WO2020140642A1 - 一种电池模块、电池包及车辆 - Google Patents

一种电池模块、电池包及车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020140642A1
WO2020140642A1 PCT/CN2019/120114 CN2019120114W WO2020140642A1 WO 2020140642 A1 WO2020140642 A1 WO 2020140642A1 CN 2019120114 W CN2019120114 W CN 2019120114W WO 2020140642 A1 WO2020140642 A1 WO 2020140642A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
battery module
cable tie
vertical direction
electrode assembly
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2019/120114
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
金海族
周灵刚
史东洋
王鹏
林永寿
项延火
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Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Publication of WO2020140642A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020140642A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0413—Large-sized flat cells or batteries for motive or stationary systems with plate-like electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0431—Cells with wound or folded electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0463—Cells or batteries with horizontal or inclined electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0481—Compression means other than compression means for stacks of electrodes and separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/258—Modular batteries; Casings provided with means for assembling
    • H01M50/26—Assemblies sealed to each other in a non-detachable manner
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/262—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks
    • H01M50/264—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks for cells or batteries, e.g. straps, tie rods or peripheral frames
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/547—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells
    • H01M50/55—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells on the same side of the cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of energy storage equipment, in particular to a battery module, a battery pack and a vehicle.
  • the secondary battery has the advantages of large energy density, long service life, energy saving and environmental protection, and is widely used in different fields such as new energy vehicles and energy storage power stations.
  • a plurality of battery cells When in use, usually a plurality of battery cells are stacked and electrically connected to each other through a bus bar to form a battery module.
  • an end plate and a side plate are usually provided in the battery module, and the end plate and the side plate are connected to each other to form a module frame, and the plurality of battery cells are fixed in the module frame.
  • the existing battery module end plate has a large volume, which results in a low energy density of the battery module and is not conducive to weight reduction of the battery module.
  • the inventor provides a battery module including a plurality of battery cells arranged in a horizontal direction and a plurality of bus bars electrically connected to the plurality of battery cells, the battery cells
  • the body includes an electrode assembly and a battery case, the electrode assembly is accommodated in the battery case, the electrode assembly includes a first pole piece, a second pole piece, and the first pole piece and the second pole The diaphragm between the sheets.
  • the size of the battery module in the horizontal direction is larger than the size of the battery module in the vertical direction.
  • the electrode assembly has a wound structure and is flat.
  • the outer surface of the electrode assembly includes two flat surfaces, and the two flat surfaces face each other along the vertical direction; or, the electrode assembly is In the laminated structure, the first pole piece, the diaphragm, and the second pole piece are laminated in the vertical direction.
  • the battery case includes two first surfaces and two second surfaces, the area of the first surface is larger than the area of the second surface; the two of each battery cell The second surfaces face each other in the horizontal direction, and the two first surfaces in each of the battery cells face each other in the vertical direction.
  • the battery cell has a plurality of the electrode assemblies, and the plurality of electrode assemblies are stacked along the vertical direction.
  • the number of layers of the battery cells stacked in the vertical direction is 1-5 layers.
  • the number of layers of the battery cells stacked in the vertical direction is 2 or 3 layers.
  • the battery case further includes a third surface, and the two first surfaces and the two second surfaces collectively surround the third surface; the area of the first surface is larger than the area of the third surface .
  • the battery cell further includes a first electrode terminal and a second electrode terminal, and the first electrode terminal and the second electrode terminal are both disposed on the third surface.
  • a cable tie that surrounds the outer peripheries of the plurality of battery cells, the cable tie includes two long sides and two short sides, and the long side and the first surface face each other and along The horizontal direction extends, the short side and the second surface face each other and extend in the vertical direction.
  • the cable ties are included, and the cable ties are distributed at intervals.
  • the cable tie has a first end portion and a second end portion, the first end portion and the second end portion are stacked in the vertical direction to form a joint portion, the joint portion and the The first surfaces face each other; or, the cable tie has a first end and a second end, the first end and the second end are stacked in the horizontal direction to form a joint, the The engaging portion and the second surface face each other.
  • joints of the at least two cable ties are arranged in a straight line.
  • the cable tie surrounds the plurality of battery cells and the two end plates The outer periphery.
  • a surface of the end plate away from the battery cell is provided with a cable tie limit groove, the cable tie limit groove extends along the vertical direction, and the short side of the cable tie is accommodated in The cable tie limiting groove; or, the end plate is provided with a cable tie limiting hole, the cable tie limiting hole extends in a vertical direction, and the short side of the cable tie passes through the Cable tie limit hole.
  • the ratio of the size of the battery module in the horizontal direction to the size of the battery module in the vertical direction is greater than or equal to 4.
  • the present invention also provides another technical solution: a battery pack, including a box body, with a containing cavity; and a plurality of battery modules according to any one of the above technical solutions, a plurality of the batteries The module is located in the receiving cavity.
  • the present invention also provides another technical solution: a vehicle, including: a vehicle body; and a battery pack, the battery pack is provided in the vehicle body, the battery pack is any of the above technical solutions The battery pack.
  • the electrode assembly Since the electrode assembly inevitably expands in the thickness direction of the pole piece during the charging and discharging process (in the electrode assembly of the wound structure, the expansion force is greatest in the direction perpendicular to the flat surface; in the electrode assembly of the laminated structure , The expansion force is greatest along the stacking direction of the first pole piece and the second pole piece).
  • the direction in which the electrode assembly exerts the largest expansion force on the battery case is all toward the horizontal direction.
  • the electrode assembly may be a wound structure or a laminated structure.
  • the flat surface faces the vertical direction.
  • the electrode assembly has a laminated structure, the first pole piece and the second pole piece are laminated in the vertical direction.
  • the direction in which the electrode assembly exerts the maximum expansion force on the battery case faces the vertical direction.
  • the direction in which the electrode assembly applies the maximum expansion force to the battery case is toward the vertical direction, and the number of battery cells stacked in the vertical direction is small. Therefore, compared with the prior art, the above solution can reduce the maximum expansion force of the battery module, so a smaller volume end plate can be selected, thereby improving the energy density of the battery module.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded view of the battery pack according to the specific embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the battery module and the case in the battery pack according to the specific embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged view of part A in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the battery module according to the specific embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery cell according to the specific embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is an exploded view of the battery cell according to the specific embodiment.
  • FIG. 7A is a cross-sectional view of the electrode assembly of the wound structure according to the specific embodiment taken along the direction D-D in FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 7B is a schematic diagram of the outline of the electrode assembly of the wound structure taken along the line D-D in FIG. 6 according to the specific embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the electrode assembly of the laminated structure according to the specific embodiment taken along the direction D-D in FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the battery module according to the specific embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is an exploded view of the battery module shown in FIG. 9.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of the end plate according to a specific embodiment.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of the end plate according to the specific embodiment.
  • 13 is a cross-sectional view of the head-to-tail junction of the cable tie according to the embodiment.
  • connection refers to more than two; the terms “connection” and “fixation” should be understood in a broad sense.
  • connection may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection, Or electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary.
  • the direction indicated by arrow A is the length direction
  • the direction indicated by arrow B is the width direction
  • the direction indicated by arrow C is the vertical direction.
  • the horizontal direction is a direction parallel to the horizontal plane, and may be the above-mentioned longitudinal direction or the above-mentioned width direction.
  • the horizontal direction includes not only the direction absolutely parallel to the horizontal plane, but also the direction generally parallel to the horizontal plane conventionally recognized in engineering.
  • the vertical direction is a direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane.
  • the vertical direction includes not only the direction absolutely perpendicular to the horizontal plane, but also the direction generally perpendicular to the horizontal plane conventionally recognized in engineering.
  • directional words such as "upper”, “lower”, “top”, and “bottom” described in this application are all understood relative to the vertical direction.
  • a vehicle in an embodiment, is provided.
  • the vehicle includes a vehicle body and a battery pack.
  • the battery pack is disposed on the vehicle body.
  • the battery pack is the battery pack 200 shown in FIG. 1.
  • the vehicle is a new energy vehicle, which can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle or an extended range vehicle.
  • a driving motor is provided on the main body of the vehicle.
  • the driving motor is electrically connected to the battery pack.
  • the battery pack provides electrical energy and the driving motor passes
  • the transmission mechanism is connected to the wheels on the main body of the vehicle, thereby driving the car to travel.
  • the battery pack may be horizontally arranged at the bottom of the vehicle body.
  • FIG. 1 it is a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack 200 in an embodiment.
  • the battery pack 200 includes a case 20 and a plurality of battery modules 100, wherein the case 20 includes a lower case 210 and an upper case cover 220, FIG. 1 In the middle, the upper case cover 220 and the lower case 210 of the battery pack 200 are separated.
  • the lower case 210 and the upper case cover 220 cooperate to form a closed case with a containing cavity 250, and a plurality of battery modules 100 are located in the containing cavity 250.
  • the box 20 can be made of aluminum, aluminum alloy or other metal materials.
  • the plurality of battery modules 100 may be arranged side by side along the length direction of the battery pack 200, or the plurality of battery modules 100 may be arranged side by side along the width direction of the battery pack 200.
  • the battery module 100 has a plurality of battery cells 1, and the plurality of battery cells 1 in the battery module 100 may be surrounded together by a cable tie 3, wherein one battery module 100 may be provided with more than two cable tie 3, tie
  • the belt includes two long sides 31 and two short sides 32, wherein the long side 31 extends in the horizontal direction (for example, the length direction indicated by arrow A), and the short side 32 is in the vertical direction (the direction indicated by arrow C) extend.
  • a glue 230 is provided between the top of the battery module 100 and the upper case cover 220 of the case 20, and between the bottom of the battery module 100 and the lower case 210 of the case 20 There is glue 240, so the battery module 100 is connected to the case 20 through the glue 230 and the glue 240.
  • the glue 230 and the glue 240 can be disposed between the long sides 31 of two adjacent cable ties on the battery module 100, and the long sides 31 of the two tie ties 3 can restrict the direction of the glue 230 and the glue 240 when they are not solidified.
  • the overflowing ensures that the adhesive 230 is effectively bonded to the top of the battery module 100 and the upper case cover 220, and the adhesive 240 is effectively bonded to the bottom of the battery module 100 and the lower case 210.
  • the battery module 100 is connected to the case 20 through the glue 230 and the glue 240, so that the battery module 100 and the case 20 are integrated, and the connection strength between the case 20 and the battery module 100 is strengthened, thus improving the overall battery pack Stiffness.
  • the surface of the cable tie 3 is in contact with the first surface 110 of the battery cell 1, and the inner surface of the upper case cover 220 is in contact with the other surface of the cable tie 3 so that the upper case cover 220, the cable tie 3 and The three of the battery cells 1 are in close contact.
  • the thickness of the glue 230 in the space enclosed by the long sides 31 of the two adjacent cable ties 3, the upper surface 110 of the battery cell 1 and the inner surface of the upper case cover 220 is the thickness of the cable tie 3, so that the thickness Control the thickness of the glue 230.
  • the long side 31 of the cable tie 3 at the bottom of the battery cell 1 can also be in close contact with the surface of the lower case 210 and the battery cell 1, so that the thickness of the glue 240 at the bottom of the battery cell 1 can also be tied to the The thickness of the band 3 is equal.
  • FIG. 3 it is a partially enlarged view of part A in FIG. 12, in which an inner surface on the upper case cover 220 is provided with a second protruding portion 220-1 downward, and the second protruding portion 220-1 Bond with glue 230.
  • the second protrusion 220-1 is located between the long sides 31 of the two adjacent cable ties 3, that is, the second protrusion 220-1 protrudes toward the position where the glue 230 is located.
  • a space for accommodating the adhesive 230 is left between the end of the second protrusion 220-1 and the upper surface of the battery cell 1, so that the thickness of the adhesive 230 is smaller than the thickness of the cable tie 3.
  • the second protruding portion 220-1 on the upper case cover 220 may be formed by stamping from a die, that is, the die is punched toward the upper surface of the upper case cover 220 so that the upper surface of the upper case cover 220 is concave downward and the lower surface is convex downward Up.
  • the second protruding portion 220-1 may be realized by providing a reinforcing sheet or a reinforcing bar on the upper surface of the upper box cover 220.
  • the inner surface of the upper cover 220 is provided with a second protrusion 220-1.
  • the structural strength of the upper cover 220 can be increased.
  • the second protrusion 220-1 protrudes toward the position where the glue 230 is located.
  • the adhesive 230 is pressed down and on both sides to make the adhesive 230 fully contact the battery cell 1 and the cable tie 3 to ensure the adhesive strength between the adhesive 230 and the battery cell 1 and the cable tie 3.
  • FIG. 4 provides a schematic structural view of a battery module
  • FIG. 5 provides a stereo structural schematic view of a battery cell
  • FIG. 6 provides an exploded view of the battery cell
  • FIG. 7A provides a wound electrode assembly along FIG. 6
  • FIG. 7B provides a cross-sectional view of the wound structure electrode assembly taken along the DD direction in FIG. 6
  • FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along the DD direction in FIG. 6 of the laminated structure electrode assembly.
  • the battery module 100 includes a plurality of battery cells 1 arranged in a horizontal direction and a plurality of bus bars 5 electrically connected to the plurality of battery cells 1.
  • the battery cell 1 is a secondary battery that can be repeatedly charged and discharged, and a plurality of battery cells 1 are realized in series, parallel, or mixed connection through the bus bar 5.
  • the dimension L of the battery module 100 in the horizontal direction is larger than the dimension H of the battery module in the vertical direction.
  • the battery cell 1 includes a battery case 12 and an electrode assembly 11, the battery case 12 may be made of metal materials such as aluminum, aluminum alloy, or nickel-plated steel, and the battery case 12 may have a hexahedral shape Or other shapes, and have openings.
  • the electrode assembly 11 is accommodated in the battery case 12.
  • the opening of the battery case 12 is covered with the cover plate assembly 13.
  • the cover plate assembly 13 includes a cover plate and two electrode terminals provided on the cover plate.
  • the two electrode terminals are a first electrode terminal 131 and a second electrode terminal 132, respectively.
  • the first electrode terminal 131 may be a positive electrode terminal
  • the second electrode terminal 132 may be a negative electrode terminal.
  • the first electrode terminal 131 may also be a negative electrode terminal
  • the second electrode terminal 132 is a positive electrode terminal
  • the cover plate may be made of metal materials such as aluminum and aluminum alloy, and the size of the cover plate is adapted to the size of the opening of the battery case 12.
  • the electrode terminal can be fixed to the cover plate by welding or by fixing pieces such as rivets.
  • An adapter tab 14 is provided between the cover plate assembly 13 and the electrode assembly 11, and the tabs of the electrode assembly 11 are electrically connected to the electrode terminals on the cover plate through the adapter tab 14.
  • two electrode assemblies 11 are provided in the battery case 12, and the two electrode assemblies 11 are stacked in the vertical direction (the direction indicated by arrow C).
  • one electrode assembly 11 may also be provided in the battery case 12, or more than three electrode assemblies 11 may be provided in the battery case.
  • the plurality of electrode assemblies 11 are stacked in the vertical direction (the direction indicated by arrow C).
  • the electrode assembly 11 includes a first pole piece 111, a second pole piece 112, and a separator 113 disposed between the first pole piece 111 and the second pole piece 112 .
  • the first pole piece 111 may be a positive pole piece
  • the second pole piece 112 is a negative pole piece.
  • the first pole piece 111 may also be a negative pole piece
  • the second electrode is a positive pole piece.
  • the diaphragm 113 is an insulator between the first pole piece 111 and the second pole piece 112.
  • the active material of the positive electrode sheet may be coated on the coating area of the positive electrode sheet, and the active material of the negative electrode sheet may be coated on the coating area of the negative electrode sheet.
  • the part extending from the coating area of the positive electrode sheet serves as the positive electrode tab; the part extending from the coating region of the negative electrode sheet serves as the negative electrode tab.
  • the positive tab is connected to the positive electrode terminal on the cover plate assembly 13 through the positive adapter tab, and similarly, the negative tab is connected to the negative electrode terminal on the cover plate assembly 13 through the negative tab.
  • the electrode assembly 11 has a wound structure.
  • the first pole piece 111, the separator 113, and the second pole piece 112 are all strip-shaped structures, and the first pole piece 111, the separator 113, and the second pole piece 112 are sequentially stacked and wound more than two turns to form the electrode assembly 11, And the electrode assembly 11 is flat.
  • the electrode assembly 11 may be first wound into a hollow cylindrical structure, and then flattened after being wound.
  • 7B is a schematic diagram of the outline of the electrode assembly 11.
  • the outer surface of the electrode assembly 11 includes two flat surfaces 114, and the two flat surfaces 114 face each other in the vertical direction (the direction indicated by arrow C), that is, the flat surface 114 and The first surface 110 of the battery case 12 is oppositely arranged.
  • the electrode assembly 11 is substantially a hexahedral structure, and the flat surface 114 is substantially parallel to the winding axis and is the outer surface with the largest area.
  • the flat surface 114 may be a relatively flat surface, and is not required to be purely flat.
  • the two flat surfaces 114 are relative to the narrow surfaces 115 on both sides of the electrode assembly 11, and the area of the flat surface 114 is larger than the narrow surfaces 115 of the electrode assembly 11.
  • the electrode assembly 11 has a laminated structure, that is, the electrode assembly 11 has a plurality of first pole pieces 111 and a plurality of second pole pieces 112, and a separator 113 is provided between the first pole pieces 111 and the first Diode 112.
  • the first pole piece 111, the diaphragm 113, and the second pole piece 112 are stacked in this order.
  • the first pole piece 111, the diaphragm 113, and the second pole piece 112 are stacked in the vertical direction (the direction indicated by arrow C).
  • the electrode assembly 11 Since the electrode assembly 11 inevitably expands in the thickness direction of the pole piece during charging and discharging (in the electrode assembly 11 of the wound structure, the expansion force is greatest in the direction perpendicular to the flat surface 114; in the laminated structure In the electrode assembly 11, the expansion force along the stacking direction of the first pole piece 111 and the second pole piece 112 is the largest).
  • the direction in which the electrode assembly 11 applies the maximum expansion force to the battery case 12 is all toward the horizontal direction. Since the size of the battery module 100 in the horizontal direction is much larger than the size in the vertical direction (for example, due to the height limitation of the chassis of the vehicle, more battery cells 1 need to be stacked in the horizontal direction, and the accumulation of expansion force is large ), therefore, the expansion force of the existing battery module 100 in the horizontal direction is very large, so it is necessary to provide very thick end plates on both sides of the horizontal direction of the battery module 100 to resist the expansion force, and thickening the end plate will reduce the battery The energy density of the module 100.
  • the electrode assembly 11 may be a wound structure or a laminated structure.
  • the flat surface 114 faces the vertical direction.
  • the first pole piece 111 and the second pole piece 112 are laminated in the vertical direction. It can be seen that, whether the electrode assembly 11 adopts the wound structure or the laminated structure, the direction in which the electrode assembly 11 exerts the maximum expansion force on the battery case 12 is oriented in the vertical direction.
  • the direction in which the electrode assembly 11 applies the maximum expansion force to the battery case 12 is toward the vertical direction, and the number of battery cells stacked in the vertical direction is small. Therefore, compared with the prior art, the present embodiment can reduce the maximum expansion force of the battery module 100, and therefore a smaller volume end plate can be selected to improve the energy density of the battery module 100.
  • the number of layers of battery cells 1 stacked in the vertical direction (the direction indicated by arrow C) is 2 layers. In other embodiments, the number of battery cells 1 stacked in the vertical direction may be 1-5. Preferably, the number of layers of the battery cells 1 stacked in the vertical direction is 2 or 3 layers.
  • the ratio of the size of the battery module 100 in the horizontal direction to the size of the battery module 100 in the vertical direction is greater than or equal to 4.
  • the battery case 12 of the battery cell 1 has a roughly hexahedral structure.
  • the battery case 12 includes two first surfaces 110 and two second surfaces 120.
  • the two second surfaces 120 in each battery cell 1 face each other in the horizontal direction (for example, the length direction indicated by arrow A), and the two first surfaces 110 in each battery cell 1 are in the vertical direction (Direction pointed by arrow C) facing each other.
  • the first surface 110 and the second surface 120 can be transitioned at a right angle.
  • the first surface 110 and the second surface 120 can also be transitioned by an arc curved surface or a curved surface bent multiple times.
  • the area of the first surface 110 is larger than the area of the second surface 120.
  • the battery cell 1 Since the battery cell 1 also generates gas inside the battery case 12 during charging and discharging, the generated gas exerts a force on the battery case 12, thereby aggravating the outward expansion of the battery case 12. Since the area of the first surface 110 of the present embodiment is larger than the area of the second surface 120, and the two first surfaces 110 in the battery cell 1 face each other in the vertical direction, the generated gas exerts on the battery case 12 The direction of the maximum force is also toward the vertical direction. Compared with the prior art, the maximum expansion force of the battery module 100 is further reduced.
  • the battery case 12 further includes a third surface 130.
  • the two first surfaces 110 and the two second surfaces 120 together surround the third surface 130, and the area of the first surface 110 is larger than the third.
  • Surface 130 area That is, the first surface 110, the second surface 120, and the third surface 130 are substantially perpendicular to each other, and are connected to each other to form a cavity that houses the electrode assembly 11.
  • the first surface 110 faces the vertical direction, and the area of the first surface 110 is larger than the area of the second surface 120 or the third surface 130.
  • the area of the second surface 120 and the third surface 130 may be equal, or the area of the second surface 120 may be larger or smaller than the area of the third surface 130.
  • the glue 230 and the glue 240 are disposed between the battery module 100 and the upper case cover 1, and the direction of the maximum expansion force of the battery module 100 is toward the vertical direction, it will make the battery module 100
  • the adhesive 230 and the adhesive 240 are tightly attached to prevent the adhesive 230 and the adhesive 240 from falling off.
  • the first electrode terminal 131 and the second electrode terminal 132 on the battery cell 1 may be disposed on the third surface 130 of the battery case 12, so the bus bar 5 connected to the electrode terminal is located on the third surface The side of the battery cell 1 where 130 is located. Since the space of the battery module 100 in the vertical direction is more valuable than the space in other directions, and the bus bar is provided on one side of the first surface 130, the space on the side of the battery module 100 can be fully utilized, and the battery module 100 is reduced along the vertical Straight dimension.
  • the vertical distance of the battery module 100 can be increased to increase the ground clearance of the bottom of the car, which is beneficial to improve the obstacle clearance of the car ability.
  • the battery module 100 includes a cable tie 3, which surrounds the outer peripheries of the plurality of battery cells 1, and is connected together end to end, thereby connecting the plurality of battery cells 1 tied together.
  • the cable tie 3 can be made of nylon, polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride and other materials, and has good flexibility.
  • the cable tie is surrounded by multiple battery cells 1 to form two long sides 31 and two short sides 32 .
  • the long side 31 and the first surface 110 face each other and extend in the horizontal direction (the length direction indicated by arrow A), and the short side 32 and the second surface 120 face each other and in the vertical direction (direction indicated by arrow C) )extend.
  • the battery module 100 Since the expansion force of the battery module 100 in the horizontal direction (for example, the length direction indicated by the arrow A) is small, the strength requirement for the fixing structure of the battery cell 1 is also reduced, and the battery module can be removed by the cable tie 3 In 100, the battery cells 1 are bundled together.
  • the battery module 100 may be fixed by means of bead bars, side plates, or bolts.
  • the cable tie 3 has the advantages of light weight and small occupied volume. Surrounding the outer periphery of the battery cell 1 by the cable tie 3 is more beneficial to the weight reduction of the battery module 100 than other methods.
  • the battery module 100 is provided with at least two cable ties 3, and the adjacent cable ties 3 are spaced apart along the width direction (the direction indicated by arrow B). In other embodiments, the number of cable ties 3 may be one.
  • the battery module 100 further includes two end plates 2.
  • the two end plates 2 are respectively disposed in the horizontal direction of the plurality of battery cells 1 (for example, indicated by arrow A
  • the cable tie 3 surrounds the outer peripheries of the plurality of battery cells 1 and the two end plates 2, that is, the cable tie 3 surrounds the two end plates 2 and the plurality of battery cells 1 together.
  • the end plate 2 may be made of metal materials such as aluminum and aluminum alloy, or may be made of polymer materials such as plastic through a plastic process.
  • the battery module 100 further includes an insulating member 4.
  • the insulating member 4 may be made of insulating materials such as rubber or silicone.
  • the insulating member 4 includes at least a first surface and a second surface. One side is perpendicular to the second side.
  • the insulating member 4 is provided at the bottom of the battery module 100 at both ends in the longitudinal direction, the first surface is opposite to the side surface of the battery cell 1 at the end, and the second surface is opposite to the bottom surface of the battery cell 1.
  • the cable tie 3 surrounds the outer periphery of the end plate 2, the battery cell 1 and the insulating member 4, and joins the end plate 2, the battery cell 1 and the insulating member 4 together.
  • the insulating member 4 not only plays the role of insulation protection, but also prevents the battery cell 1 from being partially tightened by the cable tie 3 to cause uneven stress.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of the end plate 2 in an embodiment.
  • the end plate 2 includes an end plate body 21, a cable tie limiting groove 22, and a first protruding portion 24, wherein the cable tie limiting groove 22 is provided at the end
  • the outer surface of the plate 2 is formed inwardly by the outer surface of the end plate 2, and the cable tie limiting groove 22 extends in the vertical direction.
  • the cable tie 3 passes through the cable tie limiting groove 22 so that the short side 32 of the cable tie 3 is accommodated in the cable tie limiting groove 22.
  • the cable tie 3 surrounds the outer peripheries of the plurality of battery cells 1 and the end plate 2, wherein the width of the cable tie limiting groove 22 is equivalent to the width of the short side 32 of the cable tie 3, so that the position of the cable tie 3 can be defined.
  • FIG. 12 it is a schematic structural view of the end plate 2 in another embodiment.
  • the end plate 2 is provided with a cable tie limiting hole 23 instead of the cable tie limiting groove 22 in FIG. 8.
  • the cable tie limiting hole 23 is located inside the end plate 2 instead of the surface.
  • the cable tie limiting hole 23 also extends in the vertical direction, and the short side 32 of the cable tie 3 passes through the cable tie limiting hole 23.
  • the width of the cable tie limiting hole 23 is equivalent to the width of the short side 32 of the cable tie 3.
  • the cable tie 3 surrounds the outer peripheries of the plurality of battery cells 1 and the end plate 2.
  • the first protrusion 24 is provided on the top of the main body 21, and the first protrusion 24 protrudes from the upper surface of the battery module 100 and is located at two adjacent Between the long sides 31 of the belt 3. Therefore, the first protrusions 24 on the two end plates 2 and the long sides 31 of the two adjacent cable ties 3 form a groove at the top of the battery module 100.
  • the top of the battery module 100 can be connected to the upper case cover 220 by glue 230, and the first protrusion 24 and the long side 31 of the cable tie 3 can be used as a groove
  • the glue 230 is accommodated, and the uncured glue can be limited to prevent the uncured glue from being lost.
  • FIG. 13 it is a cross-sectional view of the head-to-tail junction of the cable tie 3, wherein the cable tie 3 has a first end 310 and a second end 320 (wherein the first end 310 and the second end 320 are respectively Refers to one end and the other end when the first and last ends of the cable tie 3 are not connected), the first end portion 310 and the second end portion 320 are vertically stacked to form a joint portion 330, so that the joint portion 330 of the cable tie 3 and the battery cell
  • the first surfaces 110 of 1 face each other, that is, the joint 330 is located on top of the battery module 100.
  • the first end 310 and the second end 320 of the cable tie 3 can be melted and connected together by hot pressing, of course, in other embodiments, the first end 310 and the The second ends 320 can also be connected together by glue or nails.
  • first end portion 310 and the second end portion 320 are stacked in a horizontal direction (for example, the length direction indicated by arrow A) to form a joint portion 330 that is second to the battery cell 1
  • the surfaces 120 face each other, that is, the joint 330 is located at the end of the battery module 100 in the horizontal direction.
  • the battery module 100 has more than two cable ties 3, and the joint portions 330 of each cable tie 3 are arranged in the width direction (that is, the direction indicated by arrow B). Since the coupling portion 330 is formed by laminating the first end portion 310 and the second end portion 320, the thickness of the coupling portion 330 is greater than the thickness of the rest of the cable tie 3. Since the joint portions 330 of each cable tie 3 are arranged in a straight line (that is, aligned in the width direction and substantially on the same straight line), it is convenient to provide an escape groove in the case 20, thereby preventing the battery cell 1 from being received at the position of the joint portion 330 The extrusion of the box 20.

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  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种电池模块、电池包及车辆，电池模块包括沿水平方向排列的多个电池单体，电池单体包括电极组件和电池壳体，电极组件容纳于所述电池壳体内，电极组件包括第一极片、第二极片以及设置于第一极片和第二极片之间的隔膜；其中，电池模块沿水平方向的尺寸大于电池模块沿竖直方向的尺寸；电极组件为卷绕式结构且为扁平状，所述电极组件的外表面包括两个扁平面，两个扁平面沿竖直方向相互面对；或，电极组件为叠片式结构，第一极片、隔膜和第二极片沿竖直方向层叠。本发明可有效减小了电池模块的膨胀变形量。

Description

一种电池模块、电池包及车辆
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求享有于2018年12月30日递交的名称为“一种电池模块、电池包及车辆”的中国专利申请No.201811649795.3的优先权权益，其公开内容在此通过援引全部并入本申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及储能设备技术领域，特别是涉及一种电池模块、电池包及车辆。
背景技术
二次电池具有能量密度大，使用寿命长、节能环保等优点，被广泛应用于新能源汽车、储能电站等不同领域。
在使用时，通常会将多个电池单体堆叠并通过汇流排相互电连接，形成电池模块。为了固定多个电池单体，在电池模块中通常会设置端板和侧板，端板和侧板相互连接形成模块框架，多个电池单体固定于模块框架内。
由于电池单体在使用过程中会发生膨胀变形，并且膨胀变形在电池模块的最长尺寸方向上尤为明显。因此，为了限制电池单体膨胀，现有的电池模块端板的体积较大，从而导致电池模块的能量密度偏低，且不利于电池模块轻量化。
发明内容
为此，需要提供一种电池模块，用于解决以上所述的电池模块中因电池单体膨胀而导致的模块变形量大的技术问题。
为实现上述目的，发明人提供了一种电池模块，所述电池模块包括沿水平方向排列的多个电池单体以及与所述多个电池单体电连接的多个汇流排，所述电池单体包括电极组件和电池壳体，所述电极组件容纳于所述电池壳体内，所述电极组件包括第一极片、第二极片以及设置于所述第一极片和所述第二极片之间的隔膜。
其中，所述电池模块沿水平方向的尺寸大于所述电池模块沿竖直方向的尺寸。
所述电极组件为卷绕式结构且为扁平状，所述电极组件的外表面包括两个扁平面，两个所述扁平面沿所述竖直方向相互面对；或，所述电极组件为叠片式结构，所述第一极片、所述隔膜和所述第二极片沿所述竖直方向层叠。
进一步的，所述电池壳体包括两个第一表面和两个第二表面，所述第一表面的面积大于所述第二表面的面积；每个所述电池单体中的所述两个第二表面沿所述水平方向相互面对，每个所述电池单体中的所述两个第一表面沿所述竖直方向相互面对。
进一步的，所述电池单体具有多个所述电极组件，多个所述电极组件沿所述竖直方向堆叠。
进一步的，所述电池模块中，沿所述竖直方向堆叠的所述电池单体的层数为1-5层。
进一步的，所述电池模块中，沿所述竖直方向堆叠的所述电池单体的层数为2层或3层。
进一步的，所述电池壳体还包括第三表面，两个所述第一表面和两个所述第二表面共同围绕第三表面；所述第一表面的面积大于所述第三表面的面积。
进一步的，所述电池单体还包括第一电极端子和第二电极端子，所述第一电极端子和所述第二电极端子均设置于所述第三表面。
进一步的，还包括：扎带，包围所述多个电池单体的外周，所述扎带 包括两个长边和两个短边，所述长边与所述第一表面相互面对且沿所述水平方向延伸，所述短边与所述第二表面相互面对且沿所述竖直方向延伸。
进一步的，包括至少两条所述扎带，所述扎带间隔分布。
进一步的，所述扎带具有第一端部和第二端部，所述第一端部和所述第二端部沿所述竖直方向层叠以形成接合部，所述接合部与所述第一表面相互面对；或者，所述扎带具有第一端部和第二端部，所述第一端部和所述第二端部沿所述水平方向层叠以形成接合部，所述接合部与所述第二表面相互面对。
进一步的，所述至少两条扎带的所述接合部呈直线排列。
进一步的，还包括：两个端板，分别设置于所述多个电池单体的沿所述水平方向的两端；所述扎带包围所述多个电池单体和所述两个端板的外周。
进一步的，所述端板的远离所述电池单体的表面设置有扎带限位槽，所述扎带限位槽沿所述竖直方向延伸，所述扎带的所述短边容纳于所述扎带限位槽内；或者，所述端板内部设置有扎带限位孔，所述扎带限位孔沿竖直方向延伸，所述扎带的所述短边穿过所述扎带限位孔。
进一步的，所述电池模块沿水平方向的尺寸与所述电池模块沿竖直方向的尺寸的比值大于或等于4。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明还提供了另一技术方案：一种电池包，包括箱体，具有容置腔；以及多个以上任一项技术方案所述的电池模块，多个所述电池模块位于所述容置腔内。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明还提供了另一技术方案：一种车辆，包括：车辆主体；以及电池包，所述电池包设置于所述车辆主体，所述电池包为以上任一技术方案所述的电池包。
由于电极组件在充放电过程中不可避免的会沿极片的厚度方向发生膨胀(在卷绕式结构的电极组件中，沿垂直于扁平面的方向膨胀力最大；在叠片式结构的电极组件中，沿第一极片和第二极片的堆叠方向膨胀力最大)。而在现有技术中，电池模块的电池单体中，电极组件对电池壳体施加最大膨 胀力的方向都是朝向水平方向的。由于电池模块在沿水平方向的尺寸相比于竖直方向的尺寸大的多(例如，受到车辆的底盘高度尺寸限制，需要有更多的电池单体沿水平方向堆叠，膨胀力累积大)，因此，现有电池模块在水平方向上受到的膨胀力非常大，因此需要在电池模块的水平方向两侧设置非常厚的端板以抵抗膨胀力，而端板加厚会降低电池模块的能量密度。而上述方案中，电极组件可以选用卷绕式结构或者叠片式结构。当电极组件为卷绕式结构时，扁平面朝向竖直方向。当电极组件为叠片式结构时，第一极片和第二极片沿竖直方向层叠。可见，电极组件无论是采用卷绕式结构还是采用叠片式结构，电极组件对电池壳体施加最大膨胀力的方向都朝向竖直方向。由于电极组件对电池壳体施加最大膨胀力的方向是朝向竖直方向，而竖直方向上堆叠的电池单体个数较少。因此，相比于现有技术，上述方案可以减小电池模块的最大膨胀力，因此可选用体积更小的端板，从而提高电池模块的能量密度。
附图说明
图1为具体实施方式所述电池包的爆炸图。
图2为具体实施方式所述电池包中电池模块与箱体粘合的剖面图；
图3为图2中A部分的局部放大图。
图4为具体实施方式所述电池模块的示意图。
图5为具体实施方式所述电池单体的结构示意图。
图6为具体实施方式所述电池单体的爆炸图。
图7A为具体实施方式所述卷绕式结构的电极组件沿图6中D-D向的剖视图。
图7B为具体实施方式所述卷绕式结构的电极组件沿图6中D-D向截面的外形轮廓示意图。
图8为具体实施方式所述叠片式结构的电极组件沿图6中D-D向的剖视图。
图9为具体实施方式所述电池模块的示意图。
图10为图9所述电池模块的爆炸图。
图11为具体实施方式所述端板的结构示意图。
图12为具体实施方式所述端板的结构示意图。
图13为具体实施方式所述扎带首尾接合部的剖面图。
附图标记说明：
100.电池模块
1.电池单体
11.电极组件
12.电池壳体
13.盖板组件
131.第一电极端子
132.第二电极端子
14.转接片
111.第一极片
112.第二极片
113.隔膜
114.扁平面
115.窄面
110.第一表面
120.第二表面
130.第三表面
2.端板
21.端板主体部
22.扎带限位槽
23.固定定限位孔
24.第一凸出部
200.电池包
20.箱体
210.上箱盖
220.下箱体
220-1.第二凸出部
230.胶
240.胶
250.容置腔
3.扎带
31.长边
32.短边
310.第一端部
320.第二端部
330.接合部
4.绝缘件
5.汇流排
具体实施方式
为详细说明技术方案的技术内容、构造特征、所实现目的及效果，以下结合具体实施例并配合附图详予说明。
在本申请的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“第一”、“第二”、仅用于描述的目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性；除非另有规定或说明，术语“多个”是指两个以上；术语“连接”、“固定”等均应做广义理解，例如，“连接”可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接，或电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
在本申请的描述中，所有附图中箭头A所指方向为长度方向，箭头B 所指方向为宽度方向，箭头C所指方向为竖直方向。水平方向为平行于水平面的方向，既可以是上述长度方向也可以是上述宽度方向。另外，水平方向不仅包括绝对平行于水平面的方向，也包括了工程上常规认知的大致平行于水平面的方向。竖直方向为垂直于水平面的方向，竖直方向不仅包括绝对垂直于水平面的方向，也包括了工程上常规认知的大致垂直于水平面的方向。此外，本申请描述的“上”、“下”、“顶”、“底”等方位词均是相对于竖直方向来进行理解的。
在一实施例中，提供了一种车辆，所述车辆包括车辆主体以及电池包，所述电池包设置于所述车辆主体，电池包为图1所示的电池包200。其中，车辆为新能源汽车，其可以为纯电动汽车，也可以混合动力汽车或增程式汽车，在车辆主体设置有驱动电机，驱动电机与电池包电连接，由电池包提供电能，驱动电机通过传动机构与车辆主体上的车轮连接，从而驱动汽车行进。优选地，电池包可水平设置于车辆主体的底部。
如图1所示，为一实施例中电池包200的结构示意图，电池包200包括箱体20和多个电池模块100，其中，箱体20包括下箱体210和上箱盖220，图1中，电池包200的上箱盖220与下箱体210是呈分开状态的。
其中，下箱体210和上箱盖220配合形成具有容置腔250的密闭箱体，多个电池模块100位于容置腔250内。其中，箱体20可以由铝、铝合金或其他金属材料制成。多个电池模块100可以沿电池包200的长度方向并排设置，多个电池模块100也可以沿电池包200的宽度方向并排设置。电池模块100具有多个电池单体1，并且电池模块100中的多个电池单体1可通过扎带3包围在一起，其中，一个电池模块100可设置有两个以上的扎带3，扎带包括两个长边31和两个短边32，其中，长边31沿水平方向(例如，箭头A所指的长度方向)延伸，短边32沿竖直方向(箭头C所指的方向)延伸。
如图2所示，在一实施例中，电池模块100的顶部与箱体20的上箱盖220之间设置有胶230，电池模块100的底部与箱体20的下箱体210之间设置有胶240，因此通过胶230和胶240使电池模块100与箱体20连接。
其中，胶230和胶240可以设置于电池模块100上相邻的两个扎带的长边31之间，通过两个扎带3的长边31可限制胶230和胶240在未凝固时向外溢流，确保胶230与电池模块100的顶部以及上箱盖220有效粘接，以及胶240与电池模块100的底部以及下箱体210有效粘接。
电池模块100通过胶230、胶240与箱体20相连接，使电池模块100与箱体20形成一个整体，加强了箱体20与电池模块100之间的连接强度，因此提高了电池包的整体刚度。
在一实施例中，扎带3的表面与电池单体1的第一表面110接触，上箱盖220的内表面与扎带3的另一表面接触，使上箱盖220、扎带3以及电池单体1三者紧密接触。这样位于两个相邻扎带3的长边31、电池单体1的上表面110以及上箱盖220内表面所围成的空间内的胶230的厚度为扎带3的厚度，从而可精确控制胶230的厚度。同样地，位于电池单体1底部的扎带3的长边31也可与下箱体210以及电池单体1的表面紧密接触，使位于电池单体1底部的胶240的厚度也可与扎带3的厚度相等。
如图3所示，为图12中A部分的局放大图，其中，在上箱盖220上的内表面设置有向下的第二凸出部220-1，第二凸出部220-1与胶230粘接。其中，第二凸出部220-1位于相邻的两个扎带3的长边31之间，即第二凸出部220-1向胶230所在位置凸出。第二凸出部220-1的末端与电池单体1的上表面之间留有容纳胶230的空间，这样使胶230的厚度小于扎带3的厚度。上箱盖220上的第二凸出部220-1可以由模具冲压形成，即由模具朝上箱盖220的上表面冲压，使上箱盖220的上表面向下凹并且下表面向下凸起。在其他实施例中，第二凸出部220-1可通过在上箱盖220的上表面设置加强片或加强条实现。上箱盖220上的内表面设置第二凸出部220-1一方面可以增加上箱盖220的结构强度，另一方面第二凸出部220-1向胶230所在位置凸出，可以将胶230向下以及两侧挤压，使胶230与电池单体1以及扎带3充分接触，确保胶230与电池单体1以及扎带3之间的粘接强度。
请参阅图4，提供了一种电池模块的结构示意图；图5提供了电池单 体的立体结构示意图；图6提供了电池单体的爆炸图；图7A提供了卷绕式电极组件沿图6中D-D向的剖视图；图7B提供了卷绕式结构电极组件沿图6中D-D向截面的外形轮廓图；图8为叠片式结构电极组件沿图6中D-D向的剖视图。
如图4所示，电池模块100包括沿水平方向排列的多个电池单体1以及与所述多个电池单体1电连接的多个汇流排5。其中，电池单体1为可重复充放电使用的二次电池，多个电池单体1通过汇流排5实现串联、并联或混联。其中，电池模块100沿水平方向的尺寸L大于所述电池模块沿竖直方向的尺寸H。
如图5和图6所示，电池单体1包括电池壳体12和电极组件11，电池壳体12可由铝、铝合金或镀镍钢等金属材料制成，电池壳体12可具有六面体形状或其他形状，且具有开口。电极组件11容纳于电池壳体12内。电池壳体12的开口覆盖有盖板组件13。盖板组件13包括盖板和设置于盖板上的两个电极端子，两个电极端子分别为第一电极端子131和第二电极端子132。其中，第一电极端子131可以为正电极端子，第二电极端子132为负电极端子。在其他的实施例中，第一电极端子131还可以为负电极端子，而第二电极端子132为正电极端子。盖板可以由铝、铝合金等金属材料制成，盖板的尺寸与电池壳体12的开口的尺寸相适配。电极端子可通过焊接或通过铆钉等固定件固定于盖板上。在盖板组件13与电极组件11之间设置有转接片14，电极组件11的极耳通过转接片14与盖板上的电极端子电连接。本实施例中，转接片14有两个，即分别为正极转接片和负极转接片。
图6中，电池壳体12内设置有两个电极组件11，两个电极组件11沿竖直方向(箭头C所指的方向)堆叠。当然，在其他实施例中，在电池壳体12内也可设置有一个电极组件11，或者在电池壳体内设置有三个以上的电极组件11。多个电极组件11沿竖直方向(箭头C所指的方向)堆叠。
如图7A、图7B和图8所示，电极组件11包括第一极片111、第二极片112以及设置于所述第一极片111和所述第二极片112之间的隔膜113。 其中，第一极片111可以为正极片，第二极片112为负极片。在其他的实施例中，第一极片111还可以为负极片，而第二电极为正极片。其中，隔膜113是介于第一极片111和第二极片112之间的绝缘体。正极片的活性物质可被涂覆在正极片的涂覆区上，负极片的活性物质可被涂覆到负极片的涂覆区上。由正极片的涂覆区延伸出的部分则作为正极极耳；由负极片的涂覆区延伸出的部分则作为负极极耳。正极极耳通过正极转接片连接于盖板组件13上的正电极端子，同样地，负极极耳通过负极转接片连接于盖板组件13上的负电极端子。
如图7A所示，其中，电极组件11为卷绕式结构。其中，第一极片111、隔膜113以及第二极片112均为带状结构，将第一极片111、隔膜113以及第二极片112依次层叠并卷绕两圈以上形成电极组件11，并且电极组件11呈扁平状。在电极组件11制作时，电极组件11可先卷绕成中空的圆柱形结构，卷绕之后再压平为扁平状。图7B为电极组件11的外形轮廓示意图，电极组件11的外表面包括两个扁平面114，两个扁平面114沿竖直方向(箭头C所指的方向)相互面对，即扁平面114与电池壳体12的第一表面110相对设置。其中，电极组件11大致为六面体结构，扁平面114大致平行于卷绕轴线且为面积最大的外表面。扁平面114可以是相对平整的表面，并不要求是纯平面。两个扁平面114是相对电极组件11两侧的窄面115而言的，并且扁平面114的面积大于电极组件11的窄面115。
如图8所示，其中，电极组件11为叠片式结构，即电极组件11中具有多个第一极片111以及多个第二极片112，隔膜113设置在第一极片111和第二极片112之间。第一极片111、隔膜113、第二极片112依次层叠设置。其中，第一极片111、隔膜113和第二极片112沿竖直方向层叠(箭头C所指的方向)。
由于电极组件11在充放电过程中不可避免的会沿极片的厚度方向发生膨胀(在卷绕式结构的电极组件11中，沿垂直于扁平面114的方向膨胀力最大；在叠片式结构的电极组件11中，沿第一极片111和第二极片112的堆 叠方向膨胀力最大)。
在现有技术中，电池模块100的电池单体1中，电极组件11对电池壳体12施加最大膨胀力的方向都是朝向水平方向。由于电池模块100在沿水平方向的尺寸相比于竖直方向的尺寸大的多(例如，受到车辆的底盘高度尺寸限制，需要有更多的电池单体1沿水平方向堆叠，膨胀力累积大)，因此，现有电池模块100在水平方向上受到的膨胀力非常大，因此需要在电池模块100的水平方向两侧设置非常厚的端板以抵抗膨胀力，而端板加厚会降低电池模块100的能量密度。而本实施例中，电极组件11可以选用卷绕式结构或者叠片式结构。当电极组件11为卷绕式结构时，扁平面114朝向竖直方向。当电极组件为叠片式结构时，第一极片111和第二极片112沿竖直方向层叠。可见，电极组件11无论是采用卷绕式结构还是采用叠片式结构，电极组件11对电池壳体12施加最大膨胀力的方向都朝向竖直方向。
由于电极组件11对电池壳体12施加最大膨胀力的方向是朝向竖直方向，而竖直方向上堆叠的电池单体1个数较少。因此，相比于现有技术，本实施方式可以减小电池模块100的最大膨胀力，因此可选用体积更小的端板，从而提高电池模块100的能量密度。
如图4所示，在电池模块100中，电池单体1沿竖直方向(箭头C所指的方向)堆叠的层数为2层。而在其他实施方式中，沿竖直方向堆叠的电池单体1的层数可以为1-5层。优选地，沿竖直方向堆叠的电池单体1的层数为2层或3层。
为了更好的平衡电池模块100在水平方向和竖直方向的膨胀力，在一实施例中，电池模块100沿水平方向的尺寸与电池模块100沿竖直方向的尺寸的比值大于或等于4。
如图5和图6所示，电池单体1的电池壳体12大致为六面体结构，电池壳体12包括两个第一表面110和两个第二表面120。每个电池单体1中的两个第二表面120沿水平方向(例如，箭头A所指的长度方向)相互面对，每个电池单体1中的两个第一表面110沿竖直方向(箭头C所指的方向)相 互面对。其中，第一表面110和第二表面120之间可通过直角过渡，同样地，第一表面110和第二表面120之间也可通过圆弧曲面或多次折弯的曲面过渡。优选地，第一表面110的面积大于所述第二表面120的面积。
由于电池单体1在充放电过程中还会在电池壳体12内部产生气体，产生的气体会对电池壳体12施加作用力，从而加剧电池壳体12向外膨胀。由于本实施例的第一表面110的面积大于第二表面120的面积，并且电池单体1中的两个第一表面110沿竖直方向相互面对，因此产生的气体对电池壳体12施加最大作用力的方向也是朝向竖直方向。相比于现有技术，进一步减少了电池模块100的最大膨胀力。
如图5和图6所示，电池壳体12还包括第三表面130，两个第一表面110和两个第二表面120共同围绕第三表面130，并且第一表面110的面积大于第三表面130的面积。即第一表面110、第二表面120和第三表面130两两之间大致呈垂直，并且相互连接形成容纳电极组件11的腔体。其中，第一表面110朝向竖直方向，并且第一表面110的面积大于第二表面120或第三表面130的面积。第二表面120和第三表面130的面积可以是相等，也可以是第二表面120的面积大于或小于第三表面130的面积。
在电池包的实施例中，由于胶230和胶240是设置于电池模块100与上箱盖1之间，并且电池模块100的最大膨胀力方向是朝向竖直方向的，因此会使得电池模块100与胶230和胶240之间贴合的更紧密，防止胶230和胶240脱落。
如图5所示，电池单体1上的第一电极端子131和第二电极端子132可以设置于电池壳体12的第三表面130上，因此与电极端子连接的汇流排5位于第三表面130所在的电池单体1的一侧。由于电池模块100在竖直方向的空间相对于其他方向的空间更为宝贵，而将汇流排设置于第一表面130的一侧，可充分利用电池模块100侧面的空间，降低电池模块100沿竖直方向的尺寸。特别是当电池模块100应用于汽车上时(电池模块100通常设置于汽车的底部)，通过降低电池模块100的沿竖直方向的尺寸可以增加汽车底部 的离地间距，有利提升汽车的越障能力。
如图9和图10所示，在一实施例中，电池模块100包括有扎带3，扎带3包围多个电池单体1的外周，并且首尾连接在一起，从而将多个电池单体1绑绕在一起。其中，扎带3可以由尼龙、聚丙烯或聚氯乙烯等材料制成，且具有良好的柔韧性，扎带沿多个电池单体1包围从而形成两个长边31和两个短边32。其中，长边31与第一表面110相互面对且沿水平方向(箭头A所指的长度方向)延伸，短边32与第二表面120相互面对且沿竖直方向(箭头C所指方向)延伸。由于电池模块100在水平方向(例如，箭头A所指的长度方向)的膨胀力较小，因此对电池单体1的固定结构的强度要求也随之降低，通过扎带3即可将电池模块100中在电池单体1捆绑在一起。在其他实施例中，电池模块100可以通过压条、侧板或者螺栓等方式进行固定。而在本实施例中，扎带3具有质量轻、占用的体积小等优点，通过扎带3包围电池单体1的外周，相比于其他方式更有利于电池模块100的轻量化。
可选的，电池模块100设置有至少两条扎带3，相邻扎带3之间沿宽度方向(箭头B所指方向)间隔分布。在其他实施例中，扎带3的数量可为一条。
如图9和图10所示，在本实施例中，电池模块100还包括两个端板2，两个端板2分别设置于多个电池单体1的沿水平方向(例如，箭头A所指的长度方向)的两端，扎带3包围多个电池单体1和两个端板2的外周，即扎带3将两个端板2以及多个电池单体1均包围在一起。端板2可以由铝、铝合金等金属材料制成，也可以由塑料等高分子材料通过塑料工艺制成。如图10所示，本实施例中，电池模块100还包括绝缘件4，绝缘件4可以由橡胶、硅胶等绝缘材料制成，绝缘件4至少包括第一面和第二面，其中，第一面和第二面成垂直关系。绝缘件4设置于电池模块100的沿长度方向两端的底部，第一面与位于端部的电池单体1的侧面相对，第二面与电池单体1的底面相对。扎带3包围端板2、电池单体1以及绝缘件4的外周，使端板2、电池单体1以及绝缘件4结合在一起。绝缘件4既起到绝缘防护的作用，又 可以防止电池单体1被扎带3局部勒紧而出现受力不均。
如图11为一实施例中端板2的结构示意图，端板2包括端板主体部21、扎带限位槽22和第一凸出部24，其中，扎带限位槽22设置于端板2的外表面，由端板2的外表面向内凹形成，扎带限位槽22沿竖直方向延伸。扎带3穿过扎带限位槽22，以使扎带3的短边32容纳于扎带限位槽22内。扎带3包围多个电池单体1和端板2的外周，其中，扎带限位槽22的宽度与扎带3的短边32宽度相当，从而可限定扎带3的位置。
如图12所示，为另一实施例中端板2的结构示意图，与图8不同之处在于，在端板2上设置扎带限位孔23替代图8中的扎带限位槽22，其中，扎带限位孔23位于端板2内部而不是表面，同样的，扎带限位孔23也是沿竖直方向延伸，扎带3的短边32穿过扎带限位孔23。扎带限位孔23的宽度与扎带3的短边32宽度相当，扎带3包围多个电池单体1和端板2的外周。
在图11和图12所示的端板2中，第一凸出部24设置于主体部21的顶部，第一凸出部24突出于电池模块100的上表面且位于相邻的两个扎带3的长边31之间。因此，两个端板2上的第一凸出部24与相邻的两个扎带3的长边31在电池模块100的顶部围成一个凹槽。如图12所示，在一些实施例中，电池模块100顶部可通过胶230与上箱盖220连接，而第一凸出部24与扎带3的长边31所围成凹槽处可用于容纳所述胶230，并且可以对未凝固的胶进行限位，防止未凝固的胶流失。
如图13所示，为扎带3首尾接合部的剖面图，其中，扎带3具有第一端部310和第二端部320(其中，第一端部310和第二端部320分别是指扎带3首尾未连接时的一端和另一端)，第一端部310和第二端部320沿竖直方向层叠以形成接合部330，以使扎带3的接合部330与电池单体1的第一表面110相互面对，即接合部330位于电池模块100的顶部。其中，扎带3的第一端部310和所述第二端部320可通过热压的方式使两者表面熔化后连接在一起，当然在其他实施例中，第一端部310和所述第二端部320也可通过胶或固定钉连接在一起。
而在另一些实施例中，第一端部310和第二端部320沿水平方向(例如，箭头A所指的长度方向)层叠以形成接合部330，接合部330与电池单体1第二表面120相互面对，即接合部330位于电池模块100的沿水平方向的端部。
在一些实施例中，电池模块100具有两条以上的扎带3，各扎带3的接合部330沿宽度方向(即箭头B所指的方向)排列。由于结合部330由第一端部310和第二端部320层叠形成，因此结合部330的厚度会大于扎带3其余部分的厚度。由于各扎带3的接合部330呈直线排列(即沿宽度方向排列并大致在同一条直线上)，因此便于在箱体20上设置避让槽，从而防止电池单体1在结合部330位置受到箱体20的挤压。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种电池模块，包括
    沿水平方向排列的多个电池单体，以及
    与所述多个电池单体电连接的多个汇流排；
    所述电池单体包括电极组件和电池壳体，所述电极组件容纳于所述电池壳体内，所述电极组件包括第一极片、第二极片以及设置于所述第一极片和所述第二极片之间的隔膜；
    其中所述电极组件为卷绕式结构且为扁平状，所述电极组件的外表面包括两个扁平面，两个所述扁平面沿所述竖直方向相互面对；或者，
    所述电极组件为叠片式结构，所述第一极片、所述隔膜和所述第二极片沿所述竖直方向层叠；并且
    所述电池模块沿水平方向的尺寸大于所述电池模块沿竖直方向的尺寸。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池模块，所述电池壳体包括两个第一表面和两个第二表面，所述第一表面的面积大于所述第二表面的面积；并且，
    每个所述电池单体中的所述两个第二表面沿所述水平方向相互面对，每个所述电池单体中的所述两个第一表面沿所述竖直方向相互面对。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电池模块，所述电池单体具有多个所述电极组件，多个所述电极组件沿所述竖直方向堆叠。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电池模块，所述电池模块中，沿所述竖直方向堆叠的所述电池单体的层数为1-5层，优选为2层或3层。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的电池模块，所述电池壳体还包括第三表面，两个所述第一表面和两个所述第二表面共同围绕第三表面；所述第一表面的面积大于所述第三表面的面积。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池模块，所述电池单体还包括第一电极端子和第二电极端子，所述第一电极端子和所述第二电极端子均设置于所述第三 表面。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的电池模块，还包括：
    扎带，包围所述多个电池单体的外周，所述扎带包括两个长边和两个短边，所述长边与所述第一表面相互面对且沿所述水平方向延伸，所述短边与所述第二表面相互面对且沿所述竖直方向延伸；
    优选包括至少两条所述扎带，并且所述扎带间隔分布。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池模块，所述扎带具有第一端部和第二端部，所述第一端部和所述第二端部沿所述竖直方向层叠以形成接合部，所述接合部与所述第一表面相互面对；或者，
    所述扎带具有第一端部和第二端部，所述第一端部和所述第二端部沿所述水平方向层叠以形成接合部，所述接合部与所述第二表面相互面对。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池模块，至少两条扎带的所述接合部呈直线排列。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的电池模块，还包括：
    两个端板，分别设置于所述多个电池单体的沿所述水平方向的两端；所述扎带包围所述多个电池单体和所述两个端板的外周。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电池模块，所述端板的远离所述电池单体的表面设置有扎带限位槽，所述扎带限位槽沿所述竖直方向延伸，所述扎带的所述短边容纳于所述扎带限位槽内；或者，
    所述端板内部设置有扎带限位孔，所述扎带限位孔沿所述竖直方向延伸，所述扎带的所述短边穿过所述扎带限位孔。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的电池模块，所述电池模块沿水平方向的尺寸与所述电池模块沿竖直方向的尺寸的比值大于或等于4。
  13. 一种电池包，包括：
    箱体，具有容置腔；以及
    多个如权利要求1～12任一项所述的电池模块，多个所述电池模块位于所述容置腔内。
  14. 一种车辆，包括：
    车辆主体；以及
    电池包，所述电池包设置于所述车辆主体，所述电池包为权利要求13所述的电池包。
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