WO2020142942A1 - 电机的控制方法及其控制器、测距传感器、移动平台 - Google Patents

电机的控制方法及其控制器、测距传感器、移动平台 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020142942A1
WO2020142942A1 PCT/CN2019/071025 CN2019071025W WO2020142942A1 WO 2020142942 A1 WO2020142942 A1 WO 2020142942A1 CN 2019071025 W CN2019071025 W CN 2019071025W WO 2020142942 A1 WO2020142942 A1 WO 2020142942A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
motor
current
temperature
rotation speed
starting
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PCT/CN2019/071025
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵进
黄淮
刘万启
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深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司
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Application filed by 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2019/071025 priority Critical patent/WO2020142942A1/zh
Priority to CN201980002887.9A priority patent/CN111684712A/zh
Publication of WO2020142942A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020142942A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P1/00—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P1/16—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P1/46—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual synchronous motor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
    • H02P29/60—Controlling or determining the temperature of the motor or of the drive

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of electric motors, in particular to the control of electric motors.
  • motors often need to work in different environments, such as temperature environments.
  • the starting current of the motor is different in different temperature environments.
  • the bearing friction of the motor will increase, so the motor is difficult to start.
  • it needs to provide a larger torque, that is, a larger start Current;
  • the temperature of the stator coil of the motor rises easily causing the motor to burn out, thereby limiting the current allowed to pass through the stator coil of the motor, and thus limiting the starting current of the motor from being too large.
  • the motor cannot meet the starting requirements of both high-temperature and low-temperature environments.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a motor control method, a controller, a distance measuring sensor, and a mobile platform to solve the problem that the motor cannot start up in a wide environmental temperature range.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a motor control method, including:
  • the motor is controlled to enter the heating mode.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a distance measuring sensor, including:
  • Light generating element used to generate light signal
  • the optical element is fixed on the motor and used to reflect or transmit the optical signal
  • a controller electrically connected to the motor, for controlling the rotation of the motor, wherein the controller includes one or more processors, the processors work individually or together, and the processors are used to execute The method described in one aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a motor control method, including:
  • the motor is controlled to start.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a motor controller, including:
  • One or more processors working individually or together;
  • the processor is electrically connected to the driving circuit and used to control the driving circuit to provide a corresponding working current to the motor, and the processor can execute the method of the third aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a distance measuring sensor, including:
  • the controller according to the fourth aspect is electrically connected to the motor and used to control the working state of the motor.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a mobile platform, including:
  • the distance measuring sensor according to the second aspect or the fifth aspect is installed on the platform body and is used for sensing the distance of obstacles around the platform body.
  • the motor control method and its controller, ranging sensor, and mobile platform of the embodiments of the present invention reduce the starting current by preheating the bearing of the motor or increasing the starting current when the ambient temperature is low, and when the ambient temperature is high, The motor is started in a wide temperature range, and the reliability of the motor work is improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a motor control method according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of another motor control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a specific example of a control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of a distance measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a distance measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention using a coaxial optical path.
  • the motor's starting current limit value is set relatively high, the starting ability of the motor in a low temperature environment can be improved, but in a high temperature environment, this relatively high starting current limit value will cause the motor's
  • the heating of the stator coil makes the motor more likely to burn; on the contrary, if the starting current limit of the motor is set to a relatively low value, although it is guaranteed that the stator coil will not cause the motor to burn out within the allowable temperature rise range, it is difficult for the motor to operate in a low temperature environment start up.
  • FIG. 1 shows a motor control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method 100 includes:
  • step S110 it is detected whether the ambient temperature of the motor is lower than the temperature threshold
  • step S120 if the ambient temperature of the motor is lower than the temperature threshold, increase the starting current of the motor to the first starting current, and start the motor with the first starting current;
  • step S130 it is detected whether the rotation speed of the motor reaches the first rotation speed
  • step S140 if the rotation speed of the motor does not reach the first rotation speed, the motor is controlled to enter the heating mode.
  • the starting current of the motor is set based on the ambient temperature of the motor.
  • the ambient temperature of the motor is lower than the preset temperature threshold, it means that the motor is in a low temperature environment, and the friction of the bearing of the motor increases, and the starting current needs to be increased to provide Torque sufficient to overcome friction, causing the rotor of the motor to rotate.
  • increasing the starting current of the motor to the first starting current first try to start the motor with the first starting current. If the motor speed reaches the preset first speed, you can continue the slow start of the motor; if the motor speed does not reach the first speed It shows that the torque generated by the first starting current is not enough to make the rotor of the motor overcome the friction.
  • the friction force of the motor bearing mainly comes from the lubricating grease on the bearing.
  • the lubricating grease generally shows a large viscosity at low temperature. As the temperature of the lubricating grease increases, the frictional force on the bearing will decrease, so the motor will not It needs to generate more torque to start the motor at low temperature. Therefore, after starting failure with the first starting current, the motor can be controlled to enter the heating mode to improve the lubricating degree of the grease on the bearing and reduce the friction force, so that the motor It can be started without increasing the starting current in a low temperature environment, which solves the problem of setting a small start current in a low temperature environment that makes it difficult to start the motor, and at the same time ensures that the motor in a high temperature environment will not be burned.
  • the method 100 may be implemented by FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array).
  • the first starting current includes: a starting current allowed when the surface temperature of the coil winding reaches thermal equilibrium.
  • the difference between the allowable starting current when the surface temperature of the coil winding is -20° and the allowable starting current when the surface temperature of the coil winding is 65° is 1.3A.
  • the first starting current may be the maximum current allowed to pass on the premise that the motor is not burned.
  • the enameled wire with a diameter of 0.23 mm, a surface temperature rise of 15 degrees when a current of 0.43 A is input, and a surface temperature rise of 105 degrees when a current of 1.82 A is input.
  • the allowable phase current of the two may have a difference of about 1.3A. That is to say, in low temperature environment, the starting current can be set 1.3A higher than in high temperature environment.
  • the heating mode includes: flowing a preheating current or a preheating voltage to the coil wheel of the motor to uniformly heat the motor coil.
  • flowing the preheating current to the coil wheels of the motor includes sequentially inputting the preheating current of the same time to each phase coil of the coil.
  • the preheating current is less than 1A.
  • flowing the preheating voltage to the coil of the motor includes: using an SVPWM algorithm to control the preheating voltage.
  • the heating mode further includes: uniform heating of the motor coil causes the ambient temperature of the motor to increase, and the temperature of the lubricating grease on the bearing also increases.
  • the heating mode is to increase the temperature of the lubricating grease on the bearing to reduce the friction of the bearing and reduce the torque of the motor start, thereby reducing the motor starting current. Therefore, the temperature of the lubricating grease can be increased by increasing the temperature of the internal components of the motor and the temperature of the motor itself to increase the temperature of the bearing. The temperature of the internal components of the motor can be increased by applying a preheating voltage or a preheating current to the coil of the motor.
  • the coil heats up to increase the temperature of the coil, and the heat is transmitted to the motor bearing through the physical connection of the internal components of the motor ,
  • lubricating grease is more lubricating, and the friction of the bearing is reduced; when the working conditions of the motor allow, the temperature of the motor and the temperature of the grease on the bearing and the bearing can also be increased by heat conduction Rise.
  • the preheating current of the same time is passed to the A, B, and C three-phase coils of the motor, for example, the preheating current of 0.5A is first passed to the A-phase coil; after the time t1, 0.5A preheating current is fed to the B-phase coil; 0.5A preheating current is passed to the C-phase coil after time t1; 0.5A preheating is again fed to the A-phase coil after time t1 Thermal current; wherein, the preheating current of the three-phase coils A, B, and C all passing through the time t1 is used as a preheating cycle; and so on, after a preset period, when the coil temperature reaches a predetermined coil temperature, Stop preheating the coil.
  • the preheating voltage is circulated through the three-phase coils A, B, and C of the motor, and the SVPWM (Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation, Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation) algorithm is used to control the preheat voltage, for example
  • the pulse-width modulated wave generated by the specific switching mode composed of the six power switching elements of the three-phase power inverter makes the output current waveform as close to the ideal sinusoidal waveform as possible, and the motor obtains the ideal circular flux linkage trajectory.
  • the SVPWM algorithm to control the preheat voltage, the harmonic component of the current waveform in the coil of the motor is small, so that the torque ripple of the motor is reduced, the rotating magnetic field is closer to a circle, and it is easier to realize digitization.
  • the method further includes: if the ambient temperature of the motor is not lower than the temperature threshold, starting the motor with the second starting current, the second starting current being less than the first starting current.
  • the starting current can be set to a lower temperature environment When the starting current is small.
  • the method further includes:
  • increasing the rotation speed of the motor by the predetermined rotation speed includes: increasing the current of the motor.
  • the method further includes:
  • the second rotation speed is not reached, it is repeatedly determined whether the current of the motor is less than the current threshold twice in succession, and when the current of the motor is less than the current threshold twice in succession, the rotation speed of the motor is increased by a predetermined rotation speed.
  • the slow start process includes gradually increasing or stepwise increasing the current of the motor to gradually increase the speed or stepwise; in order to prevent misoperation and ensure the reliability of the motor starting, the current of the motor can be detected in real time.
  • the current threshold the current is increased to increase the speed, and the step of increasing the speed when the current of the motor is less than the current threshold multiple times is repeated until the speed of the motor reaches the target speed.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a distance measuring sensor, including:
  • Light generating element used to generate light signal
  • the optical element is fixed on the motor and used to reflect or transmit the optical signal
  • a controller electrically connected to the motor, used to control the rotation of the motor
  • the controller includes one or more processors, the processors work individually or together, and the processors are used in the method of the first aspect.
  • the motor control method provided in the first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention may be applied to a distance measuring sensor.
  • the distance measuring sensor is used to sense external environment information, for example, distance information, azimuth information, reflection intensity information, speed information, etc. of the environmental target.
  • the distance measuring sensor includes: a light generating element that generates an optical signal; an optical element and a motor connected to the optical element, the motor is used to drive the optical element to rotate around a rotation axis, so that the optical element reflects or transmits the optical signal To change the direction of the optical signal, the optical element projects the optical signal into different directions; wherein the motor is controlled by a controller including one or more processors to perform the method described in the first aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a motor control method.
  • FIG. 2 shows a motor control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method 200 includes:
  • step S210 obtain the ambient temperature of the motor
  • step S220 the starting current of the motor is determined according to the ambient temperature of the motor
  • step S230 the motor is controlled to start according to the determined starting current.
  • setting the starting current of the motor based on the ambient temperature of the motor can improve the starting reliability of the motor.
  • the ambient temperature of the motor is low, the friction of the motor's bearings increases, and a large starting current needs to be passed to the motor to provide enough torque to overcome the friction and rotate the rotor of the motor; when the ambient temperature of the motor is high , The friction of the bearing of the motor is reduced, then the motor can be started by passing a small starting current to the motor.
  • the ambient temperature of the motor includes at least one of the following: the temperature of the motor itself, and the temperature of the relevant components of the motor.
  • the temperature of the motor-related components includes at least one of the following: the temperature of the bearing connected to the motor, the temperature of the bearing seat, and the temperature of the circuit board used to control the motor.
  • the temperature of the motor itself is obtained by sensing with a temperature sensor.
  • the temperature of the motor itself is calculated by calculating electrical parameters of the motor.
  • the parameters of the motor include at least one of the following: induced electromotive force and resistance.
  • the motor needs to be started
  • the size of the torque is related to the temperature of the grease. Increasing the temperature of the grease can reduce the starting current of the motor.
  • the lubricating grease covers the bearing, and its temperature is almost the same as the temperature of the bearing. Then the temperature of the motor itself and related parts of the motor can directly or indirectly reflect the temperature and friction of the bearing, and can be used to set the starting current. in accordance with.
  • the temperature of the motor itself and related components of the motor can be directly measured by the temperature sensor, and the temperature of the motor itself can also be calculated indirectly according to the parameters of the motor.
  • the motor is monitored in real time, and the voltage, current, induced electromotive force, resistance, bearing temperature, bearing temperature, temperature of the circuit board controlling the motor, etc. of the motor can be obtained or calculated.
  • Multiple parameters are used as the basis for setting the starting current; when multiple parameters are selected as the basis, the weights of multiple parameters can be set, and the starting current can be set after comprehensively considering the weights of the multiple parameters.
  • the motor when the ambient temperature of the motor is less than the temperature threshold, the motor is started with a first starting current; when the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to the temperature threshold, the motor is started with a second starting current, Wherein, the second starting current is smaller than the first starting current.
  • the ambient temperature of the motor when the ambient temperature of the motor is less than the preset temperature threshold, it means that the motor is in a low-temperature environment, and the friction of the motor's bearings increases. It is necessary to increase the starting current to provide enough torque to overcome the friction and rotate the rotor of the motor;
  • the ambient temperature of the motor is greater than or equal to the preset temperature threshold, it means that the motor is not in a low-temperature environment, and the friction of the motor's bearings is lower than that in a low-temperature environment. Then the starting current can be set to be lower than the starting current in a low-temperature environment. small.
  • the first starting current is less than 4 amperes; or, the temperature threshold is less than or equal to 0 degrees. It should be noted here that the above first starting current and temperature threshold are only examples, and the first starting current and temperature threshold can be adjusted according to bearing parameters, lubricating grease parameters, and motor parameters, and are not limited herein.
  • the method 200 further includes:
  • the corresponding starting current is supplied to the motor
  • the first rotation speed is reached, it is determined whether to increase the rotation speed of the motor according to the current of the motor.
  • the rotation speed of the motor is increased.
  • the rotation speed of the motor is continuously increased until the rotation speed of the motor reaches the second speed.
  • the current of the motor is continuously obtained multiple times.
  • the current of the motor can be gradually increased or stepwise increased, so that the speed is gradually increased or stepwise increased until the speed of the motor reaches the target speed, that is, the second speed .
  • the current of the motor can be obtained multiple times in a row, and the step of increasing the speed when the current of the motor is less than the current threshold for a single or multiple times until the speed of the motor reaches the target speed .
  • the rate of change of current rise can be adjusted and set according to different loads. The higher the current rise rate, the greater the starting torque and the shorter the starting time.
  • the method further includes:
  • the motor is controlled to enter the heating mode.
  • Lubricating grease covers the bearing, and its temperature is almost the same as the bearing temperature and has a positive correlation. Then, the temperature of the lubricating grease can be controlled by controlling the temperature of the bearing. There is direct or indirect physical contact between the bearing and the motor itself and related parts of the motor. Then, the heat generated by increasing the temperature of the motor itself and related parts of the motor is transferred to the bearing through heat conduction, so that the temperature of the bearing increases.
  • heat conduction can also be transmitted through a medium, such as air, etc.; and the heating mode can be the heating mode described in the first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, or other reasonable heating modes.
  • the heating mode causes the temperature of the bearing and the grease to rise to a certain threshold, that is, after the ambient temperature of the motor reaches the temperature threshold, it means that the friction of the motor bearing is reduced, and the motor can be restarted.
  • the method further includes: determining whether the motor is in an abnormal state according to the current and duration of the motor.
  • the preset time is greater than or equal to 5 seconds; or, the preset current is greater than or equal to 3 amperes.
  • the current of the motor can be continuously monitored.
  • the motor will be easily burned.
  • the motor should be stopped immediately to protect the motor from damage.
  • preset current and preset time are examples, and the preset current and preset time can be adjusted according to motor parameters, actual conditions, and design needs, and no limitation is made here.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic flowchart of an example of a control method according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, the method 300 includes:
  • step S301 the slow start process of the motor is started.
  • step S302 the ambient temperature of the motor is obtained, the starting current of the motor is set as the first current and the target speed of the first stage is the first speed of 2000 rpm; after the first current is input to the motor, the speed of the motor starts to increase.
  • step S303 the speed of the motor is sampled to determine whether the speed of the motor reaches the first speed of 2000 rpm.
  • the speed of the motor can be sampled regularly in real time, or the speed of the motor can be predicted after a predetermined time T1.
  • Set the number of times of sampling, the sampling time and frequency can be adjusted according to the actual situation, there is no limit; and the specific sampling results can be obtained directly through the speed sensor, or can be obtained by obtaining the motor current, voltage or induced electromotive force, etc.
  • the parameters are obtained indirectly, without limitation here.
  • step S304 when the rotation speed of the motor reaches the first rotation speed of 2000 rpm after a predetermined time T2, the current of the motor is detected multiple times. If the current of the motor is detected less than 1A for two consecutive times, it means that the motor startup process is normal and can be continued Increase the speed for the subsequent slow start process.
  • step S305 the current of the motor is increased to increase the motor rotation speed by 1000 rpm.
  • step S306 the current rotation speed of the motor is detected and it is determined whether the current rotation speed reaches the target rotation speed for completing the startup; if it is reached, the motor startup is completed, and if it is not reached, steps S304 to S306 are repeated until the motor startup is completed.
  • step S303 if the rotation speed of the motor does not reach the first rotation speed of 2000 rpm, step S307 is executed.
  • step S307 when the rotation speed of the motor does not reach the first rotation speed of 2000 rpm after a predetermined time T2, it means that the motor cannot be started.
  • step S308 it is determined whether the ambient temperature of the motor is less than the temperature threshold of -20 degrees. If the ambient temperature of the motor is not less than the temperature threshold of -20 degrees, the motor is abnormal; if the ambient temperature of the motor is less than the temperature threshold of -20 degrees, then It means that the ambient temperature of the motor is very low, the torque generated by the first current is not enough to start the motor, and the friction of the bearing needs to be reduced, step S350 is executed.
  • step S309 the motor enters the heating mode, and the preheating current flows into the A, B, and C three-phase coils of the motor for the same time, or the A, B, and C three-phase coils of the motor use the SVPWM algorithm.
  • the preheating voltage is controlled to make the coil heat evenly, increase the temperature of the bearing and the grease on the bearing, to reduce friction, and solve the problem of the difficulty of starting the motor at low temperatures.
  • step S310 when the ambient temperature of the motor rises to greater than the temperature threshold of -20 degrees, the motor is started again, and step S302 is executed to continue the slow start of the motor until the motor finishes starting.
  • the above motor control method 300 reduces the starting current at low temperatures while preserving the motor bearings or increasing the starting current when the ambient temperature is low, ensuring that the motor is not burned, and taking into account the high and low temperature environment
  • the starting current of the motor realizes the motor starting in a wide temperature range and improves the reliability of the motor.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a motor controller, including:
  • One or more processors working individually or together;
  • the processor is electrically connected to the driving circuit and used to control the driving circuit to provide a corresponding working current to the motor, and the processor can execute the method of the third aspect.
  • the driving circuit includes a plurality of controllable switches, such as MOS transistors.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a distance measuring sensor, including:
  • the controller according to the fourth aspect is electrically connected to the motor and used to control the working state of the motor.
  • the motion mode of the functional component includes at least one of the following: rotation, sliding, and swinging.
  • the functional component includes at least one of the following: an optical element, an acoustic element, an electrical element, and a mechanical element.
  • the distance measuring sensor includes at least one of the following: a laser sensor, an infrared sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a monocular sensor, and a binocular sensor.
  • the motor is an inner rotor motor or an outer rotor motor.
  • the motor is a hollow motor, and the functional component is located in the motor.
  • the hollow motor has a hollow accommodating space in the middle portion, so that functional components, such as optical elements, can be placed in the hollow accommodating space, and therefore, the volume of the driving device of the hollow motor can be effectively reduced.
  • the functional component is located in the rotor of the motor and is fixedly connected to the rotor of the motor.
  • the controller is located outside the motor.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a movable platform, including:
  • the distance measuring sensor according to the second aspect or the fifth aspect is installed on the platform body and is used to sense the distance of obstacles around the platform body.
  • the control method of the motor provided by various embodiments of the present invention, the controller thereof, and the distance measuring sensor may be applied to a distance measuring device, and the distance measuring device may be an electronic device such as a laser radar or a laser distance measuring device.
  • the distance measuring device is used to sense external environment information, for example, distance information, azimuth information, reflection intensity information, speed information, etc. of the environmental target.
  • the distance measuring device can detect the distance between the detection object and the distance measuring device by measuring the time of light propagation between the distance measuring device and the detection object, that is, time-of-flight (TOF) .
  • TOF time-of-flight
  • the distance measuring device may also detect the distance between the detected object and the distance measuring device through other techniques, such as a distance measuring method based on phase shift measurement, or a distance measuring method based on frequency shift measurement. There are no restrictions.
  • the distance measuring device 400 may include a transmitting circuit 410, a receiving circuit 420, a sampling circuit 430 and an arithmetic circuit 440.
  • the transmitting circuit 410 may transmit a sequence of light pulses (for example, a sequence of laser pulses).
  • the receiving circuit 420 can receive the optical pulse sequence reflected by the detected object, and photoelectrically convert the optical pulse sequence to obtain an electrical signal, which can be output to the sampling circuit 430 after processing the electrical signal.
  • the sampling circuit 430 can sample the electrical signal to obtain the sampling result.
  • the arithmetic circuit 440 may determine the distance between the distance measuring device 400 and the detected object based on the sampling result of the sampling circuit 430.
  • the distance measuring device 400 may further include a control circuit 450, which can control other circuits, for example, can control the working time of each circuit and/or set parameters for each circuit.
  • a control circuit 450 can control other circuits, for example, can control the working time of each circuit and/or set parameters for each circuit.
  • the distance measuring device shown in FIG. 4 includes a transmitting circuit, a receiving circuit, a sampling circuit, and an arithmetic circuit for emitting a beam of light for detection
  • the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto, and the transmitting circuit
  • the number of any one of the receiving circuit, the sampling circuit, and the arithmetic circuit may also be at least two, for emitting at least two light beams in the same direction or respectively in different directions; wherein, the at least two light paths may be simultaneously
  • the shot may be shot at different times.
  • the light-emitting chips in the at least two emission circuits are packaged in the same module.
  • each emitting circuit includes a laser emitting chip, and the stacks of the laser emitting chips in the at least two emitting circuits are packaged together and accommodated in the same packaging space.
  • the distance measuring device 400 may further include a scanning module 460 for changing the propagation direction of at least one laser pulse sequence emitted by the transmitting circuit.
  • the module including the transmitting circuit 410, the receiving circuit 420, the sampling circuit 430, and the arithmetic circuit 440, or the module including the transmitting circuit 410, the receiving circuit 420, the sampling circuit 4430, the arithmetic circuit 440, and the control circuit 450 may be called a measurement A distance module, the distance measuring module may be independent of other modules, for example, the scanning module 460.
  • a coaxial optical path may be used in the distance measuring device, that is, the light beam emitted by the distance measuring device and the reflected light beam share at least part of the optical path in the distance measuring device.
  • the distance measuring device may also adopt an off-axis optical path, that is, the light beam emitted from the distance measuring device and the reflected light beam are respectively transmitted along different optical paths in the distance measuring device.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the distance measuring device of the present invention using a coaxial optical path.
  • the distance measuring device 500 includes a distance measuring module 510.
  • the distance measuring module 510 includes a transmitter 503 (which may include the above-mentioned transmitting circuit), a collimating element 504, and a detector 505 (which may include the above-mentioned receiving circuit, sampling circuit, and arithmetic circuit) and Optical path changing element 506.
  • the ranging module 510 is used to emit a light beam, and receive back light, and convert the back light into an electrical signal.
  • the transmitter 503 can be used to transmit a sequence of light pulses.
  • the transmitter 503 may emit a sequence of laser pulses.
  • the laser beam emitted by the transmitter 503 is a narrow-bandwidth beam with a wavelength outside the visible light range.
  • the collimating element 504 is disposed on the exit optical path of the emitter, and is used to collimate the light beam emitted from the emitter 503, and collimate the light beam emitted from the emitter 503 into parallel light to the scanning module.
  • the collimating element is also used to converge at least a part of the return light reflected by the detection object.
  • the collimating element 504 may be a collimating lens or other element capable of collimating the light beam.
  • the optical path changing element 506 is used to combine the transmitting optical path and the receiving optical path in the distance measuring device before the collimating element 504, so that the transmitting optical path and the receiving optical path can share the same collimating element, so that the optical path More compact.
  • the transmitter 503 and the detector 505 may respectively use respective collimating elements, and the optical path changing element 506 is disposed on the optical path behind the collimating element.
  • the light path changing element can use a small-area mirror to convert The transmitting optical path and the receiving optical path are combined.
  • the light path changing element may also use a mirror with a through hole, where the through hole is used to transmit the outgoing light of the emitter 503, and the mirror is used to reflect the return light to the detector 505. In this way, it is possible to reduce the blocking of the return light by the support of the small mirror in the case of using the small mirror.
  • the optical path changing element is offset from the optical axis of the collimating element 504. In some other implementations, the optical path changing element may also be located on the optical axis of the collimating element 504.
  • the distance measuring device 500 further includes a scanning module 502.
  • the scanning module 502 is placed on the exit optical path of the distance measuring module 510.
  • the scanning module 502 is used to change the transmission direction of the collimated light beam 515 emitted through the collimating element 504 and project it to the external environment, and project the return light to the collimating element 504 .
  • the returned light is converged on the detector 505 via the collimating element 504.
  • the scanning module 502 may include at least one optical element for changing the propagation path of the light beam, wherein the optical element may change the propagation path of the light beam by reflecting, refracting, diffracting, etc. the light beam.
  • the scanning module 502 includes a lens, a mirror, a prism, a galvanometer, a grating, a liquid crystal, an optical phased array (Optical Phased Array), or any combination of the above optical elements.
  • at least part of the optical element is moving, for example, the at least part of the optical element is driven to move by a driving module, and the moving optical element can reflect, refract or diffract the light beam to different directions at different times.
  • multiple optical elements of the scanning module 502 may rotate or vibrate about a common axis 509, and each rotating or vibrating optical element is used to continuously change the direction of propagation of the incident light beam.
  • the multiple optical elements of the scanning module 502 may rotate at different rotation speeds, or vibrate at different speeds.
  • at least part of the optical elements of the scanning module 502 can rotate at substantially the same rotational speed.
  • the multiple optical elements of the scanning module may also rotate around different axes.
  • the multiple optical elements of the scanning module may also rotate in the same direction, or rotate in different directions; or vibrate in the same direction, or vibrate in different directions, which is not limited herein.
  • the scanning module 502 includes a first optical element 514 and a driver 516 connected to the first optical element 514.
  • the driver 516 is used to drive the first optical element 514 to rotate about a rotation axis 509 to change the first optical element 514 The direction of the collimated beam 519.
  • the first optical element 514 projects the collimated light beam 519 into different directions.
  • the angle between the direction of the collimated light beam 519 changed by the first optical element and the rotation axis 509 changes as the first optical element 514 rotates.
  • the first optical element 514 includes a pair of opposed non-parallel surfaces through which the collimated light beam 519 passes.
  • the first optical element 514 includes a prism whose thickness varies along at least one radial direction.
  • the first optical element 514 includes a wedge-angle prism, which refracts the collimated light beam 519.
  • the scanning module 502 further includes a second optical element 515 that rotates about a rotation axis 509.
  • the rotation speed of the second optical element 515 is different from the rotation speed of the first optical element 514.
  • the second optical element 515 is used to change the direction of the light beam projected by the first optical element 514.
  • the second optical element 515 is connected to another driver 517, and the driver 517 drives the second optical element 515 to rotate.
  • the first optical element 514 and the second optical element 515 may be driven by the same or different drivers, so that the rotation speed and/or rotation of the first optical element 514 and the second optical element 515 are different, thereby projecting the collimated light beam 515 to the outside space Different directions can scan a larger spatial range.
  • the controller 518 controls the drivers 516 and 517 to drive the first optical element 514 and the second optical element 515, respectively.
  • the rotation speeds of the first optical element 514 and the second optical element 515 may be determined according to the area and pattern expected to be scanned in practical applications.
  • Drives 516 and 517 may include motors or other drives.
  • the second optical element 515 includes a pair of opposed non-parallel surfaces through which the light beam passes. In one embodiment, the second optical element 515 includes a prism whose thickness varies along at least one radial direction. In one embodiment, the second optical element 515 includes a wedge angle prism.
  • the scanning module 502 further includes a third optical element (not shown) and a driver for driving the third optical element to move.
  • the third optical element includes a pair of opposed non-parallel surfaces through which the light beam passes.
  • the third optical element includes a prism whose thickness varies along at least one radial direction.
  • the third optical element includes a wedge angle prism. At least two of the first, second and third optical elements rotate at different rotational speeds and/or turns.
  • each optical element in the scanning module 502 can project light into different directions, for example, the directions of the light 511 and 513, so that the space around the distance measuring device 500 is scanned.
  • the light 511 projected by the scanning module 502 hits the object 501 to be detected, a part of the light object 501 is reflected to the distance measuring device 500 in a direction opposite to the projected light 511.
  • the returned light 512 reflected by the detected object 501 passes through the scanning module 502 and enters the collimating element 504.
  • the detector 505 is placed on the same side of the collimating element 504 as the emitter 503.
  • the detector 505 is used to convert at least part of the returned light passing through the collimating element 504 into an electrical signal.
  • each optical element is coated with an antireflection coating.
  • the thickness of the antireflection film is equal to or close to the wavelength of the light beam emitted by the emitter 103, which can increase the intensity of the transmitted light beam.
  • a filter layer is plated on the surface of an element on the beam propagation path in the distance measuring device, or a filter is provided on the beam propagation path to transmit at least the wavelength band of the beam emitted by the transmitter, Reflect other bands to reduce the noise caused by ambient light to the receiver.
  • the transmitter 503 may include a laser diode through which laser pulses in the order of nanoseconds are emitted.
  • the laser pulse receiving time may be determined, for example, by detecting the rising edge time and/or the falling edge time of the electrical signal pulse. In this way, the distance measuring device 500 can use the pulse reception time information and the pulse emission time information to calculate the TOF, thereby determining the distance between the detected object 501 and the distance measuring device 500.
  • the distance and orientation detected by the distance measuring device 500 can be used for remote sensing, obstacle avoidance, mapping, modeling, navigation, and the like.
  • the distance measuring device of the embodiment of the present invention may be applied to a mobile platform, and the distance measuring device may be installed on the platform body of the mobile platform.
  • a mobile platform with a distance measuring device can measure the external environment, for example, measuring the distance between the mobile platform and obstacles for obstacle avoidance and other purposes, and performing two-dimensional or three-dimensional mapping on the external environment.
  • the mobile platform includes at least one of an unmanned aerial vehicle, a car, a remote control car, a robot, and a camera.
  • the distance measuring device is applied to an unmanned aerial vehicle, the platform body is the fuselage of the unmanned aerial vehicle.
  • the platform body When the distance measuring device is applied to an automobile, the platform body is the body of the automobile.
  • the car may be a self-driving car or a semi-automatic car, and no restriction is made here.
  • the platform body When the distance measuring device is applied to a remote control car, the platform body is the body of the remote control car.
  • the platform body When the distance measuring device is applied to a robot, the platform body is a robot.
  • the distance measuring device is applied to a camera, the platform body is the camera itself.
  • the present invention provides the above-mentioned motor control method and its controller, distance measuring device and mobile platform, by preheating the bearing of the motor or increasing the starting current when the ambient temperature is low, and reducing the starting current when the ambient temperature is high, The motor is started in a wide temperature range, and the reliability of the motor work is improved.

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Abstract

一种电机的控制方法及其控制器、测距传感器、移动平台，该方法包括：步骤S110检测电机的环境温度是否低于温度阈值；步骤S120如果电机的环境温度低于温度阈值，则增加电机的启动电流至第一启动电流，并以第一启动电流启动电机；步骤S130检测电机转速是否达到第一转速；步骤S140如果电机的转速没有达到第一转速，则控制电机进入加热模式。根据该控制方法及其控制器、测距传感器、移动平台，通过在环境温度较低时预热电机的轴承或者升高启动电流，在环境温度较高时，减少启动电流，实现了电机在较宽温度范围内的启动，提高了电机工作的可靠性。

Description

电机的控制方法及其控制器、测距传感器、移动平台 技术领域
本发明涉及电机技术领域，尤其涉及电机的控制。
背景技术
电机作为广泛应用的驱动装置，经常需要工作在不同的环境中，例如温度环境。而电机在不同温度环境中的启动电流不同，在低温环境下，电机的轴承摩擦力会变大，因而电机难以启动，要达到目标转速则需要提供较大的扭矩，即需要提高较大的启动电流；在高温环境下，电机的定子线圈温度升高容易导致电机烧毁，从而限制了电机的定子线圈中允许通过的电流，也就限制了电机的启动电流不能过大。这样就导致了电机无法同时满足高温环境和低温环境的启动要求。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供电机的控制方法及其控制器、测距传感器、移动平台，以解决电机无法满足宽环境温度范围内启动的问题。
第一方面，本发明实施例提供了一种电机的控制方法，包括：
检测电机的环境温度是否低于温度阈值；
如果所述电机的环境温度低于所述温度阈值，则增加所述电机的启动电流至第一启动电流，并以所述第一启动电流启动电机；
检测所述电机的转速是否达到第一转速；
如果所述电机的转速没有达到所述第一转速，则控制所述电机进入加热模式。
第二方面，本发明实施例提供了一种测距传感器，包括：
光产生元件，用于产生光信号；
光学元件，固定于电机上，用于反射或透射所述光信号；
电机，用于带动所述光学元件转动；
控制器，与所述电机电连接，用于控制所述电机转动，其中，所述控制器包括一个或多个处理器，所述处理器单独地或共同地工作，所述处理器用于执 行第一方面所述的方法。
第三方面，本发明实施例提供了一种电机的控制方法，包括：
获取所述电机的环境温度；
根据所述电机的环境温度，确定所述电机的启动电流的大小；
按照确定的所述启动电流，控制所述电机开始启动。
第四方面，本发明实施例提供了一种电机的控制器，包括：
驱动电路，用于提供所述电机的工作电流；
一个或多个处理器，单独地或共同地工作；
其中，所述处理器与驱动电路电连接，用于控制所述驱动电路提供相应的工作电流给所述电机，所述处理器能够执行第三方面所述方法。
第五方面，本发明实施例提供了一种测距传感器，包括：
功能部件，能够运动；
电机，用于带动所述功能部件；
第四方面所述的控制器，与所述电机电连接，用于控制所述电机的工作状态。
第六方面，本发明实施例提供了可移动平台，包括：
平台本体；以及
第二方面或第五方面所述测距传感器，安装在所述平台本体上，用于感测所述平台本体周围的障碍物的距离。
本发明实施例的电机的控制方法及其控制器、测距传感器、移动平台，通过在环境温度较低时预热电机的轴承或升高启动电流，在环境温度较高时，减少启动电流，实现了电机在宽温度范围内的启动，提高了电机工作的可靠性。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明实施例的一种电机的控制方法的示意性流程图；
图2是本发明实施例的又一种电机的控制方法的示意性流程图；
图3是本发明实施例的控制方法的具体示例的示意性流程图；
图4是本发明实施例的测距装置的示意性框图；
图5是本发明实施例的测距装置采用同轴光路的一种实施例的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
在电机启动的过程中，如果将电机的启动电流极限值设置的比较高，则可以提高电机在低温环境下的启动能力，但是在高温环境下这一比较高的启动电流极限值会导致电机的定子线圈发热使得电机更容易烧毁；相反，如果将电机的启动电流极限值设置的比较低，虽然保证了定子线圈在允许的温升范围内不会导致电机烧毁，但是在低温环境下电机就难以启动。
基于上述考虑，第一方面，本发明实施例提供了一种电机的控制方法，参见图1，图1示出了本发明实施例的一种电机的控制方法。所述方法100包括：
在步骤S110中，检测电机的环境温度是否低于温度阈值；
在步骤S120中，如果所述电机的环境温度低于所述温度阈值，则增加所述电机的启动电流至第一启动电流，并以所述第一启动电流启动电机；
在步骤S130中，检测所述电机的转速是否达到第一转速；
在步骤S140中，如果所述电机的转速没有达到所述第一转速，则控制所述电机进入加热模式。
其中，基于电机所处的环境温度设置电机的启动电流，当电机的环境温度低于预设的温度阈值时，说明电机处于低温环境中，电机的轴承的摩擦力增加，需要增加启动电流以提供足以克服摩擦力的扭矩，使电机的转子转动。将电机的启动电流增加到第一启动电流时，先尝试以第一启动电流启动电机，如果电机转速达到预设的第一转速则可以继续进行电机的缓启动；如果电机转速没有达到第一转速，说明由第一启动电流所产生的扭矩还不足以使电机的转子克服摩擦力。而电机轴承的摩擦力主要来源于轴承上的润滑油脂，润滑油脂在低温 中一般呈现粘性大的特点，随着润滑油脂的温度升高，轴承上的摩擦力将会减小，那么电机就不需要产生更大的扭矩来启动低温下的电机，因此，当以第一启动电流进行启动失败之后，可以控制电机进入加热模式，以提高轴承上润滑油脂的润滑度，减少摩擦力，从而使电机可以在低温环境下不需要增加启动电流就可以启动，解决了低温环境下设置较小的启动电流导致电机难以启动的问题，同时保证了高温环境电机不会被烧毁。
可选地，所述方法100可以由FPGA(Field－Programmable Gate Array，现场可编程门阵列)实现。
可选地，所述第一启动电流包括：所述线圈绕组的表面温度达到热平衡时所允许的启动电流。
可选地，所述线圈绕组的表面温度为-20°时所允许的启动电流与所述线圈绕组的表面温度为65°时所允许的启动电流之差为1.3A。
其中，线圈绕组在通入不同的输入电流时，达到热平衡时会产生对应的不同温升。如果线圈绕组在达到热平衡后继续增加输入电流，则会破坏所述线圈绕组的热平衡，容易使得线圈发热导致电机烧毁。因此，所述第一启动电流可以是在保证电机不被烧毁的前提下允许通过的最大电流。
在一个实施例中，以所述线圈绕组是漆包线为例，直径为0.23mm漆包线，输入0.43A的电流时表面温升15度，输入1.82A的电流时表面温升105度。在所述环境温度在-20度下启动和65度下启动，两者的允许相电流可以有约1.3A的差别。也就是说，低温环境下，可以设定比高温环境下高1.3A的启动电流。
可选地，所述加热模式包括：向所述电机的线圈轮流通入预热电流或预热电压，使所述电机线圈均匀发热。
可选地，向所述电机的线圈轮流通入预热电流，包括：向所述线圈的每一相线圈依次输入相同时间的预热电流。
可选地，所述预热电流小于1A。
可选地，向所述电机的线圈轮流通入预热电压，包括：采用SVPWM算法控制所述预热电压。
可选地，所述加热模式还包括：所述电机线圈均匀发热使得所述电机的环境温度升高，所述轴承上的润滑油脂的温度也升高。
其中，加热模式是为了使轴承上的润滑油脂的温度升高以减少轴承的摩擦力，降低电机启动的扭矩，从而减小电机的启动电流。因此，可以通过增加电机内部部件的温度以及电机自身的温度来升高轴承的温度，来达到升高润滑油脂的温度的目的。而增加电机内部部件的温度可以通过在电机的线圈上施加预热电压或预热电流，经过一段时间后，线圈发热使得线圈温度升高，并将热量通过电机内部部件的物理连接传导至电机轴承，促使轴承的温度升高，润滑油脂更润滑，轴承的摩擦力减少；在电机的工作条件允许时，还可以通过升高电机自身的温度，并通过热传导使轴承以及轴承上的润滑油脂的温度升高。
在一个实施例中，通过向电机的A、B、C三相线圈轮流通入相同时间的预热电流，例如，先向A相线圈通入0.5A大小的预热电流；经过时间t1后，向B相线圈通入0.5A大小的预热电流；经过时间t1后，向C相线圈通入0.5A大小的预热电流；经过时间t1后，再次向A相线圈通入0.5A大小的预热电流；其中，将A、B、C三相线圈均完成通入时间t1的预热电流作为一个预热周期；以此类推，经过预设周期后，当线圈温度达到一个预定线圈温度时，停止对线圈进行预热。
在一个实施例中，通过向电机的A、B、C三相线圈轮流通入预热电压，并采用SVPWM(空间矢量脉宽调制，Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation)算法控制所述预热电压，例如，由三相功率逆变器的六个功率开关元件组成的特定开关模式产生的脉宽调制波，使输出电流波形尽可能接近于理想的正弦波形，以及使电机获得理想圆形磁链轨迹。采用SVPWM算法控制所述预热电压，电机的线圈中电流波形的谐波成分小，使得电机转矩脉动降低，旋转磁场更逼近圆形，更易于实现数字化。
可选地，所述方法还包括：如果所述电机的环境温度不低于所述温度阈值，则以所述第二启动电流启动电机，所述第二启动电流小于所述第一启动电流。
其中，当电机的环境温度不低于预设的温度阈值时，说明电机没有处于低温环境中，电机的轴承的摩擦力比低温环境时的小，那么此时启动电流就可以设置为比低温环境时的启动电流小。
可选地，所述方法还包括：
如果所述电机的转速达到所述第一转速，则定时检测所述电机的电流；
判断所述电机的电流是否连续两次小于电流阈值，当所述电机的电流连续两次小于电流阈值时，将所述电机的转速增加预定转速。
可选地，将所述电机的转速增加所述预定转速包括：增加所述电机的电流。
可选地，所述方法还包括：
检测所述电机的转速增加预定转速后是否达到第二转速，如果达到所述第二转速则完成启动；
如果没有达到所述第二转速则重复判断所述电机的电流是否连续两次小于电流阈值，并当所述电机的电流连续两次小于电流阈值时，将所述电机的转速增加预定转速。
其中，当启动电机后电机的转速达到了预设的第一转速，那么即可以继续进行缓启动过程，使电机最终达到目标转速即第二转速，完成电机的启动过程。缓启动过程包括逐渐增加或阶梯式增加电机的电流，使转速逐渐增加或阶梯式增加；为了防止误操作，保证电机启动的可靠性，可以实时检测电机的电流，当电机的电流连续多次小于电流阈值时，才增加电流以使转速增加，并重复当电机的电流连续多次小于电流阈值时增加转速的步骤，直至电机的转速达到目标转速。需要说明的是，上述启动过程中，电流上升变化的速率是可以根据负载的不同进行调整设置的，电流上升速率越大则启动转矩越大，启动时间越短。
第二方面，本发明实施例提供了一种测距传感器，包括：
光产生元件，用于产生光信号；
光学元件，固定于电机上，用于反射或透射所述光信号；
电机，用于带动所述光学元件转动；
控制器，与所述电机电连接，用于控制所述电机转动，
其中，所述控制器包括一个或多个处理器，所述处理器单独地或共同地工作，所述处理器用于第一方面所述的方法。
本发明实施例第一方面提供的电机的控制方法可以应用于测距传感器。在一种实施例中，测距传感器用于感测外部环境信息，例如，环境目标的距离信息、方位信息、反射强度信息、速度信息等。
在一个实施例中，测距传感器包括：光产生元件，产生光信号；光学元件和与光学元件连接的电机，电机用于驱动光学元件绕转动轴转动，使光学元件 反射或透射所述光信号以改变光信号的方向，光学元件将光信号投射至不同的方向；其中，电机由包括一个或多个处理器的控制器进行控制以执行第一方面所述的方法。
第三方面，本发明实施例提供了一种电机的控制方法，参见图2，图2示出了本发明实施例的一种电机的控制方法。所述方法200包括：
在步骤S210，获取所述电机的环境温度；
在步骤S220，根据所述电机的环境温度，确定所述电机的启动电流的大小；
在步骤S230，按照确定的所述启动电流，控制所述电机开始启动。
其中，基于电机所处的环境温度设置电机的启动电流，可以提高电机的启动可靠性。当电机的环境温度较低时，电机的轴承的摩擦力增加，需要向电机通入较大的启动电流以提供足以克服摩擦力的扭矩，使电机的转子转动；当电机的环境温度较高时，电机的轴承的摩擦力减小，那么可以向电机通入较小的启动电流即可启动电机。
可选地，所述电机的环境温度包括如下至少一种：所述电机自身的温度，所述电机相关部件的温度。
可选地，所述电机相关部件的温度包括如下至少一种：与所述电机连接的轴承的温度，轴承座的温度，用于控制所述电机的电路板的温度。
可选地，所述电机自身的温度通过温度传感器感测获取。
可选地，所述电机自身的温度通过计算所述电机的电参数计算得到。
可选地，所述电机的参数包括如下至少一种：感应电动势，电阻。
因为电机的启动所需要扭矩的大小与所述电机的轴承摩擦力有关，也就是于轴承的润滑油脂的润滑情况有关，而润滑油脂的润滑情况与润滑油脂的温度相关，那么电机的启动所需要扭矩的大小与润滑油脂的温度有关，提高润滑油脂的温度可以减小电机的启动电流。而润滑油脂是覆盖于轴承上，其温度几乎与轴承的温度相同，那么电机本身以及电机的相关部件的温度可以直接或间接反映出轴承的温度及摩擦力情况，可以用来作为设置启动电流的依据。电机本身以及电机的相关部件的温度均可以通过温度传感器进行直接测量，而电机本身的温度还可以根据电机的参数进行计算间接得到。
在一个实施例中，对电机进行实时监测，可以获取或计算得到电机的电压、电流、感应电动势、电阻、轴承温度、轴承座的温度、控制电机的电路板的温度等，可以选择其中一个或多个参数作为设置启动电流的依据；当选择多个参数作为依据时，可以设置多个参数的权重，综合考虑多个参数的权重后设置启动电流。
可选地，在所述电机的环境温度小于温度阈值时，则以第一启动电流启动所述电机；在所述环境温度大于等于所述温度阈值，则以第二启动电流启动所述电机，其中，所述第二启动电流小于所述第一启动电流。
其中，当电机的环境温度小于预设的温度阈值时，说明电机处于低温环境中，电机的轴承的摩擦力增加，需要增加启动电流以提供足以克服摩擦力的扭矩，使电机的转子转动；当电机的环境温度大于等于预设的温度阈值时，说明电机没有处于低温环境中，电机的轴承的摩擦力比低温环境时的小，那么此时启动电流就可以设置为比低温环境时的启动电流小。
可选地，所述第一启动电流小于4安培；或者，所述温度阈值小于等于0度。在此需要说明的是，上述第一启动电流和温度阈值仅为示例，第一启动电流和温度阈值均可以根据轴承参数、润滑油脂参数、电机参数进行调整，在此不做限制。
可选地，所述方法200还包括：
按照第一转速给所述电机通入相应的启动电流；
获取所述电机的当前转速，并且确定所述当前转速是否达到第一转速；
若未达到所述第一转速，则确定所述电机无法启动。
在电机的启动过程中，当电机的转速在无法达到第一阶段的设定转速则说明电机无法完成后续的加速过程，也即无法完成电机的启动。
可选地，若达到所述第一转速，则根据所述电机的当前电流，确定是否增大电机的转速。
可选地，若所述电机的当前电流小于预设电流，则增大所述电机的转速。
可选地，在所述电机的当前电流小于预设电流时，持续增加所述电机的转速，直至所述电机的转速达到第二速度。
可选地，若达到所述第一转速，则连续多次获取所述电机的当前电流。
其中，当启动电机后电机的转速达到了预设的第一转速，那么可以逐渐增加或阶梯式增加电机的电流，使转速逐渐增加或阶梯式增加，直到电机的转速达到目标转速即第二转速。同时，为了防止误操作，保证电机启动的可靠性，可以连续多次获取电机的当前电流，当电机的电流单次或连续多次小于电流阈值时增加转速的步骤，直至电机的转速达到目标转速。需要说明的是，上述启动过程中，电流上升变化的速率是可以根据负载的不同进行调整设置的，电流上升速率越大则启动转矩越大，启动时间越短。
可选地，所述方法还包括：
在确定所述电机无法启动，并且所述电机的环境温度小于阈值温度时，则控制电机进入加热模式。
润滑油脂是覆盖于轴承上，其温度几乎与轴承的温度相同，并成正相关，那么可以通过控制轴承的温度来控制润滑油脂的温度。轴承与电机本身以及电机的相关部件存在直接或间接的物理接触，那么升高电机本身以及电机的相关部件的温度所产生的热量，通过热传导传递至轴承，使轴承的温度升高。
需要说明的是，热传导也可以通过介质来传递，如空气等；而且所述加热模式可以是本发明实施例第一方面所述的加热模式，也可以是其他合理的加热模式。
可选地，在所述电机的环境温度大于温度阈值时，再次启动所述电机。
当加热模式使得轴承和润滑油脂的温度升高到一定阈值时，也即电机的环境温度达到温度阈值之后，说明电机轴承的摩擦力减小，可以再次启动电机。
可选地，所述方法还包括：根据所述电机的电流以及持续时间，确定所述电机是否处于异常状态。
可选地，在所述电机的电流大于预设电流，并且持续时间大于预设时间时，确定所述电机处于异常状态。
可选地，所述预设时间大于等于5秒；或者，所述预设电流大于等于3安培。
电机的启动过程中，为了保证启动的安全性，可以持续监测电机的电流，当因为某种原因电机的电流在预设时间内一直以高电流工作，那么电机会容易烧毁。为了防止电机因为持续通入大电流而烧毁，当监测的电机的电流出现这 种情况，则应该立即控制电机停机，以保护电机不被损坏。
需要说明的是，上述预设电流和预设时间均为举例，可以根据电机参数、实际情况和设计需要来调整所述预设电流和预设时间，在此不做限制。
在一个实施例中，参见图3，图3示出了本发明实施例的控制方法的示例的示意性流程图。如图3所示，所述方法300包括：
首先，在步骤S301，开始电机的缓启动过程。
其次，在步骤S302，获取所述电机的环境温度，设置电机的启动电流为第一电流以及第一阶段的目标转速为第一转速2000rpm；将第一电流输入电机后电机的转速开始增加。
接着，在步骤S303，对电机的转速进行采样，判断电机的转速是否达到第一转速2000rpm；其中，可以是实时定期对电机的转速进行采样，还可以是预定时间T1后对电机的转速进行预设次数的采样，采样的时间和频率可以根据实际情况进行调整，在此不做限制；而具体的采样结果可以是通过转速传感器直接获取，也可以是通过获取电机的电流、电压或感应电动势等参数间接获取，在此不做限制。
接着，在步骤S304，当预定时间T2后电机的转速达到第一转速2000rpm时，则多次检测电机的电流，如果连续2次检测到电机的电流小于1A，则说明电机启动过程正常，可以继续增加转速进行后续的缓启动过程。
接着，在步骤S305，升高电机的电流以将电机转速增加1000rpm。
接着，在步骤S306，检测所述电机的当前转速并判断当前转速是否达到完成启动的目标转速；如果达到则电机启动完成，如果没有达到，则重复步骤S304至步骤S306，直至电机启动完成。
其中，在步骤S303，如果电机转速没有达到第一转速2000rpm，则执行步骤S307。
在步骤S307，由于预定时间T2后电机的转速没有达到第一转速2000rpm时，则说明电机无法启动。
接着，在步骤S308，判断电机的环境温度是否小于温度阈值-20度，如果电机的环境温度不小于温度阈值-20度，则说明电机异常；如果电机的环境温度小于温度阈值-20度，则说明电机的环境温度很低，第一电流产生的转矩不 足以启动电机，需要减少轴承的摩擦力，则执行步骤S350。
接着，在步骤S309，电机进入加热模式，向电机的A、B、C三相线圈轮流通入相同时间的预热电流，或向电机的A、B、C三相线圈轮流通入采用SVPWM算法控制的预热电压，以使线圈均匀发热，升高轴承及轴承上的润滑油脂的温度，以减小摩擦力，解决低温下电机难以启动的问题。
接着，在步骤S310，当电机的环境温度上升到大于温度阈值-20度时，再次启动电机，执行步骤S302，继续进行电机缓启动，直至电机完成启动。
由此可知，上述电机的控制方法300在通过在环境温度较低时预热电机的轴承或升高启动电流，保证了电机不被烧毁的同时降低了低温下的启动电流，兼顾了高低温环境的启动电流，实现了电机在宽温度范围内的启动，提高了电机工作的可靠性。
第四方面，本发明实施例提供了一种电机的控制器，包括：
驱动电路，用于提供所述电机的工作电流；
一个或多个处理器，单独地或共同地工作；
其中，所述处理器与驱动电路电连接，用于控制所述驱动电路提供相应的工作电流给所述电机，所述处理器能够执行第三方面所述方法。
可选地，所述驱动电路包括多个可控开关，例如MOS管。
第五方面，本发明实施例提供了一种测距传感器，包括：
功能部件，能够运动；
电机，用于带动所述功能部件；
第四方面所述的控制器，与所述电机电连接，用于控制所述电机的工作状态。
可选地，所述功能部件的运动模式包括如下至少一种：转动，滑动，摆动。
可选地，所述功能部件包括如下至少一种：光学元件，声学元件，电学元件，力学元件。
可选地，所述测距传感器包括如下至少一种：激光传感器，红外传感器，超声波传感器，单目传感器，双目传感器。
可选地，所述电机为内转子电机或者外转子电机。
可选地，所述电机为中空电机，所述功能部件位于所述电机内。
其中，中空电机在中间部分具有中空的容置空间，从而使得功能部件，例如光学元件能够放置于该中空的容置空间，因此，能够有效降低中空电机的驱动装置的体积。
可选地，所述功能部件位于所述电机的转子内，并且与所述电机的转子固定连接。
可选地，所述控制器位于所述电机的外部。
第五方面，本发明实施例提供了一种可移动平台，包括：
平台本体；以及
第二方面或第五方面所述的所述测距传感器，安装在所述平台本体上，用于感测所述平台本体周围的障碍物的距离。
本发明各个实施例提供的电机的控制方法及其控制器、测距传感器可以应用于测距装置，该测距装置可以是激光雷达、激光测距设备等电子设备。在一种实施例中，测距装置用于感测外部环境信息，例如，环境目标的距离信息、方位信息、反射强度信息、速度信息等。一种实现方式中，测距装置可以通过测量测距装置和探测物之间光传播的时间，即光飞行时间(Time-of-Fl ight，TOF)，来探测探测物到测距装置的距离。或者，测距装置也可以通过其他技术来探测探测物到测距装置的距离，例如基于相位移动(phase shift)测量的测距方法，或者基于频率移动(frequency shift)测量的测距方法，在此不做限制。
为了便于理解，以下将结合图4所示的测距装置400对测距的工作流程进行举例描述。
如图4所示，测距装置400可以包括发射电路410、接收电路420、采样电路430和运算电路440。
发射电路410可以发射光脉冲序列(例如激光脉冲序列)。接收电路420可以接收经过被探测物反射的光脉冲序列，并对该光脉冲序列进行光电转换，以得到电信号，再对电信号进行处理之后可以输出给采样电路430。采样电路 430可以对电信号进行采样，以获取采样结果。运算电路440可以基于采样电路430的采样结果，以确定测距装置400与被探测物之间的距离。
可选地，该测距装置400还可以包括控制电路450，该控制电路450可以实现对其他电路的控制，例如，可以控制各个电路的工作时间和/或对各个电路进行参数设置等。
应理解，虽然图4示出的测距装置中包括一个发射电路、一个接收电路、一个采样电路和一个运算电路，用于出射一路光束进行探测，但是本申请实施例并不限于此，发射电路、接收电路、采样电路、运算电路中的任一种电路的数量也可以是至少两个，用于沿相同方向或分别沿不同方向出射至少两路光束；其中，该至少两束光路可以是同时出射，也可以是分别在不同时刻出射。一个示例中，该至少两个发射电路中的发光芯片封装在同一个模块中。例如，每个发射电路包括一个激光发射芯片，该至少两个发射电路中的激光发射芯片中的叠封装到一起，容置在同一个封装空间中。
一些实现方式中，除了图4所示的电路，测距装置400还可以包括扫描模块460，用于将发射电路出射的至少一路激光脉冲序列改变传播方向出射。
其中，可以将包括发射电路410、接收电路420、采样电路430和运算电路440的模块，或者，包括发射电路410、接收电路420、采样电路4430、运算电路440和控制电路450的模块称为测距模块，该测距模块可以独立于其他模块，例如，扫描模块460。
测距装置中可以采用同轴光路，也即测距装置出射的光束和经反射回来的光束在测距装置内共用至少部分光路。例如，发射电路出射的至少一路激光脉冲序列经扫描模块改变传播方向出射后，经探测物反射回来的激光脉冲序列经过扫描模块后入射至接收电路。或者，测距装置也可以采用异轴光路，也即测距装置出射的光束和经反射回来的光束在测距装置内分别沿不同的光路传输。图5示出了本发明的测距装置采用同轴光路的一种实施例的示意图。
测距装置500包括测距模块510，测距模块510包括发射器503(可以包括上述的发射电路)、准直元件504、探测器505(可以包括上述的接收电路、采样电路和运算电路)和光路改变元件506。测距模块510用于发射光束，且接收回光，将回光转换为电信号。其中，发射器503可以用于发射光脉冲序列。在一个实施例中，发射器503可以发射激光脉冲序列。可选的，发射器503 发射出的激光束为波长在可见光范围之外的窄带宽光束。准直元件504设置于发射器的出射光路上，用于准直从发射器503发出的光束，将发射器503发出的光束准直为平行光出射至扫描模块。准直元件还用于会聚经探测物反射的回光的至少一部分。该准直元件504可以是准直透镜或者是其他能够准直光束的元件。
在图5所示实施例中，通过光路改变元件506来将测距装置内的发射光路和接收光路在准直元件504之前合并，使得发射光路和接收光路可以共用同一个准直元件，使得光路更加紧凑。在其他的一些实现方式中，也可以是发射器503和探测器505分别使用各自的准直元件，将光路改变元件506设置在准直元件之后的光路上。
在图5所示实施例中，由于发射器503出射的光束的光束孔径较小，测距装置所接收到的回光的光束孔径较大，所以光路改变元件可以采用小面积的反射镜来将发射光路和接收光路合并。在其他的一些实现方式中，光路改变元件也可以采用带通孔的反射镜，其中该通孔用于透射发射器503的出射光，反射镜用于将回光反射至探测器505。这样可以减小采用小反射镜的情况中小反射镜的支架会对回光的遮挡。
在图5所示实施例中，光路改变元件偏离了准直元件504的光轴。在其他的一些实现方式中，光路改变元件也可以位于准直元件504的光轴上。
测距装置500还包括扫描模块502。扫描模块502放置于测距模块510的出射光路上，扫描模块502用于改变经准直元件504出射的准直光束515的传输方向并投射至外界环境，并将回光投射至准直元件504。回光经准直元件504汇聚到探测器505上。
在一个实施例中，扫描模块502可以包括至少一个光学元件，用于改变光束的传播路径，其中，该光学元件可以通过对光束进行反射、折射、衍射等等方式来改变光束传播路径。例如，扫描模块502包括透镜、反射镜、棱镜、振镜、光栅、液晶、光学相控阵(Optical Phased Array)或上述光学元件的任意组合。一个示例中，至少部分光学元件是运动的，例如通过驱动模块来驱动该至少部分光学元件进行运动，该运动的光学元件可以在不同时刻将光束反射、折射或衍射至不同的方向。在一些实施例中，扫描模块502的多个光学元件可以绕共同的轴509旋转或振动，每个旋转或振动的光学元件用于不断改变 入射光束的传播方向。在一个实施例中，扫描模块502的多个光学元件可以以不同的转速旋转，或以不同的速度振动。在另一个实施例中，扫描模块502的至少部分光学元件可以以基本相同的转速旋转。在一些实施例中，扫描模块的多个光学元件也可以是绕不同的轴旋转。在一些实施例中，扫描模块的多个光学元件也可以是以相同的方向旋转，或以不同的方向旋转；或者沿相同的方向振动，或者沿不同的方向振动，在此不作限制。
在一个实施例中，扫描模块502包括第一光学元件514和与第一光学元件514连接的驱动器516，驱动器516用于驱动第一光学元件514绕转动轴509转动，使第一光学元件514改变准直光束519的方向。第一光学元件514将准直光束519投射至不同的方向。在一个实施例中，准直光束519经第一光学元件改变后的方向与转动轴509的夹角随着第一光学元件514的转动而变化。在一个实施例中，第一光学元件514包括相对的非平行的一对表面，准直光束519穿过该对表面。在一个实施例中，第一光学元件514包括厚度沿至少一个径向变化的棱镜。在一个实施例中，第一光学元件514包括楔角棱镜，对准直光束519进行折射。
在一个实施例中，扫描模块502还包括第二光学元件515，第二光学元件515绕转动轴509转动，第二光学元件515的转动速度与第一光学元件514的转动速度不同。第二光学元件515用于改变第一光学元件514投射的光束的方向。在一个实施例中，第二光学元件515与另一驱动器517连接，驱动器517驱动第二光学元件515转动。第一光学元件514和第二光学元件515可以由相同或不同的驱动器驱动，使第一光学元件514和第二光学元件515的转速和/或转向不同，从而将准直光束515投射至外界空间不同的方向，可以扫描较大的空间范围。在一个实施例中，控制器518控制驱动器516和517，分别驱动第一光学元件514和第二光学元件515。第一光学元件514和第二光学元件515的转速可以根据实际应用中预期扫描的区域和样式确定。驱动器516和517可以包括电机或其他驱动器。
在一个实施例中，第二光学元件515包括相对的非平行的一对表面，光束穿过该对表面。在一个实施例中，第二光学元件515包括厚度沿至少一个径向变化的棱镜。在一个实施例中，第二光学元件515包括楔角棱镜。
一个实施例中，扫描模块502还包括第三光学元件(图未示)和用于驱动 第三光学元件运动的驱动器。可选地，该第三光学元件包括相对的非平行的一对表面，光束穿过该对表面。在一个实施例中，第三光学元件包括厚度沿至少一个径向变化的棱镜。在一个实施例中，第三光学元件包括楔角棱镜。第一、第二和第三光学元件中的至少两个光学元件以不同的转速和/或转向转动。
扫描模块502中的各光学元件旋转可以将光投射至不同的方向，例如光511和513的方向，如此对测距装置500周围的空间进行扫描。当扫描模块502投射出的光511打到被探测物501时，一部分光被探测物501沿与投射的光511相反的方向反射至测距装置500。被探测物501反射的回光512经过扫描模块502后入射至准直元件504。
探测器505与发射器503放置于准直元件504的同一侧，探测器505用于将穿过准直元件504的至少部分回光转换为电信号。
一个实施例中，各光学元件上镀有增透膜。可选的，增透膜的厚度与发射器103发射出的光束的波长相等或接近，能够增加透射光束的强度。
一个实施例中，测距装置中位于光束传播路径上的一个元件表面上镀有滤光层，或者在光束传播路径上设置有滤光器，用于至少透射发射器所出射的光束所在波段，反射其他波段，以减少环境光给接收器带来的噪音。
在一些实施例中，发射器503可以包括激光二极管，通过激光二极管发射纳秒级别的激光脉冲。进一步地，可以确定激光脉冲接收时间，例如，通过探测电信号脉冲的上升沿时间和/或下降沿时间确定激光脉冲接收时间。如此，测距装置500可以利用脉冲接收时间信息和脉冲发出时间信息计算TOF，从而确定被探测物501到测距装置500的距离。
测距装置500探测到的距离和方位可以用于遥感、避障、测绘、建模、导航等。在一种实施例中，本发明实施例的测距装置可应用于移动平台，测距装置可安装在移动平台的平台本体。具有测距装置的移动平台可对外部环境进行测量，例如，测量移动平台与障碍物的距离用于避障等用途，和对外部环境进行二维或三维的测绘。在某些实施例中，移动平台包括无人飞行器、汽车、遥控车、机器人、相机中的至少一种。当测距装置应用于无人飞行器时，平台本体为无人飞行器的机身。当测距装置应用于汽车时，平台本体为汽车的车身。该汽车可以是自动驾驶汽车或者半自动驾驶汽车，在此不做限制。当测距装置应用于遥控车时，平台本体为遥控车的车身。当测距装置应用于机器人时，平 台本体为机器人。当测距装置应用于相机时，平台本体为相机本身。
本发明通过提供上述电机的控制方法及其控制器、测距装置和移动平台，通过在环境温度较低时预热电机的轴承或升高启动电流，在环境温度较高时，减少启动电流，实现了电机在宽温度范围内的启动，提高了电机工作的可靠性。
本发明实施例中所使用的技术术语仅用于说明特定实施例而并不旨在限定本发明。在本文中，单数形式“一”、“该”及“所述”用于同时包括复数形式，除非上下文中明确另行说明。进一步地，在说明书中所使用的用于“包括”和/或“包含”是指存在所述特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件和/或构件，但是并不排除存在或增加一个或多个其它特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件和/或构件。
在所附权利要求中对应结构、材料、动作以及所有装置或者步骤以及功能元件的等同形式(如果存在的话)旨在包括结合其他明确要求的元件用于执行该功能的任何结构、材料或动作。本发明的描述出于实施例和描述的目的被给出，但并不旨在是穷举的或者将被发明限制在所公开的形式。在不偏离本发明的范围和精神的情况下，多种修改和变形对于本领域的一般技术人员而言是显而易见的。本发明中所描述的实施例能够更好地揭示本发明的原理与实际应用，并使本领域的一般技术人员可了解本发明。
本发明中所描述的流程图仅仅为一个实施例，在不偏离本发明的精神的情况下对此图示或者本发明中的步骤可以有多种修改变化。比如，可以不同次序的执行这些步骤，或者可以增加、删除或者修改某些步骤。本领域的一般技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例的全部或部分流程，并依本发明权利要求所作的等同变化，仍属于发明所涵盖的范围。

Claims (42)

  1. 一种电机的控制方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    检测电机的环境温度是否低于温度阈值；
    如果所述电机的环境温度低于所述温度阈值，则增加所述电机的启动电流至第一启动电流，并以所述第一启动电流启动电机；
    检测所述电机的转速是否达到第一转速；
    如果所述电机的转速没有达到所述第一转速，则控制所述电机进入加热模式。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述加热模式包括：向所述电机的线圈轮流通入预热电流或预热电压，使所述电机线圈均匀发热。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，向所述电机的线圈轮流通入预热电流，包括：向所述线圈的每一相线圈依次输入相同时间的预热电流。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，向所述电机的线圈轮流通入预热电压，包括：采用SVPWM算法控制所述预热电压。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述加热模式还包括：所述电机线圈均匀发热使得所述电机的环境温度升高，所述轴承座上的润滑脂的温度也升高。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一启动电流包括：所述线圈绕组的表面温度达到热平衡时所允许的启动电流。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述线圈绕组的表面温度为-20°时所允许的启动电流与所述线圈绕组的表面温度为65°时所允许的启动电流之差为1.3A。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：如果所述 电机的环境温度不低于所述温度阈值，则以所述第二启动电流启动电机，所述第二启动电流小于所述第一启动电流。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    如果所述电机的转速达到所述第一转速，则定时检测所述电机的电流；
    判断所述电机的电流是否连续两次小于电流阈值，当所述电机的电流连续两次小于电流阈值时，将所述电机的转速增加预定转速。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，将所述电机的转速增加所述预定转速包括：增加所述电机的电流。
  11. 如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    检测所述电机的转速增加预定转速后是否达到第二转速，如果达到所述第二转速则完成启动；
    如果没有达到所述第二转速则重复判断所述电机的电流是否连续两次小于电流阈值，并当所述电机的电流连续两次小于电流阈值时，将所述电机的转速增加预定转速。
  12. 一种测距传感器，其特征在，所述装置包括：
    光产生元件，用于产生光信号；
    光学元件，固定于电机上，用于反射或透射所述光信号；
    电机，用于带动所述光学元件转动；
    控制器，与所述电机电连接，用于控制所述电机转动，
    其中，所述控制器包括一个或多个处理器，所述处理器单独地或共同地工作，所述处理器用于执行权利要求1-12任一项所述的方法。
  13. 一种电机的控制方法，其特征在于，包括：
    获取所述电机的环境温度；
    根据所述电机的环境温度，确定所述电机的启动电流的大小；
    按照确定的所述启动电流，控制所述电机开始启动。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，所述电机的环境温度包括如下至少一种：所述电机自身的温度，所述电机相关部件的温度。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，所述电机相关部件的温度包括如下至少一种：与所述电机连接的轴承的温度，用于控制所述电机的电路板的温度。
  16. 如权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，所述电机自身的温度通过温度传感器感测获取。
  17. 如权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，所述电机自身的温度通过计算所述电机的电参数计算得到。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的方法，其特征在于，所述电机的参数包括如下至少一种：感应电动势，电阻。
  19. 如权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述电机的环境温度小于温度阈值时，则以第一启动电流启动所述电机；在所述环境温度大于等于所述温度阈值，则以第二启动电流启动所述电机，其中，所述第二启动电流小于所述第一启动电流。
  20. 如权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一启动电流小于4安培；或者，所述温度阈值小于等于0度。
  21. 如权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    按照第一转速给所述电机通入相应的启动电流；
    获取所述电机的当前转速，并且确定所述当前转速是否达到第一转速；
    若未达到所述第一转速，则确定所述电机无法启动。
  22. 如权利要求21所述的方法，其特征在于，若达到所述第一转速，则根据所述电机的当前电流，确定是否增大电机的转速。
  23. 如权利要求22所述的方法，其特征在于，若所述电机的当前电流小于预设电流，则增大所述电机的转速。
  24. 如权利要求22所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述电机的当前电流小于预设电流时，持续增加所述电机的转速，直至所述电机的转速达到第二速度。
  25. 如权利要求21所述的方法，其特征在于，若达到所述第一转速，则连续多次获取所述电机的当前电流。
  26. 如权利要求21所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    在确定所述电机无法启动，并且所述电机的环境温度小于阈值温度时，则控制电机进入加热模式。
  27. 如权利要求26所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述电机的环境温度大于温度阈值时，再次启动所述电机。
  28. 如权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：根据所述电机的电流以及持续时间，确定所述电机是否处于异常状态。
  29. 如权利要求28所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述电机的电流大于预设电流，并且持续时间大于预设时间时，确定所述电机处于异常状态。
  30. 如权利要求29所述的方法，其特征在于，所述预设时间大于等于5秒；或者，所述预设电流大于等于3安培。
  31. 一种电机的控制器，其特征在于，包括：
    驱动电路，用于提供所述电机的工作电流；
    一个或多个处理器，单独地或共同地工作；
    其中，所述处理器与驱动电路电连接，用于控制所述驱动电路提供相应的工作电流给所述电机，所述处理器能够执行权要求13-30任一项所述方法。
  32. 如权利要求31所述的控制器，其特征在于，所述驱动电路包括多个MOS管。
  33. 一种测距传感器，其特征在于，包括：
    功能部件，能够运动；
    电机，用于带动所述功能部件；
    权利要求31所述的控制器，与所述电机电连接，用于控制所述电机的工作状态。
  34. 如权利要求33所述的测距传感器，其特征在于，所述功能部件的运动模式包括如下至少一种：转动，滑动，摆动。
  35. 如权利要求33所述的测距传感器，其特征在于，所述功能部件包括如下至少一种：光学元件，声学元件，电学元件，力学元件。
  36. 如权利要求33所述的测距传感器，其特征在于，所述测距传感器包括如下至少一种：激光传感器，红外传感器，超声波传感器，单目，双目。
  37. 如权利要求33所述的测距传感器，其特征在于，所述电机为内转子电机或者外转子电机。
  38. 如权利要求33所述的测距传感器，其特征在于，所述电机为中空电机，所述功能部件位于所述电机内。
  39. 如权利要求38所述的测距传感器，其特征在于，所述功能部件位于所述电机的转子内，并且与所述电机的转子固定连接。
  40. 如权利要求16所述的测距传感器，其特征在于，所述控制器位于所述电机的外部。
  41. 一种可移动平台，其特征在于，包括：
    平台本体；以及
    权利要求所述12，33-40任一项所述测距传感器，安装在所述平台本体上，用于感测所述平台本体周围的障碍物的距离。
  42. 如权利要求41所述的可移动平台，其特征在于，所述可移动平台包括无人飞行器、汽车、遥控车、机器人、相机中的至少一种。
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