WO2020118852A1 - 锁定钢板及具有其的锁定钢板组件 - Google Patents

锁定钢板及具有其的锁定钢板组件 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020118852A1
WO2020118852A1 PCT/CN2019/072101 CN2019072101W WO2020118852A1 WO 2020118852 A1 WO2020118852 A1 WO 2020118852A1 CN 2019072101 W CN2019072101 W CN 2019072101W WO 2020118852 A1 WO2020118852 A1 WO 2020118852A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
steel plate
locking steel
elastic stop
hole
screw
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/072101
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王彩梅
Original Assignee
北京爱康宜诚医疗器材有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 北京爱康宜诚医疗器材有限公司 filed Critical 北京爱康宜诚医疗器材有限公司
Priority to US16/960,921 priority Critical patent/US11331127B2/en
Priority to EP19861303.6A priority patent/EP3692936B1/en
Publication of WO2020118852A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020118852A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/60—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like for external osteosynthesis, e.g. distractors, contractors
    • A61B17/64—Devices extending alongside the bones to be positioned
    • A61B17/6441—Bilateral fixators, i.e. with both ends of pins or wires clamped
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/80—Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates
    • A61B17/8052—Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates immobilised relative to screws by interlocking form of the heads and plate holes, e.g. conical or threaded
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/60—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like for external osteosynthesis, e.g. distractors, contractors
    • A61B17/64—Devices extending alongside the bones to be positioned
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/80—Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates
    • A61B17/8033—Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates having indirect contact with screw heads, or having contact with screw heads maintained with the aid of additional components, e.g. nuts, wedges or head covers
    • A61B17/8042—Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates having indirect contact with screw heads, or having contact with screw heads maintained with the aid of additional components, e.g. nuts, wedges or head covers the additional component being a cover over the screw head
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/82—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin for bone cerclage
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
    • A61B17/86—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
    • A61B17/8605—Heads, i.e. proximal ends projecting from bone

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of orthopedic medical devices, in particular, to a locking steel plate and a locking steel plate assembly having the same.
  • the locking steel plate is a fracture fixing device with threaded holes. After the screws with threaded heads are screwed in, the steel plate becomes a screw angle fixing device. It can have both locking and non-locking holes for different screws.
  • the steel plate that can be screwed into a fixed screw or bolt at any angle is essentially a locked steel plate.
  • the fixation of the steel plate does not rely on bone friction to achieve the connection, but completely depends on the interlocking structure of the steel plate itself. There can be a certain gap between the plate and the bone surface, which eliminates the adverse effect of the plate and bone heavy pressure contact, and greatly improves the growth and recovery of blood circulation and periosteum.
  • the main biomechanical difference from the traditional steel plate is that it relies on the friction force of the bone-steel plate interface to complete the compression of the bone by the steel plate.
  • the locked locking plate When the above locking plate is implanted into the fracture, the locked locking plate will loosen due to the growth and recovery of blood flow and periosteum, and additional components need to be added to prevent loosening.
  • the additional components pose certain risks to the growth and recovery of blood flow and periosteum.
  • the addition of additional components also makes the operation inconvenient.
  • the present invention aims to provide a locking steel plate and a locking steel plate component having the same, so as to solve the problem of inconvenience in operation when the additional components in the prior art prevent the locking steel plate from loosening.
  • a locking steel plate including: a steel plate body, a mounting hole is provided on the steel plate body, the mounting hole includes a first hole segment and a second cross-sectional area smaller than the first hole segment Two-hole section; elastic stop hook, set in the first hole section, the first end of the elastic stop hook is connected to the steel plate body, the second end of the elastic stop hook is bent toward the second hole section; the limit slot, It is arranged on the inner wall of the second end of the elastic stop hook.
  • the mounting hole further includes a step surface connecting the first hole segment and the second hole segment, and the elastic stop hook is disposed on the step surface.
  • a yield groove is formed between the outer wall of the elastic stop hook and the hole wall of the first hole segment.
  • the plurality of elastic stop hooks are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction of the mounting hole, and there is a gap between two adjacent elastic stop hooks.
  • the size of the opening of the limiting groove is smaller than the maximum size of the width of the limiting groove.
  • the inner wall surface of the elastic stop hook is an arc-shaped surface.
  • the outer wall of the second end of the elastic stop hook is provided with a guide slope.
  • the locking steel plate further includes a plurality of connection hooks provided at one end of the steel plate body, the plurality of connection hooks are arranged at intervals and facing the same direction, and the connection hooks are bent toward the surface of the steel plate body.
  • the steel plate body includes a substrate layer and a microporous structure layer.
  • the bottom of the substrate layer is provided with a thickened convex portion corresponding to the mounting hole, and the microporous structure layer is provided at a region of the substrate layer other than the thickened convex portion.
  • the bottom surface of the thick convex portion is flush with the bottom surface of the microporous structure layer.
  • a locking steel plate assembly including a locking steel plate and a screw cooperating with the locking steel plate, the locking steel plate is the aforementioned locking steel plate, the screw includes a screw head and a screw, and the screw head is accommodated in the elasticity of the locking steel plate In the stop hook, the screw rod passes through the second hole section of the locking steel plate, and the screw further includes a flange arranged on the screw head, and the flange is arranged in the limit groove.
  • a locking steel plate assembly which includes a plurality of interconnecting locking steel plates, the locking steel plate is the aforementioned locking steel plate, a groove is formed at the butting position of two adjacent locking steel plates, and the locking steel plate
  • the connecting hooks are located in the grooves, and the connecting hooks of two adjacent locking steel plates have opposite directions.
  • the locking steel plate is additionally provided with an elastic stop hook and a limit groove.
  • a mounting hole is provided on the steel plate body, and the mounting hole includes a first hole segment and a second hole segment whose cross-sectional area is smaller than the first hole segment.
  • the elastic stop hook is disposed in the first hole section, the first end of the elastic stop hook is connected to the steel plate body, and the second end of the elastic stop hook is bent toward the second hole section.
  • the limiting groove is provided on the inner wall of the second end of the elastic stop hook.
  • the elastic stop hook provided in the first hole section can lock the screw in the steel plate body, prevent the screw from withdrawing, and play a role of stopping the retreat.
  • the limit groove cooperates with the screw head of the screw to further prevent the screw from withdrawing.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of the first embodiment of the locking steel plate according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic top view of the locking steel plate of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of the locking steel plate of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of the locking steel plate of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the first embodiment of the locking steel plate assembly according to the present invention
  • FIG. 6 shows a perspective schematic view of the screw locking the steel plate assembly of FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the screw for locking the steel plate assembly of FIG. 6;
  • Embodiment 8 shows a perspective schematic view of Embodiment 2 of the locking steel plate assembly of the present invention
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the locking steel plate assembly of FIG. 8.
  • FIG. 10 shows a three-dimensional schematic view of the second embodiment of the locking steel plate of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the locking steel plate of FIG. 10 when it is engaged with a screw;
  • FIG. 12 shows a schematic structural view of the two locking steel plate components of FIG. 5 connected to the bone
  • FIG. 13 shows a schematic perspective view of the two locking steel plates of FIG. 10 cooperating
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic perspective structural view of the two locking steel plates of FIG. 13 in another direction.
  • FIG. 15 shows a schematic view of the structure in which the two locking plates and screws of FIG. 10 are connected to the bone.
  • the locking steel plate of the first embodiment includes: a steel plate body 10, an elastic stop hook 20 and a limit groove 30.
  • a mounting hole 11 is provided on the steel plate body 10, and the mounting hole 11 includes a first hole segment 111 and a second hole segment 112 whose cross-sectional area is smaller than the first hole segment 111.
  • the elastic stop hook 20 is disposed in the first hole segment 111.
  • the first end of the stop hook 20 is connected to the steel plate body 10, and the second end of the elastic stop hook 20 is bent toward the second hole section 112.
  • the limiting groove 30 is provided on the inner wall of the second end of the elastic stop hook 20.
  • the locking steel plate is additionally provided with an elastic stop hook and a limit groove.
  • the steel plate body 10 is provided with a mounting hole 11.
  • the mounting hole 11 includes a first hole segment 111 and a second hole segment 112 whose cross-sectional area is smaller than the first hole segment 111.
  • the elastic stop hook 20 is disposed in the first hole section 111, the first end of the elastic stop hook 20 is connected to the steel plate body 10, and the second end of the elastic stop hook 20 is bent toward the second hole section 112.
  • the limiting groove 30 is provided on the inner wall of the second end of the elastic stop hook 20.
  • the screw is installed in the mounting hole 11 and implanted on the bone.
  • the elastic stop hook 20 provided in the first hole segment 111 can lock the screw in the steel plate body 10, prevent the screw from withdrawing, and play a role of stopping the retreat.
  • the limiting groove 30 cooperates with the screw head of the screw to further prevent the screw from withdrawing.
  • no additional components are added to the locking steel plate, and there is no need to consider the inconvenience caused by the additional components.
  • the elastic stop hook 20 takes up little space, and the structural strength of the steel plate body 10 will not be weakened.
  • the mounting hole 11 further includes a step surface 113 connecting the first hole segment 111 and the second hole segment 112, and the elastic stop hook 20 is disposed on the step surface 113.
  • the above-mentioned setting position makes the elastic stop hook 20 easy to deform, making it easier for the screw to penetrate.
  • the elastic stop hook 20 does not protrude from the steel plate body 10, so that the elastic stop hook 20 is not easily touched.
  • the arrangement of the first hole segment 111 and the second hole segment 112 makes the elastic stop hook 20 less likely to be touched, thereby ensuring the locking effect of the screw.
  • the elastic stop hook 20 when the elastic stop hook 20 is elastically deformed, in order to prevent interference between the elastic stop hook 20 and the hole wall of the first hole segment 111, the elastic stop A certain deformation space is preferably provided on the outer circumferential side of the blocking hook 20.
  • a yielding groove 114 is formed between the outer wall of the elastic stop hook 20 and the hole wall of the first hole segment 111. The relief groove 114 forms the aforementioned deformation space.
  • the number of elastic stop hooks is not limited to three, but may be two, four or more.
  • the size of the opening of the limiting groove 30 is smaller than the maximum size of the width of the limiting groove 30. In this way, after the screw is screwed into the elastic stop hook 20, the outer edge of the screw is tightly caught in the groove of the limiting groove 30, and it is not easy to come out from the notch, thereby preventing the screw from withdrawing.
  • the cross section of the limiting groove 30 is arc-shaped, and the size of the opening of the limiting groove 30 is smaller than the diameter of the limiting groove 30.
  • the inner wall surface of the elastic stop hook 20 is an arc-shaped surface.
  • the position where the screw fits the curved surface is also curved.
  • the outer wall of the second end of the elastic stop hook 20 is provided with a guide slope 21.
  • the locking steel plate further includes two connecting hooks 12 provided at one end of the steel plate body 10.
  • the two connecting hooks 12 are arranged at intervals and facing the same direction, and the connecting hooks 12 are bent toward the surface of the steel plate body 10.
  • the locking steel plate is provided with a groove, and the groove in this structure is easy to cause the steel wire to de-groove and slip off.
  • the locking steel plate is provided with a long hole.
  • the structure of the first embodiment solves the problems of the above two methods well.
  • the coupling hook 12 and the steel wire 4 will not be grooved or slipped.
  • the coupling hook 12 and the steel wire 4 do not require the operation of threading the wire. Therefore, when the two connecting hooks 12 on the steel plate body 10 cooperate with the steel wire 4, there will be no grooving, nor the operation of threading the steel wire, but also the effect of binding or restraining the steel plate body 10.
  • the number of connection hooks provided on the steel plate body is not limited to two, and may be three or more.
  • the present application also provides a locking steel plate assembly.
  • the locking steel plate assembly in Embodiment 1 includes a locking steel plate 1 and a screw 2 cooperating with the locking steel plate 1.
  • the locking steel plate is the aforementioned locking steel plate.
  • the above-mentioned locking steel plate can solve the problem of inconvenience caused by the additional components in the prior art to prevent the locking steel plate from loosening.
  • the screw 2 includes a screw head 2a and a screw 2b.
  • the screw head 2a is accommodated in the elastic stop hook 20 of the locking steel plate 1.
  • the screw 2b is threaded in the second hole section 112 of the locking steel plate 1.
  • the screw 2 also includes a screw head
  • the flange 2c on the 2a, the flange 2c is provided in the limit groove 30.
  • the flange 2c in the first embodiment cooperates with the limiting groove 30, so that the flange 2c is firmly restricted in the limiting groove 30, which ensures that the limiting groove 30 plays an anti-backward effect.
  • the cross-section of the flange 2c is arc-shaped, and the diameter of the cross-section is preferably about 1 mm.
  • the limiting groove 30 of the locking steel plate 1 is an arc-shaped groove
  • the flange 2c has a ring shape
  • the outer surface of the flange 2c has an arc shape. This makes it easier for the limiting groove 30 to cooperate with the flange 2c.
  • the flange 2c is in a ring shape so as not to hurt the user.
  • the difference from the first embodiment is that there is no sharp portion on the screw 2b.
  • the screw 2 is screwed into the locking steel plate 1, and the flange 2c of the screw 2 is restricted in the limiting groove, so that the limiting groove plays a role of preventing the screw 2 from withdrawing.
  • the difference from the first embodiment is the specific structure of the steel plate body of the second embodiment.
  • the steel plate body 10 includes a substrate layer 13 and a microporous structure layer 14.
  • a thickened convex portion 131 is provided at the bottom of the substrate layer 13 corresponding to the mounting hole 11, and the microporous structure layer 14 is provided on the substrate layer 13 In areas other than the thickened convex portion 131, the bottom surface of the thickened convex portion 131 is flush with the bottom surface of the microporous structure layer 14.
  • the thickened convex portion 131 can ensure the connection strength at the mounting hole 11, the microporous structural layer 14 has good bone fusion, facilitates bone ingrowth, and also has good integration ability with the bone 3.
  • the thickness M of the steel plate body 10 is between 2.5 mm and 7 mm, and the thickness N of the microporous structure layer 14 is between 1 mm and 3 mm.
  • the bottom surface of the microporous structure layer 14 in contact with the bone 3 is an arc surface, and the radius L of the circle where the arc surface is located is between 15 mm and 30 mm.
  • the above-mentioned structural dimensions can take into account the bony fusion of the microporous structural layer 14 and the connection strength of the entire steel plate body 10. In this way, the working performance of the steel plate body 10 can be optimized.
  • the substrate layer 13 and the microporous structure layer 14 can be obtained by 3D printing.
  • the above-mentioned microporous structure layer 14 forms a plurality of pores, similar to the trabecular bone structure in the related art.
  • the trabecular bone in the related art is the extension part of the cortical bone in the cancellous bone, that is, the trabecular bone is connected with the cortical bone.
  • an irregular three-dimensional network structure such as a loofah-like or sponge-like structure, plays a role in supporting hematopoietic tissue.
  • an embodiment of the locking steel plate assembly according to the present application includes a plurality of interconnected locking steel plates 1.
  • the locking steel plate is the foregoing locking steel plate.
  • the locking steel plate can solve the problem of inconvenience caused by the additional components in the prior art to prevent the locking steel plate from loosening.
  • a groove 6 is formed at the butting position of two adjacent locking steel plates 1, the connecting hooks 12 of the locking steel plates 1 are located in the grooves 6, and the connecting hooks 12 of the two adjacent locking steel plates 1 have opposite directions.
  • the steel plate body of the locking steel plate assembly shown in FIG. 12 does not contain a microporous structure layer, and the steel plate body of the locking steel plate assembly shown in FIG. 15 contains a microporous structure layer.
  • the remaining parts of the locking steel plate assembly of FIGS. 12 and 15 are the same.
  • a plurality of locking steel plates 1 are connected together to form an integral locking steel plate assembly, and a groove 6 is formed at the butting position of two adjacent locking steel plates 1.
  • An integrated locking steel plate assembly includes a plurality of mounting holes 11 and at least one groove 6. The mounting hole 11 is for the screw 2 to penetrate, and the groove 6 is used for penetrating the steel wire 4.
  • an integral locking steel plate assembly includes two mounting holes 11 and a groove 6.
  • the fracture line 5 is shown in FIGS. 12 and 15.
  • the steel wire 4 may be selected for fixing.
  • the steel wire 4 is bundled, as shown in FIGS. 12 and 15, the right side of the locking steel plate 1 is provided with two connecting hooks 12, and the right side of the locking steel plate 1 is provided with two connecting hooks 12 on the left side.
  • the orientation of the connecting hooks 12 corresponding to the positions is opposite.
  • the wire 4 bypasses the upper connecting hook 12 on the left locking steel plate 1 and spans to the right locking steel plate 1 and bypasses the lower connecting hook 12 on the right locking steel plate 1 and then the bone 3 Realize fixed.
  • Such a fixing method can prevent loosening and slipping due to insufficient tightening force during long-term creep of the wire 4 than when there is no connecting hook or the connecting hooks on both sides are in the same direction.
  • orientation words such as “front, back, up, down, left, right", “horizontal, vertical, vertical, horizontal” and “top and bottom” indicate the orientation Or the positional relationship is usually based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, just to facilitate the description of the present invention and simplify the description, in the case of no contrary description, these orientation words do not indicate and imply that the device or element It must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention; the orientation words “inside and outside” refer to inside and outside relative to the contour of each component itself.
  • spatial relative terms can be used here, such as “above”, “above”, “above”, “above”, etc., used to describe as shown in the figure
  • the spatial relationship between a device or feature shown and other devices or features It should be understood that spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation in addition to the orientation of the device described in the figures. For example, if the device in the drawings is turned upside down, a device described as “above another device or configuration” or “above another device or configuration” will then be positioned as “below other device or configuration” or “in Under other devices or structures”.
  • the exemplary term “above” may include both “above” and “below” orientations.
  • the device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations), and the relative description of the space used here is explained accordingly.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

一种锁定钢板及具有其的锁定钢板组件。其中，锁定钢板包括：钢板本体(10)，钢板本体(10)上设置有安装孔(11)，安装孔(11)包括第一孔段(111)和横截面积小于第一孔段(111)的第二孔段(112)；弹性止挡钩(20)，设置在第一孔段(111)内，弹性止挡钩(20)的第一端与钢板本体(10)连接，弹性止挡钩(20)的第二端朝向第二孔段(112)弯折；限位槽(30)，设置在弹性止挡钩(20)的第二端的内壁上。本申请的技术方案有效解决了现有技术中额外组件防止锁定钢板松动时带来操作不便的问题。

Description

锁定钢板及具有其的锁定钢板组件 技术领域
本发明涉及骨科医疗器械技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种锁定钢板及具有其的锁定钢板组件。
背景技术
现有技术中，骨折治疗会伴有严重软组织损伤或感染，骨折主要固定方式是采用外固定架。大多数的传统外固定架外观复杂且笨重，治疗时需要固定较长时间。这为患者的日常生活带来了极大的不便，甚至影响患肢的功能锻炼。锁定钢板作为外固定使用后，以治疗开放性骨折以及感染性骨折，取得了满意的效果。
锁定钢板是一种带有螺纹孔的骨折固定装置，这些孔在带有螺纹头的螺钉拧入后，钢板就成为一种螺钉角度固定装置。可同时具有锁定和非锁定孔，以供不同螺钉拧入。任何角度能够拧入固定的螺钉、栓的钢板实质上都是锁定钢板。钢板的固定是不依靠骨摩擦力来实现连接，而是完全依靠钢板自身的交锁结构来实现。钢板与骨头表面可以留有一定间隙，消除了钢板与骨重压接触的不良作用，极大改善了血运和骨膜的生长和恢复。与传统钢板的主要生物力学差异为依赖于骨-钢板界面的摩擦力来完成钢板对骨的加压。
上述的锁定钢板在植入到骨折处时，由于血运和骨膜的生长和恢复使得锁定的锁定钢板会发生松动，需要增加额外组件来防止松动。额外组件会对血运和骨膜的生长和恢复带来一定的风险。此外，增加了额外组件，也使得操作不便。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种锁定钢板及具有其的锁定钢板组件，以解决现有技术中额外组件防止锁定钢板松动时带来操作不便的问题。
为了实现上述目的，根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种锁定钢板，包括：钢板本体，钢板本体上设置有安装孔，安装孔包括第一孔段和横截面积小于第一孔段的第二孔段；弹性止挡钩，设置在第一孔段内，弹性止挡钩的第一端与钢板本体连接，弹性止挡钩的第二端朝向第二孔段弯折；限位槽，设置在弹性止挡钩的第二端的内壁上。
进一步地，安装孔还包括连接第一孔段与第二孔段的台阶面，弹性止挡钩设置在台阶面上。
进一步地，弹性止挡钩的外壁与第一孔段的孔壁之间形成有让位槽。
进一步地，弹性止挡钩为多个，多个弹性止挡钩沿安装孔的周向均匀布置，相邻的两个弹性止挡钩之间具有间隔。
进一步地，限位槽的槽口的尺寸小于限位槽的槽宽的最大尺寸。
进一步地，弹性止挡钩的内壁面为弧形面。
进一步地，弹性止挡钩的第二端的外壁设置有导向斜面。
进一步地，锁定钢板还包括设置在钢板本体一端的多个连接钩，多个连接钩间隔设置并朝向相同，连接钩朝向钢板本体的表面弯折设置。
进一步地，钢板本体包括基板层和微孔结构层，基板层的底部对应于安装孔处设置有加厚凸部，微孔结构层设置在基板层的除加厚凸部以外的区域处，加厚凸部的底面与微孔结构层的底面平齐。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种锁定钢板组件，包括锁定钢板及与锁定钢板配合的螺钉，锁定钢板为上述的锁定钢板，螺钉包括螺钉头和螺杆，螺钉头容纳在锁定钢板的弹性止挡钩内，螺杆穿设在锁定钢板的第二孔段内，螺钉还包括设置在螺钉头上的凸缘，凸缘设置在限位槽。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种锁定钢板组件，包括多个相互连接的锁定钢板，锁定钢板为上述的锁定钢板，相邻的两个锁定钢板的对接位置形成凹槽，锁定钢板的连接钩位于凹槽内，并且相邻的两个锁定钢板的连接钩的朝向相反。
应用本发明的技术方案，锁定钢板增设有弹性止挡钩和限位槽。钢板本体上设置有安装孔，安装孔包括第一孔段和横截面积小于第一孔段的第二孔段。弹性止挡钩设置在第一孔段内，弹性止挡钩的第一端与钢板本体连接，弹性止挡钩的第二端朝向第二孔段弯折。限位槽设置在弹性止挡钩的第二端的内壁上。在本申请中，在钢板本体与螺钉配合的情况下，螺钉安装在安装孔内并被植入到骨骼上。第一孔段内设置的弹性止挡钩能够将螺钉锁在钢板本体内，防止螺钉退出，起到了止退的作用。限位槽与螺钉的螺钉头配合，进一步地防止螺钉退出。在本申请中，锁定钢板没有增加额外组件，不需要考虑额外组件带来操作不便的问题。此外，弹性止挡钩占用空间小，钢板本体结构的强度不会被削弱。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1示出了根据本发明的锁定钢板的实施例一的立体结构示意图；
图2示出了图1的锁定钢板的俯视示意图；
图3示出了图2的锁定钢板的A-A向剖视示意图；
图4示出了图2的锁定钢板的B-B向剖视示意图；
图5示出了根据本发明的锁定钢板组件的实施例一的剖视示意图；
图6示出了图5的锁定钢板组件的螺钉的立体示意图；
图7示出了图6的锁定钢板组件的螺钉的剖视示意图；
图8示出了本发明的锁定钢板组件的实施例二的立体示意图；
图9示出了图8的锁定钢板组件的剖视示意图；
图10示出了本发明的锁定钢板的实施例二的立体结构示意图；
图11示出了图10的锁定钢板与螺钉配合时的剖视示意图；
图12示出了图5的两个锁定钢板组件连接到骨骼上的结构示意图；
图13示出了图10的两个锁定钢板配合的立体结构示意图；
图14示出了图13的两个锁定钢板的另一方向的立体结构示意图；以及
图15示出了图10的两个锁定钢板与螺钉连接到骨骼上的结构示意图。
其中，上述附图包括以下附图标记：
1、锁定钢板；2、螺钉；2a、螺钉头；2b、螺杆；2c、凸缘；3、骨骼；4、钢丝；5、骨折线；6、凹槽；10、钢板本体；11、安装孔；111、第一孔段；112、第二孔段；113、台阶面；114、让位槽；12、连接钩；13、基板层；131、加厚凸部；14、微孔结构层；20、弹性止挡钩；21、导向斜面；30、限位槽。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本发明及其应用或使用的任何限制。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、数字表达式和数值不限制本发明的范围。同时，应当明白，为了便于描述，附图中所示出的各个部分的尺寸并不是按照实际的比例关系绘制的。对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为授权说明书的一部分。在这里示出和讨论的所有示例中，任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制。因此，示例性实施例的其它示例可以具有不同的值。应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步讨论。
如图1和图3所示，实施例一的锁定钢板包括：钢板本体10、弹性止挡钩20和限位槽30。钢板本体10上设置有安装孔11，安装孔11包括第一孔段111和横截面积小于第一孔段111的第二孔段112弹性止挡钩20设置在第一孔段111内，弹性止挡钩20的第一端与钢板本体10连接，弹性止挡钩20的第二端朝向第二孔段112弯折。限位槽30设置在弹性止挡钩20的第二端的内壁上。
应用实施例一的技术方案，锁定钢板增设有弹性止挡钩和限位槽。钢板本体10上设置有安装孔11，安装孔11包括第一孔段111和横截面积小于第一孔段111的第二孔段112。弹性止挡钩20设置在第一孔段111内，弹性止挡钩20的第一端与钢板本体10连接，弹性止挡钩20的第二端朝向第二孔段112弯折。限位槽30设置在弹性止挡钩20的第二端的内壁上。在实施例一中，在钢板本体10与螺钉配合的情况下，螺钉安装在安装孔11内并被植入到骨骼上。第一孔段111内设置的弹性止挡钩20能够将螺钉锁在钢板本体10内，防止螺钉退出，起到了止退的作用。限位槽30与螺钉的螺钉头配合，进一步地防止螺钉退出。此外，锁定钢板没有增加额外组件，不需要考虑额外组件带来操作不便的问题。此外，弹性止挡钩20占用空间小，钢板本体10结构的强度不会被削弱。
如图3和图4所示，安装孔11还包括连接第一孔段111与第二孔段112的台阶面113，弹性止挡钩20设置在台阶面113上。上述设置位置使得弹性止挡钩20容易变形，使得螺钉穿入时比较容易。在实施例一中，弹性止挡钩20不突出于钢板本体10，使得弹性止挡钩20不易受到碰触。当然，弹性止挡钩20与螺钉配合的过程中，第一孔段111和第二孔段112的设置使得弹性止挡钩20也不易受到碰触，进而保证螺钉的锁定效果。
如图3和图4所示，在实施例一中，弹性止挡钩20发生弹性变形的情况下，为了防止弹性止挡钩20与第一孔段111的孔壁之间发生干涉，弹性止挡钩20的周向外侧最好设置一定的变形空间。弹性止挡钩20的外壁与第一孔段111的孔壁之间形成有让位槽114。让位槽114形成上述变形空间。
如图1和图2所示，在实施例一中，弹性止挡钩20为三个，三个弹性止挡钩20沿安装孔11的周向均匀布置，相邻的两个弹性止挡钩20之间具有间隔。这样，在安装孔11内拧入螺钉的过程中，弹性止挡钩20会向外扩展，相邻的两个弹性止挡钩20之间不会相互挤压。经过弹性止挡钩20进行适当的变形，方便拧入螺钉。在其他图中未示出的实施例中，弹性止挡钩的数量不限于三个，可以为两个、四个及以上。
如图3和图4所示，在实施例一中，限位槽30的槽口的尺寸小于限位槽30的槽宽的最大尺寸。这样，在弹性止挡钩20内拧入螺钉后，螺钉的外沿被紧紧的卡在限位槽30的槽内，不容易从槽口处脱出，进而防止螺钉退出。在实施例一中，限位槽30的横截面为弧形，限位槽30的槽口的尺寸小于限位槽30的直径。
如图3和图4所示，在实施例一中，为了螺钉与弹性止挡钩20贴合紧密，提高锁定的稳定性，弹性止挡钩20的内壁面为弧形面。相应地，螺钉与弧形面配合的位置也呈弧形。
如图1和图3所示，在实施例一中，为了使螺钉能够顺畅地拧入弹性止挡钩20内，弹性止挡钩20的第二端的外壁设置有导向斜面21。
如图12所示，锁定钢板还包括设置在钢板本体10一端的两个连接钩12，两个连接钩12间隔设置并朝向相同，连接钩12朝向钢板本体10的表面弯折设置。
在现有技术中，对于钢丝的使用，钢板上通常有两种方式：一种是锁定钢板上设置有槽，对于此结构中的槽容易导致钢丝脱槽、滑脱。另一种是锁定钢板上设置有长孔，虽然长孔结构避免了槽结构的缺陷，但需要往孔中穿钢丝，在手术中操作比较困难。
实施例一的结构很好地解决了上述两种方式的问题，连接钩12与钢丝4配合不会出现脱槽或者滑脱的情况，同时连接钩12与钢丝4配合不需要穿钢丝的操作。因此，钢板本体10上的两个连接钩12与钢丝4配合既不会出现脱槽，也不需要穿钢丝的操作，也能够实现捆绑或者约束钢板本体10的作用。在其他图中未示出的实施例中，连接钩在钢板本体上设置的数量不限于两个，可以为三个及以上。
本申请还提供了一种锁定钢板组件，如图5至图7所示，在实施例一中的锁定钢板组件包括锁定钢板1及与锁定钢板1配合的螺钉2，锁定钢板为上述的锁定钢板，上述的锁定钢板能够解决现有技术中额外组件防止锁定钢板松动时带来操作不便的问题。螺钉2包括螺钉头2a和螺杆2b，螺钉头2a容纳在锁定钢板1的弹性止挡钩20内，螺杆2b穿设在锁定钢板1的第二孔段112内，螺钉2还包括设置在螺钉头2a上的凸缘2c，凸缘2c设置在限位槽30。实施例一中的凸缘2c与限位槽30配合，使得凸缘2c被牢牢地限制在限位槽30内，保证了限位槽30起到防退的效果。在本实施例中，凸缘2c的的横截面为弧形，其横截面的直径优选为1mm左右。
如图5至图7所示，锁定钢板1的限位槽30为弧形槽，凸缘2c呈环形，并且凸缘2c的外表面呈弧形。这样便于限位槽30与凸缘2c实现配合。此外，在螺钉2未进行安装前，凸缘2c呈环形不易伤到使用者。
如图8至图9所示，在本申请的锁定钢板组件的实施例二中，与实施例一区别在于，螺杆2b上没有尖部。在实施例二中，螺钉2拧入锁定钢板1内，螺钉2的凸缘2c被限制在限位槽内，使得限位槽起到防止螺钉2退出的作用。
如图10和图11所示，在本申请的锁定钢板的实施例二中，与实施例一的区别在于，实施例二的钢板本体的具体结构。在实施例二中，钢板本体10包括基板层13和微孔结构层14，基板层13的底部对应于安装孔11处设置有加厚凸部131，微孔结构层14设置在基板层13的除加厚凸部131以外的区域处，加厚凸部131的底面与微孔结构层14的底面平齐。加厚凸部131能够保证安装孔11处的连接强度，微孔结构层14具有较好的骨性融合性，便于骨长入，还具有良好的与骨骼3的整合能力。
在实施例二中，如图13所示，钢板本体10的厚度M在2.5mm至7mm之间，微孔结构层14的厚度N在1mm至3mm之间。微孔结构层14与骨骼3接触的底面为弧面，该弧面所在的圆的半径L在15mm至30mm之间。上述的结构尺寸能够兼顾微孔结构层14的骨性融合性，以及钢板本体10整体的连接强度。这样，钢板本体10的工作性能能够处于最佳。
基板层13及微孔结构层14可以通过3D打印得到。上述微孔结构层14形成多个孔隙，类似于相关技术中的骨小梁结构。相关技术中的骨小梁是骨皮质在松质骨内的延伸部分，即 骨小梁与骨皮质相连接。在骨络腔中呈不规则立体网状结构，如丝瓜络样或者海绵状，起支持造血组织的作用。
本申请的还提供了一种锁定钢板组件，如图12和图15所示，根据本申请的锁定钢板组件的实施例包括多个相互连接的锁定钢板1，锁定钢板为上述的锁定钢板，上述的锁定钢板能够解决现有技术中额外组件防止锁定钢板松动时带来操作不便的问题。相邻的两个锁定钢板1的对接位置形成凹槽6，锁定钢板1的连接钩12位于凹槽6内，并且相邻的两个锁定钢板1的连接钩12的朝向相反。
图12示出的锁定钢板组件的钢板本体不包含微孔结构层，图15示出的锁定钢板组件的钢板本体包含微孔结构层。图12和图15的锁定钢板组件的其余部分均相同。如图12至图15所示，多个锁定钢板1连在一起形成一个整体的锁定钢板组件，相邻两个锁定钢板1的对接位置形成有凹槽6。一个整体的锁定钢板组件包括多个安装孔11和至少一个凹槽6。安装孔11供螺钉2穿设，凹槽6用于穿入钢丝4。凹槽6两端分别设置有方向相反的两组连接钩12，钢丝4可以有选择地钩住不同方向的连接钩12。在选择不同方向的连接钩12时，容易实现对钢丝4的固定，能够防止钢丝4朝着一个方向发生松脱。在本实施例中，一个整体的锁定钢板组件上包括两个安装孔11和一个凹槽6。图12和图15中示出了骨折线5。
具体地，锁定钢板1固定时，螺钉2旋入骨骼3起主要固定作用，此时可以选择钢丝4进行固定。钢丝4捆绑时，如图12和图15所示，左侧的锁定钢板1的右端带有两个连接钩12，右侧的锁定钢板1左侧带有两个连接钩12。左右两个锁定钢板1对接时，位置对应的连接钩12的朝向相反。钢丝4绕过左侧的锁定钢板1上的上连接钩12，并跨到右侧的锁定钢板1上，并绕过右侧的锁定钢板1上的下连接钩12，之后再绕过骨骼3实现固定。如此固定方式比没有连接钩或者两侧连接钩都为同向的情况下，可以防止在钢丝4长期蠕变中旋紧力不足而导致松脱、滑脱。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，方位词如“前、后、上、下、左、右”、“横向、竖向、垂直、水平”和“顶、底”等所指示的方位或位置关系通常是基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，在未作相反说明的情况下，这些方位词并不指示和暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位或者以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制；方位词“内、外”是指相对于各部件本身的轮廓的内外。
为了便于描述，在这里可以使用空间相对术语，如“在……之上”、“在……上方”、“在……上表面”、“上面的”等，用来描述如在图中所示的一个器件或特征与其他器件或特征的空间位置关系。应当理解的是，空间相对术语旨在包含除了器件在图中所描述的方位之外的在使用或操作中的不同方位。例如，如果附图中的器件被倒置，则描述为“在其他器件或构造上方”或“在其他器件或构造之上”的器件之后将被定位为“在其他器件或构造下方”或“在其他器件或构造之下”。因而，示例性术语“在……上方”可以包括“在……上方”和“在……下方”两种方位。该器件也可以其他不同方式定位(旋转90度或处于其他方位)，并且对这里所使用的空间相对描述作出相应解释。
此外，需要说明的是，使用“第一”、“第二”等词语来限定零部件，仅仅是为了便于对相应零部件进行区别，如没有另行声明，上述词语并没有特殊含义，因此不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种锁定钢板，其特征在于，包括：
    钢板本体(10)，所述钢板本体(10)上设置有安装孔(11)，所述安装孔(11)包括第一孔段(111)和横截面积小于所述第一孔段(111)的第二孔段(112)；
    弹性止挡钩(20)，设置在所述第一孔段(111)内，所述弹性止挡钩(20)的第一端与所述钢板本体(10)连接，所述弹性止挡钩(20)的第二端朝向所述第二孔段(112)弯折；
    限位槽(30)，设置在所述弹性止挡钩(20)的第二端的内壁上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的锁定钢板，其特征在于，所述安装孔(11)还包括连接所述第一孔段(111)与所述第二孔段(112)的台阶面(113)，所述弹性止挡钩(20)设置在所述台阶面(113)上。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的锁定钢板，其特征在于，所述弹性止挡钩(20)的外壁与所述第一孔段(111)的孔壁之间形成有让位槽(114)。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的锁定钢板，其特征在于，所述弹性止挡钩(20)为多个，多个所述弹性止挡钩(20)沿所述安装孔(11)的周向均匀布置，相邻的两个所述弹性止挡钩(20)之间具有间隔。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的锁定钢板，其特征在于，所述限位槽(30)的槽口的尺寸小于所述限位槽(30)的槽宽的最大尺寸。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的锁定钢板，其特征在于，所述弹性止挡钩(20)的内壁面为弧形面。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的锁定钢板，其特征在于，所述弹性止挡钩(20)的第二端的外壁设置有导向斜面(21)。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的锁定钢板，其特征在于，所述锁定钢板还包括设置在钢板本体(10)一端的多个连接钩(12)，多个所述连接钩(12)间隔设置并朝向相同，所述连接钩(12)朝向所述钢板本体(10)的表面弯折设置。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的锁定钢板，其特征在于，所述钢板本体(10)包括基板层(13)和微孔结构层(14)，所述基板层(13)的底部对应于所述安装孔(11)处设置有加厚凸部(131)，所述微孔结构层(14)设置在所述基板层(13)的除所述加厚凸部(131)以外的区域处，所述加厚凸部(131)的底面与所述微孔结构层(14)的底面平齐。
  10. 一种锁定钢板组件，包括锁定钢板(1)及与所述锁定钢板(1)配合的螺钉(2)，其特征在于，所述锁定钢板为上述权利要求1至9中任一项所述的锁定钢板，所述螺钉(2)包括螺钉头(2a)和螺杆(2b)，所述螺钉头(2a)容纳在所述锁定钢板(1)的弹性止挡钩内，所述螺杆(2b)穿设在所述锁定钢板(1)的第二孔段内，所述螺钉(2)还包括 设置在所述螺钉头(2a)上的凸缘(2c)，所述凸缘(2c)设置在所述限位槽(30)内。
  11. 一种锁定钢板组件，包括多个相互连接的锁定钢板(1)，其特征在于，所述锁定钢板为上述权利要求8所述的锁定钢板，相邻的两个所述锁定钢板(1)的对接位置形成凹槽(6)，所述锁定钢板(1)的连接钩(12)位于所述凹槽(6)内，并且相邻的两个所述锁定钢板(1)的连接钩(12)的朝向相反。
PCT/CN2019/072101 2018-12-11 2019-01-17 锁定钢板及具有其的锁定钢板组件 WO2020118852A1 (zh)

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