WO2020118775A1 - 一种小型立式高速离心机 - Google Patents

一种小型立式高速离心机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020118775A1
WO2020118775A1 PCT/CN2018/124098 CN2018124098W WO2020118775A1 WO 2020118775 A1 WO2020118775 A1 WO 2020118775A1 CN 2018124098 W CN2018124098 W CN 2018124098W WO 2020118775 A1 WO2020118775 A1 WO 2020118775A1
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Prior art keywords
transmission shaft
stopper
motor
housing
small vertical
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PCT/CN2018/124098
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘金国
冯靖凯
徐振耀
刘玉旺
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中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所
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Publication of WO2020118775A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020118775A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B7/00—Elements of centrifuges

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  • the invention belongs to the field of centrifuges, specifically a small vertical high-speed centrifuge.
  • centrifuge uses the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the rotor to separate objects with different components from each other, and is widely used in the fields of biology, chemistry, medicine and so on.
  • centrifuges can be divided into vertical, horizontal, inclined, overhanging and three-legged centrifuges. With the continuous improvement of the requirements for material separation in various fields, the centrifuge is developing in the direction of high speed.
  • the high-speed rotation of the rotor makes the excitation caused by the imbalance of the rotor increase sharply, which is manifested by the vibration and noise of the base body, which causes the violent wear of the transmission parts, and the generated heat causes local high temperature; the deterioration of the working conditions greatly reduces the Component life.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a small vertical high-speed centrifuge.
  • the small vertical high-speed centrifuge has small volume, simple transmission system and flexible control, and is suitable for occasions where space is limited and high speed is required.
  • the invention includes a housing, a load plate, a stopper, a transmission shaft, an elastic coupling and a motor, wherein the motor and the elastic coupling are located in the housing, the transmission shaft is rotatably installed in the housing, and the input end of the transmission shaft passes
  • the elastic coupling is connected to the output shaft of the motor, the output end of the transmission shaft is connected to the lower part of the stopper, and the upper part of the stopper is connected to the load plate; the motor passes through the elastic coupling and the transmission shaft Drive block and load disk rotate;
  • the transmission shaft is rotatably installed in the housing through angular contact ball bearings, the upper and lower ends of the transmission shaft are supported by the angular contact ball bearings, and the shaft sleeve is provided between the upper and lower angular contact ball bearings.
  • Angular contact ball bearings are positioned through the bushing;
  • a bearing end cover mounted on the housing is provided above the angular contact ball bearing at the upper end, the outer ring of the angular contact ball bearing is blocked by the stop of the inner cavity of the housing and the bearing end cover, and the inner ring of the angular contact ball bearing passes The shaft shoulder on the transmission shaft and the outer edge of the stopper block it;
  • the shell is a cavity structure, and the side wall of the shell is provided with an opening for electrical wiring in the height direction;
  • a protection cover is threadedly connected to the top of the housing, and the load plate and the stopper are accommodated in the protection cover;
  • Both the upper and lower surfaces of the stop block are provided with groove stops, the lower surface of the load plate and the output end of the drive shaft are respectively provided with a convex stop, the convex stop on the load plate and the stop block
  • the groove stop at the surface is mated and inserted, and the convex stop at the output end of the drive shaft is mated to the groove stop at the lower surface of the stopper;
  • a motor fixing table is provided in the inner cavity of the casing, and the motor fixing table is ring-shaped.
  • a plurality of threaded holes are evenly provided in the circumferential direction of the motor fixing table in the axial direction and the radial direction, respectively.
  • a screw hole is connected to the motor, and a screw hole uniformly opened in the radial direction is fixed in the inner cavity of the housing by screws;
  • the axial center lines of the output shaft of the motor, the elastic coupling, the transmission shaft, the stopper and the load disk are collinear;
  • a flange is provided at the bottom of the casing, and the casing is connected to the base or the foundation through the flange.
  • the present invention belongs to a small vertical centrifuge (the size is D170mm ⁇ H400mm), has a small volume, especially a small axial span, and is suitable for a small space working environment.
  • the invention can drive the load to rotate at high speed, the vibration amount and noise of the base body are very small, and the bearing heat is not obvious.
  • the transmission system of the invention is simple and has high output power.
  • the transmission parts of the present invention are all located in the cavity of the housing, and the moving parts are closed by a protective cover, which has good safety in use.
  • the shell of the present invention is connected to a foundation or a base, an unexpected electrical failure occurs, does not pose a threat to the operator, and has good electrical safety.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a coaxial load installation of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a motor fixing table of the present invention.
  • 1 is the protective cover
  • 2 is the bearing end cover
  • 3 is the shaft sleeve
  • 4 is the housing
  • 5 is the motor fixing table
  • 6 is the load plate
  • 7 is the stopper
  • 8 is the transmission shaft
  • 9 is the angular contact ball bearing
  • 10 is an elastic coupling
  • 11 is a motor
  • 12 is an opening
  • 13 is a flange
  • 14 is a gap
  • 15 is a mounting hole.
  • the present invention includes a protective cover 1, a bearing end cover 2, a bushing 3, a housing 4, a motor fixing table 5, a load plate 6, a stopper 7, a transmission shaft 8, an angular contact ball bearing 9,
  • the moving parts are the load plate 6 and the stopper 7.
  • a flange 13 is provided at the bottom of the housing 4, and six countersunk holes are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction of the flange 13.
  • the housing 4 is connected to the base or foundation through the countersunk holes on the flange 13.
  • a hole 12 is provided on the side wall of the housing 4 in the height direction for the wiring of the electric appliance (i.e., the motor 11) and the installation of the elastic coupling 10.
  • a protective cover 1 is threadedly connected to the top end of the housing 4 to form a vertical structure centrifuge, and the direction of the kinematic chain is vertical.
  • the protective cover 1 is machined with internal threads and is screwed with the top end of the housing 4 with external threads. Both the load plate 6 and the stop 7 are accommodated in the protective cover 1 and are closed by the protective cover 1 for protection.
  • Both the motor 11 and the elastic coupling 10 are located in the housing 4.
  • the transmission shaft 8 is rotatably installed in the housing 4 through angular contact ball bearings 9, and the upper and lower ends of the transmission shaft 8 are supported by angular contact ball bearings 9.
  • the two angular contact ball bearings 9 are accommodated in the inner cavity of the housing 4
  • a shaft sleeve 3 is provided between the upper and lower angular contact ball bearings 9, and the upper and lower angular contact ball bearings 9 are positioned through the shaft sleeve 3.
  • a gap 14 is left between the sleeve 3 and the transmission shaft 8, and grease is provided in the gap 14 to lubricate the angular contact ball bearings 9.
  • Above the angular contact ball bearing 9 there is a bearing end cover 2 mounted on the housing 4.
  • the bearing end cover 2 is located outside the top open end of the housing 4 and presses the open end of the bearing end cover 2; the bearing end cover 2 There are six countersunk holes distributed uniformly in the circumferential direction, and six screw holes distributed uniformly in the circumferential direction are corresponding to the top of the housing 4, and the two are connected by screws.
  • the input end of the transmission shaft 8 is connected to the output shaft of the motor 11 through the elastic coupling 10.
  • the output end of the transmission shaft 8 is connected to the lower part of the stopper 7, and the upper end of the stopper 7 is connected to the load disk 6.
  • the upper and lower surfaces of the stopper 7 are provided with groove stops, and the lower surface of the load plate 6 and the output end of the transmission shaft 8 are respectively provided with raised stops.
  • the convex stop and the groove stop on the upper surface of the stopper 7 are mated and inserted; the load plate 6 and the stopper 7 are uniformly distributed with three mounting holes 15 in the circumferential direction.
  • the convex stop at the output end of the transmission shaft 8 is mated with the groove stop at the lower surface of the stopper 7, and the output end of the transmission shaft 8 is evenly distributed with three threaded holes, which correspond to the three mounting holes 15 one by one, load
  • the disk 6, the stop 7 and the transmission shaft 8 are connected by screws.
  • a motor fixing table 5 is provided in the inner cavity of the housing 4.
  • the motor fixing table 5 is ring-shaped.
  • the circumferential direction of the motor fixing table 5 is evenly provided in the axial direction and the radial direction.
  • the axially uniformly threaded holes are connected to the motor 11.
  • the radially uniformly threaded holes are fixed in the inner cavity of the housing 4 by screws.
  • the axial center line of the output shaft of the motor 11 of the present invention, the elastic coupling 10, the transmission shaft 8, the stopper 7 and the load disk 6 are collinear.
  • the working principle of the present invention is:
  • the motor 11 is the driving source of the high-speed centrifuge, and the speed of the motor 11 can be adjusted by the driver (the maximum rotation speed can reach 1 W revolutions per minute).
  • the output shaft of the motor 11 is connected to the elastic coupling 10, and the elastic coupling 10 is connected to the transmission shaft 8 to transmit the motion to the transmission shaft 8.
  • the upper and lower ends of the drive shaft 8 are supported by a pair of angular contact ball bearings 9.
  • the angular contact ball bearings 9 are lubricated with grease, which greatly reduces rotational friction and bearing wear.
  • the transmission shaft 8, the stopper 7 and the load plate 6 cooperate through the stop to ensure the coaxiality.
  • the vibration amount, bearing wear and heat of the centrifuge in three directions are very small, which can achieve high speed and long-term stability and reliability Turn.

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Abstract

一种小型立式高速离心机，包括外壳（4）、负载盘（6）、挡块（7）、传动轴（8）、弹性联轴器（10）及电机（11），电机（11）及弹性联轴器（10）均位于外壳（4）内，传动轴（8）转动安装于外壳（4）内，传动轴（8）的输入端通过弹性联轴器（10）与电机（11）的输出轴连接，传动轴（8）的输出端与挡块（7）的下部相连，挡块（7）的上部与负载盘（6）连接；电机（11）通过弹性联轴器（10）及传动轴（8）驱动挡块（7）和负载盘（6）旋转。这种离心机在空载和带负载盘时，转速由低转速增至高速时，离心机在三个方向的振动量、轴承磨损量和热量非常小，可实现高速、长时间稳定可靠转动。

Description

一种小型立式高速离心机 技术领域
本发明属于离心机领域，具体地说是一种小型立式高速离心机。
背景技术
离心机利用转子旋转产生的离心力，使不同成分物体相互分离，广泛应用于生物、化学、医药等领域。离心机按安装方式，可分为立式、卧式、倾斜式、上悬式和三足式离心机。随着各领域对物料分离要求的不断提高，使离心机向高转速方向发展。
转子的高速旋转，使由转子不平衡引起的激励急剧增加，表现为基体的振动和噪声大，从而造成传动件的剧烈磨损，产生的热量使局部出现高温；工况的恶化，极大地降低了部件的寿命。
发明内容
为了解决转子在高速旋转过程中，由转子不平衡引起激励急剧增加的问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种小型立式高速离心机。该小型立式高速离心机体积小、传动系统简易、控制灵活，适用于空间受限、高转速要求场合。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的：
本发明包括外壳、负载盘、挡块、传动轴、弹性联轴器及电机，其中电机及弹性联轴器均位于外壳内，所述传动轴转动安装于外壳内，该传动轴的输入端通过所述弹性联轴器与电机的输出轴连接，所述传动轴的输出端与挡块的下部相连，该挡块的上部与所述负载盘连接；所述电机通过弹性联轴器及传动轴驱动挡块和负载盘旋转；
其中：所述传动轴通过角接触球轴承转动安装于外壳内，在传动轴的上下两端均通过所述角接触球轴承支撑，上下两个角接触球轴承之间设有轴套，上下两个角接触球轴承通过所述轴套定位；
位于上端的所述角接触球轴承的上方设有安装在外壳上的轴承端盖，角接触球轴承的外圈通过外壳内腔的止口及轴承端盖挡住，角接触球轴承的内圈通过所述传动轴上的轴肩及挡块的外缘挡住；
所述轴套与传动轴之间留有间隙，该间隙内装有对角接触球轴承进行润滑的润滑脂；
所述外壳为腔体结构，在外壳的侧壁上沿高度方向设有用于电器走线的开孔；
所述外壳的顶端螺纹连接有保护罩，所述负载盘及挡块均容置于保护罩内；
所述挡块的上下两表面均设有凹槽止口，所述负载盘的下表面及传动轴的输 出端分别设有凸起止口，该负载盘上的凸起止口与所述挡块上表面的凹槽止口配合插接，所述传动轴输出端的凸起止口与挡块下表面的凹槽止口配合插接；
所述外壳的内腔中设有电机固定台，该电机固定台为圆环状，所述电机固定台的圆周方向在轴向和径向分别均匀开设有多个螺纹孔，轴向均匀开设的螺纹孔与所述电机连接，径向均匀开设的螺纹孔通过螺钉固定在所述外壳的内腔中；
所述电机的输出轴、弹性联轴器、传动轴、挡块及负载盘的轴向中心线共线；
所述外壳的底部设有法兰，该外壳通过所述法兰与基座或地基连接。
本发明的优点与积极效果为：
1.本发明属于小型立式离心机(尺寸为D170mm×H400mm)，体积小，尤其轴向跨度小，适用于小空间工作环境中。
2.本发明可驱动负载高速旋转，基体的振动量和噪声非常小，轴承发热不明显。
3.本发明传动系统简易，具有较高的输出功率。
4.本发明传动部件均位于外壳腔体内，运动部件由保护罩封闭，具有很好的使用安全性。
5.本发明外壳与地基或基座连接，意外出现电气故障，不会对操作人员产生威胁，具有很好的电气安全性。
附图说明
图1为本发明的整体结构示意图；
图2为本发明的内部结构剖视图；
图3为本发明负载同轴安装的立体结构示意图；
图4为本发明电机固定台的立体结构示意图；
其中：1为保护罩，2为轴承端盖，3为轴套，4为外壳，5为电机固定台，6为负载盘，7为挡块，8为传动轴，9为角接触球轴承，10为弹性联轴器，11为电机，12为开孔，13为法兰，14为间隙，15为安装孔。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详述。
如图1～2所示，本发明包括保护罩1、轴承端盖2、轴套3、外壳4、电机固定台5、负载盘6、挡块7、传动轴8、角接触球轴承9、弹性联轴器10及电机11，其中，外壳4为腔体结构，驱动源和传动部件均位于外壳4的腔体内；驱动源包含电机11，传动部件包含传动轴8、角接触球轴承9和联轴器10，运动部件为负载盘6和挡块7。
外壳4的底部设有法兰13，该法兰13的周向均布有六个沉头孔，外壳4通过法兰13上的沉头孔与基座或地基连接。在外壳4的侧壁上沿高度方向设有开 孔12，用于电器(即电机11)的走线和弹性联轴器10的安装。外壳4的顶端螺纹连接有保护罩1，形成立式结构离心机，运动链方向为垂直方向；保护罩1加工有内螺纹，与加工有外螺纹的外壳4的顶端旋合。负载盘6及挡块7均容置于保护罩1内，由保护罩1封闭，起到保护作用。
电机11及弹性联轴器10均位于外壳4内。传动轴8通过角接触球轴承9转动安装于外壳4内，在传动轴8的上下两端均通过角接触球轴承9支撑，这两个角接触球轴承9容置于外壳4的内腔中，上下两个角接触球轴承9之间设有轴套3，上下两个角接触球轴承9通过轴套3定位。轴套3与传动轴8之间留有间隙14，该间隙14内装有对角接触球轴承9进行润滑的润滑脂。位于上端的角接触球轴承9的上方设有安装在外壳4上的轴承端盖2，轴承端盖2位于外壳4顶部开口端的外部，将轴承端盖2的开口端压紧；轴承端盖2的周向均布有六个沉头孔，外壳4的顶端对应有周向均布的六个螺纹孔，二者通过螺钉连接。外壳4放置一对角接触球轴承9的内腔设有止口，角接触球轴承9的外圈通过外壳4内腔的止口及轴承端盖2挡住，角接触球轴承9的内圈通过传动轴8上的轴肩及挡块7的外缘挡住。
传动轴8的输入端通过弹性联轴器10与电机11的输出轴连接，传动轴8的输出端与挡块7的下部相连，该挡块7的上部与负载盘6连接。
如图2及图3所示，挡块7的上下两表面均设有凹槽止口，负载盘6的下表面及传动轴8的输出端分别设有凸起止口，该负载盘6上的凸起止口与挡块7上表面的凹槽止口配合插接；负载盘6及挡块7均周向均布了三个安装孔15。传动轴8输出端的凸起止口与挡块7下表面的凹槽止口配合插接，且传动轴8的输出端均布了三个螺纹孔，分别与三个安装孔15一一对应，负载盘6、挡块7及传动轴8通过螺钉连接。负载盘6和挡块7未安装时，各部件不会出现窜动，可对高速离心机空载性能进行测试。安装负载盘6和挡块7，可测试高速离心机驱动负载性能。
如图2及图4所示，外壳4的内腔中设有电机固定台5，该电机固定台5为圆环状，电机固定台5的圆周方向在轴向和径向分别均匀开设有多个(本实施例为六个)螺纹孔，相邻孔间距为30°，轴向均匀开设的螺纹孔与电机11连接，径向均匀开设的螺纹孔通过螺钉固定在外壳4的内腔中。
本发明的电机11的输出轴、弹性联轴器10、传动轴8、挡块7及负载盘6的轴向中心线共线。
本发明的工作原理为：
电机11为高速离心机的驱动源，通过驱动器可对电机11进行调速(最高转速可以达到每分钟1W转)。电机11的输出轴与弹性联轴器10连接，弹性联轴器10又与传动轴8连接，从而将运动传递至传动轴8。传动轴8的上下两端由一对角接触球轴承9支撑，角接触球轴承9采用润滑脂进行润滑，极大地降低了转动 摩擦和轴承磨损。传动轴8、挡块7和负载盘6通过止口配合，保证了同轴度。在离心机高速运转时，转子不平衡引起的激励力小，从而降低了偏心对角接触球轴承9的撞击，使离心机在高速运转时，振动和噪声得到有效降低。
本发明的离心机在空载和带负载盘6时，转速由低转速增致高速时，离心机在三个方向的振动量、轴承磨损量和热量非常小，可实现高速、长时间稳定可靠转动。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种小型立式高速离心机，其特征在于：包括外壳(4)、负载盘(6)、挡块(7)、传动轴(8)、弹性联轴器(10)及电机(11)，其中电机(11)及弹性联轴器(10)均位于外壳(4)内，所述传动轴(8)转动安装于外壳(4)内，该传动轴(8)的输入端通过所述弹性联轴器(10)与电机(11)的输出轴连接，所述传动轴(8)的输出端与挡块(7)的下部相连，该挡块(7)的上部与所述负载盘(6)连接；所述电机(11)通过弹性联轴器(10)及传动轴(8)驱动挡块(7)和负载盘(6)旋转。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的小型立式高速离心机，其特征在于：所述传动轴(8)通过角接触球轴承(9)转动安装于外壳(4)内，在传动轴(8)的上下两端均通过所述角接触球轴承(9)支撑，上下两个角接触球轴承(9)之间设有轴套(3)，上下两个角接触球轴承(9)通过所述轴套(3)定位。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的小型立式高速离心机，其特征在于：位于上端的所述角接触球轴承(9)的上方设有安装在外壳(4)上的轴承端盖(2)，角接触球轴承(9)的外圈通过外壳(4)内腔的止口及轴承端盖(2)挡住，角接触球轴承(9)的内圈通过所述传动轴(8)上的轴肩及挡块(7)的外缘挡住。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的小型立式高速离心机，其特征在于：所述轴套(3)与传动轴(8)之间留有间隙(14)，该间隙(14)内装有对角接触球轴承(9)进行润滑的润滑脂。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的小型立式高速离心机，其特征在于：所述外壳(4)为腔体结构，在外壳(4)的侧壁上沿高度方向设有用于电器走线的开孔(12)。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的小型立式高速离心机，其特征在于：所述外壳(4)的顶端螺纹连接有保护罩(1)，所述负载盘(6)及挡块(7)均容置于保护罩(1)内。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的小型立式高速离心机，其特征在于：所述挡块(7)的上下两表面均设有凹槽止口，所述负载盘(6)的下表面及传动轴(8)的输出端分别设有凸起止口，该负载盘(6)上的凸起止口与所述挡块(7)上表面的凹槽止口配合插接，所述传动轴(8)输出端的凸起止口与挡块(7)下表面的凹槽止口配合插接。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的小型立式高速离心机，其特征在于：所述外壳(4)的内腔中设有电机固定台(5)，该电机固定台(5)为圆环状，所述电机固定台(5)的圆周方向在轴向和径向分别均匀开设有多个螺纹孔，轴向均匀开设的螺纹孔与所述电机(11)连接，径向均匀开设的螺纹孔通过螺钉固定在所述外壳(4)的内腔中。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的小型立式高速离心机，其特征在于：所述电机(11) 的输出轴、弹性联轴器(10)、传动轴(8)、挡块(7)及负载盘(6)的轴向中心线共线。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的小型立式高速离心机，其特征在于：所述外壳(4)的底部设有法兰(13)，该外壳(4)通过所述法兰(13)与基座或地基连接。
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2132564Y (zh) * 1992-08-17 1993-05-12 沈太福 新型高效离心机
EP1043071A1 (fr) * 1999-04-09 2000-10-11 Jean-Denis Rochat Appareil de cetrifugation de liquide et utillisation de cet appareil
CN101718635A (zh) * 2009-12-08 2010-06-02 清华大学 立式密封试验装置
CN202991894U (zh) * 2012-12-18 2013-06-12 华南理工大学 一种高速精密紧固件检测设备用的转动轴及其固定结构
CN203484237U (zh) * 2013-09-10 2014-03-19 诸城市浩天药业有限公司 一种上悬式离心机

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN203918605U (zh) * 2014-05-29 2014-11-05 福建成功机床有限公司 一种立式车床传动轴联接结构

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2132564Y (zh) * 1992-08-17 1993-05-12 沈太福 新型高效离心机
EP1043071A1 (fr) * 1999-04-09 2000-10-11 Jean-Denis Rochat Appareil de cetrifugation de liquide et utillisation de cet appareil
CN101718635A (zh) * 2009-12-08 2010-06-02 清华大学 立式密封试验装置
CN202991894U (zh) * 2012-12-18 2013-06-12 华南理工大学 一种高速精密紧固件检测设备用的转动轴及其固定结构
CN203484237U (zh) * 2013-09-10 2014-03-19 诸城市浩天药业有限公司 一种上悬式离心机

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