WO2020125240A1 - 有机电致发光材料及其应用 - Google Patents

有机电致发光材料及其应用 Download PDF

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WO2020125240A1
WO2020125240A1 PCT/CN2019/115179 CN2019115179W WO2020125240A1 WO 2020125240 A1 WO2020125240 A1 WO 2020125240A1 CN 2019115179 W CN2019115179 W CN 2019115179W WO 2020125240 A1 WO2020125240 A1 WO 2020125240A1
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organic electroluminescent
layer
organic
electroluminescent material
material according
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PCT/CN2019/115179
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French (fr)
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李慧杨
戴雷
蔡丽菲
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广东阿格蕾雅光电材料有限公司
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Priority to JP2021527099A priority Critical patent/JP7102617B2/ja
Priority to KR1020217013131A priority patent/KR102597705B1/ko
Priority to US17/298,003 priority patent/US20220115599A1/en
Priority to DE112019005126.1T priority patent/DE112019005126T5/de
Publication of WO2020125240A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020125240A1/zh

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  • the invention relates to the field of organic electroluminescent materials, in particular to an electroluminescent material containing pyrazine and cyano group and its application.
  • OLEDs organic light-emitting diodes
  • OLED devices have the characteristics of self-luminescence, wide viewing angle, short reaction time and flexible devices that can be prepared, and have become a strong competitor of next-generation display and lighting technologies.
  • OLED still has the problems of low efficiency and short life, which need to be further studied.
  • a high-efficiency PHOLED device usually has a multilayer structure, including a cathode, an anode, and an organic layer, the organic layer being one of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron injection layer, and an electron transport layer
  • the advantage is that it can easily adjust the process of carrier injection, transmission and recombination to improve carrier transmission and recombination efficiency.
  • TCNQF4 is often used as a hole injection layer, which can effectively promote the injection of holes and reduce the driving voltage.
  • TCNQF4 due to its small molecular weight and good volatility, it is easy to contaminate the vapor deposition instrument and devices during the vapor deposition process.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an organic electroluminescent material containing pyrazine and cyano, which can effectively reduce the device voltage and improve the efficiency.
  • Organic electroluminescent materials are compounds with the structure of formula (I):
  • B is selected from O, S, NR 1 , R 1 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C40 heteroaryl, C6-C40 aromatic;
  • X 1 -X 4 are independently selected from N, CR 2 , and R 2 is selected from hydrogen, deuterium, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C40 heteroaryl, C6-C40 aromatic.
  • B is selected from O, S, NR 1 , R 1 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C9 heteroaryl, C6-C14 aromatic;
  • X 1 -X 4 are independently selected from N, CR 2 , R 2 is selected from hydrogen, deuterium, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C9 heteroaryl, C6-C14 aromatic.
  • B is selected from O, S, NR 1 , R 1 is selected from methyl, phenyl, tolyl, naphthyl, pyridyl;
  • X 1 -X 4 are independently selected from N and CH.
  • B is selected from O, S, NR 1 , R 1 is selected from methyl, phenyl, pyridyl;
  • X 1 -X 4 are independently selected from N, CH.
  • B is selected from O, S, NR 1 , R 1 is selected from methyl, phenyl, pyridyl;
  • 0-2 of X1-X4 are N, and the rest are CH.
  • the light-emitting material of the formula (I) of the present invention is the following 1-18 compounds, but is not limited to the listed structures:
  • the above compounds can be used in organic electroluminescent devices, electroluminescent devices, organic field effect transistors, organic solar cells and chemical sensors.
  • the present invention does not specifically limit the preparation method of the compound described in the chemical formula (I).
  • Typical but non-limiting compounds are As an illustrative example, its synthesis and preparation methods are as follows:
  • the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention includes a cathode, an anode, and an organic layer.
  • the organic layer is a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron injection layer, and an electron transport layer.
  • One or more layers, these organic layers need not be present in every layer.
  • At least one layer of the hole injection layer, hole transport layer, hole blocking layer, light emitting layer and/or electron transport layer contains the compound of formula (I).
  • the layer of the compound described in structural formula (1) is a hole injection layer or an electron transport layer.
  • the total thickness of the organic layer of the device of the present invention is 1-1000 nm, preferably 1-500 nm, and more preferably 5-300 nm.
  • the organic layer can be formed into a thin film by evaporation or solution method.
  • the experimental results show that the organic electroluminescent material in the present invention can effectively reduce the device voltage while improving the photoelectric efficiency of the device, and has the potential to be applied to the field of organic electroluminescent devices.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of an organic electroluminescent device of the present invention
  • 10 represents a glass substrate
  • 20 represents an anode
  • 30 represents a hole injection layer
  • 40 represents a hole transport layer
  • 50 represents a light emitting layer
  • 60 represents an electron transport layer
  • 70 represents an electron injection layer
  • 80 represents a cathode.
  • compound 1a (3.3g, 10.0mmol) (synthesis with reference to WO2007/149478), benzofuran-2-borate 1b (5.2g, 21.0mmol) (synthesis with reference to US2009/54454), Pd (PPh 3 ) 4 (0.58 g, 0.5 mmol), K 2 CO 3 (6.9 g, 50.0 mmol), tetrahydrofuran (30 mL), and water (5 mL) were sequentially added to the Schlenk tube. Heat to 80°C and react for 24 hours.
  • compound 1c (1.5 g, 3.8 mmol) was dissolved in oxalyl chloride (20 mL), and DMF (0.5 mL) was added dropwise and heated to reflux for 6 hours.
  • the oxalyl chloride was distilled off under reduced pressure, the residue was dissolved in dichloromethane, cooled to 0°C, aluminum trichloride (20.0 g, 15 mmol) was added, and gradually raised to room temperature and stirred for 24 hours.
  • the reaction solution was added to hydrochloric acid (2M, 20 mL), stirred for 1 hour, and filtered to obtain a purple-red solid (1.1 g, yield 80%).
  • the organic light-emitting material of the present invention is used to prepare an electroluminescent device.
  • the device structure is shown in FIG.
  • the transparent conductive ITO glass substrate 10 (with the anode 20 on it) is sequentially washed with detergent solution and deionized water, ethanol, acetone, and deionized water, and then treated with oxygen plasma for 30 seconds.
  • a hole injection layer 30 with a thickness of 10 nm was evaporated on ITO.
  • the hole injection layer was composed of compound 1 (3%) and HT1 (97%) mixed and doped.
  • the compound HT1 was evaporated to form a hole transport layer 40 having a thickness of 40 nm.
  • the light-emitting layer was composed of Ir(PPy) 3 (10%) and CBP (90%) mixed and doped.
  • the compound AlQ 3 having a thickness of 50 nm was evaporated as the electron transport layer 60 on the light-emitting layer.
  • LiF is used as the electron injection layer 70 and 100 nm Al as the device cathode 80.
  • HT1 with a thickness of 10 nm was deposited as a hole injection layer, and the remaining layers were the same as those described in Example 2, and organic light-emitting devices were prepared according to the same method.
  • the power efficiency of the organic electroluminescent device prepared by using the compound doping of the present invention is significantly better than that of the comparative example, and the turn-on voltage can be reduced, which is of great significance for optimizing the performance of organic optoelectronic devices.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种有机电致发光材料及其应用。本发明的有机电致发光材料含有吡嗪和氰基,具有化学式(I)结构。使用本发明中的化合物掺杂制备有机电致发光器件能够显著提高功率效率,并且可以降低启亮电压。

Description

有机电致发光材料及其应用 技术领域
本发明涉及有机电致发光材料领域,具体涉及一种含有吡嗪和氰基的电致发光材料及其应用。
背景技术
近年来,有机发光二极管(OLED)作为一种有巨大应用前景的照明、显示技术,受到了学术界与产业界的广泛关注。OLED器件具有自发光、广视角、反应时间短及可制备柔性器件等特性,成为下一代显示、照明技术的有力竞争者。但目前OLED仍然存在效率低、寿命短等问题,有待人们进一步研究。
自1998年Forrest等人报道电致磷光器件(PHOLED)以来,有机电致发光器件已经实现了在产业上的应用。其优势在于突破了有机电致发光量子效率小于25%的限制,将量子产率提升至了100%。高效PHOLED器件通常为多层结构,包括阴极、阳极和有机层,所述有机层为空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、空穴阻挡层、电子注入层、电子传输层中的一层或多层,这些有机层不必每层都存在,可根据实际情况增加或减少部分有机层。其优点在于可以方便地调节载流子注入、传输及复合等过程,以提高载流子传输和复合效率。
有机电致发光器件性能优化的一个重要方面在于调节相邻有机功能层之间的电荷注入,来促进激子的形成,从而提高发光效率。TCNQF4常被用作空穴注入层,可有效地促进空穴的注入,降低驱动电压。但由于其分子量较小,具有很好的挥发性,导致在蒸镀过程中容易污染蒸镀仪和器件。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种含有吡嗪和氰基的有机电致发光材料,该类材料可以有效地降低器件电压,同时提升效率。
有机电致发光材料,为具有式(I)结构的化合物:
Figure PCTCN2019115179-appb-000001
其中:
B选自O、S、NR 1,R 1选自C1-C6的烷基、C3-C40的杂芳基、C6-C40的芳香基;
X 1-X 4独立地选自N、CR 2,R 2选自氢、氘、C1-C6的烷基、C3-C40的杂芳基、C6-C40的芳香基。
优选地,B选自O、S、NR 1,R 1选自C1-C6的烷基、C3-C9的杂芳基、C6-C14的芳香基;
X 1-X 4独立地选自N、CR 2,R 2选自氢、氘、C1-C6的烷基、C3-C9的杂芳基、C6-C14的芳香基。
优选地,B选自O、S、NR 1,R 1选自甲基、苯基、甲苯基、萘基、吡啶基;
X 1-X 4独立地选自N、CH。
更优选地,B选自O、S、NR 1,R 1选自甲基、苯基、吡啶基;
X 1-X 4独立地选自N、C H。
更优选地,B选自O、S、NR 1,R 1选自甲基、苯基、吡啶基;
X1-X4中有0-2个为N,其余为C H。
进一步优选,本发明的式(I)所述的发光材料为如下1-18化合物,但不限于所列举的结构:
Figure PCTCN2019115179-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2019115179-appb-000003
上述化合物可以应用在有机电致发光器件,力致发光器件,有机场效应晶体管,有机太阳能电池和化学传感器中。
本发明对化学式(I)所述化合物的制备方法不做具体限定,典型但非限制性的以化合物
Figure PCTCN2019115179-appb-000004
作为示例性实例,其合成与制备方法如下:
合成路线:
Figure PCTCN2019115179-appb-000005
合成方法:
反应物1a(1eq)和苯并呋喃-2-硼酸酯1b(2.1eq)在氮气保护下经Pd催化的偶联反应得到中间体1c。1c经分子内关环反应得中间体1d,随后经缩合反应即得化合物1。
本领域的技术人员应该明了,上述制备方法只是一个示范性例子。本领域的技术人员可以通过对其技术改进获得本发明中的其他化合物。
本发明中的有机电致发光器件,包括阴极、阳极和有机层,所述有机层为空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、空穴阻挡层、电子注入层、电子传输层中的一层或多层,这些有机层不必每层都存在。
所述空穴注入层、空穴传输层、空穴阻挡层、发光层和/或电子传输层中至少有一层含有式(I)所述的化合物。
优选地,结构式(1)所述的化合物所在层为空穴注入层或电子传输层。
本发明的器件有机层的总厚度为1-1000nm,优选1-500nm,更优选5-300nm。
所述有机层可以通过蒸渡或溶液法形成薄膜。
实验结果表明,本发明中的有机电致发光材料,可以有效地降低器件电压,同时提升器件的光电效率,有潜力应用于有机电致发光器件领域。
附图说明
图1为本发明的有机电致发光器件结构图,
其中10代表为玻璃基板,20代表为阳极,30代表为空穴注入层,40代表为空穴传输层,50代表发光层,60代表电子传输层,70代表电子注入层,80代表为阴极。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例,对本发明做进一步的详细说明。
实施例1
化合物1的合成
Figure PCTCN2019115179-appb-000006
中间体1c的合成:
氮气保护下,将化合物1a(3.3g,10.0mmol)(参考专利WO2007/149478合成)、苯并呋喃-2-硼酸酯1b(5.2g,21.0mmol)(参考专利US2009/54454合成)、Pd(PPh 3) 4(0.58g,0.5mmol)、K 2CO 3(6.9g,50.0mmol)、四氢呋喃(30mL)和水(5mL)依次加入Schlenk管中。加热至80℃,反应24小时。冷至室温后,将上述反应液加入水中,盐酸调pH至中性,析出浅黄色固体,经正己烷甲醇重结晶得中间体1c(2.5g,产率62%)。
化合物1d的合成:
氮气保护下,将化合物1c(1.5g,3.8mmol)溶于草酰氯(20mL),滴加DMF(0.5mL)加热至回流反应6小时。减压蒸除草酰氯,将剩余物溶于二氯甲烷中,冷却至0℃,加入三氯化铝(20.0g,15mmol),逐渐升至室温搅拌24小时。将反应液加入盐酸(2M,20mL)中,搅拌1小时,过滤得紫红色固体(1.1g,产率80%)。
化合物1的合成:
氮气保护下,将化合物1d(1.0g,3.8mmol)和丙二腈(3.3g,50mmol)溶于吡啶(50mL)中,室温搅拌过夜。过滤得紫色固体,甲醇重结晶得化合物1(0.6g,产率34%)。ESI-MS(m/z): 461.1(M+1).
实施例2
使用本发明的有机发光材料制备电致发光器件,器件结构见图1。
首先,将透明导电ITO玻璃基板10(上面带有阳极20)依次经:洗涤剂溶液和去离子水,乙醇,丙酮,去离子水洗净,再用氧等离子处理30秒。
然后,在ITO上蒸渡10nm厚的空穴注入层30,空穴注入层由化合物1(3%)与HT1(97%)混合掺杂组成。
然后,蒸渡化合物HT1,形成40nm厚的空穴传输层40。
然后,在空穴传输层上蒸渡30nm厚的发光层50,发光层由Ir(PPy) 3(10%)与CBP(90%)混合掺杂组成。
然后,在发光层上蒸渡50nm厚的化合物AlQ 3作为电子传输层60。
最后,蒸渡1nm LiF为电子注入层70和100nm Al作为器件阴极80。
对比例
蒸镀10nm厚的HT1作为空穴注入层,其余各层同实施例2中描述,依照相同方法制备有机发光器件。
器件中所述化合物结构式如下:
Figure PCTCN2019115179-appb-000007
实施例2及比较例中有机电致发光器件的性能参数如下表:
发光器件 空穴注入层 最大功率效率(lm/W) 启亮电压(V) 发光颜色
实施例2 化合物1(3%)/HT1(97%) 51.2 3.2 绿光
对比例 HT1 37.8 3.9 绿光
同等条件下,使用本发明中的化合物掺杂制备的有机电致发光器件的功率效率显著优于比较例,并且可以降低启亮电压,对有机光电器件性能的优化有重要意义。
上述多种实施方案仅作为示例,不用于限制本发明范围。在不偏离本发明精神的前提下,本发明中的多种材料和结构可以用其它材料和结构替代。应当理解,本领域的技术人员无需创造性的劳动就可以根据本发明的思路做出许多修改和变化。因此,技术人员在现有技术基础上通过分析、推理或者部分研究可以得到的技术方案,均应在权利要求书所限制的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 有机电致发光材料,为具有式(I)结构的化合物:
    Figure PCTCN2019115179-appb-100001
    其中:
    B选自O、S、NR 1,R 1选自C1-C6的烷基、C3-C40的杂芳基、C6-C40的芳香基;
    X 1-X 4独立地选自N、CR 2,R 2选自氢、氘、C1-C6的烷基、C3-C40的杂芳基、C6-C40的芳香基。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的有机电致发光材料,其中B选自O、S、NR 1,R 1选自C1-C6的烷基、C3-C9的杂芳基、C6-C14的芳香基;
    X 1-X 4独立地选自N、CR 2,R 2选自氢、氘、C1-C6的烷基、C3-C9的杂芳基、C6-C14的芳香基。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的有机电致发光材料,其中B选自O、S、NR 1,R 1选自甲基、苯基、甲苯基、萘基、吡啶;
    X 1-X 4独立地选自N、CR 2,R 2选自氢、氘、C1-C6的烷基、C3-C9的杂芳基、C6-C14的芳香基。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的有机电致发光材料,其中B选自O、S、NR 1,R 1选自甲基、苯基、吡啶基;X 1-X 4独立地选自N、CH。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的有机电致发光材料,其中X 1-X 4中有0-2个为N,其余的为CH。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的有机电致发光材料,为下列化合物:
    Figure PCTCN2019115179-appb-100002
    Figure PCTCN2019115179-appb-100003
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的有机电致发光材料,为下列化合物:
    Figure PCTCN2019115179-appb-100004
  8. 有机电致发光器件,包括阴极、阳极和有机层,所述有机层为空穴注入层、空穴传输层、发光层、空穴阻挡层、电子注入层、电子传输层中的一层或多层,所述有机层中含有权利要求1-7任一所述的有机电致发光材料。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的有机电致发光器件,权利要求1-7任一所述的有机电致发光材料所在层为空穴注入层或电子传输层;权利要求1-7任一所述的有机电致发光材料单独使用,或与其它化合物混合使用。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的有机电致发光器件,所述有机层的总厚度为1-1000nm,所述有机层通过蒸渡或溶液法形成薄膜。
PCT/CN2019/115179 2018-12-19 2019-11-02 有机电致发光材料及其应用 WO2020125240A1 (zh)

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