WO2020151259A1 - 可定向模拟深海中壳型结构物与海床动力碰撞试验装置 - Google Patents

可定向模拟深海中壳型结构物与海床动力碰撞试验装置 Download PDF

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WO2020151259A1
WO2020151259A1 PCT/CN2019/110634 CN2019110634W WO2020151259A1 WO 2020151259 A1 WO2020151259 A1 WO 2020151259A1 CN 2019110634 W CN2019110634 W CN 2019110634W WO 2020151259 A1 WO2020151259 A1 WO 2020151259A1
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shell structure
shell
deep
sea
seabed
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French (fr)
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王立忠
芮圣洁
国振
李玲玲
张皓杰
朱从博
李艺隆
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Zhejiang University
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Zhejiang University
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Priority to US16/766,281 priority Critical patent/US11346746B2/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M10/00—Hydrodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on ship-testing tanks or water tunnels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
    • G01M7/08—Shock-testing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a test device, in particular to a directional dynamic collision test device for simulating a deep-sea mid-shell structure and a seabed.
  • the deep-sea high-pressure environment is simulated by a centrifuge and a high-pressure water pump, and the launching device is adjusted to make the shell-shaped structure It can collide with the soil at the estimated position to obtain the running speed, acceleration and trajectory of the shell structure. At the same time, it can collect the strain change of the shell structure when the shell structure collides with the soil to evaluate the shell structure The safety of things.
  • Deep diving technology is a necessary means for ocean development. It is a complete system composed of deep submersibles, working mother ships (surface support ships) and land bases. Deep submersibles are a key part of it. At present, international submersibles can generally dive to a depth of 6 kilometers. The submersibles are subject to huge compressive stress. When they collide with the seabed, they are prone to structural buckling and instability, causing catastrophic consequences. At present, the strength test of the submersible structure is usually carried out in a high-pressure environment, which is generally static loading, and does not involve the collision problem with the structure. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a model that can simulate the dynamic collision of the submersible and the seabed under ultra-high pressure Test device.
  • the present invention proposes a dynamic collision test device for directional simulation of deep-sea mid-shell structures and seabeds.
  • the deep-sea high-pressure environment is simulated by centrifuges and high-pressure water pumps, and the launcher can be adjusted so that the shell-shaped structures can be oriented at an estimated position When colliding with the soil, obtain the running speed, acceleration and trajectory of the shell structure. At the same time, collect the strain change of the shell structure when the shell structure collides with the soil to evaluate the safety of the shell structure.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a directional simulation deep-sea mid-shell structure and seabed dynamic collision test device in view of the deficiencies of the prior art.
  • the device is set in a geotechnical centrifuge for experiments in a supergravity environment to simulate a deep-sea environment
  • the high-pressure water pump device is superimposed to create a deep-sea high-pressure environment.
  • the direction of the launching device is adjusted by the universal shaft to control the collision position of the capsule-shaped shell structure with the soil for directional collision.
  • the high-speed camera is used to capture the entire experimental process. Strain and acceleration sensors collect experimental data.
  • the invention simulates the running speed, acceleration and running trajectory when the deep sea shell structure is incident in different directions, and the specific position collides with the surface of the seabed soil, and obtains the strain change of the shell structure during the collision, and the soil after the collision The stiffness change of the body.
  • a directional simulation deep-sea mid-shell structure and seabed dynamic collision test device including a closed steel tank tank, launcher, high-pressure water pump device, high-speed camera, sensor system, data acquisition and control system; steel tank tank is placed In the geotechnical centrifuge, the high-pressure water pump device is passed into the steel tank water tank through the water injection pipe, and the pressure gauge and flow meter are installed on the water injection pipe. The soil is laid in the steel tank water tank.
  • the launching device includes a guide rod, a launching device fixing slot, and ejection. The guide rod, glass fiber rope, electric reel, and titanium alloy capsule-shaped shell structure.
  • the guide rod is connected to the bottom surface of the steel tank through a universal rotating shaft, and the other end is connected to the fixing groove of the launcher.
  • the guide rod is fixed with an electric The reel, the shell-shaped structure is put on the guide rod, and is connected with the electric reel through the glass fiber rope.
  • the ejector is fixed in the fixing slot of the launcher.
  • the launcher can eject the shell-shaped structure through the ejector.
  • the high-speed camera uses the observation window to take pictures and record the movement trajectory of the shell structure during the experiment.
  • the sensor system is used to detect the data to be measured in the device and is transmitted to the data acquisition and control system by wireless transmission. ,
  • the data acquisition and control system is used to process and analyze data.
  • the opening of the steel tank water tank is provided with a water tank fixing flange, and the top cover of the water tank is tightly pressed by a high-strength bolt and the water tank fixing flange.
  • the entire experimental water tank is used to simulate the deep-sea high-pressure environment. Therefore, the tightness of the water tank is extremely high.
  • the steel frame of the water tank is composed of steel.
  • the observation window adopts high-strength glass plate.
  • high-strength bolts tightly compress the tank top cover and the tank fixing flange to ensure that the mechanism can withstand the high pressure generated during the experiment. It needs to be sealed with foam rubber to avoid experimental errors and affect the accuracy of the test.
  • a fixed steel block for the rotating shaft can be arranged in the soil at the bottom of the water steel tank tank to install the universal rotating shaft ,
  • the universal shaft can rotate the shaft 360 degrees to a certain direction, and keep it fixed, so as to ensure that the shell structure collides with the bottom soil at the predicted position of the test.
  • the soil at the bottom of the steel box can be selected from sand, rock, clay, etc., and the slope of the soil can be set, such as a flat soil surface or Tilt the soil surface to test.
  • the sensor system includes a three-axis acceleration sensor, a strain rosette, an inclinometer on a shell-shaped structure, and an acceleration sensor and a bending element in the soil; the three-axis acceleration sensor is arranged at the front of the shell-shaped structure
  • the top is used to continuously collect the acceleration of the shell structure in three directions during the test in real time during the test.
  • the signal is transmitted to the data acquisition and control system through the data transmission port through the data line.
  • the acceleration signal can be integrated Obtain speed and displacement signals.
  • 4 strain gauges are arranged symmetrically along the axial axis of the shell structure, and each strain gauge consists of three strain gauges.
  • the inclinometer can measure the change of the inclination angle of the shell structure during the test, and can roughly determine the collision position.
  • the bending element is arranged in the soil inside the water tank to obtain the change in the stiffness of the soil when the shell structure collides.
  • the acceleration sensor in the soil is used to obtain the acceleration generated by the soil when the shell structure collides with the soil.
  • the data transmission line of the sensor is connected to the data acquisition and processing device through the data transmission port on the top plate of the water tank.
  • a high-speed camera is arranged in front of the observation window on the front of the steel box to photograph the running track of the shell structure during the experiment.
  • the high-speed camera photography frequency is generally as high as the recording speed of 1,000 to 10,000 frames per second, which can clearly depict the entire experiment procedure.
  • This device is set in a geotechnical centrifuge for experiments.
  • the high-gravity environment can meet the requirements of simulating the deep-sea environment, and the high-pressure water pump device creates a deep-sea environment of about 40Mpa in the steel tank tank through the water injection pipe.
  • observation windows can be set on the front, upper and right sides of the sink, and high-strength glass plates can be used.
  • the launch device that controls the shell structure can ensure that the shell structure can hit the soil at the bottom of the steel box in a specified direction and at a specific location.
  • the tail of the shell structure and the launching device are connected with a lightweight high-strength glass fiber rope, and the electric reel can be controlled by the switch at the end of a launch. Tighten the lightweight and high-strength glass fiber rope, and use the launcher fixing groove to capture the shell structure and prepare for the next test.
  • the present invention can accurately simulate and restore the deep-sea high-pressure environment through the high-pressure water pump, simulate the problem of the dynamic collision between the orientation of the deep-sea mid-shell structure and the seabed, and pay attention to the maintenance of sealing.
  • Shell-shaped structures can adjust the collision position, and the structural safety of shell-shaped structures can be studied by colliding the theoretically weakest position with the seabed.
  • the present invention can carry out multiple tests by pulling the shell-shaped structure with light-weight and high-strength glass fiber rope, using a universal shaft to adjust the angle direction of the shell-shaped structure when it is ejected, and can change the type of soil at the bottom of the steel box. , Such as rock, sand, clay, to study the collision of shell-type structures under different seabed conditions.
  • acceleration sensors and strain gauges are used to collect and analyze the movement data of the shell-shaped structure during the experiment, and a high-speed camera is used to record the entire experiment process.
  • Figure 1 is a front view of a specific test device of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a right side view of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a top view of section 1-1 in Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a collision diagram of a shell structure after launch
  • FIG. 5 is a detailed schematic diagram of the launching device
  • the invention is a directional dynamic collision test device for simulating a deep-sea mid-shell structure and seabed, which is set in a geotechnical centrifuge for experiments.
  • a supergravity environment can meet the requirements of simulating the deep-sea environment, and the high-pressure water pump device is superimposed to create deep sea
  • the direction of the launcher is adjusted by the universal shaft to control the collision position between the titanium alloy capsule shell structure and the soil, and the high-speed camera is used to capture the entire experiment process and the strain and acceleration sensors to collect the experimental data .
  • the invention simulates the running speed, acceleration and running trajectory of deep-sea shell structures (such as deep submersibles) incident from different designated directions when they collide with the surface of the seabed soil at a specific position, and obtains the shell shape during collision The strain change of the structure and the stiffness change of the soil after the collision.
  • deep-sea shell structures such as deep submersibles
  • This device is set up in a geotechnical centrifuge for experiments.
  • a super-gravity environment can be used to simulate the deep-sea environment.
  • the high-pressure water pump device 8 creates a deep-sea environment of about 40Mpa in the steel tank 2 through the water injection pipe 11.
  • the pressure gauge 9 and flow rate are used.
  • the meter 10 monitors the high-pressure water pump device 8.
  • an observation window 3 is set on the front, upper and right sides of the water tank, and high-strength glass plates are used.
  • the launching device for controlling the shell structure includes a guide rod 17, a launching device fixing groove 18, an ejector 19, a lightweight and high-strength glass fiber rope 23, an electric reel 24, and a titanium alloy capsule-shaped shell structure 21. It is ensured that the titanium alloy shell-shaped structure 21 can collide with the soil 14 at the bottom of the steel box at a specific position in a specified direction.
  • the high-speed camera 26 continuously takes pictures at a very high frequency and records the movement trajectory of the shell structure throughout the experiment.
  • the sensor system is used to detect the data to be tested in the device, and is transmitted to the data acquisition and control system by wireless transmission, and the data acquisition and control system is used to process and analyze the data.
  • the entire experimental water tank is used to simulate the deep-sea high-pressure environment, so the tightness of the water tank is extremely high.
  • the steel tank water tank 2 made of steel is used. Observation windows 3 are opened on the front, upper and right sides of the water tank, and high-strength glass panels are used.
  • the steel tank water tank 2 is tightly pressed by the high-strength bolts 7 on the tank top cover 6 and the tank fixing flange 12 to ensure that the mechanism can withstand the high pressure generated during the experiment. It needs to be sealed with foam rubber to avoid experimental errors. , Affecting the accuracy of the test.
  • a shaft fixing steel block 15 is arranged in the soil at the bottom of the sink for the installation of a universal shaft 16, a universal shaft
  • the rotating shaft can be rotated 360 degrees to a certain direction and kept fixed to ensure that the shell-shaped structure collides with the bottom soil at the predicted position of the test.
  • the soil 14 at the bottom of the steel box can be selected from sand, rock, clay, etc., and the slope of the soil can be set, such as a flat soil surface or a slope Test the soil surface.
  • the sensor system includes a three-axis acceleration sensor 25, a strain gauge 20, an inclinometer 22 on a shell-shaped structure, and an acceleration sensor 13 and a bending element 1 in the soil; the three-axis acceleration sensor 25 is arranged in front of the shell-shaped structure 21
  • the top of the part is used to continuously collect the acceleration of the shell structure in three directions during the test in real time during the test.
  • the signal is transmitted to the data acquisition and control system through the data transmission port through the data line, and the acceleration signal is integrated Speed and displacement signals can be obtained.
  • 4 strain gauges are arranged symmetrically along the axis of the shell structure, and each strain gauge consists of three strain gauges.
  • the inclinometer 22 can measure the change of the inclination angle of the shell structure during the test, and can roughly determine the collision position.
  • the bending element 1 is arranged in the soil inside the water tank to obtain the change in the stiffness of the soil when the shell structure collides.
  • the acceleration sensor 13 in the soil is used to obtain the acceleration generated by the soil when the shell structure collides with the soil.
  • the data transmission line of the sensor is connected to the data acquisition and processing device through the data transmission port 5 on the top plate of the upper part of the water tank.
  • a high-speed camera 26 is arranged in front of the observation window on the front of the steel box to capture the running track of the shell structure during the experiment.
  • the high-speed camera photography frequency is generally as high as the recording speed of 1,000 to 10,000 frames per second, which can clearly describe the entire experimental process. .

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
  • Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种可定向模拟深海中壳型结构物与海床动力碰撞试验装置，包括发射装置、高压水泵装置（8）、高速摄像机（26）、传感器系统、数据采集及控制系统等。该装置设置在土工离心机中实验，超重力环境以达到模拟深海环境的要求，并通过高压水泵装置（8）叠加创造深海高压环境，通过万向转轴（16）调整发射装置的方向，从而控制壳型结构物（21）从指定方向发射，与土体（14）在预定位置进行定向碰撞，并且采用高速摄像机（26）拍摄整个实验过程和应变和加速度传感器采集实验数据。其模拟了深海壳型结构物不同方向入射时，特定的位置与海底土体表面碰撞时的运行速度、加速度和运行轨迹情况，并且获得碰撞时壳型结构物的应变变化，以及碰撞后土体发生的刚度变化。

Description

可定向模拟深海中壳型结构物与海床动力碰撞试验装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种试验装置，尤其涉及一种用于模拟深海中壳型结构物与海床定向动力碰撞试验装置，通过离心机与高压水泵模拟了深海高压环境，调整发射装置使壳型结构物能够以预估的位置定向碰撞土体，获得壳型结构物的运行速度、加速度和运行轨迹等情况，同时采集壳型结构物碰撞土体时壳型结构物的应变变化，以评估壳型结构物的安全性。
背景技术
海洋约占地球表面积的71％，深底蕴藏着丰富的石油、重金属以及其他资源，各个国家都在尝试着进行深海资源开发的技术攻关。我国也明确提出建设海洋强国，突破海洋资源开发利用的技术难题。
深潜技术是进行海洋开发的必要手段，它是由深潜器、工作母船(水面支援船)和陆上基地所组成的一个完整的系统，深潜器是其关键部份。目前国际上的潜水器一般能够下潜至6千米水深，潜水器承受着巨大的压应力，在与海床发生碰撞时极易发生结构屈曲失稳，造成灾难性后果。目前对于潜水器结构受力一般利用高压环境进行强度测试，一般是静态的加载，未涉及到与结构物的碰撞问题，因此亟需开发出能够模拟超高压力条件下潜水器与海床动力碰撞的试验装置。
本发明提出了可定向模拟深海中壳型结构物与海床动力碰撞试验装置，通过离心机与高压水泵模拟了深海高压环境，而且能够调整 发射装置使壳型结构物能够以预估的位置定向碰撞土体，获得壳型结构物的运行速度、加速度和运行轨迹等情况，同时采集壳型结构物碰撞土体时壳型结构物的应变变化，以评估壳型结构物的安全性。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足，提供一种可定向模拟深海中壳型结构物与海床动力碰撞试验装置，该装置设置在土工离心机中实验，超重力环境以达到模拟深海环境的要求，并通过高压水泵装置叠加创造深海高压环境，通过万向转轴调整发射装置的方向控制胶囊型壳型结构物与土体的碰撞位置进行定向碰撞，并且采用高速摄像机拍摄整个实验过程，采用应变和加速度传感器采集实验数据。本发明模拟了深海壳型结构物不同方向入射时，特定的位置与海底土体表面碰撞时的运行速度、加速度和运行轨迹情况，并且获得碰撞时壳型结构物的应变变化，以及碰撞后土体发生的刚度变化。
本发明采取以下技术方案：
一种可定向模拟深海中壳型结构物与海床动力碰撞试验装置，包括密闭的钢箱水槽、发射装置、高压水泵装置、高速摄像机、传感器系统、数据采集及控制系统；钢箱水槽置于土工离心机中，高压水泵装置通过注水管通入钢箱水槽中，注水管上安装有压力计和流量计，在钢箱水槽内铺设土体，发射装置包括导向杆、发射装置固定槽、弹射器、玻璃纤维绳、电动卷线轴、及钛合金胶囊型的壳型结构物，导向杆一端通过万向转轴与钢箱水槽底面连接，另一端与发射装置固定槽连接，导向杆上固定有电动卷线轴，壳型结构物穿置于导向杆上， 通过玻璃纤维绳与电动卷线轴连接，弹射器固定于发射装置固定槽内，发射装置可通过弹射器将壳型结构物弹出，在钢箱水槽上设有观察窗口，高速摄像机通过观察窗口拍照记录实验过程中壳型结构物运动轨迹，传感器系统用于检测装置中的待测数据，并采用无线传输的方式传输至数据采集及控制系统中，数据采集及控制系统用于处理分析数据。
上述技术方案中，所述的钢箱水槽开口处设置有水槽固定法兰盘，水槽顶盖通过高强度螺栓和水槽固定法兰盘紧密压紧。整个实验水箱用于模拟深海高压环境因此对于水箱的密闭性要求极高，采用钢构成水箱的钢箱骨架，同时为了便于观察实验中壳型结构物的运行，将水槽的正面，上面及右面的观察窗口采用高强度玻璃板。此外，由高强度螺栓将水槽顶盖和水槽固定法兰盘紧密的压紧，保证机构能够承受实验过程中产生的高压，需采用泡沫胶等进行封闭以免造成实验误差，影响试验准确性。
优选的，为使钛合金壳型结构物能够以指定的方向在特定的胶囊位置碰撞钢箱底部土体，可在水钢箱槽底部的土体中布置转轴固定钢块用于安装万向转轴，万向转轴可以360度旋转转轴至确定方向，并保持固定，从而保证壳型结构物以试验预估位置碰撞底部土体。
优选的，为更详细的区分壳型结构物在不同环境下的碰撞情形，钢箱底部土体可以选用砂土、岩石、黏土等，并且可以设置土体的倾斜度，例如平坦土体表面或倾斜土体表面进行试验。
优选的，所述的传感器系统包括壳型结构物上的三轴加速度传感 器、应变花、倾角仪，以及土体中的加速度传感器、弯曲元；三轴加速度传感器布置于壳型结构物的前部顶端，用于在试验过程中实时连续不断的采集试验过程中壳型结构物的运动三个方向运动加速度，信号通过数据线穿过数据传输口传输到数据采集和控制系统，加速度信号通过积分可以获得速度以及位移信号。壳型结构物在与底部土体碰撞的过程中结构应变局部应变会发生变化，因此沿壳型结构物的轴向轴对称布置4个应变花，每个应变花由三个应变片依次呈45度角扇形排列。倾角仪可以测量在试验过程中壳型结构物倾角的变化，可以大致确定碰撞位置。弯曲元布置在水槽内部的土体中，用于在壳型结构物碰撞时获得土体刚度的变化。土中的加速度传感器用于获得壳型结构物碰撞到土体时土体所产生的加速度。其中传感器的数据传输线通过水槽上部顶板的数据传输口连接至数据采集及处理装置。
优选的，在钢箱正面的观察窗前布置高速摄像机用于在实验过程中拍摄壳型结构物的运行轨迹，高速摄像机摄影频率一般高达每秒1000～10000帧的记录速度，可以清楚地描绘整个实验过程。
本装置设置在土工离心机中实验，超重力环境以达到模拟深海环境的要求，并且高压水泵装置通过注水管实现在钢箱水槽中创造约40Mpa的深海环境，采用压力计和流量计对高压水泵进行监测，同时为了能够清楚地拍摄到实验过程中壳型结构物的运行，可以将水槽的正面、上面及右面均设置观察窗口，采用高强度玻璃板。控制壳型结构物的发射装置可保证壳型结构物能够以指定的方向在特定的位置碰撞钢箱底部土体。为了便于重复试验，避免多次打开钢箱口进行操 作，采用轻质高强度玻璃纤维绳将壳型结构物的尾部和发射装置连接在一起，可以在一次发射结束通过开关控制电动卷线轴后收紧轻质高强度玻璃纤维绳，用发射装置固定槽捕捉壳型结构物重新准备下次试验。
本发明具有以下特点：
1.本发明可以准确地通过高压水泵模拟还原深海高压环境，模拟深海中壳型结构物定向与海床的动力碰撞的问题，并且注重密封性的保持。
2.壳型结构物可以调整碰撞的位置，通过将理论上最薄弱的位置与海床碰撞，研究壳型结构物的结构安全性。
3.本发明可以通过轻质高强度玻璃纤维绳牵拉壳型结构物复位进行多次试验，采用万向转轴调整壳型结构物射出时的角度方向，同时可以改变钢箱底部土体的类型，例如岩石、砂土、黏土来研究不同海床条件下壳型结构物碰撞的情况。
4.本发明中采用加速度传感器和应变片采集实验过程中壳型结构物的运动数据进行分析，并且用高速摄像机记录整个试验过程。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种具体试验装置的主视图；
图2为图1的右视图；
图3为图1中1-1截面俯视图；
图4为壳型结构物发射后碰撞图；
图5为发射装置细部示意图；
其中，1.弯曲元、2.钢箱水槽、3.观察窗口、4.控制电线、5.数据传输口、6.水槽顶盖、7.高强度螺栓、8.高压水泵装置、9.压力计、10.流量计、11.注水管、12.水槽固定法兰、13.加速度传感器、14.土体、15.转轴固定钢块、16.万向转轴、17.导向杆、18.发射装置固定槽、19.弹射器、20.应变花、21.壳型结构物、22.倾角仪、23.玻璃纤维绳、24.电动卷线轴、25.三轴加速度传感器、26.高速摄像机。
具体实施方式
本发明的一种用于模拟深海中壳型结构物与海床定向动力碰撞试验装置，设置在土工离心机中实验，超重力环境以达到模拟深海环境的要求，并通过高压水泵装置叠加创造深海高压环境，通过万向转轴调整发射装置的方向控制钛合金材质的胶囊型的壳型结构物与土体的碰撞位置进行定向碰撞，并且采用高速摄像机拍摄整个实验过程和应变和加速度传感器采集实验数据。本发明模拟了深海壳型结构物(如深潜器)从不同的指定方向入射后，在特定的位置与海底土体表面碰撞时的运行速度、加速度和运行轨迹情况，并且获得碰撞时壳型结构物的应变变化，以及碰撞后土体发生的刚度变化。
具体的，如图1～5所示，一种具体的实施方案如下：
本装置设置在土工离心机中实验，超重力环境以达到模拟深海环境的要求，并且高压水泵装置8通过注水管11实现在钢箱水槽2中创造约40Mpa的深海环境，采用压力计9和流量计10对高压水泵装置8进行监测，同时为了能够清楚地拍摄到实验过程中壳型结构物的运行将水槽的正面，上面及右面均设观察窗口3，采用高强度玻璃板。 控制壳型结构物的发射装置包括导向杆17、发射装置固定槽18、弹射器19、轻质高强度玻璃纤维绳23、电动卷线轴24、及钛合金胶囊型的壳型结构物21，可保证钛合金壳型结构物21能够以指定的方向在特定的位置碰撞钢箱底部土体14。高速摄像机26以很高的频率连续拍照记录整个实验过程中壳型结构物运轨迹。传感器系统用于检测装置中的待测数据，并采用无线传输的方式传输至数据采集及控制系统中，数据采集及控制系统用于处理分析数据。
整个实验水箱用于模拟深海高压环境因此对于水箱的密闭性要求极高，采用钢构成水箱的钢箱水槽2，在水槽的正面，上面及右面开设观察窗口3，采用高强度玻璃板。此外，钢箱水槽2由高强度螺栓7将水槽顶盖6和水槽固定法兰盘12紧密的压紧，保证机构能够承受实验过程中产生的高压，需采用泡沫胶等进行封闭以免造成实验误差，影响试验准确性。
为使钛合金壳型结构物21能够以指定的方向在特定的位置碰撞钢箱底部土体14，在水槽底部的土体中布置转轴固定钢块15用于安装万向转轴16，万向转轴可以360度旋转转轴至确定方向，并保持固定，从而保证壳型结构物以试验预估位置碰撞底部土体。
为更详细的区分壳型结构物21在不同环境下的碰撞情形，钢箱底部土体14可以选用砂土、岩石、黏土等，并且可以设置土体的倾斜度，例如平坦土体表面或倾斜土体表面进行试验。
传感器系统包括壳型结构物上的三轴加速度传感器25、应变花20、倾角仪22，以及土体中的加速度传感器13、弯曲元1；三轴加 速度传感器25布置于壳型结构物21的前部顶端，用于在试验过程中实时连续不断的采集试验过程中壳型结构物的运动三个方向运动加速度，信号通过数据线穿过数据传输口传输到数据采集和控制系统，加速度信号通过积分可以获得速度以及位移信号。壳型结构物21在与底部土体碰撞的过程中结构应变局部应变会发生变化，因此沿壳型结构物的轴向轴对称布置4个应变花，每个应变花由三个应变片依次呈45度角扇形排列。倾角仪22可以测量在试验过程中壳型结构物倾角的变化，可以大致确定碰撞位置。弯曲元1布置在水槽内部的土体中，用于在壳型结构物碰撞时获得土体刚度的变化。土中的加速度传感器13用于获得壳型结构物碰撞到土体时土体所产生的加速度。其中传感器的数据传输线通过水槽上部顶板的数据传输口5连接至数据采集及处理装置。
在钢箱正面的观察窗前布置高速摄像机26用于在实验过程中拍摄壳型结构物的运行轨迹，高速摄像机摄影频率一般高达每秒1000～10000帧的记录速度，可以清楚地描绘整个实验过程。
下面以在砂土中进行碰撞试验为例，简述采用本发明上述实施例装置的一种具体试验过程：
1.将试验用砂土铺设在钢箱底部，根据实验要求改变土体表面的平坦度或砂石含量。
2.安装试验部件，发射装置和万向转轴安装在钢箱底部的固定钢块，并调试良好。根据要求的壳型结构物碰撞角度调整导向杆的角度，并固定牢固。
3.布置传感器。将三轴加速度传感器安装在钛合金壳型结构物的前方顶部，并将应变花用防水胶对称粘结在壳型结构物的外侧，确定传感器的性能可用。并在土中埋设加速度传感器和弯曲元等，将数据传输线通过数据传输口引出水箱。
4.采用高强度螺栓将水槽顶板和水槽固定法兰连接，确保整个试验设备密闭不透气不透水。
5.打开高压水泵注水加压，并同时使用离心机进行试验，达到试验要求后，通过控制电动卷轴轮回收壳型结构物进行多次试验。并用数据采集装置收集实验数据
6.试验完成，减压排水，打开钢箱口回收试验装置。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种可定向模拟深海中壳型结构物与海床动力碰撞试验装置，其特征在于：包括密闭的钢箱水槽、发射装置、高压水泵装置、高速摄像机、传感器系统、数据采集及控制系统；钢箱水槽(2)置于土工离心机中，高压水泵装置(8)通过注水管(11)通入钢箱水槽(2)中，注水管(13)上安装有压力计(9)和流量计(10)，在钢箱水槽内铺设土体，发射装置包括导向杆(17)、发射装置固定槽(18)、弹射器(19)、玻璃纤维绳(23)、电动卷线轴(24)、及钛合金胶囊型的壳型结构物(21)，导向杆(17)一端通过万向转轴与钢箱水槽底面连接，另一端与发射装置固定槽(18)连接，导向杆上固定有电动卷线轴(24)，壳型结构物(21)穿置于导向杆(17)上，通过玻璃纤维绳(23)与电动卷线轴连接，在钢箱水槽上设有观察窗口(3)，高速摄像机(26)通过观察窗口拍照记录实验过程中壳型结构物运动轨迹，传感器系统用于检测装置中的待测数据，并采用无线传输的方式传输至数据采集及控制系统中，数据采集及控制系统用于处理分析数据。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的可定向模拟深海中壳型结构物与海床动力碰撞试验装置，其特征在于：所述的钢箱水槽开口处设置有水槽固定法兰盘(12)，水槽顶盖(6)通过高强度螺栓(7)和水槽固定法兰盘(12)紧密压紧。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的可定向模拟深海中壳型结构物与海床动力碰撞试验装置，其特征在于：钢箱水槽底部土体(14)可选用砂土、 岩石、黏土等，并且可以设置土体的倾斜度进行试验。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的可定向模拟深海中壳型结构物与海床动力碰撞试验装置，其特征在于：所述的传感器系统包括设置于壳型结构物上的三轴加速度传感器(25)、应变花(20)、倾角仪(22)，以及设置于土体中的加速度传感器(13)、弯曲元(1)。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的可定向模拟深海中壳型结构物与海床动力碰撞试验装置，其特征在于：所述的三轴加速度传感器(25)布置于壳型结构物(21)的前部顶端，用于在试验过程中实时并连续不断的采集壳型结构物的运动加速度。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的可定向模拟深海中壳型结构物与海床动力碰撞试验装置，其特征在于：在壳型结构物的轴向轴对称布置4个应变花，每个应变花由三个应变片依次呈45度角扇形排列。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的可定向模拟深海中壳型结构物与海床动力碰撞试验装置，其特征在于：所述的高速摄像机的摄影频率为每秒1000～10000帧。
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