WO2020143504A1 - 提高单色性和隐蔽性的反射式内红点瞄准镜光学系统、双光三色光学系统及其瞄具 - Google Patents

提高单色性和隐蔽性的反射式内红点瞄准镜光学系统、双光三色光学系统及其瞄具 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020143504A1
WO2020143504A1 PCT/CN2019/130414 CN2019130414W WO2020143504A1 WO 2020143504 A1 WO2020143504 A1 WO 2020143504A1 CN 2019130414 W CN2019130414 W CN 2019130414W WO 2020143504 A1 WO2020143504 A1 WO 2020143504A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
filter
lens
chip module
led
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PCT/CN2019/130414
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙建华
杨英姿
汪东
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西安华科光电有限公司
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Application filed by 西安华科光电有限公司 filed Critical 西安华科光电有限公司
Priority to JP2021540414A priority Critical patent/JP2022518006A/ja
Priority to US17/418,670 priority patent/US11802751B2/en
Priority to EP19908320.5A priority patent/EP3896383A4/en
Publication of WO2020143504A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020143504A1/zh
Priority to JP2022194122A priority patent/JP7454631B2/ja

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G1/00—Sighting devices
    • F41G1/06—Rearsights
    • F41G1/14—Rearsights with lens
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G1/00—Sighting devices
    • F41G1/30—Reflecting-sights specially adapted for smallarms or ordnance

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a reflection type internal red dot sight optical system, a dual-light tri-color optical system and a sight with improved monochromaticity and concealment.
  • the light emitted by the LED chip installed on the existing firearm sight is reflected by the cemented lens to form the aiming light spot.
  • the light emitting band of the LED chip is 560 ⁇ 80nm or other bands.
  • the light emitted from the LED often includes red, yellow, green, etc. Color, the light of multiple colors is reflected by the narrow-band interference filter film and the long-wave cut filter film coated on the cemented lens.
  • the light with a wavelength of 545 ⁇ 15nm and greater than 600nm is reflected into the human eye.
  • the human eye observes the target, it will There are multiple target images with overlapping colors (multi-wavelength light projects different color target images), which affects the clarity of the target, causes aiming errors, and reduces the shooting accuracy.
  • the band emitted by the LED chip The energy is very strong, easy to be noticed, expose the target, and reduce the concealment of the sight.
  • the existing inner red dot sight has a single light or a dual light or a triple light (multiple light), but it requires a corresponding number of LED chips or light emitting units or light emitting modules to realize the three-color function, resulting in large electrical power consumption and graphics Unable to switch, the installation structure is complicated, the commissioning and maintenance costs are high, and the size of the sight is also increased, which causes the carrying weight and volume to increase to varying degrees and is not portable.
  • the first objective of the present invention is to overcome the wide LED light emitting band of the existing sights, the reflection of the target image through the lens or lens group or cemented lens into the human eye, there are two or more colors and from the lens or lens group or The light energy emitted by the cemented lens is too strong to cause the problem of reduced concealment.
  • the second purpose is to overcome the problems of existing multi-optical sights, such as complex structure, weight and volume, which make the cost and not portable.
  • the present invention provides a reflective internal red dot sight optical system with improved monochromaticity and concealment, including an LED chip and a lens for reflecting the light emitted by the LED chip.
  • a narrow-band interference filter film-plated filter placed between the LED chip and the lens; the filter is used to filter out the light emitted by the LED chip in a wider band than the center wavelength and improve the light entering the human eye
  • Monochromaticity the light energy of the light emitted from the filter other than the center wavelength is weakened or cut off, the light energy of the center wavelength emitted from the filter is irradiated on the cemented reflection surface of the lens, and the cutoff center is plated on the cemented reflection surface
  • the cut-off film of the wavelength makes it difficult to find the light emitted from the lens when looking at the lens from a long distance, thereby improving the concealment of the sight.
  • the present invention provides a dual-light three-color optical system, including a green light chip module, a red light chip Modules and right-angle prisms;
  • the green light chip module and the red light chip module are arranged vertically;
  • the geometric center of the right-angle prism is set at the intersection of the outgoing rays of the green chip module and the red chip module;
  • the diagonal surface of the right-angle prism that extends along the angle bisector of the angle between the light rays emitted from the green chip module and the red chip module faces the side of the red chip module is red light
  • the side of the diagonal surface facing the green light chip module is a green light transmission film.
  • the cubic prism is formed by gluing two isosceles right-angle prisms, and the diagonal surface is a gluing surface, and one side of the gluing surface is plated with the red light total reflection film; The other side of the glued surface is plated with the green light transmission film.
  • a sight including the foregoing two-light three-color optical system includes an LED mounting seat installed at the rear end of the body, the green light chip module is installed at the front end surface of the LED mounting seat, and the red light chip module passes An LED base is installed on the front end side of the LED mounting base; the mounting plane of the LED base is perpendicular to the front end surface of the LED mounting base.
  • a two-light three-color optical system includes a green light chip module, a red light chip module, a cubic prism and a cemented lens;
  • the green light chip module and the red light chip module are arranged vertically;
  • the geometric center of the cubic prism is set at the intersection of the outgoing rays of the green chip module and the red chip module;
  • the cemented lens is arranged on the exit light path of the cubic prism
  • the cemented lens is composed of a positive lens and a negative lens, the positive lens and the negative lens are arranged in order of distance from the cubic prism from far to near; the negative lens is coated with a narrow band filter film with a center wavelength of 545 ⁇ 15 nm and a wavelength Long wave cut filter film larger than 600nm;
  • a compound film is plated on a diagonal surface of the cubic prism that extends along the angle bisector of the angle between the outgoing rays of the green chip module and the red chip module, and the compound film is used for total reflection of the red
  • the light chip module emits red light, and transmits the green light emitted by the green chip module.
  • the cubic prism is formed by gluing two isosceles right-angle prisms, and the diagonal surface is a gluing surface; the A, B, and C surfaces of the cubic prism are all coated with an anti-reflection film corresponding to the wavelength of light;
  • the A surface is two adjacent surfaces that are perpendicular to each other, and are respectively the light incident surfaces of the green chip module and the red chip module;
  • the surface B is a light exit surface of the green chip module and the red chip module after passing through the glued surface.
  • a sight with a dual-light and three-color optical system includes an LED mounting seat installed at the rear end of the body, a green light chip module is installed at the front end surface of the LED mounting seat, and the red light chip module passes through an LED base
  • the base is installed on the front end side of the LED mounting base; the mounting plane of the LED base is perpendicular to the front end surface of the LED mounting base.
  • the advantages of the present invention are: it improves the monochromaticity of the LED chip light emitted into the human eye and weakens the light energy emitted from the lens, is not easy to be found, and improves the concealment of the sight; the two emitted lights are perpendicular to each other
  • the red and green light source of the camera realizes the generation of green light, red light or yellow light through the control circuit through the prism and the total reflection film or the transmission film, which greatly reduces the number of light sources and the volume and weight of the sight.
  • Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the optical system with filters.
  • Figure 2 The wavelength curve of the light band emitted by the LED chip is 560 ⁇ 80nm.
  • Figure 3 The narrow band interference filter film is coated on the filter.
  • the wavelength band of the light that can be transmitted is 545 ⁇ 8nm, and the wavelength curve when the other bands are not transparent.
  • Figure 4 A filter with a narrow-band interference filter film placed in front of the LED, the wavelength curve of the light emitted from the filter is 545 ⁇ 8nm.
  • Figure 6 The superimposed wavelength curve of the light from the filter through the cemented lens.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a sight for a specific application example.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a filter provided near the light emitting hole of the LED chip in FIG. 7.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a two-light three-color optical system.
  • FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a sight including a dual-light three-color optical system.
  • Fig. 12 is an axial cross-sectional view of a sight including a two-light three-color optical system.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the cube prism optical path.
  • Fig. 14 is a graph of light rays with a reflection wavelength greater than 600 nm.
  • Fig. 15 is a narrow-band curve diagram of light passing through a wavelength of 545 nm.
  • FIG. 16 is a light curve diagram of the transmittance of a broadband anti-reflection film with a wavelength of 400 nm to 800 nm.
  • FIG. 17 is a graph of a narrow-band filter film with a center wavelength of 545 ⁇ 15 nm and a long-wavelength cut-off filter film with a wavelength greater than 600 nm in a negative lens of a cemented lens.
  • the target image with two or more colors and the light emitted from the lens or lens group or cemented lens are reflected into the human eye through the lens or lens group or cemented lens
  • Excessive energy is easy to be found to cause the problem of reduced concealment.
  • only the light was filtered through the reflective film of the lens, but this filtering method has the problem of the efficiency of external light entering the human eye through the lens.
  • This embodiment provides a reflective internal red dot sight optical system with improved monochromaticity and concealment as shown in FIG. 1, including an LED chip 1 and a lens for reflecting the light emitted by the LED chip 1 (LED light emitting chip) 3.
  • a narrow-band interference filter film-plated filter 2 placed between the LED chip 1 and the lens 3 is provided near the LED chip 1; the narrow-band filter 2 is used to filter out the LED chip 1 and emit a wider band than the center wavelength Band, improve the monochromaticity of the light wave entering the human eye and weaken the light energy emitted from the lens 3, thereby effectively avoiding being discovered, and thereby improving the concealment.
  • the lens 3 only needs to be coated with a cut-off film of light passing through the filter 2, In this way, the spectral cut-off range of the outside light entering the human eye through the lens 3 is small, there is no obvious color loss, and the light passing efficiency of the incident light is improved. Human eye observation is more comfortable.
  • the distance between the LED chip 1 and the filter 2 is preferably 0 to 4mm.
  • the principle and effect of adding the optical filter 2 can be described in detail with reference to FIG. 2 to FIG. 6 to facilitate understanding of the design concept and technical solution of this embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 shows that the LED chip in the prior art directly emits light (no filter is added), and the emitted light band is a wavelength curve of 560 ⁇ 80nm, and FIG. 3 is a narrow-band interference filter film coated on the filter ,
  • the wavelength band of the transmitted light is 545 ⁇ 8nm, and the wavelength curve when the rest of the band is not transparent
  • Figure 4 is the wavelength curve after the two light waves superimposed after the filter 2 is installed near the LED chip.
  • the light wave section exiting the filter 2 is 545 ⁇ 8nm, and the 545 ⁇ 8nm band will be incident on the cemented lens (lens), the wavelength range of the incident light is narrowed, and the monochromaticity is improved and ensured.
  • the effect is to weaken or filter out the light energy of the non-central wavelength light incident on the lens, thereby reducing the light energy emitted through the lens 3, thereby avoiding being easily discovered by outsiders, and improving the concealment of the sight.
  • the filter 2 When the filter 2 is not added, the light of the 560 ⁇ 80nm band emitted by the LED chip is incident on the cemented lens (lens), the band is wider, the monochromaticity is reduced, and the light energy emitted from the lens is filtered because there are no more optical devices in the middle Therefore, the spectrum of the outgoing light is wider and the energy is stronger, which is easy to be found by people looking from the direction B shown in FIG. 1, which reduces the concealment.
  • Fig. 5 shows a graph of a narrow-band filter film with a center wavelength of 545 ⁇ 15 nm and a long-wavelength cut-off filter film with a wavelength greater than 600 nm in the negative lens of the cemented lens.
  • Figure 6 shows the superimposed view of the light from the filter through the lens. From this figure, it can be seen that the narrow band of 545 ⁇ 8nm green light is reflected by the lens into the human eye, and the human eye only sees a green target image To improve monochromaticity. From the B direction, the light wave emitted by the LED in the 560 ⁇ 80nm band does not exit the lens, which improves the concealment of the sight. It should be particularly noted that the wavelength range involved in the present invention is not limited to the wavelengths exemplified above, but may be other wavelengths.
  • this embodiment provides a kind of two different sights as shown in Figures 7 and 8, which can be clearly seen in the figure, near the LED chip or its light exit hole (see figure 9)
  • the filter 2 is installed in the direction of the light path to realize the first filtering of the wavelength of the light emitted by the LED chip, and the excessively useless wavelength band light is filtered out, thereby improving the control of monochromaticity and light energy.
  • the filtered light enters the lens 3 and is reflected again to enter the human eye, that is, the A side shown in FIG. 1, due to the double filtering of the filter 2 and the lens 3, the light energy transmitted through the lens 3 is effectively reduced, thereby The human perception at B in FIG. 1 is avoided, thereby improving the concealment of the sight.
  • this embodiment provides a dual-light three-color optical system shown in FIG. 10, including a green light chip The module 4, the red chip module 5 and the cube prism 6; the green chip module 4 and the red chip module 5 are vertically arranged, the two are independent of each other, and the green or red light emitted through the control circuit is shared, and in order to The third color light is generated.
  • the cubic prism 6 and the green prism module 4 along the green prism 6 of the cubic prism 6 are disposed at the intersection of the green light module module 4 and the red light module module 5 with the geometric center
  • the diagonal surface 8 extending at an angle bisector between the angle of the light emitted from the red chip module 5 is coated with a composite film, which is used to totally reflect the red light emitted from the red chip module 5 and The green light emitted by the green light chip module 4 is transmitted, (it is not difficult to see that the composite film is formed by the total reflection of red light and the antireflection film of green light. This is a general prior art and does not do too much Introduction;) In order to realize that the red light exiting light is totally reflected 90° and parallel to the green light exiting light, all exit from the pupil of the sight shown in FIG. 11.
  • the incident surface A of the cubic prism 6 perpendicular to the light emitted by the green chip module is a narrow-band transmission film that transmits light at a wavelength of 545 nm, ensuring that green light in the desired wavelength range is emitted through the cubic prism 6 without loss .
  • the incident surface C and the exit surface B (the side opposite to the incident surface A is the exit surface B) perpendicular to the red light emitted by the red chip module 5 are plated with a broadband anti-reflection film to ensure that the red and green light pass through the cube without loss
  • the prism 3 is emitted.
  • this embodiment provides the sight shown in FIG. 11 and FIG. 12, which is mounted on the LED mount 7 at the rear end of the body 11 and the green chip module 4 is mounted at the front end of the LED mount 7
  • the red chip module 5 is mounted on the front end side of the LED mounting base 7 through an LED base 9; the mounting plane of the LED base 9 is perpendicular to the front end surface of the LED mounting base 7.
  • the cubic prism 6 involved in the foregoing embodiment is formed by gluing two isosceles right-angle prisms (including right-angle isosceles prism I and right-angle isosceles prism II), and the diagonal surface 8 is the glued surface, cubic
  • the B and C surfaces of the prism 6 are coated with a broadband anti-reflection film with a wavelength of 400 to 800 nm; among them, the adjacent surface A perpendicular to the C surface is coated with a narrow-band transmission film that transmits light at a wavelength of 545 nm, the A surface and the C surface
  • These are the light incident surfaces of the green chip module 4 and the red chip module 5, respectively; the B surface is the light exit surface of the green chip module 4 and the red chip module 5 after the diagonal surface 8 is the glued surface.
  • the C surface of the prism I enters and is reflected by the glued surface of the right angle isosceles prisms I and II, and then exits from the B surface of the right angle isosceles prism I, the light direction changes by 90°.
  • This glued surface is plated with the reflection shown in FIG. 14 Film layer with light greater than 600nm.
  • This light enters from the A surface of the right-angle isosceles prism II, which is plated as shown in FIG. 15 and can transmit 545nm ⁇ 15nm A narrow band of wavelengths passes through the film layer, and this light is emitted from the B surface of the right-angle isosceles prism I after passing through the glued surface of the right-angle isosceles prisms I and II, namely the diagonal surface 8.
  • the A and B surfaces of the right-angle isosceles prism I are coated with a broadband antireflection film having a wavelength of 400 to 800 nm as shown in FIG. 16.
  • the cemented lens 14 is composed of a positive lens and a negative lens, and the positive lens and the negative lens are arranged in the order of distance from the cubic prism 6 to the near; the negative lens is coated with a narrow-band filter having a center wavelength of 545 ⁇ 15 nm Film and a long-wave cut filter with a wavelength greater than 600nm; so that when the red and green chip modules are incident on the negative surface of the cemented lens 14, that is, the negative lens, the negative lens is coated with the narrow-band filter film and long wave shown in Figure 17
  • the cut-off filter curve reflects the light of the corresponding wavelength back to the eye's eye observation direction, so that a green pattern or a red pattern can be observed, and a yellow pattern synthesized from red and green light can also be observed. It is suitable for different aiming background environments.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
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Abstract

提高单色性和隐蔽性的反射式内红点瞄准镜光学系统、双光三色光学系统及其瞄具，包括LED芯片（1）和用以反射LED芯片（1）出射光的透镜（3），LED芯片（1）附近设置一置于LED芯片（1）和透镜（3）之间的镀窄带干涉滤光膜的滤波片（２）；该滤波片（２）用以过滤掉所述透镜（3）反射到人眼中除中心波长外较宽的波段，从而提高进入人眼光线的单色性，从远距离向胶合透镜方向看，滤波片滤掉了LED芯片（1）发出的一部分光线能量，避免出射光线能量过强被人发现，提高了瞄具的隐蔽性。通过设置的两个出射光相互垂直的红绿光源，借助棱镜及全反射膜或透射膜实现了通过控制电路实现产生绿光、红光或黄光等，大大减小了光源数量和瞄具的体积及重量。

Description

提高单色性和隐蔽性的反射式内红点瞄准镜光学系统、双光三色光学系统及其瞄具 技术领域
本发明涉及一种提高单色性和隐蔽性的反射式内红点瞄准镜光学系统、双光三色光学系统及其瞄具。
背景技术
现有的枪械瞄具上安装的LED芯片出射的光经胶合透镜反射形成瞄准光点,LED芯片发光波段为560±80nm或其它波段，从LED发出的光线往往包含红、黄、绿等多种颜色，此多种颜色的光线经胶合透镜上镀的窄带干涉滤光膜和长波截止滤光膜反射，波长545±15nm和大于600nm的光线反射进入人眼，在人眼观察瞄准物时，会出现多个颜色重叠的靶标图象(多波长光线投射出不同颜色的靶标图像)，影响靶标清晰度,引起瞄准误差,降低射击精度，同时从远距离向胶合透镜方向看,LED芯片发出的波段能量很强，易被人觉察,暴露目标，降低瞄具使用的隐蔽性。
现有的内红点瞄具有单光的也双光或三光(多光)的，但其实现三色功能的都需要相应数量的LED芯片或发光单元或发光模块，导致电功耗大，图形无法切换，安装结构复杂、调试及维护成本高，同时瞄具的体积也会增大，致使携带重量和体积均不同程度的增大，不便携。
发明内容
本发明的目的一是克服现有瞄具上LED芯片发光波段较宽，通过透镜或透镜组或胶合透镜反射进入人眼存在两种或两种以上颜色的靶标图象及从透镜或透镜组或胶合透镜射出的光线能量过强导致隐蔽性降低的问题。目的二是克服现有的多光瞄具存在的结构复杂、重量和体积偏大致使成本和不便携的问题。
为达上述目的，本发明提供了一种提高单色性和隐蔽性的反射式内红点瞄准镜光学系统，包括LED芯片和用以反射LED芯片出射光的透镜，所述LED芯片附近设置一置于所述LED芯片和透镜之间的镀窄带干涉滤光膜的滤波片；该滤波片用以过滤掉所述LED芯片发出的除中心波长外较宽波段的光线，提高进入人眼光线的单色性，从滤波片出射的除中心波长以外的光线的光能量被减弱或者截止，从滤波片出射的中心波长的光能量照射在透镜的胶合反射面上，胶合反射面上镀有截止中心波长的截止膜，从而远距离向透镜方向看，不易发现从透镜出射的光亮，进而提高了 瞄具的隐蔽性。
为了克服现有的多光瞄具存在的结构复杂、重量和体积偏大致使成本和不便携的问题，本发明提供了一种双光三色光学系统，包括绿光芯片模组、红光芯片模组和直角棱镜；
所述绿光芯片模组和红光芯片模组垂直设置；
所述直角棱镜的几何中心设置在所述绿光芯片模组和红光芯片模组的出射光线的交汇点上；
所述直角棱镜的沿所述绿光芯片模组和红光芯片模组的出射光线的夹角的角平分线延伸的对角面的朝向所述红光芯片模组的一侧镀膜为红光全反射膜，该对角面朝向所述绿光芯片模组的一侧镀膜为绿光透射膜。
所述立方棱镜由两个等腰直角棱镜胶合而成，所述对角面为胶合面，该胶合面的一面镀所述红光全反射膜；该经所述胶合面全反射后沿所述胶合面的另一面镀所述绿光透射膜。
一种含有前述双光三色光学系统的瞄具，包括安装在本体后端的LED安装座，所述绿光芯片模组安装在所述LED安装座的前端面，所述红光芯片模组通过一LED基座安装在所述LED安装座的前端一侧；该LED基座的安装平面与所述LED安装座的前端面垂直。
一种双光三色光学系统，包括绿光芯片模组、红光芯片模组、立方棱镜和胶合透镜；
所述绿光芯片模组和红光芯片模组垂直设置；
所述立方棱镜的几何中心设置在所述绿光芯片模组和红光芯片模组的出射光线的交汇点上；
所述胶合透镜设置在所述立方棱镜的出射光路上；
所述胶合透镜由正、负透镜组成，所述正、负透镜按照距离所述立方棱镜由远及近的次序排列；所述负透镜镀有中心波长为545±15nm的窄带滤光膜和波长大于600nm的长波截止滤光膜；
所述立方棱镜的沿所述绿光芯片模组和红光芯片模组的出射光线的夹角的角平分线延伸的对角面上镀有复合膜，该复合膜用于全反射所述红光芯片模组的出射红光，并透射所述绿光芯片模组的出射绿光。
立方棱镜由两个等腰直角棱镜胶合而成，所述对角面为胶合面；所述立方棱镜的A、B、C面均镀有对应光线波长的减反射膜；
所述A面为两个相互垂直的相邻面，且分别为所述绿光芯片模组和红光芯片模组的光照入射面；
所述B面为所述所述绿光芯片模组和红光芯片模组经所述胶合面后的光出射面。
一种含有双光三色光学系统的瞄具，包括安装在本体后端的LED安装座，绿光芯片模组安装在所述LED安装座的前端面，所述红光芯片模组通过一LED基座安装在所述LED安装座的前端一侧；该LED基座的安装平面与所述LED安装座的前端面垂直。
本发明的优点是：提高了进入人眼LED芯片发光的单色性和减弱了自透镜出射的光能量，不易被发现，提高了瞄具使用的隐蔽性；通过设置的两个出射光相互垂直的红绿光源，借助棱镜及全反射膜或透射膜实现了通过控制电路实现产生绿光、红光或黄光等，大大减小了光源数量和瞄具的体积及重量。通过设置的两个出射光相互垂直的红绿光源，借助棱镜及全反射膜或透射膜实现了通过控制电路实现产生绿光、红光或黄光等，大大减小了光源数量和瞄具的体积及重量。
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做详细说明。
附图说明
图1：设置滤波片的光学系统示意图。
图2：LED芯片发出的光线波段为560±80nm的波长曲线图。
图3：滤波片上镀窄带干涉滤光膜，可透过的光线波段为545±8nm,其余波段不 能透过时的波长曲线图。
图4：LED前放置镀窄带干涉滤光膜的滤波片，则从滤波片出射的光线波长为545±8nm的波长曲线图。
图5：胶合透镜中的负透镜镀中心波长为545±15nm的窄带滤光膜和波长大于600nm的长波截止滤光膜曲线图。
图6：从滤波片出来的光线经过胶合透镜出来光线的叠加波长曲线图。
图7是一具体应用例瞄具示意图。
图8是另一具体应用例瞄具示意图
图9是图7中LED芯片出光孔附近设置滤波片的示意图。
图10是双光三色光学系统示意图。
图11是含有双光三色光学系统的瞄具立体图。
图12是含有双光三色光学系统的瞄具轴向剖视图。
图13是立方棱镜光路运行示意图。
图14是反射波长大于600nm的光线曲线图。
图15是透过545nm波长的光线窄带曲线图。
图16是波长400nm到800nm的宽带减反射膜透过率的光线曲线图。
图17是胶合透镜中的负透镜镀中心波长为545±15nm的窄带滤光膜和波长大于600nm的长波截止滤光膜曲线图。
附图标记说明：1、LED芯片；2、滤波片；3、透镜；4、绿光芯片模组；5、红光芯片模组；6、立方棱镜；7、LED安装座；8、对角面；9、LED基座；10、滑块；11、本体；12、13，光源；14、胶合透镜。
具体实施方式
为了克服现有瞄具上LED芯片发光波段较宽，通过透镜或透镜组或胶合透镜反射进入人眼存在两种或两种以上颜色的靶标图象及从透镜或透镜组或胶合透镜射出的光线能量过强容易被发现导致隐蔽性降低的问题，具体地说，以往仅是通过透镜的反射膜进行滤光，但该滤光方式存在外界光通过透镜进入人眼的效率问题，一方面是如果要保证人眼观测外界光的高效率，则会造成滤除LED部分光线能量不干净；另一方面是如果滤除干净的话，会出现通光部分失色比较严重(人眼通过透镜观测 外界，会有发蓝或者发红的现象)，通光效率下降，影响人眼对外界的观测。
本实施例提供了一种图1所示的提高单色性和隐蔽性的反射式内红点瞄准镜光学系统，包括LED芯片1和用以反射LED芯片1(LED发光芯片)出射光的透镜3，LED芯片1附近设置一置于LED芯片1和透镜3之间的镀窄带干涉滤光膜的滤波片2；该窄带滤波片2用以过滤掉LED芯片1发出的除中心波长外较宽的波段，提高进入人眼光波的单色性和减弱从透镜3射出的光能量,从而有效避免被人发现,进而提高隐蔽性，同时，透镜3仅需镀通过滤波片2光线的截止膜，这样对外界入射光通过透镜3进入人眼的光线光谱截止范围小，没有明显失色，提高了入射光通光效率。人眼观测更加舒适。
滤波片的距离设置离LED发光芯片越近，进入到滤波片的发光角度越大，滤掉的波段越多，进入到胶合透镜(透镜)的波段越窄，人眼从A方向看到LED发光芯片的波段就越窄。本实施例优选LED芯片1与滤波片2之间的距离范围是0到4mm,距离LED发光芯片越近效果越好,比如2mm、1.5mm、1mm，或者0.5mm或0.2mm，甚至通过光学胶合方式粘接在LED芯片表面。具体增加滤光片2的原理和效果，可以参见图2到图6进行具体详细说明，以便于理解本实施例的设计构思和技术方案。
参见图2，此图表示的是现有技术中LED芯片直接发出光(未加滤波片)，发出的光线波段为560±80nm的波长曲线图，而图3是滤波片上镀窄带干涉滤光膜，可透过的光线波段为545±8nm,其余波段不能透过时的波长曲线图，而图4则是在LED芯片附近设置滤波片2后，产生的两种光波叠加后的波长曲线图，明显可见，从滤波片2出射的光波区间为545±8nm，此545±8nm波段将入射到胶合透镜(透镜)中，入射光波长范围变窄，单色性得到提升和确保，同时因为滤波片的作用减弱或滤除了非中心波长光线入射到透镜上的光能量，进而减弱了经透镜3后出射的光能量，从而避免被外界的人轻易发现，提高了瞄具的隐蔽性。
不加滤波片2时LED芯片发出的560±80nm波段的光入射到胶合透镜(透镜)中，波段范围较宽，单色性降低，自透镜射出的光能量因为中间没有更多的光学器件过滤，因此出射光的光谱较宽，能量较强，容易被从图1中所示B方向看过来的人发现，降低隐蔽性。
图5所示为胶合透镜中的负透镜镀中心波长为545±15nm的窄带滤光膜和波长 大于600nm的长波截止滤光膜曲线图。图6所示为从滤波片出射的光线经过透镜的光线叠加图，由此图可以看出545±8nm绿光窄带波段被透镜反射进入到人眼中，人眼只看到一个绿色的靶标图象，提升了单色性。从B方向看LED发射的560±80nm波段的光波没有从透镜射出，提高了瞄具的隐蔽性。需要特别说明的是，本发明所涉及的波长范围，并不限于以上举例波长，也可以是其他波长。
为更直观更好的理解以上实施方式，本实施例提供了一种图7、8所示的两种不同的瞄具，由此图清晰可见，在LED芯片附近或其出光孔处(参见图9)在光路方向上安装了滤波片2，实现对LED芯片出射光的波长的第一次过滤，滤除掉过于宽泛的无用的波段光，从而提高单色性和光能量的控制，经滤波片2过滤后的光入射到透镜3上，再次反射后进入人眼，即图1所示的A侧，由于滤波片2和透镜3的双重过滤，有效减弱了透过透镜3的光能量，从而避免了图1所示的B处的人感知，从而提升了瞄具的隐蔽性。
为了克服现有的多光瞄具存在的结构复杂、重量和体积偏大致使成本和不便携的问题，本实施例提供了一种图10所示的双光三色光学系统，包括绿光芯片模组4、红光芯片模组5和立方棱镜6；绿光芯片模组4和红光芯片模组5垂直设置，二者相互独立，通过控制电路实现出射绿光或红光共用，而为了产生第三种色光，本实施例借助几何中心设置在绿光芯片模组4和红光芯片模组5的出射光线的交汇点上的立方棱镜6及立方棱镜6的沿绿光芯片模组4和红光芯片模组5的出射光线的夹角的角平分线延伸的对角面8上镀有复合膜，该复合膜用于全反射所述红光芯片模组5的出射红光，并透射所述绿光芯片模组4的出射绿光，(由此不难看出，该复合膜由红光全反射和绿光增透膜符合而成，此为一般现有技术，不做过多介绍；)从而实现红光的出射光线被全反射90°后与绿光的出射光线平行，均从图11所示的瞄具的瞳孔出射。
如图13所示，立方棱镜6的与绿光芯片模组的出射光垂直的入射面A镀膜为透过545nm波长的光线窄带透射膜，确保所需波长范围绿光无损耗通过立方棱镜6射出。而与红光芯片模组5的出射红光垂直的入射面C和出射面B(与入射面A相对的侧面为出射面B)镀宽带减反射膜，确保红光、绿光无损耗通过立方棱镜3射出。
而为了产生第三种色光，本实施例提供了图11和图12所示的瞄具，其安装在 本体11后端的LED安装座7，绿光芯片模组4安装在LED安装座7的前端面，红光芯片模组5通过一LED基座9安装在LED安装座7的前端一侧；该LED基座9的安装平面与LED安装座7的前端面垂直。从而确保红光和绿光相互重叠产生第三种色光射出。至此，实现了以最少的光源产生多种色光从而降低瞄具的复杂程度和维护成本。
参见图13所示，前述实施例中涉及的立方棱镜6由两个等腰直角棱镜(包括直角等腰棱镜Ⅰ和直角等腰棱镜Ⅱ)胶合而成，对角面8即为胶合面，立方棱镜6的B、C面均镀有波长400到800nm的宽带减反射膜；其中，与C面相互垂直的相邻面A面上镀透过545nm波长的光线窄带透射膜，A面和C面分别为绿光芯片模组4和红光芯片模组5的光照入射面；B面为绿光芯片模组4和红光芯片模组5经对角面8即胶合面后的光出射面。
具体的光路是：立方棱镜6由直角等腰棱镜Ⅰ和直角等腰棱镜Ⅱ胶合而成，光源12即红光芯片模组5发射出中心波长为λ0＝658nm的光线，此光线由直角等腰棱镜Ⅰ的C面射入，经直角等腰棱镜Ⅰ和Ⅱ的胶合面反射，后由直角等腰棱镜Ⅰ的B面射出，光线方向改变90°，此胶合面镀有图14所示的反射大于600nm光线的膜层。
而光源13即绿光芯片模组4发射出中心波长为λ0＝545nm的光线，此光线由直角等腰棱镜Ⅱ的A面射入，此面镀有图15所示的能透过545nm±15nm波长的窄带透过膜层，此光线经过直角等腰棱镜Ⅰ和Ⅱ的胶合面即对角面8后由直角等腰棱镜Ⅰ的B面射出。此外，直角等腰棱镜Ⅰ的A、B面镀有图16所示的波长400到800nm的宽带减反射膜。
前述实施例中，胶合透镜14由正、负透镜组成，正、负透镜按照距离所述立方棱镜6由远及近的次序排列；所述负透镜镀有中心波长为545±15nm的窄带滤光膜和波长大于600nm的长波截止滤光膜；从而当红、绿光芯片模组入射到胶合透镜14的反光面即负透镜上时，负透镜上镀有图17所示的窄带滤光膜和长波截止滤光膜曲线，从而将对应波长的光线反射回目镜人眼观测方向，实现可观测到绿光图形或红光图形，也可观测到由红绿光合成的黄色图形。适用于不同瞄准背景环境使用。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种提高单色性和隐蔽性的反射式内红点瞄准镜光学系统，包括LED芯片(1)和用以反射LED芯片(1)出射光的透镜(3)，其特征在于：所述LED芯片(1)附近设置一置于所述LED芯片(1)和透镜(3)之间的镀窄带干涉滤光膜的滤波片(2)；该滤波片(2)用以过滤掉所述LED芯片(1)发出的除中心波长外较宽波段的光线，提高进入人眼光线的单色性，从滤波片(2)出射的除中心波长以外的光线的光能量被减弱或者截止，从滤波片(2)出射的中心波长的光能量照射在透镜(3)的胶合反射面上，胶合反射面上镀有截止中心波长的截止膜，从而远距离向透镜(3)方向看，不易发现从透镜(3)出射的光亮，进而提高了瞄具的隐蔽性。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的光学系统，其特征在于：所述LED芯片(1)与滤波片(2)之间的距离为0到10mm。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的光学系统，其特征在于：所述LED芯片(1)与滤波片(2)之间的距离为0到4mm。
  4. 如权利要求2或3所述的光学系统，其特征在于：所述LED芯片(1)与滤波片(2)之间的距离为2mm、1.5mm、1mm、0.5mm和0.2mm中的任一距离。
  5. 一种双光三色光学系统，其特征在于：包括绿光芯片模组(4)、红光芯片模组(5)、立方棱镜(6)和胶合透镜(14)；所述绿光芯片模组(4)和红光芯片模组(5)垂直设置；所述立方棱镜(6)的几何中心设置在所述绿光芯片模组(4)和红光芯片模组(5)的出射光线的交汇点上；所述胶合透镜(14)设置在所述立方棱镜(6)的出射光路上；所述胶合透镜(14)由正、负透镜组成，所述正、负透镜按照距离所述立方棱镜(6)由远及近的次序排列；所述负透镜镀有中心波长为545±15nm的窄带滤光膜和波长大于600nm的长波截止滤光膜；所述立方棱镜(6)的沿所述绿光芯片模组(4)和红光芯片模组(5)的出射光线的夹角的角平分线延伸的对角面(8)上镀有复合膜，该复合膜用于全反射所述红光芯片模组(5)的出射红光，并透射所述绿光芯片模组(4)的出射绿光。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的双光三色光学系统，其特征在于：所述立方棱镜(6)由两个等腰直角棱镜胶合而成，所述对角面(8)为胶合面；所述立方棱镜(6)的A、B、C面均镀有对应光线波长的减反射膜；
    所述A面为两个相互垂直的相邻面，且分别为所述绿光芯片模组(4)和红光芯 片模组(5)的光照入射面；
    所述B面为所述所述绿光芯片模组(4)和红光芯片模组(5)经所述胶合面后的光出射面。
  7. 一种含有权利要求5或6所述的双光三色光学系统的瞄具，包括安装在本体(11)后端的LED安装座(7)，其特征在于：所述绿光芯片模组(4)安装在所述LED安装座(7)的前端面，所述红光芯片模组(5)通过一LED基座(9)安装在所述LED安装座(7)的前端一侧；该LED基座(9)的安装平面与所述LED安装座(7)的前端面垂直。
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