WO2020118801A1 - 清仓机械手及煤仓清堵机器人 - Google Patents

清仓机械手及煤仓清堵机器人 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020118801A1
WO2020118801A1 PCT/CN2018/125978 CN2018125978W WO2020118801A1 WO 2020118801 A1 WO2020118801 A1 WO 2020118801A1 CN 2018125978 W CN2018125978 W CN 2018125978W WO 2020118801 A1 WO2020118801 A1 WO 2020118801A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
base
bolts
drive mechanism
manipulator
air motor
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Application number
PCT/CN2018/125978
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李玉霞
于汝
任晓刚
景毅
张霆
张志献
吕金虎
Original Assignee
山东科技大学
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Application filed by 山东科技大学 filed Critical 山东科技大学
Publication of WO2020118801A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020118801A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00Large containers
    • B65D88/54Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying
    • B65D88/64Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying preventing bridge formation
    • B65D88/68Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying preventing bridge formation using rotating devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a clearance manipulator and a coal silo removal robot having the clearance manipulator.
  • the stratified coal seam can also be cleaned by blasting. However, this method needs to control the amount of explosives. If the amount of explosives is small, the stratified coal seam cannot be effectively cleaned. If the amount of explosives is large, it is easy to damage the ground coal bunker.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a cleaning manipulator, which can effectively clean the ground coal bunker coal layer
  • the clearance robot includes a base, a robot arm, and a drop pick connected in order from top to bottom; [0010] A first rotary drive mechanism for driving the manipulator arm to rotate in a horizontal direction is installed in the base; [0011] A second rotary drive mechanism for driving the manipulator arm to swing in a vertical plane is arranged on the upper end of the manipulator arm;
  • the picker is installed at the lower end of the manipulator arm and is horizontally arranged;
  • a third rotating drive mechanism for driving the picker to rotate around its own axis is provided in the picker;
  • the outer surface of the dropper is provided with a spiked portion for cleaning the coal seam.
  • the first rotation drive mechanism, the second rotation drive mechanism, and the third rotation drive mechanism adopt a pneumatic drive mechanism.
  • the base comprises a base housing No. 1, a base housing No. 2 and a base housing No. 3 which are arranged in order from top to bottom;
  • the second base housing is located on the top inside of the third base housing
  • An angular contact ball bearing is installed between the top of the second shell and the top of the third shell;
  • the first rotary drive mechanism is located in the base housing No. 1, base housing No. 2 and base housing No. 3;
  • the first rotary drive mechanism includes No. 1 pneumatic motor and No. 1 RV reducer;
  • the motor base of the No. 1 pneumatic motor is mounted on the No. 2 base housing by bolts;
  • the output shaft of the No. 1 pneumatic motor is connected to the No. 1 RV reducer, and is fixed by a locking bolt;
  • the output disk of the No. 1 RV reducer is connected to the No. 3 base housing through bolts.
  • the side of the second base shell is provided with a horizontal first placing table
  • a horizontal second placing table is provided on the inside of the top of the No. 3 base shell;
  • the first placement table and the second placement table are flush and together form the bottom placement plane of the angular contact ball bearing
  • a first limiting baffle and a second limiting baffle are also provided on the top inside and outside of the angular contact ball bearing respectively; [0030] wherein the first limiting baffle and the bottom of the No. 1 base housing , No. 2 base shell is connected by bolts
  • the second limit baffle is connected with the No. 3 base shell by bolts.
  • the manipulator arm includes a T-shaped support frame, a rotating spindle, and an arm body;
  • the horizontal plate of the T-shaped support frame is installed in the middle of the base by bolts;
  • the second rotary drive mechanism includes a No. 2 pneumatic motor and a No. 2 RV reducer;
  • the No. 2 air motor and the No. 2 RV reducer are located on both sides of the vertical plate of the T-shaped support frame, respectively:
  • the motor base of the No. 2 air motor is installed on the vertical plate of the T-shaped support frame by bolts;
  • the output shaft of the No. 2 pneumatic motor is connected to the No. 2 RV reducer, and is fixed by locking bolts;
  • the output disk of the No. 2 RV reducer is connected to the rotating main shaft by bolts;
  • the arm body is mounted on a rotating spindle.
  • a protective cover is provided outside the No. 2 RV reducer, and the protective cover is installed on the vertical plate of the T-shaped support frame by bolts;
  • the protective cover is provided with a main shaft perforation through which the rotating main shaft passes;
  • a positioning spacer is installed at the perforation of the main shaft, and the positioning spacer is placed on the rotating main shaft.
  • the picker includes a cylindrical cleaning hub, and a plurality of spiked portion fixing sleeves sleeved on the cleaning hub;
  • a radial mounting plate is provided on the inside of the cleaning hub
  • the third rotary drive mechanism includes a No. 3 air motor
  • the motor base of the No. 3 pneumatic motor is installed on the lower end of the manipulator arm through bolts;
  • No. 3 air motor extends into the cleaning hub from one end of the cleaning hub
  • An angular contact ball bearing is installed between the motor base of the No. 3 air motor and the inner wall of the cleaning hub;
  • An end sealing cover is provided at the other end of the cleaning hub
  • the fixing sleeves of each spiked portion are evenly arranged along the length direction of the cleaning hub, and the fixing sleeves of each spiked portion are installed by bolts;
  • spiked portions are arranged in the circumferential direction of each spiked portion fixing sleeve.
  • a pressure sensor is also installed on the cleaning hub.
  • the present invention also provides a coal bunker removal robot to meet the requirements of the large ground coal bunker removal. [0056] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • Coal bunker removal robot including controller and clearance manipulator; wherein,
  • the clearance robot uses the clearance robot described above;
  • the controller is connected to the first rotation drive mechanism, the second rotation drive mechanism, and the third rotation drive mechanism through lines, respectively.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the clearance manipulator in the present invention has three degrees of freedom, and its structure is light and compact, which can quickly respond to control commands, which is conducive to improving production efficiency.
  • the clearance manipulator is used to replace manual entry into the coal bunker for cleaning. Security and efficiency.
  • the clearance manipulator in the present invention adopts pneumatic control, has a strong load capacity, is suitable for the environment of flammable and explosive substances, and can fully meet the requirements of the working environment inside the coal bunker.
  • the clearance manipulator in the present invention also uses a picker with a rotating structure, and the picker is provided with a spiked portion, which can quickly clean the coal seam.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a clearance robot in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a base in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a robot arm in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pick-down device in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is an embodiment of the present invention
  • 29-locking bolt 30-No. 2 spline shaft, 31-bearing end cover, 32-protective cover, 33-positioning spacer, 34-ribs, 35-air inlet, 36-cleaning the hub, 37-fixed sleeve of spiked part, 38-radial mounting plate;
  • Embodiment 1 of the present invention describes a clearance manipulator.
  • the clearance robot includes a base 1, a robot arm 2 and a picker 3 connected in order from top to bottom.
  • the direction here refers only to the direction in FIG. 1, and may be different from the above direction when used.
  • the first rotary drive mechanism 4 functions to drive the manipulator arm 2 to rotate in the horizontal direction, which is the first degree of freedom.
  • a second rotation drive mechanism 5 is arranged on the upper end of the manipulator arm 2.
  • the second rotation driving mechanism 5 functions to drive the manipulator arm 2 to swing in a vertical plane, which is the second degree of freedom.
  • the swing angle may be, for example, within a range of 0 degrees to 90 degrees.
  • the maximum range in which the manipulator arm 2 swings to the outside or inside of the paper surface in FIG. 1 is a horizontal state.
  • the dropper 3 is installed at the lower end of the manipulator arm 2 and is horizontally arranged.
  • a third rotary drive mechanism 6 is provided in the dropper 3.
  • the third rotation drive mechanism 6 is to drive the picker 3 to rotate around its own axis, which is the third degree of freedom.
  • a spiked portion 7 is provided on the outer surface of the dropper 3.
  • the spiked portion 7 can quickly clean the hardened coal seam.
  • each rotary drive mechanism can quickly respond to control commands, which is beneficial to improve production efficiency.
  • each rotary driving mechanism may be electrically driven, that is, driven by a rotary electric machine.
  • the first rotary drive mechanism 4, the second rotary drive mechanism 5, and the third rotary drive mechanism 6 all adopt a pneumatic drive mechanism, that is, a pneumatic motor is used for driving, and the reason for selecting the pneumatic drive mode is: [0091]
  • the clearance manipulator controlled by the air motor has the advantages of safety and explosion-proof. It does not generate sparks, overheat, explosion, short circuit (electricity) and other dangerous factors during use. It is especially suitable for flammable, explosive, and high-temperature operating environments (high gas concentration coal) Warehouse).
  • the number of the dropper 3 may be one or two.
  • the two drop picks 3 are respectively installed on two opposite sides (for example, the left side and the right side) of the manipulator arm 2, and the two drop picks 3 The axes coincide.
  • the base 1 includes a base housing 1 and a base housing 2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ And No. 3 base housing 10.
  • the first base housing 8, the second base housing 9 and the third base housing 10 are arranged in order from top to bottom
  • the second base housing 9 is located on the top inside of the third base housing 10.
  • An angular contact ball bearing 11 is installed between the top of the second shell 9 and the top of the third shell 10.
  • the No. 3 base housing 10 can be horizontally rotated relative to the No. 2 base housing 9.
  • the first rotation drive mechanism 4 is located in the first base housing 8, the second base housing 9, and the third base housing 10.
  • the first rotary drive mechanism 4 includes a No. 1 air motor 12 and a No. 1 RV reducer 13. among them,
  • the motor base of the No. 1 air motor 12 is mounted on the No. 2 base housing 9 by bolts.
  • the output shaft of the No. 1 air motor 12 is connected to the No. 1 RV reducer 13, and is fixed by a locking bolt 14.
  • the output shaft of the No. 1 air motor 12 is connected to the No. 1 spline shaft 15 of the No. 1 RV reducer 13.
  • the output disk of the No. 1 RV reducer 13 is connected to the No. 3 base housing 10 by bolts.
  • the No. 3 base housing 10 rotates horizontally relative to the No. 2 base housing 9 driven by the No. 1 air motor 12
  • the mounting structure of the angular contact ball bearing 11 will be described in detail below:
  • a horizontal first placing table 16 is provided on the side of the second base case 9.
  • a horizontal second placing table 17 is also provided.
  • the first placement table 16 and the second placement table 17 are flush, and together form the bottom placement plane of the angular contact ball bearing 11.
  • first placing table 16 and the second base housing 9 are integrally formed during processing.
  • second placing table 17 and the base shell 10 can also be integrally formed during processing.
  • a first limit stop 18 and a second limit stop 19 are also provided on the inside and outside of the top of the angular contact ball bearing 11, respectively.
  • the first limit stop 18 has a shape suitable for the second base housing 9.
  • the first limit stop 18 is connected to the bottom of the No. 1 base housing and the No. 2 base housing by bolts.
  • the second limit stop 19 is connected to the base housing 10 by a bolt.
  • the first limit stop 18 and the second limit stop 19 are both ring-shaped structures.
  • a lip seal ring 20 is also installed on the upper side of the angular contact ball bearing 11 to achieve sealing.
  • An installation through hole 21 is left on the top of the No. 1 base housing 8 for implementing the installation of the first rotary drive mechanism 4 and the like.
  • the robot arm 2 includes a T-shaped supporting frame 23, a rotating spindle 24, and an arm body 25.
  • An assembly plate 26 is connected to the bottom of the No. 3 base housing 10 by bolts.
  • the T-shaped support frame 23 is composed of a vertical plate and a horizontal plate. among them:
  • the horizontal plate of the T-shaped support frame 23 is mounted to the middle of the base, that is, the middle of the mounting plate 26 by bolts.
  • the second rotary drive mechanism 5 includes a No. 2 air motor 27 and a No. 2 RV reducer 28.
  • the No. 2 air motor 27 and the No. 2 RV reducer 28 are located on both sides of the vertical plate of the T-shaped support frame 23 (for example, left and right sides).
  • the motor base of the No. 2 air motor 27 is mounted on the vertical plate of the T-shaped support frame 23 by bolts.
  • the output shaft of the No. 2 air motor 27 is connected to the No. 2 RV reducer 28, and is fixed by a locking bolt 29.
  • the output shaft of the No. 2 air motor 27 is connected to the No. 2 spline shaft 30 of the No. 2 RV reducer 28.
  • the output disk of the second RV reducer 28 is connected to the rotating spindle 24 by bolts.
  • the arm body 25 is mounted on the rotating spindle 24. specific,
  • the arm body 25 is mounted on the right side of the rotary spindle 24, and is fixed in the circumferential direction with a key.
  • a bearing end cover 31 is also added to the end of the rotating main shaft 24 for axial fixing.
  • a protective cover 32 is also provided outside the No. 2 RV reducer 28.
  • One end of the shield 32 is open, and the open end is mounted on the vertical plate of the T-shaped support frame 23 by bolts.
  • a main shaft perforation (not shown) through which the rotating main shaft 24 passes is provided on the protective cover 32 (right end).
  • a positioning spacer 33 is installed at the perforation of the main shaft, and the positioning spacer is placed on the rotating main shaft 24.
  • the arm body 25 can swing in a vertical plane.
  • the inside of the arm body 25 has a hollow structure to reduce weight.
  • a plurality of reinforcing ribs 34 are arranged in order from top to bottom in the arm body 25 to improve the support strength of the arm body 25.
  • An air inlet 35 is provided in the lower part of the arm body 25 for supplying air to the following No. 3 air motor.
  • the picker 3 includes a cleaning hub 36 and a plurality of spiked portion fixing sleeves 37.
  • the cleaning hub 36 has a cylindrical shape and is placed horizontally.
  • Each of the spiked portion fixing sleeves 37 is sleeved on the cleaning hub 36, and is evenly arranged along the length direction of the cleaning hub 36.
  • each of the spiked portion fixing sleeves 37 is installed by bolts, respectively.
  • a plurality of spiked portions 7 are arranged in the circumferential direction of each spiked portion fixing sleeve 37.
  • the number of spiked portions 7 is, for example, four, five, or the like.
  • a radial mounting plate 38 is provided inside the cleaning hub 36.
  • the end of the radial mounting plate 38 is mounted on the inner wall of the cleaning hub 36 by bolts.
  • the third rotary drive mechanism 6 includes a No. 3 air motor 39.
  • the role of the radial mounting plate 38 is to achieve the installation of the No. 3 air motor 39 and the cleaning hub 36.
  • the motor base of the No. 3 air motor 39 is mounted on the lower end of the manipulator arm 2 by bolts.
  • the third air motor 39 extends into the cleaning hub 36 from one end of the cleaning hub 36.
  • a mounting hole (not shown) is provided in the middle of the radial mounting plate 38.
  • the output shaft of the No. 3 air motor 39 and the above-mentioned mounting hole are connected by a key.
  • the output shaft end of the No. 3 air motor 39 is installed by a round nut 40.
  • An angular contact ball bearing 41 is installed between the motor base of the No. 3 air motor 39 and the inner wall of the cleaning hub 36.
  • the angular contact ball bearing 41 utilizes a bearing retainer ring and a positioning spacer 42 for axial positioning.
  • an end seal cover 43 is provided at the other end of the cleaning hub 36 and bolted.
  • a pressure sensor (not shown) is also installed on the cleaning hub 36.
  • the skimmer 3 When the skimmer 3 contacts the coal seam, it will upload the pressure signal to the following controller, and the controller will control the action of the third rotary drive mechanism 6.
  • the cleaning hub 36 rotates at a high speed, and the spiked portion 7 can realize rapid cleaning of the plated coal seam.
  • the clearance robot in this embodiment has the advantages of light structure, wide application range, and high cleaning efficiency.
  • This embodiment 2 describes a coal bunker removal robot to meet the requirements of the large ground coal bunker removal.
  • the coal bunker removal robot includes a controller, a gas source, and the broom removal manipulator in Embodiment 1 above.
  • the air source supplies air to the air motors of the above-mentioned rotary drive mechanisms through pipelines.
  • the controller is respectively connected to the first rotation drive mechanism 4, the second rotation drive mechanism 5, and the third rotation drive mechanism 6 through a line, and the controller can implement the three-degree-of-freedom control of the clearance robot in Embodiment 1 above.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manipulator (AREA)

Abstract

一种清仓机械手及煤仓清堵机器人,清仓机械手包括由上向下依次连接的底座(1)、机械手手臂(2)以及扒落器(3);在底座(1)内安装有用于带动机械手手臂(2)沿水平方向旋转的第一旋转驱动机构(4);在机械手手臂(2)上端配置有用于带动该机械手手臂(2)在竖直面内摆动的第二旋转驱动机构(5);扒落器(3)安装于机械手手臂(2)的下端,且为水平布置;在扒落器(3)内设有用于带动扒落器(3)绕自身轴线旋转的第三旋转驱动机构(6);在扒落器(3)的外侧表面设有用于对板结煤层进行清理的尖刺部(7)。该清仓机械手结构轻巧紧凑,能迅速响应控制命令,利于提高生产效率,利用该清仓机械手进入煤仓内部清理,保证了清理作业的安全性和高效性。

Description

清仓机械手及煤仓清堵机器人 技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种清仓机械手、 以及具有所述清仓机械手的煤仓清堵机器人。
背景技术
[0002] 5见有技术中的地面煤仓, 在使用过程中经常会出现板结问题, 因此需要及时对 板结煤层进行清理。 常用的清理方式有两种: 一种是手动清理, 另一种是通过 爆破方式清理。
[0003] 手动清理需要工作人员进入地面煤仓, 对板结煤层进行清理, 清理效率低, 并 且由于煤仓内瓦斯和一氧化碳浓度比较高, 容易引起工作人员中毒, 且存在爆 炸的安全隐患。
[0004] 通过爆破的方式也可以清理板结煤层, 然而此种方式需要控制好炸药的用量, 如果炸药用量少, 则无法有效清理板结煤层, 如果炸药用量大, 则容易损坏地 面煤仓。
[0005] 综上, 5见有技术中地面煤仓内板结煤层清理效率低, 且存在安全性差等技术问 题。
[0006] 随着科技的进步, 越来越多的工业机器人应用到煤炭行业, 机械手的应用提高 了生产的效率, 节省了企业的开支, 减轻了煤矿工人的劳动强度, 并且提高了 工作的安全性。
发明概述
技术问题
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0007] 本发明的目的在于提出一种清仓机械手, 能够有效清理地面煤仓内的板结煤层
[0008] 本发明为了实现上述目的, 采用如下技术方案:
[0009] 清仓机械手, 包括由上向下依次连接的底座、 机械手手臂以及扒落器; [0010] 在底座内安装有用于带动机械手手臂沿水平方向旋转的第一旋转驱动机构; [0011] 在机械手手臂上端配置有用于带动该机械手手臂在竖直面内摆动的第二旋转驱 动机构;
[0012] 扒落器安装于机械手手臂的下端, 且为水平布置;
[0013] 在扒落器内设有用于带动扒落器绕自身轴线旋转的第三旋转驱动机构;
[0014] 扒落器的外侧表面设有用于对板结煤层进行清理的尖刺部。
[0015] 优选地, 第一旋转驱动机构、 第二旋转驱动机构、 第三旋转驱动机构采用气动 驱动机构。
[0016] 优选地, 扒落器有两个, 分别安装于机械手手臂的两个相对侧部, 且轴线重合
[0017] 优选地, 底座包括由上向下依次设置的一号底座壳体、 二号底座壳体以及三号 底座壳体;
[0018] 其中, 一号底座壳体的底部与二号底座壳体之间通过螺栓连接;
[0019] 二号底座壳体位于三号底座壳体的顶部内侧;
[0020] 在二号底座壳体与三号底座壳体的顶部之间安装有角接触球轴承;
[0021] 第一旋转驱动机构位于一号底座壳体、 二号底座壳体以及三号底座壳体内;
[0022] 第一旋转驱动机构包括一号气动马达和一号 RV减速器;
[0023] 一号气动马达的马达座通过螺栓安装于二号底座壳体上;
[0024] 一号气动马达的输出轴与一号 RV减速器相连, 并通过锁紧螺栓进行固定;
[0025] 一号 RV减速器的输出盘通过螺栓与三号底座壳体相连。
[0026] 优选地, 二号底座壳体的侧部设有一水平的第一放置台面;
[0027] 三号底座壳体的顶部内侧设有一水平的第二放置台面;
[0028] 第一放置台面和第二放置台面相平, 且共同形成角接触球轴承的底部放置平面
[0029] 在角接触球轴承的顶部内侧和外侧还分别设有第一限位挡板和第二限位挡板; [0030] 其中, 第一限位挡板与一号底座壳体的底部、 二号底座壳体之间通过螺栓连接
[0031] 第二限位挡板与三号底座壳体之间通过螺栓连接。 [0032] 优选地, 机械手手臂包括 T型支撑架、 旋转主轴以及手臂本体;
[0033] T型支撑架的横板通过螺栓安装于底座的中部;
[0034] 第二旋转驱动机构包括二号气动马达和二号 RV减速器;
[0035] 二号气动马达和二号 RV减速器分别位于 T型支撑架的竖板的两侧, 其中:
[0036] 二号气动马达的马达座通过螺栓安装于 T型支撑架的竖板上;
[0037] 二号气动马达的输出轴和二号 RV减速器相连, 并通过锁紧螺栓进行固定; [0038] 二号 RV减速器的输出盘通过螺栓与旋转主轴连接;
[0039] 手臂本体安装于旋转主轴上。
[0040] 优选地, 二号 RV减速器外侧设有防护罩, 防护罩通过螺栓安装于 T型支撑架的 竖板上;
[0041] 在防护罩上设有供旋转主轴穿过的主轴穿孔;
[0042] 主轴穿孔处安装有定位隔套, 定位隔套套置于旋转主轴上。
[0043] 优选地, 扒落器包括筒状的清理轮毂、 以及套置于清理轮毂上的若干个尖刺部 固定套;
[0044] 在清理轮毂的内侧设有一径向安装板;
[0045] 径向安装板的端部通过螺栓安装于清理轮毂的内壁上;
[0046] 第三旋转驱动机构包括三号气动马达;
[0047] 三号气动马达的马达座通过螺栓安装于机械手手臂的下端;
[0048] 三号气动马达从清理轮毂的一端伸入清理轮毂内;
[0049] 在三号气动马达的马达座与清理轮毂的内壁之间安装有角接触球轴承;
[0050] 三号气动马达的输出轴与径向安装板之间通过键连接;
[0051] 在清理轮毂的另一端设有端部密封盖;
[0052] 各个尖刺部固定套沿清理轮毂的长度方向均匀布置, 各尖刺部固定套通过螺栓 安装;
[0053] 在每个尖刺部固定套的周向上布置有若干个尖刺部。
[0054] 优选地, 清理轮毂上还安装有压力传感器。
[0055] 此外, 本发明还提出了一种煤仓清堵机器人, 以满足大型地面煤仓内清堵的要 求。 [0056] 本发明为了实现上述目的, 采用如下技术方案:
[0057] 煤仓清堵机器人, 包括控制器以及清仓机械手; 其中,
[0058] 清仓机械手采用上述清仓机械手;
[0059] 控制器通过线路分别与第一旋转驱动机构、 第二旋转驱动机构、 第三旋转驱动 机构相连。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0060] 本发明具有如下优点:
[0061] 本发明中的清仓机械手具有三个自由度, 其结构轻巧紧凑, 能迅速响应控制命 令, 利于提高生产效率, 利用该清仓机械手替代人工进入煤仓内部清理, 使用 方便, 保证了清理作业的安全性和高效性。 此外, 本发明中的清仓机械手采用 气动控制, 其负载能力强, 适用于易燃易爆物质的环境, 完全可以满足煤仓内 部作业环境的需求。 另外, 本发明中的清仓机械手还使用了具有旋转式结构的 扒落器, 在扒落器上设有尖刺部, 能快速清理板结煤层。
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0062] 图 1为本发明实施例中清仓机械手的结构示意图;
[0063] 图 2为本发明实施例中底座的结构示意图;
[0064] 图 3为本发明实施例中机械手手臂的结构示意图;
[0065] 图 4为本发明实施例中扒落器的结构示意图;
[0066] 图 5为本发明实施例中
[0067] 其中, 1-底座, 2 -机械手手臂, 3 -扒落器, 4 -第一旋转驱动机构, 5 -第二旋转驱 动机构, 6 -第三旋转驱动机构, 7 -尖刺部, 8 -—号底座壳体, 9 -二号底座壳体; [0068] 10-三号底座壳体, 11-角接触球轴承, 12 -—号气动马达, 13 -—号 RV减速器, 1
4 -锁紧螺栓, 15 -—号花键轴, 16 -第一放置台面, 17 -第二放置台面, 18 -第一限 位挡板;
[0069] 19 -第二限位挡板, 20-唇形密封圈, 21 -安装通孔, 22 -观察孔, 23-T型支撑架
, 24 -旋转主轴, 25 -手臂本体, 26 -装配板, 27 -二号气动马达, 28 -二号 RV减速 器;
[0070] 29 -锁紧螺栓, 30-二号花键轴, 31 -轴承端盖, 32 -防护罩, 33 -定位隔套, 34 -加 强筋, 35 -进气口, 36 -清理轮毂, 37 -尖刺部固定套, 38 -径向安装板;
[0071] 39 -三号气动马达, 40 -圆螺母; 41-角接触球轴, 42 -定位隔套, 43 -端部密封盖 发明实施例
本发明的实施方式
[0072] 下面结合附图以及具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细说明:
[0073] 实施例 1
[0074] 本发明实施例 1述及了一种清仓机械手。
[0075] 如图 1所示, 清仓机械手包括由上向下依次连接的底座 1、 机械手手臂 2和扒落 器 3。
[0076] 其中, 此处的方向仅仅是指图 1中的方向, 在使用时可能与上述方向不同。
[0077] 在底座 1内安装有第一旋转驱动机构 4。
[0078] 第一旋转驱动机构 4作用在于带动机械手手臂 2沿水平方向旋转, 此为第一自由 度。
[0079] 在机械手手臂 2上端配置有第二旋转驱动机构 5。
[0080] 第二旋转驱动机构 5作用在于带动机械手手臂 2在竖直面内进行摆动, 此为第二 自由度。
[0081] 该摆动角度, 例如可以是 0度 -90度范围之内。
[0082] 即机械手手臂 2在图 1中向纸面外侧或内侧摆动的最大范围为水平状态。
[0083] 扒落器 3安装于机械手手臂 2的下端, 且为水平布置。
[0084] 在扒落器 3内设有第三旋转驱动机构 6。
[0085] 第三旋转驱动机构 6作用在于带动扒落器 3绕自身轴线旋转, 此为第三自由度。
[0086] 在扒落器 3的外侧表面设有尖刺部 7。
[0087] 在扒落器 3的高速旋转状态下, 尖刺部 7可以对板结煤层进行快速清理。
[0088] 本发明实施例中的清仓机械手, 由于具有上述三个自由度, 因此结构轻巧紧凑 , 同时各旋转驱动机构能迅速响应控制命令, 利于提高生产效率。 [0089] 本实施例中各旋转驱动机构可以采用电动驱动, 即利用旋转电机进行驱动。
[0090] 优选地, 第一旋转驱动机构 4、 第二旋转驱动机构 5、 第三旋转驱动机构 6均采 用气动驱动机构, 即利用气动马达进行驱动, 选择气动驱动方式的原因在于: [0091] 气动马达控制的清仓机械手具有安全, 防爆等优点, 在使用时不产生火花、 过 热、 爆炸、 短路(电)等危险因素, 尤其适用于易燃、 易爆、 高温的作业环境 (高 瓦斯浓度煤仓) 。
[0092] 本实施例中扒落器 3的数量可以有一个, 也可以有两个。
[0093] 当设置两个扒落器 3时, 两个扒落器 3分别安装于机械手手臂 2的两个相对侧部 (例如左侧部、 右侧部) , 且两个扒落器 3的轴线重合。
[0094] 通过上述设计, 利于增大清仓机械手的清理面积, 提高清理效率。
[0095] 下面结合附图 2至附图 4对本实施例中清仓机械手的具体结构进行详细说明: [0096] 如图 2所示, 底座 1包括一号底座壳体 8、 二号底座壳体 9以及三号底座壳体 10。
其中, 一号底座壳体 8、 二号底座壳体 9以及三号底座壳体 10由上向下依次布置
[0097] 一号底座壳体 8的底部与二号底座壳体 9之间通过螺栓连接。
[0098] 二号底座壳体 9位于三号底座壳体 10的顶部内侧。
[0099] 在二号底座壳体 9与三号底座壳体 10的顶部之间安装有角接触球轴承 11。
[0100] 通过角接触球轴承 11, 使得三号底座壳体 10可以相对于二号底座壳体 9水平旋 转。
[0101] 第一旋转驱动机构 4位于一号底座壳体 8、 二号底座壳体 9以及三号底座壳体 10 内。
[0102] 第一旋转驱动机构 4包括一号气动马达 12和一号 RV减速器 13。 其中,
[0103] 一号气动马达 12的马达座通过螺栓安装于二号底座壳体 9上。
[0104] 一号气动马达 12的输出轴与一号 RV减速器 13相连, 并通过锁紧螺栓 14进行固 定。
[0105] 具体的, 一号气动马达 12的输出轴与一号 RV减速器 13的一号花键轴 15相连。
[0106] 一号 RV减速器 13的输出盘通过螺栓与三号底座壳体 10相连。
[0107] 在一号气动马达 12的带动下, 三号底座壳体 10相对于二号底座壳体 9水平旋转 [0108] 下面对角接触球轴承 11的安装结构进行详细说明:
[0109] 在二号底座壳体 9的侧部设有一水平的第一放置台面 16。
[0110] 在三号底座壳体 10的顶部内侧也设有一水平的第二放置台面 17。
[0111] 第一放置台面 16和第二放置台面 17相平, 且共同形成角接触球轴承 11的底部放 置平面。
[0112] 一种优选方式, 第一放置台面 16与二号底座壳体 9在加工时一体成型。 同理, 第二放置台面 17与三号底座壳体 10在加工时也可以一体成型。
[0113] 将角接触球轴承 11的底部放置于第一放置台面 16和第二放置台面 17上之后, 需 要考虑角接触球轴承 11的上部限位问题, 因此进行了如下设计:
[0114] 在角接触球轴承 11的顶部内侧和外侧还分别设有第一限位挡板 18和第二限位挡 板 19。
[0115] 第一限位挡板 18具有与二号底座壳体 9相适应的形状。
[0116] 在安装时, 将第一限位挡板 18与一号底座壳体的底部、 二号底座壳体之间通过 螺栓连接。
[0117] 第二限位挡板 19与三号底座壳体 10之间通过螺栓连接。
[0118] 第一限位挡板 18和第二限位挡板 19均为环形结构。
[0119] 此外, 在角接触球轴承 11的上侧还安装有唇形密封圈 20, 以实现密封。
[0120] 在一号底座壳体 8的顶部留有安装通孔 21, 用于实现第一旋转驱动机构 4等的安 装。
[0121] 此外, 在一号底座壳体 8的侧部还留有观察孔 22。
[0122] 如图 3所示, 机械手手臂 2包括 T型支撑架 23、 旋转主轴 24以及手臂本体 25。
[0123] 在三号底座壳体 10的底部通过螺栓连接有一装配板 26。
[0124] T型支撑架 23由一竖板和一横板组成。 其中:
[0125] T型支撑架 23的横板通过螺栓安装于底座的中部, 即装配板 26的中部。
[0126] 第二旋转驱动机构 5包括二号气动马达 27和二号 RV减速器 28。 二号气动马达 27 和二号 RV减速器 28分别位于 T型支撑架 23的竖板的两侧 (例如左侧和右侧) 。
[0127] 其中, 二号气动马达 27的马达座通过螺栓安装于 T型支撑架 23的竖板上。 [0128] 二号气动马达 27的输出轴和二号 RV减速器 28相连, 并通过锁紧螺栓 29进行固 定。
[0129] 具体的, 二号气动马达 27的输出轴与二号 RV减速器 28的二号花键轴 30相连。
[0130] 二号 RV减速器 28的输出盘通过螺栓与旋转主轴 24连接。
[0131] 手臂本体 25安装于旋转主轴 24上。 具体的,
[0132] 在旋转主轴 24上洗出两个键槽, 旋转主轴 24的末端设计成锥形结构。
[0133] 手臂本体 25安装在旋转主轴 24的右侧, 利用键进行周向固定。
[0134] 此外, 本实施例还在旋转主轴 24的末端加装轴承端盖 31, 进行轴向固定。
[0135] 当然, 在二号 RV减速器 28外侧还设有防护罩 32。
[0136] 防护罩 32的一端开口, 且开口端通过螺栓安装于 T型支撑架 23的竖板上。
[0137] 在防护罩 32 (右端) 上设有供旋转主轴 24穿过的主轴穿孔 (未示出) 。
[0138] 主轴穿孔处安装有定位隔套 33, 定位隔套套置于旋转主轴 24上。
[0139] 在二号气动马达 27的带动下, 手臂本体 25可以在竖直面内进行摆动。
[0140] 此外, 手臂本体 25内部为中空结构, 以减轻重量。
[0141] 在手臂本体 25内由上向下依次布置有多个加强筋 34, 以提高手臂本体 25的支撑 强度。
[0142] 在手臂本体 25的下部设有进气口 35 , 用于向下述三号气动马达供气。
[0143] 如图 4所示, 扒落器 3包括清理轮毂 36以及若干个尖刺部固定套 37。
[0144] 其中, 清理轮毂 36呈筒状, 且水平放置。
[0145] 各个尖刺部固定套 37均套置于清理轮毂 36上, 且沿清理轮毂 36的长度方向均匀 布置。
[0146] 具体的, 各个尖刺部固定套 37分别通过螺栓进行安装。
[0147] 如图 5所示, 在每个尖刺部固定套 37的周向上布置有若干个尖刺部 7。
[0148] 尖刺部 7的数量例如为四个、 五个等等。
[0149] 在清理轮毂 36的内侧设有一径向安装板 38。
[0150] 径向安装板 38的端部通过螺栓安装于清理轮毂 36的内壁上。
[0151] 第三旋转驱动机构 6包括三号气动马达 39。
[0152] 径向安装板 38的作用在于实现三号气动马达 39与清理轮毂 36的安装。 [0153] 具体的, 三号气动马达 39的马达座通过螺栓安装于机械手手臂 2的下端。
[0154] 三号气动马达 39从清理轮毂 36的一端伸入清理轮毂 36内。
[0155] 在径向安装板 38的中部设有安装孔 (未示出) 。 三号气动马达 39的输出轴与上 述安装孔之间通过键连接。 此外, 三号气动马达 39的输出轴端部通过圆螺母 40 安装。
[0156] 在三号气动马达 39的马达座与清理轮毂 36的内壁之间安装有角接触球轴承 41。
[0157] 角接触球轴承 41例如可以有两个。
[0158] 角接触球轴承 41利用轴承挡圈和定位隔套 42进行轴向定位。
[0159] 此外, 在清理轮毂 36的另一端设有端部密封盖 43且采用螺栓连接。
[0160] 本实施例还在清理轮毂 36上安装有压力传感器 (未示出) 。 当扒落器 3接触到 板结煤层后, 会将该压力信号上传至下述控制器, 由控制器控制第三旋转驱动 机构 6动作。
[0161] 在三号气动马达 39带动下, 清理轮毂 36高速旋转, 尖刺部 7可实现板结煤层快 速清理。
[0162] 本实施例中的清仓机械手具有结构轻巧、 适用范围广, 清理效率高等优点。
[0163] 实施例 2
[0164] 本实施例 2述及了一种煤仓清堵机器人, 以满足大型地面煤仓内清堵的要求。
[0165] 该煤仓清堵机器人包括控制器、 气源以及上述实施例 1中的清仓机械手。 其中 , 气源通过管路为上述各个旋转驱动机构的气动马达供气。
[0166] 尤其需要说明, 当气源为三号气动马达 39供气时, 其供气管路可以经过手臂本 体 25下部的进气口 35穿过, 然后经手臂本体 25向下, 并连接到三号气动马达 39 的气路上。
[0167] 控制器通过线路分别与第一旋转驱动机构 4、 第二旋转驱动机构 5、 第三旋转驱 动机构 6相连, 控制器可以实现上述实施例 1中清仓机械手的三自由度控制。
[0168] 当然, 以上说明仅仅为本发明的较佳实施例, 本发明并不限于列举上述实施例 , 应当说明的是, 任何熟悉本领域的技术人员在本说明书的教导下, 所做出的 所有等同替代、 明显变形形式, 均落在本说明书的实质范围之内, 理应受到本 发明的保护。

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 清仓机械手, 其特征在于,
包括由上向下依次连接的底座、 机械手手臂以及扒落器;
在底座内安装有用于带动所述机械手手臂沿水平方向旋转的第一旋转 驱动机构;
在机械手手臂上端配置有用于带动该机械手手臂在竖直面内摆动的第 二旋转驱动机构;
扒落器安装于机械手手臂的下端, 且为水平布置; 在扒落器内设有用于带动所述扒落器绕自身轴线旋转的第三旋转驱动 机构;
所述扒落器的外侧表面设有用于对板结煤层进行清理的尖刺部。
[权利要求 2] 根据权利要求 1所述的清仓机械手, 其特征在于,
所述第一旋转驱动机构、 第二旋转驱动机构、 第三旋转驱动机构均采 用气动驱动机构。
[权利要求 3] 根据权利要求 1所述的清仓机械手, 其特征在于,
所述扒落器有两个, 分别安装于所述机械手手臂的两个相对侧部, 且 轴线重合。
[权利要求 4] 根据权利要求 2所述的清仓机械手, 其特征在于,
所述底座包括由上向下依次设置的一号底座壳体、 二号底座壳体以及 三号底座壳体;
其中, 一号底座壳体的底部与二号底座壳体之间通过螺栓连接; 二号底座壳体位于三号底座壳体的顶部内侧;
在二号底座壳体与三号底座壳体的顶部之间安装有角接触球轴承; 第一旋转驱动机构位于所述一号底座壳体、 二号底座壳体以及三号底 座壳体内;
第一旋转驱动机构包括一号气动马达和一号 RV减速器;
一号气动马达的马达座通过螺栓安装于二号底座壳体上;
一号气动马达的输出轴与一号 RV减速器相连, 并通过锁紧螺栓进行 固定;
一号 RV减速器的输出盘通过螺栓与三号底座壳体相连。
[权利要求 5] 根据权利要求 4所述的清仓机械手, 其特征在于,
所述二号底座壳体的侧部设有一水平的第一放置台面;
所述三号底座壳体的顶部内侧设有一水平的第二放置台面; 第一放置台面和第二放置台面相平, 且共同形成所述角接触球轴承的 底部放置平面;
在角接触球轴承的顶部内侧和外侧还分别设有第一限位挡板和第二限 位挡板;
其中, 第一限位挡板与一号底座壳体的底部、 二号底座壳体之间通过 螺栓连接;
第二限位挡板与三号底座壳体之间通过螺栓连接。
[权利要求 6] 根据权利要求 2所述的清仓机械手, 其特征在于,
所述机械手手臂包括 T型支撑架、 旋转主轴以及手臂本体;
T型支撑架的横板通过螺栓安装于底座的中部; 第二旋转驱动机构包括二号气动马达和二号 RV减速器;
二号气动马达和二号 RV减速器分别位于 T型支撑架的竖板的两侧, 其 中:
二号气动马达的马达座通过螺栓安装于 T型支撑架的竖板上; 二号气动马达的输出轴和二号 RV减速器相连, 并通过锁紧螺栓进行 固定;
二号 RV减速器的输出盘通过螺栓与旋转主轴连接; 手臂本体安装于所述旋转主轴上。
[权利要求 7] 根据权利要求 6所述的清仓机械手, 其特征在于,
所述二号 RV减速器外侧设有防护罩, 防护罩通过螺栓安装于 T型支撑 架的竖板上;
在防护罩上设有供所述旋转主轴穿过的主轴穿孔; 所述主轴穿孔处安装有定位隔套, 定位隔套套置于所述旋转主轴上。
[权利要求 8] 根据权利要求 2所述的清仓机械手, 其特征在于,
所述扒落器包括筒状的清理轮毂、 以及套置于清理轮毂上的若干个尖 刺部固定套;
在清理轮毂的内侧设有一径向安装板;
径向安装板的端部通过螺栓安装于清理轮毂的内壁上;
第三旋转驱动机构包括三号气动马达;
三号气动马达的马达座通过螺栓安装于机械手手臂的下端; 三号气动马达从清理轮毂的一端伸入所述清理轮毂内;
在三号气动马达的马达座与清理轮毂的内壁之间安装有角接触球轴承
三号气动马达的输出轴与径向安装板之间通过键连接;
在清理轮毂的另一端设有端部密封盖; 各个尖刺部固定套沿所述清理轮毂的长度方向均匀布置, 各尖刺部固 定套通过螺栓安装; 在每个尖刺部固定套的周向上布置有若干个所述尖刺部。
[权利要求 9] 根据权利要求 8所述的清仓机械手, 其特征在于,
所述清理轮毂上还安装有压力传感器。
[权利要求 10] 煤仓清堵机器人, 包括控制器以及清仓机械手; 其特征在于,
所述清仓机械手采用如权利要求 1至 9任一项所述的清仓机械手; 控制器通过线路分别与第一旋转驱动机构、 第二旋转驱动机构、 第三 旋转驱动机构相连。
PCT/CN2018/125978 2018-12-10 2018-12-30 清仓机械手及煤仓清堵机器人 WO2020118801A1 (zh)

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