WO2020151601A1 - 一种高压电池组的预充电路和预充方法 - Google Patents

一种高压电池组的预充电路和预充方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020151601A1
WO2020151601A1 PCT/CN2020/072855 CN2020072855W WO2020151601A1 WO 2020151601 A1 WO2020151601 A1 WO 2020151601A1 CN 2020072855 W CN2020072855 W CN 2020072855W WO 2020151601 A1 WO2020151601 A1 WO 2020151601A1
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Prior art keywords
module
charging
switch module
voltage
terminal
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2020/072855
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨大春
杜宝海
傅焱辉
李前邓
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Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
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Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/60—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including safety or protection arrangements
    • H02J7/62—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including safety or protection arrangements against overcurrent
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/90—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F13/00—Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
    • G06F13/38—Information transfer, e.g. on bus
    • G06F13/40—Bus structure
    • G06F13/4063—Device-to-bus coupling
    • G06F13/4068—Electrical coupling
    • G06F13/4072—Drivers or receivers
    • G06F13/4077—Precharging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/001—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection limiting speed of change of electric quantities, e.g. soft switching on or off
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/865—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2270/00—Problem solutions or means not otherwise provided for
    • B60L2270/20—Inrush current reduction, i.e. avoiding high currents when connecting the battery

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a pre-charging circuit and a pre-charging method of a high-voltage battery pack.
  • the biggest disadvantage of new energy vehicles is that the charging speed is slow, resulting in new energy vehicles.
  • the time to charge up is much longer than the time to fill up a fuel car, which greatly wastes customers' time.
  • many companies have designed and developed a fast charging function, which greatly shortens the time to charge new energy vehicles.
  • the existing fast charging branch and discharging branch lack protection for the high-voltage switch, so sometimes the high-voltage switch cannot be controlled, which poses a great threat to the safety of the battery pack and the car.
  • the purpose of some of the embodiments of this application is to provide a pre-charging circuit and a pre-charging method for a high-voltage battery pack, so as to solve the problem of large current generated at the moment of closing due to the excessive voltage difference between the charging switch module and the main positive switch module. Therefore, the impact of high current on the life and controllability of the charging switch module and the main positive switch module is avoided.
  • An embodiment of the application provides a pre-charging circuit for a high-voltage battery pack, including: a high-voltage battery pack, a main positive switch module, a main positive pre-charge module, a charging switch module, a charging pre-charge module, a main negative switch module, and a control module;
  • the anode of the high-voltage battery pack is connected to the first end of the main positive switch module and the first end of the charging switch module, and the cathode of the high-voltage battery pack is connected to the first end of the main negative switch module;
  • the second end of the main positive switch module is connected to the The main positive connection end of the precharging circuit is connected, the second end of the charging switch module is connected to the charging connection end of the precharging circuit, and the second end of the main negative switch module is connected to the main negative connection end of the precharging circuit;
  • the main positive precharging The module is connected in parallel with the main positive switch module, and the charging pre-charge module is connected in parallel with the charging switch module;
  • the charging switch module After determining that the voltage at the first terminal of the charging switch module and the voltage at the second terminal of the charging switch module meet the first constraint relationship, the charging switch module is closed and the charging pre-charging module is disconnected; during the discharging process, the control module controls the main The positive pre-charge module is closed, the voltage of the first terminal of the main positive switch module and the voltage of the second terminal of the main positive switch module are detected, and the voltage of the first terminal of the main positive switch module and the voltage of the second terminal of the main positive switch module are determined After the second constraint relationship is met, the main positive switch module is closed, and the main positive precharge module is disconnected.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a pre-charging method of a high-voltage battery pack, which is applied to the pre-charging circuit of the high-voltage battery pack mentioned in the above embodiment, and includes the following steps: controlling the charging and pre-charging module to close during the charging process; and detecting The voltage at the first terminal of the charging switch module and the voltage at the second terminal of the charging switch module; determine whether the voltage at the first terminal of the charging switch module and the voltage at the second terminal of the charging switch module meet the first constraint relationship; if it is determined to be yes, close The charging switch module disconnects the charging pre-charge module; during the discharging process, the main positive pre-charge module is controlled to close; the voltage at the first terminal of the main positive switch module and the voltage at the second terminal of the main positive switch module are detected; the main positive switch is judged Whether the voltage at the first terminal of the module and the voltage at the second terminal of the main positive switch module meet the second constraint relationship; if it is determined to be yes, close the main positive switch module and
  • the high-voltage battery pack is pre-charged through the charging pre-charging module during the charging process, and it is determined that the voltage at the first end of the charging switch module and the voltage at the second end of the charging switch module match After the first constraint relationship, the charging switch module is closed again, reducing the difference between the voltage at the first terminal of the charging switch module and the voltage at the second terminal of the charging switch module. Since the difference between the voltage of the first terminal of the charging switch module and the voltage of the second terminal of the charging switch module is reduced, the moment when the charging switch module is closed, no excessive inrush current will be generated, and no damage to the charging switch module will be generated.
  • the life expectancy is affected, thereby avoiding the problem that the charging switch module is stuck due to frequent large inrush currents, causing the control module to be unable to control the disconnection of the charging switch module, and improving the safety of high-voltage battery packs and electric vehicles.
  • the high-voltage battery pack is precharged by the main positive precharge module, and after determining that the voltage of the first terminal of the main positive switch module and the voltage of the second terminal of the main positive switch module meet the second constraint relationship, the main The positive switch module reduces the difference between the voltage of the first terminal of the main positive switch module and the voltage of the second terminal of the main positive switch module.
  • the pre-charging circuit of the high-voltage battery pack also includes a main negative pre-charging module, and the main negative pre-charging module is connected in parallel with the main negative switch module.
  • the main negative precharging module can be used as a backup precharging module of the main positive precharging module or the charging precharging module, or it can cooperate with the main positive precharging module or the charging precharging module to realize hierarchical precharging.
  • the charging pre-charging module includes a charging pre-charging switch and a first resistor network, the charging pre-charging switch and the first resistor network are connected in series;
  • the main positive pre-charging module includes a main positive pre-charging switch and a second resistor network, the main positive pre-charging switch It is connected in series with the second resistor network.
  • the main negative precharge module includes a main negative precharge switch and a third resistor network, and the main negative precharge switch and the third resistor network are connected in series.
  • the pre-charging circuit of the high-voltage battery pack further includes a first current detection module; the second end of the charging switch module is connected to the charging connection terminal through the first current detection module, and the first current detection module is connected to the control module; the control module is determining When the current value detected by the first current detection module exceeds the first threshold, an overcurrent fault is reported.
  • the overcurrent problem during charging can be discovered and reported in time.
  • the pre-charging circuit of the high-voltage battery pack also includes a second current detection module; the second end of the main positive switch module is connected to the main positive connection terminal through the second current detection module, and the second current detection module is connected to the control module; the control module When it is determined that the current value detected by the second current detection module exceeds the second threshold, an overcurrent fault is reported.
  • the overcurrent problem during the discharge process can be discovered and reported in time.
  • the pre-charging circuit of the high-voltage battery pack also includes a third current detection module; the second end of the main negative switch module is connected to the main negative connection terminal through the third current detection module; the third current detection module is connected to the control module; In the process, when the control module determines that the current value detected by the third current detection module exceeds the first threshold, it reports an overcurrent fault; during the discharge process, the control module determines that the current value detected by the third current detection module exceeds the second threshold. When the threshold is reached, an overcurrent fault is reported.
  • the pre-charging circuit of the high-voltage battery pack also includes a charging module and a discharging module; the first end of the charging module is connected to the charging connection end, the second end of the charging module is connected to the main negative connection end, and the first end of the discharging module is connected to the main negative connection end.
  • the positive connection terminal is connected, and the second terminal of the discharge module is connected to the main negative connection terminal.
  • the discharging module includes N load sub-modules
  • the pre-charging circuit of the high-voltage battery pack also includes N fourth current detection modules
  • the N load sub-modules correspond to the N fourth current detection modules one-to-one; wherein, each load The first end of the sub-module is connected to the second end of the corresponding fourth current detection module through the load switch, the first end of the fourth current detection module is all connected to the main positive connection end, and the second end of each load sub-module is Connected to the main negative terminal; each fourth current detection module is respectively connected to the control module; during the discharge process, the control module reports an overcurrent fault when it determines that the current value detected by the fourth current detection module exceeds the third threshold; N is a positive integer.
  • the overcurrent problem of each discharge branch can be discovered and reported in time.
  • the precharging method before controlling the charging and precharging module to close, or before controlling the main positive precharging module to close, the precharging method further includes: closing the main negative switch module.
  • the pre-charging circuit of the high-voltage battery pack also includes a main negative pre-charging module, the main negative pre-charging module is connected in parallel with the main negative switch module; during the charging process, the voltage at the first end of the charging switch module and the voltage of the charging switch module are detected Before the voltage of the second terminal, the precharging method further includes: controlling the main negative precharging module to close; detecting the voltage of the first terminal of the main negative switch module and the voltage of the second terminal of the main negative switch module; judging the first terminal of the main negative switch module Whether the voltage at the second end of the main negative switch module and the voltage at the second end of the main negative switch module meet the third constraint relationship; if it is determined so, close the main negative switch module and disconnect the main negative precharge module; in the discharge process, check the main positive switch module Before the voltage of the first terminal and the voltage of the second terminal of the main positive switch module, the precharging method further includes: controlling the main negative precharging module to close; detecting the voltage of the first terminal
  • the pre-charging circuit of the high-voltage battery pack also includes a main negative pre-charging module, the main negative pre-charging module is connected in parallel with the main negative switch module; during the charging process, the voltage at the first end of the charging switch module and the voltage of the charging switch module are detected Before the voltage at the second terminal, the pre-charging method further includes: controlling the main negative pre-charging module to close; after closing the charging switch module and disconnecting the charging pre-charging module, the pre-charging method further includes: detecting the first terminal of the main negative switch module The voltage and the voltage of the second terminal of the main negative switch module; determine whether the voltage of the first terminal of the main negative switch module and the voltage of the second terminal of the main negative switch module meet the third constraint relationship; if it is determined so, close the main negative switch module, Disconnect the main negative precharge module; in the discharge process, before detecting the voltage of the first terminal of the main positive switch module and the voltage of the second terminal of the main positive switch module, the precharge method further includes: controlling
  • the precharging method before controlling the charging and precharging module to close, or controlling the main positive precharging module to close, the precharging method further includes: determining whether the insulation resistance of the high-voltage battery pack meets preset requirements, and determining whether the high-voltage battery pack is When the insulation resistance meets the preset requirement, the charging and precharging module is controlled to close or the main positive precharging module is controlled to close.
  • the control module performs charging or discharging after the insulation resistance of the high-voltage battery pack meets the preset requirements, which improves safety.
  • the pre-charging circuit of the high-voltage battery pack further includes a first current detection module; the second end of the charging switch module is connected to the charging connection terminal through the first current detection module, and the first current detection module is connected to the control module; during the charging process After closing the charging switch module and disconnecting the charging pre-charging module, the pre-charging method further includes: reporting an over-current fault when it is determined that the current value detected by the first current detecting module exceeds the first threshold.
  • the pre-charging circuit of the high-voltage battery pack also includes a second current detection module; the second terminal of the main positive switch module is connected to the main positive connection terminal through the second current detection module, and the second current detection module is connected to the control module; In the process, after the main positive switch module is closed and the main positive precharge module is disconnected, the precharge method further includes: reporting an overcurrent fault when it is determined that the current value detected by the second current detection module exceeds a second threshold.
  • the pre-charging circuit of the high-voltage battery pack also includes a third current detection module, the second end of the main negative switch module is connected to the main negative connection terminal through the third current detection module; the third current detection module is connected to the control module;
  • the pre-charging method further includes: reporting an over-current fault when it is determined that the current value detected by the third current detecting module exceeds the first threshold; during the discharging process After the main positive switch module is closed and the main positive precharge module is disconnected, the precharge method further includes: when it is determined that the current value detected by the third current detection module exceeds the second threshold, reporting an overcurrent fault.
  • the pre-charging circuit of the high-voltage battery pack also includes a discharge module and N fourth current detection modules, the discharge module includes N load sub-modules, and the N load sub-modules correspond to the N fourth current detection modules one-to-one; each The first end of the load submodule is connected to the second end of the corresponding fourth current detection module through the load switch, the first end of the fourth current detection module is connected to the main positive connection end, and the second end of each load submodule Are connected to the main negative terminal; each fourth current detection module is respectively connected to the control module; in the discharge process, after closing the main positive switch module and disconnecting the main positive precharge module, the precharge method also includes: When the current value detected by the fourth current detection module exceeds the third threshold, an overcurrent fault is reported.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a pre-charging circuit of a high-voltage battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a pre-charging circuit of a high-voltage battery pack in a specific implementation of an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a pre-charging circuit of a high-voltage battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a pre-charging circuit of another high-voltage battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of another pre-charging circuit of a high-voltage battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a pre-charging circuit of a high-voltage battery pack according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of a pre-charging circuit of a high-voltage battery pack according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a simulation diagram of a pre-charging circuit of a high-voltage battery pack using hierarchical pre-charging according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a simulation diagram of a pre-charging circuit of a high-voltage battery pack that does not use hierarchical pre-charging according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram of simulation results of two charging circuits according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a flowchart of a pre-charging method in a charging process according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a flowchart of a precharging method in a discharge process according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the overall strategy of the precharging method according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is a flowchart of a pre-charging method in a charging process according to still another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 15 is a flowchart of a precharging method in a discharge process according to still another embodiment of the present application.
  • connection and “connection” mentioned in this application include direct and indirect connection (connection) unless otherwise specified.
  • the first embodiment of the present application relates to a pre-charging circuit of a high-voltage battery pack, as shown in FIG. 1, including: a high-voltage battery pack 101, a main positive switch module 102, a main positive pre-charge module 103, a charge switch module 104, and a pre-charge The charging module 105, the main negative switch module 106 and the control module 107.
  • the positive electrode of the high-voltage battery pack 101 is connected to the first end of the main positive switch module 102 and the first end of the charging switch module 104, and the negative electrode of the high-voltage battery pack 101 is connected to the first end of the main negative switch module 106; the main positive switch module
  • the second terminal of 102 is connected to the main positive connection terminal 122 of the pre-charging circuit
  • the second terminal of the charging switch module 104 is connected to the charging connection terminal 121 of the pre-charging circuit
  • the second terminal of the main negative switch module 106 is connected to the pre-charging circuit
  • the main negative connection terminal 123 is connected;
  • the main positive precharge module 103 is connected in parallel with the main positive switch module 102, and the charging precharge module 105 is connected in parallel with the charging switch module 104; during the charging process, the control module 107 controls the charging precharge module 105 to close and detect
  • the voltage of the first terminal of the charging switch module 104 and the voltage of the second terminal of the charging switch module 104 are determined
  • the control module 107 controls the main positive precharge module 103 to close, detects the voltage of the first terminal of the main positive switch module 102 and the voltage of the second terminal of the main positive switch module 102, and determines the first terminal of the main positive switch module 102. After the voltage at one end and the voltage at the second end of the main positive switch module 102 meet the second constraint relationship, the main positive switch module 102 is closed, and the main positive precharge module 103 is disconnected.
  • the pre-charging path of the high-voltage battery pack is shown in Figure 2.
  • the pre-charging path of the high-voltage battery pack also includes a charging module 108 and a discharging module 109; the first end of the charging module 108 is connected to the charging connection terminal 121 for charging The second end of the module 108 is connected to the main negative connection terminal 123, the first end of the discharge module 109 is connected to the main positive connection terminal 122, and the second end of the discharge module 109 is connected to the main negative connection terminal 123.
  • the voltage at the first end of the main positive switch module 102, the voltage at the second end of the main positive switch module 102, the voltage at the first end of the charging switch module 104, and the voltage at the second end of the charging switch module 104 are detected. At this time, take the first end of the main negative switch module 106 as the reference ground.
  • the charging and precharging module 105 includes a charging and precharging switch and a first resistor network, and the charging and precharging switch and the first resistor network are connected in series.
  • the main positive precharging module 103 includes a main positive precharging switch and a second resistor network, and the main positive precharging switch and the second resistor network are connected in series.
  • the first resistor network may be a first resistor
  • the second resistor network may be a second resistor.
  • the precharging time of the capacitive devices at both ends of the charging module can be changed.
  • the resistance value of the first resistor is increased, the current of the branch where the charging and precharging module 105 is located will be reduced, and the precharging time of the capacitive devices at both ends of the charging module will be increased.
  • the resistance of the first resistor is reduced, the current of the branch where the charging and precharging module 105 is located will be increased, and the precharging time of the capacitive devices at both ends of the charging module will be shortened.
  • the precharge time of the capacitive devices at both ends of the discharge module can be changed.
  • the resistance value of the second resistor is increased, the current of the branch where the main positive precharge module 103 is located will be reduced, and the precharge time of the capacitive devices at both ends of the discharge module will be increased.
  • the resistance of the second resistor is reduced, the current of the branch where the main positive precharge module 103 is located will be increased, and the precharge time of the capacitive devices at both ends of the discharge module will be shortened.
  • the capacitive devices at both ends of the charging module may be capacitors connected between the first end of the charging module and the second end of the charging module
  • the capacitive devices at both ends of the discharging module may be The capacitor connected between the first end of the discharge module and the second end of the discharge module.
  • the high-voltage battery pack precharges the capacitive devices at both ends of the discharging module through the main positive precharge module, which reduces the voltage of the first terminal of the main positive switch module and the voltage of the second terminal of the main positive switch module. The difference is such that the moment when the main positive switch module is closed does not generate excessive inrush current, which avoids the influence of excessive inrush current on the life and stability of the main positive switch module.
  • the high-voltage battery pack pre-charges the capacitive devices at both ends of the charging module through the charging pre-charge module, reducing the difference between the voltage at the first terminal of the charging switch module and the voltage at the second terminal of the charging switch module. Therefore, no excessive inrush current is generated when the charging switch module is closed, and the influence of excessive inrush current on the life and stability of the charging switch module is avoided.
  • the first constraint relationship may be that the voltage at the second terminal of the charging switch module 104 is not less than k times the voltage at the first terminal of the charging switch module 104, and k is a positive number less than 1.
  • the second constraint relationship may be that the voltage of the second terminal of the main positive switch module 102 is not less than t times the voltage of the first terminal of the main positive switch module 102, and t is a positive number less than 1.
  • the values of k and t may be the same or different, and the specific values may be set according to the specific structure of the pre-charging circuit of the high-voltage battery pack, the parameters of each device, and the like.
  • control logic of the pre-charging circuit of the high-voltage battery pack will be described with an example in conjunction with the specific circuit diagram of the pre-charging circuit of the high-voltage battery pack.
  • the circuit diagram of the pre-charging circuit of the high-voltage battery pack is shown in FIG. 3.
  • V represents the high voltage battery pack
  • S1 represents the charge precharge switch
  • S2 represents the charge switch module
  • S3 represents the main positive precharge switch
  • S4 represents the main positive switch module
  • S5 represents the main negative switch module
  • R1 represents the first resistor network
  • R2 represents the second resistor network.
  • U1 is the voltage of the first terminal of the main positive switch module and the voltage of the first terminal of the charging switch module
  • U2 is the voltage of the second terminal of the main positive switch module
  • U3 is the voltage of the second terminal of the charging switch module.
  • the charging module may be a fast charging socket
  • the discharging module may be an electric device of a car, such as a motor, an air conditioner, and an inverter.
  • the first constraint relationship is that the voltage at the second terminal of the charging switch module is equal to 0.8 times the voltage at the first terminal of the charging switch module
  • the second constraint relationship is that the voltage at the first terminal of the main positive switch module is equal to the main positive switch. 0.8 times the voltage at the second end of the module.
  • the control module closes S1 and S5, and the high-voltage battery pack charges the capacitive devices at both ends of the charging module.
  • the control module performs voltage sampling on U1 and U3.
  • the control module closes S2 and disconnects S1, and the charging module charges the high-voltage battery pack.
  • the control module closes S3 and S5, and the high-voltage battery pack charges the capacitive devices at both ends of the discharge module, for example, the X capacitors at both ends of the discharge module.
  • the control module performs voltage sampling on U1 and U2.
  • U1 and U2 meet the second constraint relationship
  • the control module closes S4 and disconnects S3, and the high-voltage battery pack is discharged through the discharge module.
  • pre-charging circuit of the high-voltage battery pack may also be in other circuit forms.
  • the pre-charging circuit of a high-voltage battery pack includes a high-voltage battery pack, a charging switch module, a main positive switch module, a main negative switch module, and a main negative pre-charge module.
  • the positive pole of the high-voltage battery pack is connected to the first end of the main positive switch module and The first end of the charging switch module is connected, the negative electrode of the high-voltage battery pack is connected to the first end of the main negative switch module; the second end of the main positive switch module is connected to the first end of the discharging module, and the second end of the charging switch module is connected to the The first end of the charging module is connected, and the second end of the charging module and the second end of the discharging module are respectively connected to the second end of the main negative switch module.
  • the main negative precharge module is connected in parallel with the main negative switch module, and includes a main negative precharge switch and a third resistor network.
  • the circuit diagram is shown in Figure 4.
  • V represents the high-voltage battery pack
  • S2 represents the charging switch module
  • S4 represents the main positive switch module
  • S5 represents the main negative switch module
  • S6 represents the main negative precharge switch
  • R3 represents the third Resistance network.
  • the control module first controls S6 to close. After the voltage at the second end of the main negative switch module is equal to 0.8 times the voltage at the first end of the main negative switch module, S5 is closed and S6 is opened.
  • control module determines whether the insulation resistance of the high-voltage battery pack meets preset requirements before controlling the main positive pre-charging module to close, or before controlling the charging and pre-charging module to close, and determines whether the high-voltage battery pack If the insulation resistance value of the device meets the preset requirements, control the charging and precharging module to close or control the main positive precharging module to close. That is, in this implementation, it is determined whether the insulation resistance of the high-voltage battery pack is within a safe range, so as to ensure the safety of the pre-charging circuit of the high-voltage battery pack. Among them, the safety range of the insulation resistance can be set according to specific needs.
  • the pre-charging circuit of the high-voltage battery pack further includes a first current detection module 111; the second terminal of the charging switch module is connected to the charging connection terminal 121 through the first current detection module 111, and the first current detection module 111 is connected to the control Module 107 is connected; when the control module 107 determines that the current value detected by the first current detection module 111 exceeds the first threshold, it reports an overcurrent fault.
  • the pre-charging circuit of the high-voltage battery pack further includes a second current detection module 112.
  • the second terminal of the main positive switch module is connected to the main positive connection terminal 122 through the second current detection module 112.
  • the second current detection module 112 Connected to the control module 107; the control module 107 reports an overcurrent fault when it determines that the current value detected by the second current detection module 112 exceeds the second threshold.
  • the pre-charging circuit of the high-voltage battery pack further includes a third current detection module 113; the second end of the main negative switch module is connected to the main negative connection terminal 123 through the third current detection module 113; the third current detection module 113 Connected to the control module 107; during the charging process, the control module 107 reports an over-current fault when it determines that the current value detected by the third current detection module 113 exceeds the first threshold; during the discharging process, the control module 107 is determining the third When the current value detected by the current detection module 113 exceeds the second threshold, an overcurrent fault is reported.
  • the discharging module includes N load sub-modules 1091
  • the pre-charging path of the high-voltage battery pack also includes N fourth current detection modules 114
  • N load sub-modules 1091 and N fourth The current detection module 114 corresponds to one to one.
  • each load sub-module 1091 is connected to the second end of the corresponding fourth current detection module 114 through the load switch S7, and the first end of the fourth current detection module 114 is all connected to the main positive connection terminal 122,
  • the second end of each load sub-module 1091 is connected to the main negative connection terminal 123;
  • each fourth current detection module 114 is connected to the control module 107 (not shown); the control module 107 determines the first When the current value detected by the four-current detection module 114 exceeds the third threshold, an over-current fault is reported; N is a positive integer.
  • control module can detect over-current faults to prevent over-current faults from affecting the high-voltage battery pack.
  • first threshold, the second threshold, and the third threshold can be determined according to the operating current, maximum current value, or other parameters of each device in the precharging circuit of the high-voltage battery pack.
  • the specific values of the first threshold, the second threshold, and the third threshold are not limited.
  • control module can selectively execute strategies such as disconnecting the corresponding switch and reducing power.
  • control module can report the over-current fault in time when the current flowing through the main positive switch module, the charging switch module, the main negative switch module and the branch where any one of the load switches is located is too large.
  • the control module can take countermeasures in time to prevent excessive current from damaging the high-voltage battery pack and the switch module in the circuit.
  • first current detection module the second current detection module, the third current detection module, and the fourth current detection module may be current sensors or other circuits capable of detecting current. This embodiment does not limit the first current detection module. Types of current detection module, second current detection module, third current detection module and fourth current detection module.
  • the charging switch module and the main positive switch module are separately equipped with current detection modules, when charging and discharging are present, the currents of the charging branch and the discharging branch can be checked in both directions to obtain the actual The current charged into the high-voltage battery pack.
  • modules involved in this embodiment are all logical modules.
  • a logical unit can be a physical unit, a part of a physical unit, or multiple physical units. The combination of units is realized.
  • this embodiment does not introduce units that are not closely related to solving the technical problems proposed by the present application, but this does not indicate that there are no other units in this embodiment.
  • the high-voltage battery pack pre-charges the capacitive components of the charging module through the charging pre-charging module, and determining the charging switch module After the voltage at the first terminal of the charging switch module and the voltage at the second terminal of the charging switch module meet the first constraint relationship, the charging switch module is closed, reducing the voltage at the first terminal of the charging switch module and the voltage at the second terminal of the charging switch module. The difference between.
  • the high-voltage battery pack precharges the capacitive devices of the discharge module through the main positive precharge module, and determines that the voltage of the first terminal of the main positive switch module and the voltage of the second terminal of the main positive switch module meet the second After the constraint relationship, the main positive switch module is closed again, which reduces the difference between the voltage at the first terminal of the main positive switch module and the voltage at the second terminal of the main positive switch module.
  • Another embodiment of the present application relates to a pre-charging circuit of a high-voltage battery pack.
  • This embodiment is further improved on the basis of the description with reference to Figs. 1-5.
  • the specific improvement is: the main negative switch module is added
  • the main negative precharging module, the main negative precharging module can be used as a backup precharging module, and can also be used to achieve hierarchical precharging of the precharging circuit of the high-voltage battery pack.
  • the precharging circuit of the high-voltage battery pack further includes a main negative precharging module 110, and the main negative precharging module 110 is connected in parallel with the main negative switch module 106.
  • the main negative precharge module 110 serves as a backup precharge module.
  • the main positive precharging module 103 or the charging precharging module 105 fails, the precharging path of the high-voltage battery pack is precharged through the main negative precharging module 110.
  • the main negative pre-charge module is set for the pre-charge circuit of the high-voltage battery pack, so that when the main positive pre-charge module or the charge preset module fails, the pre-charge effect can be achieved through the main negative pre-charge module , Improve the reliability of the pre-charging circuit of the high-voltage battery pack.
  • the main negative pre-charging module 110 cooperates with the main positive pre-charging module 103 and the charging pre-charging module 105 respectively to realize grading pre-charging in the discharging process and grading pre-charging in the charging process.
  • the main negative precharging module includes a main negative precharging switch and a third resistor network.
  • the main negative precharging switch and the third resistor network are connected in series.
  • the circuit diagram of the precharging circuit of the high-voltage battery pack is shown in FIG. 7. Among them, V represents the high voltage battery pack, S1 represents the charge precharge switch, R1 represents the first resistor network, S2 represents the charge switch module, S3 represents the main positive precharge switch, R2 represents the second resistor network, and S4 represents the main positive switch module. S5 represents the main negative switch module, S6 represents the main negative precharge switch, and R3 represents the third resistor network.
  • U1 is the voltage of the first terminal of the charging switch module and the voltage of the first terminal of the main positive switch module
  • U2 is the voltage of the second terminal of the main positive switch module
  • U3 is the voltage of the second terminal of the charging switch module
  • U4 is the main negative switch
  • the voltage at the first terminal of the module, U5, is the voltage at the second terminal of the main negative switch module.
  • Fig. 10 Since the pre-charging is mainly to pre-charge the capacitive devices at both ends of the charging module, in Figures 8 and 9, X represents the capacitive devices at both ends of the charging module, V represents the high-voltage battery pack, S1 represents the charging pre-charge switch, and R1 Represents the first resistor network, S2 represents the charging switch module, S5 represents the main negative switch module, S6 represents the main negative precharge switch, and R3 represents the second resistor network.
  • the abscissa (t) represents the charging time
  • the ordinate (U) represents the voltage across the X capacitor.
  • Curve 1 is the simulation result curve with hierarchical precharge
  • curve 2 is the simulation result curve without hierarchical precharge. It can be seen from Fig. 10 that the pre-charging time of the charging circuit that uses hierarchical pre-charge is shorter than that of the charging circuit that does not use hierarchical pre-charge.
  • the third constraint relationship may be that the voltage of the first terminal U4 of the main negative switch module is not less than p times the voltage of the second terminal U5 of the main negative switch module, and p is less than 1.
  • the specific value of p can be set according to the specific structure of the pre-charging circuit of the high-voltage battery pack and the parameters of each device.
  • the above-mentioned precharging circuit of the high-voltage battery pack realizes the grading precharging method for illustration only, and in actual applications, other methods can also be used to realize the grading precharging.
  • This embodiment does not limit the specific process of realizing hierarchical precharge.
  • the voltage at the first end of the main positive switch module 102, the voltage at the second end of the main positive switch module 102, the voltage at the first end of the charging switch module 104, and the voltage at the second end of the charging switch module 104 are detected.
  • the first terminal of the main negative switch module 106 is used as the reference ground
  • the first terminal of the main positive switch module 102 The voltage at one end is the reference ground.
  • modules involved in this embodiment are all logical modules.
  • a logical unit can be a physical unit, a part of a physical unit, or multiple physical units. The combination of units is realized.
  • this embodiment does not introduce units that are not closely related to solving the technical problems proposed by the present application, but this does not indicate that there are no other units in this embodiment.
  • the pre-charging circuit of the high-voltage battery pack provided in this embodiment has the main negative pre-charging module connected in parallel at both ends of the main negative switch module, so that the main negative pre-charging module can be used as a backup pre-charging module. Can be used to achieve hierarchical pre-charge.
  • the main negative pre-charge module is used as the backup pre-charge module, when the main positive pre-charge module or the charge preset module fails, the pre-charge effect can be achieved through the main negative pre-charge module, which improves the pre-charge circuit of the high-voltage battery pack. reliability.
  • the main negative pre-charging module cooperates with the main positive pre-charging module and the charging pre-charging module respectively, pre-charging in stages is realized and the pre-charging time is shortened.
  • Another embodiment of the present application relates to a method for precharging a high-voltage battery pack, which is applied to the pre-charging circuit of the high-voltage battery pack mentioned in the foregoing embodiment.
  • Step 201 Control the charging and precharging module to close.
  • control module first closes the main negative switch module, and then controls the charging and precharging module to close. Or, the control module simultaneously closes the main negative switch module and the charging and precharging module. Alternatively, the control module first closes the charging and precharging module, and then closes the main negative switch module.
  • Step 202 Detect the voltage of the first terminal of the charging switch module and the voltage of the second terminal of the charging switch module.
  • Step 203 Determine whether the voltage of the first terminal of the charging switch module and the voltage of the second terminal of the charging switch module meet the first constraint relationship.
  • control module executes step 204; otherwise, returns to execute step 202.
  • Step 204 Close the charging switch module and disconnect the pre-charging module.
  • the pre-charging circuit of the high-voltage battery pack further includes a charging module, the first terminal of the charging module is connected to the charging connection terminal 121, and the main negative connection terminal is connected to the second terminal of the charging module.
  • the charging pre-charging module When the charging pre-charging module is closed, the high-voltage battery pack precharges the capacitive devices at both ends of the charging module. After the charging switch module is closed, the charging module charges the high-voltage battery pack.
  • the pre-charging circuit of the high-voltage battery pack further includes a first current detection module, the second end of the charging switch module is connected to the charging connection terminal through the first current detection module, and the first current detection module is connected to the control module.
  • the control module closes the charging switch module and disconnects the charging pre-charging module
  • the first current detection module monitors the current of the branch where the charging switch module is located. When determining that the current value detected by the first current detection module exceeds the first threshold, the control module reports an overcurrent fault.
  • control module after reporting the over-current fault, the control module reduces the current of the branch where the charging switch module is located by disconnecting the charging switch module or the main negative switch module, reducing power, and other strategies.
  • Step 301 Control the main positive pre-charge module to close.
  • control module first closes the main negative switch module, and then controls the main positive precharge module to close. Or, the control module simultaneously closes the main negative switch module and the main positive precharge module. Or, the control module first closes the main positive precharge module, and then closes the main negative switch module.
  • Step 302 Detect the voltage of the first terminal of the main positive switch module and the voltage of the second terminal of the main positive switch module.
  • Step 303 Determine whether the voltage of the first terminal of the main positive switch module and the voltage of the second terminal of the main positive switch module meet the second constraint relationship.
  • control module executes step 304; otherwise, returns to execute step 302.
  • Step 304 Close the main positive switch module and disconnect the main positive precharge module.
  • the pre-charging circuit of the high-voltage battery pack further includes a discharging module, the main positive connecting end is connected to the first end of the discharging module, and the main negative connecting end is connected to the second end of the discharging module.
  • the main positive pre-charge module When the main positive pre-charge module is closed, the high-voltage battery pack precharges the capacitive devices at both ends of the discharge module. After the main positive switch module is closed, the high-voltage battery pack discharges to the discharge module.
  • the pre-charging circuit of the high-voltage battery pack further includes a second current detection module, the second end of the main positive switch module is connected to the main positive connection terminal through the second current detection module, and the second current detection module is connected to the control module .
  • the control module closes the main positive switch module and disconnects the main positive precharge module
  • the second current detection module monitors the current of the branch where the main positive switch module is located. When the control module determines that the current value detected by the second current detection module exceeds the second threshold, it reports an overcurrent fault.
  • the pre-charging circuit of the high-voltage battery pack further includes a third current detection module, the second end of the main negative switch module is connected to the main negative connection terminal through the third current detection module; the third current detection module is connected to the control module .
  • the control module closes the charging switch module and disconnects the charging pre-charging module, when it is determined that the current value detected by the third current detection module exceeds the first threshold, it reports an over-current fault; in the discharge process, After the main positive switch module is closed and the main positive precharge module is disconnected, the precharge method further includes: when it is determined that the current value detected by the third current detection module exceeds the second threshold, reporting an overcurrent fault.
  • control module after reporting the overcurrent fault, the control module reduces the current of the branch where the main positive switch module is located by disconnecting the main positive switch module or the main negative switch module, reducing power, and other strategies.
  • the discharging module includes N load sub-modules
  • the pre-charging path of the high-voltage battery pack also includes N fourth current detection modules
  • the N load sub-modules correspond to the N fourth current detection modules one to one
  • each The first end of the load submodule is connected to the second end of the corresponding fourth current detection module through the load switch, the first end of the fourth current detection module is connected to the main positive connection end, and the second end of each load submodule Are connected to the main negative terminal
  • each fourth current detection module is respectively connected to the control module; after the control module closes the main positive switch module and disconnects the main positive precharge module, the fourth current detection module performs The branch where it is located is monitored, and when it is determined that the current value detected by the fourth current detection module exceeds the third threshold, an overcurrent fault is reported.
  • the number of current detection modules can be determined according to the number of switches in the precharge circuit of the high-voltage battery pack.
  • a current can be set in the branch where each switch is located.
  • a current detection module can also be set in the branch where a part of the switch is located. This embodiment does not limit the number and setting position of the current detection module.
  • control module determines that the insulation resistance of the high-voltage battery pack meets the preset requirements before controlling the charging and precharging module to close.
  • Figure 13 a schematic diagram of the overall strategy of the precharging method of the high-voltage battery pack is shown in Figure 13, including the following steps:
  • Step 3011 Perform insulation testing of the high-voltage battery pack.
  • Step 3012 Determine whether the insulation resistance meets the preset requirements.
  • step 3013 is executed, and if the preset requirement is not met, step 3014 is executed.
  • the preset requirements can be set as needed.
  • the preset requirement is that the insulation resistance value is greater than the fifth preset value.
  • Step 3013 Enter the charging process or the discharging process.
  • step 201 to step 204 are executed. If the current is a discharge process, after the insulation resistance meets the preset requirements, step 301 to step 304 are executed.
  • Step 3014 Report the insulation fault.
  • the insulation resistance of the high-voltage battery pack does not meet the preset requirements, it indicates that the insulation part of the high-voltage battery pack may have a fault, and the insulation fault needs to be reported.
  • this embodiment is a method embodiment corresponding to the embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 1-5, and this embodiment can be implemented in cooperation with the embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 1-5.
  • the related technical details mentioned in the embodiments described with reference to FIGS. 1-5 are still valid in this embodiment. In order to reduce repetition, details are not repeated here. Correspondingly, the related technical details mentioned in this embodiment can also be applied to the embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 1-5.
  • Another embodiment of the present application relates to a method for precharging a high-voltage battery pack.
  • This embodiment is a further improvement of the embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 11-13.
  • the specific improvement is: by controlling the charging switch module, charging precharge The closing sequence and opening sequence of the charging module, the main negative switch module and the main negative precharge module realize the hierarchical precharge during the charging process.
  • the closing sequence and the opening sequence of the pre-charged module realize the hierarchical pre-charge during the discharge process.
  • the precharging method of the high-voltage battery pack of this embodiment includes steps 401 to 408, wherein steps 401, 406 to step 408 are described with reference to FIGS. 11-13, respectively.
  • Steps 201 to 204 of the embodiment are roughly the same, and will not be repeated here. The differences are mainly introduced below:
  • Step 401 Control the charging and precharging module to close.
  • Step 402 Control the main negative precharge module to close.
  • step 401 is taken as the previous step of step 402. In practical applications, step 402 and step 401 can be performed at the same time, or step 401 can be performed first. Step 402: Step 401 is executed later. This embodiment does not limit the sequence of execution of step 401 and step 402.
  • Step 403 Detect the voltage of the first terminal of the main negative switch module and the voltage of the second terminal of the main negative switch module.
  • Step 404 Determine whether the voltage of the first terminal of the main negative switch module and the voltage of the second terminal of the main negative switch module meet the third constraint relationship.
  • control module executes step 405; otherwise, returns to step 403.
  • Step 405 Close the main negative switch module and disconnect the main negative precharge module.
  • Step 406 Detect the voltage of the first terminal of the charging switch module and the voltage of the second terminal of the charging switch module.
  • Step 407 Determine whether the voltage of the first terminal of the charging switch module and the voltage of the second terminal of the charging switch module meet the second constraint relationship.
  • control module executes step 408; otherwise, continues to execute step 406.
  • Step 408 Close the charging switch module and disconnect the pre-charging module.
  • the control module implements hierarchical pre-charging during the charging process by executing steps 401 to 408.
  • step 501, step 506 to step 508 are respectively the same as the embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 11-13 Steps 301 to 304 are roughly the same, so I won’t repeat them here, and the differences are mainly introduced below:
  • Step 501 Control the main positive precharging module to close.
  • Step 502 Control the main negative precharge module to close.
  • step 501 is taken as the previous step of step 502.
  • step 502 and step 501 can be performed at the same time, or step 501 can be performed first.
  • Step 503 Detect the voltage of the first terminal of the main negative switch module and the voltage of the second terminal of the main negative switch module.
  • Step 504 Determine whether the voltage of the first terminal of the main negative switch module and the voltage of the second terminal of the main negative switch module meet the third constraint relationship.
  • control module executes step 505; otherwise, returns to step 503.
  • Step 505 Close the main negative switch module and disconnect the main negative precharge module.
  • Step 506 Detect the voltage of the first terminal of the main positive switch module and the voltage of the second terminal of the main positive switch module.
  • Step 507 Determine whether the voltage of the first terminal of the main positive switch module and the voltage of the second terminal of the main positive switch module meet the second constraint relationship.
  • control module executes step 508, otherwise, continues to execute step 506.
  • Step 508 Close the main positive switch module and disconnect the main positive precharge module.
  • the voltage at both ends of the main negative switch module is detected first, and the main negative switch module is controlled to close according to the detection result, and then the two sides of the charge switch module are closed.
  • the voltage of the terminal is detected, and the method of closing the charging switch module is controlled according to the detection result to realize grading pre-charging.
  • the grading pre-charging in the charging process can also be realized in other ways.
  • the control module first controls the main negative precharge module and the charging precharge module to close, detects the voltage of the first terminal of the charging switch module and the voltage of the second terminal of the charging switch module; judges the first terminal of the charging switch module. Whether the voltage at the terminal and the voltage at the second terminal of the charging switch module meet the first constraint relationship; if it is determined to be so, the charging switch module is closed and the charging pre-charging module is disconnected.
  • the control module After closing the charging switch module and disconnecting the pre-charging module, the control module detects the voltage of the first terminal of the main negative switch module and the voltage of the second terminal of the main negative switch module; judges the sum of the voltage of the first terminal of the main negative switch module Whether the voltage at the second end of the main negative switch module meets the third constraint relationship; if it is determined to be the case, close the main negative switch module and disconnect the main negative precharge module.
  • This embodiment does not limit the control sequence of the main negative switch module and the charging switch module in the hierarchical pre-charging that realizes the charging process.
  • the voltage across the main negative switch module is detected first, the main negative switch module is controlled to close according to the detection result, and then the main positive switch module The voltage at both ends is detected, and the method of controlling the main positive switch to close according to the detection result realizes the graded precharge.
  • the graded precharge during the discharge process can also be realized by other methods.
  • the control module first controls the main negative precharge module and the main positive precharge module to close, detects the voltage of the first terminal of the main positive switch module and the voltage of the second terminal of the main positive switch module; judges the main positive switch Whether the voltage at the first terminal of the module and the voltage at the second terminal of the main positive switch module meet the second constraint relationship; if it is determined to be yes, close the main positive switch module and disconnect the main positive precharge module.
  • control module closes the main positive switch module and disconnects the main positive precharge module, it detects the voltage of the first terminal of the main negative switch module and the voltage of the second terminal of the main negative switch module; judges the voltage of the first terminal of the main negative switch module Whether the voltage and the voltage of the second terminal of the main negative switch module meet the third constraint relationship; if it is determined to be yes, close the main negative switch module and disconnect the main negative precharge module.
  • This embodiment does not limit the control sequence of the main negative switch module and the charging switch module in the hierarchical pre-charging that realizes the discharging process.
  • this embodiment is a method embodiment corresponding to the embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 6-10, and therefore this embodiment can be implemented in cooperation with the embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 6-10.
  • the related technical details mentioned in the embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 6-10 are still valid in this embodiment, and the technical effects that can be achieved in the embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 6-10 can also be achieved in this embodiment. In order to reduce repetition, I won’t repeat it here. Correspondingly, the related technical details mentioned in this embodiment can also be applied in the second embodiment.

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Abstract

本申请部分实施例提供了一种电池技术领域。采用本申请的实施例，高压电池组的预充电路和预充方法。本申请的部分实施例中，在充电过程中，控制模块在确定充电开关模块的第一端的电压和充电开关模块的第二端的电压符合第一约束关系后，闭合充电开关模块，断开充电预充模块；在放电过程中，控制模块在确定主正开关模块的第一端的电压和主正开关模块的第二端的电压符合第二约束关系后，闭合主正开关模块，断开主正预充模块。该高压电池组的预充电路能够解决由于充电开关模块和主正开关模块两端电压压差过大，导致的闭合瞬间产生大电流的问题，进而避免了大电流对充电开关模块和主正开关模块的寿命及可控性的影响。

Description

一种高压电池组的预充电路和预充方法
交叉引用
本申请引用于2019年1月23日递交的名称为“一种高压电池组的预充电路和预充方法”的第201910064176.6号中国专利申请，其通过引用被全部并入本申请。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别涉及一种高压电池组的预充电路和预充方法。
背景技术
近年来，由于全球气候变暖、环境污染和能源紧张问题，世界各国纷纷推出了燃油汽车禁售时间表。随着各种优惠政策对新能源汽车的倾斜，越来越多的企业抓住了这个机遇，大力发展新能源汽车。得益于此，新能源汽车的发展十分迅速。但是，由于是新的领域，也面临着很多挑战，如核心技术基础薄弱、生产准入门槛较低、相关标准不统一、基础配套设置不够完善等问题。
发明人发现现有技术至少存在以下问题：然而，发明人发现现有技术中至少存在如下问题：目前，新能源汽车和传统燃油汽车相比，最大的缺点就是充电速度较慢，导致新能源汽车充好电的时间远远长于燃油汽车加好油的时间， 这极大的浪费了客户的时间。基于这个客户使用痛点，许多企业都设计开发了快充功能，将新能源汽车充好电的时间大大缩短。但是，现有的快充支路和放电支路缺乏对高压开关的保护，所以有时会出现高压开关无法控制的情况，会对电池包和汽车的安全性造成极大的威胁。
需要说明的是，在上述背景技术部分公开的信息仅用于加强对本公开的背景的理解，因此可以包括不构成对本领域普通技术人员已知的现有技术的信息。
申请内容
本申请部分实施例的目的在于提供一种高压电池组的预充电路和预充方法，使得能够解决由于充电开关模块和主正开关模块两端电压压差过大，导致的闭合瞬间产生大电流的问题，进而避免了大电流对充电开关模块和主正开关模块的寿命及可控性的影响。
本申请实施例提供了一种高压电池组的预充电路，包括：高压电池组、主正开关模块、主正预充模块、充电开关模块、充电预充模块、主负开关模块和控制模块；高压电池组的正极分别与主正开关模块的第一端和充电开关模块的第一端连接，高压电池组的负极与主负开关模块的第一端连接；主正开关模块的第二端与预充电路的主正连接端连接，充电开关模块的第二端与预充电路的充电连接端连接，主负开关模块的第二端与预充电路的主负连接端连接；主正预充模块与主正开关模块并联，充电预充模块与充电开关模块并联；在充电过程中，控制模块控制充电预充模块闭合，检测充电开关模块的第一端的电压和充电开关模块的第二端的电压，在确定充电开关模块的第一端的电压和充电 开关模块的第二端的电压符合第一约束关系后，闭合充电开关模块，断开充电预充模块；在放电过程中，控制模块控制主正预充模块闭合，检测主正开关模块的第一端的电压和主正开关模块的第二端的电压，在确定主正开关模块的第一端的电压和主正开关模块的第二端的电压符合第二约束关系后，闭合主正开关模块，断开主正预充模块。
本申请实施例还提供了一种高压电池组的预充方法，应用于上述实施例提及的高压电池组的预充电路，包括以下步骤：在充电过程中，控制充电预充模块闭合；检测充电开关模块的第一端的电压和充电开关模块的第二端的电压；判断充电开关模块的第一端的电压和充电开关模块的第二端的电压是否符合第一约束关系；若确定是，闭合充电开关模块，断开充电预充模块；在放电过程中，控制主正预充模块闭合；检测主正开关模块的第一端的电压和主正开关模块的第二端的电压；判断主正开关模块的第一端的电压和主正开关模块的第二端的电压是否符合第二约束关系；若确定是，闭合主正开关模块，断开主正预充模块。
本申请实施例相对于现有技术而言，充电过程中，高压电池组通过充电预充模块进行预充，并在确定充电开关模块的第一端的电压和充电开关模块的第二端的电压符合第一约束关系后，再闭合充电开关模块，减小了充电开关模块的第一端的电压和充电开关模块的第二端的电压之间的差值。由于减小了充电开关模块的第一端的电压和充电开关模块的第二端的电压之间的差值，充电开关模块闭合的瞬间不会产生过大的冲击电流，不会对充电开关模块的寿命造成影响，进而避免了由于经常性产生较大冲击电流造成充电开关模块粘连，导致控制模块无法控制充电开关模块断开的问题，提高了高压电池组和电动汽车 的安全性。放电过程中，高压电池组通过主正预充模块进行预充，并在确定主正开关模块的第一端的电压和主正开关模块的第二端的电压符合第二约束关系后，再闭合主正开关模块，减小了主正开关模块的第一端的电压和主正开关模块的第二端的电压之间的差值。由于减小了主正开关模块的第一端的电压和主正开关模块的第二端的电压之间的差值，主正开关模块闭合的瞬间不会产生过大的冲击电流，不会对主正开关模块的寿命造成影响，进而避免了由于经常性产生较大冲击电流造成主正开关模块粘连，导致控制模块无法控制主正开关模块断开的问题，提高了高压电池组和电动汽车的安全性。
例如，高压电池组的预充电路还包括主负预充模块，主负预充模块与主负开关模块并联。该实现中，主负预充模块可以作为主正预充模块或充电预充模块的备用预充模块，也可以与主正预充模块或充电预充模块配合，实现分级预充。
例如，充电预充模块包括充电预充开关和第一电阻网络，充电预充开关和第一电阻网络串联；主正预充模块包括主正预充开关和第二电阻网络，主正预充开关和第二电阻网络串联。
例如，主负预充模块包括主负预充开关和第三电阻网络，主负预充开关和第三电阻网络串联。
例如，高压电池组的预充电路还包括第一电流检测模块；充电开关模块的第二端通过第一电流检测模块与充电连接端连接，第一电流检测模块与控制模块连接；控制模块在确定第一电流检测模块检测得到的电流值超过第一阈值时，上报过流故障。该实现中，能够及时发现并上报充电过程中的过流问题。
例如，高压电池组的预充电路还包括第二电流检测模块；主正开关模块 的第二端通过第二电流检测模块与主正连接端连接，第二电流检测模块与控制模块连接；控制模块在确定第二电流检测模块检测得到的电流值超过第二阈值时，上报过流故障。该实现中，能够及时发现并上报放电过程中的过流问题。
例如，高压电池组的预充电路还包括第三电流检测模块；主负开关模块的第二端通过第三电流检测模块与主负连接端连接；第三电流检测模块与控制模块连接；在充电过程中，控制模块在确定第三电流检测模块检测得到的电流值超过第一阈值时，上报过流故障；在放电过程中，控制模块在确定第三电流检测模块检测得到的电流值超过第二阈值时，上报过流故障。
例如，高压电池组的预充电路还包括充电模块和放电模块；充电模块的第一端与充电连接端连接，充电模块的第二端与主负连接端连接，放电模块的第一端与主正连接端连接，放电模块的第二端与主负连接端连接。
例如，放电模块包括N个负载子模块，高压电池组的预充电路还包括N个第四电流检测模块，N个负载子模块与N个第四电流检测模块一一对应；其中，每个负载子模块的第一端通过负载开关与对应的第四电流检测模块的第二端连接，第四电流检测模块的第一端均与主正连接端连接，每个负载子模块的第二端均与主负连接端连接；每个第四电流检测模块分别与控制模块连接；控制模块在放电过程中，在确定第四电流检测模块检测得到的电流值超过第三阈值时，上报过流故障；N为正整数。该实现中，能够及时发现并上报各个放电支路的过流问题。
例如，在控制充电预充模块闭合之前，或，控制主正预充模块闭合之前，预充方法还包括：闭合主负开关模块。
例如，高压电池组的预充电路还包括主负预充模块，主负预充模块与主 负开关模块并联；在充电过程中，在检测充电开关模块的第一端的电压和充电开关模块的第二端的电压之前，预充方法还包括：控制主负预充模块闭合；检测主负开关模块的第一端的电压和主负开关模块的第二端的电压；判断主负开关模块的第一端的电压和主负开关模块的第二端的电压是否符合第三约束关系；若确定是，闭合主负开关模块，断开主负预充模块；在放电过程中，在检测主正开关模块的第一端的电压和主正开关模块的第二端的电压之前，预充方法还包括：控制主负预充模块闭合；检测主负开关模块的第一端的电压和主负开关模块的第二端的电压；判断主负开关模块的第一端的电压和主负开关模块的第二端的电压是否符合第三约束关系；若确定是，闭合主负开关模块，断开主负预充模块。该实现中，能够实现分级预充。
例如，高压电池组的预充电路还包括主负预充模块，主负预充模块与主负开关模块并联；在充电过程中，在检测充电开关模块的第一端的电压和充电开关模块的第二端的电压之前，预充方法还包括：控制主负预充模块闭合；在闭合充电开关模块，断开充电预充模块之后，预充方法还包括：检测主负开关模块的第一端的电压和主负开关模块的第二端的电压；判断主负开关模块的第一端的电压和主负开关模块的第二端的电压是否符合第三约束关系；若确定是，闭合主负开关模块，断开主负预充模块；在放电过程中，在检测主正开关模块的第一端的电压和主正开关模块的第二端的电压之前，预充方法还包括：控制主负预充模块闭合；在闭合主正开关模块，断开主正预充模块之后，预充方法还包括：检测主负开关模块的第一端的电压和主负开关模块的第二端的电压；判断主负开关模块的第一端的电压和主负开关模块的第二端的电压是否符合第三约束关系；若确定是，闭合主负开关模块，断开主负预充模块。该实现中， 能够实现分级预充。
例如，在控制充电预充模块闭合，或，控制主正预充模块闭合之前，预充方法还包括：确定高压电池组的绝缘阻值是否符合预设要求，并且在确定所述高压电池组的绝缘阻值符合预设要求的情况下，控制所述充电预充模块闭合或者控制所述主正预充模块闭合。该实现中，控制模块在高压电池组的绝缘阻值符合预设要求后在进行充电或者放电，提高了安全性。
例如，高压电池组的预充电路还包括第一电流检测模块；充电开关模块的第二端通过第一电流检测模块与充电连接端连接，第一电流检测模块与控制模块连接；在充电过程中，在闭合充电开关模块，断开充电预充模块之后，预充方法还包括：在确定第一电流检测模块检测得到的电流值超过第一阈值时，上报过流故障。
例如，高压电池组的预充电路还包括第二电流检测模块；主正开关模块的第二端通过第二电流检测模块与主正连接端连接，第二电流检测模块与控制模块连接；在放电过程中，在闭合主正开关模块，断开主正预充模块之后，预充方法还包括：在确定第二电流检测模块检测得到的电流值超过第二阈值时，上报过流故障。
例如，高压电池组的预充电路还包括第三电流检测模块，主负开关模块的第二端通过第三电流检测模块与主负连接端连接；第三电流检测模块与控制模块连接；在充电过程中，在闭合充电开关模块，断开充电预充模块之后，预充方法还包括：在确定第三电流检测模块检测得到的电流值超过第一阈值时，上报过流故障；在放电过程中，在闭合主正开关模块，断开主正预充模块之后，预充方法还包括：在确定第三电流检测模块检测得到的电流值超过第二阈值时， 上报过流故障。
例如，高压电池组的预充电路还包括放电模块和N个第四电流检测模块，放电模块包括N个负载子模块，N个负载子模块与N个第四电流检测模块一一对应；每个负载子模块的第一端通过负载开关与对应的第四电流检测模块的第二端连接，第四电流检测模块的第一端均与主正连接端连接，每个负载子模块的第二端均与主负连接端连接；每个第四电流检测模块分别与控制模块连接；在放电过程中，在闭合主正开关模块，断开主正预充模块之后，预充方法还包括：在确定第四电流检测模块检测得到的电流值超过第三阈值时，上报过流故障。
附图说明
一个或多个实施例通过与之对应的附图中的图片进行示例性说明，这些示例性说明并不构成对实施例的限定，附图中具有相同参考数字标号的元件表示为类似的元件，除非有特别申明，附图中的图不构成比例限制。
图1是本申请的实施例的高压电池组的预充电路的结构示意图；
图2是本申请的实施例的一种具体实现中的高压电池组的预充电路的结构示意图；
图3是本申请的实施例的高压电池组的预充电路的电路图；
图4是本申请的实施例的另一高压电池组的预充电路的电路图；
图5是本申请的实施例的又一高压电池组的预充电路的电路图；
图6是本申请的另一实施例的高压电池组的预充电路的结构示意图；
图7是本申请的另一实施例的高压电池组的预充电路的电路图；
图8是本申请的另一实施例的采用分级预充的高压电池组的预充电路的仿真图；
图9是本申请的另一实施例的不采用分级预充的高压电池组的预充电路的仿真图；
图10是本申请的另一实施例的两种充电电路的仿真结果图；
图11是本申请的又一实施例的充电过程中的预充方法的流程图；
图12是本申请的又一实施例的放电过程中的预充方法的流程图；
图13是本申请的又一实施例的预充方法的总体策略的示意图；
图14是本申请的再一实施例的充电过程中的预充方法的流程图；
图15是本申请的再一实施例的放电过程中的预充方法的流程图。
具体实施例
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本申请部分实施例进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。
本文中为部件所编序号本身，例如“第一”、“第二”等，仅用于区分所描述的对象，不具有任何顺序或技术含义。而本申请所说“连接”、“联接”，如无特别说明，均包括直接和间接连接(联接)。
本申请第一实施例涉及一种高压电池组的预充电路，如图1所示，包括：高压电池组101、主正开关模块102、主正预充模块103、充电开关模块104、充电预充模块105、主负开关模块106和控制模块107。高压电池组101的正极分别与主正开关模块102的第一端和充电开关模块104的第一端连接，高压电 池组101的负极与主负开关模块106的第一端连接；主正开关模块102的第二端与预充电路的主正连接端122连接，充电开关模块104的第二端与预充电路的充电连接端121连接，主负开关模块106的第二端与预充电路的主负连接端123连接；主正预充模块103与主正开关模块102并联，充电预充模块105与充电开关模块104并联；在充电过程中，控制模块107控制充电预充模块105闭合，检测充电开关模块104的第一端的电压和充电开关模块104的第二端的电压，在确定充电开关模块104的第一端的电压和充电开关模块104的第二端的电压符合第一约束关系后，闭合充电开关模块104，断开充电预充模块105。在放电过程中，控制模块107控制主正预充模块103闭合，检测主正开关模块102的第一端的电压和主正开关模块102的第二端的电压，在确定主正开关模块102的第一端的电压和主正开关模块102的第二端的电压符合第二约束关系后，闭合主正开关模块102，断开主正预充模块103。
在一个例子中，高压电池组的预充电路如图2所示，高压电池组的预充电路还包括充电模块108和放电模块109；充电模块108的第一端与充电连接端121连接，充电模块108的第二端与主负连接端123连接，放电模块109的第一端与主正连接端122连接，放电模块109的第二端与主负连接端123连接。
在一个例子中，在检测主正开关模块102的第一端的电压、主正开关模块102的第二端的电压、充电开关模块104的第一端的电压和充电开关模块104的第二端的电压时，以主负开关模块106的第一端为参考地。
在一个例子中，充电预充模块105包括充电预充开关和第一电阻网络，充电预充开关和第一电阻网络串联。主正预充模块103包括主正预充开关和第二电阻网络，主正预充开关和第二电阻网络串联。
在一个例子中，第一电阻网络可以为第一电阻，第二电阻网络可以为第二电阻。通过调节第一电阻的阻值大小，可以改变充电模块两端的容性器件的预充时间。当增大第一电阻的阻值时，将减小充电预充模块105所在支路的电流，增加充电模块两端的容性器件的预充时间。当减小第一电阻的阻值时，将增大充电预充模块105所在支路的电流，缩短充电模块两端的容性器件的预充时间。通过调节第二电阻的阻值大小，可以改变放电模块两端的容性器件的预充时间。当增大第二电阻的阻值时，将减小主正预充模块103所在支路的电流，增加放电模块两端的容性器件的预充时间。当减小第二电阻的阻值时，将增大主正预充模块103所在支路的电流，缩短放电模块两端的容性器件的预充时间。
需要说明的是，本领域技术人员可以理解，充电模块两端的容性器件可以是连接在充电模块的第一端和充电模块的第二端之间的电容，放电模块两端的容性器件可以是连接在放电模块的第一端和放电模块的第二端之间的电容。
值得一提的是，高压电池组通过主正预充模块对放电模块两端的容性器件进行预充，降低了主正开关模块的第一端的电压和主正开关模块的第二端的电压的差值，使得主正开关模块闭合的瞬间不会产生过大的冲击电流，避免了过大的冲击电流对主正开关模块的寿命和稳定性的影响。
值得一提的是，高压电池组通过充电预充模块对充电模块两端的容性器件进行预充，降低了充电开关模块的第一端的电压和充电开关模块的第二端的电压的差值，使得充电开关模块闭合的瞬间不会产生过大的冲击电流，避免了过大的冲击电流对充电开关模块的寿命和稳定性的影响。
本领域技术人员可以理解，实际应用中，第一约束关系可以是充电开关模块104的第二端的电压不小于充电开关模块104的第一端的电压的k倍，k 为小于1的正数，第二约束关系可以是主正开关模块102的第二端的电压不小于主正开关模块102的第一端的电压的t倍，t为小于1的正数。具体实现中，k和t的取值可以相同，也可以不同，具体取值可以根据高压电池组的预充电路的具体结构、各器件的参数等设置。
以下结合高压电池组的预充电路的具体电路图，对高压电池组的预充电路的控制逻辑进行举例说明。
在一个例子中，高压电池组的预充电路的电路图如图3所示。其中，V表示高压电池组，S1表示充电预充开关，S2表示充电开关模块，S3表示主正预充开关，S4表示主正开关模块，S5表示主负开关模块，R1表示第一电阻网络，R2表示第二电阻网络。U1为主正开关模块的第一端的电压和充电开关模块的第一端的电压，U2为主正开关模块的第二端的电压，U3为充电开关模块的第二端的电压。可选的，充电模块可以是快充插座，放电模块可以是汽车的用电设备，例如电机、空调、逆变器等。可选的，第一约束关系为充电开关模块的第二端的电压等于充电开关模块的第一端的电压的0.8倍，第二约束关系为主正开关模块的第一端的电压等于主正开关模块的第二端的电压的0.8倍。
在高压电池组快速充电的过程中，控制模块闭合S1和S5，高压电池组对充电模块两端的容性器件进行充电。控制模块对U1和U3进行电压采样，当U1和U3满足第一约束关系，控制模块闭合S2，断开S1，充电模块对高压电池组进行充电。通过上述内容可知，当存在充电预充模块时，U1和U3的电压差不会太大，不会在S2闭合的瞬间产生一个大的冲击电流，故不会对S2的寿命造成影响，也不会对快充插座内部的容性器件的寿命造成影响，保护了S2和快充插座内部的容性器件。
在高压电池组放电过程中，控制模块闭合S3和S5，高压电池组对放电模块两端的容性器件进行充电，例如，放电模块两端的X电容。控制模块对U1和U2进行电压采样，当U1和U2满足第二约束关系时，控制模块闭合S4，断开S3，高压电池组通过放电模块进行放电。通过上述内容可知，当存在主正预充模块时，U1和U2的电压差不会太大，不会在S4闭合的瞬间产生一个大的冲击电流，故不会对S4的寿命造成影响，也不会对放电模块内部的容性器件的寿命造成影响，保护了S4和快充插座内部的容性器件。
需要说明的是，本领域技术人员可以理解，上述例子仅为举例说明，实际应用中，高压电池组的预充电路也可以是其他电路形式。
例如，高压电池组的预充电路包括高压电池组、充电开关模块、主正开关模块、主负开关模块和主负预充模块，高压电池组的正极分别与主正开关模块的第一端和充电开关模块的第一端连接，高压电池组的负极与主负开关模块的第一端连接；主正开关模块的第二端与放电模块的第一端连接，充电开关模块的第二端与充电模块的第一端连接，充电模块的第二端和放电模块的第二端分别与主负开关模块的第二端连接。主负预充模块与主负开关模块并联，包括主负预充开关和第三电阻网络。其电路图如图4所示，图4中，V表示高压电池组，S2表示充电开关模块，S4表示主正开关模块，S5表示主负开关模块，S6表示主负预充开关，R3表示第三电阻网络。在充电和放电过程中，控制模块均先控制S6闭合，在主负开关模块的第二端的电压等于主负开关模块的第一端的电压的0.8倍后，闭合S5，断开S6。
在一个例子中，控制模块在控制主正预充模块闭合之前，或，在控制充电预充模块闭合之前，确定高压电池组的绝缘阻值是否符合预设要求，并且在 确定所述高压电池组的绝缘阻值符合预设要求的情况下，控制所述充电预充模块闭合或者控制所述主正预充模块闭合。即该实现中，判断高压电池组的绝缘阻值是否处于安全范围内，以确保高压电池组的预充电路的安全。其中，绝缘阻值的安全范围可以根据具体需要设置。
在一个例子中，高压电池组的预充电路还包括第一电流检测模块111；充电开关模块的第二端通过第一电流检测模块111与充电连接端121连接，第一电流检测模块111与控制模块107连接；控制模块107在确定第一电流检测模块111检测得到的电流值超过第一阈值时，上报过流故障。
在一个例子中，高压电池组的预充电路还包括第二电流检测模块112，主正开关模块的第二端通过第二电流检测模块112与主正连接端122连接，第二电流检测模块112与控制模块107连接；控制模块107在确定第二电流检测模块112检测得到的电流值超过第二阈值时，上报过流故障。
在一个例子中，高压电池组的预充电路还包括第三电流检测模块113；主负开关模块的第二端通过第三电流检测模块113与主负连接端123连接；第三电流检测模块113与控制模块107连接；在充电过程中，控制模块107在确定第三电流检测模块113检测得到的电流值超过第一阈值时，上报过流故障；在放电过程中，控制模块107在确定第三电流检测模块113检测得到的电流值超过第二阈值时，上报过流故障。
在一个例子中，如图5所示，放电模块包括N个负载子模块1091，高压电池组的预充电路还包括N个第四电流检测模块114，N个负载子模块1091与N个第四电流检测模块114一一对应。其中，每个负载子模块1091的第一端通过负载开关S7与对应的第四电流检测模块114的第二端连接，第四电流检测模 块114的第一端均与主正连接端122连接，每个负载子模块1091的第二端均与主负连接端123连接；每个第四电流检测模块114分别与控制模块107连接(未示出)；控制模块107在放电过程中，在确定第四电流检测模块114检测得到的电流值超过第三阈值时，上报过流故障；N为正整数。
值得一提的是，控制模块能够对过流故障进行检测，避免过流故障对高压电池组造成影响。
需要说明的是，本领域技术人员可以理解，第一阈值、第二阈值和第三阈值可以根据高压电池组的预充电路中各器件的工作电流、最大电流值或其他参数确定，本实施例不限制第一阈值、第二阈值和第三阈值的具体取值。
需要说明的是，本领域技术人员可以理解，在上报过流故障后，控制模块可以有选择的执行断开相应的开关、降低功率等策略。
值得一提的是，控制模块能够在流经主正开关模块、充电开关模块、主负开关模块和各负载开关中任意一个所在的支路的电流过大时，及时上报过流故障，以使控制模块可以及时采取应对措施，防止电流过大损坏高压电池组和电路中的开关模块。
需要说明的是，第一电流检测模块、第二电流检测模块、第三电流检测模块和第四电流检测模块可以是电流传感器，也可以是其他能够检测电流的电路，本实施例不限制第一电流检测模块、第二电流检测模块、第三电流检测模块和第四电流检测模块的类型。
在一个例子中，由于充电开关模块和主正开关模块分别设置电流检测模块，当存在边充电和边放电的情况时，可以对充电支路和放电支路的电流做双向检查，从而得出实际充入高压电池组的电流。
值得一提的是，本实施例中所涉及到的各模块均为逻辑模块，在实际应用中，一个逻辑单元可以是一个物理单元，也可以是一个物理单元的一部分，还可以以多个物理单元的组合实现。此外，为了突出本申请的创新部分，本实施例中并没有将与解决本申请所提出的技术问题关系不太密切的单元引入，但这并不表明本实施例中不存在其它的单元。
需要说明的是，以上仅为举例说明，并不对本申请的技术方案构成限定。
与现有技术相比，本实施例中提供的高压电池组的预充电路，充电过程中，高压电池组通过充电预充模块对充电模块的容性器件进行预充，并在确定充电开关模块的第一端的电压和充电开关模块的第二端的电压符合第一约束关系后，再闭合充电开关模块，减小了充电开关模块的第一端的电压和充电开关模块的第二端的电压之间的差值。由于减小了充电开关模块的第一端的电压和充电开关模块的第二端的电压之间的差值，充电开关模块闭合的瞬间不会产生过大的冲击电流，不会对充电开关模块的寿命造成影响，进而避免了由于经常性产生较大冲击电流造成充电开关模块粘连，导致控制模块无法控制充电开关模块断开的问题，提高了高压电池组和电动汽车的安全性。放电过程中，高压电池组通过主正预充模块对放电模块的容性器件进行预充，并在确定主正开关模块的第一端的电压和主正开关模块的第二端的电压符合第二约束关系后，再闭合主正开关模块，减小了主正开关模块的第一端的电压和主正开关模块的第二端的电压之间的差值。由于减小了主正开关模块的第一端的电压和主正开关模块的第二端的电压之间的差值，主正开关模块闭合的瞬间不会产生过大的冲击电流，不会对主正开关模块的寿命造成影响，进而避免了由于经常性产生较大冲击电流造成主正开关模块粘连，导致控制模块无法控制主正开关模块断开 的问题，提高了高压电池组和电动汽车的安全性。
本申请的另一实施例涉及一种高压电池组的预充电路，本实施例在参照图1-5描述的基础上做了进一步改进，具体改进之处为：在主负开关模块处增设了主负预充模块，主负预充模块可以作为备用预充模块，也可以用于使高压电池组的预充电路实现分级预充。
具体地说，如图6所示，高压电池组的预充电路还包括主负预充模块110，主负预充模块110与主负开关模块106并联。
在一个例子中，主负预充模块110作为备用的预充模块。当主正预充模块103或充电预充模块105发生故障时，高压电池组的预充电路通过主负预充模块110进行预充。
值得一提的是，由于为高压电池组的预充电路设置了主负预充模块，使得在主正预充模块或充电预设模块发生故障时，可以通过主负预设模块达到预充效果，提高了高压电池组的预充电路的可靠性。
在另一个例子，主负预充模块110分别与主正预充模块103和充电预充模块105配合，实现放电过程中的分级预充和充电过程中的分级预充。
在一个例子中，主负预充模块包括主负预充开关和第三电阻网络，主负预充开关和第三电阻网络串联，高压电池组的预充电路的电路图如图7所示。其中，V表示高压电池组，S1表示充电预充开关，R1表示第一电阻网络，S2表示充电开关模块，S3表示主正预充开关，R2表示第二电阻网络，S4表示主正开关模块，S5表示主负开关模块，S6表示主负预充开关，R3表示第三电阻网络。U1为充电开关模块的第一端的电压和主正开关模块第一端的电压，U2为主正开关模块的第二端的电压，U3为充电开关模块的第二端的电压，U4为 主负开关模块的第一端的电压，U5为主负开关模块的第二端的电压。
在充电过程中，当进行分级预充时，首先闭合S1和S6，控制模块持续性地对U4和U5进行电压采样，当U4和U5满足第三约束关系时，例如，当U4等于0.5倍的U5，闭合S5，断开S6。控制模块对U1和U3进行检测，当U3＝0.8U1时，闭合S2，断开S1，此时完成分级预充。其中，在充电过程中，采用分级预充的高压电池组的预充电路的仿真图如图8所示，不采用分级预充的高压电池组的预充电路的仿真图如图9所示，图8和图9所示的仿真图的仿真结果如图10所示。由于预充主要是对充电模块两端的容性器件进行预充，故图8和图9中，以X表示充电模块两端的容性器件，V表示高压电池组，S1表示充电预充开关，R1表示第一电阻网络，S2表示充电开关模块，S5表示主负开关模块，S6表示主负预充开关，R3表示第二电阻网络。图10中，横坐标(t)表示充电时间，纵坐标(U)表示X电容两端的电压，曲线1为采用分级预充的仿真结果曲线，曲线2为不采用分级预充的仿真结果曲线。由图10可知，采用分级预充的充电电路的预充时间小于不采用分级预充的充电电路。
在放电过程中，首先闭合S3和S6，控制模块持续性地对U4和U5进行电压采样，当U4和U5满足第三约束关系时，例如，当U4等于0.5倍的U5，闭合S5，断开S6。控制模块对U1和U2进行检测，当U2＝0.8U1时，闭合S4，断开S3，此时完成分级预充。
需要说明的是，本领域技术人员可以理解，第三约束关系可以是主负开关模块的第一端U4的电压不小于主负开关模块的第二端U5的电压的p倍，p为小于1的正数，p的具体取值可以根据高压电池组的预充电路的具体结构、各器件的参数等设置。
需要说明的是，本领域技术人员可以理解，上述高压电池组的预充电路实现分级预充的方法仅为举例说明，实际应用中，还可以通过其他方式实现分级预充。例如，在充电过程中，也可以先对U1和U3进行采样，根据采样结果闭合S2之后，再对U4和U5进行采样，在放电过程中，也可以先对U1和U2进行采样，根据采样结果闭合S4之后，再对U4和U5进行采样。本实施例不限制实现分级预充的具体过程。
在一个例子中，在检测主正开关模块102的第一端的电压、主正开关模块102的第二端的电压、充电开关模块104的第一端的电压和充电开关模块104的第二端的电压时，以主负开关模块106的第一端为参考地，在检测主负开关模块106的第一端的电压和主负开关模块106的第二端的电压时，以主正开关模块102的第一端的电压为参考地。
值得一提的是，本实施例中所涉及到的各模块均为逻辑模块，在实际应用中，一个逻辑单元可以是一个物理单元，也可以是一个物理单元的一部分，还可以以多个物理单元的组合实现。此外，为了突出本申请的创新部分，本实施例中并没有将与解决本申请所提出的技术问题关系不太密切的单元引入，但这并不表明本实施例中不存在其它的单元。
需要说明的是，以上仅为举例说明，并不对本申请的技术方案构成限定。
与现有技术相比，本实施例中提供的高压电池组的预充电路，在主负开关模块两端并联主负预充模块，使得主负预充模块可以作为备用的预充模块，也可以用于实现分级预充。当主负预充模块作为备用的预充模块时，在主正预充模块或充电预设模块发生故障时，可以通过主负预设模块达到预充效果，提高了高压电池组的预充电路的可靠性。当主负预充模块分别与主正预充模块和 充电预充模块配合，实现分级预充，缩短预充时间。
本申请的又一实施例涉及一种高压电池组的预充方法，应用于上述实施例提及的高压电池组的预充电路。
在充电过程中，高压电池组的预充方法如图11所示，包括以下步骤：
步骤201：控制充电预充模块闭合。
在一个例子中，控制模块先闭合主负开关模块，然后控制充电预充模块闭合。或者，控制模块同时闭合主负开关模块和充电预充模块。或者，控制模块先闭合充电预充模块，再闭合主负开关模块。
步骤202：检测充电开关模块的第一端的电压和充电开关模块的第二端的电压。
步骤203：判断充电开关模块的第一端的电压和充电开关模块的第二端的电压是否符合第一约束关系。
具体地说，控制模块在确定充电开关模块的第一端的电压和充电开关模块的第二端的电压符合第一约束关系后，执行步骤204，否则，返回执行步骤202。
步骤204：闭合充电开关模块，断开充电预充模块。
具体地说，高压电池组的预充电路还包括充电模块，充电模块的第一端与充电连接端121连接，主负连接端与充电模块的第二端连接。充电预充模块闭合时，高压电池组对充电模块两端的容性器件进行预充，充电开关模块闭合后，充电模块对高压电池组进行充电。
在一个例子中，高压电池组的预充电路还包括第一电流检测模块，充电开关模块的第二端通过第一电流检测模块与充电连接端连接，第一电流检测模 块与控制模块连接。控制模块在闭合充电开关模块，断开充电预充模块之后，通过第一电流检测模块对充电开关模块所在支路的电流进行监控。控制模块在确定第一电流检测模块检测得到的电流值超过第一阈值时，上报过流故障。
在一个例子中，在上报过流故障后，控制模块通过断开充电开关模块或主负开关模块、降低功率等策略，降低充电开关模块所在支路的电流。
在放电过程中，高压电池组的预充方法如图12所示，包括以下步骤：
步骤301：控制主正预充模块闭合。
在一个例子中，控制模块先闭合主负开关模块，然后控制主正预充模块闭合。或者，控制模块同时闭合主负开关模块和主正预充模块。或者，控制模块先闭合主正预充模块，再闭合主负开关模块。
步骤302：检测主正开关模块的第一端的电压和主正开关模块的第二端的电压。
步骤303：判断主正开关模块的第一端的电压和主正开关模块的第二端的电压是否符合第二约束关系。
具体地说，控制模块在确定主正开关模块的第一端的电压和主正开关模块的第二端的电压符合第二约束关系后，执行步骤304，否则，返回执行步骤302。
步骤304：闭合主正开关模块，断开主正预充模块。
具体地说，高压电池组的预充电路还包括放电模块，主正连接端与放电模块的第一端连接，主负连接端与放电模块的第二端连接。主正预充模块闭合时，高压电池组对放电模块两端的容性器件进行预充，主正开关模块闭合后，高压电池组放电至放电模块。
在一个例子中，高压电池组的预充电路还包括第二电流检测模块，主正开关模块的第二端通过第二电流检测模块与主正连接端连接，第二电流检测模块与控制模块连接。控制模块在闭合主正开关模块，断开主正预充模块之后，通过第二电流检测模块对主正开关模块所在支路的电流进行监控。控制模块在确定第二电流检测模块检测得到的电流值超过第二阈值时，上报过流故障。
在一个例子中，高压电池组的预充电路还包括第三电流检测模块，主负开关模块的第二端通过第三电流检测模块与主负连接端连接；第三电流检测模块与控制模块连接。在充电过程中，控制模块在闭合充电开关模块，断开充电预充模块之后，在确定第三电流检测模块检测得到的电流值超过第一阈值时，上报过流故障；在放电过程中，在闭合主正开关模块，断开主正预充模块之后，预充方法还包括：在确定第三电流检测模块检测得到的电流值超过第二阈值时，上报过流故障。
在一个例子中，在上报过流故障后，控制模块通过断开主正开关模块或主负开关模块、降低功率等策略，降低主正开关模块所在支路的电流。
在一个例子中，放电模块包括N个负载子模块，高压电池组的预充电路还包括N个第四电流检测模块，N个负载子模块与N个第四电流检测模块一一对应；每个负载子模块的第一端通过负载开关与对应的第四电流检测模块的第二端连接，第四电流检测模块的第一端均与主正连接端连接，每个负载子模块的第二端均与主负连接端连接；每个第四电流检测模块分别与控制模块连接；控制模块在闭合主正开关模块，断开主正预充模块之后，通过第四电流检测模块对各个负载子模块所在支路进行监控，在确定第四电流检测模块检测得到的电流值超过第三阈值时，上报过流故障。
需要说明的是，本领域技术人员可以理解，电流检测模块的个数可以根据高压电池组的预充电路中的开关的个数确定，有选择地，可以在每个开关所在支路设置一个电流检测模块，也可以选择一部分开关所在支路设置电流检测模块，本实施例不限制电流检测模块的个数和设置位置。
在一个例子中，控制模块在控制充电预充模块闭合之前，确定高压电池组的绝缘阻值符合预设要求。该情况下，高压电池组的预充方法的总体策略的示意图如图13所示，包括以下步骤：
步骤3011：进行高压电池组的绝缘检测。
步骤3012：判断绝缘阻值是否符合预设要求。
具体地说，若绝缘阻值符合预设要求，则执行步骤3013，若不符合预设要求，则执行步骤3014。其中，预设要求可以根据需要设置。例如，预设要求为绝缘阻值大于第五预设值。
步骤3013：进入充电过程或放电过程。
具体地说，若当前为充电过程，在绝缘阻值符合预设要求后，执行步骤201至步骤204。若当前为放电过程，在绝缘阻值符合预设要求后，执行步骤301至步骤304。
步骤3014：上报绝缘故障。
具体地说，由于高压电池组的绝缘阻值不符合预设要求，说明高压电池组的绝缘部分可能存在故障，需要上报绝缘故障。
不难发现，本实施例为与参照图1-5描述的实施例相对应的方法实施例，本实施例可与参照图1-5描述的实施例互相配合实施。参照图1-5描述的实施例中提到的相关技术细节在本实施例中依然有效，为了减少重复，这里不 再赘述。相应地，本实施例中提到的相关技术细节也可应用在参照图1-5描述的实施例中。
上面各种方法的步骤划分，只是为了描述清楚，实现时可以合并为一个步骤或者对某些步骤进行拆分，分解为多个步骤，只要包括相同的逻辑关系，都在本专利的保护范围内；对算法中或者流程中添加无关紧要的修改或者引入无关紧要的设计，但不改变其算法和流程的核心设计都在该专利的保护范围内。
本申请的再一实施例涉及一种高压电池组的预充方法，本实施例是对参照图11-13描述的实施例的进一步改进，具体改进之处为：通过控制充电开关模块、充电预充模块、主负开关模块和主负预充模块的闭合顺序和断开顺序，实现充电过程中的分级预充，通过控制主正开关模块、主正预充模块、主负开关模块和主负预充模块的闭合顺序和断开顺序，实现放电过程中的分级预充。
具体地说，充电过程中，如图14所示，本实施例的高压电池组的预充方法包括步骤401至步骤408，其中，步骤401、步骤406至步骤408分别与参照图11-13描述的实施例的步骤201至步骤204大致相同，此处不再赘述，下面主要介绍不同之处：
步骤401：控制充电预充模块闭合。
步骤402：控制主负预充模块闭合。
需要说明的是，本领域技术人员可以理解，本实施例中，为阐述清楚，将步骤401作为步骤402的前一步骤，实际应用中，可以同时执行步骤402和步骤401，或者，先执行步骤402，后执行步骤401，本实施例不限制执行步骤401和步骤402的前后顺序。
步骤403：检测主负开关模块的第一端的电压和主负开关模块的第二 端的电压。
步骤404：判断主负开关模块的第一端的电压和主负开关模块的第二端的电压是否符合第三约束关系。
具体地说，控制模块在确定主负开关模块的第一端的电压和主负开关模块的第二端的电压符合第三约束关系后，执行步骤405，否则，返回至步骤403。
步骤405：闭合主负开关模块，断开主负预充模块。
步骤406：检测充电开关模块的第一端的电压和充电开关模块的第二端的电压。
步骤407：判断充电开关模块的第一端的电压和充电开关模块的第二端的电压是否符合第二约束关系。
具体地说，控制模块在确定充电开关模块的第一端的电压和充电开关模块的第二端的电压符合第二约束关系后，执行步骤408，否则，继续执行步骤406。
步骤408：闭合充电开关模块，断开充电预充模块。
控制模块通过执行步骤401至步骤408，实现充电过程中的分级预充。
在放电过程中，本实施例的高压电池组的预充方法如图15所示，包括步骤501至步骤508，其中，步骤501、步骤506至步骤508分别与参照图11-13描述的实施例的步骤301至步骤304大致相同，此处不再赘述，下面主要介绍不同之处：
步骤501：控制主正预充模块闭合。
步骤502：控制主负预充模块闭合。
需要说明的是，本领域技术人员可以理解，本实施例中，为阐述清楚，将步骤501作为步骤502的前一步骤，实际应用中，可以同时执行步骤502和步骤501，或者，先执行步骤502，后执行步骤501，本实施例不限制执行步骤501和步骤502的前后顺序。
步骤503：检测主负开关模块的第一端的电压和主负开关模块的第二端的电压。
步骤504：判断主负开关模块的第一端的电压和主负开关模块的第二端的电压是否符合第三约束关系。
具体地说，控制模块在确定主负开关模块的第一端的电压和主负开关模块的第二端的电压符合第三约束关系后，执行步骤505，否则，返回至步骤503。
步骤505：闭合主负开关模块，断开主负预充模块。
步骤506：检测主正开关模块的第一端的电压和主正开关模块的第二端的电压。
步骤507：判断主正开关模块的第一端的电压和主正开关模块的第二端的电压是否符合第二约束关系。
具体地说，控制模块在确定主正开关模块的第一端的电压和主正开关模块的第二端的电压符合第二约束关系后，执行步骤508，否则，继续执行步骤506。
步骤508：闭合主正开关模块，断开主正预充模块。
需要说明的是，本实施例中，为描述清楚，在充电过程中，通过先对主负开关模块的两端的电压进行检测，根据检测结果控制主负开关模块闭合， 再对充电开关模块的两端的电压进行检测，根据检测结果控制充电开关模块闭合的方法，实现分级预充，实际应用中，也可以通过其他方式实现充电过程中的分级预充。
例如，在充电过程中，控制模块先控制主负预充模块和充电预充模块闭合，检测充电开关模块的第一端的电压和充电开关模块的第二端的电压；判断充电开关模块的第一端的电压和充电开关模块的第二端的电压是否符合第一约束关系；若确定是，闭合充电开关模块，断开充电预充模块。控制模块在闭合充电开关模块，断开充电预充模块之后，检测主负开关模块的第一端的电压和主负开关模块的第二端的电压；判断主负开关模块的第一端的电压和主负开关模块的第二端的电压是否符合第三约束关系；若确定是，闭合主负开关模块，断开主负预充模块。本实施例不限制实现充电过程的分级预充中，对主负开关模块和充电开关模块的控制顺序。
需要说明的是，本实施例中，为描述清楚，在放电过程中，通过先对主负开关模块的两端的电压进行检测，根据检测结果控制主负开关模块闭合，再对主正开关模块的两端的电压进行检测，根据检测结果控制主正开关闭合的方法，实现分级预充，实际应用中，也可以通过其他方式实现放电过程中的分级预充。
例如，在放电过程中，控制模块先控制主负预充模块和主正预充模块闭合，检测主正开关模块的第一端的电压和主正开关模块的第二端的电压；判断主正开关模块的第一端的电压和主正开关模块的第二端的电压是否符合第二约束关系；若确定是，闭合主正开关模块，断开主正预充模块。控制模块在闭合主正开关模块，断开主正预充模块之后，检测主负开关模块的第一端的电压 和主负开关模块的第二端的电压；判断主负开关模块的第一端的电压和主负开关模块的第二端的电压是否符合第三约束关系；若确定是，闭合主负开关模块，断开主负预充模块。本实施例不限制实现放电过程的分级预充中，对主负开关模块和充电开关模块的控制顺序。
不难发现，本实施例为与参照图6-10描述的实施例相对应的方法实施例，因此本实施例可与参照图6-10描述的实施例互相配合实施。参照图6-10描述的实施例中提到的相关技术细节在本实施例中依然有效，在参照图6-10描述的实施例中所能达到的技术效果在本实施例中也同样可以实现，为了减少重复，这里不再赘述。相应地，本实施例中提到的相关技术细节也可应用在第二实施例中。
本领域的普通技术人员可以理解，上述各实施例是实现本申请的具体实施例，而在实际应用中，可以在形式上和细节上对其作各种改变，而不偏离本申请的精神和范围。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种高压电池组的预充电路，其中，包括：高压电池组、主正开关模块、主正预充模块、充电开关模块、充电预充模块、主负开关模块和控制模块；
    所述高压电池组的正极分别与所述主正开关模块的第一端和所述充电开关模块的第一端连接，所述高压电池组的负极与所述主负开关模块的第一端连接；所述主正开关模块的第二端与所述预充电路的主正连接端连接，所述充电开关模块的第二端与所述预充电路的充电连接端连接，所述主负开关模块的第二端与所述预充电路的主负连接端连接；所述主正预充模块与所述主正开关模块并联，所述充电预充模块与所述充电开关模块并联；
    在充电过程中，所述控制模块控制所述充电预充模块闭合，检测所述充电开关模块的第一端的电压和所述充电开关模块的第二端的电压，在确定所述充电开关模块的第一端的电压和所述充电开关模块的第二端的电压符合第一约束关系后，闭合所述充电开关模块，断开所述充电预充模块；
    在放电过程中，所述控制模块控制所述主正预充模块闭合，检测所述主正开关模块的第一端的电压和所述主正开关模块的第二端的电压，在确定所述主正开关模块的第一端的电压和所述主正开关模块的第二端的电压符合第二约束关系后，闭合所述主正开关模块，断开所述主正预充模块。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的高压电池组的预充电路，其中，所述高压电池组的预充电路还包括主负预充模块，所述主负预充模块与所述主负开关模块并联。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的高压电池组的预充电路，其中，所述充电预充模块包括充电预充开关和第一电阻网络，所述充电预充开关和所述第一电阻网 络串联；所述主正预充模块包括主正预充开关和第二电阻网络，所述主正预充开关和所述第二电阻网络串联。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的高压电池组的预充电路，其中，所述主负预充模块包括主负预充开关和第三电阻网络，所述主负预充开关和所述第三电阻网络串联。
  5. 如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的高压电池组的预充电路，其中，所述高压电池组的预充电路还包括第一电流检测模块；
    所述充电开关模块的第二端通过所述第一电流检测模块与所述充电连接端连接，所述第一电流检测模块与所述控制模块连接；所述控制模块在确定所述第一电流检测模块检测得到的电流值超过第一阈值时，上报过流故障。
  6. 如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的高压电池组的预充电路，其中，所述高压电池组的预充电路还包括第二电流检测模块；
    所述主正开关模块的第二端通过所述第二电流检测模块与所述主正连接端连接，所述第二电流检测模块与所述控制模块连接；所述控制模块在确定所述第二电流检测模块检测得到的电流值超过第二阈值时，上报过流故障。
  7. 如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的高压电池组的预充电路，其中，所述高压电池组的预充电路还包括第三电流检测模块；
    所述主负开关模块的第二端通过所述第三电流检测模块与所述主负连接端连接；所述第三电流检测模块与所述控制模块连接；
    在充电过程中，所述控制模块在确定所述第三电流检测模块检测得到的电流值超过第一阈值时，上报过流故障；
    在放电过程中，所述控制模块在确定所述第三电流检测模块检测得到的电流值超过第二阈值时，上报过流故障。
  8. 如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的高压电池组的预充电路，其中，所述高压电池组的预充电路还包括充电模块和放电模块；
    所述充电模块的第一端与所述充电连接端连接，所述充电模块的第二端与所述主负连接端连接，所述放电模块的第一端与所述主正连接端连接，所述放电模块的第二端与所述主负连接端连接。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的高压电池组的预充电路，其中，所述放电模块包括N个负载子模块，所述高压电池组的预充电路还包括N个第四电流检测模块，所述N个负载子模块与所述N个第四电流检测模块一一对应；其中，每个所述负载子模块的第一端通过负载开关与对应的第四电流检测模块的第二端连接，所述第四电流检测模块的第一端均与所述主正连接端连接，每个所述负载子模块的第二端均与所述主负连接端连接；每个所述第四电流检测模块分别与所述控制模块连接；所述控制模块在放电过程中，在确定第四电流检测模块检测得到的电流值超过第三阈值时，上报过流故障；N为正整数。
  10. 一种高压电池组的预充方法，其中，应用于权利要求1所述的高压电池组的预充电路，包括：
    在充电过程中，控制充电预充模块闭合；
    检测充电开关模块的第一端的电压和所述充电开关模块的第二端的电压；
    判断所述充电开关模块的第一端的电压和所述充电开关模块的第二端的电压是否符合第一约束关系；
    若确定是，闭合所述充电开关模块，断开所述充电预充模块；
    在放电过程中，控制主正预充模块闭合；
    检测主正开关模块的第一端的电压和所述主正开关模块的第二端的电压；
    判断所述主正开关模块的第一端的电压和所述主正开关模块的第二端的电压是否符合第二约束关系；
    若确定是，闭合所述主正开关模块，断开所述主正预充模块。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的预充方法，其中，在所述控制充电预充模块闭合之前，或，所述控制主正预充模块闭合之前，所述预充方法还包括：
    闭合主负开关模块。
  12. 如权利要求10或11所述的预充方法，其中，所述高压电池组的预充电路还包括主负预充模块，所述主负预充模块与所述主负开关模块并联；
    在充电过程中，
    在所述检测充电开关模块的第一端的电压和所述充电开关模块的第二端的电压之前，所述预充方法还包括：控制所述主负预充模块闭合；检测所述主负开关模块的第一端的电压和所述主负开关模块的第二端的电压；判断所述主负开关模块的第一端的电压和所述主负开关模块的第二端的电压是否符合第三约束关系；若确定是，闭合所述主负开关模块，断开所述主负预充模块；
    在放电过程中，
    在所述检测主正开关模块的第一端的电压和所述主正开关模块的第二端的电压之前，所述预充方法还包括：控制所述主负预充模块闭合；检测所述主负开关模块的第一端的电压和所述主负开关模块的第二端的电压；判断所述主负开关模块的第一端的电压和所述主负开关模块的第二端的电压是否符合第三约束关系；若确定是，闭合所述主负开关模块，断开所述主负预充模块。
  13. 如权利要求10或11所述的预充方法，其中，所述高压电池组的预充电路还包括主负预充模块，所述主负预充模块与所述主负开关模块并联；
    在充电过程中，
    在所述检测充电开关模块的第一端的电压和所述充电开关模块的第二端的电压之前，所述预充方法还包括：控制所述主负预充模块闭合；
    在所述闭合所述充电开关模块，断开所述充电预充模块之后，所述预充方法还包括：检测所述主负开关模块的第一端的电压和所述主负开关模块的第二端的电压；判断所述主负开关模块的第一端的电压和所述主负开关模块的第二端的电压是否符合第三约束关系；若确定是，闭合所述主负开关模块，断开所述主负预充模块；
    在放电过程中，
    在所述检测主正开关模块的第一端的电压和所述主正开关模块的第二端的电压之前，所述预充方法还包括：控制所述主负预充模块闭合；
    在所述闭合所述主正开关模块，断开所述主正预充模块之后，所述预充方法还包括：检测所述主负开关模块的第一端的电压和所述主负开关模块的第二端的电压；判断所述主负开关模块的第一端的电压和所述主负开关模块的第二端的电压是否符合第三约束关系；若确定是，闭合所述主负开关模块，断开所述主负预充模块。
  14. 如权利要求10至13中任一项所述的预充方法，其中，在所述控制充电预充模块闭合，或，所述控制主正预充模块闭合之前，所述预充方法还包括：
    确定高压电池组的绝缘阻值是否符合预设要求，并且在确定所述高压电池组的绝缘阻值符合预设要求的情况下，控制所述充电预充模块闭合或者控制所述主正预充模块闭合。
  15. 如权利要求10至13中任一项所述的预充方法，其中，所述高压电池组的预充电路还包括第一电流检测模块；
    所述充电开关模块的第二端通过所述第一电流检测模块与所述充电连接端连接，所述第一电流检测模块与所述控制模块连接；
    在充电过程中，在所述闭合所述充电开关模块，断开所述充电预充模块之后，所述预充方法还包括：在确定所述第一电流检测模块检测得到的电流值超过第一阈值时，上报过流故障。
  16. 如权利要求10至13中任一项所述的预充方法，其中，所述高压电池组的预充电路还包括第二电流检测模块；所述主正开关模块的第二端通过所述第二电流检测模块与所述主正连接端连接，所述第二电流检测模块与所述控制模块连接；
    在放电过程中，在所述闭合所述主正开关模块，断开所述主正预充模块之后，所述预充方法还包括：在确定所述第二电流检测模块检测得到的电流值超过第二阈值时，上报过流故障。
  17. 如权利要求10至13中任一项所述的预充方法，其中，所述高压电池组的预充电路还包括第三电流检测模块；
    所述主负开关模块的第二端通过所述第三电流检测模块与所述主负连接端连接；所述第三电流检测模块与所述控制模块连接；
    在充电过程中，在所述闭合所述充电开关模块，断开所述充电预充模块之后，所述预充方法还包括：在确定所述第三电流检测模块检测得到的电流值超过第一阈值时，上报过流故障；
    在放电过程中，在所述闭合所述主正开关模块，断开所述主正预充模块之后，所述预充方法还包括：在确定所述第三电流检测模块检测得到的电流值超过第二阈值时，上报过流故障。
  18. 如权利要求10至13中任一项所述的预充方法，其中，所述高压电池组的预充电路还包括放电模块和N个第四电流检测模块，所述放电模块包括N个负载子模块，所述N个负载子模块与所述N个第四电流检测模块一一对应；
    每个所述负载子模块的第一端通过负载开关与对应的第四电流检测模块的第二端连接，所述第四电流检测模块的第一端均与所述主正连接端连接，每个所述负载子模块的第二端均与所述主负连接端连接；每个所述第四电流检测模块分别与所述控制模块连接；
    在放电过程中，在所述闭合所述主正开关模块，断开所述主正预充模块之后，所述预充方法还包括：在确定第四电流检测模块检测得到的电流值超过第三阈值时，上报过流故障。
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