WO2020125768A1 - 路由合波器、路由合波方法、波分路由方法及网络系统 - Google Patents

路由合波器、路由合波方法、波分路由方法及网络系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020125768A1
WO2020125768A1 PCT/CN2019/127108 CN2019127108W WO2020125768A1 WO 2020125768 A1 WO2020125768 A1 WO 2020125768A1 CN 2019127108 W CN2019127108 W CN 2019127108W WO 2020125768 A1 WO2020125768 A1 WO 2020125768A1
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Prior art keywords
wavelength
port
combiner
routing
splitter
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PCT/CN2019/127108
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
田洪亮
杨波
陈爱民
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Priority to EP19898457.7A priority Critical patent/EP3902167A4/en
Publication of WO2020125768A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020125768A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/0227—Operation, administration, maintenance or provisioning [OAMP] of WDM networks, e.g. media access, routing or wavelength allocation
    • H04J14/0228—Wavelength allocation for communications one-to-all, e.g. broadcasting wavelengths
    • H04J14/023—Wavelength allocation for communications one-to-all, e.g. broadcasting wavelengths in WDM passive optical networks [WDM-PON]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/0278—WDM optical network architectures
    • H04J14/0282—WDM tree architectures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/0227—Operation, administration, maintenance or provisioning [OAMP] of WDM networks, e.g. media access, routing or wavelength allocation
    • H04J14/0254—Optical medium access
    • H04J14/0267—Optical signaling or routing

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a routing combiner, a routing combining method, a wavelength division routing method, and a network system.
  • Wavelength Division Multiplexing-Passive Optical Network generally uses Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) networking, although Optical line terminal (Optical Line Terminal, OLT) and optical network unit (Optical Network Unit, ONU) use wavelength tunable optical module (transmit wavelength adjustable, wide spectrum reception), but the device side port of AWG can only access specific wavelength
  • the tunable optical module of the OLT or ONU connected to a device-side port of the AWG can only access the optical signal when it is tuned to emit a specific wavelength. Therefore, in WDM-PON, only the OLT and ONU connected to a pair of fixed ports at both ends can establish a wavelength connection channel, which is inconvenient to use.
  • colored light or wavelength tunable optical modules use passive WDM devices to multiplex or demultiplex multiple wavelengths to the backbone fiber, effectively saving fronthaul fiber resources.
  • passive WDM system there are also fixed connection relationships between the passive WDM device ports at both ends of the device side, indoor baseband processing unit (Building Baseband Unit, BBU) or distribution unit (Distribute Unit, DU) side optical module, and remote radio frequency unit (Remote Radio (Unit, RRU) or Active Antenna Unit (AAU) side optical modules can only be connected according to a fixed connection relationship to establish a wavelength connection channel, which is inconvenient for deployment and operation and maintenance.
  • BBU Building Baseband Unit
  • DU Distribution unit
  • RRU Remote Radio
  • AAU Active Antenna Unit
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a routing combiner, a routing combining method, a wavelength division routing method, and a network system to achieve flexible connection between the central office and the terminal.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a routing multiplexer for a wavelength division multiplexing system.
  • the routing multiplexer includes a network-side port and multiple device-side ports,
  • the routing multiplexer is configured to combine and output multiple optical signals input to the multiple device-side ports and output from the network-side port, wherein each optical signal input to each device-side port is Any one or more wavelength optical signals in the multiple optical signals; and,
  • the routing multiplexer is configured to wavelength-route the optical signal input to the network-side port into multiple optical signals each containing only one wavelength, and each optical signal passes through one of the multiple device-side ports One output.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a network system including the first route combiner as described in any embodiment, and the second route combiner as described in any embodiment, wherein: the first The network-side port of a route combiner is connected to the network-side port of the second route combiner.
  • An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a network system including the first route combiner as described in any embodiment, the second route combiner as described in any embodiment, and an optical amplifier module, wherein: The network-side port of the first routing multiplexer is connected to one end of the optical amplification module, the other end of the optical amplification module is connected to the network-side port of the second routing multiplexer, and the optical amplification module is set to Amplify the optical signal from the first route combiner and input to the second route combiner, and amplify the optical signal from the first route combiner and input to the second route Combiner.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a routing multiplexing method, including:
  • optical signals input to the network-side port are routed into multiple optical signals each including an optical signal of only one wavelength, and the multiple optical signals are respectively output through the device-side ports.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a wavelength division routing method, which is applied to the network system described in any embodiment, and includes:
  • the central office unit sets the transmission wavelength of the central office unit to the reception wavelength of the device-side port connected to the terminal unit to which the central office unit needs to be connected;
  • the terminal unit sets the transmission wavelength of the terminal unit to the reception wavelength of the device-side port connected to the central office unit to which the terminal unit needs to be connected.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of redundant backup, load sharing, and system-end pooling scenarios in related technologies
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a route combiner provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of multiplexing by the route combiner shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the division wave of the route combiner shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an implementation manner of a route combiner provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the wavelength combiner of the route combiner shown in FIG. 6;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the multiplexer of the route multiplexer shown in FIG. 6;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of another implementation manner of a route combiner provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the wavelength combiner of the route combiner shown in FIG. 9;
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the multiplexing circuit of the multiplexer shown in FIG. 9;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of another implementation manner of a route combiner provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the wavelength combiner of the route combiner shown in FIG. 12;
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the multiplexing circuit of the multiplexer shown in FIG. 12;
  • 16 is a schematic diagram of the output spectrum of the wavelength selective combiner/splitter
  • Fig. 17a is a schematic diagram of the output spectrum of port 3 of the wavelength selective combiner/splitter of the first, second, and third stages in a 1:8 split optical network;
  • Fig. 17b is a schematic diagram of the output spectrum of port 4 of the 1, 2, and 3 wavelength selective combiner/splitter in the 1:8 split optical network;
  • FIG. 18 is a flowchart of a routing multiplexing method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 19a to 19e are schematic diagrams of network systems provided by embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing
  • 21a is a schematic diagram of a redundant backup system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • 21b is a flowchart of the system redundancy backup method shown in FIG. 21a;
  • 22a is a schematic diagram of a redundant backup system provided by another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • 22b is a flowchart of the system redundancy backup method shown in FIG. 22a;
  • ODN optical Distribution Network
  • 23b is a flowchart of the WDM routing method of the network shown in FIG. 23a;
  • 24a is a schematic diagram of an ODN network directly connected to a service device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • 24b is a flowchart of the WDM routing method of the network shown in FIG. 24a;
  • FIG. 25 is a flowchart of a wavelength division routing method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the OLT side uses N+1 redundancy.
  • the OLT and ONU are paired to communicate.
  • One OLT is idle.
  • an ONU needs to be reconnected to the idle OLT. That is, the wavelength reconfiguration between the OLT and the ONU is required, and the ODN can establish a wavelength connection channel between any OLT and any ONU.
  • the WDM-PON system in the related art obviously cannot provide this capability.
  • An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an optical device (hereinafter referred to as a routing multiplexer) for a WDM system.
  • the routing multiplexer has a single directional light Signal multiplexing and single direction optical signal wavelength routing functions, such as multiplexing multiple downstream optical signals and multiple upstream optical signal wavelength routing; or multiplexing multiple upstream optical signals and multiple downstream optical signal wavelength routing.
  • the side of this router and multiplexer is called the device side, and the other side is called the network side.
  • the device side is equipped with multiple optical ports (called device-side ports). Multiple devices are connected through a single fiber, and the network side is equipped with one or more The optical port (called the network-side port) connects to the backbone fiber.
  • the routing multiplexer can multiplex the multiple branch fiber optical signals from the device side and output them from the network side backbone fiber, where each branch fiber optical signal is It can include at least one wavelength optical signal among multiple WDM wavelength optical signals; from the network side to the device side, the routing multiplexer performs wavelength routing on the mixed optical signals of multiple WDM wavelengths from the backbone fiber, respectively from different devices
  • the side port outputs to the branch fiber, where each branch fiber is only allocated to one wavelength optical signal among multiple wavelength optical signals (that is, each device side port outputs one wavelength signal).
  • the routing multiplexer located on the OLT side, the optical signal transmitted from the device side to the network side is the downstream optical signal, and the optical signal transmitted from the network side to the device side is the upstream optical signal;
  • the routing located on the ONU side In the multiplexer, the optical signal transmitted from the device side to the network side is an upstream optical signal, and the optical signal transmitted from the network side to the device side is a downstream optical signal.
  • the multiple wavelength optical signals are multiple wavelength optical signals within one multiplexing period of the multiplexer.
  • each branch fiber can be distributed to N corresponding wavelengths of light in different multiplexing cycles Signal, so that in different multiplexing periods, the wavelength of the output optical signal may be different.
  • the routing multiplexer can multiplex the multiple branch fiber optical signals from the device side and output them from the network side backbone fiber, where each branch fiber optical signal can include a routing multiplexer At least one wavelength optical signal among the multiple wavelength optical signals within N multiplexing periods of.
  • the routing multiplexer includes a network-side port 31 and multiple device-side ports 32.
  • the routing multiplexer is configured to perform multi-channel WDM optical signal input to the multiple device-side ports 32. Combined and output from the network-side port 31, wherein each optical signal input to each device-side port 32 is any one or more wavelength optical signals of the multiple optical signals; and, input to The WDM optical signal of the network-side port 31 is wavelength-routed into multiple optical signals each containing an optical signal of only one wavelength, and each optical signal is output through one of the plurality of device-side ports 32.
  • the multi-channel WDM optical signals input from multiple device-side ports 32 can arbitrarily change the corresponding relationship between the wavelength and the device-side port 32, and change the number of wavelengths input to any device-side port 32 without changing the multiplexing of the route combiner
  • the capability that is, can be output from the network-side port 31.
  • the network side port 31 includes one or more. When there are multiple network side ports 31, the multiple network side ports 31 are mutually backup.
  • the upstream WDM optical signals with wavelengths ⁇ 1', ⁇ 2', ..., ⁇ n' As shown in FIG.
  • the routing multiplexer includes n device-side ports, one network-side port, and n downstream optical signals are input to the n device-side ports, each optical signal includes ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ..., ⁇ n
  • An optical signal of any one or more wavelengths is combined by a multiplexer to combine the n downstream optical signals into a mixed optical signal containing multiple wavelengths of ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ..., ⁇ n, and the combined optical signal after being combined Output from the network side port 31; this routing multiplexer can be applied on the office side (OLT, BBU or DU).
  • the upstream mixed optical signal is wavelength-routed into n optical signals
  • the wavelengths of each optical signal are ⁇ 1', ⁇ 2', ..., ⁇ n', respectively, and the n optical signals are output from fixed n device-side ports, respectively.
  • the router can be used on the terminal side (ONU, RRU or AAU).
  • a routing multiplexer which multiplexes multiple WDM optical signals input to the device-side port and from the network Side port output; and, splitting multiple WDM optical signals of different wavelengths input to the network side port into multiple optical signals each containing only one wavelength of optical signal, and passing each optical signal through one of the The device-side port output, the solution provided in this embodiment, realizes unidirectional multiplexing and unidirectional wavelength routing.
  • outputting each wavelength division multiplexed optical signal through a port on the device side includes: passing each wavelength division multiplexed optical signal through a fixed wavelength corresponding to the wavelength of the wavelength division multiplexed optical signal Device side port output.
  • this embodiment provides a routing multiplexer for a WDM system, including a splitter 601 connected to a network-side port, a splitter 602 connected to a device-side port, and a combiner 603 and Demultiplexer 604.
  • the splitter 601 corresponds one-to-one with the network-side port
  • the splitter 602 corresponds one-to-one with the device-side interface, that is, each port of the routing multiplexer is provided with a splitter, which is set to realize the corresponding port up and down
  • the multiplexing and demultiplexing of the WDM optical signal the splitter 601 is configured to realize the multiplexing and demultiplexing of the multiple WDM optical signals after multiplexing and the multiple WDM optical signals before routing, the splitter 601 and the splitter 602 can use common multiplexing At least one of a demultiplexing device (such as at least one of a thin film filter, a fiber Bragg grating, a multimode interference coupler, a directional coupler, etc.) and a loop device.
  • a demultiplexing device such as at least one of a thin film filter, a fiber Bragg grating, a multimode interference coupler, a directional coupler, etc.
  • the combiner 603 includes multiple input ports (the number of input ports is the same as the number of ports on the device side) and an output port.
  • the function is to couple multiple WDM optical signals of any wavelength input from any input port together from the output port of the combiner
  • the output can be realized by using a common power splitter with wavelength-independent characteristics (such as at least one of a fused fiber splitter, a planar waveguide splitter, a star coupler, etc.).
  • the demultiplexer 604 includes an input port and multiple output ports.
  • the function is to route the mixed WDM optical signals of multiple wavelengths from the input port by wavelength. Different wavelength optical signals are output from different output ports. Common multi-ports can be used.
  • Wavelength division multiplexing devices such as at least one of multi-channel thin film filters, arrayed waveguide gratings, etched diffraction gratings, cascaded microring resonators, cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometers, etc.
  • the multiple input ports of the combiner 603 are respectively connected to the splitter 602 connected to the device-side port, and the output port of the combiner 603 is connected to the splitter 601 connected to the network-side port.
  • the input port of the demultiplexer 604 is connected to the splitter 601 connected to the network side port, and the multiple output ports of the demultiplexer 604 are respectively connected to the splitter 602 connected to the device side port, wherein:
  • the splitter 601 connected to the network-side port is configured to direct the WDM optical signal from the network-side port to the demultiplexer 604, and the combined WDM after the multiplexing from the combiner 603
  • the optical signal is directed to the network side port output;
  • the splitter 602 connected to the device-side port is configured to direct the WDM optical signal from the demultiplexer 604 to the device-side port output, and to direct the WDM optical signal from the device-side port to the Describe the combiner 603;
  • the combiner 603 is configured to couple the WDM optical signals input from the input port of the combiner 603 together and output from the output port of the combiner 603 to the port connected to the network side port Separator 601;
  • only two splitters connected to the device-side port are shown in FIG. 6.
  • there are n device-side ports there are n corresponding splitters connected to the device-side port.
  • the working principle of the wavelength routing of the routing combiner shown in FIG. 6 is shown in FIG. 7.
  • the splitter connected to the device-side port has Two.
  • the mixed optical signal containing the wavelength ⁇ 1 and the wavelength ⁇ 2 from the network-side backbone fiber is separated by a splitter 601, and the separated optical signal is directed to a demultiplexer 604, and the demultiplexer 604 performs wavelength routing to route light of different wavelengths
  • the signal is directed to a splitter 602 connected to different equipment-side ports, and the splitter 602 directs the optical signal to the connected branch fiber for output. In this way, the wavelength routing function from the network side to the device side is successfully implemented.
  • FIG. 8 The working principle of the multiplexer of the route combiner shown in FIG. 6 is shown in FIG. 8.
  • the splitter connected to the device-side port has Two.
  • the two optical signals with the wavelengths ⁇ 3 and ⁇ 4 from the device-side branch fiber are respectively guided to the combiner 603 through the splitter 602 of the respective device-side port, and the combiner 603 combines and outputs the two optical signals to
  • the splitter 601 on the network side port, the splitter 601 on the network side port transparently transmits the combined optical signal (the optical signal includes optical signals with wavelengths ⁇ 3 and ⁇ 4) output from the backbone fiber, thereby completing the device side to the network side
  • the combined wave function the optical signal includes optical signals with wavelengths ⁇ 3 and ⁇ 4 output from the backbone fiber
  • the routing multiplexer may be packaged into a module by the above-mentioned single optical device through spatial optical coupling, or may be integrated on a single optical chip using photonic integration technology.
  • the optical distribution network may include two or more bidirectional wavelengths, for example, the splitter and splitter are 1:32 splitting When compared, it can support 64 (32 groups) wavelength bidirectional distribution.
  • the demultiplexer is a periodic wavelength division multiplexing device, such as an arrayed waveguide grating or an etched diffraction grating, a cascaded microring resonator, etc.
  • the network-side backbone fiber to the device-side branch fiber
  • the trunk fiber input includes multiple wavelength signals within multiplexing periods of multiple demultiplexers, such as optical signals within two multiplexing periods of wavelengths ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 5, ⁇ 6, where the wavelength range of ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 5 is One multiplexing period of the splitter ( ⁇ 2 to ⁇ 6 wavelength range is equal to ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 5)
  • the device side branch fiber can output ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 5, ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 6, respectively.
  • the routing combiner includes a combining splitter 901 and a plurality of filters 902.
  • the combining splitter 901 includes a first port and at least one second port
  • the filter 902 includes a third port and a fourth port
  • the filter 902 and the device-side port the second port
  • One-to-one correspondence that is, each device-side port corresponds to a filter 902, and each second port corresponds to a filter 902, where the number of the filters is equal to the number of the device-side ports, the first The number of two ports is equal to the number of ports on the device side
  • the first port of the combining splitter 901 is connected to the network side port
  • the second port of the combining splitter 901 is connected to the corresponding A third port of the filter 902
  • a fourth port of the filter 902 is connected to a corresponding device-side port, wherein,
  • the multiplexer 901 is configured to multiplex and output multiple WDM optical signals from the filter 902 to a network-side port, and to mix multiple WDM optical wavelengths from the network-side port
  • the signal is shunted to all filters 902; thereby combining the filtering function of the filter 902 to realize the coupling of multiple channels of any wavelength optical signals input from any branch fiber from the network side port to the backbone fiber, and the network side from the backbone
  • the mixed optical signals of multiple wavelengths input by the optical fiber are shunted to the corresponding branch fiber ports on the device side for output.
  • the combining splitter 901 can be implemented by a common power splitter with wavelength independent characteristics (such as at least one of a fused fiber splitter, a planar waveguide splitter, etc.).
  • the filter 902 is configured to extract the mixed WDM optical signals of multiple wavelengths from the combining splitter 901 to extract optical signals of wavelengths corresponding to the device-side port connected to the filter, and pass the device-side Port output; and, the optical signal from the device-side port is transmitted and input to the combining splitter 901.
  • downstream WDM optical signals with wavelengths ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ..., ⁇ n, and upstream WDM optical signals with wavelengths ⁇ 1', ⁇ 2', ..., ⁇ n' are routed from the combiner network side to the device side It is the downstream direction, and the transmission direction from the device side to the network side is the upstream direction, that is, the routing multiplexer is located on the terminal side (ONU, RRU, or AAU).
  • the filter 902 has the following filtering characteristics.
  • the filter 902 connected to the device side port is The routing wavelength ⁇ x corresponding to this port (one of ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ..., ⁇ n, the value of x depends on the port) is transparently transmitted, and the combined wavelength ⁇ 1', ⁇ 2', ..., ⁇ n' is transparently transmitted, not the port.
  • the corresponding routing wavelengths ( ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ..., ⁇ n wavelengths other than ⁇ x) are reflected and then cut off.
  • the filter 902 may be implemented by a wavelength division multiplexing device (such as at least one of fiber Bragg grating, micro ring resonator, multimode interference coupler, etc.).
  • a wavelength division multiplexing device such as at least one of fiber Bragg grating, micro ring resonator, multimode interference coupler, etc.
  • the working principle of the wavelength routing of the routing combiner shown in FIG. 9 is shown in FIG. 10.
  • the mixed optical signal containing the wavelengths ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 from the backbone fiber on the network side is divided into two channels by the combining splitter 901, each of which is a mixed optical signal containing the wavelengths ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2, which are input to the first filter respectively
  • the first filter transmits an optical signal with a wavelength of ⁇ 1
  • the second filter transmits an optical signal with a wavelength of ⁇ 2
  • the two branch optical fibers on the device side respectively output optical signals with a wavelength of ⁇ 1 and a wavelength of ⁇ 2.
  • the wavelength routing function from the network side to the device side is successfully implemented.
  • the working principle of the multiplexing function of the routing multiplexer shown in Figure 9 is shown in Figure 11.
  • Two optical signals with wavelengths ⁇ 3 and ⁇ 4 from the branch fiber on the device side are transmitted.
  • the optical signal with wavelength ⁇ 3 is transmitted to the combining splitter 901 through the first filter, and the optical signal with wavelength ⁇ 4 is transmitted through the second filter
  • the combiner splitter 901 combines the two optical signals to obtain a mixed optical signal containing wavelengths ⁇ 3 and ⁇ 4, which is output to the network-side port, thereby completing the device-to-network side combining function .
  • the combining splitter 901 can realize the branch fiber Combined function of input optical signal. That is, the combining function of the combining splitter 901 is independent of the wavelength value of the input optical signal of the branch fiber.
  • the first filter and the second filter transmit both the optical signals with wavelengths ⁇ 3 and ⁇ 4 transmitted from the device side to the network side.
  • the routing multiplexer may be packaged into a module by the above-mentioned single optical device through spatial optical coupling, or may be integrated on a single optical chip using photonic integration technology.
  • the optical distribution network may include two or more bidirectional wavelengths, for example, when the splitter is 1:32 split ratio , Can support 64 (32 groups) wavelength bidirectional distribution.
  • the filter is a periodic wavelength selection device, such as a microring resonator, etc., in FIG. 10
  • the backbone fiber input includes multiple wavelength selections Multiple wavelength signals in a period, such as wavelengths ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 5, ⁇ 6, select optical signals in a period of two wavelengths, where the first filter transmits optical signals with wavelengths ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 5, and the second filter pair
  • the optical signals with wavelengths ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 6 are transmitted, and the branch fiber on the device side can output ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 5, ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 6, respectively.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the route combiner.
  • the routing combiner includes the first to N-th wavelength-selective combiners from the network-side port to the device-side port, and each stage of the wavelength-selective combiner includes at least one wavelength-selective combiner Splitter.
  • the sixth port of the wavelength selective combiner and splitter has a one-to-one correspondence with the wavelength selective combiner and splitter of the i+1th stage, and each sixth port of the wavelength selective combiner and splitter of the Nth stage is connected to a
  • the fifth port of the wavelength-selective combiner and splitter of the first stage is connected to the network-side port, where:
  • the wavelength selective combiner and splitter is configured to couple all optical signals input to the sixth port of the wavelength selective combiner and splitter to output from the fifth port of the wavelength selective combiner and splitter, and ,
  • the mixed optical signals of a plurality of wavelengths input to the fifth port of the wavelength-selective combiner and splitter are divided into M groups, and respectively output through the M sixth ports of the wavelength-selective combiner and splitter.
  • the wavelength-selective combiner and splitter of the first stage divides the mixed optical signals of multiple wavelengths input to the fifth port of the wavelength-selective combiner and splitter into M groups, and respectively selects through the wavelength
  • the combiner splitter is input to the M wavelength-selective combiner splitters of the second stage (a group of optical signals are input to a second-stage wavelength-selective combiner and splitter), and each wavelength of the second stage is combined
  • the channel splitter divides the mixed optical signals of multiple wavelengths input to the fifth port of the wavelength selective combining splitter into M groups, and respectively inputs into M third-stage wavelength selective combining splitters, in order.
  • each wavelength selective combiner of the Nth stage divides the mixed optical signals of multiple wavelengths input to the fifth port of the wavelength selective combiner into M groups, and outputs them through the corresponding device-side ports.
  • the first stage contains 1 wavelength-selective combiner and splitter
  • the second stage contains 2 wavelength-selective combiners and splitters
  • the third stage contains 4 wavelength-selective combiners and splitters.
  • Level i contains 2 i-1 wavelength selective multiplexers
  • Level N contains 2 N-1 wavelength selective multiplexers.
  • the wavelength selective combining splitter is realized by at least one of the following: directional coupler, Mach-Zehnder interferometer, etalon, etc., that is, one or a combination of directional coupler, Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and etalon
  • a wavelength selective multiplexer is implemented, and multiple wavelength selective multiplexers may be the same or different.
  • the splitting ratio is 1:2 N
  • a total of N groups of wavelength-selective multiplexers must be cascaded, and the N-th wavelength-selective multiplexer group contains 2 N-1 wavelength-selective multiplexers.
  • the dividing the mixed optical signals of a plurality of wavelengths input to the fifth port of the wavelength selective combining splitter into M groups includes: dividing the fifth input of the wavelength selective combining splitter into the fifth group A plurality of optical signals with equal interval wavelengths and a first interval are divided into a first group and a second group with the same number of optical signals, and the first group includes a plurality of optical signals with equal interval wavelengths and a second interval, The second group includes a plurality of optical signals at equally spaced wavelengths and at intervals of a second interval, the second interval being twice the first interval.
  • the following uses a routing multiplexer with a splitting ratio of 1:4, including two-stage wavelength selective multiplexers, and each wavelength selective multiplexer including two sixth-port routing multiplexers as an example.
  • the first-stage wavelength-selective combiner and splitter includes a first wavelength-selective combiner and splitter
  • the second-stage wavelength-selective combiner and splitter includes a second wavelength-selective combiner and splitter and a third wavelength-selective combiner Splitter.
  • the working principle of wavelength routing is shown in Figure 13.
  • the mixed optical signals with wavelengths ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, and ⁇ 4 from the backbone fiber on the network side are divided into two channels through a first wavelength selective combiner and splitter, one channel contains optical signals with wavelengths ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 3, and the other channel contains Optical signals with wavelengths ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 4, optical signals with wavelengths ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 3 are input to the second wavelength selective combining splitter, and the second wavelength selective combining splitter splits the signal into two channels with wavelengths of ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 3, respectively
  • the two branch optical fibers on the device side output optical signals with wavelengths ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 3, respectively, and optical signals with wavelengths ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 4 are input to the third wavelength selective combining splitter.
  • the third wavelength selective combining splitter will The signal is divided into two optical signals with wavelengths of ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 4, respectively.
  • the two branch optical fibers on the device side output optical signals with wavelengths of ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 4, respectively, thus successfully implementing the wavelength routing function from the network side to the device side.
  • the working principle of the multiplexing function is shown in Figure 14.
  • the optical signal with a wavelength of ⁇ 5 and the optical signal with a wavelength of ⁇ 6 from the device-side branch fiber are combined by the second wavelength-selective combiner and splitter, and then input to the first wavelength-selective combiner and splitter.
  • the optical signals with the wavelengths ⁇ 7 and ⁇ 8 are combined by the third wavelength selective combining splitter and input to the first wavelength selective combining splitter.
  • the first wavelength selective combining splitter performs the above four wavelength signals.
  • the combined wave is output to the network side port, thereby completing the multiplexing function from the device side to the network side.
  • the routing multiplexer can be achieved Combined function of branch optical fiber input optical signal. That is, the combining function of the route combiner is independent of the wavelength value of the input optical signal of the branch fiber.
  • the wavelength-selective combiner and splitter in the route combiner meets the following requirements: For a route combiner with a split ratio of 1:2N, it is composed of a cascade of N-level wavelength-selective combiner and splitter , The N-th wavelength-selective combiner and splitter group contains 2 N-1 wavelength-selective combiner and splitters.
  • each wavelength-selective combiner and splitter will input multiple equally spaced wavelengths, The minimum or maximum wavelength value is used as the starting mark for wavelength 1, and the sorted wavelengths are marked. According to the wavelength mark, it is divided into two groups: odd wavelength (identified as odd) and even wavelength (identified as even).
  • a group of wavelengths input on the side, each wavelength is selected by the combiner and splitter.
  • the loss value is basically the same (try to tend to a 1:1 split ratio, that is 3dB).
  • One implementation of the wavelength selective combining splitter is the Mach-Zehnder interferometer shown in FIG. 15 (ie, Mach-Zehnder interferometer), which includes two directional couplers with coupling coefficients k 1 and k 2 respectively, and The arm length is an interference arm of l 1 and l 2 respectively.
  • Port 1 is the fifth port of the wavelength selective combiner and splitter
  • Port 3 and Port 4 are the sixth port of the wavelength selective combiner and splitter.
  • a 0 is the optical amplitude of the input signal at port 1
  • ⁇ is the light propagation constant
  • n e is the effective refractive index of the waveguide of the wavelength-selective splitter
  • ⁇ is the wavelength of the input optical signal.
  • the wavelength of the input optical signal selects the wavelength value of the maximum equally-spaced optical power on the P3 and P4 spectral curves to form the odd-numbered wavelength sum of the wavelength-selective combiner and splitter Two sets of even wavelengths are output from the corresponding ports.
  • the wavelength interval corresponding to the minimum optical power change period of the first-stage wavelength-selective combiner and splitter is T 0 (as shown in FIG. 16), and the i-th wavelength-selective combiner
  • T i the wavelength interval corresponding to the minimum optical power change period of the road splitter
  • k and mi can take any positive integer.
  • N 3T 0
  • T 2 6T 0 /7
  • m 2 3
  • the spectral transmission characteristics shown in Figs. 17a and 17b can be obtained.
  • the solid lines in Figs. 17a and 17b, the dotted lines and the dashed-dotted lines are the ports of the first-level wavelength selective combining splitter, the second-level wavelength selective combining splitter and the third-level wavelength selective combining splitter, respectively.
  • the input wavelength interval selected between the multiplexers and splitters at each stage is 2 i-2 k ⁇ T 0 .
  • ⁇ 8 with a wavelength interval of 1.5T 0 after passing through the first-stage wavelength selective combiner and splitter, the odd array wavelengths ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 3, ⁇ 5 and ⁇ 7 minimal loss of transmission spectrum in the port 3, from the output port 3; ⁇ 2, ⁇ 4, ⁇ 6 , and ⁇ 8 the maximum loss, from the 4-port output transmission spectrum on port 4.
  • the wavelength output of port 1 of the first-stage wavelength selective combiner and splitter is ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 3 , ⁇ 5 and ⁇ 7 with a wavelength interval of 3T 0.
  • its port 3 After passing through the wavelength-selective and combiner and splitter of the second stage, its port 3 outputs ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 5 , and port 4 outputs ⁇ 3 and ⁇ 7 .
  • the second-stage wavelength-selective combiner and splitter port 3 outputs ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 5 with a wavelength interval of 6T 0. After passing through the third-stage wavelength-selective combiner and splitter, its port 3 outputs ⁇ 1 and port 4 outputs ⁇ 5 .
  • the routing paths of other wavelengths are: ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 4 , ⁇ 6 and ⁇ 8 wavelengths output by the first-level wavelength-selective combiner and splitter port 4 with a wavelength interval of 3T 0 , after the second-level wavelength-selective combination After the road splitter, its port 3 outputs ⁇ 4 and ⁇ 8 , and port 4 outputs ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 6 ;
  • the second-stage wavelength selection of the splitter port 3 outputs a wavelength interval of 6T 0 ⁇ 4 and ⁇ 8 ,
  • the second-stage wavelength selective combiner and splitter port 4 outputs a wavelength interval of 6T 0 ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 6 , after passing through the third-stage wavelength selective combiner and splitter, its port 3 outputs ⁇ 6 , and its port 4 outputs ⁇ 2 .
  • each wavelength is selected to select the combined splitter port 3 and port 4 on the output spectral curve, and the split ratio is close to 1:1 (that is, P /A 0 2 about 0.5) wavelength point.
  • a wavelength management module is further provided on the routing multiplexer, and the wavelength management module is configured to implement at least one of the following:
  • the first central office unit When the first central office unit needs to establish a connection with the first terminal unit through the routing multiplexer, it sends a first instruction to the first central office unit.
  • the first instruction carries the first wavelength indication information.
  • the first wavelength indication information indicates the reception wavelength of the device-side port connected to the first terminal unit;
  • a second instruction is sent to the first terminal unit, and the second instruction carries second wavelength indication information, the The second wavelength indication information indicates the reception wavelength of the device-side port connected to the first central office unit.
  • routing multiplexer in the above embodiment is only an example, and the present application is not limited thereto.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a route combiner method for a WDM system.
  • the route combiner method adjusts the emission wavelength matching of the tunable optical module on the device side ports at both ends
  • the wavelength routing relationship between different ports of the route combiner enables flexible configuration of the wavelength connection relationship between different ports.
  • the tunable optical module can adopt a wide-spectrum receiver, and does not require a tunable receiver, which can greatly reduce the cost and package size of the optical module.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a route combining method for a WDM system, including:
  • Step 18010 multiplex the multiple WDM optical signals input to the device-side port of the routing multiplexer and output from the network-side port of the routing multiplexer, wherein any port of the network-side port can input multiple Any wavelength optical signal in the WDM optical signal.
  • step 18020 the optical signals input to the network-side port are wavelength-routed into multiple optical signals each containing an optical signal of only one wavelength, and the multiple optical signals are output through the device-side ports, respectively.
  • a multi-level optical splitting ODN network with flexible wavelength division routing can be realized.
  • FIG. 19a is a schematic diagram of a WDM network system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 19a, it includes a first route combiner (local side route combiner) 1901 and a second route combiner (terminal side route combiner) 1902, wherein the first route combiner
  • the network-side port of 1901 is connected to the network-side port of the second routing multiplexer 1902, for example, through a backbone optical fiber.
  • the first routing multiplexer 1901 implements multiplexing and wavelength routing functions for the WDM system downstream optical signals and upstream optical signals, respectively
  • the second routing multiplexer 1902 implements the WDM system downstream optical signals and upstream optical signals respectively Wavelength routing and multiplexing functions.
  • the first route combiner 1901 and the second route combiner 1902 refer to the route combiner in the above multiple embodiments.
  • the above network system can be used in the field of wired optical access and optical transmission, and can also be used in the field of 4G&5G fronthaul, which can increase the flexibility of the wavelength channel configuration of the optical network, and can provide redundancy protection, load sharing, and system pooling for the carried business system Support for other functions.
  • the first routing multiplexer 1901 and the second routing multiplexer 1902 are arranged in the same position as the AWG in the WDM-PON.
  • the network system further includes: a central office unit (central office unit 1 to central office unit N shown in FIG. 19a) and a terminal unit (terminal unit 1 to a terminal shown in FIG. 19a) Unit M), wherein the device-side port of the first routing multiplexer 1901 is connected to the central office unit, and each device-side port of the second routing multiplexer 1902 is connected to a terminal unit.
  • the device-side ports of the first route combiner 1901 are respectively connected to the central office unit through the local end fiber distribution, and the multiple device-side ports of the second route combiner 1902 are respectively connected to the terminal unit through the branch fiber.
  • the network-side ports of the first route combiner 1901 and the second route combiner 1902 are connected to the backbone fiber. among them:
  • the central office unit is configured to set the transmission wavelength of the central office unit to the reception wavelength of the device-side port connected to the terminal unit to which the central office unit needs to be connected;
  • the terminal unit is configured to set the transmission wavelength of the terminal unit to the reception wavelength of the device-side port connected to the central office unit to which the terminal unit needs to be connected.
  • the central office unit is, for example, an optical module of the central office transmission equipment (such as OLT), and the terminal unit is, for example, an optical module of the terminal transmission equipment (such as ONU), or the central office unit is the central office business equipment (such as BBU or DU) optical module, the terminal unit is an optical module of a terminal service device (such as RRU or AAU).
  • OLT or BBU or DU may include one or more central office units, and an ONU or RRU or AAU may contain one or more terminal units.
  • the first route combiner 1901 has the multiplexing function of multiple wavelengths in the direction from the office end to the terminal (downstream direction), that is, any wavelength wavelength optical signal input from any port on the device side of the first route combiner 1901 , Can be multiplexed to the network-side port through the first route combiner 1901; the first route combiner 1901 has a routing function for multiple wavelengths in the upstream direction, that is, it will be multiplexed to the backbone through the second route combiner 1902
  • the multiple upstream wavelength optical signals of the optical fiber are respectively routed to corresponding ports for output according to different wavelengths.
  • the second route combiner 1902 has a routing function for multiple wavelengths in the downstream direction, that is, the multiple downstream wavelength optical signals multiplexed to the backbone fiber through the first route combiner 1901 are respectively routed to corresponding ports for output according to different wavelengths .
  • the second route combiner 1902 also has a multiplexing function for multiple wavelengths in the direction from the terminal to the central office (upstream direction), that is, the optical signal of any wavelength in the upstream wavelength is input from any port on the device side of the second route combiner 1902 , Can be multiplexed through the second route multiplexer 1902 to the network port output.
  • the network system further includes a wavelength management module 1903, and the wavelength management module 1903 is configured to implement at least one of the following:
  • the first central office unit When the first central office unit needs to establish a connection with the first terminal unit, it sends a first instruction to the first central office unit, where the first instruction carries first wavelength indication information, and the first wavelength indication information indicates The receiving wavelength of the device-side port connected to the first terminal unit;
  • the first central office unit When the first central office unit needs to establish a connection with the first terminal unit, it sends a second instruction to the first terminal unit, where the second instruction carries second wavelength indication information, and the second wavelength indication information indicates The receiving wavelength of the device-side port connected to the first central office unit is described.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a network system including a first route combiner 1901, a second route combiner 1902, and a first optical amplification module 1904.
  • the first The optical amplification module 1904 is connected between the network-side port of the first routing multiplexer 1901 and the network-side port of the second routing multiplexer 1902.
  • the first optical amplification module 1904 is integrated in Inside the first routing multiplexer, wherein: the first optical amplifying module 1904 is configured to compensate for the optical link loss introduced by the routing multiplexer to multiplexing the WDM optical signal, respectively to the combined downstream optical signal and before routing The upstream optical signal is amplified.
  • the first optical amplifying module 1904 may be set independently or on the first routing multiplexer 1901.
  • the optical amplifier module is configured to amplify the optical signal from the first route multiplexer and input it to the second route multiplexer, and combine the first route multiplexer The optical signal of the amplifier is amplified and input to the second routing multiplexer.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a network system including a first route combiner 1901 and a second route combiner 1902.
  • the first route combiner 1901 The network-side port is connected to the network-side port of the second routing multiplexer 1902, and further includes at least one second optical amplifying module 1905, and the second optical amplifying modules 1905 are respectively connected to the device-side ports of the first routing multiplexer 1901
  • the second optical amplifying module 1905 is configured to amplify the downstream optical signal before multiplexing and multiplexing and the upstream optical signal after routing.
  • the second optical amplifying module 1905 may be set independently, or may be set on the central office unit, or may be set on the first route combiner 1901.
  • a network system is provided. As shown in FIG. 19e, in addition to the first route combiner 1901 and the second route combiner 1902, at least one third optical amplifier module 1906 is included.
  • the device-side ports of the second routing multiplexer 1902 are respectively connected, and the third optical amplifying module 1906 is configured to amplify the optical signal before multiplexing and multiplexing and the optical signal after routing.
  • the third optical amplifying module 1906 may be set independently, on the terminal unit, or on the second route combiner 1902.
  • a network system including one or more of the foregoing first optical amplification module 1904, second optical amplification module 1905, and third optical amplification module 1906.
  • the device-side ports of the first routing multiplexer respectively implement route allocation to the upstream wavelengths ⁇ 1′, ⁇ 2′, ⁇ 3′, and ⁇ 4′. That is, multiple device-side ports of the first route combiner respectively output optical signals with wavelengths of ⁇ 1', ⁇ 2', ⁇ 3', and ⁇ 4' to OLT1, OLT2, OLT3, and OLT4, and each port outputs only multiple wavelengths and One wavelength of the optical signal corresponding to the port number.
  • the device-side ports of the second route combiner respectively implement route allocation to the downstream wavelengths ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, and ⁇ 4, that is, the multiple device-side ports of the second route combiner respectively output wavelengths of ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, and ⁇ 4 Optical signal to ONU1, ONU2, ONU3 and ONU4.
  • OLT1 to OLT4 and ONU1 to ONU4 are optical interfaces corresponding to one wavelength in the WDM system, or one of multiple PON ports in one PON device (or multiple ONUs in one ONU device) One of the ports), a single pair of wavelength optical transceiver optical port, and a multi-channel transceiver optical transceiver multiple optical ports of a transceiver.
  • OLT1 sends a downstream optical signal with a wavelength of ⁇ 1
  • the optical signal with a wavelength of ⁇ 1 sent by OLT1 is sequentially multiplexed through the first route combiner, and then the second route multiplexer is routed to ONU1 (because the light with wavelength ⁇ 1 (The signal is output through the device-side port connected to ONU1);
  • ONU1 When ONU1 sends an upstream optical signal with a wavelength of ⁇ 1', the optical signal with a wavelength of ⁇ 1' sent by ONU1 is sequentially combined by the second route combiner, and the first route combiner is transmitted to OLT1 after routing. ONU1 establishes a connection relationship.
  • the optical signal with a wavelength of ⁇ 2 sent by OLT1 is sequentially combined by the first route multiplexer.
  • the second route combiner is routed and transmitted to ONU2; the optical signal of wavelength ⁇ 1' sent by ONU2 is sequentially combined by the second route combiner, and the first route combiner is routed and transmitted to OLT1, whereby OLT1 and ONU2 Establish a connection.
  • any OLT and any ONU can establish a connection relationship.
  • OLT4 sends a downstream optical signal with a wavelength of ⁇ 1 (that is, the receiving wavelength of the device-side port connected to ONU1), and ONU1 sends a wavelength of ⁇ 4' (that is, When the upstream optical signal of the device-side port connected to OLT4 is connected, OLT4 and ONU1 establish a connection relationship;
  • OLT3 sends a downstream optical signal with a wavelength of ⁇ 2 (that is, the receiving wavelength of the device-side port connected to ONU2), and ONU2 sends a wavelength of ⁇ 3 '(That is, the receiving wavelength of the device-side port connected to OLT3), OLT3 and ONU2 establish a connection relationship, etc.
  • this embodiment can realize flexible connection between different OLTs and ONUs and N+1 port redundancy backup.
  • both the OLT and the ONU side optical module can use a wide-spectrum receiver, and an adjustable receiver with an adjustable filtering function is not required.
  • the first route combiner and the second route combiner may have multiple implementation solutions, and the types of the first route combiner and the second route combiner may be different, but one of them must be satisfied.
  • the routing multiplexer has a routing function for multiple wavelength signals input to the network side port after being combined by another routing multiplexer, and vice versa.
  • the network system can be used to implement OLT N+1 port redundancy backup, as shown in FIG. 21a, the network system includes OLT1, OLT2, OLT3 and OLT4, detection module 211, control module 212 and ONU1, ONU2 and ONU3, Among them, OLT4 serves as a redundant backup port of OLT1 to OLT3.
  • the backup OLT is enabled, as shown in Figure 21b, including:
  • step 2101 the detection module 211 detects a Lost of Synchronization (LOS) alarm or an abnormal service alarm, and notifies the control module 212.
  • LOS Synchronization
  • step 2102 the control module 212 closes the OLT port corresponding to the failed optical path (referred to as the failed OLT port), activates the standby OLT port, and notifies the standby OLT port of the wavelength configuration of the failed OLT port.
  • OLT3 is turned off, OLT4 is enabled, and the wavelength configuration of the port of OLT3 is notified to OLT4 (that is, the transmission wavelength ⁇ 3 of OLT3, that is, the corresponding wavelength of the route combiner port connected to the ONU3 at the opposite end of the failed optical path) .
  • Step 2103 the wavelength of the standby OLT port selects the wavelength used by the faulty OLT port, and sends an optical signal to the ONU corresponding to the faulty optical path, carrying wavelength indication information, that is, the routing wavelength information corresponding to the route combiner port connected to the backup OLT port .
  • OLT4 configures the transmission wavelength of OLT4 as ⁇ 3, and sends an optical signal to the opposite ONU3 of the faulty optical path, which carries the routing wavelength information (ie, ⁇ 4') corresponding to the routing multiplexer port to which OLT4 is connected.
  • Step 2104 The ONU corresponding to the faulty optical path receives the optical signal and the routing wavelength information sent by the backup OLT port, changes the emission wavelength to the routing wavelength, and the backup OLT port establishes a connection with the ONU.
  • ONU3 changes the emission wavelength of ONU3 to ⁇ 4', and OLT4 establishes a connection with ONU3.
  • the above backup may also be performed between multiple ports of the same OLT.
  • an OLT includes multiple ports (one of which serves as a backup port). When the OLT has a port failure, the backup port is used to replace the failed port.
  • the network system may be used to implement ONU N+1 port redundancy backup.
  • One ONU has multiple optical module interfaces, and one optical module interface serves as a backup for other optical module interfaces, as shown in FIG. 22a
  • the network system includes OLT1, OLT2, OLT3, detection module 221, control module 222 and ONU
  • the ONU includes four ports port1-port4, ONU port4 as a redundant backup port of ONU port1-port3, when OLT1-OLT3
  • the backup ONU port is enabled, as shown in Figure 22b, including:
  • step 2201 the detection module 221 detects an optical LOS alarm or an abnormal service alarm, and notifies the control module 222.
  • step 2202 the control module 222 closes the ONU port corresponding to the failed optical path (referred to as the failed ONU port) and activates the standby ONU port, and notifies the standby ONU port of the wavelength configuration of the failed ONU port.
  • the ONU port3 is turned off, the ONU port4 is enabled, and the wavelength of the ONU port3 is configured ( ⁇ 3' in this embodiment, that is, the route corresponding to the route combiner port connected to the OLT3 at the opposite end of the faulty optical path Wavelength)) Notify ONU port4.
  • Step 2203 the emission wavelength of the standby ONU port selects the wavelength used by the faulty ONU port, and sends an optical signal to the OLT corresponding to the faulty optical path, carrying wavelength indication information, that is, the routing wavelength corresponding to the route combiner port connected to the standby ONU port information.
  • ONU port 4 configures the transmission wavelength as ⁇ 3' and sends an optical signal to OLT3, which carries the routing wavelength information (ie, ⁇ 4) corresponding to the routing combiner port connected to the ONU port.
  • Step 2204 the OLT corresponding to the faulty optical path receives the optical signal and the routing wavelength information sent by the standby ONU port, changes the emission wavelength to the routing wavelength, and the standby ONU port establishes a connection with the OLT.
  • OLT3 After OLT3 receives the optical signal and changes the emission wavelength of OLT3 to ⁇ 4, OLT3 establishes a connection with ONU port4.
  • the backup ONU is enabled, which is similar to the foregoing embodiment and will not be described in detail.
  • a network system in another embodiment, includes one or more OLTs, one or more ONUs, each OLT includes one or more optical modules, and each ONU includes one or more optical modules.
  • One or more optical modules on the OLT side are used as backups, and one or more optical modules on the ONU side are used as backups. After an optical path is established between the optical module on the OLT side and the optical module on the ONU side, when one optical path fails, backup is enabled Optical module.
  • the first route combiner and the second route combiner respectively include two network-side ports, which are connected by two backbone fibers.
  • the ODN network composed of the first route combiner and the second route combiner may be directly connected to the transmission equipment OLT and ONU, and then the OLT and ONU are connected to the service equipment, such as BBU or DU, RRU or AAU in 4G or 5G fronthaul.
  • Wavelength management is to directly issue commands to the OLT (or OLT PON port) through the network element management unit (Element Management System, EMS).
  • EMS Network element Management System
  • the OLT selects a transmission wavelength that corresponds to an ONU, and the OLT notifies the ONU through the downstream wavelength channel Select an upstream emission wavelength to make its upstream wavelength path the corresponding OLT (or OLT PON port), so that an upstream and downstream wavelength channel is established between a pair of OLT and ONU.
  • the wavelength management EMS issues a command to OLT1, and specifies that the transmission wavelength of OLT1 is ⁇ 1 (that is, the reception wavelength of the device-side port to which ONU1 to which OLT1 needs to establish a connection).
  • Step 2302 after receiving the instruction, OLT1 sets the emission wavelength of OLT1 to ⁇ 1.
  • the command may not be issued by the EMS, for example, the emission wavelength is directly set on the OLT1.
  • OLT1 sends an optical signal to ONU1 to be connected, carrying wavelength indication information, and the wavelength indication information indicates that the receiving wavelength of the device-side port to which OLT1 is connected is ⁇ 1'.
  • Step 2304 After receiving the optical signal, the ONU1 sets the emission wavelength of the ONU1 to ⁇ 1' according to the wavelength indication information carried in the optical signal.
  • ONU1 may also send an optical signal with a wavelength of ⁇ 1' to OLT1 to confirm the established wavelength connection channel.
  • OLT1 may not be confirmed.
  • the ODN network composed of the first route combiner and the second route combiner may also be directly connected to service equipment (such as DU or BBU and AAU) provided with optical modules Or RRU), the optical module of the service equipment port may receive the wavelength setting instruction from the first route combiner, and adjust the transmission wavelength.
  • the wavelength channel between the DU or BBU and the AAU or RRU is directly established through the first route combiner, using the auxiliary management channel (Auxiliary Management and Control Channel, AMCC) or the third wavelength.
  • the first route combiner may be provided with a wavelength management module.
  • the wavelength management module may also be provided separately from the first route combiner.
  • the optical modules built into the service equipment DU or BBU and AAU or RRU need to have the function of receiving AMCC signals or third wavelength signals (third wavelength refers to wavelengths other than the wavelength of the established transmission optical path) , And also has the function of automatically adjusting the emission wavelength according to the received signal.
  • each optical module can establish a connection with an AAU or RRU.
  • each optical module can establish a connection with an AAU or RRU.
  • only one DU/BBU is shown in FIG. 24a.
  • multiple DUs or BBUs may also be included.
  • Step 2401 The first routing multiplexer sends a first instruction to the DU or BBU through the AMCC signal, carrying first wavelength indication information, and the first wavelength indication information indicates that the emission wavelength of an optical module of the DU or BBU is ⁇ 1.
  • Step 2402 After receiving the first instruction, the DU or BBU sets the emission wavelength of an optical module of the DU or BBU to ⁇ 1 according to the first wavelength indication information carried in the first instruction.
  • Step 2403 The first route combiner sends a second instruction to the AAU or RRU through the AMCC signal, carrying second wavelength indication information, and the second wavelength indication information indicates that the emission wavelength of the AAU or RRU is ⁇ 1'.
  • Step 2404 after receiving the second instruction, the AAU or RRU sets the emission wavelength of the AAU or RRU to ⁇ 1' according to the second wavelength indication information carried in the second instruction.
  • the first route combiner may send instructions to the DU or BBU and AAU or RRU after receiving the wavelength management EMS instruction (such as an instruction to establish a connection between DU or BBU and AAU or RRU).
  • the wavelength management EMS instruction such as an instruction to establish a connection between DU or BBU and AAU or RRU.
  • steps 2403-2404 can also be executed before step 2401.
  • the emission wavelength can also be set in other ways, for example, the emission wavelength is directly set on the DU or BBU, AAU or RRU.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a wavelength division routing method for a WDM system, including:
  • central office units establish connections with multiple terminal units (optical transceivers).
  • the central office unit sets the emission wavelength to the terminal unit to be connected
  • the terminal unit sets the transmitting wavelength to the receiving wavelength of the network-side port to which the central office unit to be connected is connected.
  • An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a wavelength division routing method, which is applied to the network system described in any embodiment, as shown in FIG. 25, including:
  • Step 25010 The central office unit sets the transmission wavelength of the central office unit to the reception wavelength of the device-side port connected to the terminal unit to which the central office unit needs to be connected.
  • Step 25020 The terminal unit sets the transmission wavelength of the terminal unit to the reception wavelength of the device-side port connected to the central office unit to which the terminal unit needs to be connected.
  • the method before the terminal unit sets the transmission wavelength of the terminal unit to the reception wavelength of the device-side port connected to the central office unit to which the terminal unit needs to connect, the method further includes:
  • the central office unit sends an optical signal to the terminal unit to be connected at the set transmission wavelength, the optical signal carries wavelength indication information, and the wavelength indication information indicates the reception of the device-side port connected to the central office unit wavelength;
  • the terminal unit setting the transmission wavelength of the terminal unit to the reception wavelength of the device-side port connected to the central office unit to which the terminal unit needs to connect includes:
  • the terminal unit After receiving the optical signal, the terminal unit sets the emission wavelength of the terminal unit according to the wavelength indication information carried in the optical signal.
  • the central office unit setting the transmission wavelength of the central office unit to the reception wavelength of the device-side port connected to the terminal unit to which the central office unit needs to connect includes:
  • the central office unit receives the first instruction of the first routing multiplexer, and sets the transmission wavelength of the central office unit to be required by the central office unit according to the first wavelength indication information carried in the first instruction The receiving wavelength of the device-side port to which the connected terminal unit is connected;
  • the terminal unit setting the transmission wavelength of the terminal unit to the reception wavelength of the device-side port connected to the central office unit to which the terminal unit needs to connect includes:
  • the terminal unit receives the second instruction of the first routing multiplexer, and sets the transmission wavelength of the terminal unit to the office that the terminal unit needs to connect according to the second wavelength indication information carried in the second instruction The receiving wavelength of the device-side port to which the end unit is connected.
  • All or some of the steps, systems, and functional modules or units in the apparatus disclosed in the above method may be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, and appropriate combinations thereof.
  • the division between the functional modules or units mentioned in the above description does not necessarily correspond to the division of physical components; for example, one physical component may have multiple functions, or one function or step may be composed of one or Multiple physical components are executed in cooperation.
  • Some or all components may be implemented as software executed by a processor, such as a digital signal processor or microprocessor, or as hardware, or as an integrated circuit, such as an application specific integrated circuit.
  • Such software may be distributed on computer-readable media, which may include computer storage media (or non-transitory media) and communication media (or transitory media).
  • Computer storage media includes volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable implemented in any method or technology for storing information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data medium.
  • Computer storage media include random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM), electrically erasable read-only memory (Electrically, Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory, EEPROM), flash memory or other memory Technology, portable compact disk read-only memory (Compact Disc Read Only Memory, CD-ROM), digital versatile disk (Digital Video Disk, DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic box, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage device, or Any other medium that can be used to store desired information and can be accessed by a computer.
  • Communication media typically contains computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transmission mechanism, and may include any information delivery media.

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  • Optical Communication System (AREA)

Abstract

本申请公开了一种路由合波器、路由合波方法、波分路由方法及网络系统。所述路由合波器用于波分复用系统，所述路由合波器包括网络侧端口和多个设备侧端口，所述路由合波器设置为，将输入到所述多个设备侧端口的多路光信号进行合波并从所述网络侧端口输出，以及，将输入到所述网络侧端口的光信号进行波长路由为每路只包含一个波长的多路光信号，将每路光信号通过所述多个设备侧端口的其中一个输出。

Description

路由合波器、路由合波方法、波分路由方法及网络系统
本申请要求在2018年12月20日提交中国专利局、申请号为201811591169.3的中国专利申请的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本公开实施例涉及一种路由合波器、路由合波方法、波分路由方法及网络系统。
背景技术
随着有线和无线通信技术的发展，无源波分复用技术被广泛地用于固网光纤接入(Fiber To The X，FTTX)接入领域和第四代(4th Generation，4G)&第5代(5 th Generation，5G)的前传领域，然而限于已有无源光器件和光网络系统的特性限制，网络终端侧设备与网络局端侧设备之间不能灵活建立波长通道，从而给上层业务的冗余保护、负荷分担以及局端系统池化带来困难。
在一实施例中，如图1所示，波分复用-无源光网络(Wavelength Division Multiplexing-Passive Optical Network，WDM-PON)一般采用阵列波导光栅(Arrayed Waveguide Grating，AWG)组网，尽管光线路终端(Optical Line Terminal，OLT)和光网络单元(Optical Network Unit，ONU)采用波长可调光模块(发射波长可调，宽谱接收)，但AWG的设备侧端口只能接入特定的波长，AWG的一个设备侧端口所连的OLT或ONU的可调光模块只有调到发射特定波长时，光信号才能接入。因此，WDM-PON中，只有两端一对固定端口所连的OLT和ONU才能建立波长连接通道，使用不便。类似的，在无源WDM无线前传系统中，彩光或波长可调光模块采用无源WDM器件复用或解复用多个波长至主干光纤，有效节省前传光纤资源。无源WDM系统中同样存在设备侧两端无源WDM器件端口连接关系固定，室内基带处理单元(Building Baseband Unit，BBU)或分布单元(Distribute Unit，DU)侧光模块和远端射频单元(Remote Radio Unit，RRU)或有源天线单元(Active Antenna Unit，AAU)侧光模块按固定的连接关系连接才能建立波长连接通道，存在部署和运维不便的问题。
发明内容
本公开至少一实施例提供了一种路由合波器、路由合波方法、波分路由方法及网络系统，实现局端和终端的灵活连接。
本公开至少一实施例提供一种路由合波器，用于波分复用系统，所述路由合波器包括网络侧端口和多个设备侧端口，
所述路由合波器设置为将输入到所述多个设备侧端口的多路光信号进行合波并从所述网络侧端口输出，其中，输入到每一个设备侧端口的每一路光信号是所述多路光信号中的任意一个或多个波长光信号；以及，
所述路由合波器设置为将输入到所述网络侧端口的光信号进行波长路由为每路只包含一个波长的多路光信号，将每路光信号通过所述多个设备侧端口的其中一个输出。
本公开至少一实施例提供一种网络系统，包括如任一实施例所述的第一路由合波器，以及，如任一实施例所述的第二路由合波器，其中：所述第一路由合波器的网络侧端口连接所述第二路由合波器的网络侧端口。
本公开一实施例提供一种网络系统，包括如任一实施例所述的第一路由合波器，如任一实施例所述的第二路由合波器，以及，光放大模块，其中：所述第一路由合波器的网络侧端口连接所述光放大模块的一端，所述光放大模块的另一端连接所述第二路由合波器的网络侧端口，所述光放大模块设置为将来自所述第一路由合波器的光信号放大后输入至所述第二路由合波器，以及，将来自所述第一路由合波器的光信号放大后输入至所述第二路由合波器。
本公开至少一实施例提供一种路由合波方法，包括：
将输入到路由合波器的设备侧端口的多路光信号进行合波并从所述路由合波器的网络侧端口输出；
以及，将输入到所述网络侧端口的光信号进行路由为每路只包含一个波长的光信号的多路光信号，将该多路光信号分别通过所述设备侧端口输出。
本公开至少一实施例提供一种波分路由方法，应用于任一实施例所述的网络系统，包括：
所述局端单元设置所述局端单元的发射波长为所述局端单元所需连接的终端单元所连接的设备侧端口的接收波长；
所述终端单元设置所述终端单元的发射波长为所述终端单元所需连接的局端单元所连接的设备侧端口的接收波长。
附图说明
图1为相关技术中WDM-PON组网图；
图2为相关技术中冗余备份、负荷分担和系统端池化场景示意图；
图3为本公开一实施例提供的路由合波器框图；
图4为图3所示路由合波器合波示意图；
图5为图3所示路由合波器分波示意图；
图6为本公开一实施例提供的一种路由合波器实现方式的示意图；
图7为图6所示路由合波器波长路由工作原理示意图；
图8为图6所示路由合波器合波工作原理示意图；
图9为本公开一实施例提供的另一种路由合波器实现方式的示意图；
图10为图9所示路由合波器波长路由工作原理示意图；
图11为图9所示路由合波器合波工作原理示意图；
图12为本公开一实施例提供的另一种路由合波器实现方式的示意图；
图13为图12所示路由合波器波长路由工作原理示意图；
图14为图12所示路由合波器合波工作原理示意图；
图15为波长选择合路分路器的一种实现方式示意图；
图16为波长选择合路/分路器的输出光谱示意图；
图17a为1:8分光网络中，第1，2，3级波长选择合路/分路器的端口3输出光谱示意图；
图17b为1:8分光网络中，第1，2，3级波长选择合路/分路器的端口4输出光谱示意图；
图18为本公开一实施例提供的路由合波方法流程图；
图19a～图19e为本公开实施例提供的网络系统示意图；
图20为本公开一实施例提供的波分复用(Wavelength Division Multiplexing，WDM)网络示意图；
图21a为本公开一实施例提供的冗余备份系统示意图；
图21b为图21a所示系统冗余备份方法流程图；
图22a为本公开另一实施例提供的冗余备份系统示意图；
图22b为图22a所示系统冗余备份方法流程图；
图23a为本公开一实施例提供的光分配网络(Optical Distribution Network，ODN)网络直接连接OLT或ONU的示意图；
图23b为图23a所示网络的波分路由方法流程图；
图24a为本公开一实施例提供的ODN网络直接连接业务设备的示意图；
图24b为图24a所示网络的波分路由方法流程图；
图25为本公开一实施例提供的波分路由方法流程图。
具体实施方式
下文中将结合附图对本公开的实施例进行说明。在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互任意组合。
在附图的流程图示出的步骤可以在诸如一组计算机可执行指令的计算机系统中执行。并且，虽然在流程图中示出了逻辑顺序，但是在一些情况下，可以以不同于此处的顺序执行所示出或描述的步骤。
如图2所示，在冗余备份、负荷分担和系统端池化场景中，OLT端采用N+1冗余，开始时，OLT和ONU配对通信，一个OLT空闲，当一个工作OLT负载超重或出现故障时，需要把一个ONU重新连接到空闲OLT。即要求通过OLT与ONU的波长重新配置，ODN可以建立任意OLT与任意ONU之间的波长连接通道。但相关技术中的WDM-PON系统显然不能提供这种能力。
本公开一实施例提供一种光装置(以下称路由合波器)，用于WDM系统，对于WDM系统的多个上行光信号和多个下行光信号，所述路由合波器具备单个方向光信号合波和单个方向光信号波长路由功能，例如对多个下行光信号合波，多个上行光信号波长路由；或，对多个上行光信号合波，多个下行光信号波长路由。将该路由合波器一侧称为设备侧，一侧称为网络侧，设备侧具备多个光口(称为设备侧端口)，通过单纤连接多个设备，网络侧具备一个或多个光口(称为网络侧端口)，连接主干光纤。在一实施例中，从设备侧到网络侧的方向，路由合波器可以把来自设备侧的多路分支光纤光信号进行合波并从网络侧主干光纤输出，其中每路分支光纤光信号都可以包括多个WDM波长光信号中的至少一个波长光信号；从网络侧到设备侧方向，路由合波器把来自主干光纤的多个WDM波长的混合光信号进行波长路由，分别从不同的设备侧端口 输出到分支光纤，其中每路分支光纤只分配到多个波长光信号中的一个波长光信号(即每个设备侧端口输出一个波长信号)。对于WDM PON系统中，位于OLT侧的路由合波器，从设备侧向网络侧传输的光信号为下行光信号，从网络侧向设备侧传输的光信号为上行光信号；位于ONU侧的路由合波器，从设备侧向网络侧传输的光信号为上行光信号，从网络侧向设备侧传输的光信号为下行光信号。
上述多个波长光信号为路由合波器的一个复用周期内的多个波长光信号。当主干光纤包括路由合波器的N个复用周期内的多个波长信号时，从网络侧到设备侧方向，每路分支光纤能分配到N个不同复用周期内的对应的波长的光信号，从而使得不同的复用周期内，输出的光信号的波长可能不同。从设备侧到网络侧的方向，路由合波器可以把来自设备侧的多路分支光纤光信号进行合波并从网络侧主干光纤输出，其中每路分支光纤光信号都可以包括路由合波器的N个复用周期内的多个波长光信号中的至少一个波长光信号。
如图3所示，该路由合波器包括网络侧端口31和多个设备侧端口32，所述路由合波器设置为将输入到所述多个设备侧端口32的多路WDM光信号进行合波并从所述网络侧端口31输出，其中，输入到每一个设备侧端口32的每一路光信号是所述多路光信号中的任意一个或多个波长光信号；以及，将输入到所述网络侧端口31的WDM光信号进行波长路由为每路只包含一个波长的光信号的多路光信号，将每路光信号通过所述多个设备侧端口32的其中一个输出。其中，从多个设备侧端口32输入的多路WDM光信号，任意改变波长与设备侧端口32的对应关系，以及改变输入任意设备侧端口32的波长数量，不改变路由合波器的合波能力，即都能从所述网络侧端口31输出。其中，所述网络侧端口31包含一个或多个，当存在多个网络侧端口31时，所述多个网络侧端口31彼此互为备份。
在一实施例中，对于WDM系统中波长为λ1，λ2，…，λn的下行WDM光信号，波长为λ1’，λ2’，…，λn’的上行WDM光信号。如图4所示，路由合波器包括n个设备侧端口，1个网络侧端口，n路下行光信号分别输入该n个设备侧端口，每路光信号包含λ1，λ2，…，λn中任意一个或多个波长的光信号，路由合波器将该n路下行光信号进行合波为包含λ1，λ2，…，λn多个波长的混合光信号，并将合波后的混合光信号从所述网络侧端口31输出；该路由合波器可应用在局端侧(OLT，BBU或DU)。
如图5所示，路由合波器的网络侧端口接收到包含n个波长λ1’，λ2’，…，λn’的上行混合光信号后，将上行混合光信号进行波长路由为n路光信号，每路光信号的波长分别为λ1’、λ2’、…，λn’，该n路光信号分别从固定的n个设备 侧端口输出。该路由器可应用在终端侧(ONU，RRU或AAU)。
相比相关技术中的AWG的设备侧端口只能接入特定的波长，本实施例提供的路由合波器，具备单个方向光信号合波和单个方向光信号波长路由功能，对多个下行光信号合波，多个上行光信号波长路由，并且设备侧端口接入波长不限，因此，OLT(BBU)或ONU(RRU)端口可调光模块接入时，可以调整OLT(BBU)或ONU(RRU)端口的发射波长为对端的接收波长，从而使得任意的OLT(BBU)和ONU(RRU)端口能建立连接，为冗余备份的实现提供支持。而由于对端路由合波器的波长路由功能，对端端口光模块收到唯一波长的WDM光信号，可以采用宽谱接收机，不需要可调接收机。
与相关技术相比，本公开至少一实施例中，提供一种路由合波器，所述路由合波器将输入到所述设备侧端口的多路WDM光信号进行合波并从所述网络侧端口输出；以及，将输入到所述网络侧端口的多个不同波长WDM光信号进行分波为每路只包含一个波长的光信号的多路光信号，将每路光信号通过一个所述设备侧端口输出，本实施例提供的方案，实现了单向合波和单向波长路由。
在一实施例中，将每路波分复用光信号通过一个所述设备侧端口输出，包括：将每路波分复用光信号通过与该路波分复用光信号的波长对应的固定的设备侧端口输出。
下面以实施例说明路由合波器。
如图6所示，本实施例提供一种路由合波器，用于WDM系统，包括与网络侧端口相连的分离器601、与设备侧端口相连的分离器602、还包括合路器603和分波器604。所述分离器601与所述网络侧端口一一对应，所述分离器602与设备侧接口一一对应，即路由合波器的每个端口设置一个分离器，设置为实现对应端口上、下行WDM光信号的合分波，分离器601设置为实现对合波后的多个WDM光信号以及路由前的多个WDM光信号的合分波，分离器601，分离器602可以采用常见的合分波器件(如薄膜滤波片，光纤布拉格光栅，多模干涉耦合器，方向耦合器等至少之一)、环路器件至少之一制成。合路器603包括多个输入端口(输入端口数目与设备侧端口数目一致)和一个输出端口，作用是把多路从任意输入端口输入的任意波长WDM光信号耦合在一起从合路器输出端口输出，可以采用常见的具备波长无关特性的功分器(如熔融光纤分光器，平面波导分光器Splitter，星型耦合器等至少之一)实现。分波器604包括一个输入端口和多个输出端口，作用是把来自输入端口的多个波长的混合WDM光信号按波长路由，不同波长光信号从不同的输出端口输出，可以采用常见的多端口波分复用器件(如多通道薄膜滤波器，阵列波导光栅，刻蚀衍射光栅，级联微环谐振器，级联马赫-曾德干涉器等至少之一)实现。所述合路器603的 多个输入端口分别连接至与所述设备侧端口相连的分离器602，所述合路器603的输出端口连接至与所述网络侧端口相连的分离器601，所述分波器604的输入端口连接至与网络侧端口相连的分离器601，所述分波器604的多个输出端口分别连接至与所述设备侧端口相连的分离器602，其中：
所述与网络侧端口相连的分离器601设置为，将来自所述网络侧端口的WDM光信号导向所述分波器604，以及，将来自所述合路器603的合波后的混合WDM光信号导向至所述网络侧端口输出；
所述与设备侧端口相连的分离器602设置为，将来自所述分波器604的WDM光信号导向至所述设备侧端口输出，以及，将来自所述设备侧端口的WDM光信号导向所述合路器603；
所述合路器603设置为，将从所述合路器603的输入端口输入的WDM光信号耦合在一起从所述合路器603的输出端口输出至所述与所述网络侧端口相连的分离器601；
所述分波器604设置为，将输入所述分波器604的输入端口的多个波长的混合WDM光信号按波长路由，分别从所述分波器604的输出端口输出至与所述设备侧端口相连的分离器602。
在一实施例中，图6中仅示出了2个与设备侧端口相连的分离器，当设备侧端口有n个时，相应的与设备侧端口相连的分离器有n个。
图6所示的路由合波器的波长路由工作原理如图7所示，本实施例中，假设路由合波器的设备侧端口有两个，相应的，与设备侧端口相连的分离器有两个。来自网络侧主干光纤的包含波长λ1和波长λ2的混合光信号，经过分离器601进行信号分离，把分离后的光信号导向分波器604，分波器604进行波长路由，把不同波长的光信号导向与不同的设备侧端口相连的分离器602上，分离器602把光信号导向所连接的分支光纤进行输出。这样就成功实现了网络侧到设备侧的波长路由功能。
图6所示的路由合波器的合波工作原理如图8所示，本实施例中，假设路由合波器的设备侧端口有两个，相应的，与设备侧端口相连的分离器有两个。来自设备侧分支光纤的波长分别为λ3和λ4的两路光信号，经过各自的设备侧端口的分离器602导引至合路器603，合路器603把两路光信号进行合波输出至网络侧端口的分离器601，网络侧端口的分离器601透传合波后的光信号(该光信号中包含波长为λ3和λ4的光信号)从主干光纤输出，从而完成设备侧到网络侧的合波功能。
图8中，来自分支光纤的两个波长分别为λ3和λ4光信号若互换分支光纤 输入端口输入，或者同时从两个分支光纤的任意端口输入，合路器都能实现分支光纤输入光信号的合路功能。即合路器的合路功能与分支光纤输入光信号的波长值无关。
本实施例中，路由合波器可由上述单个光器件通过空间光耦合封装成一个模块，也可以采用光子集成技术集成在一个光芯片上。
本实施例中，λ1，λ2，λ3，λ4仅为本实施功能的说明示例，应用中，光分配网络可包含2组及以上的双向波长，例如合路器和分波器为1:32分光比时，可支持64个(32组)波长双向分配。
本实施例中，当分波器为周期性波分复用器件，如阵列波导光栅或者刻蚀衍射光栅，级联微环谐振器等器件时，图7中，网络侧主干光纤至设备侧分支光纤波长路由时，若主干光纤输入包括多个分波器复用周期内的多个波长信号，如波长λ1，λ2和λ5，λ6两个复用周期内的光信号，其中λ1至λ5波长范围为分波器的一个复用周期(λ2至λ6波长范围与λ1至λ5相等)，则设备侧分支光纤可分别输出λ1和λ5，λ2和λ6。
如图9所示，为本公开另一实施例提供的路由合波器，该路由合波器包括合路分路器901和多个滤波器902。其中，合路分路器901包括第一端口和至少一个第二端口，所述滤波器902包括第三端口和第四端口，所述滤波器902与所述设备侧端口、所述第二端口一一对应，即每个设备侧端口对应一个滤波器902，每个第二端口对应一个滤波器902，其中，所述滤波器的个数与所述设备侧端口的个数相等、所述第二端口的个数与所述设备侧端口的个数相等，所述合路分路器901的第一端口连接所述网络侧端口，所述合路分路器901的第二端口连接对应的所述滤波器902的第三端口，所述滤波器902的第四端口连接至对应的设备侧端口，其中，
所述合路分路器901设置为，将来自所述滤波器902的多路WDM光信号进行合波输出到网络侧端口，以及，将来自所述网络侧端口的多个波长的混合WDM光信号分路至所有滤波器902；从而结合滤波器902的滤波功能实现将多路从任意分支光纤输入的任意波长光信号耦合在一起从网络侧端口输出至主干光纤，以及，把网络侧从主干光纤输入的多个波长的混合光信号分路至设备侧对应的分支光纤端口输出。
其中，所述合路分路器901可以采用常见的具备波长无关特性的功分器(如熔融光纤分光器，平面波导分光器Splitter等至少之一)实现。
所述滤波器902设置为，将来自所述合路分路器901的多个波长的混合WDM光信号提取出与该滤波器连接的设备侧端口对应的波长的光信号，通过所 述设备侧端口输出；以及，将来自所述设备侧端口的光信号透射输入到所述合路分路器901。对于WDM系统中，波长为λ1，λ2，…，λn的下行WDM光信号，波长为λ1’，λ2’，…，λn’的上行WDM光信号，当路由合波器网络侧至设备侧传输方向为下行方向，设备侧至网络侧传输方向为上行方向，即路由合波器位于终端侧(ONU，RRU或AAU)，所述滤波器902具备以下滤波特征，设备侧端口连接的滤波器902对于该端口对应的路由波长λx(λ1，λ2，…，λn之一，x取值与端口相关)透传，合波波长λ1’，λ2’，…，λn’任意之一透传，非该端口对应的路由波长(λ1，λ2，…，λn中除λx以外的波长)反射后截止。
所述滤波器902可由波分复用器件实现(如光纤布拉格光栅，微环谐振器，多模干涉耦合器等至少之一)。
图9所示的路由合波器的波长路由工作原理如图10所示。本实施例中，假设设备侧端口为2个，相应的滤波器为2个，第一滤波器和第二滤波器。来自网络侧主干光纤的包含波长λ1和λ2的混合光信号，由合路分路器901将信号分成两路，每路均为包含波长λ1和λ2的混合光信号，分别输入到第一滤波器和第二滤波器，第一滤波器透射波长为λ1的光信号，第二滤波器透射波长为λ2的光信号，设备侧两路分支光纤分别输出波长为λ1和波长为λ2的光信号。这样就成功实现了网络侧到设备侧的波长路由功能。
图9所示的路由合波器的合波功能工作原理如图11所示。来自设备侧分支光纤的波长分别为λ3和λ4的两路光信号，波长为λ3的光信号经过第一滤波器透射到合路分路器901，波长为λ4的光信号经过第二滤波器透射到合路分路器901，合路分路器901把两路光信号进行合波得到包含波长λ3和λ4的混合光信号，输出至网络侧端口，从而完成设备侧到网络侧的合波功能。图11中，来自分支光纤的两个波长分别为λ3和λ4光信号若互换分支光纤输入端口输入，或者同时从两个分支光纤的任意端口输入，合路分路器901都能实现分支光纤输入光信号的合路功能。即合路分路器901的合路功能与分支光纤输入光信号的波长值无关。且第一滤波器和第二滤波器对设备侧至网络侧传输的波长为λ3和λ4的光信号都透射。
本实施例中，路由合波器可由上述单个光器件通过空间光耦合封装成一个模块，也可以采用光子集成技术集成在一个光芯片上。
本实施例中，λ1，λ2，λ3，λ4仅为本实施功能的说明示例，应用中，光分配网络可包含2组及以上的双向波长，例如合路分路器为1:32分光比时，可支持64个(32组)波长双向分配。
本实施例中，当滤波器为周期性波长选择器件，如微环谐振器等器件时，图10中，网络侧主干光纤至设备侧分支光纤波长路由时，若主干光纤输入包括 多个波长选择周期内的多个波长信号，如波长λ1，λ2和λ5，λ6两个波长选择周期内的光信号，其中第一滤波器对波长为λ1和λ5的光信号皆透射，其中第二滤波器对波长为λ2和λ6的光信号皆透射，则设备侧分支光纤可分别输出λ1和λ5，λ2和λ6。
图12为路由合波器的另一种实施方式的示意图。如图12所示，路由合波器包括从网络侧端口至设备侧端口的第1至第N级波长选择合路分路器，每级波长选择合路分路器包括至少一个波长选择合路分路器。每个波长选择合路分路器包括一个第五端口和M(M>1)个第六端口(图12中M＝2，M取值不限于2，可以为其他值，比如，3，4等等。)，其中，第i级的波长选择合路分路器的第六端口的总数为第i+1级的波长选择合路分路器的数目，第i级的每个波长选择合路分路器的每个第六端口分别连接一个第i+1级的波长选择合路分路器的第五端口，i＝1,…N-1，所述N>1，即第i级的波长选择合路分路器的第六端口与第i+1级的波长选择合路分路器一一对应，第N级的波长选择合路分路器的每个第六端口连接一个所述设备侧端口，第1级的波长选择合路分路器的第五端口连接所述网络侧端口，其中：
所述波长选择合路分路器设置为，将输入到该波长选择合路分路器的第六端口的所有光信号耦合在一起从该波长选择合路分路器的第五端口输出，以及，将输入到该波长选择合路分路器的第五端口的多个波长的混合光信号分成M组，分别通过该波长选择合路分路器的M个第六端口输出。
在一实施例中，第1级的波长选择合路分路器将输入到该波长选择合路分路器的第五端口的多个波长的混合光信号分为M组，分别通过该波长选择合路分路器输入到第2级的M个波长选择合路分路器(一组光信号输入到一个第二级的波长选择合路分路器)，第2级的每个波长选择合路分路器将输入到该波长选择合路分路器的第五端口的多个波长的混合光信号分为M组，分别输入到M个第3级的波长选择合路分路器，依次类推，第N级的每个波长选择合路器将输入到该波长选择合路分路器的第五端口的多个波长的混合光信号分为M组，通过相应的设备侧端口输出。
以M＝2为例，第1级包含1个波长选择合路分路器，第2级包含2个波长选择合路分路器，第3级包含4个波长选择合路分路器，第i级包含2 i-1个波长选择合路分路器，依次类推，第N级包含2 N-1个波长选择合路分路器。
所述波长选择合路分路器通过以下至少之一实现：方向耦合器，马赫曾德干涉仪，标准具等，即可以通过方向耦合器、马赫曾德干涉仪，标准具之一或其组合实现波长选择合路分路器，多个波长选择合路分路器可以相同也可以不同。当分光比为1：2 N时，共需级联N组波长选择合路分路器，第N级波长选 择合路分路器组包含2 N-1个波长选择合路分路器。
在一实施例中，所述将输入到该波长选择合路分路器的第五端口的多个波长的混合光信号分成M组包括：将输入到该波长选择合路分路器的第五端口的多个等间隔波长且间隔为第一间隔的光信号分成光信号数目相同的第一组和第二组，且第一组包括多个等间隔波长且间隔为第二间隔的光信号，第二组包括多个等间隔波长且间隔为第二间隔的光信号，所述第二间隔为第一间隔的两倍。
在一实施例中，在其他实施例中，多级波长选择合路分路器可以不同，比如，具有不同数目的第六端口，等等。
下面以分光比为1:4，包含两级波长选择合路分路器，且每个波长选择合路分路器包括两个第六端口的路由合波器为例进行说明。其中，第1级波长选择合路分路器包括第一波长选择合路分路器，第2级波长选择合路分路器包括第二波长选择合路分路器和第三波长选择合路分路器。
波长路由工作原理如图13所示。来自网络侧主干光纤的波长为λ1，λ2，λ3和λ4的混合光信号，经过第一波长选择合路分路器将信号分成两路，一路包含波长为λ1和λ3的光信号，另一路包含波长为λ2和λ4的光信号，波长为λ1和λ3的光信号输入到第二波长选择合路分路器，第二波长选择合路分路器将信号分成两路波长分别为λ1和λ3的光信号，设备侧两路分支光纤分别输出波长为λ1和λ3的光信号，波长为λ2和λ4的光信号输入到第三波长选择合路分路器，第三波长选择合路分路器将信号分成两路波长分别为λ2和λ4的光信号，设备侧两路分支光纤分别输出波长为λ2和λ4的光信号，这样就成功实现了网络侧到设备侧的波长路由功能。
合波功能工作原理如图14所示。来自设备侧分支光纤的波长为λ5的光信号和波长为λ6的光信号经过第二波长选择合路分路器合路后输入至第一波长选择合路分路器，来自设备侧分支光纤的波长分别为λ7和λ8的光信号经过第三波长选择合路分路器合路后输入至第一波长选择合路分路器，第一波长选择合路分路器把上述4个波长信号进行合波输出至网络侧端口，从而完成设备侧到网络侧的合波功能。图14中，来自设备侧分支光纤的4个波长λ5，λ6，λ7和λ8光信号若互换分支光纤输入端口输入，或者同时从4个分支光纤的任意端口输入，路由合波器都能实现分支光纤输入光信号的合路功能。即路由合波器的合路功能与分支光纤输入光信号的波长值无关。
实现上述波长路由和合波功能，路由合波器中波长选择合路分路器满足如下要求：对于分光比为1：2N的路由合波器，由N级波长选择合路分路器级联组成，第N级波长选择合路分路器组包含2 N-1个波长选择合路分路器，实现波长路由功能时，每个波长选择合路分路器将输入的多个等间隔波长，以最小或 最大波长值的波长为起始标识为波长1，对排序后的波长进行标识，根据波长标识分为奇数波长(标识为奇数)组和偶数波长(标识为偶数)组两组，其中奇数波长组以最低损耗值从波长选择合路分路器的一个端口输出，偶数波长组以最低损耗值从波长选择合路分路器的另一端口输出；实现合波功能时，对于从设备侧输入的一组波长，每个波长选择合路分路器的对于该组波长中任意波长从设备侧两个端口中任意端口输入，损耗值基本一致(尽量趋于1:1分光比，即3dB)。
波长选择合路分路器的一种实现方式为图15所示的马赫曾德干涉器(即马赫曾德干涉仪)，包括两个耦合系数分别为k 1和k 2的定向耦合器，以及臂长为别为l 1和l 2的干涉臂。其中端口1为波长选择合路分路器的第五端口，端口3和端口4为波长选择合路分路器的第六端口。当光信号仅从端口1输入，且k 1＝k 2＝1/2时，马赫曾德干涉器的端口3和端口4输出光信号光强分别为:
Figure PCTCN2019127108-appb-000001
上式中，A 0为端口1输入信号光幅度，β为光传播常数，
Figure PCTCN2019127108-appb-000002
n e为波长选择合路分路器的波导有效折射率，λ为输入光信号波长。从上式可以得到P3和P4随波长λ变化的光谱特性如图16所示，变化周期相等，趋势相反，P3光功率最大值对应P4光功率最小值。当波长选择合路分路器实现网络侧波长路由功能时，输入的光信号波长选取P3和P4光谱曲线上等间隔的光功率最大的波长值，构成波长选择合路分路器的奇数波长和偶数波长两组波长分别从对应端口输出。当波长选择合路分路器实现网络侧波长合路功能时，设备侧端口输入的光信号波长则选取光谱曲线上P3＝P4对应的波长值。
实现图12所述的路由合波器功能，假设第1级波长选择合路分路器的最小光功率变化周期对应的波长间隔为T 0(如图16所示)，第i级波长选择合路分路器的最小光功率变化周期对应的波长间隔为T i，则T 0和T i需要满足以下关系：
第1级，i＝1，T 1＝k·T 0，其中k为正整数；
第2级，i＝2，
Figure PCTCN2019127108-appb-000003
其中k，m 2为正整数；
第3级，i＝3，
Figure PCTCN2019127108-appb-000004
其中k，m 3为正整数；
第i级，
Figure PCTCN2019127108-appb-000005
其中k，m i为正整数；
......
第N级，i＝N，
Figure PCTCN2019127108-appb-000006
其中k，m i为正整数；
上式中，k,m i可取任意正整数。例如，对于1:8的WDM PON分配网络，N＝3，取k＝3时，T 1＝3T 0；T 2＝6T 0/7，m 2＝3；T 3＝12T 0/15，m 3＝7。可得到如图17a和17b所示的光谱传输特性。
图17a和图17b中实线，虚线和点划线分别为第1级波长选择合路分路器，第2级波长选择合路分路器和第3级波长选择合路分路器的端口3和端口4的输出光谱，每一级波长选择合路分路器之间选取的输入波长间隔2 i-2k·T 0。如图17a和17b所示波长间隔为1.5T 0的8个波长λ 1，λ 2，...和λ 8，经过第1级波长选择合路分路器后，奇数组波长λ 1，λ 3，λ 5和λ 7在端口3传输光谱上损耗最小，从端口3输出；λ 2，λ 4，λ 6和λ 8在端口4传输光谱上损耗最大，从端口4输出。第1级波长选择合路分路器端口3输出的波长间隔为3T 0的λ 1，λ 3，λ 5和λ 7波长，经过第2级波长选择合路分路器后，其端口3输出λ 1和λ 5，端口4输出λ 3和λ 7。第2级波长选择合路分路器端口3输出的波长间隔为6T 0的λ 1和λ 5，经过第3级波长选择合路分路器后，其端口3输出λ 1，端口4输出λ 5。同理，其他波长的路由路径为：第1级波长选择合路分路器端口4输出的波长间隔为3T 0的λ 2，λ 4，λ 6和λ 8波长，经过第2级波长选择合路分路器后，其端口3输出λ 4和λ 8，端口4输出λ 2和λ 6；第2级波长选择合路分路器端口3输出的波长间隔为6T 0的λ 4和λ 8，经过第3级波长选择合路分路器后，其端口3输出λ 4，端口4输出λ 8；第2级波长选择合路分路器端口4输出的波长间隔为6T 0的λ 2和λ 6，经过第3级波长选择合路分路器后，其端口3输出λ 6，端口4输出λ 2。
上述路由合波器实现设备侧至网络侧的合波功能时，则选取每一级波长选择合路分路器端口3和端口4输出光谱曲线上，分光比都接近于1:1(即P/A 0 2约0.5)的波长点。
在一实施例中，所述路由合波器上还设置有波长管理模块，所述波长管理模块设置为实现以下至少之一：
当第一局端单元需通过所述路由合波器和第一终端单元建立连接时，发送第一指令给所述第一局端单元，所述第一指令中携带第一波长指示信息，所述第一波长指示信息指示所述第一终端单元所连接的设备侧端口的接收波长；
当第一局端单元需通过所述路由合波器和第一终端单元建立连接时，发送第二指令给所述第一终端单元，所述第二指令中携带第二波长指示信息，所述第二波长指示信息指示所述第一局端单元所连接的设备侧端口的接收波长。
在一实施例中，上述实施例中的路由合波器仅为示例，本申请不限于此。
基于本公开实施例提供的路由合波器，本公开一实施例提供一种路由合波方法，用于WDM系统，所述路由合波方法通过调节两端设备侧端口可调光模 块发射波长匹配路由合波器不同端口之间的波长路由关系，实现可灵活配置不同端口之间的波长连接关系。该实施例中，基于所述路由合波器的波长路由功能，可调光模块可采取宽谱接收机，不需要可调接收机，可大幅降低光模块成本和封装尺寸。
如图18所示，本公开一实施例提供一种路由合波方法，用于WDM系统，包括：
步骤18010，将输入到路由合波器的设备侧端口的多路WDM光信号进行合波并从所述路由合波器的网络侧端口输出，其中，所述网络侧端口中任意端口可输入多路WDM光信号中任意波长光信号。
步骤18020，将输入到所述网络侧端口的光信号进行波长路由为每路只包含一个波长的光信号的多路光信号，将该多路光信号分别通过所述设备侧端口输出。
基于本申请提供的路由合波器可实现多级分光的可灵活波分路由ODN网络。
图19a为本公开一实施例提供的WDM网络系统示意图。如图19a所示，包括第一路由合波器(局端侧路由合波器)1901和第二路由合波器(终端侧路由合波器)1902，其中，所述第一路由合波器1901的网络侧端口连接所述第二路由合波器1902的网络侧端口，比如，通过主干光纤连接。所述第一路由合波器1901对WDM系统下行光信号和上行光信号分别实现合波和波长路由功能，所述第二路由合波器1902对WDM系统下行光信号和上行光信号则分别实现波长路由和合波功能。所述第一路由合波器1901和第二路由合波器1902的实现参考以上多个实施例中的路由合波器。
上述网络系统可用于有线光接入和光传输领域，也可用于4G&5G前传领域，可以提高光网络的波长通道配置的灵活性，可以为所承载的业务系统提供冗余保护、负荷分担以及系统池化等功能的支撑。
在一实施例中，第一路由合波器1901和第二路由合波器1902的布放位置与WDM-PON中的AWG一样。
在一实施例中，所述网络系统还包括：局端单元(如图19a中所示的局端单元1～局端单元N)和终端单元(如图19a中所示的终端单元1～终端单元M)，其中，所述第一路由合波器1901的设备侧端口连接所述局端单元，所述第二路由合波器1902的每个设备侧端口连接一终端单元。其中第一路由合波器1901的设备侧端口分别通过局端配纤与局端单元相连，第二路由合波器1902的多个设备侧端口分别通过分支光纤与终端单元相连。第一路由合波器1901和第二路 由合波器1902的网络侧端口与主干光纤相连。其中：
所述局端单元设置为，设置所述局端单元的发射波长为所述局端单元所需连接的终端单元所连接的设备侧端口的接收波长；
所述终端单元设置为，设置所述终端单元的发射波长为所述终端单元所需连接的局端单元所连接的设备侧端口的接收波长。
其中，局端单元比如为局端传输设备(比如OLT)的光模块，终端单元比如为终端传输设备(比如ONU)的光模块，或者，所述局端单元为局端业务设备(比如BBU或DU)的光模块，所述终端单元为终端业务设备(比如RRU或AAU)的光模块。一个OLT或BBU或DU可包括一个或多个局端单元，一个ONU或RRU或AAU可包含一个或多个终端单元。
第一路由合波器1901具备对局端至终端方向(下行方向)多个波长的合波功能，即从第一路由合波器1901设备侧任意端口输入的下行波长中的任意一个波长光信号，都能经过第一路由合波器1901合波至网络侧端口输出；第一路由合波器1901具备对上行方向多个波长的路由功能，即将经过第二路由合波器1902合波至主干光纤的多个上行方向波长光信号按波长不同分别路由至对应的端口输出。
第二路由合波器1902具备对下行方向多个波长的路由功能，即将经过第一路由合波器1901合波至主干光纤的多个下行方向波长光信号按波长不同分别路由至对应的端口输出。第二路由合波器1902还具备对终端至局端方向(上行方向)多个波长的合波功能，即从第二路由合波器1902设备侧任意端口输入上行波长中的任意一个波长光信号，都能经过第二路由合波器1902合波至网络侧端口输出。
在一实施例中，如图19b所示，所述网络系统还包括波长管理模块1903，所述波长管理模块1903设置为实现以下至少之一：
当第一局端单元需和第一终端单元建立连接时，发送第一指令给所述第一局端单元，所述第一指令中携带第一波长指示信息，所述第一波长指示信息指示所述第一终端单元所连接的设备侧端口的接收波长；
当第一局端单元需和第一终端单元建立连接时，发送第二指令给所述第一终端单元，所述第二指令中携带第二波长指示信息，所述第二波长指示信息指示所述第一局端单元所连接的设备侧端口的接收波长。
在一实施例中，如图19c所示，本公开一实施例提供一种网络系统包括第一路由合波器1901、第二路由合波器1902和第一光放大模块1904，所述第一光放大模块1904连接在所述第一路由合波器1901的网络侧端口和第二路由合 波器1902的网络侧端口之间，在一实施例中，所述第一光放大模块1904集成于第一路由合波器内部，其中：所述第一光放大模块1904设置为补偿路由合波器对WDM光信号合波引入的光链路损耗，分别对合波后的下行光信号以及路由前的上行光信号进行放大。所述第一光放大模块1904可以独立设置，也可以设置在第一路由合波器1901上。
在一实施例中，所述光放大模块设置为将来自所述第一路由合波器的光信号放大后输入至所述第二路由合波器，以及，将来自所述第一路由合波器的光信号放大后输入至所述第二路由合波器。
在一实施例中，如图19d所示，本公开一实施例提供一种网络系统，包括第一路由合波器1901和第二路由合波器1902，所述第一路由合波器1901的网络侧端口连接所述第二路由合波器1902的网络侧端口，还包括至少一个第二光放大模块1905，所述第二光放大模块1905分别连接第一路由合波器1901的设备侧端口，所述第二光放大模块1905设置为对多路合波前的下行光信号和路由后的上行光信号进行放大。其中，第二光放大模块1905可以独立设置，也可以设置在局端单元上，也可以设置在第一路由合波器1901上。
在另一实施例中，提供一种网络系统，如图19e所示，除包括上述第一路由合波器1901和第二路由合波器1902外，还包括至少一个第三光放大模块1906，分别连接第二路由合波器1902的设备侧端口，所述第三光放大模块1906设置为对多路合波前的光信号和路由后的光信号进行放大。其中，第三光放大模块1906可以独立设置，也可以设置在终端单元上，也可以设置在第二路由合波器1902上。
在另一实施例中，提供一种网络系统，包括上述第一光放大模块1904、第二光放大模块1905、第三光放大模块1906中一个或多个。
下面通过一个网络系统示例进行说明。如图20所示为本公开一实施例提供的WDM网络，该WDM网络中第一路由合波器的设备侧端口分别实现对上行波长λ1’，λ2’，λ3’和λ4’的路由分配，即第一路由合波器的多个设备侧端口分别输出波长为λ1’，λ2’，λ3’和λ4’的光信号至OLT1、OLT2、OLT3和OLT4，每个端口仅输出多个波长中与端口号对应的其中一个波长的光信号。第二路由合波器的设备侧端口分别实现对下行波长λ1，λ2、λ3和λ4的路由分配，即第二路由合波器的多个设备侧端口分别输出波长为λ1，λ2、λ3和λ4的光信号至ONU1、ONU2、ONU3和ONU4。本实施例中，OLT1～OLT4，以及ONU1～ONU4为WDM系统中1个波长对应的光接口，也可是1个PON设备中多个PON端口中的1个(或1个ONU设备中多个ONU Port中的1个)，单对波长收发的光模块光口，以及多通道收发光模块多个光口中的1路收发等。
当OLT1发送波长为λ1的下行光信号时，OLT1发送的波长为λ1的光信号依次经过第一路由合波器合波，第二路由合波器路由后传输至ONU1(因为波长为λ1的光信号通过与ONU1连接的设备侧端口输出)；
当ONU1发送波长为λ1’的上行光信号时，ONU1发送的波长为λ1’的光信号依次经过第二路由合波器合波，第一路由合波器路由后传输至OLT1，由此OLT1和ONU1建立连接关系。
当OLT1改为发送波长为λ2的下行光信号，且ONU侧改由ONU2发送波长为λ1’的上行光信号时，OLT1发送的波长为λ2的光信号依次经过第一路由合波器合波，第二路由合波器路由后传输至ONU2；ONU2发送的波长为λ1’的光信号依次经过第二路由合波器合波，第一路由合波器路由后传输至OLT1，由此OLT1和ONU2建立连接关系。
同理，上述WDM网络中，任意OLT与任意ONU可以建立连接关系，例如，OLT4发送波长为λ1(即ONU1连接的设备侧端口的接收波长)的下行光信号，ONU1发送波长为λ4’(即OLT4连接的设备侧端口的接收波长)的上行光信号时，OLT4和ONU1建立连接关系；OLT3发送波长为λ2(即ONU2连接的设备侧端口的接收波长)的下行光信号，ONU2发送波长为λ3’(即OLT3连接的设备侧端口的接收波长)的上行光信号时，OLT3和ONU2建立连接关系等。相比相关技术，本实施例能实现不同OLT和ONU之间的灵活连接以及N+1端口冗余备份。另外，由于包含具备波长路由功能的第一路由合波器和第二路由合波器，OLT和ONU侧光模块都可采用宽谱接收机，不需要具备可调滤波功能的可调接收机。本实施例中第一路由合波器和第二路由合波器可有多种实现方案，并且第一路由合波器和第二路由合波器的类型可以不一样，但需满足其中之一的路由合波器对经由另一路由合波器合路后输入网络侧端口的多个波长信号具备路由功能，反之亦然。
所述网络系统可以用于实现OLT N+1端口冗余备份，如图21a所示，该网络系统包含OLT1、OLT2、OLT3和OLT4，检测模块211、控制模块212以及，ONU1、ONU2和ONU3，其中，OLT4作为OLT1至OLT3的冗余备份端口，当OLT1至OLT3与ONU1-ONU3之间任意一组光路连接出现故障时，启用备份OLT，如图21b所示，包括：
步骤2101，检测模块211检测到到光同步丢失(Lost of synchronous，LOS)告警或业务异常告警，通知控制模块212。
步骤2102，控制模块212关闭故障光路对应的OLT端口(简称故障OLT端口)，启用备用OLT端口，将故障OLT端口的波长配置通知备用OLT端口。
比如，检测到OLT3故障，则关闭OLT3，启用OLT4，将OLT3端口的波长配置通知OLT4(即OLT3的发射波长λ3，即该故障光路对端ONU3所连接的路由合波器端口对应的路由波长)。
步骤2103，备用OLT端口发射波长选用故障OLT端口所用波长，并发送光信号给故障光路对应的ONU，携带波长指示信息，即所述备用OLT端口所连接的路由合波器端口对应的路由波长信息。
OLT4根据接收到的波长配置，将OLT4的发射波长配置为λ3，并发送光信号给故障光路的对端ONU3，携带OLT4所连接的路由合波器端口对应的路由波长信息(即λ4’)。
步骤2104，故障光路对应的ONU收到备用OLT端口发送的光信号以及路由波长信息，将发射波长改为所述路由波长，备用OLT端口与该ONU建立连接。
比如，ONU3接收到光信号后，将ONU3的发射波长改为λ4’，则OLT4与ONU3建立连接。
在一实施例中，上述备份也可以是同一OLT的多个端口之间进行备份。比如，一个OLT包括多个端口(其中之一作为备份端口)，当该OLT有端口故障时，使用备份端口替换故障端口。
在另一实施例中，所述网络系统可以用于实现ONU N+1端口冗余备份，1个ONU有多个光模块接口，其中一个光模块接口作为其他光模块接口的备份，如图22a所示，该网络系统包含OLT1、OLT2、OLT3，检测模块221、控制模块222以及ONU，该ONU包括四个端口port1-port4，ONU port4作为ONU port1-port3的冗余备份端口，当OLT1-OLT3与ONU port1-port3任意一组光路连接出现故障时，启用备份ONU port，如图22b所示，包括：
步骤2201，检测模块221检测到到光LOS告警或业务异常告警，通知控制模块222。
步骤2202，控制模块222关闭故障光路对应的ONU端口(简称故障ONU端口)并启用备用ONU端口，并将故障ONU端口波长配置通知备用ONU端口。
比如，检测到ONU port3故障，则关闭ONU port3，启用ONU port4，将ONU port3的波长配置(本实施例中为λ3’，即该故障光路对端OLT3所连接的路由合波器端口对应的路由波长))通知ONU port4。
步骤2203，备用ONU端口的发射波长选用故障ONU端口所用波长，并发送光信号给故障光路对应的OLT，携带波长指示信息，即所述备用ONU端口所 连接的路由合波器端口对应的路由波长信息。
ONU port4根据接收到的波长配置将发射波长配置为λ3’，并发送光信号给OLT3，携带ONU port所连接的路由合波器端口对应的路由波长信息(即λ4)。
步骤2204，故障光路对应的OLT收到备用ONU端口发送的光信号以及路由波长信息，将发射波长改为所述路由波长，备用ONU端口与该OLT建立连接。
比如，OLT3接收到光信号后，将OLT3的发射波长改为λ4，则OLT3与ONU port4建立连接。
在另一实施例中，也可以是多个ONU，其中一个ONU作为其他ONU的备份，在其他ONU故障时，启用备份ONU，与上述实施例类似，不再赘述。
在另一实施例中，提供一种网络系统，该网络系统包含一个或多个OLT，一个或多个ONU，每个OLT包含一个或多个光模块，每个ONU包含一个或多个光模块，OLT侧的一个或多个光模块作为备份，ONU侧的一个或多个光模块作为备份，OLT侧的光模块和ONU侧的光模块之间建立光路后，当一个光路故障时，启用备份光模块。
上述实施例中，当所述网络系统支持主干光纤保护时，第一路由合波器和第二路由合波器分别包含两个网络侧端口，通过两根主干光纤连接。
下面通过实施例说明上述网络系统。
如图23a所示，本实施例中，由第一路由合波器和第二路由合波器构成的ODN网络直接连接的可以是传输设备OLT和ONU，然后OLT和ONU再连接业务设备，如4G或5G前传中的BBU或DU，RRU或AAU。波长管理是通过网元管理单元(Element Management System，EMS)直接下达命令给OLT(或OLT PON端口)，OLT选择好一种发射波长，该波长对应一个ONU，OLT通过下行波长通道，通知该ONU选择一种上行的发射波长，使其上行波长通路为对应的OLT(或OLT PON端口)，这样一对OLT和ONU之间就建立了上下行波长通道。
如图23b所示，如果需要在OLT1和ONU1之间建立连接，包括：
步骤2301，波长管理EMS下发指令至OLT1，指定OLT1的发射波长为λ1(即OLT1需建立连接的ONU1所连接的设备侧端口的接收波长)。
步骤2302，OLT1接收到所述指令后，设置OLT1的发射波长为λ1。
在一实施例中，也可以不由EMS下发指令，比如，直接在OLT1上设置发射波长。
步骤2303，OLT1发送光信号至需连接的ONU1，携带波长指示信息，所述波长指示信息指示所述OLT1连接的设备侧端口的接收波长为λ1’。
步骤2304，所述ONU1接收到所述光信号后，根据所述光信号中携带的所述波长指示信息设置所述ONU1的发射波长为λ1’。
之后，ONU1也可以发送波长为λ1’的光信号至OLT1，确认所建立的波长连接通道。当然，ONU1也可以不进行确认。
如图24a所示，本公开另一实施例中，由第一路由合波器和第二路由合波器构成的ODN网络也可以直接连接设置有光模块的业务设备(比如DU或BBU与AAU或RRU)，业务设备端口的光模块可接收来自第一路由合波器的波长设置指令，调节发射波长。DU或BBU与AAU或RRU之间的波长通道，直接通过第一路由合波器，采用辅助管理通道(Auxiliary Management and Control Channel，AMCC)或第三波长的方式传递命令建立。此时，第一路由合波器上可设置有波长管理模块，当然，波长管理模块也可和第一路由合波器分开单独设置。在这种方式中内置于业务设备DU或BBU和AAU或RRU的光模块需要具备接收AMCC信号或第三波长信号(第三波长是指所建立的传输光路的波长之外的其他波长)的功能，而且还具备根据接收信号自动调节发射波长的功能。
如图24a所示，DU或BBU上有一个或多个光模块，每个光模块可以与一个AAU或RRU建立连接。其中，图24a中仅示出了一个DU/BBU。在其他实施例中，也可以包括多个DU或BBU。
如图24b所示，包括：
步骤2401，第一路由合波器通过AMCC信号发送第一指令给DU或BBU，携带第一波长指示信息，所述第一波长指示信息指示DU或BBU的一光模块的发射波长为λ1。
步骤2402，所述DU或BBU接收到所述第一指令后，根据所述第一指令中携带的第一波长指示信息设置所述DU或BBU的一光模块的发射波长为λ1。
步骤2403，第一路由合波器通过AMCC信号发送第二指令给AAU或RRU，携带第二波长指示信息，所述第二波长指示信息指示AAU或RRU的发射波长为λ1’。
步骤2404，所述AAU或RRU接收到所述第二指令后，根据所述第二指令中携带的第二波长指示信息设置所述AAU或RRU的发射波长为λ1’。
其中，第一路由合波器可以在接收到波长管理EMS的指令(比如需要在DU或BBU和AAU或RRU之间建立连接的指令)后，分别发送指令给DU或BBU和AAU或RRU。
在一实施例中，上述步骤2403～2404也可以在步骤2401之前执行。
在一实施例中，也可以通过其他方式设置发射波长，比如，直接在DU或BBU，AAU或RRU上设置其发射波长。
基于上述网络系统，本公开一实施例提供了一种波分路由的方法，用于WDM系统，包括：
多个局端单元(光发送接收装置)与多个终端单元(光发送接收装置)建立连接，对于任意需连接的局端单元和终端单元，局端单元设置发射波长为所需连接的终端单元连接的设备侧端口的接收波长，终端单元设置发射波长为所需连接的局端单元连接的网络侧端口的接收波长。
本公开一实施例提供一种波分路由方法，应用于任一实施例所述的网络系统，如图25所示，包括：
步骤25010，所述局端单元设置所述局端单元的发射波长为所述局端单元所需连接的终端单元所连接的设备侧端口的接收波长。
步骤25020，所述终端单元设置所述终端单元的发射波长为所述终端单元所需连接的局端单元所连接的设备侧端口的接收波长。
在一实施例中，所述终端单元设置所述终端单元的发射波长为所述终端单元所需连接的局端单元所连接的设备侧端口的接收波长前，还包括：
所述局端单元以所设置的发射波长发送光信号至待连接的终端单元，所述光信号中携带波长指示信息，所述波长指示信息指示所述局端单元所连接的设备侧端口的接收波长；
所述终端单元设置所述终端单元的发射波长为所述终端单元所需连接的局端单元所连接的设备侧端口的接收波长，包括：
所述终端单元接收到所述光信号后，根据所述光信号中携带的所述波长指示信息设置所述终端单元的发射波长。
在一实施例中，所述局端单元设置所述局端单元的发射波长为所述局端单元所需连接的终端单元所连接的设备侧端口的接收波长包括：
所述局端单元接收所述第一路由合波器的第一指令，根据所述第一指令中携带的第一波长指示信息设置所述局端单元的发射波长为所述局端单元所需连接的终端单元所连接的设备侧端口的接收波长；
所述终端单元设置所述终端单元的发射波长为所述终端单元所需连接的局端单元所连接的设备侧端口的接收波长包括：
所述终端单元接收所述第一路由合波器的第二指令，根据所述第二指令中 携带的第二波长指示信息设置所述终端单元的发射波长为所述终端单元所需连接的局端单元所连接的设备侧端口的接收波长。
上文中所公开方法中的全部或一些步骤、系统、装置中的功能模块或单元可以被实施为软件、固件、硬件及其适当的组合。在硬件实施方式中，在以上描述中提及的功能模块或单元之间的划分不一定对应于物理组件的划分；例如，一个物理组件可以具有多个功能，或者一个功能或步骤可以由一个或多个物理组件合作执行。一些组件或所有组件可以被实施为由处理器，如数字信号处理器或微处理器执行的软件，或者被实施为硬件，或者被实施为集成电路，如专用集成电路。这样的软件可以分布在计算机可读介质上，计算机可读介质可以包括计算机存储介质(或非暂时性介质)和通信介质(或暂时性介质)。术语计算机存储介质包括在用于存储信息(诸如计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序模块或其他数据)的任何方法或技术中实施的易失性和非易失性、可移除和不可移除介质。计算机存储介质包括随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory，RAM)、只读存储器(Read-Only Memory，ROM)、电可擦只读存储器(Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory，EEPROM)、闪存或其他存储器技术、便携式紧凑磁盘只读存储器(Compact Disc Read Only Memory，CD-ROM)、数字多功能盘(Digital Video Disk，DVD)或其他光盘存储、磁盒、磁带、磁盘存储或其他磁存储装置、或者可以用于存储期望的信息并且可以被计算机访问的任何其他的介质。通信介质通常包含计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序模块或者诸如载波或其他传输机制之类的调制数据信号中的其他数据，并且可包括任何信息递送介质。

Claims (23)

  1. 一种路由合波器，用于波分复用系统，所述路由合波器包括网络侧端口和多个设备侧端口，
    所述路由合波器设置为将输入到所述多个设备侧端口的多路波分复用光信号进行合波并从所述网络侧端口输出，其中，输入到每一个设备侧端口的每一路波分复用光信号是所述多路波分复用光信号中的至少一个波长的光信号；以及，
    所述路由合波器设置为将输入到所述网络侧端口的波分复用光信号进行波长路由，得到每路只包含一个波长的多路波分复用光信号，将每路波分复用光信号通过所述多个设备侧端口中的一个设备侧端口输出。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的路由合波器，其中，所述将每路波分复用光信号通过所述多个设备侧端口中的一个设备侧端口输出，包括：将每路波分复用光信号通过与所述路波分复用光信号的波长对应的固定的设备侧端口输出。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的路由合波器，其中，所述路由合波器包括：与所述网络侧端口相连的分离器、与所述多个设备侧端口分别相连的分离器，以及，合路器和分波器，其中，所述与所述网络侧端口相连的分离器与所述网络侧端口对应、所述与所述多个设备侧端口分别相连的分离器与所述设备侧端口一一对应，所述合路器的多个输入端口分别连接至与所述多个设备侧端口分别相连的分离器，所述合路器的输出端口连接至与所述网络侧端口相连的分离器，所述分波器的输入端口连接至与所述网络侧端口相连的分离器，所述分波器的多个输出端口分别连接至与所述多个设备侧端口分别相连的分离器，其中：
    所述与所述网络侧端口相连的分离器设置为，将来自所述网络侧端口的波分复用光信号导向所述分波器，以及，将来自所述合路器的波分复用光信号导向至所述网络侧端口输出；
    所述与所述多个设备侧端口分别相连的分离器设置为，将来自所述分波器的波分复用光信号导向至所述多个设备侧端口分别输出，以及，将来自所述多个设备侧端口的波分复用光信号导向所述合路器；
    所述合路器设置为，将从所述合路器的输入端口输入的波分复用光信号耦合在一起从所述合路器的输出端口输出至所述与所述网络侧端口相连的分离器；
    所述分波器设置为，将输入所述分波器的输入端口的多个波长的混合波分复用光信号按波长路由，分别从所述分波器的输出端口输出至与所述多个设备侧端口分别相连的分离器。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的路由合波器，其中，所述分离器包括以下至少之 一：薄膜滤波片、光纤布拉格光栅、多模干涉耦合器、方向耦合器、环路器件。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的路由合波器，其中，所述合路器为具备波长无关特性的功分器。
  6. 根据权利要求3至5任一所述的路由合波器，其中，所述分波器为多端口波分复用器件。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的路由合波器，其中，所述路由合波器包括合路分路器和至少一个滤波器，所述合路分路器包括第一端口和至少一个第二端口，所述滤波器包括第三端口和第四端口；其中，所述滤波器的个数与所述设备侧端口的个数相等、所述第二端口的个数与所述设备侧端口的个数相等，每一个设备侧端口与所述至少一个滤波器中的一个滤波器的第四端口相连，每个第二端口与所述至少一个滤波器中的一个滤波器的第三端口相连；所述合路分路器的第一端口连接所述网络侧端口，所述合路分路器的第二端口连接对应的所述滤波器的第三端口，所述滤波器的第四端口连接至对应的设备侧端口，其中：
    所述合路分路器设置为，将来自所述滤波器的多路波分复用光信号进行合波输出到所述网络侧端口，以及，将来自所述网络侧端口的多个波长的混合波分复用光信号分路至所述滤波器；
    所述滤波器设置为，将来自所述合路分路器的多个波长的混合波分复用光信号提取出与所述滤波器连接的设备侧端口对应的波长的光信号，通过所述设备侧端口输出；以及，将来自所述设备侧端口的波分复用光信号透射输入到所述合路分路器。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的路由合波器，其中，所述合路分路器为具备波长无关特性的功分器。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的路由合波器，其中，所述滤波器为波分复用器件。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的路由合波器，其中，所述路由合波器包括：从所述网络侧端口至所述多个设备侧端口的第1至第N级波长选择合路分路器，且每个波长选择合路分路器包括一个第五端口和M个第六端口，所述M为大于1的正整数，其中，第i级的波长选择合路分路器的第六端口的总数为第i+1级的波长选择合路分路器的数目，第i级的每个波长选择合路分路器的每个第六端口分别连接一个第i+1级的波长选择合路分路器的第五端口，i＝1,…N-1，所述N为大于1的正整数，第N级的波长选择合路分路器的每个第六端口连接一个所述设备侧端口，第1级的波长选择合路分路器的第五端口连接所述网络侧端口，其中：
    所述波长选择合路分路器设置为，将输入到所述波长选择合路分路器的第六端口的所有波分复用光信号耦合在一起从所述波长选择合路分路器的第五端口输出，以及，将输入到所述波长选择合路分路器的第五端口的多个波长的混合波分复用光信号分成M组，分别通过所述波长选择合路分路器的M个第六端口输出。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的路由合波器，其中，所述波长选择合路分路器包括以下至少之一：方向耦合器、马赫曾德干涉仪、标准具。
  12. 根据权利要求10或11所述的路由合波器，其中，所述M＝2。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的路由合波器，其中，所述将输入到所述波长选择合路分路器的第五端口的多个波长的混合光信号分成M组，包括：将输入到所述波长选择合路分路器的第五端口的多个等间隔波长且间隔为第一间隔的光信号分成光信号数目相同的第一组和第二组，且所述第一组包括多个等间隔波长且间隔为第二间隔的光信号，所述第二组包括多个等间隔波长且间隔为第二间隔的光信号，所述第二间隔为所述第一间隔的两倍。
  14. 根据权利要求1至13任一项所述的路由合波器，其中，所述路由合波器上还设置有波长管理模块，所述波长管理模块设置为实现以下至少之一：
    在第一局端单元通过所述路由合波器和第一终端单元建立连接的情况下，发送第一指令给所述第一局端单元，所述第一指令中携带第一波长指示信息，所述第一波长指示信息指示所述第一终端单元所连接的设备侧端口的接收波长；
    在第一局端单元通过所述路由合波器和第一终端单元建立连接情况下，发送第二指令给所述第一终端单元，所述第二指令中携带第二波长指示信息，所述第二波长指示信息指示所述第一局端单元所连接的设备侧端口的接收波长。
  15. 一种网络系统，包括如权利要求1至13任一项所述的第一路由合波器，以及，如权利要求1至13任一项所述的第二路由合波器，其中：所述第一路由合波器的网络侧端口连接所述第二路由合波器的网络侧端口。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的网络系统，其中，所述网络系统还包括至少一个局端单元和至少一个终端单元，其中，所述第一路由合波器的每个设备侧端口连接一个局端单元，所述第二路由合波器的每个设备侧端口连接一个终端单元。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的网络系统，其中，
    所述局端单元设置为，设置所述局端单元的发射波长为所述局端单元所需连接的终端单元所连接的设备侧端口的接收波长；
    所述终端单元设置为，设置所述终端单元的发射波长为所述终端单元所需连接的局端单元所连接的设备侧端口的接收波长。
  18. 根据权利要求16或17所述的网络系统，其中，所述网络系统还包括波长管理模块，所述波长管理模块设置为实现以下至少之一：
    在第一局端单元和第一终端单元建立连接的情况下，发送第一指令给所述第一局端单元，所述第一指令中携带第一波长指示信息，所述第一波长指示信息指示所述第一终端单元所连接的设备侧端口的接收波长；
    在第一局端单元和第一终端单元建立连接的情况下，发送第二指令给所述第一终端单元，所述第二指令中携带第二波长指示信息，所述第二波长指示信息指示所述第一局端单元所连接的设备侧端口的接收波长。
  19. 一种网络系统，包括如权利要求1至13任一项所述的第一路由合波器，如权利要求1至13任一项所述的第二路由合波器，以及，光放大模块，其中：所述第一路由合波器的网络侧端口连接所述光放大模块的一端，所述光放大模块的另一端连接所述第二路由合波器的网络侧端口，所述光放大模块设置为将来自所述第一路由合波器的波分复用光信号放大后输入至所述第二路由合波器，以及，将来自所述第一路由合波器的波分复用光信号放大后输入至所述第二路由合波器。
  20. 一种路由合波方法，包括：
    将输入到路由合波器的设备侧端口的多路波分复用光信号进行合波并从所述路由合波器的网络侧端口输出；
    以及，将输入到所述网络侧端口的波分复用光信号进行路由，得到每路只包含一个波长的波分复用光信号的多路波分复用光信号，将所述多路波分复用光信号分别通过所述设备侧端口输出。
  21. 一种波分路由方法，应用于如权利要求15至19任一项所述的网络系统，包括：
    所述局端单元设置所述局端单元的发射波长为所述局端单元所需连接的终端单元所连接的设备侧端口的接收波长；
    所述终端单元设置所述终端单元的发射波长为所述终端单元所需连接的局端单元所连接的设备侧端口的接收波长。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的波分路由方法，其中，在所述终端单元设置所述终端单元的发射波长为所述终端单元所需连接的局端单元所连接的设备侧端口的接收波长之前，还包括：
    所述局端单元以所设置的发射波长发送光信号至待连接的终端单元，所述光信号中携带波长指示信息，所述波长指示信息指示所述局端单元所连接的设备侧端口的接收波长；
    所述终端单元设置所述终端单元的发射波长为所述终端单元所需连接的局端单元所连接的设备侧端口的接收波长，包括：
    所述终端单元接收到所述光信号后，根据所述光信号中携带的所述波长指示信息设置所述终端单元的发射波长。
  23. 根据权利要求21所述的波分路由方法，其中，
    所述局端单元设置所述局端单元的发射波长为所述局端单元所需连接的终端单元所连接的设备侧端口的接收波长，包括：
    所述局端单元接收第一路由合波器的第一指令，根据所述第一指令中携带的第一波长指示信息设置所述局端单元的发射波长为所述局端单元所需连接的终端单元所连接的设备侧端口的接收波长；
    所述终端单元设置所述终端单元的发射波长为所述终端单元所需连接的局端单元所连接的设备侧端口的接收波长，包括：
    所述终端单元接收所述第一路由合波器的第二指令，根据所述第二指令中携带的第二波长指示信息设置所述终端单元的发射波长为所述终端单元所需连接的局端单元所连接的设备侧端口的接收波长。
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