WO2020128264A1 - Polymères fluorés électroactifs réticulables comprenant des groupements photoactifs - Google Patents
Polymères fluorés électroactifs réticulables comprenant des groupements photoactifs Download PDFInfo
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- G03F7/033—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with binders the binders being polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. vinyl polymers
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- G03F7/26—Processing photosensitive materials; Apparatus therefor
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- H10N30/07—Forming of piezoelectric or electrostrictive parts or bodies on an electrical element or another base
- H10N30/074—Forming of piezoelectric or electrostrictive parts or bodies on an electrical element or another base by depositing piezoelectric or electrostrictive layers, e.g. aerosol or screen printing
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- C08F214/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
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- C08F2810/00—Chemical modification of a polymer
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- C08J2327/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2327/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08J2327/12—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08J2327/16—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinylidene fluoride
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- C09D127/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D127/22—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
Definitions
- the present invention relates to crosslinkable electroactive fluoropolymers comprising photoactive groups, a process for their preparation, as well as films made therefrom.
- Electroactive fluoropolymers or PFEAs are mainly derivatives of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). See in this regard the article Vinylidene fluoride- and trifluoroethylene-containing fluorinated electroactive copolymers. How does chemistry impact properties? de Soulestin et al. in Prog. Polym. Sci. 2017 (DOI: 10.1016 / d. Progpolymsci.2017.04.004). These polymers have particularly advantageous dielectric and electro-mechanical properties.
- the fluorinated copolymers formed from vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and trifluoroethylene (TrFE) monomers are particularly advantageous thanks to their piezoelectric, pyroelectric and ferroelectric properties. They allow in particular to convert mechanical or thermal energy into electrical energy or vice versa.
- fluorinated copolymers also contain units derived from another monomer having a chlorine or bromine or iodine substituent, and in particular chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) or chlorofluoroethylene (CFE).
- CTFE chlorotrifluoroethylene
- CFE chlorofluoroethylene
- Such copolymers have a set of useful properties, namely a ferroelectric relaxant character (characterized by a maximum dielectric constant, as a function of temperature, wide and dependent on the frequency of the electric field), a high dielectric constant, a polarization at high saturation, semi-crystalline morphology.
- the electroactive fluoropolymers are shaped as films, generally by deposition from a so-called “ink” formulation.
- insoluble a predefined pattern. Indeed, it is often necessary to deposit other layers on top of the polymer film, in order to make the desired device. This deposition of other layers often involves the use of a solvent. If the electroactive fluoropolymer is not crosslinked, it can be damaged by this solvent during the deposition of the other layers.
- crosslinking of fluorinated polymers Several methods have been proposed for the crosslinking of fluorinated polymers. Among the most widely used crosslinking methods are heat treatment, electron beam irradiation, X-ray irradiation, and UV irradiation.
- Such irradiation is very energetic and is therefore capable of causing secondary chemical reactions altering the structure of the polymer chains.
- crosslinking requires the presence of a crosslinking agent in addition to the polymer.
- This agent complicates the preparation of the polymer film and can lead to the degradation of the electroactive properties. It is generally desirable to reduce the number of components used in the formulation for the preparation of the polymer film.
- the invention relates first of all to a copolymer comprising:
- each of the Xs, Xe, X7 is independently chosen from H, F and alkyl groups comprising from 1 to 3 carbon atoms which are optionally partially or completely fluorinated, and in which Z 'is chosen from Cl, Br, and I .
- the group Ar is a phenyl substituted in the meta position and the group R is an unsubstituted benzoyl group, or the group Ar is a phenyl substituted in the para position and the group R is a non-substituted benzoyl group , or the group Ar is a phenyl substituted in the para position and the group R is a benzoyl group substituted in the para position by a hydroxy group, or the group Ar is a phenyl substituted in the meta position and the group R is an acetyl group, or the group Ar is a phenyl substituted in the para position and the group R is an acetyl group, or the group Ar is a phenyl substituted in the ortho position and the group R is a phenylacetyl group substituted in the position a of the carbonyl group by a hydroxy group, or the group Ar is a phenyl substituted in the meta position and the group R is a
- the contacting is carried out in a solvent preferably chosen from: dimethylsulfoxide; dimethylformamide; dimethylacetamide; ketones, especially acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone and cyclopentanone; furans, especially tetrahydrofuran; esters, in particular methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate and propylene acetate glycol methyl ether; carbonates, in particular dimethylcarbonate; phosphates, in particular triethylphosphate.
- the method further comprises a step of reacting the photoactive molecule with a base, before bringing the starting copolymer into contact with the photoactive molecule, the base preferably being potassium carbonate.
- the invention also relates to a composition
- a composition comprising the copolymer as described above, in which the composition is a solution or dispersion of the copolymer in a liquid vehicle.
- the composition also comprises a second copolymer comprising:
- the fluorinated units of formula (III) are chosen from units derived from chlorotrifluoroethylene and chlorofluoroethylene, in particular 1 chloro-1-fluoroethylene.
- the composition comprises from 5 to 95% by weight of copolymer as described above and from 5 to 95% by weight of the second copolymer; preferably from 30 to 70% by weight of copolymer as described above and from 30 to 70% by weight of second copolymer; the contents being expressed relative to the sum of the copolymer as described above and of the second copolymer.
- the composition also comprises at least one bi or polyfunctional (meth) acrylic monomer in terms of reactive double bonds.
- the crosslinking is carried out according to a predefined pattern, the method then comprising the elimination of parts of copolymer or of non-crosslinked composition (e), by contacting with a solvent.
- the invention also relates to a film obtained by the process described above.
- the invention also relates to an electronic device comprising a film as described above, the electronic device preferably being chosen from field effect transistors, memory devices, capacitors, sensors, actuators, electromechanical microsystems. and haptic devices.
- the present invention overcomes the drawbacks of the state of the art. It more particularly provides electroactive fluorinated polymers having the useful properties mentioned above (piezoelectric, pyroelectric and ferroelectric), and for example a high dielectric constant, which can subsequently be effectively crosslinked while essentially retaining these useful properties after crosslinking.
- the invention makes it possible to obtain insoluble polymer films, having predefined patterns, and advantageously having one or more of the following properties (and preferably all): a semi-crystalline morphology, a high dielectric constant, a polarization at high saturation, and a Curie transition.
- These predefined patterns can be obtained for example by means of UV irradiation which allows the crosslinking of a part of the polymer film, followed by a development step so as to eliminate the non-crosslinked parts.
- the invention makes it possible to carry out crosslinking without resorting to excessive energy irradiation, thus avoiding the degradation of other layers in multilayer electrical devices, and without necessarily adding a crosslinking agent.
- the presence of a crosslinking agent can be advantageous since the groups photoactive in the copolymer can initiate a radical polymerization reaction.
- copolymers comprising units carrying photoactive groups.
- These copolymers can be prepared from copolymers carrying leaving groups (Cl, Br, I), which are replaced in whole or in part by photoactive groups, which allow crosslinking. This replacement can be carried out in a simple manner by reaction of the starting copolymer with a photoactive molecule. Preferably, part of the leaving groups is preserved, so that the copolymer retains the advantageous properties linked to the presence of these leaving groups.
- FIG. 1 represents a graph showing the infrared spectra in absorbance of polymer according to the invention before (broken line) and after modification (solid line) with the photoactive groups of formula -O-Ar-R.
- the wave number in cm 1 is indicated on the abscissa axis.
- FIG. 2 represents a graph showing the 1 H NMR spectra of polymer according to the invention before (A) and after (B) modification with the photoactive groups of formula -O-Ar-R. The chemical displacement in ppm is indicated on the abscissa axis.
- FIG. 3 represents a photograph obtained by optical microscopy of a polymer film according to the invention (in accordance with Example 2). The scale bar corresponds to 500 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 4 represents a dielectric permittivity curve relative to 1 kHz at different temperatures of the polymer film according to example 2.
- the ordinate axis corresponds to the relative dielectric permittivity (without unit) and the abscissa axis at temperature in degrees Celsius.
- PF polymers fluoropolymers
- PFM polymers fluoropolymers
- a PF polymer comprises:
- each of the Xs, Xe, X7 is independently chosen from H, F and alkyl groups comprising from 1 to 3 carbon atoms which are optionally partially or completely fluorinated, and in which Z ' is chosen from Cl, Br, and I.
- the fluorinated units of formula (I) comprise at least one fluorine atom.
- the fluorinated units of formula (I) preferably have at most 5 carbon atoms, more preferably at most 4 carbon atoms, more preferably at most 3 carbon atoms, and more preferably it has 2 carbon atoms.
- the fluorinated units of formula (III) comprise at least one fluorine atom.
- the most preferred fluorinated monomers comprising fluorinated units of formula (III) are chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) and chlorofluoroethylene, in particular 1-chloro-1-fluoroethylene (CFE).
- the polymer PF consists of fluorinated units of formula (I) and fluorinated units of formula (III).
- fluorinated units of formula (I) derived from several different fluorinated monomers may be present in the polymer PF.
- units from one or more additional monomers in addition to those mentioned above may be present in the PF polymer.
- the proportion of units from TrFE is preferably from 5 to 95 mol.% Relative to the sum of the units from VDF and TrFE, and in particular: from 5 to 10 mol.%; or from 10 to 15 mol.%; or from 15 to 20 mol.%; or from 20 to 25 mol.%; or from 25 to 30 mol.%; or from 30 to 35 mol.%; or from 35 to 40 mol.%; or from 40 to 45 mol.%; or from 45 to 50 mol.%; or from 50 to 55 mol.%; or from 55 to 60 mol.%; or from 60 to 65 mol.%; or from 65 to 70 mol.%; or from 70 to 75 mol.%; or from 75 to 80 mol.%; or from 80 to 85 mol.%; or from 85 to 90 mol.%; or from 90 to 95 mol.%.
- a person skilled in the art thus has a range of methods or a combination of methods allowing him to determine without ambiguity and with the necessary precision the composition of the PF polymers.
- the group R may in particular comprise from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or from 3 to 15 carbon atoms, or from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably still from 6 to 8 carbon atoms.
- the group R may preferably comprise a carbonyl function and preferably may be chosen from an acetyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted benzoyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenylacetyl group, a phthaloyl group, and an acyl group of phosphine oxide; the phosphine being optionally substituted in particular by one or more groups chosen from a methyl group, an ethyl group, and a phenyl group.
- Y can be a sulfur atom.
- the conversion of the PF polymer to the PFM polymer can be carried out by bringing the PF polymer and the photoactive molecule into contact in a solvent in which the PF polymer is dissolved.
- dimethylformamide dimethylacetamide; dimethyl sulfoxide
- ketones in particular acetone, methyl ethyl ketone (or butan-2-one), methyl isobutyl ketone and cyclopentanone
- furans especially tetrahydrofuran
- esters in particular methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate and propylene acetate glycol methyl ether
- carbonates in particular dimethylcarbonate
- phosphates especially triethylphosphate. Mixtures of these compounds can also be used.
- the photoactive molecule can be reacted with a base before contacting the polymer PF with the photoactive molecule in the solvent, in order to deprotonate the photoactive molecule and form a photoactive anion of formula ⁇ -Ar-R, in which Y, Ar and R are as defined above.
- the base can be used in a molar amount of 1 to 1.25 equivalents, or from 1.25 to 1.5 equivalents, or from 1.5 to 2.0 equivalents, or from 2.0 to 3.0 equivalents, or 3.0 to 4.0 equivalents, or 4.0 to 5.0 equivalents, or 5.0 to 6.0 equivalents, or 6.0 to 7.0 equivalents, or 7.0 to 8 , 0 equivalents compared to the photoactive molecule.
- the reaction of the photoactive molecule with the base can be carried out in a solvent, as mentioned above.
- the solvent used for reacting the photoactive molecule with the base can be the same or different from the solvent used for bringing the PF polymer into contact with the photoactive molecule.
- the solvent used for reacting the photoactive molecule with the base is the same with that used for bringing the PF polymer into contact with the photoactive molecule.
- the reaction of the photoactive molecule with the base can be carried out at a temperature of 20 to 80 ° C, more preferably from 30 to 70 ° C.
- this quantity can be from 0.1 to 0.2 molar equivalents (of photoactive groups introduced into the reaction medium, relative to the leaving groups Cl, Br, I present in the polymer PF); or from 0.2 to 0.3 molar equivalents; or from 0.3 to 0.4 molar equivalents; or from 0.4 to 0.5 molar equivalents; or from 0.5 to 0.6 molar equivalents; or from 0.6 to 0.7 molar equivalents; or from 0.7 to 0.8 molar equivalents; or from 0.8 to 0.9 molar equivalents; or from 0.9 to 1.0 molar equivalents; or from 1.0 to 1.5 molar equivalents; or from 1.5 to 2 molar equivalents; or from 2 to 5 molar equivalents; or from 5 to 10 molar equivalents; or from 10 to 50 molar equivalents.
- the reaction of the polymer PF with the photoactive molecule is preferably carried out with stirring.
- the reaction time of the PF polymer with the photoactive molecule can be, for example, from 15 minutes to 96 hours, preferably from 1 hour to 84 hours, more preferably from 2 hours to 72 hours.
- the PFM polymer can be precipitated in a non-solvent, for example deionized water. It can then be filtered and dried.
- a non-solvent for example deionized water.
- composition of the PFM polymer can be characterized by elemental analysis and by NMR, as described above, as well as by infrared spectrometry.
- valence vibration bands characteristic of the aromatic and carbonyl functions are observed between 1500 and 1900 cm 1 .
- all of the leaving groups Cl, Br, I of the starting polymer PF are replaced by photoactive groups in the polymer PFM.
- the proportion of residual structural units comprising a leaving group can be for example from 0.1 to 0.5 mol.%; or from 0.5 to 1 mol.%; or from 1 to 2 mol.%; or from 2 to 3 mol.%; or from 3 to 4 mol.%; or from 4 to 5 mol.%; or from 5 to 6 mol.%; or from 6 to 7 mol.%; or from 7 to 8 mol.%; or from 8 to 9 mol.%; or from 9 to 10 mol.%; or from 10 to 12 mol.%; or from 12 to 15 mol.%; or from 1 5 to 20 mol.%; or from 20 to 25 mol.%; or from 25 to 30 mol.%; or from 30 to 40 mol.%; or from 40 to 50 mol.%. Ranges of 1 to 15 mol.%, And preferably 2 to 10 mol.%, Are particularly preferred.
- the proportion of structural units comprising a photoactive group can for example be from 0.1 to 0.5 mol.%; or from 0.5 to 1 mol.%; or from 1 to 2 mol.%; or from 2 to 3 mol.%; or from 3 to 4 mol.%; or from 4 to 5 mol.%; or from 5 to 6 mol.%; or from 6 to 7 mol.%; or from 7 to 8 mol.%; or from 8 to 9 mol.%; or from 9 to 10 mol.%; or from 10 to 12 mol.%; or from 12 to 15 mol.%; or from 15 to 20 mol.%; or from 20 to 25 mol.%; or from 25 to 30 mol.%; or from 30 to 40 mol.%; or from 40 to 50 mol.%. Ranges of 1 to 15 mol.%, And preferably 2 to 10 mol.%, Are particularly preferred.
- a fluoropolymer film according to the invention can be prepared by deposition on a substrate: either of one or more PFM polymers only; or at least one PF polymer and at least one PFM polymer.
- the monomers containing leaving groups used for the manufacture of the PF polymer are the same as those used for the manufacture of the PFM polymer.
- a PF polymer can be combined with a PFM polymer obtained from the PF polymer in question.
- the replacement of the leaving groups by the photoactive groups is only partial. If at least one PF polymer is used in combination with at least one PFM polymer, all or only part of the leaving groups of the PFM polymer may have been replaced by photoactive groups. In the case where at least one PF polymer is combined with at least one PFM polymer, the mass proportion of polymer (s) PF relative to all of the PF and PFM polymers can be in particular from 5 to 10%; or from 10 to 20%; or from 20 to 30%; or from 30 to 40%; or from 40 to 50%; or from 50 to 60%; or from 60 to 70%; or from 70 to 80%; or from 80 to 90%; or 90 to 95%.
- the production of the film may include a step of depositing PFM polymers (or PFM and PF) on a substrate, followed by a crosslinking step.
- the PFM polymers can also be combined with one or more other polymers, in particular fluoropolymers, such as in particular a P copolymer (VDF-TrFE).
- the substrate may in particular be a surface of glass, or of silicon, or of polymer material, or of metal.
- a preferred method consists in dissolving or suspending the polymer (s) in a liquid vehicle, to form a so-called ink composition before depositing it on the substrate.
- the liquid vehicle is a solvent.
- this solvent is chosen from: dimethylformamide; dimethylacetamide; dimethyl sulfoxide; ketones, including acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone and cyclopentanone; furans, especially tetrahydrofuran; esters, including methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate and propylene acetate glycol methyl ether; carbonates, in particular dimethylcarbonate; phosphates, in particular triethylphosphate. Mixtures of these compounds can also be used.
- the total mass concentration of polymers in the liquid vehicle can in particular be from 0.1 to 30%, preferably from 0.5 to 20%.
- the ink may optionally include one or more additives, in particular chosen from agents modifying surface tension, agents modifying rheology, agents modifying aging resistance, agents modifying adhesion, pigments or dyes , the charges (including nanofillers).
- Preferred additives are in particular the co-solvents which modify the surface tension of the ink. In particular, it may be, in the case of solutions, organic compounds miscible with the solvents used.
- the ink composition may also contain one or more additives having served for the synthesis of the polymer (s).
- the present invention does not use a photoinitiator additive. Indeed, thanks to the presence of the photoactive groups on the PFM polymer, the addition of a photoinitiator additive is not necessary.
- the ink comprises at least one crosslinking aid additive, preferably a crosslinking agent.
- the presence of a crosslinking agent has the advantage of forming covalent bonds with the polymer, resulting in improvement of the resistance of the polymer to the solvent.
- the crosslinking agent can for example be chosen from molecules, oligomers, polymers carrying at least two reactive double bonds such as triallylisocyanurate (TAIC), polybutadiene; compounds carrying at least two triple reactive bonds of carbon-carbon or carbon-nitrogen type such as tripropargyl amine; their derivatives, and mixtures thereof.
- TAIC triallylisocyanurate
- polybutadiene compounds carrying at least two triple reactive bonds of carbon-carbon or carbon-nitrogen type such as tripropargyl amine; their derivatives, and mixtures thereof.
- the crosslinking agent can also and preferably be a bi or polyfunctional (meth) acrylic monomer in terms of reactive double bonds.
- the crosslinkable composition may contain one or more monomers of this type.
- Said bi or polyfunctional (meth) acrylic monomer in terms of reactive double bonds can be a bi or polyfunctional (meth) acrylic monomer or oligomer.
- monomers useful for the invention mention may be made of monomers and oligomers containing at least two reactive double bonds of (meth) acrylic type. It is these reactive double bonds which, using a radical polymerization initiator, will allow the polymerization and crosslinking of the (meth) acrylic network within the structure [fluorinated electroactive copolymer-crosslinked (meth) acrylic network]. Therefore, any purely (meth) acrylic monomer bi or polyfunctional such as, for example dodecane di methacrylate is useful for the invention.
- (meth) acrylic monomers or oligomers have chemical structures derived from functions other than pure alkane chemistry, such as diols, triols or polyols, polyesters, ethers, polyethers, polyurethane, epoxies, cyanurates or iso-cyanurates.
- these monomers comprising at least two (meth) acrylic functions reactive in radical polymerization, they become useful for the invention.
- the bi or polyfunctional (meth) acrylic monomer or oligomer can be chosen from: trimethylolpropane triacrylate (such as that sold by the company Sartomer under the reference SR351), trimethylolpropane triacrylate ethoxylated (such as that sold by the company Sartomer under the reference SR454), the aliphatic urethane modified polyacrylate (such as that sold by the company Sartomer under the reference CN927).
- trimethylolpropane triacrylate such as that sold by the company Sartomer under the reference SR351
- trimethylolpropane triacrylate ethoxylated such as that sold by the company Sartomer under the reference SR454
- the aliphatic urethane modified polyacrylate such as that sold by the company Sartomer under the reference CN927.
- no crosslinking aid additive such as a photoinitiator or a crosslinking agent, is present in the ink deposited on the substrate.
- the deposition can be carried out in particular by coating by centrifugation ("spin-coating”), by spraying or atomization (“spray coating”), by coating in particular with a bar or a film puller (“bar coating”), by immersion ( “Dip coating”), by roll-to-roll printing, by screen printing or by lithography printing or by inkjet printing.
- spin-coating centrifugation
- spraying or atomization atomization
- bar coating a film puller
- immersion "Dip coating”
- roll-to-roll printing by screen printing or by lithography printing or by inkjet printing.
- the liquid vehicle is evaporated after deposition.
- the fluoropolymer layer thus formed can in particular have a thickness of 10 nm to 1 mm, preferably from 100 nm to 500 ⁇ m, more preferably from 150 nm to 250 ⁇ m, and more preferably from 50 nm to 50 ⁇ m.
- the crosslinking step can be carried out in particular by heat treatment and / or exposure to electromagnetic radiation, and preferably by UV irradiation.
- photoactive groups tend to decompose to form radicals. These are capable of reacting with C-F or C-H groups and / or of recombining with each other, which leads to crosslinking of the polymer (s).
- a crosslinking co-agent when a crosslinking co-agent is present, it is thought without wishing to be bound by a theory that the photoactive groups tend to decompose to form radicals. These are capable of reacting with the crosslinking co-agent by a radical polymerization mechanism, which leads to crosslinking of the polymer (s).
- the heat treatment can be carried out by subjecting the film for example to a temperature of 40 ° C to 200 ° C, preferably from 50 to 150 ° C, preferably from 60 to 140 ° C, for example in a ventilated fcur or on a hot plate.
- the duration of the heat treatment can in particular be from 1 minute to 4 hours, preferably from 2 minutes to 2 hours, and preferably from 5 to 20 minutes.
- UV irradiation means irradiation with electromagnetic radiation at a wavelength of 200 to 650 nm, and preferably from 220 to 500 nm. Wavelengths from 250 to 450 nm are particularly preferred.
- the radiation can be monochromatic or polychromatic.
- the total dose of UV irradiation is preferably less than or equal to 40 J / cm 2 , more preferably still less than or equal to 20 J / cm 2 , more preferably still less than or equal to 10 J / cm 2 , more preferably less than or equal to 5 J / cm 2 , and more preferably less than or equal to 3 J / cm 2 .
- a low dose is advantageous to avoid degrading the surface of the film.
- the treatment is carried out essentially in the absence of oxygen, always in order to avoid any degradation of the film.
- the treatment can be carried out under vacuum, or in an inert atmosphere, or by protecting the film from ambient air with a physical barrier impermeable to oxygen (glass plate or polymer film for example).
- a thermal pre-treatment and / or a thermal post-treatment, before and / or after the UV irradiation, can be carried out.
- the heat pre-treatment and the heat post-treatment can in particular be carried out at a temperature of 20 to 250 ° C., preferably from 30 to 150 ° C., and preferably from 40 to 110 ° C. and for example about 100 ° C for a period of less than 30 minutes, preferably less than 15 minutes, and more preferably less than 10 minutes.
- a development step can then be carried out, so as to eliminate the non-crosslinked parts of the film and to reveal the desired geometric pattern for the film.
- Development can be carried out by contacting the film with a solvent, preferably by immersion in a solvent bath.
- the solvent can preferably be chosen from dimethylformamide; dimethylacetamide; dimethyl sulfoxide; ketones, including acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone and cyclopentanone; furans, especially tetrahydrofuran; esters, including methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate and propylene acetate glycol methyl ether; carbonates, in particular dimethylcarbonate; phosphates, in particular triethylphosphate. Mixtures of these compounds can also be used.
- non-solvent liquid miscible with the solvent, preferably from 50% to 80% by mass relative to the total of the solvent and of the non-solvent.
- the non-solvent liquid may in particular be any solvent which is different from the following solvents: dimethylformamide; dimethylacetamide; dimethyl sulfoxide; ketones; furans; esters; carbonates; phosphates.
- It may in particular be a protic solvent, that is to say a solvent comprising at least one H atom bonded to an O atom or to an N atom.
- an alcohol such as as ethanol or isopropanol
- demineralized water demineralized water.
- Mixtures of non-solvents can also be used. The presence of a non-solvent in combination with the solvent can make it possible to further improve the sharpness of the patterns obtained, compared with the assumption that the non-solvent is only used during rinsing.
- the development can be carried out preferably at a temperature of 10 to 100 ° C, preferably from 15 to 80 ° C, and more preferably from 20 to 60 ° C.
- the duration of the development is preferably less than 15 minutes, from preferably still less than 10 minutes.
- the film can be rinsed with a non-solvent liquid for the fluoropolymer, miscible with the solvent or the solvent / non-solvent mixture.
- a non-solvent liquid for the fluoropolymer miscible with the solvent or the solvent / non-solvent mixture.
- It may in particular be a practical solvent, that is to say a solvent comprising at least one H atom bonded to an O atom or to an N atom.
- an alcohol such as as ethanol or isopropanol
- demineralized water demineralized water.
- This rinsing step improves the clarity of the film patterns and the roughness of their surface.
- Rinsing can be carried out in particular by spraying the non-solvent on the crosslinked film. Rinsing can also be carried out by immersion in a non-solvent bath.
- the temperature during rinsing can be from 5 to 80 ° C, more preferably from 10 to 70 ° C, and particularly at room temperature from 15 to 35 ° C.
- the duration of the rinsing step is less than 10 minutes, more preferably less than 5 minutes, and particularly less than 1 minute.
- the film can be dried in air, and optionally undergo post-crosslinking heat treatment, by exposing it to a temperature ranging, for example, from 30 to 150 ° C., and preferably from 50 to 140 ° C. .
- the film according to the invention is preferably characterized by a dielectric constant (or relative permittivity) at 1 kHz and at 25 ° C which is greater than or equal to 10, preferably still greater than or equal to 15, preferably still greater than or equal to 20, and preferably still greater than or equal to 25.
- the dielectric constant can be measured using an impedance meter capable of measuring the capacity of the material by knowing the geometrical dimensions (thickness and facing surfaces). Said material is placed between two conductive electrodes.
- the film according to the invention can be characterized by a coercive field of less than 30 MV / m, preferably less than 20 MV / m, and preferably less than 15 MV / m.
- the film according to the invention can also be characterized by a saturation polarization greater than 30 mC / m 2 , and preferably greater than 50 mC / m 2 ; measured at an electric field of 150 MV / m and at 25 ° C.
- the coercive field and polarization at saturation measurements can be obtained by measuring the polarization curves of the material. Said film is placed between two conductive electrodes and then a sinusoidal electric field is applied. The measurement of the current passing through said film makes it possible to go back to the polarization curve.
- the film according to the invention can be used as a layer in an electronic device.
- one or more additional layers can be deposited on the substrate provided with the film of the invention, for example one or more layers of polymers, semiconductor materials, or metals, in a manner known per se.
- electronic device is meant either a single electronic component, or a set of electronic components, capable of performing one or more functions in an electronic circuit.
- the electronic device is more particularly an optoelectronic device, that is to say capable of emitting, detecting or controlling electromagnetic radiation.
- Examples of electronic devices, or if appropriate optoelectronic, concerned by the present invention are the transistors (in particular field effect), the chips, the batteries, the photovoltaic cells, the light emitting diodes (LED), the organic light emitting diodes ( OLED), sensors, actuators, transformers, haptics, electromechanical microsystems, electro-caloric devices and detectors.
- the transistors in particular field effect
- the chips the batteries, the photovoltaic cells, the light emitting diodes (LED), the organic light emitting diodes ( OLED), sensors, actuators, transformers, haptics, electromechanical microsystems, electro-caloric devices and detectors.
- the film according to the invention can be used in a field effect transistor, in particular an organic field effect transistor, as a layer or part of the dielectric layer.
- Electronic and optoelectronic devices are used and integrated in many electronic devices, equipment or sub-assemblies and in many objects and applications such as televisions, mobile phones, rigid or flexible screens, thin-film photovoltaic modules, light sources, energy sensors and converters, etc.
- the contents of the (second) schlenk were filtered through a 1 ⁇ m PTFE filter and transferred to the first schlenk, and the first schlenk was heated to 50 ° C for 3 days.
- the solution was then cooled and precipitated twice in acidified water with a few drops of hydrochloric acid.
- the cottony white solid was then washed twice with ethanol and twice with chloroform.
- the modified polymer was dried in the vacuum oven at 60 ° C overnight
- the final product was characterized by FTIR, CES and 1 H liquid NMR.
- the final polymer contains 8.3 mol.% Of benzophenone groups.
- the infrared spectrum of the polymer was measured before (broken line) and after (solid line) the modification.
- the 1 H liquid NMR spectrum of the polymer is also measured before (A) and after (B) the modification.
- a solution in a mass proportion of 4% of polymer as synthesized above was prepared in cyclopentanone.
- a film of this polymer was formed by deposition on a spinner at 1000 rpm.
- the polymer was heat pretreated at 130 ° C for 5 minutes. It was then exposed to UV irradiation under an inert atmosphere (nitrogen) using a mask at a dose of 6 J. cm 2 .
- the polymer selectively irradiated in a pattern underwent a second heat treatment at 130 ° C for 6 minutes. It was then developed for 2 minutes at room temperature in a mixture of isopropanol and cyclopentanone at a mass proportion of 80/20, then rinsed with isopropanol.
- the film obtained is photographed by optical microscopy (see Figure 3).
- the polymer corresponds to the darker areas.
- Figure 4 shows a dielectric permittivity curve relative to 1 kHz.
- the crosslinked film retains good electroactive properties with a relative dielectric permittivity greater than 20 between 20 and 80 ° C with a maximum greater than 30.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2021534712A JP2022513969A (ja) | 2018-12-17 | 2019-12-16 | 光活性基を含む架橋性電気活性フルオロポリマー |
EP19842870.8A EP3898791A1 (fr) | 2018-12-17 | 2019-12-16 | Polymères fluorés électroactifs réticulables comprenant des groupements photoactifs |
KR1020217022418A KR20210104821A (ko) | 2018-12-17 | 2019-12-16 | 광활성 기를 포함하는 플루오르화 전기활성 가교가능한 폴리머 |
US17/414,721 US20220411550A1 (en) | 2018-12-17 | 2019-12-16 | Crosslinkable electroactive fluoropolymers comprising photoactive groups |
CN201980091690.7A CN113454147B (zh) | 2018-12-17 | 2019-12-16 | 包含光活性基团的能交联的电活性氟化聚合物 |
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FR1873059A FR3089977B1 (fr) | 2018-12-17 | 2018-12-17 | Polymères fluorés électroactifs réticulables comprenant des groupements photoactifs |
FR1873059 | 2018-12-17 |
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WO2020128264A1 true WO2020128264A1 (fr) | 2020-06-25 |
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JP (1) | JP2022513969A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20210104821A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN113454147B (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3089977B1 (fr) |
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- 2019-12-16 CN CN201980091690.7A patent/CN113454147B/zh active Active
- 2019-12-16 TW TW108146052A patent/TW202035477A/zh unknown
- 2019-12-16 WO PCT/FR2019/053073 patent/WO2020128264A1/fr unknown
- 2019-12-16 EP EP19842870.8A patent/EP3898791A1/fr active Pending
- 2019-12-16 JP JP2021534712A patent/JP2022513969A/ja active Pending
- 2019-12-16 KR KR1020217022418A patent/KR20210104821A/ko active Search and Examination
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CN113454147A (zh) | 2021-09-28 |
KR20210104821A (ko) | 2021-08-25 |
US20220411550A1 (en) | 2022-12-29 |
EP3898791A1 (fr) | 2021-10-27 |
FR3089977B1 (fr) | 2021-09-10 |
CN113454147B (zh) | 2024-05-10 |
FR3089977A1 (fr) | 2020-06-19 |
JP2022513969A (ja) | 2022-02-09 |
TW202035477A (zh) | 2020-10-01 |
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