151945A1 EP 2020050260 W EP2020050260 W EP 2020050260W WO 2020151945 A1 WO2020151945 A1 WO 2020151945A1
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- mining system
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 169
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000109 continuous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010782 bulky waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C47/00—Machines for obtaining or the removal of materials in open-pit mines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/26—Methods of surface mining; Layouts therefor
Definitions
- the invention relates to an open-cast mine arrangement with a leading and a following open-cast mine system and a method for operating such an open-cast mine arrangement.
- a surface mine arrangement and a method for operating such a surface mine arrangement are known from EP 2707547 B1. Further arrangements are described in EP 2 707 547 B1, EP 2 540 589 A2 and DE 10 2011 106 342 A1.
- the object of the invention is to provide an open-pit mine arrangement with the features of the preamble of claim 1 and a method with the features of the preamble of the independent method claim, which reduce the risk of errors during the operation of the open-pit mine arrangement.
- the mine arrangement according to the invention comprises
- the leading opencast mining system is able to mine, pick up and / or drop loose material.
- the following opencast mining system is capable of conveying bulk material from and / or to the leading opencast mining system.
- the leading open-cast mining system can be moved across the earth's surface in any direction. Relative to the leading opencast mining system, the following opencast mining system can be moved in at least one direction above the earth's surface.
- At least one component of the following opencast mining system can be moved by a first and optionally by at least one further manipulated variable.
- the first sensor and optionally at least one further sensor are each able to measure at least one variable which correlates with a position, a distance, an orientation and / or a movement of the following opencast mining system relative to the leading opencast mining system.
- the controller can control the first and optionally at least one further manipulated variable. For this control, the controller uses at least one measured value from the first and optionally a further sensor.
- the controller automatically controls the first and optionally the additional manipulated variable with the aim that the following opencast mining system follows a movement of the leading opencast mining system.
- the control objective in the control is that the following opencast mining system follows the leading opencast mining system in such a way that a continuous material flow of excavated material is achieved from the leading to the following and / or from the following to the leading opencast mining system.
- the leading opencast mining system is usually controlled by one person.
- the person controls the leading open-cast mining system in such a way that a recording device of the leading open-cast mining system follows a demolition edge and picks up or deposits mining material from this demolition edge.
- the following opencast mining system is intended to follow the leading opencast mining system in such a way that a continuous flow of material from mining material is achieved and only a small amount of mining material is lost during conveyance. Thanks to the invention, each component of the following opencast mining system follows, its position or orientation one on this material flow Influences the movements of the leading opencast mining system. The desired continuous material flow can be guaranteed.
- the following opencast mining system is mechanically coupled to the leading opencast mining system in such a way that the coupling causes the following opencast mining system to follow the leading opencast mining system.
- Such a mechanical coupling is often not possible at all or is undesirable.
- the open-cast mine arrangement comprises at least one second sensor in addition to the first sensor.
- the following opencast mining system comprises a bridging component and a guided opencast component.
- the opencast mining arrangement can convey bulk material from the leading opencast mining system to the guided opencast mining component and / or from the guided opencast mining component to the leading opencast mining system. This conveying can be carried out with the help of the bridging component, which bridges the distance between the leading opencast mining system and the guided opencast mining component.
- the leading opencast mining system, the bridging component and the guided opencast mining component are preferably not mechanically coupled to one another.
- the bridging component can be moved in at least one direction above the earth's surface.
- the first manipulated variable can move the bridging component.
- the following open-cast component can be moved in at least one direction above the earth's surface.
- the following opencast component can be changed by a second manipulated variable.
- the first sensor can measure a quantity that correlates with a position, a distance, an orientation and / or a movement of the bridging component relative to the leading open-cast mining system.
- the second sensor is able to measure a quantity that corresponds to a position, a distance, an orientation and / or a movement of the following open-cast component relative to the bridging component correlated.
- the sensor can control both manipulated variables and process measured values from both sensors.
- the sensor can control the first manipulated variable in such a way that the bridging component follows a movement of the leading open-cast mining system.
- the controller can control the second manipulated variable so that the guided open-cast component follows a movement of the bridging component.
- the aim of the regulation with these controls is again that a continuous material flow of excavated material is achieved, in this configuration from the leading open-cast mining system via the bridging component to the guided open-cast component and / or from the guided open-cast component via the bridging component leading mining system.
- the bridging component comprises a first and a second bridging device.
- the open-pit arrangement can convey mining material from the leading open-cast mining system via the first and then the second bypass device to the guided open-cast component and / or vice versa from the guided open-cast component via the second bypass device and then the first bypass device to the leading open-cast system.
- the first bridging device is movable relative to the leading open-pit mining system in at least one direction above the surface of the earth
- the second bridging device is movable relative to the first bridging device
- the guided open-cast mining component is movable relative to the second bridging device.
- the leading opencast mining system, the two bridging devices and the guided opencast mining component can be moved independently of one another and are preferably not coupled to one another.
- the controller can control at least three manipulated variables.
- the controller ensures that the first bypass device follows the movements of the leading open-cast mining system.
- the controller causes the guided open-cast component to follow the second bypass device.
- the controller causes the second bypass device to follow the movements of the first bypass device.
- the leading opencast mining system and the following opencast mining system each comprise at least one conveyor device.
- One conveying device is a delivering conveying device
- the other conveying device is a receiving conveying device which is able to pick up degradation material from the delivering conveying device. Bulky waste should fall from the dispensing to the receiving conveyor during conveying.
- the first sensor can measure a quantity that correlates with the position of the receiving conveyor relative to the delivery conveyor.
- the controller is able to control the first manipulated variable in such a way that the following open-cast mining system follows a movement of the leading open-cast mining system, specifically in such a way that the delivering conveying device is always located above the receiving conveying device. This ensures that only a small amount of debris falls next to the receiving conveyor and is lost.
- the leading opencast mining system includes, for example, a mining device, a discharge belt and / or a funnel.
- the mining device is, in particular, a driven bucket wheel of a bucket wheel excavator.
- the discharge belt belongs in particular to a settling device, which is able to throw away degradation material, in particular scrap material, or to deposit it in another way.
- the funnel belongs in particular to a mobile crushing device, which is able to pick up and crush loose material.
- the following opencast mining system includes, for example, a mobile conveyor, a mobile chute and / or a belt trolley.
- the mobile conveyor can convey bulk material and can be moved over the surface of the earth.
- the mobile conveyor is, for example, as a Band car or a band bridge designed.
- the mobile chute is able to direct pourable mining material onto a removal device, the removal device not necessarily belonging to the following opencast mining system.
- the mobile chute belongs in particular to a receiving trolley.
- the belt trolley can pick up and / or drop loose material, for example onto a conveyor of the bridging component.
- At least one component of the following opencast mining system can be moved relative to the leading opencast mining system not only in at least one direction above the earth's surface, but also in at least one direction perpendicular or obliquely to the earth's surface.
- the first or another sensor can measure a variable that changes with this movement.
- the controller can control the first or a further manipulated variable in such a way that the following open-cast mining system follows the movement of the leading open-cast mining system in such a way that the moving part of the following open-cast mining system is moved perpendicular or at an angle to the earth's surface relative to the leading open-cast mining system and thereby the continuous material flow is achieved.
- the open-cast mine arrangement comprises an intake system.
- the pick-up system comprises a pick-up device, a bridging conveyor and a removal conveyor.
- the pick-up system is in particular a bucket wheel excavator or a mobile crushing device.
- the recording device is, for example, a driven bucket wheel of the bucket wheel excavator or a hopper of the mobile crushing device. With the aid of the recording device, the recording system is able to pick up excavated material, for example to excavate it.
- the pick-up system With the help of the bridging conveyor, the pick-up system is able to transport the picked up material to the removal conveyor. With the help of the removal conveyor, the pick-up system can remove the extracted material, for example to a component of the following open-cast mine system.
- the removal conveyor can be moved relative to the bridging conveyor of the receiving system. In particular, it can be pivoted about a horizontal and / or about a vertical axis.
- the first sensor is able to measure a variable that correlates with a position, a distance, an orientation and / or a movement of the removal conveyor relative to the bridging conveyor.
- the controller is able to control the first manipulated variable in such a way that the removal conveyor follows a movement of the bridging conveyor in such a way that a continuous material flow of material to be mined from the bridging conveyor to the removal conveyor is achieved.
- the controller can use at least one measured value from the first sensor and optionally from a further sensor.
- a data processing controller controls the or any further manipulated variable which the following opencast mining system can move.
- This controller can consist of a single device or be distributed over several devices spaced apart from one another. In the case of several devices, these devices are preferably wired or wirelessly connected to one another.
- the controller can be mounted on the leading or on the following open pit system. In the case of multiple devices, the controller can be distributed over both systems.
- the controller automatically uses an analytical process model, which describes in particular the position and / or orientation of at least one moving component of the following opencast mining system relative to the leading opencast mining system. After a movement of the leading open-cast mining system, the controller automatically derives a required movement of the movable component from this process model, this required movement ensuring the continuous flow of material. The controller automatically derives the control of the first manipulated variable and optionally at least one further manipulated variable from this required movement and controls the manipulated variables accordingly. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, however, the controller is designed as a rule-based controller or includes such a rule-based controller. The rule-based controller can automatically execute a set of predefined rules that can be evaluated by computer (if-then rules).
- Each rule includes a premise and at least one conclusion.
- the premise of a rule comprises either exactly one single premise or a logical combination of several single premisses.
- Each individual premise relates to a sensor and specifies a range of possible values for this sensor. It is possible that different single premises of a rule refer to different sensors, also to sensors for different components of the open-pit arrangement. It is also possible that a single premise relates to a possible operating state of the open-cast mine arrangement. As a rule, single premises of several different rules refer to the same sensor. Depending on an actual, ie measured, value of this sensor and optionally on a current operating state, the individual premise is at least either fulfilled or not fulfilled in the control.
- the or each rule conclusion relates to a manipulated variable that can move a moving part of the following opencast mining system.
- Each rule conclusion specifies a possible control intervention on this manipulated variable.
- the controller can trigger the or each control intervention that is specified in the or a conclusion of a rule.
- the controller is designed in such a way that it triggers the or every intervention in a conclusion of a rule if the only single premise or the logical combination of the individual premisses of this rule is fulfilled.
- the configuration with the rule-based controller saves the need to set up an analytical process model that describes possible positions and orientations of the moving components of the following opencast mining system relative to the leading opencast mining system. In some cases, it is time-consuming to set up such a process model, especially if this process model is to describe all possible movements. But it is possible that the Controllers used both a set of rules and an analytical process model.
- each individual premise of a rule is either fulfilled or not fulfilled when the regulation is carried out, depending on whether the measured value of the sensor to which the individual premise relates falls within the range that is contained in the individual premise is specified or not.
- At least one individual premise of a rule specifies a so-called fuzzy set, so that this rule is a so-called fuzzy rule.
- This fuzzy set of the single premise assigns a possible degree of membership to each possible value of the sensor to which the single premise relates.
- This degree of membership can preferably be not only a maximum level of membership (sensor value belongs entirely to the specified range) or a minimum level of membership (sensor value does not belong to the specified range), but also an intermediate level of membership.
- the controller When carrying out the regulation, the controller is able to calculate a degree of membership for each individual premise, which is based on the measured value of the sensor to which the individual premise relates and on the area or the fuzzy quantity which this individual premise relates to specified, depends. Furthermore, the controller can calculate a degree of fulfillment of the premise for each premise, the degree of fulfillment depending on the degrees of affiliation of the individual premisses.
- the controller can calculate at least one control intervention for the or each manipulated variable that can move a component of the following opencast mining system.
- the or each conclusion relates to a rule io
- the design with the fuzzy amounts avoids the need to provide hard transitions between different areas of possible values of the same sensor when setting up the rules.
- the fuzzy amounts also lead to smoother transitions between the control interventions and in particular avoid that abrupt control interventions are carried out. If necessary, an abrupt control intervention is still possible, namely when a corresponding rule has been set up and is being applied.
- the controller can calculate an aggregated control intervention. This aggregate control intervention depends on the one hand on the control interventions specified in these different rules and on the other hand on the degree of fulfillment of the premises of these different rules.
- an intervention by means of an unsharp quantity is also specified.
- an executable control intervention is preferably calculated, which defines a specific value for the control variable. If the conclusions of different rules refer to the same manipulated variable and specify different unsharp quantities, the degree of fulfillment is used to calculate an aggregate unsharp quantity, and an adjustable value for the intervention is derived from this aggregated unsharp quantity.
- the rule-based controller comprises a map generator and a map evaluator.
- the map generator can calculate a map that can be evaluated by a computer, depending on the specified rules. This calculated map maps every possible one Combination of sensor values one of the following three actions that the controller can perform automatically:
- the map evaluator carries out the actual control and ensures that every moving part of the following opencast mining system follows the movements of the leading opencast mining system. For this purpose, the map evaluator evaluates the calculated map, and the controller triggers the control interventions assigned by the map.
- the map describes the mode of operation of the controller as it is determined by the specified rules. Therefore only the map evaluator and the map are required for the control.
- the specified rules or a rule evaluator are not required during the controller's runtime.
- a computer that carries out the actual control and therefore includes the map evaluator and a data memory with the map requires less computing capacity or, with the same computing capacity, less computing time to calculate the required intervention, compared to a controller that regulates the runtime evaluates and applies.
- the rule-based controller which includes the map evaluator, does not need to have read access to the rules at runtime.
- a workstation computer with which a developer sets up the rules and which includes the map generator, can be located at least temporarily away from the open-pit arrangement and is not required during operation, but can be e.g. use in the open pit arrangement during a test run.
- the calculated map remains valid until a specified rule is changed or deleted or another rule is added.
- the map generator therefore preferably recalculates the map, if a rule changes, deleted or is supplemented.
- the change, deletion or addition preferably automatically activates the map generator.
- the controller implements a higher-level control and a lower-level control, that is, it is designed as a cascaded controller. Rules are applied to the higher-level control - or the map that was generated as just described.
- the manipulated variables are controlled so that the moving components of the following open-cast mine system follow a movement of the leading open-cast mine system within a predetermined first tolerance. A deviation can still occur between an ideal position and / or movement and that actual position and / or movement that arises from the rule-based higher-level control, but is within the first tolerance.
- the subordinate regulation reduces this deviation, i.e. adjusts the or each moving part of the following opencast mining system more precisely.
- a predefined process model or another known regulation is preferably used, e.g. a PID controller.
- the subordinate control is carried out with the aim that the moving components, which are kept within the specified tolerance by the higher control, follow the movements of the leading opencast mining system with a desired accuracy, e.g. within a second tolerance, which is smaller than the first tolerance.
- Figure 1 is a side view of an open pit arrangement according to the first embodiment with a bucket wheel excavator, a belt car and a receiving carriage.
- FIG. 2 shows a top view of a variation of the first exemplary embodiment with a bucket wheel excavator, two successive belt carriages and a receiving carriage;
- FIG. 3 shows a top view of the mining arrangement with a bucket wheel excavator, a belt wagon and a receiving carriage;
- FIG. 4 shows a side view of a mobile crushing device and an open-cast mine arrangement according to the second exemplary embodiment with a belt carriage and a receiving carriage;
- FIG. 5 shows a top view of a variation of the second exemplary embodiment with a mobile crushing device, two successive belt carriages and a receiving carriage;
- FIG. 6 shows a side view of an open-cast mine arrangement according to the third exemplary embodiment with a settling device and a belt trolley;
- FIG. 7 shows a top view of a variation of the second exemplary embodiment with a setting device, two successive belt carriages and a belt loop carriage; 8 shows, by way of example, five fuzzy sets for the five linguistic variables of a variable size of the open-pit arrangement;
- the invention is used in the first embodiment to regulate an open-pit arrangement, which - a bucket wheel excavator 1,
- FIG. 1 Two configurations of the open pit arrangement are shown in Fig. 1 (side view) and in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 (top view).
- the configuration in FIG. 2 comprises two consecutive belt carriages 10.1 and 10.2, the configuration in FIG. 3 a single belt carriage 10. If the distance between the bucket wheel excavator 1 and the receiving carriage 20 is always small enough, a configuration without a belt carriage is also possible.
- the bucket wheel excavator 1 comprises
- a superstructure 8 with an optional driver's cab the superstructure 8 being rotatable about a vertical axis (hole axis) relative to the chassis 7,
- a paddle wheel arm 4 which carries the paddle wheel 2 and the receiving belt 3 and is fastened to the superstructure 8,
- the or each belt carriage 10, 10.1, 10.2 each comprises
- a running gear 15 with two parallel caterpillars a superstructure 16 which can be rotated about a vertical axis (vertical axis) relative to the belt carriage chassis 15,
- two separate conveyor belts arranged one behind the other can also be provided, each of which is supported by a cantilever arm 12, 12.1, 12.2 or 14, 14.1, 14.2.
- One cantilever arm 14, 14.1, 14.2 can then preferably be pivoted relative to the other cantilever arm 12, 12.1, 12.2. Debris falls from a conveyor belt on the receiving side through a chute onto a conveyor belt of the belt carriage 10, 10.1, 10.2 on the discharge side.
- the hopper car 20 comprises a funnel above the strap band 22 and can be moved linearly in both directions along the strap band 22 by its own drive.
- the bucket wheel excavator 1 is the pick-up system in the first embodiment.
- the paddle wheel 2 functions as a pick-up device of the first exemplary embodiment, the pick-up belt 3 and the paddle-wheel arm 4 together as a bridging conveyor of the pick-up system.
- the discharge belt 5 and the cantilever arm 6 belong to a removal conveyor of the receiving system.
- the driven paddle wheel 2 removes material from the terrace-shaped demolition edge A.
- the paddle wheel arm 4 with the paddle wheel 2 and the receiving belt 3 constantly swings back and forth while the paddle wheel 2 removes material to be mined.
- the bucket wheel excavator 1 moves forward with its undercarriage 7. If the maximum removal depth at the break-off edge A has been reached, the bucket wheel excavator 1 drives back, lowers the bucket wheel arm 4 and removes the next disc in front of the break-off edge A. Of course, it is also possible for the bucket wheel excavator 1 to remove only one disk.
- the conveyor belt 3 transports the material to be mined.
- the removed material falls from the receiving belt 3 through the chute 80 onto the discharge belt 5.
- the discharge belt 5 transports the dismantled material.
- the removed material falls from the discharge belt 5 onto the receiving chute 11 or onto the first receiving chute 11.1 and reaches the conveyor belt 13 or the first conveyor belt 13.1.
- the first conveyor belt 13.1 transports the dismantled material to the second receiving chute 11.2, and the dismantled material falls onto the second conveyor belt 13.2.
- the conveyor belt 13 or the second conveyor belt 13.2 transports the material to be mined.
- the pick-up carriage 20 acts as a funnel and directs the material to be dismantled onto the string belt 22.
- the Strossenband 22 transports the degradation.
- the bucket wheel excavator 1, the or each belt carriage 10, 10.1, 10.2 and the receiving carriage 20 can move independently of one another. There is no mechanical coupling between these components.
- the bucket wheel excavator 1 can drive back and forth.
- the bucket wheel excavator 1 can travel around a curve, for example by making two parallel ones Caterpillars of the undercarriage 7 are rotated in opposite directions and / or at different speeds, or in that the bucket wheel excavator 1 has a three-point undercarriage or a plurality of caterpillar undercarriages arranged one behind the other.
- a three-point chassis two tracks are arranged one behind the other and a third track with a lateral offset to these two tracks.
- a flaup slewing gear is able to rotate the superstructure 8 and thus the bucket wheel arm 4 with the bucket wheel 2 and the receiving belt 3 relative to the running gear 7 about a vertical axis.
- a trolley can move the paddle wheel arm 4 with the paddle wheel 2 and the receiving belt 3 up and down.
- Another swivel mechanism can also pivot the cantilever arm 6 with the discharge belt 5 relative to the chassis 7 about a vertical axis.
- Another hoist can move the boom arm 6 up and down.
- the cantilever arm 6 can be moved independently of the bucket wheel arm 4.
- An angle can therefore occur in plan view between the receiving belt 3 and the discharge belt 5, cf. 2 and 3.
- the superstructure 16 of a belt car 10, 10.1, 10.2 can be rotated about a vertical axis relative to the belt car chassis 15. During this rotation, the two extension arms 12, 12.1, 12.2 and 14, 14.1, 14.2 are also rotated.
- At least one cantilever arm 6, 12, 12.1, 12.2, 14, 14.1, 14.2 is telescopic, and an actuator can prevent its length.
- a separate drive is able to move the pick-up carriage 20 linearly in both directions along the string band 22.
- a manipulated variable is understood to mean a size of the open-cast mine arrangement which can be specifically changed by an actuator, in particular a motor, a piston-cylinder unit or another actuator, and which can move a component of the open-cast mine arrangement.
- the lengths of the arms 4, 6, 12, 14 are unchangeable.
- at least one arm is telescopic, so that its length can also be changed.
- Each belt carriage 10, 10.1, 10.2 and the receiving carriage 20 must follow the movements of the bucket wheel excavator 1 and its components. In the exemplary embodiment, this following is to take place automatically, because in normal operation a person steers and controls the bucket wheel excavator 1, but neither the or a belt car 10, 10.1, 10.2 nor the receiving carriage 20 is controlled by a person. This person can sit in the optional driver's cab of the superstructure 8 of the bucket wheel excavator 1 or control and steer the bucket wheel excavator 1 from a distance using a remote control.
- the discharge end of the receiving belt 3 must be above the receiving end of the discharge belt 5, which is ensured by the construction of the bucket wheel excavator 1.
- the angle between the discharge belt 5 and the receiving belt 3 must lie within a predetermined range.
- the angle between the discharge belt 5 and the single conveyor belt 13 or the first conveyor belt 13.1 must likewise lie within a predetermined range, and the angle between two conveyor belts of a belt carriage 10, 10.1, 10.2.
- the discharge end of the discharge belt 5 must be above the single receiving chute 11 or the first receiving chute 11.1.
- the end of the single conveyor belt 13 or the last conveyor belt 13.2 on the delivery side must be located above the receiving carriage 20.
- the bucket wheel 2, the receiving belt 3 and the bucket wheel arm 4 form the leading open-cast mining system in the first exemplary embodiment, and the components 5 to 20 form the following open-cast mining system.
- the respective leading opencast mining system is highlighted by a dashed circle with the designation FS.
- the regulation described below ensures that the following opencast mining system with components 5 to 20 follows the movements of the leading opencast mining system 2, 3, 4.
- the Strossenband 22 is driven independently of this control at a constant speed or at a speed that depends on the amount of mined material per unit of time.
- sensors register the current position and / or movement and / or direction of travel of the bucket wheel excavator 1. Further sensors measure the current position and / or the movement and / or direction of travel of the or each belt carriage 10, 10.1, 10.2 and the receiving carriage 20. Further sensors measure the respective alignment of each conveyor belt 3, 5, 13, 13.1, 13.2.
- An evaluation unit processes measured values from suitable sensors on the excavator boom arm 6, on the delivery-side boom arm 14, 14.1 and / or on the receiving chute 11, 11.1, 11.2.
- the evaluation unit recognizes the vertical distance between the delivery arm 6 and the receiving chute 11, 11.1 and the position of the receiving chute 11, 11.1 relative to the delivery arm 6. In the case of two belt carriages 10.1, 10.2, it recognizes the vertical distance between the delivery side Extension arm 14.1 and the receiving arm 12.1. With the help of further sensors, the evaluation unit detects a rotation of the excavator boom 6 relative to the receiving chute 11, 11.1.
- the evaluation unit uses further sensors on the delivery-side extension arm 14.1 to recognize the vertical distance from the receiving chute 11.2.
- the evaluation unit recognizes the kink angle between the longitudinal axis of the cantilever arm 6 and the longitudinal axis of the cantilever arm 12, 12.1 on the receiving side.
- a rotation angle sensor measures the rotation angle about a vertical axis between the superstructure 8 and the chassis 7 of the bucket wheel excavator 1.
- a further sensor measures the Angle of the cantilever arm 4 and the angle of the cantilever arm 6 relative to the chassis 8.
- a tilt sensor measures the tilt angle of the chassis 8 to the horizontal.
- Another sensor measures the angle of rotation of the conveyor belt 13, 13.1, 13.2 about a vertical axis relative to the chassis 15 of the belt carriage 10, 10.1, 10.2.
- a further sensor measures the respective angle of the cantilever arm 12, 12.1, 12.2 on the receiving side and of the cantilever arm 14, 14.1, 14.2 on the delivery side to the chassis of the belt carriage 10, 10.1, 10.2.
- An inclination sensor measures the inclination angle of the belt trolley chassis to the horizontal. Suitable sensors measure the respective driving speed and driving direction of the excavator undercarriage 7 and the or each belt car undercarriage 15.
- the person in the driver's cab of the bucket wheel excavator 1 or remotely by means of the remote control controls the actuators of the bucket wheel excavator 1 by appropriate user interventions and thereby causes the leading opencast mining system 2, 3, 4 to be pivoted and / or moved in another way and thereby follows the break-off edge A produced by the dismantling.
- the following opencast mining system 5 to 20 always follows the movements of the leading opencast mining system 2, 3, 4.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate a second exemplary embodiment in a side view (FIG. 4) and in a top view (FIG. 5).
- the same components have the same reference numerals as in the first embodiment.
- a shovel excavator dredges 40 excavated material from the excavation edge A.
- the bucket excavator 40 includes a bucket 41 mounted on a bucket arm 42. A person controls and steers this bucket excavator 40.
- the bucket excavator 40 can also be moved linearly and rotationally in one direction above the surface of the earth.
- the shovel excavator 40 transfers excavated material to a mobile crusher 43, which crushes the extracted material and is also controlled and steered by one person.
- This person can be in a cab on board the crusher 43 sit or control and steer the breaking device 43 from a distance. Thanks to a running gear 44 with at least two caterpillars, the mobile crushing device 43 can move linearly and rotationally in any direction over the surface of the earth. Transferred material falls through a funnel 45 of the crushing device 43 onto a receiving belt 46.
- a cantilever arm 47 on the receiving side carries the funnel 45 and the receiving belt 46.
- a trolley can move the receiving arm 47 up and down, and a swivel mechanism can pivot the receiving arm 47 about a vertical axis.
- the receiving belt 46 is configured as an apron feeder, and the hopper 45 can only be moved by moving the entire breaking device 43 together with the receiving arm 47 and the hopper 45 linearly and / or rotationally over the surface of the earth .
- the degraded material falls from the receiving belt 46 through a chute 81 onto a discharge belt 48 which is carried by a delivery arm 49 on the delivery side.
- the hopper 45, the receiving belt 46 and the receiving-side cantilever arm 47 of the mobile crushing device 43 belong to the leading open-cast mining system
- the discharge belt 48 and the cantilever arm 49 belong to the following open-cast mining system.
- the bucket wheel excavator 40 is moved independently of the leading open-cast mining system and is not part of the open-cast mining arrangement in the sense of the claims.
- the system boundary S is indicated in FIG. 5.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 show a third exemplary embodiment in a side view and in a top view, in which a settling device (spreader 50) debris, in particular overburden, throws down a discharge edge A.
- the settling device 50 comprises a receiving belt 51, which is held and guided by a delivery-side cantilever arm 52, a discharge belt 54, which is held and guided by a delivery-side cantilever arm 55, a chute 82 and a carriage 53.
- the setting device 50 can be moved thanks to the chassis 53 move linearly and rotationally in any direction over the earth's surface and is steered and controlled by one person. This person can sit in a cab on board the heel 50 or control and steer the heel 50 remotely.
- the Strossenband 22 conveys the material to be dismantled to a tripper car 60 with a chute 83 and a running gear 61.
- the belt loop carriage 60 can be moved linearly over the earth's surface by its own drive.
- One segment of the Strossenband 22 leads to the belt loop carriage 60, another away from the belt loop carriage 60.
- the belt loop car 60 lifts the stope belt 22 and guides it to the chute 83 and then back again.
- the debris is conveyed to the chute 83 by the raised belt conveyor 22 and falls through the chute 83 onto the receiving belt 51.
- the receiving belt 51 conveys the debris to the chute 82.
- the debris falls through the chute 82 onto the discharge belt 54.
- a person on board of the settling device 60 controls the delivery arm 55 and thus the discharge belt 54 and causes the mined material to be thrown off at the correct point.
- the discharge belt 54 and the cantilever arm 55 belong to the leading open-cast mining system and the receiving belt 51 and the cantilever arm 52 belong to the following open-cast mining system.
- a data processing controller (closed-loop controller) 30, which is installed, for example, as software on a control device of the bucket wheel excavator 1 or the mobile crushing device 40 or the settling device 50, receives signals from various sensors, evaluates these signals and controls several depending on the evaluation Control variables for a cantilever arm 6, 49, 55 and on board the or each belt carriage 10, 10.1, 10.2, the pick-up carriage 20 and the belt-loop carriage 60.
- the controller 30 controls the manipulated variables automatically with the aim that the moving components of the following opencast mining system 5 to 16, 20, 48, 49, 51, 52, 60 automatically and directly or indirectly the movements of the leading opencast mining system 2, 3, 4, 45, 46, 47, 54, 55 follows and the above-mentioned boundary conditions are observed.
- an analytical one is not necessary in the exemplary embodiment Model needed that describes the kinetics and the possible movements of the components of the mining arrangement.
- the controller 30 is implemented in the exemplary embodiment as a rule-based controller or comprises a rule-based controller.
- This controller 30 evaluates a large number of predefined rules that can be evaluated by a computer.
- Each rule of the exemplary embodiment consists of a rule premise and at least one rule conclusion.
- Each premise of a rule is a single premise or a logical combination of several single premisses.
- a logical link links several individual premises with the help of logical operators, namely the operators and, or, not.
- Each individual premise relates to a sensor and specifies a range of possible values for this sensor.
- Each rule conclusion refers to exactly one manipulated variable of the following opencast mining system 5 to 16, 20, 48, 49, 51, 52, 60 and specifies a possible control intervention on this manipulated variable.
- a rule conclusion can specify various parameters of an intervention on a manipulated variable, e.g. an amount of movement, an acceleration and / or a duration of the control intervention. If a rule includes several rule conclusions, several control interventions are specified which are to be carried out simultaneously or at least overlapping in time. A rule with several conclusions is therefore a shorthand definition for several rules with the same premise and each with a single conclusion.
- each individual premise of a rule specifies a range of the possible values of a sensor.
- the single premise can specify a subset of the possible values, and a measured sensor value either falls within this subset or lies outside of this subset. It is also possible that the single premise specifies the area as a so-called fuzzy quantity.
- a measured sensor value has a degree of belonging to this range that is either one (sensor value belongs entirely to the range) or zero (sensor value is outside the range) or a number between zero and one (sensor value belongs to the area with a degree of membership specified by the number).
- a set of so-called linguistic variables is set up for each sensor.
- a subset (crisp set) or a fuzzy set (fuzzy set) are assigned to each linguistic variable.
- a subset can be described as a special case of a fuzzy set, where for a subset each degree of membership is either the number zero or the number one, but not a number between zero and one.
- a rule conclusion can specify a specific value for an intervention or specify the intervention using an unsharp quantity.
- a value for the control intervention is of course used in the control.
- linguistic variables are given as examples.
- the examples given relate to the first embodiment.
- a number of linguistic variables are set up for different variable sizes of the opencast mining arrangement.
- Variable size 1 Direction of travel of the bucket wheel excavator 1 relative to the string band 22.
- Variable size 2 distance between the bucket wheel excavator 1 and the belt band 22.
- Variable size 3 angle between the longitudinal axis of the discharge belt 5 and the longitudinal axis of the conveyor belt 13
- Variable size 4 direction of travel of the belt car 10, 10.1, 10.2 relative to the belt conveyor 22.
- linguistic variables strongly right, right, slightly right, parallel, slightly left, left, strongly left.
- Variable size 5 distance between the belt car 10, 10.1, 10.2 and the belt belt 22.
- Variable size 6 angle between the longitudinal axis of the conveyor belt 13, 13.1,
- adjustable size 1 rotary movement of the conveyor belt 13, 13.1, 13.2
- adjustable size 2 steering movement of the belt carriage 10, 10.1, 10.2
- Rotary movement of the conveyor belt 13.2 right (is achieved by a specified control intervention or is specified by an unsharp quantity).
- Rotary movement of the conveyor belt 13.2 slightly right (is achieved by a specified control intervention or is specified by an unsharp quantity).
- variable measurable size 2 shows, by way of example, five unsharp quantities for the five linguistic variables v1 (very small) via v3 (medium) to v5 (very large) of the variable measurable size 2 (distance between the bucket wheel excavator 1 and the belt band 22).
- the distance is plotted on the x axis, the so-called degree of membership m of a possible distance to the respective unsharp set is plotted on the y axis, expressed as a number between 0 and 1 (inclusive).
- the sum of the degrees of membership is one.
- the premises and conclusions of the rules relate exclusively to one measured value at the current time. It is also possible for a single premise to relate to a time course of a measured value or to a measured value at an earlier point in time. For example, a single premise can relate to a driving speed / angular speed or a driving acceleration / angular acceleration or to a measured value that was obtained before a certain period of time. In this way it is possible for the rule-based controller 30 to implement a “memory”.
- controller 30 operates at a predetermined sampling rate. At each sampling time, the controller 30 processes the sensor values measured at this sampling time and optionally earlier measured values, for example in order to derive a change over time.
- the rule-based controller 30 evaluates the predetermined rules at runtime and applies them. This mode is particularly expedient in a test phase in which the controller 30 is tested and in which a developer changes or deletes individual rules as required or supplements other rules. The application of the rules is described below.
- controller 30 calculates a degree of fulfillment for each controller premise. For this purpose, controller 30 first calculates a degree of membership for each individual premise of the rule premise. As already mentioned, each individual premise relates to a sensor. The controller 30 calculates the degree of belonging of the value measured by this sensor to the range specified in the single premise.
- both this degree of membership and this degree of fulfillment are a number between zero and one (inclusive). If the regular Assumption consists of a single single premise, the degree of fulfillment is equal to the calculated degree of membership. Otherwise, the controller 30 calculates the degree of fulfillment depending on the calculated degrees of affiliation of the respective sensor values to the individual premises and summarizes these degrees of affiliation by a predetermined aggregation rule, which depends on the logical linkage of the rule premise.
- the controller 30 thus calculates a degree of fulfillment for each rule premise.
- Each conclusion of a rule refers to a manipulated variable and specifies an intervention on this manipulated variable. It is possible that several conclusions of different rules refer to the same manipulated variable and specify different manipulations on this manipulated variable.
- the controller 30 calculates an aggregated manipulation intervention for each manipulated variable which is to be carried out on this manipulated variable. For this purpose, controller 30 uses the rule conclusion, which relates to this manipulated variable, and the degree of fulfillment of the premises of the corresponding rules.
- the controller 30 has previously calculated these degrees of compliance, specifically as described above, depending on the measured sensor values and the individual premises.
- the aggregated manipulation is, for example, a weighted summary of the manipulations that are specified in those conclusions that relate to this manipulated variable. The satisfaction levels are used as weighting factors. It is also possible that an aggregated manipulation intervention is equal to that manipulation intervention that is specified in a rule conclusion that belongs to the rule premise with the highest degree of fulfillment.
- X1, X2, X3 and X4 variables that are measured by sensors of the sensor set, U1 and U2 manipulated variables, v1, v2, v3 and v4 are linguistic variables for variables X1 to X4, u1 and u3, two possible manipulations for the Actuating variable U1 and u2 a possible intervention for the manipulating variable U2.
- the degree of fulfillment p R1 p vi (x1) * p V2 (x2) of the premise of rule R1 is calculated (result E1).
- the degree of fulfillment p R2 max ⁇ p V3 (x1), P v2 (x2) ⁇ of the premise of rule R2 is calculated (result E2).
- the manipulated variable U1 refers to the conclusion K1.1 of rule R1 and the conclusion K2 of rule R2.
- the controller 30 comprises a map generator and a map evaluator.
- the map generator evaluates the established and tested rules and automatically generates a map that can be evaluated by a computer.
- This characteristic map assigns each possible combination of sensor values to a single control intervention, a number of control interventions at different manipulated variables or the stipulation that no control intervention is to be carried out with this combination of values.
- This map is generated and saved and remains valid as long as the rules remain unchanged.
- the map evaluator evaluates this map at runtime by the controller 30 applying the functional relationship specified in the map to the currently measured combination of sensor values.
- the controller 30 then triggers the or each assigned control intervention or triggers no control intervention if this is specified in the characteristic diagram. Only the map is required at runtime, but not the specified rules.
- a developer uses a workstation computer 31 to formulate the linguistic variables, the rules, the areas for the individual premises and the membership functions for the linguistic variables.
- the map generator 32 generates the map Kf from this information. This map Kf is stored in a data memory 34.
- the map evaluator 33 is part of the controller 30 and has read access to the data memory 34 at runtime.
- the step is automatically discovered that at least one predefined rule has been changed or deleted or an additional rule has been predefined.
- the discovery of this step triggers the process that the map generator 32 calculates a map Kf again, which is then stored in the data memory 34 and overwrites the old map Kf.
- the map evaluator 33 uses the changed map Kf. This ensures that the map Kf used always corresponds to the current rules.
- the controller 30 controls the manipulated variables of the following opencast mining system 5 to 16, 20, 48, 49, 51, 52, 60 exclusively as a function of the specified rules, specifically as just described.
- cascaded control is used.
- the controller 30 evaluates the predefined rules as just described to ensure that each moving component of the following opencast mining system 5 to 16, 20, 48, 49, 51, 52, 60 always remains in the vicinity of a required position, that is follow the movements of the leading opencast mining system 2, 3, 4, 45, 46, 47, 54, 55 to a specified tolerance. That is the overriding regulation.
- a classic position control is carried out in order to adjust the moving components of the following opencast mining system 5 to 16, 20, 48, 49, 51, 52, 60.
- This classic control is only used for relatively small control deviations, namely within the tolerance, which is why in many cases a linear process model describes the reality sufficiently precisely and the parameters of this model can be determined with relatively little effort.
- This cascaded regulation with a rule-based superordinate regulation and a subordinate regulation which is in particular a model-based or another conventional regulation, requires significantly fewer predefined rules than regulation exclusively using rules.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Operation Control Of Excavators (AREA)
- Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN202080010509.8A CN113330186A (zh) | 2019-01-23 | 2020-01-08 | 露天采矿设备和露天采矿设备的操作方法 |
BR112021014354-8A BR112021014354A2 (pt) | 2019-01-23 | 2020-01-08 | Disposição para mineração a céu aberto e método para a operação de uma disposição para mineração a céu aberto |
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DE102019200773.2 | 2019-01-23 | ||
DE102019200773.2A DE102019200773A1 (de) | 2019-01-23 | 2019-01-23 | Tagebau-Anordnung und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Tagebau-Anordnung |
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BR (1) | BR112021014354A2 (de) |
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WO (1) | WO2020151945A1 (de) |
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WO1999008947A1 (en) * | 1997-08-12 | 1999-02-25 | Bhp Coal Pty. Ltd. | Control system for overburden discharge |
WO2007057305A1 (de) * | 2005-11-15 | 2007-05-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur übergabe von schüttgut |
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EP2540589A2 (de) | 2011-07-01 | 2013-01-02 | WABCO GmbH | Verfahren und Steuereinrichtung zur Steuerung oder Regelung von Fahrzeugsystemen |
EP2707547B1 (de) | 2011-05-07 | 2015-04-08 | Abb Ag | Verfahren zur erkennung und nachführung der position einer ortsveränderlichen übergabeeinrichtung/verladeeinrichtung eines schaufelradbaggers oder eimerkettenbaggers |
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RU2571463C2 (ru) * | 2010-04-16 | 2015-12-20 | Джой ММ Делавэр Инк. | Продвижение системы сплошной открытой разработки |
CN108222941B (zh) * | 2018-03-19 | 2020-03-24 | 长沙有色冶金设计研究院有限公司 | 一种露天矿连续开采方法 |
-
2019
- 2019-01-23 DE DE102019200773.2A patent/DE102019200773A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2020
- 2020-01-08 CN CN202080010509.8A patent/CN113330186A/zh active Pending
- 2020-01-08 WO PCT/EP2020/050260 patent/WO2020151945A1/de active Application Filing
- 2020-01-08 BR BR112021014354-8A patent/BR112021014354A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
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WO1999008947A1 (en) * | 1997-08-12 | 1999-02-25 | Bhp Coal Pty. Ltd. | Control system for overburden discharge |
WO2007057305A1 (de) * | 2005-11-15 | 2007-05-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur übergabe von schüttgut |
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WO2010037215A1 (en) * | 2008-09-30 | 2010-04-08 | Suncor Energy Inc. | Method and apparatus for processing a sized ore feed |
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DE102019200773A1 (de) | 2020-07-23 |
CN113330186A (zh) | 2021-08-31 |
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