WO2020125632A1 - 声学装置及电子设备 - Google Patents

声学装置及电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020125632A1
WO2020125632A1 PCT/CN2019/126024 CN2019126024W WO2020125632A1 WO 2020125632 A1 WO2020125632 A1 WO 2020125632A1 CN 2019126024 W CN2019126024 W CN 2019126024W WO 2020125632 A1 WO2020125632 A1 WO 2020125632A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sound
housing
acoustic device
closed cavity
diaphragm
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2019/126024
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐同雁
郭翔
张成飞
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Goertek Inc
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Goertek Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Goertek Inc filed Critical Goertek Inc
Publication of WO2020125632A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020125632A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
    • H04R1/2815—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements of the bass reflex type
    • H04R1/2819—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements of the bass reflex type for loudspeaker transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
    • H04R1/283—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements using a passive diaphragm
    • H04R1/2834—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements using a passive diaphragm for loudspeaker transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/02—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
    • H04R1/2853—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements using an acoustic labyrinth or a transmission line
    • H04R1/2857—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements using an acoustic labyrinth or a transmission line for loudspeaker transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/34—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means
    • H04R1/345—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means for loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2307/00—Details of diaphragms or cones for electromechanical transducers, their suspension or their manufacture covered by H04R7/00 or H04R31/003, not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2307/204—Material aspects of the outer suspension of loudspeaker diaphragms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2400/00—Loudspeakers
    • H04R2400/11—Aspects regarding the frame of loudspeaker transducers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of acoustic control, in particular to an acoustic device and an electronic device.
  • the acoustic system of the conventional structure includes a closed box and a sound-generating unit provided on the closed box. Due to the volume limitation of the chamber in the acoustic system, it is difficult for acoustic systems, especially small acoustic systems Achieve the effect of satisfactory bass reproduction. In order to improve this problem, one approach is to install a passive radiator on the cabinet of the acoustic system (prior art 2). As shown in FIG. 1, 10 is the sound-generating unit, 20 is the cabinet of the acoustic system, and 30 is the passive.
  • the radiator, the sound generating unit and the passive radiator simultaneously radiate sound to the outside, using the principle that the passive radiator and the box form a strong resonance at a specific frequency point fp (resonance frequency point) to enhance the local sensitivity near the resonance frequency point fp (for example, (See patent CN1939086A).
  • fp resonance frequency point
  • the passive radiator and the sound generating unit have opposite phases of sound waves, and the sound waves cancel each other, and the passive radiator has a negative effect on the sensitivity of the acoustic system.
  • Another method is to place sound-absorbing materials (such as activated carbon, zeolite, etc.) in the cabinet of the acoustic system to absorb or desorb the gas in the cabinet, which has the effect of increasing the volume and lowering the low-frequency resonance frequency.
  • sound-absorbing materials such as activated carbon, zeolite, etc.
  • the solution of adding sound absorbing material in the body needs to achieve a good hermetic packaging of the sound absorbing material, otherwise if the sound absorbing material enters the speaker unit, the acoustic performance of the speaker unit will be damaged and the service life of the speaker unit will be affected.
  • the volume of the sound-emitting device matched with it must also become smaller and smaller. If the low frequency is improved simply by increasing the compliance of the diaphragm material or increasing the quality, although it can achieve the effect of improving the bass, it will also have the consequences of product vibration imbalance or loss of intermediate frequency effect, and the balance of the overall sound effect of the product cannot be achieved. . It can be seen that for a small volume sound-generating device, it is difficult to achieve an ideal bass effect due to its own volume limitation.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to provide an acoustic device, which aims to solve the problem of improving low frequency by simply increasing the compliance of the diaphragm material or increasing the quality in the prior art, resulting in unbalanced vibration of the product or loss of the effect of the intermediate frequency, and cannot achieve the overall product The problem of improving the balance of sound effects.
  • the present invention proposes an acoustic device including a sound-generating unit, the sound-generating unit includes a vibrating diaphragm, a sound outlet is provided on the acoustic device, and sound waves on the front side of the vibrating diaphragm pass through the The sound port is radiated to the outside; a closed airtight cavity is formed on the rear side of the diaphragm, and the airtight cavity is separated into a first airtight cavity and a second airtight cavity by a spacer; wherein the space can be at least partially flexible deformed, so The first closed cavity is adjacent to the vibrating diaphragm, the second closed cavity is far away from the vibrating diaphragm, and the second closed cavity closes the acoustic wave generated by the flexible deformation portion during deformation in the second closed cavity Intracavity
  • the ratio of the effective deformation area of the flexible deformation portion that can generate deformation to the effective vibration area of the diaphragm is greater than or equal to 10%.
  • the ratio of the effective deformation area of the flexible deformation portion that can generate deformation to the effective vibration area of the vibrating diaphragm is 0.1-4.
  • the effective area of the flexible deformation portion that can be deformed is 15 mm 2 to 486 mm 2 .
  • the effective vibration area of the vibration diaphragm is less than or equal to 600 mm 2 .
  • the elongated deformation range of the flexible deformation part and the vibration diaphragm is 0 mm to 1 mm.
  • the Young's modulus of all or part of the flexible deformation part is less than or equal to 8000 MPa.
  • At least TPU, TPEE, LCP, PAR, PC, PA, PPA, PEEK, PEI, PEN, PES, PET, PI, PPS, PPSU, PSU, silicone, and rubber are used in all or part of the flexible deformation section At least one of them.
  • the volume of the second closed cavity is larger than the volume of the first closed cavity.
  • a porous sound absorbing material is provided in the first closed cavity and/or the second closed cavity, and the sound absorbing material is used to increase the equivalent volume of the closed cavity.
  • the porous sound absorbing material is composed of activated carbon, zeolite, silica (SiO2), alumina (Al2O3), zirconia (ZrO2), magnesium oxide (MgO), ferric oxide (Fe3O4), molecular sieve, ball Shell-like carbon molecules, carbon nanotubes, sound-absorbing cotton, or any one or more of them
  • the acoustic device includes a first housing, the sound generating unit is mounted on the first housing to form a sound generating assembly, and the vibrating diaphragm of the sound generating unit forms the first housing The first closed cavity;
  • the acoustic device includes a second housing, and the sound generating assembly is installed in the second housing, and the second sealed cavity is formed between the second housing and the first housing;
  • a part of the first housing forms the partition.
  • the second casing is a casing of an electronic device.
  • the present invention also provides an electronic device, the electronic device includes the acoustic device as described above, the acoustic device includes a first housing, and the sound generating unit is mounted on the first housing Forming a sound-generating component, the first sealed cavity is formed between the vibration diaphragm of the sound-generating unit and the first housing; the acoustic device further includes a second housing, and the sound-generating component is mounted on the second In the housing, the second closed cavity is formed between the second housing and the first housing;
  • a part of the first housing forms the spacer
  • the second casing is a casing of an electronic device.
  • the flexible deformation portions of different areas are provided according to the vibration membranes of different areas.
  • the vibrating diaphragm vibrates simultaneously with the flexible deforming portion.
  • the flexible deforming portion is in the process of vibration
  • the equivalent volume of the first closed cavity is adjusted to be optimized, thereby improving the equivalent acoustic compliance of the first closed cavity, reducing the resonance frequency of the acoustic device, and realizing the beneficial effect of improving low-frequency sensitivity, avoiding simple Increasing the compliance of the diaphragm material makes the product unbalanced in vibration or loses the intermediate frequency effect, and the problem of the balance improvement of the overall sound effect of the product cannot be achieved.
  • the radiation sound wave of the flexible deformation part is enclosed in the acoustic device to avoid the reverse phase radiation sound wave of the flexible deformation part, which will cancel the positive radiation sound wave of the sound generation unit, and then the whole Greatly improve the product's low-band sensitivity.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an acoustic device provided with a passive radiator in the prior art 2;
  • FIG. 2 is a test curve (SPL curve) of the loudness at different frequencies of the prior art 2 acoustic device provided with passive radiators and the prior art 1 conventional structure acoustic device;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an acoustic device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the acoustic device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is the curve of the ratio of the FR lifting effect of the acoustic device of the present invention to the flexible deformation portion and the effective area of the diaphragm
  • Label name Label name 10 First closed cavity 20 Second closed cavity 30 Flexible deformation 40 Sound-absorbing material 50 Spacer 60 Vibrating diaphragm 70 Sound channel 71 Voice
  • the present invention actually proposes an acoustic device.
  • the acoustic device includes: a sound generating unit.
  • the sound generating unit includes a vibrating diaphragm 60.
  • the acoustic device is provided with a sound outlet and the vibrating diaphragm
  • the sound wave on the front side of 60 is radiated to the outside through the sound outlet;
  • the rear side of the vibrating diaphragm 60 forms a closed sealed cavity, and the sealed cavity is separated into a first sealed cavity 10 and a second sealed cavity 20 by a partition 50;
  • the spacer 50 may be at least partially flexibly deformed, the first sealed cavity 10 is adjacent to the vibrating diaphragm 60, the second sealed cavity 20 is far from the vibrating diaphragm 60, and the second sealed cavity 20
  • the sound waves generated by the flexible deformation portion 30 during deformation are enclosed in the second sealed cavity 20; wherein, the flexible deformation portion 30 can generate an effective deformation area of the deformation and an effective
  • the cavity wall of the first closed cavity 10 is provided with an opening having an accommodating space, and the sound generating unit is correspondingly installed at the opening.
  • the vibration diaphragm 60 of the sound-generating unit is located away from the first closed cavity 10, and the other side is located in the first closed cavity 10.
  • the flexible deformation portion 30 is provided on the partition portion 50.
  • the sound generating unit emits sound
  • the vibrating diaphragm 60 vibrates to transmit sound to the first sealed cavity 10.
  • sound pressure is generated in the first closed cavity 10
  • the flexible deformation portion 30 deforms as the sound pressure in the first closed cavity 10 changes during vibration to achieve the first Flexible adjustment of the volume of the closed cavity 10. For example, when the flexible deformation portion 30 protrudes toward the first sealed cavity 10, the volume of the first sealed cavity increases.
  • the influence on the volume of the first sealed cavity 10 during vibration is greater, that is, When the amplitude of the vibration of the flexible deformation section 30 is constant, the larger the area of the deformation member 30 vibrates, the greater the volume increase of the first closed cavity 10; on the contrary, when the area of the flexible deformation section 30 is smaller , The smaller the influence on the volume of the first closed cavity 10 during the vibration.
  • the flexible deformation portion 30 vibrates and can also consume vibration energy of different frequency bands in the rear cavity of the diaphragm 60, thereby greatly Reducing the resonance phenomenon of the acoustic device when the vibration of the generating part occurs, effectively improving the problem of sound distortion, and improving the acoustic performance; however, when the ratio is less than this, that is, the area of the flexible deformation portion 30 is too small, resulting in insufficient compliance, and The effect of adjusting the volume of the first closed cavity 10 is small, so that the sensitivity of the low frequency band is slightly improved; when it is greater than this ratio, the ratio of space occupation and performance benefit is greatly reduced, which will cause the flexible deformation portion 30 and all
  • the consequences of the unbalanced vibration between the vibration diaphragms 60 or the loss of the intermediate frequency effect cannot achieve a balanced improvement in the overall sound effect of the product.
  • the first The equivalent volume of a closed cavity 10 indirectly enhances the best adaptability of the equivalent acoustic compliance in the first closed cavity 10, thereby realizing the beneficial effect of improving low-frequency sensitivity, avoiding simply increasing the compliance of the diaphragm material and making the product As a result of unbalanced vibration or loss of intermediate frequency effect, it is impossible to achieve the balance improvement of the overall sound effect of the product.
  • the ratio of the effective deformation area of the flexible deformation section 30 to the effective vibration area of the diaphragm 60 is greater than or equal to 10%; the effective deformation area of the flexible deformation section 30 is effective
  • the ratio of the deformation area to the effective vibration area of the diaphragm 60 is usually selected from 0.1 to 4.
  • the second sealed cavity 20 of the present invention surrounds the partition 50 in a sealed space, and is spaced apart from the outside of the diaphragm 60.
  • the second sealed cavity 20 is provided in the
  • the flexible deformation portion 30 of the spacing portion 50 is enclosed in a closed space and is isolated from the sound emission direction of the vibrating diaphragm 60, and the radiated sound waves of the flexible deformation portion 30 are enclosed inside the second sealed cavity 20 to avoid flexible deformation
  • the reverse phase radiated sound wave of the part 30 causes a cancellation effect on the forward radiated sound wave of the vibrating diaphragm 60, and thus the overall low-band sensitivity of the product is greatly improved.
  • the flexible deformation portion 30 having different areas is provided according to the vibration membrane 60 of different areas.
  • the vibrating diaphragm 60 vibrates simultaneously with the flexible deformation portion 30.
  • the flexible deformation portion 30 is made During the vibration process, the equivalent volume of the first closed cavity 10 is adjusted to be optimized, thereby improving the equivalent acoustic compliance of the first closed cavity 10, reducing the resonance frequency of the acoustic device, and realizing the increase of low frequency
  • the beneficial effect of sensitivity avoids the problem of simply increasing the compliance of the diaphragm material and making the product unbalanced or the loss of the intermediate frequency effect, and the problem of the balance improvement of the overall sound effect of the product cannot be achieved.
  • the radiation sound wave of the flexible deformation part 30 is enclosed in the acoustic device, so as to avoid the reverse phase radiation sound wave of the flexible deformation part, which can offset the positive radiation sound wave of the sound generation unit. Furthermore, the overall low-band sensitivity of the product has been greatly improved.
  • the area of the flexible deformation portion 30 is usually 15 mm 2 to 486 mm 2
  • the area of the diaphragm 60 is usually less than or equal to 600 mm 2 .
  • the area ratio of the flexible deformation portion 30 and the vibrating diaphragm 60 is adjusted to improve the bass frequency loudness of the acoustic device. That is, by adjusting the compliance of the diaphragm 60 and the compliance of the first sealed cavity 10, the overall compliance or equivalent acoustic compliance of the acoustic device is determined.
  • the elongated deformation range of the flexible deformation part and the vibration diaphragm is 0 mm to 1 mm.
  • the flexible deformation portion 30 is a single-layer structure made of a thermoplastic elastomer material or a multi-layer composite structure made of at least one thermoplastic elastomer material, so as to satisfy the flexible deformation portion 30 under different power conditions
  • the amount of displacement can satisfy the adjustment of the volume of the first closed cavity 10.
  • the maximum stretch is 1mm. For example, when the power is high, the deformation displacement of the flexible deformation portion 30 is large, and when the power is low, the deformation displacement of the flexible deformation portion 30 is small.
  • the volume change adjusted by the first sealed cavity 10 is also different, it is only necessary to ensure that the maximum displacement of the flexible deformation section 30 can meet the balance at the highest power
  • the air pressure value between the first closed cavity 10 and the second closed cavity 20 may be sufficient.
  • thermoplastic elastomer material includes at least one of TPU, TPEE, LCP, PAR, PC, PA, PPA, PEEK, PEI, PEN, PES, PET, PI, PPS, PPSU, PSU, silicone, and rubber. Based on the thermoplastic elastomer material having a certain flexibility, it is easy to deform when affected by vibration, so that the flexible deformable portion can adjust the volume of the first closed cavity.
  • the Young's modulus of all or part of the flexible deformation portion 30 is less than or equal to 8000 MPa.
  • the Young's modulus or strength of the flexible deformation portion 30 is at least a partial area smaller than the Young's modulus or strength of the cavity wall of the first sealed cavity 10 and/or the cavity wall of the second sealed cavity 20, this embodiment
  • the Young's modulus of all or part of the flexible deformation section 30 is less than or equal to 8000 MPa, under which the strength of the flexible deformation section 30 is small and the compliance is large, which can produce effective Deformation to adjust the volume of the first closed cavity 10, thereby increasing the equivalent acoustic compliance of the first closed cavity 10, effectively reducing the resonance frequency of the acoustic device, and improving the low frequency sensitivity.
  • the Young's modulus of the flexible deformation portion 30 is higher than 8000 MPa, the strength of the flexible deformation portion 22 is greater, and the deformation amplitude is smaller, resulting in an insignificant effect on adjusting the sensitivity of the low frequency
  • the volume of the second sealed cavity 20 is greater than the volume of the first sealed cavity 10.
  • a porous sound absorbing material 40 is provided in the first sealed cavity 10 and/or the second sealed cavity 20, and the sound absorbing material 40 is used to increase the first sealed cavity and/or the first The equivalent volume of the two closed chambers 20.
  • the porous sound absorbing material 40 can also be disposed in the cavity of the second closed cavity 20, and the type of the porous sound absorbing material 40 can be flexibly selected, for example, activated carbon, zeolite , Silica (SiO2), alumina (Al2O3), zirconia (ZrO2), magnesium oxide (MgO), ferric oxide (Fe3O4), molecular sieves, spherical carbon molecules and carbon nanotubes, sound-absorbing cotton Any one or several components.
  • the acoustic device includes a first housing, the sound generating unit is mounted on the first housing to form a sound generating assembly, and a vibration diaphragm 60 of the sound generating unit is formed between the first housing
  • the second casing is a casing of an electronic device.
  • the first enclosed cavity 10 and the second enclosed cavity 20 may be composed of a housing of the acoustic device, for example, the second housing surrounds the second enclosed cavity 20, the first The housing or spacer 50 is provided in the second sealed cavity 20 to isolate the first sealed cavity 10 in the second sealed cavity 20; or, the acoustic device further includes a first housing, so The first casing surrounds the first closed cavity 10, that is, a part of the first casing forms the partition 50, and when the acoustic device is installed on an electronic device, the first casing is installed When on the second casing of the electronic device, the first casing and the first sealed cavity 10 are located in the casing of the electronic device, and the second casing of the electronic device and the first The housing encloses the second closed cavity 20.
  • the mobile phone case and the first housing of the acoustic device enclose the second closed cavity. Therefore, the space inside the electronic device can be fully utilized, and at the same time, a part of the space occupied by the cavity wall is saved, which is more beneficial to the thin design of the electronic device.
  • a mounting hole is opened in the partition 50, and the flexible deformation portion 30 covers the mounting hole.
  • the first sealed cavity 10 and the second sealed cavity 20 are separated by the spacer 50, and the flexible deformation portion 30 is located on the spacer 50.
  • the spacer 50 may be provided integrally, that is, the spacer 50 is partially made of the material of the flexible deformation portion 30, so that the spacer 50 has the flexible deformation portion 30; or, the flexible deformation The portion 30 is installed on the partition portion 50.
  • the flexible deformation portion 30 covers the installation hole, so that the flexible deformation portion 30 faces the first The sealed cavity 10, the other side of which faces the second sealed cavity 20, and when the sound emitting member 60 emits sound, a vibration sound wave is formed in the first closed cavity 10, and the vibration sound wave drives the flexible deformation portion 30 to the installation Vibration in the hole, during the process of vibration in the mounting hole, the flexible deformation part 30 changes the volume of the first sealed cavity 10 based on the deformation, thus, the equivalent sound smoothness of the first sealed cavity 10 is increased, effectively reducing the sound-producing parts
  • the resonance frequency improves low frequency sensitivity and enhances the bass effect of the acoustic device.
  • the flexible deformation portion 30 may be installed in the installation hole, or may be installed at the opening of the installation hole, and the flexible deformation portion covers the installation hole.
  • the structure of the flexible deformation portion 30 has various embodiments, and different structures have different installation methods. Specific implementation manners are listed as follows:
  • the flexible deformation part includes a diaphragm and a reinforcing member, the diaphragm includes a concave surface, the concave surface encloses a receiving cavity, and the reinforcing member is located in the receiving cavity for strengthening the
  • a fixed surface is provided in the circumferential direction of the cavity of the accommodating cavity, and the fixed surface is fixed to the spacing portion so that the concave surface covers the mounting hole.
  • the flexible deformation portion 30 may be installed in the mounting hole, and at this time the fixing surface is fixed on the inner wall of the mounting hole, specifically, the inner wall of the mounting hole is provided with a fixing portion fixing step, The fixing part is fixed on the fixing step, and the concave surface covers the mounting hole.
  • the flexible deformation part 30 When the flexible deformation part 30 is installed in the installation hole, the flexible deformation part can be prevented from occupying the first closed cavity or The second closed cavity; of course, the flexible deformation portion may be provided at the opening of the mounting hole, the fixing surface and the spacing portion of the opening position of the mounting hole are fixedly installed, and the concave surface covers the mounting hole Opening.
  • the spacing portion is a plastic injection structure
  • the fixing surface is fixed on the surface of the spacing portion facing the first sealed cavity
  • the concave surface is facing the first sealed cavity 10, such an internally attached type
  • the flexible deformation portion does not occupy the second sealed cavity 20, so that the volume of the second sealed cavity 20 can be reduced, thereby reducing the volume of the sound-emitting assembly.
  • the fixing surface is adhered and fixed to the spacing portion.
  • the flexible deformation portion 30 is the same as the first embodiment, except for the installation position of the flexible deformation portion 30, specifically, the fixing surface is fixed on the surface of the spacing portion facing the second closed cavity Above, the concave surface faces the second closed cavity.
  • This embodiment is applied to the case where the volume of the second sealed cavity 20 is large, and the flexible deformation portion 30 is externally attached to the second sealed cavity 20 to prevent the flexible deformation portion 30 from occupying the first sealed cavity
  • the volume of 10 is beneficial to improve the compliance of the first closed cavity 10.
  • the flexible deformation portion 30 may be provided as a flexible membrane, the flexible membrane is a planar structure, the flexible The diaphragm includes a flat portion and a bonding portion located in a circumferential direction of the flat portion, the flat portion and the bonding portion are integrally provided, and the flexible diaphragm is bonded to the spacing portion 50 through the bonding portion And make the flat surface cover the mounting hole.
  • the flexible diaphragm can also be disposed in the mounting hole, and at this time, the fitting portion is fixed on the inner wall of the mounting hole, in particular, a fixed step is provided on the inner wall of the mounting hole, and the bonding Part is fixed on the fixed step, and the flat part covers the mounting hole, when the flexible deformation part is installed in the installation hole, the flexible deformation part can be prevented from occupying the first sealed cavity or the second sealed ⁇ 20.
  • the flexible membrane in order to reduce the height of the flexible deformation portion 30, the flexible membrane may be wavy.
  • the flexible membrane includes a wave-shaped deformation portion and a bonding portion located in the circumferential direction of the deformation portion, and the deformation portion is bonded to the spacing portion 50 through the bonding portion and causes the deformation Part covers the mounting hole.
  • the flexible membrane can also be directly arranged in the mounting hole.
  • the flexible diaphragm is arranged in a wave shape, which increases the flexibility of the flexible diaphragm and makes the adjustment effect of the flexible diaphragm better.
  • the acoustic device further includes a sound output channel 70 through which sound waves generated when the vibration diaphragm 60 vibrates from the sound output port 71 via the sound output channel 70 Radiate outward.
  • the side of the diaphragm 60 radiating sound waves to the outside is defined as the front side of the vibrating plate 60, and the side opposite to the front side is the rear side.
  • the rear side of the diaphragm 60 is located in the first sealed cavity 10.
  • the direction of the sound outlet can be set to face the vibration direction of the vibrating diaphragm 60, or can be arranged at any other position on the cavity wall of the sound passage 70 to change the sound transmission direction, so that The invention of the acoustic device can be used in more different occasions, improving its wide adaptability.
  • the sound outlet 71 is provided on the side of the sound-emitting device, and the sound is emitted from the side through the sound-out channel 70.
  • the present invention also provides an electronic device, the electronic device includes the above-mentioned acoustic device, the acoustic device includes a first housing, and the sound generating unit is mounted on the first housing A sound-generating component is formed, and the first sealed cavity 10 is formed between the vibration diaphragm of the sound-generating unit and the first housing; the acoustic device further includes a second housing, and the sound-generating component is mounted on the first In the second case, the second sealed cavity 20 is formed between the second case and the first case; a part of the first case forms the partition 50; the second case It is the shell of electronic equipment.
  • the first enclosed cavity 10 and the second enclosed cavity 20 may be composed of a housing of the acoustic device, for example, the second housing surrounds the second enclosed cavity 20, the first The housing or spacer 50 is provided in the second sealed cavity 20 to isolate the first sealed cavity 10 in the second sealed cavity 20; or, the acoustic device further includes a first housing, so The first casing surrounds the first closed cavity 10, that is, a part of the first casing forms the partition 50, and when the acoustic device is installed on an electronic device, the first casing is installed When on the second casing of the electronic device, the first casing and the first sealed cavity 10 are located in the casing of the electronic device, and the second casing of the electronic device and the first The housing encloses the second closed cavity 20.
  • the mobile phone case and the first housing of the acoustic device enclose the second closed cavity 20. Therefore, the space inside the electronic device can be fully utilized, and at the same time, a part of the space occupied by the cavity wall is saved, which is more beneficial to the thin design of the electronic device.
  • the flexible deformation portion 30 having different areas is provided according to the vibration membrane 60 of different areas.
  • the vibrating diaphragm 60 vibrates simultaneously with the flexible deformation portion 30.
  • the flexible deformation portion 30 is made During the vibration process, the volume of the first sealed cavity 10 is adjusted to be optimized, thereby increasing the equivalent acoustic compliance of the first sealed cavity 10, reducing the resonance frequency of the acoustic device, and improving the low-frequency sensitivity.
  • the beneficial effect avoids the problem of simply increasing the compliance of the diaphragm material and causing the product to be unbalanced in vibration or the loss of the intermediate frequency effect, and the problem that the overall sound effect of the product cannot be balanced and improved.
  • the radiation sound wave of the flexible deformation part 30 is enclosed in the acoustic device, so as to avoid the reverse phase radiation sound wave of the flexible deformation part, which can offset the positive radiation sound wave of the sound generation unit.
  • the overall low-band sensitivity of the product has been greatly improved.
  • the FR improvement effect and the ratio of the flexible deformation part and the effective area of the diaphragm change the curve.
  • the area ratio is in the range of 0.1-4
  • the FR improvement is obvious, and when the ratio is less than 0.1, the FR improvement is not obvious.
  • the ratio is greater than 4, although the FR continues to increase, but the improvement effect is not large, and the occupied space is more obvious, the selected ratio range of 0.1-4 has obvious effect on the FR improvement.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Telephone Set Structure (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
  • Piezo-Electric Transducers For Audible Bands (AREA)
  • Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种声学装置，振动膜片后侧形成密闭的密闭腔，密闭腔被间隔部间隔成第一密闭腔和第二密闭腔；间隔部可以至少部分柔性形变，第一密闭腔邻接振动膜片，第二密闭腔远离振动膜片，第二密闭腔将柔性形变部在形变时产生的声波封闭在第二密闭腔内；柔性形变部的可以产生形变的有效形变面积与振动膜片的有效振动面积的比值大于等于10％。此外，本发明还提出一种电子设备。本发明技术方案在声学装置发声时，振动膜片与柔性形变部同时振动，通过调节振动膜片与柔性形变部的面积比例，使得柔性形变部在振动的过程中将第一密闭腔的等效容积调整至最佳化，从而提高第一密闭腔的等效声顺，降低声学装置的共振频率。

Description

声学装置及电子设备 技术领域
本发明涉及声学控制技术领域，特别涉及一种声学装置以及一种电子设备。
背景技术
一方面，传统结构的声学系统(现有技术1)包括封闭箱体和设置在封闭箱体上的发声单元，由于声学系统中的的腔室的容积限制，声学系统尤其是小型声学系统很难实现能令人满意地再现低音的效果。为了改善这一问题，一种做法是在声学系统的箱体上设置被动辐射体(现有技术2)，如图1所示，10为发声单元，20为声学系统的箱体，30为被动辐射体，发声单元和被动辐射体同时对外辐射声音，利用被动辐射体与箱体在特定频点fp(共振频率点)形成强烈共振的原理，对共振频率点fp附近局部灵敏度进行增强(例如，参见专利CN1939086A)。但采用这种方式时，在fp以下频段，被动辐射体与发声单元声波相位相反，声波相互抵消，被动辐射体对声学系统灵敏度起负面作用。另一种做法是将吸音材料(例如活性炭、沸石等)设置于声学系统的箱体内，用于吸附或脱附箱体内的气体，起到容积增大进而降低低频谐振频率的效果,但在箱体中添加吸音材料的方案，需要实现吸音材料的良好密封封装，否则如果吸音材料进入扬声器单元，则损害扬声器单元的声学性能，影响扬声器单元的使用寿命。
另一方面，伴随着终端电子装置日趋薄型化、小型化，与之相配合的发声器件的体积也必然要求越来越小。如果单纯通过增大振膜材料的顺性或增加质量来改善低频，虽然可以达到提升低音的效果，但是也会带来产品振动不平衡或中频效果损失的后果，无法实现产品整体音效的平衡提升。可见，对于小体积的发声器件，因受自身体积限制，难以达到理想的低音效果。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的是提供一种声学装置，旨在解决现有技术中单纯通过增大振膜材料的顺性或增加质量来改善低频，使得产品振动不平衡或中频效果损失，无法实现产品整体音效的平衡提升的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提出一种声学装置，包括发声单元，所述发声单元包括振动膜片，所述声学装置上设置有出声口，所述振动膜片前侧的声波通过所述出声口对外辐射；所述振动膜片后侧形成密闭的密闭腔，所述密闭腔被间隔部间隔成第一密闭腔和第二密闭腔；其中，所述间隔部可以至少部分柔性形变，所述第一密闭腔邻接所述振动膜片，所述第二密闭腔远离所述振动膜片，所述第二密闭腔将所述柔性形变部在形变时产生的声波封闭在所述第二密闭腔内；
其中，所述柔性形变部的可以产生形变的有效形变面积与所述振动膜片的有效振动面积的比值大于等于10％。
优选的，所述柔性形变部的可以产生形变的有效形变面积与所述振动膜片的有效振动面积的比值范围为0.1～4。
优选的，所述柔性形变部的可以产生形变的有效面积为15mm 2～486mm 2。
优选地，所述振动膜片的有效振动面积小于或等于600mm 2。
优选地，所述柔性形变部与所述振动膜片的形变拉长范围为0mm～1mm。
优选地，所述柔性形变部的全部或局部区域的杨氏模量小于等于8000Mpa。
优选地，所述柔性形变部的全部或局部区域至少采用TPU、TPEE、LCP、PAR、PC、PA、PPA、PEEK、PEI、PEN、PES、PET、PI、PPS、PPSU、PSU、硅胶和橡胶中的至少一种。
优选地，所述第二密闭腔的容积大于所述第一密闭腔的容积。
优选地，所述第一密闭腔和/或所述第二密闭腔内设置有多孔性吸音材料，所述吸音材料用以增大所述密闭腔的等效容积。
优选地，所述多孔性吸音材料由活性炭、沸石、二氧化硅(SiO2)、矾土(Al2O3)、氧化锆(ZrO2)、氧化镁(MgO)、四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)、分子筛、球壳状碳分子及碳纳米管、吸音棉中的任一种或者几种构成。
优选地，所述声学装置包括第一壳体，所述发声单元安装在所述第一壳体上形成发声组件，所述发声单元的振动膜片与所述第一壳体之间形成所述 第一密闭腔；
所述声学装置包括第二壳体，所述发声组件安装于所述第二壳体中，所述第二壳体与所述第一壳体之间形成所述第二密闭腔；
所述第一壳体的一部分形成所述间隔部。
所述第二壳体为电子设备的壳体。
此外，为解决上述问题，本发明还提出一种电子设备，所述电子设备包括如上述的声学装置，所述声学装置包括第一壳体，所述发声单元安装在所述第一壳体上形成发声组件，所述发声单元的振动膜片与所述第一壳体之间形成所述第一密闭腔；所述声学装置还包括第二壳体，所述发声组件安装于所述第二壳体中，所述第二壳体与所述第一壳体之间形成所述第二密闭腔；
所述第一壳体的一部分形成所述间隔部；
所述第二壳体为电子设备的壳体。
本发明技术方案通过调整所述振动膜片与所述柔性形变部的面积比例，根据不同面积的所述振动膜片，设置不同面积的所述柔性形变部。所述声学装置发声时，所述振动膜片振动与所述柔性形变部同时振动，通过调节所述振动膜片与所述柔性形变部的面积比例，使得所述柔性形变部在振动的过程中将所述第一密闭腔的等效容积调整至最佳化，从而提高所述第一密闭腔的等效声顺，降低所述声学装置的共振频率，实现提升低频灵敏度的有益效果，避免单纯增大振膜材料的顺性使得产品振动不平衡或中频效果损失，无法实现产品整体音效的平衡提升的问题。同时通过对发声单元和柔性形变部隔离设计，将柔性形变部的辐射声波封闭于声学装置内部，避免柔性形变部的反相位辐射声波，对发声单元的正向辐射声波造成抵消影响，进而整体上较大幅度提升产品的低频段灵敏度。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图示出的结构获得其他的附图。
图1是现有技术2设置被动辐射体的声学装置的结构示意图；
图2是现有技术2设置被动辐射体的声学装置与现有技术1传统结构的声学装置在不同频率下响度的测试曲线(SPL曲线)；
图3为本发明声学装置一实施例的结构示意图；
图4为本发明声学装置又一实施例的结构示意图；
图5为本发明声学装置的FR提升效果，与柔性形变部和膜片有效面积的比值变化曲线
附图标号说明：
标号 名称 标号 名称
10 第一密闭腔 20 第二密闭腔
30 柔性形变部 40 吸音材料
50 间隔部 60 振动膜片
70 出声通道 71 出声口
本发明目的的实现、功能特点及优点将结合实施例，参照附图做进一步说明。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明，本发明实施例中所有方向性指示(诸如上、下、左、右、前、后……)仅用于解释在某一特定姿态(如附图所示)下各部件之间的相对位置关系、运动情况等，如果该特定姿态发生改变时，则该方向性指示也相应地随之改变。
另外，在本发明中涉及“第一”、“第二”等的描述仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示其相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。另外，各个实施例之间的技术方案可以相互结合，但是必须是以 本领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础，当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应当认为这种技术方案的结合不存在，也不在本发明要求的保护范围之内。
本发明实提出了一种声学装置，请参照图3，所述声学装置包括：发声单元，所述发声单元包括振动膜片60，所述声学装置上设置有出声口，所述振动膜片60前侧的声波通过所述出声口对外辐射；所述振动膜片60后侧形成密闭的密闭腔，所述密闭腔被间隔部50间隔成第一密闭腔10和第二密闭腔20；其中，所述间隔部50可以至少部分柔性形变，所述第一密闭腔10邻接所述振动膜片60，所述第二密闭腔20远离所述振动膜片60，所述第二密闭腔20将所述柔性形变部30在形变时产生的声波封闭在所述第二密闭腔20内；其中，所述柔性形变部30可以产生形变的有效形变面积与所述振动膜片60的有效振动面积的比值大于等于10％；所述柔性形变部30的可以产生形变的有效形变面积与所述振动膜片60的有效振动面积的比值范围为0.1～4。
在本实施例中，所述第一密闭腔10的腔壁上设有具有容纳空间的开口，所述发声单元对应安装于该开口处。组配后，所述发声单元的振动膜片60一面位于远离所述第一密闭腔10的一侧，另一面位于所述第一密闭腔10内，所述振动膜片60振动时，产生的声波通过振动膜片60的前侧向外界辐射。
在所述间隔部50上设置有所述柔性形变部30，在所述发声单元发声时，所述振动膜片60振动，将声音传递至所述第一密闭腔10内。此时，所述第一密闭腔10内则产生声压，所述柔性形变部30在振动的过程中随着第一密闭腔10内的声压变化而产生形变，以实现对所述第一密闭腔10体积的柔性调节。例如，柔性形变部30朝向所述第一密闭腔10凸起时，所述第一密闭腔的体积增大。在上述柔性形变部30调节所述第一密闭腔10的过程中，当所述柔性形变部30的面积越大，其振动过程中对所述第一密闭腔10体积的影响越大，也即当所述柔性形变部30振动的幅度一定时，面积越大的所述变形件30振动使得所述第一密闭腔10的体积增幅越大；相反，当所述柔性形变部30的面积越小，其振动过程中对所述第一密闭腔10体积的影响越小。当所述振动膜片60与所述柔性形变部30的体积达到一定比例时，所述柔性形变部30振动，还能够消耗所述振动膜片60的后腔内不同频段的振动能量，从而大大减小了声学装置在发生件振动发生时产生的共振现象，有效改善声音的失真问题，提高 了声学性能；然而当小于该比例时，也即柔性形变部30面积太小导致顺性不足，且对第一密闭腔10的容积的调节影响较小，从而对低频段灵敏度的提升微弱；当大于该比例时，则空间占用与性能收益比大幅降低，又会导致所述柔性形变部30与所述振动膜片60之间振动不平衡或中频效果损失的后果，无法实现产品整体音效的平衡提升。
通过调整所述柔性形变部30的面积大小，也即调整所述柔性形变部30的可以产生形变的有效形变面积与所述振动膜片60的有效振动面积比，能够更加精确的调整所述第一密闭腔10的等效容积，间接增强了所述第一密闭腔10内等效声顺最佳适应性，从而实现提升低频灵敏度的有益效果，避免单纯增大振膜材料的顺性使得产品振动不平衡或中频效果损失的后果，无法实现产品整体音效的平衡提升的问题。本实施例优选地，所述柔性形变部30的可以产生形变的有效形变面积与所述振动膜片60的有效振动面积的比值大于等于10％；所述柔性形变部30的可以产生形变的有效形变面积与所述振动膜片60的有效振动面积的比值范围通常选取0.1～4。
具体的，本发明的所述第二密闭腔20将所述间隔部50包围在一个密闭空间中，与所述振动膜片60的外侧间隔开，采用所述第二密闭腔20将设置在所述间隔部50的柔性形变部30围合在一个密闭空间内，与所述振动膜片60的发声方向隔离，柔性形变部30的辐射声波封闭于所述第二密闭腔20内部，避免柔性形变部30的反相位辐射声波，对振动膜片60的正向辐射声波造成抵消影响，进而整体上较大幅度提升产品的低频段灵敏度。
本发明技术方案通过调整所述振动膜片60与所述柔性形变部30的面积比例，根据不同面积的所述振动膜片60，设置不同面积的所述柔性形变部30。所述声学装置发声时，所述振动膜片60振动与所述柔性形变部30同时振动，通过调节所述振动膜片60与所述柔性形变部30的面积比例，使得所述柔性形变部30在振动的过程中将所述第一密闭腔10的等效容积调整至最佳化，从而提高所述第一密闭腔10的等效声顺，降低所述声学装置的共振频率，实现提升低频灵敏度的有益效果，避免单纯增大振膜材料的顺性使得产品振动不平衡或中频效果损失的后果，无法实现产品整体音效的平衡提升的问题。同时通过对发声单元和柔性形变部30隔离设计，将柔性形变部30的辐射声波封闭于声学装置内部，避免柔性形变部的反相位辐射声波，对发声单元的正向辐 射声波造成抵消影响，进而整体上较大幅度提升产品的低频段灵敏度。
具体的，所述柔性形变部30的面积通常为15mm 2～486mm 2，所述振动膜片60的面积通常小于或等于600mm 2。在实际运用中，通过调整所述柔性形变部30与所述振动膜片60的面积比例以提高所述声学装置的低音频段响度。也即通过调整所述振动膜片60的顺性与所述第一密闭腔10的顺性，从而决定所述声学装置的整体顺性或等效声顺，当所述振动膜片60与所述柔性形变部30的顺性越大，使得所述声学装置整体顺性越大，从而降低所述声学装置的最低谐振频率(F0)。进而保证所述声学装置低音频段的响度能够有效提高。
具体的，所述柔性形变部与所述振动膜片的形变拉长范围为0mm～1mm。所述柔性形变部30为由热塑性弹性体材料制成的单层结构或者由至少一种热塑性弹性体材料制成的多层复合结构，从而满足在各个不同功率情况下，所述柔性形变部30的位移量能够满足调节所述第一密闭腔10体积。通常其拉伸的最大限度为1mm。例如，当功率较高时，所述柔性形变部30的形变位移量则较大，当功率较低时，所述柔性形变部30的形变位移量则较小。根据所述柔性形变部30的形变位移量大小不同，所述第一密闭腔10所调节的体积变化也不同，只需保证所述柔性形变部30的最大位移量能够满足最高功率时平衡所述第一密闭腔10与所述第二密闭腔20之间的气压值即可。
其中，所述热塑性弹性体材料包括TPU、TPEE、LCP、PAR、PC、PA、PPA、PEEK、PEI、PEN、PES、PET、PI、PPS、PPSU、PSU、硅胶和橡胶中的至少一种。基于热塑性弹性体材料具有一定的柔度，受振动影响时容易发生形变，如此所述柔性形变部可对所述第一密闭腔的体积进行调节。
具体的，所述柔性形变部30的全部或局部区域的杨氏模量小于等于8000Mpa。所述柔性形变部30至少局部区域的杨氏模量或强度小于所述第一密闭腔10的腔壁和/或所述第二密闭腔20的腔壁的杨氏模量或强度，本实施例优选地，所述柔性形变部30的全部或局部区域的杨氏模量小于等于8000Mpa，在该杨氏模量下所述柔性形变部30的强度较小且顺性较大，能够产生有效变形，实现调节所述第一密闭腔10的容积大小，从而增加所述第一密闭腔10等效声顺，有效降低声学装置共振频率，提升低频灵敏度。当所述柔性形变部30的杨氏模量高于8000Mpa时，所述柔性形变部22的强度较大， 变形幅度较小，从而导致对调整低频段灵敏度的效果不明显。
具体的，所述第二密闭腔20的容积大于所述第一密闭腔10的容积。该设计可以使所述柔性形变部30的变形更加容易，更加有利于增加第一密闭腔10的等效声顺，有效降低声学装置共振频率，提升低频灵敏度。
进一步地，所述第一密闭腔10和/或所述第二密闭腔20内设置有多孔性吸音材料40，所述吸音材料40用以增大所述第一密闭腔和/或所述第二密闭腔20的等效容积。
需要说明的时，具体实施时，多孔性所述吸音材料40还可以设置在第二密闭腔20的腔体内，而多孔性所述吸音材料40的种类则可以灵活选择，例如可以由活性炭、沸石、二氧化硅(SiO2)、矾土(Al2O3)、氧化锆(ZrO2)、氧化镁(MgO)、四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)、分子筛、球壳状碳分子及碳纳米管、吸音棉中的任一种或者几种构成。
具体的，所述声学装置包括第一壳体，所述发声单元安装在所述第一壳体上形成发声组件，所述发声单元的振动膜片60与所述第一壳体之间形成所述第一密闭腔10；所述声学装置包括第二壳体，所述发声组件安装于所述第二壳体中，所述第二壳体与所述第一壳体之间形成所述第二密闭腔20；所述第一壳体的一部分形成所述间隔部50。所述第二壳体为电子设备的壳体。
在本发明中，所述第一密闭腔10和所述第二密闭腔20可以由所述声学装置的壳体组成，例如所述第二壳体围合成第二密闭腔20，所述第一壳体或间隔部50设置在所述第二密闭腔20内，以在所述第二密闭腔20隔离出所述第一密闭腔10；或者，所述声学装置还包括第一壳体，所述第一壳体围合成所述第一密闭腔10，也即所述第一壳体的一部分形成所述间隔部50，所述声学装置安装在电子设备上时，所述第一壳体安装在所述电子设备的第二壳体上时，所述第一壳体以及所述第一密闭腔10位于所述电子设备的外壳内，所述电子设备的第二壳体与所述第一壳体围合成所述第二密闭腔20，如将所述声学装置装设在手机内时，手机外壳与所述声学装置的第一壳体围合成所述第二密闭腔。从而实现能够充分利用电子设备内部的空间，同时节约一部分腔体壁占用的空间，更加有利于电子设备的薄型化设计。
进一步地，所述间隔部50上开设有安装孔，所述柔性形变部30覆盖所 述安装孔。所述第一密闭腔10与所述第二密闭腔20之间通过所述间隔部50隔离，所述柔性形变部30位于所述间隔部50上，可以理解的是，所述柔性形变部30可以与所述间隔部50一体设置，也即所述间隔部50部分采用柔性形变部30的材料制成，以使所述间隔部50上具有所述柔性形变部30；或者，所述柔性形变部30装设在所述间隔部50上，如所述间隔部50上开设有安装孔，所述柔性形变部30覆盖所述安装孔，如此，所述柔性形变部30一面面向所述第一密闭腔10，另一面面向所述第二密闭腔20，在所述发声件60发声时，在所述第一密闭腔10内形成振动声波，振动声波带动所述柔性形变部30在所述安装孔中振动，所述柔性形变部30在安装孔中振动的过程中，基于形变改变了所述第一密闭腔10容积，如此，增加了第一密闭腔10等效声顺，有效降低发声件共振频率，提升低频灵敏度，提升所述声学装置的低音效果。其中，所述柔性形变部30可以装设在所述安装孔内，也可以安装在所述安装孔的开口处，所述柔性形变部覆盖所述安装孔。
可选地，所述柔性形变部30的结构具有多种实施例，不同的结构具有不同的安装方式，具体实施方式如下列举：
1)所述柔性形变部包括振膜和补强件，所述振膜包括凹面，所述凹面围合有容置腔，所述补强件位于所述容置腔内，用于加强所述凹面的强度，所述容置腔的腔口周向设有固定面，所述固定面与所述间隔部固定，以使所述凹面覆盖所述安装孔。
可以理解的是，所述柔性形变部30可以装设在所述安装孔内，此时所述固定面固定在所述安装孔内壁上，具体所述安装孔内壁上设有固定部固定台阶，所述固定部固定在所述固定台阶上，所述凹面则覆盖所述安装孔，将所述柔性形变部30装设在安装孔内时，可以避免所述柔性形变部占用第一密闭腔或者第二密闭腔；当然，所述柔性形变部可以设置在所述安装孔的开口处，所述固定面与所述安装孔开口位置处的间隔部固定安装，所述凹面覆盖所述安装孔的开口。
在该实施例中间隔部为注塑料结构，所述固定面固定在所述间隔部朝向所述第一密闭腔的面上，所述凹面朝向所述第一密闭腔10，这种内贴式，可使所述柔性形变部不占用第二密闭腔20，如此可以减小所述第二密闭腔20的容积，进而减小发声组件的体积。具体地，所述固定面与所述间隔部粘贴固 定。
2)所述柔性形变部30与第一实施例相同，不同的是所述柔性形变部30的安装位置，具体地，所述固定面固定在所述间隔部朝向所述第二密闭腔的面上，所述凹面朝向所述第二密闭腔。本实施例应用于第二密闭腔20的体积较大的情形下，将所述柔性形变部30外贴在所述第二密闭腔20，防止所述柔性形变部30占用所述第一密闭腔10的容积，有利于提高所述第一密闭腔10的顺性。
3)相对于第一实施例和第二实施例，为了降低所述柔性形变部30的高度，可以设置所述柔性形变部30为柔性膜片，所述柔性膜片为平面结构，所述柔性膜片包括平面部以及位于所述平面部周向的贴合部，所述平面部和所述贴合部一体设置，所述柔性膜片通过所述贴合部贴合在所述间隔部50上，并使得所述平面部覆盖所述安装孔。
可以理解的是，所述柔性膜片还可以设置在安装孔内，此时所述贴合部固定在所述安装孔内壁上，具体所述安装孔内壁上设有固定台阶，所述贴合部固定在所述固定台阶上，所述平面部则覆盖所述安装孔，将所述柔性形变部装设在安装孔内时，可以避免所述柔性形变部占用第一密闭腔或者第二密闭腔20。
4)在第四实施例中，为了降低所述柔性形变部30的高度，还可以所述柔性膜片呈波浪状。具体所述柔性膜片包括波浪状的形变部以及位于所述形变部周向的贴合部，所述形变部通过所述贴合部贴合在所述间隔部50上，并使得所述形变部覆盖所述安装孔。同样的，所述柔性膜片也可以直接设置在所述安装孔内。本实施例所述柔性膜片呈波浪状设置，增大柔性膜片的柔性，使得柔性膜片的调节效果更佳。
进一步地，请参照图4，作为本发明的另一种实施例，所述声学装置还包括出声通道70，振动膜片60振动时产生的声波经由该出声通道70从出声口71处向外辐射。定义振动膜片60向外界辐射声波的一侧为振动磨片60的前 侧，与该前侧相对的一侧为后侧，振动膜片60的后侧位于所述第一密闭腔10内。具体实施时，出声口的设置方向可以正对振动膜片60的振动方向设置，也可以设置在所述出声通道70腔壁的其他任意位置上，以改变声音的传递方向，从而使本发明声学装置能够使用与更多不同场合，提高其广泛适应性。在本实施例中，出声口71即设置在发声装置的侧部，声音经过出声通道70由侧部发发出。
此外，为解决上述问题，本发明还提出一种电子设备，所述电子设备包如上述的声学装置，所述声学装置包括第一壳体，所述发声单元安装在所述第一壳体上形成发声组件，所述发声单元的振动膜片与所述第一壳体之间形成所述第一密闭腔10；所述声学装置还包括第二壳体，所述发声组件安装于所述第二壳体中，所述第二壳体与所述第一壳体之间形成所述第二密闭腔20；所述第一壳体的一部分形成所述间隔部50；所述第二壳体为电子设备的壳体。
在本发明中，所述第一密闭腔10和所述第二密闭腔20可以由所述声学装置的壳体组成，例如所述第二壳体围合成第二密闭腔20，所述第一壳体或间隔部50设置在所述第二密闭腔20内，以在所述第二密闭腔20隔离出所述第一密闭腔10；或者，所述声学装置还包括第一壳体，所述第一壳体围合成所述第一密闭腔10，也即所述第一壳体的一部分形成所述间隔部50，所述声学装置安装在电子设备上时，所述第一壳体安装在所述电子设备的第二壳体上时，所述第一壳体以及所述第一密闭腔10位于所述电子设备的外壳内，所述电子设备的第二壳体与所述第一壳体围合成所述第二密闭腔20，如将所述声学装置装设在手机内时，手机外壳与所述声学装置的第一壳体围合成所述第二密闭腔20。从而实现能够充分利用电子设备内部的空间，同时节约一部分腔体壁占用的空间，更加有利于电子设备的薄型化设计。
本发明技术方案通过调整所述振动膜片60与所述柔性形变部30的面积比例，根据不同面积的所述振动膜片60，设置不同面积的所述柔性形变部30。所述声学装置发声时，所述振动膜片60振动与所述柔性形变部30同时振动，通过调节所述振动膜片60与所述柔性形变部30的面积比例，使得所述柔性形变部30在振动的过程中将所述第一密闭腔10的体积调整至最佳化，从而提高所述第一密闭腔10的等效声顺，降低所述声学装置的共振频率，实现提 升低频灵敏度的有益效果，避免单纯增大振膜材料的顺性使得产品振动不平衡或中频效果损失的后果，无法实现产品整体音效的平衡提升的问题。同时通过对发声单元和柔性形变部30隔离设计，将柔性形变部30的辐射声波封闭于声学装置内部，避免柔性形变部的反相位辐射声波，对发声单元的正向辐射声波造成抵消影响，进而整体上较大幅度提升产品的低频段灵敏度。
如图5所示的FR提升效果，与柔性形变部和膜片有效面积的比值变化曲线，当面积比例在0.1-4这个范围内的时候FR的提升明显，当比例小于0.1时候FR提升不明显，当比例大于4时虽然FR继续提升，但提升效果不大，且占用空间较明显，选定比值范围为0.1-4对FR提升效果明显。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是在本发明的发明构思下，利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构变换，或直接/间接运用在其他相关的技术领域均包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种声学装置，包括发声单元，所述发声单元包括振动膜片，所述声学装置上设置有出声口，所述振动膜片前侧的声波通过所述出声口对外辐射；其特征在于，
    所述振动膜片后侧形成密闭的密闭腔，所述密闭腔被间隔部间隔成第一密闭腔和第二密闭腔；其中，所述间隔部可以至少部分柔性形变，所述第一密闭腔邻接所述振动膜片，所述第二密闭腔远离所述振动膜片，所述第二密闭腔将所述柔性形变部在形变时产生的声波封闭在所述第二密闭腔内；
    其中，所述柔性形变部的可以产生形变的有效形变面积与所述振动膜片的有效振动面积的比值大于等于10％。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的声学装置，其特征在于，所述柔性形变部的可以产生形变的有效形变面积与所述振动膜片的有效振动面积的比值范围为0.1～4。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的声学装置，其特征在于，所述柔性形变部的可以产生形变的有效面积为15mm 2～486mm 2。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的声学装置，其特征在于，所述振动膜片的有效振动面积小于或等于600mm 2。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的声学装置，其特征在于，所述柔性形变部与所述振动膜片的形变拉长范围为0mm～1mm。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的声学装置，其特征在于，所述柔性形变部的全部或局部区域的杨氏模量小于等于8000Mpa。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的声学装置，其特征在于，所述柔性形变部的全部或局部区域至少采用TPU、TPEE、LCP、PAR、PC、PA、PPA、PEEK、PEI、 PEN、PES、PET、PI、PPS、PPSU、PSU、硅胶和橡胶中的至少一种。
  8. 如权利要求1至7任一项所述的声学装置，其特征在于，所述第二密闭腔的容积大于所述第一密闭腔的容积。
  9. 如权利要求1至7任一项所述的声学装置，其特征在于，所述第一密闭腔和/或所述第二密闭腔内设置有多孔性吸音材料，所述吸音材料用以增大所述密闭腔的等效容积。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的声学装置，其特征在于，所述多孔性吸音材料由活性炭、沸石、二氧化硅(SiO2)、矾土(Al2O3)、氧化锆(ZrO2)、氧化镁(MgO)、四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)、分子筛、球壳状碳分子及碳纳米管、吸音棉中的任一种或者几种构成。
  11. 根据权利要求1至7任一所述的声学装置，其特征在于，所述声学装置包括第一壳体，所述发声单元安装在所述第一壳体上形成发声组件，所述发声单元的振动膜片与所述第一壳体之间形成所述第一密闭腔；
    所述声学装置包括第二壳体，所述发声组件安装于所述第二壳体中，所述第二壳体与所述第一壳体之间形成所述第二密闭腔；
    所述第一壳体的一部分形成所述间隔部。
    所述第二壳体为电子设备的壳体。
  12. 一种电子设备，其特征在于：所述电子设备包括如权利要求1-11所述的声学装置；
    所述声学装置包括第一壳体，所述发声单元安装在所述第一壳体上形成发声组件，所述发声单元的振动膜片与所述第一壳体之间形成所述第一密闭腔；所述声学装置还包括第二壳体，所述发声组件安装于所述第二壳体中，所述第二壳体与所述第一壳体之间形成所述第二密闭腔；
    所述第一壳体的一部分形成所述间隔部；
    所述第二壳体为电子设备的壳体。
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